5422:
1818:
329:
33:
467:
6087:
5434:
4960:
6077:
4928:
4950:
317:
5408:
4939:
1804:
535:(other packages it requires to run). The package management system evaluates this meta-information to allow package searches, perform automatic upgrades to newer versions, and to check that all dependencies of a package are present (and either notify the user to install them, or install them automatically). The package can also be provided as
747:, standard releases are often viewed as more stable and bug-free since software conflicts can be more easily addressed and the software stack more thoroughly tested and evaluated, during the software development cycle. For this reason, they tend to be the preferred choice in enterprise environments and mission-critical tasks.
1665:
each have their own proprietary OS. This limits Linux's market share: consumers are unaware that an alternative exists, they must make a conscious effort to use a different operating system, and they must either perform the actual installation themselves, or depend on support from a friend, relative,
224:
A Linux distribution may also be described as a particular assortment of application and utility software (various GNU tools and libraries, for example), packaged with the Linux kernel in such a way that its capabilities meet many users' needs. The software is usually adapted to the distribution and
1723:
The current
Microsoft Windows license lets the manufacturer determine the refund policy. With previous versions of Windows, it was possible to obtain a refund if the manufacturer failed to provide the refund by litigation in the small claims courts. On February 15, 1999, a group of Linux users in
643:
The diversity of Linux distributions is due to technical, organizational, and philosophical variation among vendors and users. The permissive licensing of free software means that users with sufficient knowledge and interest can customize any existing distribution, or design one to suit their own
542:
Most distributions install packages, including the kernel and other core operating system components, in a predetermined configuration. A few now require or permit configuration adjustments at first install time. This makes installation less daunting, particularly for new users, but is not always
1203:
Lightweight Linux distributions are those that have been designed with support for older hardware in mind, allowing older hardware to still be used productively, or, for maximum possible speed in newer hardware by leaving more resources available for use by applications. Examples include
804:
When the operating system is booted from a read-only medium such as a CD or DVD, any user data that needs to be retained between sessions cannot be stored on the boot device but must be written to another storage device, such as a USB flash drive or a hard disk drive.
1744:
branch of the French government filing several complaints against bundled software. On March 24, 2014, a new international petition was launched by AFUL on the Avaaz platform, translated into several languages and supported by many organizations around the world.
1400:, which can be created by using a USB image writer application and the ISO image, which can be downloaded from various Linux distribution websites. DVD disks, CD disks, network installations and even other hard drives can also be used as "installation media".
553:
normally provided in a distribution, an administrator may create a "distributionless" installation. It is possible to build such systems from scratch, avoiding distributions altogether. One needs a way to generate the first binaries until the system is
1380:
which recommends a standard filenaming chart, notably the basic directory names found on the root of the tree of any Linux filesystem. Those standards, however, see limited use, even among the distributions developed by members of the organization.
1520:) also make it possible for Linux to be run inside another OS. The VM software simulates a separate computer onto which the Linux system is installed. After installation, the virtual machine can be booted as if it were an independent computer.
750:
However, rolling releases offer more current software which can also provide increased stability and fewer software bugs along with the additional benefits of new features, greater functionality, faster running speeds, and improved system and
543:
acceptable. For specific requirements, much software must be carefully configured to be useful, to work correctly with other software, or to be secure, and local administrators are often obliged to spend time reviewing and reconfiguring it.
1046:
distribution targeted at experienced Linux users and maintained by a volunteer community, offers official binary packages and a wide range of unofficial user-submitted source packages. Packages are usually defined by a single
801:. The portability of installation-free distributions makes them advantageous for applications such as demonstrations, borrowing someone else's computer, rescue operations, or as installation media for a standard distribution.
1407:
but this has been abandoned by all major distributions. By the 2000s many distributions offered CD and DVD sets with the vital packages on the first disc and less important packages on later ones. Some distributions, such as
1426:, where the computer boots the operating system from the disk, and it can then be installed on the computer's hard disk, providing a seamless transition from the OS running from the CD to the OS running from the hard disk.
1788:
of the number of Linux systems, but did not distinguish between rolling release and standard release distributions. It ceased operation in August 2018, though a few related blog posts were created through
October 2018.
845:, are designed primarily for live use. Additionally, some minimal distributions can be run directly from as little space as one floppy disk without the need to change the contents of the system's hard disk drive.
3179:
1159:, Google's former open-source chief, agree that Android is a Linux distribution; others, such as Google engineer Patrick Brady, disagree by noting the lack of support for many GNU tools in Android, including
808:
Many Linux distributions provide a "live" form in addition to their conventional form, which is a network-based or removable-media image intended to be used only for installation; such distributions include
457:
As of 2017, Linux has become more popular in server and embedded devices markets than in the desktop market. It is used on over 50% of web servers; its current operating system market share is about 1.8%.
355:
utilities and tools for setting up a file system. Since the installation procedure was complicated, especially in the face of growing amounts of available software, distributions sprang up to simplify it.
2109:
1539:
or its derivatives into a FAT32 or an NTFS partition without an installation CD, allowing users to easily dual boot between either operating system on the same hard drive without losing data. Replaced by
869:
of visitors to WMF websites until 2015, which includes details of the most popular
Operating System identifiers, including some Linux distributions. Many of the popular distributions are listed below.
3290:
2744:
1419:
a hard drive in order to keep their previously installed operating system. The Linux distribution can then be installed on its own separate partition without affecting previously saved data.
881:, a non-commercial distribution and one of the earliest, maintained by a volunteer developer community with a strong commitment to free software principles and democratic project management.
725:. Also, unlike rolling releases, standard releases require more than one code branch to be developed and maintained, which increases the workload of the software developers and maintainers.
1589:
make it possible to run non-Linux-based software on Linux systems, either by emulating a proprietary operating system or by translating proprietary API calls (e.g., calls to
Microsoft's
1016:(RHEL), a derivative of Fedora Linux, maintained and commercially supported by Red Hat. It seeks to provide tested, secure, and stable Linux server and workstation support to businesses.
699:
of the distribution at the time of the installation image's release. Typically, a rolling-release OS installed from older installation medium can be fully updated after it is installed.
2261:
1957:
3209:
2163:
2921:
1368:
is an organization formed by major software and hardware vendors that aims to improve interoperability between different distributions. Among their proposed standards are the
2867:
5580:
546:
Some (but not all) distributions go to considerable lengths to adjust and customize the software they include, and some provide configuration tools to help users do so.
728:
On the other hand, software features and technology planning are easier in standard releases due to a better understanding of upcoming features in the next version(s).
2952:
3171:
2132:
1422:
In a Live CD setup, the computer boots the entire operating system from CD without first installing it on the computer's hard disk. Many distributions have a Live CD
5659:
1384:
The diversity of Linux distributions means that not all software runs on all distributions, depending on what libraries and other system attributes are required.
367:" images, later maintained by Jim Winstead Jr., the aforementioned disk image pair with the kernel and the absolute minimal tools to get started (4 November 1991)
1143:. Support for applications that require GNU compatibility is available through a virtual machine called Crostini and referred to by Google as Linux support, see
450:. Most early adopters were familiar with Unix from work or school. They embraced Linux distributions for their low (or absent) cost, and the availability of the
2101:
403:
The two oldest, still active distribution projects started in 1993. The SLS distribution was not well maintained, so in July 1993 a new SLS-based distribution,
1388:
and software repositories are usually specific to a particular distribution, though cross-installation is sometimes possible on closely related distributions.
2750:
1772:
Linux distributions. Hence, the sales figures for Linux systems and commercial Linux distributions indicate a much lower number of Linux systems and level of
3283:
3085:
2776:
2078:
256:, mobile phones and tablets, as well as in minimal environments typically for use in embedded systems. There are commercially backed distributions, such as
5878:
5500:
3442:
1560:, which allows Windows and Linux users to perform similar no-CD network installations for a wide variety of Linux distributions and additionally provides
5717:
767:, that standard releases may have to wait till the next release for or patch in various versions. In a rolling release distribution, where the user has
5117:
2311:
486:, provide only the binaries of a basic kernel, compilation tools, and an installer; the installer compiles all the requested software for the specific
1792:
Desktop usage statistical reports for particular Linux distributions have been collected and published since July 2014 by the Linux
Hardware Project.
5649:
2631:
2555:
482:
Many Linux distributions provide an installation system akin to that provided with other modern operating systems. Other distributions, including
3420:
2484:
1918:
1082:
Several operating systems include the Linux kernel, but have a userland that differs significantly from that of mainstream Linux distributions:
233:, which are storage locations usually distributed around the world. Beside "glue" components, such as the distribution installers (for example,
5669:
5555:
5654:
5637:
5122:
3629:
3492:
2582:
5607:
5505:
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exist. Because of the huge availability of software, distributions have taken a wide variety of forms, including those suitable for use on
2999:
2250:
1949:
5783:
5617:
5590:
5570:
5147:
1412:
also enabled installation over a network after booting from either a set of floppy disks or a CD with only a small amount of data on it.
3201:
1493:
offer lists of distributions, and link to screenshots of operating systems as a way to get a first impression of various distributions.
5595:
1502:
2171:
5545:
5515:
2711:
1489:
virtualize hardware allowing users to test live media on a virtual machine without installing to the real system. Some websites like
2917:
1760:
There are also no official figures for the total number of Linux systems, partly due to the difficulty of quantifying the number of
5692:
5368:
2662:
2609:
1720:'s line of personal video recorders, and Linux-based cellphones (including Android smartphones), PDAs, and portable music players.
1728:
held a "Windows Refund Day" protest in an attempt to pressure
Microsoft into issuing them refunds. In France, the Linuxfrench and
1144:
1057:, a derivative of Arch Linux that includes a graphical installer and other ease-of-use features for less experienced Linux users.
2890:
63:. They are often obtained from the website of each distribution, which are available for a wide variety of systems ranging from
2514:
1729:
5664:
5622:
5565:
3469:
3148:
2983:
1396:
There are several ways to install a Linux distribution. The most common method of installing Linux is by booting from a live
610:
3398:
2944:
1896:
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6028:
5958:
5642:
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2201:
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It is more common to find embedded devices sold with Linux as the default manufacturer-supported OS, including the
Linksys
1693:
all sell general-purpose Linux laptops. Custom-order PC manufacturers will also build Linux systems, but possibly with the
1151:
Whether such operating systems count as a "Linux distribution" is a controversial topic. They use the Linux kernel, so the
771:
to run it as a highly dynamic system, the constant flux of software packages can introduce new unintended vulnerabilities.
5602:
5495:
3714:
3063:
2227:
596:
Supported on multiple types of hardware, or platform-specific, even to the extent of certification by the platform vendor
226:
17:
5983:
5835:
2443:
951:, a distribution based on and compatible with Ubuntu. Supports multiple desktop environments, among others GNOME Shell
703:
560:. This can be done via compilation on another system capable of building binaries for the intended target (possibly by
3345:
3319:
379:(SLS) which included the X Window System and was the most comprehensive distribution for a short time (15 August 1992)
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5803:
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General purpose or highly specialized toward specific machine functionalities (e.g. firewalls, network routers, and
5627:
5535:
3093:
2772:
2070:
531:. Each package intended for such a PMS contains meta-information such as its description, version number, and its
5893:
5725:
5632:
5127:
4996:
2859:
2464:
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1610:
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gaming service has over 1,500 games available on Linux, compared to 2,323 games for Mac and 6,500 Windows games.
733:
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Some specific proprietary software products are not available in any form for Linux. As of
September 2015, the
1550:, which is in the process of being integrated in official Debian CDs/DVDs, and allows Windows users to install
1198:
512:. Each package contains a specific application or service. Examples of packages are a library for handling the
3261:
3231:
2807:
1987:
695:—often the latest stable versions available. They have pseudo-releases and installation media that are simply
241:) and the package management systems, very few packages are actually written by a distribution's maintainers.
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form, allowing modifications to the original software. Usually, Linux distributions optionally include some
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5702:
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2017:
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710:
523:
The package is typically provided as compiled code, with installation and removal of packages handled by a
5344:
2297:
1010:
is prototyped, developed, and tested in a communal setting before maturing into Red Hat
Enterprise Linux.
6016:
5923:
5758:
5175:
5112:
4931:
4872:
2635:
1841:
1171:
952:
759:, the rolling release model can have advantages in timely security updates, fixing system or application
245:
3597:
3591:
2559:
1509:. Linux is installed to the Windows hard disk partition, and can be started from inside Windows itself.
5913:
5798:
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5213:
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4751:
4294:
4188:
3646:
1642:
1289:
1132:
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963:
419:
in August 1993, with first public BETA released in
January 1994 and first stable version in June 1996.
92:
2476:
1736:
started a "Windows Detax" movement, which led to a 2006 petition against "racketiciels" (translation:
789:
A "live" distribution is a Linux distribution that can be booted from removable storage media such as
6048:
5963:
5948:
5218:
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1725:
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Computer hardware is usually sold with an operating system other than Linux already installed by the
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702:
Depending on the usage case, there can be pros and cons to both standard release and rolling release
524:
513:
499:
471:
273:
60:
3586:
Google's approach to a large-scale live upgrading between two widely different Linux distributions:
3369:
1732:(French speaking Libre Software Users' Association) organizations along with free software activist
1477:
The process of constantly switching between distributions is often referred to as "distro hopping".
194:), and other related programs may be included with the distribution or are installable by the user.
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1470:) and other distributions to simplify the installation process. Debian, Ubuntu and many others use
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84:
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TTY setup program, among others). Optionally, to provide a desktop experience (most commonly the
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5267:
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2918:"Google: "Android is the Linux desktop dream come true" - Suchmaschinen - derStandard.at " Web"
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32:
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without a CD, though it performs a network installation and thereby requires repartitioning
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1304:
Digital audio workstations for music production – for example, targeted by
1007:
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210:
8:
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images: one bootable and containing the Linux kernel itself, and the other with a set of
230:
167:
119:
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Scientific computer servers and workstations – for example, targeted by
1006:. It aims to be a technology testbed for Red Hat's commercial Linux offering, where new
5465:
5233:
5069:
4663:
1698:
1646:
1486:
1455:
1323:
1247:
887:, a desktop and server distribution derived from Debian, maintained by British company
722:
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408:
80:
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Some distributions let the user install Linux on top of their current system, such as
717:
require significant development effort to keep old versions up-to-date by propagating
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and distributed its first version, 0.01, in 1991. Linux was initially distributed as
163:
123:
72:
3055:
2251:"All you need to know about... The early history of Linux, Part 2, Re: distribution"
328:
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can also be used to run a proprietary OS (like Microsoft Windows) on top of Linux.
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by the distribution's maintainers. The software packages are available online in
64:
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lists many Linux distributions and displays some of the ones that have the most
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List of GNU/Linux distributions considered free by the Free Software Foundation
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1950:"HTG Explains: How Software Installation & Package Managers Work On Linux"
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Point-release vs rolling-release: developer, user and security considerations
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88:
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3172:"Steam for Linux tops 1,500 games as launch of Valve's Steam Machines nears"
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that come with Linux already installed are available from vendors including
478:, free and open-source software, and occasionally some proprietary software.
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Chromebook § Compatibility with Linux applications (GNU compatibility)
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of the user's computer, using these tools and the software's source code.
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2312:"kernel/git/nico/archive.git - Archive of old Linux versions since v0.01"
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There are several third-party distributions of AOSP, in turn, including:
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that runs on many devices such as smartphones, smart TVs, set-top boxes.
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There are no official figures on the popularity, adoption, downloads or
1250: – for example, targeted by Ubuntu Core and Microsoft's
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There are several distributions based on Ubuntu that mainly replace the
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However, it is possible to buy hardware with Linux already installed.
1242:
1034:, derived from openSUSE, maintained and commercially supported by SUSE
652:
Rolling Linux distributions are kept current using small and frequent
296:. Most distributions come ready-to-use and precompiled for a specific
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2712:"Linux Distribution Basics: Rolling Releases vs. Standard Releases"
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Users were attracted to Linux distributions as alternatives to the
265:
191:
2329:
2040:"DistroWatch.com: Put the fun back into computing. Use Linux, BSD"
1527:
installations from existing platforms without a CD, most notably:
1073:-like automated system for compiling applications from source code
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Privacy and anonymity – for example, targeted by
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3787:
3709:
2102:"Install Linux on your x86 tablet: five distros to choose from"
1741:
1686:
1670:
1551:
1517:
1409:
1403:
In the 1990s, Linux distributions were installed using sets of
1333:
1213:
973:
878:
721:
fixes back to the newest branch, versus focusing on the newest
609:
Targeted at specific user groups, for example through language
416:
281:
107:
36:
3202:"Steam's living room hardware blitz gets off to a muddy start"
2945:"Dream(sheep++): A developer's introduction to Google Android"
1024:, a community distribution mainly sponsored by German company
5855:
5005:
4884:
4867:
4852:
4419:
4409:
4106:
4020:
3985:
3601:
2440:"The Slackware Linux Project: Slackware Release Announcement"
2071:"How to install Ubuntu Touch on your Android phone or tablet"
1713:
1638:
1630:
1590:
1448:
On embedded devices, Linux is typically held in the device's
1179:
1167:
1160:
985:
894:
818:
593:
Designed for enterprise users, power users, or for home users
382:
316:
171:
159:
111:
3578: – a categorized list with information about each entry
4414:
4387:
4304:
4080:
4075:
3704:
3684:
3316:"Getting a Windows Refund in California Small Claims Court"
1717:
1678:
1650:
1438:
918:
910:
447:
179:
155:
122:, documentation, and many other types of software (such as
99:
3379:
Say no to bundled software - Say yes to informed consumers
3284:"Microsoft Software License Terms: Windows 7 Professional"
2330:"A Short History of Linux Distributions [LWN.net]"
98:
A typical Linux distribution comprises a Linux kernel, an
5407:
4938:
3366:
1803:
1658:
998:, a community distribution sponsored by American company
902:
423:
151:
115:
4974:
2507:"Usage statistics and market share of Unix for websites"
280:); and entirely community-driven distributions, such as
3432:
3430:
2860:"Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report - Operating Systems"
1077:
332:
Timeline of the development of main Linux distributions
213:
that may not be available in source code form, such as
1784:. A Linux Counter Project had kept track of a running
1002:
and the successor to the company's previous offering,
2888:
1535:, which allows Windows users to download and install
1224:
Other distributions target specific niches, such as:
873:
Widely used GNU-based or GNU-compatible distributions
684:
are sometimes used by software developers and users.
39:, one of the most popular desktop Linux distributions
5501:
Comparison of open-source and closed-source software
3436:
3427:
2537:"Browser & Platform Market Share September 2023"
1799:
1776:
than is the case; this is mainly due to Linux being
1701:(formerly Terra Soft) sells Macintosh computers and
308:
form and must be compiled locally for installation.
3145:"Debian - Details of package win32-loader in Lenny"
1166:Other Linux-kernel-based operating systems include
599:
Designed for servers, desktops, or embedded devices
5869:
2634:. fedoraproject.org. March 5, 2010. Archived from
1273:Specific platforms – for example,
797:, instead of being installed on and booted from a
55:made from a software collection that includes the
5480:
3466:"Linux Users: How Many People Use Linux in 2024?"
1523:Various tools are also available to perform full
1458:, one of the more popular installers, is used by
6103:
3604:, February 3, 2015, by Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols
1115:, Google's commercial operating system based on
1089:, Google's commercial operating system based on
937:. Other official forks have specific uses like:
2797:
1889:"Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems"
470:A Linux distribution is usually built around a
3490:
2973:
2580:
2553:
2130:
648:Rolling distributions versus standard releases
415:set to create a free distribution by founding
5466:
4990:
3623:
2477:"A Brief History of Debian - Debian Releases"
1947:
1497:Installation via an existing operating system
775:Installation-free distributions (live CD/USB)
732:can also be synchronized with those of major
399:, a commercial distribution (8 December 1992)
5506:Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities
3169:
3142:
2133:"The Top 7 Best Linux Distributions for You"
1259: – for example, targeted by
1192:
586:In broad terms, Linux distributions may be:
3437:Prashanth Venkataram (September 10, 2010).
3419:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3258:"Laptops/Notebooks with Linux Preinstalled"
2742:
1452:and may or may not be consumer-accessible.
1359:
1346:Offline use – for example,
516:image format, a collection of fonts, and a
5473:
5459:
4997:
4983:
4927:
3630:
3616:
3544:
2915:
2161:
508:Distributions are normally segmented into
347:only, and later as a pair of downloadable
27:Operating system based on the Linux kernel
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2099:
1284:Education – examples are
5427:Free and open-source software portal
2830:"PiTuX – a micro serial terminal distro"
2773:"The pros and cons of a rolling release"
2770:
2600:
2598:
2596:
1919:"Linux Operating Systems: Distributions"
1376:and packaging system for Linux, and the
465:
327:
315:
126:network configuration utilities and the
31:
3637:
3598:Rolling release vs. fixed release Linux
3553:from the original on September 20, 2020
3472:from the original on September 28, 2023
3445:from the original on September 15, 2010
3344:. Marc.merlins.org. February 15, 1999.
2709:
2665:from the original on September 14, 2011
2248:
2164:"Mobile Linux Distros Keep on Morphing"
1568:
14:
6104:
3182:from the original on November 19, 2015
2779:from the original on November 12, 2010
2764:
2729:
2417:Anyone interested in Linux Base System
2230:from the original on November 12, 2020
2068:
2050:from the original on November 11, 2020
1990:from the original on December 31, 2014
1960:from the original on February 10, 2015
1352:Gaming – for example,
1228:Routers – for example
1219:
5454:
4978:
3611:
3538:
3520:"The Linuxcounter project is closed!"
3517:
3511:
3484:
3401:from the original on January 26, 2021
3389:AM, Last modified: 04/29/2014 01:10.
3382:
3360:
3334:
3308:
3276:
3250:
3224:
3212:from the original on January 11, 2017
3194:
3163:
3136:
3078:
3022:
2992:
2967:
2936:
2909:
2882:
2870:from the original on February 2, 2017
2852:
2840:from the original on February 2, 2015
2822:
2791:
2677:
2650:
2624:
2606:"Fedora Release Life-cycle Proposals"
2593:
2574:
2547:
2529:
2499:
2469:
2432:
2322:
2242:
2216:
2204:from the original on January 14, 2015
2186:
2155:
2124:
2081:from the original on October 27, 2015
2010:"The LWN.net Linux Distribution List"
1597:APIs) into native Linux API calls. A
611:internationalization and localization
493:
324:holding a very early version of Linux
6029:Microsoft Open Specification Promise
3491:Caitlyn Martin (September 7, 2010).
3463:
3441:. dasublogbyprashanth.blogspot.com.
3391:"International petition | AFUL"
3264:from the original on August 20, 2011
2942:
2585:. chakra-project-org. Archived from
2558:. chakra-project-org. Archived from
2093:
2062:
2032:
2002:
1972:
1941:
1911:
1881:
1824:Free and open-source software portal
1241:(MMU) – for example
1078:Linux-kernel-based operating systems
988:desktop environment known as COSMIC.
865:released an analysis of the browser
5496:Alternative terms for free software
5369:Professional related certifications
3576:The LWN.net Linux Distribution List
3296:from the original on March 11, 2012
3170:Jared Newman (September 21, 2015).
3030:"Network install from a minimal CD"
2924:from the original on April 22, 2013
2659:"Linux Certification – Preparation"
2487:from the original on April 18, 2023
2446:from the original on August 9, 2011
2131:Brian Proffitt (February 3, 2010).
2112:from the original on April 13, 2019
2020:from the original on March 15, 2015
1925:. November 27, 2014. Archived from
1899:from the original on April 24, 2011
972:, is a Linux distribution based on
632:, portability, or comprehensiveness
571:
454:for most or all of their software.
24:
5836:Python Software Foundation License
3348:from the original on July 27, 2011
3322:from the original on July 21, 2011
3234:. Shop.affordy.com. Archived from
3117:"Thoughts on Linux distro-hopping"
3114:
3066:from the original on March 2, 2020
3036:from the original on July 28, 2011
2810:from the original on July 24, 2015
2749:, techrepublic.com, archived from
2517:from the original on July 15, 2012
2340:from the original on June 23, 2018
2267:from the original on July 28, 2012
1740:) with 39,415 signatories and the
1581:and API-translation projects like
704:software development methodologies
25:
6128:
5899:Definition of Free Cultural Works
5516:Free software project directories
5148:List of software package managers
5133:Security-focused operating system
3996:Bharat Operating System Solutions
3569:
3151:from the original on June 5, 2011
2955:from the original on July 4, 2017
2893:. Android Central. Archived from
2798:Jonathan Corbet (June 15, 2011).
2691:from the original on May 18, 2019
2632:"Fedora Development Mailing List"
2612:from the original on May 18, 2019
2406:bootable root disks are on tsx-11
2395:Anyone wants a bootable rootdisk?
1832:Comparison of Linux distributions
897:stock desktop environment, like:
582:Comparison of Linux distributions
197:Most of the included software is
6086:
6085:
6075:
5536:Open-source software development
5433:
5432:
5420:
5406:
4959:
4958:
4948:
4937:
4926:
2943:Paul, Ryan (February 24, 2009).
2710:Hoffman, Chris (July 14, 2014).
2556:"half-rolling development model"
2442:. Slackware.com. July 16, 1993.
2249:Berlich, Ruediger (April 2001).
1816:
1802:
1604:
1318: – examples are
825:. Some distributions, including
201:made available both as compiled
5894:Debian Free Software Guidelines
5726:Free Software Movement of India
5123:Distributions that run from RAM
3594:, LinuxCon 2013, by Marc Merlin
3464:Wise, Jason (August 10, 2023).
3457:
3439:"Counter-Debunking the 1% myth"
3260:. Mcelrath.org. June 10, 2010.
3108:
3048:
2703:
2656:
2583:"The Chakra Project Wiki: FAQs"
2458:
2428:ANNOUNCE: The Linux Base System
2421:
2410:
2399:
2388:
2370:
2352:
2304:
2290:
2279:
2162:Eric Brown (November 4, 2014).
1948:Chris Hoffman (June 27, 2012).
1837:Light-weight Linux distribution
1611:original equipment manufacturer
1391:
941:for Chinese-speaking users, or
613:, or through inclusion of many
3388:
3086:"How I stopped distro hopping"
2743:Chad Perrin (August 2, 2010),
2378:"SLS: Free Linux Distribution"
2224:"Linux Distributions Timeline"
1980:"The status of CentOS mirrors"
1854:
1629:computers, it has always been
1199:Lightweight Linux distribution
539:to be compiled on the system.
411:. Also dissatisfied with SLS,
359:Early distributions included:
134:userspace graphics drivers) a
13:
1:
5884:Contributor License Agreement
5698:Open-source-software movement
5482:Free and open-source software
3495:. oreilly.com. Archived from
2974:Dieguez Castro, Jose (2016).
1874:
1778:free and open-source software
1748:
1378:Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
1065:, a distribution targeted at
984:, and featuring a customised
461:
199:free and open-source software
6055:The Cathedral and the Bazaar
5909:The Free Software Definition
5080:GNU/Linux naming controversy
2978:. Apress. pp. 49, 345.
980:Linux computer manufacturer
711:software development process
691:usually contain very recent
590:Commercial or non-commercial
549:By obtaining and installing
389:" (23 September 1992), and "
304:) are distributed mostly in
7:
5959:Mozilla software rebranding
5924:Permissive software license
5176:Linux Documentation Project
5118:Netbook-specific comparison
3232:"Affordy - TITAN Computers"
2891:"Ask AC: Is Android Linux?"
2889:Ask AC: Is Android Linux?.
1842:List of Linux distributions
1795:
1415:New users tend to begin by
945:for media content creators.
848:
736:software projects, such as
527:(PMS) rather than a simple
138:(the most common being the
10:
6133:
5964:Proprietary device drivers
5914:The Open Source Definition
5075:Criticism of desktop Linux
4189:Rocks Cluster Distribution
2771:K.Mandla (March 9, 2007).
2194:"Debian and Other Distros"
1666:or computer professional.
1512:Virtual machines (such as
1292:, server systems based on
1196:
778:
575:
497:
474:, which puts together the
311:
93:Rocks Cluster Distribution
6071:
6049:Source-available software
6007:
5949:Digital rights management
5941:
5739:
5716:
5678:
5554:
5488:
5400:
5367:
5247:
5199:
5158:
5098:
5085:Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate
5062:
5012:
5004:
4922:
4798:
4780:
4727:
4650:
4622:
4495:
4467:
4458:
4355:
4318:
4280:
4242:
4207:
4129:
3978:
3826:
3817:
3743:
3645:
3000:"2.4. Installation Media"
2976:Introducing Linux Distros
2775:. kmandla.wordpress.com.
1726:Orange County, California
1372:, which defines a common
1193:Lightweight distributions
525:package management system
500:Package management system
472:package management system
61:package management system
6044:Shared Source Initiative
5841:Shared Source Initiative
5794:Free Software Foundation
5731:Free Software Foundation
5581:Configuration management
4900:Softlanding Linux System
4179:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
1847:
1757:of Linux distributions.
1479:Virtual machine software
1460:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
1360:Interdistribution issues
1014:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
377:Softlanding Linux System
85:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
5979:SCO/Linux controversies
4689:Linux for PlayStation 2
3547:"Linux Hardware Trends"
3493:"Debunking the 1% myth"
3395:no.more.racketware.info
3372:March 24, 2007, at the
3147:. Packages.debian.org.
1780:that can be downloaded
730:Software release cycles
142:, or, more recently, a
5879:Comparison of licenses
5688:Free software movement
5261:Free Software Magazine
5191:Linux User Group (LUG)
4338:Open Enterprise Server
2661:. walkingwithzen.com.
1862:GNU/Linux distribution
1766:Desktop Linux adoption
1613:(OEM). In the case of
1239:memory management unit
479:
333:
325:
300:, while some (such as
47:(often abbreviated as
40:
5954:License proliferation
4742:Damn Vulnerable Linux
4333:SUSE Linux Enterprise
3730:Resurrection Remix OS
3096:on September 19, 2016
2753:on September 28, 2012
2608:. fedoraproject.org.
2465:debian-0.91-ChangeLog
1531:The (now deprecated)
1032:SUSE Linux Enterprise
689:rolling distributions
664:(along with synonyms
576:Further information:
504:Linux package formats
469:
430:operating systems on
397:Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X
331:
319:
35:
6039:Open-source hardware
5974:Proprietary software
5969:Proprietary firmware
5670:Formerly open-source
5665:Formerly proprietary
5531:Open-source software
5186:Linux Mark Institute
4858:Linux Router Project
3499:on February 27, 2011
3342:"Windows Refund Day"
3318:. Linuxjournal.com.
3208:. October 15, 2015.
2800:"Debating overlayfs"
2581:The Chakra Project.
2554:The Chakra Project.
2513:. November 5, 2016.
2382:www.tech-insider.org
2364:www.tech-insider.org
2286:linux-0.11 available
2200:. December 7, 2013.
2174:on February 13, 2015
1986:. January 15, 2015.
1768:), since many users
1617:, the OS is usually
1569:Proprietary software
1366:Free Standards Group
1008:open-source software
863:Wikimedia Foundation
753:application security
738:desktop environments
635:Standard release or
624:Built primarily for
619:scientific computing
564:). For example, see
252:, servers, laptops,
244:Almost one thousand
211:proprietary software
6112:Linux distributions
5919:Open-source license
5521:Gratis versus libre
4790:SUSE Studio Express
4557:Other derivatives:
3639:Linux distributions
2864:stats.wikimedia.org
2589:on August 27, 2011.
2562:on October 11, 2011
2543:. October 10, 2023.
1866:related controversy
1860:Sometimes called a
1764:running Linux (see
1647:video game consoles
1468:Fedora Media Writer
1370:Linux Standard Base
1316:penetration testing
1310:Computer security,
1220:Niche distributions
976:which developed by
246:Linux distributions
225:then combined into
168:desktop environment
146:compositor such as
18:Linux distributions
5113:Distributions list
5108:General comparison
5070:Criticism of Linux
4664:BLAG Linux and GNU
4531:Linux Caixa Mágica
3526:on August 31, 2019
3143:Debian Webmaster.
2920:. Derstandard.at.
2143:on January 5, 2015
1929:on October 3, 2018
1699:Fixstars Solutions
1641:hardware with the
1615:IBM PC compatibles
1487:VMware Workstation
1431:personal computers
1324:Parrot Security OS
1267:(former XBMC) and
1248:Internet of things
1119:that only runs on
723:development branch
682:optionally rolling
566:Linux From Scratch
494:Package management
480:
409:Patrick Volkerding
407:, was released by
393:" (5 October 1992)
387:bootable rootdisks
334:
326:
217:required for some
73:personal computers
45:Linux distribution
41:
6099:
6098:
5999:Trusted Computing
5989:Software security
5937:
5936:
5618:Operating systems
5526:Long-term support
5448:
5447:
4972:
4971:
4918:
4917:
4863:MCC Interim Linux
4806:Caldera OpenLinux
4125:
4124:
3062:. June 29, 2015.
3056:"WindowsDualBoot"
2985:978-1-4842-1393-3
2638:on August 3, 2020
2360:"interim release"
1895:. June 30, 2014.
1697:on the keyboard.
1621:; in the case of
1619:Microsoft Windows
1429:Both servers and
1386:Packaged software
1312:digital forensics
1137:Google Play Store
861:on the site. The
757:software security
715:standard releases
693:software releases
658:partially rolling
604:computer clusters
562:cross-compilation
432:IBM PC compatible
428:Microsoft Windows
391:Linux Base System
371:MCC Interim Linux
227:software packages
190:or more recently
16:(Redirected from
6124:
6089:
6088:
6079:
5984:Software patents
5867:
5866:
5779:Creative Commons
5638:Web applications
5475:
5468:
5461:
5452:
5451:
5436:
5435:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5413:Linux portal
5411:
5410:
5382:Linux Foundation
5181:Linux Foundation
4999:
4992:
4985:
4976:
4975:
4962:
4961:
4952:
4944:Linux portal
4942:
4941:
4930:
4929:
4719:Yellow Dog Linux
4704:Think Blue Linux
4694:Scientific Linux
4569:CrunchBang Linux
4465:
4464:
4006:Damn Small Linux
3824:
3823:
3715:Paranoid Android
3632:
3625:
3618:
3609:
3608:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3545:A. Ponomarenko.
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3522:. Archived from
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3461:
3455:
3454:
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3434:
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3406:
3386:
3380:
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3364:
3358:
3357:
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3327:
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3305:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3288:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3092:. Archived from
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3010:on July 24, 2018
3006:. Archived from
2996:
2990:
2989:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2916:derStandard.at.
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2897:on April 8, 2017
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2740:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2687:. opensuse.org.
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2602:
2591:
2590:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2473:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
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2430:
2425:
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2392:
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2368:
2367:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2298:"RELNOTES-0.95a"
2294:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2266:
2255:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2170:. Archived from
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2139:. Archived from
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1885:
1868:
1858:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1734:Roberto Di Cosmo
1707:Yellow Dog Linux
1635:Sun Microsystems
1564:creation support
1472:Debian-Installer
1466:(which uses the
1398:USB memory stick
1300:Scientific Linux
1257:Home theater PCs
1235:Microcontrollers
1153:Linux Foundation
1129:tablet computers
1069:, known for its
839:SliTaz GNU/Linux
795:USB flash drives
709:In terms of the
687:Repositories of
615:music production
572:Types and trends
235:Debian-Installer
186:(usually either
65:embedded devices
53:operating system
21:
6132:
6131:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6095:
6067:
6034:Open-core model
6009:
6003:
5933:
5871:
5865:
5735:
5712:
5674:
5557:
5550:
5484:
5479:
5449:
5444:
5421:
5419:
5405:
5396:
5363:
5243:
5195:
5154:
5138:Package manager
5094:
5058:
5037:Booting process
5008:
5003:
4973:
4968:
4936:
4914:
4843:Foresight Linux
4794:
4776:
4723:
4646:
4632:Container Linux
4618:
4604:Musix GNU+Linux
4511:Black Lab Linux
4491:
4454:
4445:Tiny Core Linux
4351:
4314:
4276:
4262:OpenMandriva Lx
4238:
4217:Calculate Linux
4203:
4121:
4071:Raspberry Pi OS
3974:
3857:Ubuntu Cinnamon
3813:
3739:
3720:PixelExperience
3641:
3636:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3543:
3539:
3529:
3527:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3489:
3485:
3475:
3473:
3462:
3458:
3448:
3446:
3435:
3428:
3412:
3411:
3404:
3402:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3374:Wayback Machine
3365:
3361:
3351:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3325:
3323:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3238:on May 29, 2009
3230:
3229:
3225:
3215:
3213:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3168:
3164:
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3141:
3137:
3127:
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3113:
3109:
3099:
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3084:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3013:
3011:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2986:
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2958:
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2941:
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2900:
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2887:
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2841:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2796:
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2765:
2756:
2754:
2741:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2692:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2615:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2594:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2552:
2548:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2483:. May 4, 2013.
2475:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2411:
2404:
2400:
2393:
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2310:
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2253:
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2233:
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2222:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2100:David Hayward.
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2044:distrowatch.com
2038:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1923:swift.siphos.be
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1798:
1751:
1675:Hewlett-Packard
1663:Nintendo Switch
1607:
1599:virtual machine
1571:
1499:
1435:Hewlett-Packard
1394:
1362:
1275:Raspberry Pi OS
1222:
1206:Tiny Core Linux
1201:
1195:
1187:Kindle firmware
1080:
1044:rolling release
875:
851:
833:, Devil-Linux,
799:hard disk drive
787:
779:Main articles:
777:
765:vulnerabilities
745:user experience
650:
637:rolling release
584:
574:
506:
496:
464:
440:Apple Macintosh
314:
298:instruction set
170:(most commonly
87:) and powerful
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6130:
6120:
6119:
6117:Linus Torvalds
6114:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6083:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6065:
6058:
6051:
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6036:
6031:
6026:
6019:
6013:
6011:
6005:
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5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
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5956:
5951:
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5935:
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5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5875:
5873:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5745:
5743:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5728:
5722:
5720:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
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5700:
5695:
5690:
5684:
5682:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5599:
5598:
5593:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5571:Bioinformatics
5568:
5562:
5560:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5478:
5477:
5470:
5463:
5455:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5430:
5416:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5377:CompTIA Linux+
5373:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5354:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5325:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5304:
5301:Linux Magazine
5297:
5290:
5283:
5276:
5271:
5264:
5257:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5162:
5160:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5143:Package format
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5104:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5066:
5064:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5018:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5002:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4979:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4956:
4946:
4934:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4823:
4821:Familiar Linux
4818:
4813:
4808:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4786:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4660:
4658:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4628:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4501:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4385:
4383:Clear Linux OS
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4324:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4290:Austrumi Linux
4286:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4248:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3832:
3830:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3595:
3584:
3579:
3571:
3570:External links
3568:
3565:
3564:
3537:
3510:
3483:
3456:
3426:
3381:
3359:
3333:
3307:
3275:
3249:
3223:
3193:
3162:
3135:
3115:Proven, Liam.
3107:
3077:
3047:
3021:
3004:www.debian.org
2991:
2984:
2966:
2935:
2908:
2881:
2851:
2821:
2790:
2763:
2728:
2702:
2685:"Why openSUSE"
2676:
2649:
2623:
2592:
2573:
2546:
2528:
2498:
2468:
2457:
2431:
2420:
2409:
2398:
2387:
2369:
2351:
2321:
2316:git.kernel.org
2303:
2289:
2278:
2241:
2226:. FabioLolix.
2215:
2185:
2154:
2123:
2092:
2061:
2031:
2001:
1971:
1940:
1910:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1813:
1797:
1794:
1782:free of charge
1774:Linux adoption
1755:installed base
1750:
1747:
1705:consoles with
1606:
1603:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1555:
1545:
1533:Wubi installer
1498:
1495:
1393:
1390:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1326:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1282:
1271:
1254:
1245:
1232:
1221:
1218:
1197:Main article:
1194:
1191:
1149:
1148:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1019:
1018:
1017:
993:
992:
991:
990:
989:
967:
946:
889:Canonical Ltd.
874:
871:
850:
847:
776:
773:
662:partly rolling
649:
646:
641:
640:
633:
622:
607:
600:
597:
594:
591:
578:Linux adoption
573:
570:
495:
492:
463:
460:
401:
400:
394:
380:
374:
373:(3 March 1992)
368:
339:developed the
337:Linus Torvalds
313:
310:
278:Canonical Ltd.
219:device drivers
136:display server
91:(for example,
89:supercomputers
83:(for example,
75:(for example,
67:(for example,
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6129:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6092:
6084:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6073:
6070:
6064:
6063:
6062:Revolution OS
6059:
6057:
6056:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6023:GNU Manifesto
6020:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6006:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5940:
5930:
5929:Public domain
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5868:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5718:Organisations
5715:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5613:Office suites
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5553:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5511:Free software
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5476:
5471:
5469:
5464:
5462:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5441:
5440:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5351:Revolution OS
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5324:
5323:Linux Outlaws
5321:
5317:
5316:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5294:Linux Journal
5291:
5289:
5288:
5287:Linux Gazette
5284:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5240:
5239:Linux malware
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5198:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
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5171:Linux Counter
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5159:Organizations
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5100:Distributions
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5090:SCO and Linux
5088:
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5063:Controversies
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4779:
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4767:TopologiLinux
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4758:
4755:
4753:
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4707:
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4699:Red Hat Linux
4697:
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4682:
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4677:
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4672:
4670:
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4637:Sabayon Linux
4635:
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4610:
4607:
4605:
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4584:Feather Linux
4582:
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4403:
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4398:
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4386:
4384:
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4378:Chimera Linux
4376:
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4364:
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4358:
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4159:MIRACLE LINUX
4157:
4155:
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4150:
4149:CentOS Stream
4147:
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4019:
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4009:
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4001:BlankOn Linux
3999:
3997:
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3989:
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3968:
3966:
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3940:Peppermint OS
3938:
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3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
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3900:elementary OS
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:Derivatives:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3872:Ubuntu Studio
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
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3858:
3855:
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3852:Ubuntu Budgie
3850:
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3807:
3805:(3.0 onwards)
3804:
3801:
3799:
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3791:
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3786:
3784:
3783:Hyperbola GNU
3781:
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2541:w3counter.com
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2355:
2344:September 30,
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2107:
2103:
2096:
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2065:
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2041:
2035:
2024:September 11,
2019:
2015:
2011:
2005:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1975:
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1954:howtogeek.com
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1703:PlayStation 3
1700:
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1605:OEM contracts
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1306:Ubuntu Studio
1303:
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1287:
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1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:, it has the
1134:
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1122:
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1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1072:
1071:FreeBSD Ports
1068:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1055:Manjaro Linux
1053:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1015:
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1009:
1005:
1004:Red Hat Linux
1001:
997:
994:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
968:
965:
961:
957:
954:
950:
947:
944:
943:Ubuntu Studio
940:
936:
932:
931:Ubuntu Budgie
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
891:
890:
886:
883:
882:
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877:
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870:
868:
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856:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
806:
802:
800:
796:
792:
791:optical discs
786:
782:
772:
770:
766:
762:
761:security bugs
758:
754:
748:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
707:
705:
700:
698:
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
678:truly rolling
675:
674:fully rolling
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
645:
638:
634:
631:
627:
623:
620:
616:
612:
608:
605:
601:
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583:
579:
569:
567:
563:
559:
558:
552:
547:
544:
540:
538:
534:
530:
529:file archiver
526:
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519:
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501:
491:
489:
485:
477:
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459:
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78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
38:
34:
30:
19:
6060:
6053:
6021:
5904:Free license
5650:Android apps
5437:
5418:
5404:
5357:
5349:
5327:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5280:Linux Format
5278:
5266:
5259:
5234:Range of use
5099:
5051:
5014:Linux kernel
4905:Splashtop OS
4679:Linpus Linux
4614:Sunwah Linux
4551:Ubuntu GNOME
4460:Discontinued
4459:
4169:Oracle Linux
3955:Ubuntu Touch
3877:Ubuntu Unity
3862:Ubuntu Kylin
3809:SystemRescue
3798:Parabola GNU
3638:
3592:text version
3588:presentation
3555:. Retrieved
3540:
3528:. Retrieved
3524:the original
3513:
3501:. Retrieved
3497:the original
3486:
3474:. Retrieved
3459:
3447:. Retrieved
3405:November 26,
3403:. Retrieved
3394:
3384:
3362:
3350:. Retrieved
3336:
3324:. Retrieved
3310:
3298:. Retrieved
3278:
3266:. Retrieved
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3236:the original
3226:
3214:. Retrieved
3206:Ars Technica
3205:
3196:
3186:November 18,
3184:. Retrieved
3175:
3165:
3153:. Retrieved
3138:
3126:. Retrieved
3122:The Register
3120:
3110:
3098:. Retrieved
3094:the original
3089:
3080:
3070:December 12,
3068:. Retrieved
3059:
3050:
3038:. Retrieved
3024:
3012:. Retrieved
3008:the original
3003:
2994:
2975:
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2949:Ars Technica
2948:
2938:
2926:. Retrieved
2911:
2899:. Retrieved
2895:the original
2884:
2872:. Retrieved
2863:
2854:
2842:. Retrieved
2833:
2824:
2812:. Retrieved
2793:
2781:. Retrieved
2766:
2757:September 6,
2755:, retrieved
2751:the original
2745:
2719:. Retrieved
2715:
2705:
2693:. Retrieved
2679:
2667:. Retrieved
2652:
2640:. Retrieved
2636:the original
2626:
2614:. Retrieved
2587:the original
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2560:the original
2549:
2540:
2531:
2519:. Retrieved
2510:
2501:
2489:. Retrieved
2480:
2471:
2460:
2448:. Retrieved
2434:
2423:
2412:
2401:
2390:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2342:. Retrieved
2333:
2324:
2315:
2306:
2292:
2281:
2269:. Retrieved
2257:
2244:
2234:December 23,
2232:. Retrieved
2218:
2206:. Retrieved
2197:
2188:
2176:. Retrieved
2172:the original
2167:
2157:
2145:. Retrieved
2141:the original
2136:
2126:
2114:. Retrieved
2105:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2074:
2069:Jim Martin.
2064:
2054:November 26,
2052:. Retrieved
2043:
2034:
2022:. Retrieved
2004:
1992:. Retrieved
1983:
1974:
1962:. Retrieved
1953:
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1927:the original
1922:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1892:
1883:
1864:, with some
1861:
1856:
1810:Linux portal
1791:
1759:
1752:
1722:
1716:NAS device,
1711:
1668:
1649:such as the
1608:
1572:
1548:Win32-loader
1522:
1511:
1500:
1476:
1454:
1447:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1417:partitioning
1414:
1405:floppy disks
1402:
1395:
1392:Installation
1383:
1363:
1279:Raspberry Pi
1277:targets the
1252:Azure Sphere
1223:
1202:
1165:
1157:Chris DiBona
1150:
1081:
996:Fedora Linux
939:Ubuntu Kylin
853:The website
852:
823:Fedora Linux
807:
803:
788:
768:
755:. Regarding
749:
742:
727:
714:
708:
701:
688:
686:
681:
677:
673:
670:half-rolling
669:
666:semi-rolling
665:
661:
657:
656:. The terms
651:
642:
639:, see below.
585:
557:self-hosting
555:
550:
548:
545:
541:
533:dependencies
522:
509:
507:
488:architecture
484:Gentoo Linux
481:
476:Linux kernel
456:
446:versions of
421:
402:
390:
386:
364:
363:Torvalds's "
358:
341:Linux kernel
335:
322:floppy disks
258:Fedora Linux
243:
231:repositories
223:
215:binary blobs
196:
184:sound server
140:X.org Server
97:
59:and often a
57:Linux kernel
48:
44:
42:
29:
5994:Tivoization
5633:Video games
5608:Mathematics
5329:Linux Voice
5315:Ubuntu User
5268:Full Circle
5255:DistroWatch
5128:Lightweight
5042:Kernel oops
5032:Linux-libre
5027:Linus's law
4811:CyanogenMod
4772:VectorLinux
4574:DoudouLinux
4564:Corel Linux
4430:Source Mage
4199:Sailfish OS
4194:Rocky Linux
4184:Red Star OS
4144:Asahi Linux
4086:SparkyLinux
3895:Bodhi Linux
3867:Ubuntu MATE
3768:EndeavourOS
3660:Android-x86
3518:C. Lohner.
3377:(in French)
3300:January 23,
3090:Linux Today
2783:January 26,
2716:How-To Geek
2521:November 5,
2511:w3techs.org
2178:January 11,
2147:January 11,
2116:October 29,
2085:October 29,
1994:January 15,
1964:January 15,
1786:guesstimate
1709:installed.
1695:Windows key
1681:, Affordy,
1655:PlayStation
1645:installed;
1491:DistroWatch
1210:Puppy Linux
1176:Sailfish OS
1141:Google apps
1125:Chromeboxes
1121:Chromebooks
1106:Android-x86
1100:, its fork
1098:Cyanogenmod
1091:Android OSP
1067:power users
1051:text file.
923:Ubuntu MATE
867:User Agents
859:web traffic
855:DistroWatch
831:Puppy Linux
743:As for the
537:source code
518:web browser
452:source code
444:proprietary
434:computers,
413:Ian Murdock
349:floppy disk
345:source code
306:source code
207:source code
100:init system
6106:Categories
5942:Challenges
5660:Commercial
5643:E-commerce
5628:Television
4954:Comparison
4826:Firefox OS
4714:Vine Linux
4709:Turbolinux
4642:xB Machine
4594:HandyLinux
4579:Dreamlinux
4345:GeckoLinux
4272:ROSA Linux
4222:ChromiumOS
4031:FreedomBox
4026:Endless OS
3930:LXLE Linux
3925:Linux Mint
3920:Linux Lite
3905:EmmabuntĂĽs
3835:Official:
3773:Frugalware
3695:GrapheneOS
3530:August 28,
3503:October 1,
3449:October 1,
3367:Detaxe.org
3060:ubuntu.com
3032:. Debian.
2844:January 6,
2834:asashi.net
2814:January 5,
2481:debian.org
2208:January 5,
2198:debian.org
2075:PC Advisor
1984:centos.org
1933:January 8,
1903:January 5,
1875:References
1749:Statistics
1738:Racketware
1661:, and the
1558:UNetbootin
1514:VirtualBox
1483:VirtualBox
1348:Endless OS
1342:FreedomBox
1320:Kali Linux
1237:without a
1139:and other
1117:ChromiumOS
1040:Arch Linux
949:Linux Mint
843:dyne:bolic
835:SuperGamer
815:Linux Mint
813:, Ubuntu,
551:everything
498:See also:
462:Components
320:5.25-inch
294:Arch Linux
188:PulseAudio
176:KDE Plasma
118:tools and
77:Linux Mint
5872:standards
5870:Types and
5851:Unlicense
5846:Sleepycat
5680:Community
5308:LinuxUser
5274:Linux.com
5166:LinuxChix
4880:Mobilinux
4816:DemoLinux
4729:Slackware
4589:gNewSense
4559:BackTrack
4541:Pinguy OS
4516:Cub Linux
4400:GoboLinux
4282:Slackware
4267:PCLinuxOS
4252:ALT Linux
4139:AlmaLinux
4098:(1.0–2.0)
4061:Parrot OS
3915:Freespire
3763:BlackArch
3725:Replicant
3700:LineageOS
3557:March 11,
2959:April 22,
2928:March 14,
2901:March 14,
2258:LinuxUser
2168:linux.com
2137:linux.com
2106:TechRadar
1587:CrossOver
1579:Emulation
1525:dual-boot
1424:installer
1294:PCLinuxOS
1269:Mythbuntu
1261:KnoppMyth
1102:LineageOS
933:based on
925:based on
917:based on
909:based on
901:based on
697:snapshots
630:usability
405:Slackware
365:Boot-Root
286:Slackware
120:libraries
102:(such as
6091:Category
6008:Related
5889:Copyleft
5809:GNU LGPL
5804:GNU AGPL
5769:Beerware
5764:Artistic
5741:Licenses
5708:Advocacy
5655:iOS apps
5596:Wireless
5591:Graphics
5558:packages
5556:Software
5546:Timeline
5439:Category
5358:The Code
5345:Phoronix
5335:LugRadio
5219:Embedded
5209:Adopters
5201:Adoption
4964:Category
4895:Remix OS
4890:OpenELEC
4838:Floppyfw
4762:Platypux
4599:Libranet
4536:LinuxTLE
4504:Ubuntu:
4482:Antergos
4477:ArchLabs
4328:openSUSE
4300:Salix OS
4244:Mandriva
4227:ChromeOS
4174:Qubes OS
4056:MX Linux
3970:Zorin OS
3950:Trisquel
3910:KDE neon
3837:Edubuntu
3753:ArchBang
3680:DivestOS
3551:Archived
3470:Archived
3443:Archived
3415:cite web
3399:Archived
3370:Archived
3352:July 29,
3346:Archived
3326:July 29,
3320:Archived
3291:Archived
3268:July 29,
3262:Archived
3242:July 29,
3216:June 14,
3210:Archived
3180:Archived
3155:July 29,
3149:Archived
3100:July 10,
3064:Archived
3040:July 29,
3034:Archived
3014:July 23,
2953:Archived
2922:Archived
2874:July 23,
2868:Archived
2838:Archived
2808:Archived
2777:Archived
2689:Archived
2663:Archived
2610:Archived
2515:Archived
2491:July 19,
2485:Archived
2450:July 29,
2444:Archived
2338:Archived
2262:Archived
2228:Archived
2202:Archived
2110:Archived
2079:Archived
2048:Archived
2018:Archived
1988:Archived
1958:Archived
1897:Archived
1796:See also
1770:download
1691:System76
1562:live USB
1542:Ubiquity
1503:WinLinux
1481:such as
1456:Anaconda
1450:firmware
1443:System76
1286:Edubuntu
1281:platform
1184:Amazon's
1113:ChromeOS
1049:PKGBUILD
1022:openSUSE
982:System76
978:American
956:Cinnamon
849:Examples
785:Live USB
734:upstream
626:security
621:packages
510:packages
266:openSUSE
254:netbooks
250:desktops
239:Anaconda
203:binaries
192:PipeWire
51:) is an
6017:Forking
5799:GNU GPL
5693:History
5623:Routing
5586:Drivers
5541:Outline
5489:General
5387:Red Hat
5340:LWN.net
5214:Desktop
5022:History
4848:Immunix
4757:NimbleX
4752:Kongoni
4737:BioSLAX
4674:ClearOS
4652:Red Hat
4521:Gobuntu
4506:Asturix
4405:Guix SD
4363:4MLinux
4310:Zenwalk
4295:Porteus
4154:EulerOS
4096:SteamOS
4091:SolydXK
4051:Knoppix
4046:Kanotix
3965:Wubuntu
3945:Pop! OS
3935:Nova OS
3890:BackBox
3882:Xubuntu
3847:Lubuntu
3842:Kubuntu
3803:SteamOS
3793:Manjaro
3735:OmniROM
3690:Fire OS
3675:ColorOS
3670:Celadon
3665:CalyxOS
3647:Android
3476:May 23,
3176:PCWorld
2804:LWN.net
2721:May 30,
2695:May 18,
2669:May 18,
2642:May 18,
2616:May 18,
2566:May 18,
2334:lwn.net
2014:LWN.net
1893:gnu.org
1643:Solaris
1595:DirectX
1507:coLinux
1354:SteamOS
1290:Karoshi
1243:ÎĽClinux
1230:OpenWrt
1133:Android
1131:. Like
1087:Android
1000:Red Hat
970:Pop!_OS
960:GNOME 2
915:Xubuntu
907:Lubuntu
899:Kubuntu
827:Knoppix
781:Live CD
654:updates
644:needs.
438:on the
383:H.J. Lu
312:History
262:Red Hat
205:and in
144:Wayland
104:systemd
81:servers
69:OpenWrt
6081:Portal
6010:topics
5831:Python
5754:Apache
5703:Events
5603:Health
5576:Codecs
5392:Ubuntu
5229:Mobile
5224:Gaming
4910:Turkix
4831:B2G OS
4747:KateOS
4684:Korora
4669:CentOS
4656:Fedora
4624:Gentoo
4609:Parsix
4546:Sabily
4497:Debian
4487:Chakra
4440:T2 SDE
4368:Alpine
4257:Mageia
4234:Pentoo
4209:Gentoo
4164:Nobara
4131:Fedora
4117:Whonix
4066:PureOS
4036:Kaisen
4016:Devuan
4011:deepin
3828:Ubuntu
3819:Debian
3788:LinHES
3778:Garuda
3710:One UI
3128:May 3,
2982:
2271:May 4,
1742:DGCCRF
1687:Pine64
1683:Purism
1671:Lenovo
1552:Debian
1537:Ubuntu
1518:VMware
1464:Fedora
1410:Debian
1340:, and
1334:Whonix
1214:Slitaz
1063:Gentoo
974:Ubuntu
935:Budgie
885:Ubuntu
879:Debian
769:chosen
442:, and
436:Mac OS
417:Debian
302:Gentoo
290:Gentoo
282:Debian
274:Ubuntu
272:) and
164:Mutter
108:OpenRC
71:) and
49:distro
37:Ubuntu
5856:WTFPL
5566:Audio
5248:Media
5053:more…
5006:Linux
4885:Nitix
4868:MeeGo
4853:Jurix
4799:Other
4435:Solus
4425:Puppy
4420:NixOS
4410:KaiOS
4393:Kwort
4373:CHAOS
4356:Other
4107:Tizen
4102:Tails
4021:Elive
3991:Astra
3986:antiX
3979:Other
3758:Artix
3602:ZDNet
3294:(PDF)
3287:(PDF)
2657:Rev.
2265:(PDF)
2254:(PDF)
1848:Notes
1714:NSLU2
1639:SPARC
1637:sold
1631:macOS
1623:Apple
1591:Win32
1575:Steam
1338:Qubes
1330:Tails
1180:KaiOS
1168:Tizen
1161:glibc
986:GNOME
962:fork
895:GNOME
819:MEPIS
182:), a
178:, or
172:GNOME
166:), a
160:GNOME
158:, or
128:getty
112:runit
110:, or
79:) to
5861:zlib
5784:CDDL
5759:APSL
4932:List
4782:SUSE
4469:Arch
4450:Void
4415:KaOS
4388:CRUX
4320:SUSE
4305:Slax
4081:Slax
4076:Q4OS
4041:Kali
3960:Uruk
3745:Arch
3705:MIUI
3685:EMUI
3590:and
3559:2020
3532:2019
3505:2011
3478:2008
3451:2011
3421:link
3407:2020
3354:2011
3328:2011
3302:2012
3270:2011
3244:2011
3218:2017
3188:2015
3157:2011
3130:2023
3102:2016
3072:2021
3042:2011
3016:2018
2980:ISBN
2961:2013
2930:2013
2903:2013
2876:2018
2846:2015
2816:2015
2785:2012
2759:2011
2723:2023
2697:2019
2671:2019
2644:2019
2618:2019
2568:2019
2523:2016
2493:2014
2452:2011
2346:2018
2273:2013
2236:2020
2210:2015
2180:2015
2149:2015
2118:2015
2087:2015
2056:2020
2026:2015
1996:2015
1966:2015
1935:2015
1905:2015
1730:AFUL
1718:TiVo
1689:and
1679:Dell
1651:Xbox
1585:and
1583:Wine
1485:and
1441:and
1439:Dell
1364:The
1322:and
1314:and
1288:and
1265:Kodi
1212:and
1182:and
1155:and
1127:and
1042:, a
1026:SUSE
964:MATE
958:and
953:fork
927:MATE
919:XFCE
911:LXQT
841:and
821:and
811:SUSE
783:and
763:and
680:and
668:and
660:and
580:and
502:and
448:Unix
426:and
385:'s "
292:and
270:SUSE
237:and
180:Xfce
156:KWin
148:Sway
132:Mesa
5826:MPL
5821:MIT
5816:ISC
5789:EPL
5774:BSD
5749:AFL
5047:Tux
4873:Mer
4526:gOS
4112:UOS
3655:/e/
1762:PCs
1659:Wii
1627:Mac
1625:'s
1593:or
1516:or
1505:or
1374:ABI
1172:Mer
903:KDE
793:or
719:bug
672:),
617:or
514:PNG
424:DOS
353:GNU
264:),
162:'s
154:'s
152:KDE
116:GNU
114:),
95:).
6108::
3600:,
3549:.
3468:.
3429:^
3417:}}
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2166:.
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2042:.
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1633:;
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706:.
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174:,
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124:IP
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5460:v
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4991:t
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