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Lipman Bers

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1987: 389:, by which Nazi Germany annexed part of Czechoslovakia. He and his wife Mary had a daughter in Paris. They were unable to obtain a visa there to emigrate to the US, as the Latvian quota had filled, so they escaped to the south of France ten days before the fall of Paris, and eventually obtained an emergency US visa in Marseilles, one of a group of 10,000 visas set aside for political refugees by 648:. Approximately a third of Bers' doctoral students were women, a high proportion for mathematics. Having felt neglected by his own advisor, Bers met regularly for meals with his students and former students, maintained a keen interest in their personal lives as well as their professional accomplishments, and kept up a friendly competition with 385:, who would eventually become his thesis advisor. In Prague, he lived with an aunt, and married his wife Mary (née Kagan) whom he had met in elementary school and who had followed him from Riga. Having applied for postdoctoral studies in Paris, he was given a visa to go to France soon after the 603:
may be mapped to a pair of Riemann surfaces by taking the quotient by the group of one of the two connected components of the complement of the group's limit set; fixing the image of one of these two maps leads to a subset of the space of Kleinian groups called a
2695: 366:, where he became active in socialist politics, including giving political speeches and working for an underground newspaper. In the aftermath of the Latvian coup in 1934 by right-wing leader 420:(1964–1982), where he became the Davies Professor of Mathematics, and where he chaired the mathematics department from 1972 to 1975. His move to NYU coincided with a move of his family to 362:
for a year, but had to return to Riga again because of the difficulty of transferring money from Latvia in the international financial crisis of the time. He continued his studies at the
2705: 350:. In Riga, his mother was the principal of a Jewish elementary school, and his father became the principal of a Jewish high school, both of which Bers attended, with an interlude in 2690: 680:, later said that "His experiences in Europe motivated his activism in the human rights movement," and Bers himself attributed his interest in human rights to the legacy of 569:
Bers' work on the parameterization of Teichmüller space led him in the 1960s to consider the boundary of the parameterized space, whose points corresponded to new types of
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Later, beginning with his visit to the Institute for Advanced Study, Bers "began a ten-year odyssey that took him from pseudoanalytic functions and elliptic equations to
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and on integral representations. After first moving to the US, while working for YIVO, he researched Yiddish mathematics textbooks rather than pure mathematics.
608:. In 1970, Bers conjectured that the singly degenerate Kleinian surface groups can be found on the boundary of a Bers slice; this statement, known as the 725: 558:
of Bers. In the late 1950s, by way of adding a coda to his earlier work, Bers wrote several major retrospectives of flows, pseudoanalytic functions,
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associated with subsonic flows. Another of his major results in this time concerned the singularities of the partial differential equations defining
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Reviewed Work: Calculus by Lipman Bers, Review by: W. H. Fleming, The American Mathematical Monthly Vol. 77, No. 2 (Feb. 1970), pp. 200-201:
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from 1969 to 1971, chaired the U.S. National Committee on Mathematics from 1977 to 1981, and chaired the Mathematics Section of the
2019: 1759: 499: 1492: 433: 1737: 733: 487: 863: 823: 721: 692:, and beginning in the 1970s worked to allow the emigration of dissident Soviet mathematicians including Yuri Shikhanovich, 498:, showing that any isolated singularity of a pencil of minimal surfaces can be removed; he spoke on this result at the 1950 2685: 2680: 2675: 752: 546:
of a given genus. During this period he also coined the popular phrasing of a question on eigenvalues of planar domains, "
139: 127: 566:. In 1958, he presented his work on Riemann surfaces in a second talk at the International Congress of Mathematicians. 131: 597:
and 3-manifold volume, and in this period Bers himself also studied the continuous symmetries of hyperbolic 3-space.
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As a small child with his mother in Saint Petersburg, Bers had cheered the Russian Revolution and the rise of the
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for mathematical exposition in 1975 for his paper "Uniformization, moduli, and Kleinian groups". In 1986, the
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Bers was born in Riga, then under the rule of the Russian Czars, and spent several years as a child in
119: 2710: 594: 563: 559: 486:. Through the 1940s and 1950s he continued to develop this theory, and to use it to study the planar 1497: 1395:"Quasiconformal mappings with applications to differential equations, function theory and topology" 1997: 370:, Bers was targeted for arrest but fled the country, first to Estonia and then to Czechoslovakia. 2504: 2076: 2044: 2005: 609: 483: 323: 135: 1905: 397:
and become a psychoanalyst, married to thespian Beno Tumarin. At this time, Bers worked for the
2159: 1558: 512: 444: 424:, where he joined a small community of émigré mathematicians. He was a visiting scholar at the 421: 66: 48: 1487: 796:
Bers, Lipman (1976), Calculus, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, (in collaboration with Frank Karal)
664:, but by the late 1930s he had become disillusioned with communism after the assassination of 346:; his family returned to Riga in approximately 1919, by which time it was part of independent 2670: 2381: 2373: 2325: 2218: 2202: 2143: 1764: 744: 613: 504: 288: 164: 516: 474:, and in particular on the two-dimensional subsonic flows associated with cross-sections of 2720: 2715: 2333: 2151: 1455: 1420: 1385: 1350: 1310: 1275: 1240: 1205: 1170: 1135: 1095: 1028: 975: 954: 919: 873: 833: 781: 600: 586: 532: 359: 92: 652:
over who could bring to larger number of academic descendants to mathematical gatherings.
536: 408:, where he was joined by Loewner. After the war, Bers found an assistant professorship at 8: 2226: 2135: 2111: 2060: 1483: 701: 464: 417: 413: 409: 273: 213: 205: 201: 1807: 1760:"Realising end invariants by limits of minimally parabolic, geometrically finite groups" 1032: 979: 849: 809: 2234: 2175: 1885: 1852: 1799: 1773: 1669: 1051: 1016: 998: 963: 555: 363: 100: 96: 1196: 1179: 1126: 1109: 1086: 1069: 910: 893: 2448: 2405: 2349: 2274: 2258: 2242: 2119: 1791: 1056: 1003: 859: 819: 641: 390: 268: 243: 1955: 1803: 1743: 1532:, Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academies Press 1446: 1429: 1411: 1394: 1376: 1359: 1341: 1324: 1301: 1284: 1266: 1249: 1231: 1214: 1161: 1144: 945: 928: 367: 2579: 2464: 2357: 2317: 2250: 2052: 1950: 1783: 1441: 1406: 1371: 1336: 1296: 1261: 1226: 1191: 1156: 1121: 1081: 1046: 1036: 993: 983: 940: 905: 755:
held a symposium to honor Bers' accomplishments in mentoring women mathematicians.
697: 629: 625: 590: 589:, an area bound for hyperbolic surfaces that became a two-dimensional precursor to 460: 405: 386: 343: 307: 238: 220: 209: 82: 70: 2127: 1709: 2397: 2298: 1840: 1451: 1416: 1381: 1346: 1318: 1306: 1271: 1236: 1201: 1166: 1131: 1091: 950: 915: 869: 829: 777: 771: 693: 543: 491: 382: 327: 283: 263: 225: 1017:"Partial Differential Equations and Generalized Analytic Functions: Second Note" 2547: 2456: 2365: 2341: 1930: 1562: 1527: 845: 805: 708:
and southeast Asia, and the maintenance of the U.S. nuclear arsenal during the
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in 1949–51. He was a Vice-President (1963–65) and a President (1975–77) of the
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The Mathematics Genealogy database lists 53, but other sources count only 48.
1795: 1070:"Boundary value problems for minimal surfaces with singularities at infinity" 685: 645: 540: 394: 378: 315: 278: 2619: 2512: 2167: 2103: 1787: 1688: 1623: 1103: 1060: 1007: 665: 661: 649: 581:, previously developed for applications in number theory and the theory of 528: 524: 988: 776:, Institute for Mathematics and Mechanics, New York University, New York, 2611: 2587: 2563: 2290: 2095: 1041: 887: 705: 677: 673: 612:, was finally proven by Namazi, Souto, and Ohshika in 2010 and 2011. The 479: 191: 153: 562:, Riemann surface theory prior to his work on moduli, and the theory of 404:
Bers spent World War II teaching mathematics as a research associate at
2539: 2432: 1970: 1519: 637: 605: 253: 123: 2627: 2603: 2440: 1873: 1778: 1523: 841: 801: 681: 633: 582: 248: 2027: 964:"Partial Differential Equations and Generalized Analytic Functions" 894:"On a class of functions defined by partial differential equations" 709: 704:. Within the U.S., he also opposed the American involvement in the 551: 2696:
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
393:. The Bers family rejoined Bers' mother, who had by then moved to 354:
while his mother, by then separated from his father, attended the
1986: 475: 1739:
Non-realizability, ending laminations and the density conjecture
669: 448: 351: 347: 1180:"On a theorem of Mori and the definition of quasiconformality" 1937:
Mathematical aspects of subsonic and transonic gas dynamics
1430:"Finite dimensional Teichmüller spaces and generalizations" 790:
Mathematical aspects of subsonic and transonic gas dynamics
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gave him their Human Rights Award. In the early 1980s, the
398: 334:. He was also known for his work in human rights activism. 319: 44: 314:; May 22, 1914 – October 29, 1993) was a Latvian-American 2706:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
104: 432:, chaired the Division of Mathematical Sciences of the 1556: 1145:"An outline of the theory of pseudoanalytic functions" 554:
in 1966 and finally answered negatively in 1992 by an
1110:"The expansion theorem for pseudo-analytic functions" 2691:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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on what would eventually develop into the theory of
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
1285:"Holomorphic differentials as functions of moduli" 688:. He founded the Committee on Human Rights of the 1481: 381:, but when Carnap moved to the US he switched to 2642: 616:of Teichmüller space also dates to this period. 2726:Presidents of the American Mathematical Society 1929: 1250:"Spaces of Riemann surfaces as bounded domains" 628:approximately 50 doctoral students, among them 2701:Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars 1599:"Lipman Bers, 79, Human Rights Activist, Dies" 1322: 2013: 1325:"Holomorphic convexity of Teichmüller spaces" 1835: 1833: 1529:Lipman Bers, May 22, 1914 — October 29, 1993 496:Riemann's theorem on removable singularities 1871: 1735: 891: 2020: 2006: 1655: 1569:, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, pp. 2–21 1477: 1475: 1473: 1360:"On spaces of Riemann surfaces with nodes" 720:In 1961, Bers was elected a Fellow of the 470:At Brown, he began working on problems of 459:Bers' doctoral work was on the subject of 377:. He had begun his studies in Prague with 18:Latvian-American mathematician (1914–1993) 1954: 1839: 1830: 1777: 1703: 1701: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1619: 1617: 1445: 1410: 1375: 1340: 1300: 1265: 1230: 1195: 1160: 1125: 1107: 1085: 1050: 1040: 997: 987: 944: 909: 373:Bers received his Ph.D. in 1938 from the 358:. After high school, Bers studied at the 724:, and in 1965 he became a Fellow of the 655: 500:International Congress of Mathematicians 454: 1911:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1906:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B" 1878:"On the social activism of Lipman Bers" 1757: 1659: 1493:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive 1470: 1323:Bers, Lipman; Ehrenpreis, Leon (1964). 488:elliptic partial differential equations 478:. At this time, he began his work with 434:United States National Research Council 2661:Latvian emigrants to the United States 2643: 1698: 1632: 1614: 2001: 1736:Namazi, Hossein; Souto, Juan (2010), 1593: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1506: 851:Selected works of Lipman Bers. Part 2 811:Selected works of Lipman Bers. Part 1 722:American Academy of Arts and Sciences 443:Late in his life, Bers suffered from 2741:Mathematicians from New York (state) 2651:20th-century American mathematicians 1971:https://www.jstor.org/stable/2317353 1898: 1427: 1392: 1357: 1282: 1247: 1212: 1177: 1142: 1108:Agmon, Shmuel; Bers, Lipman (1952). 1067: 1014: 961: 926: 880: 839: 799: 787: 769: 753:Association for Women in Mathematics 715: 624:Over the course of his career, Bers 585:, to Kleinian groups. He proved the 2656:20th-century Latvian mathematicians 1518: 892:Bers, Lipman; Gelbart, Abe (1944). 773:Theory of pseudo-analytic functions 539:, each point of which represents a 140:Simultaneous uniformization theorem 128:Density theorem for Kleinian groups 13: 2731:People from New Rochelle, New York 1574: 1537: 1503: 132:Measurable Riemann mapping theorem 14: 2752: 1979: 1660:Abikoff, William (January 1995), 1197:10.1090/s0002-9947-1957-0083025-7 1127:10.1090/s0002-9939-1952-0057349-4 1087:10.1090/s0002-9947-1951-0043337-4 911:10.1090/s0002-9947-1944-0010910-5 792:, New York: John Wiley & Sons 732:in 1964. He was a member of the 575:singly-degenerate Kleinian groups 548:Can one hear the shape of a drum? 1985: 929:"On rings of analytic functions" 1963: 1956:10.1090/s0002-9904-1961-10602-2 1923: 1865: 1821: 1751: 1708:"43. Lipman Bers (1914–1993)", 1447:10.1090/s0273-0979-1981-14933-8 1412:10.1090/s0002-9904-1977-14390-5 1377:10.1090/s0002-9904-1974-13686-4 1342:10.1090/s0002-9904-1964-11230-1 1302:10.1090/s0002-9904-1961-10569-7 1267:10.1090/s0002-9904-1960-10415-6 1232:10.1090/s0002-9904-1960-10413-2 1162:10.1090/s0002-9904-1956-10037-2 946:10.1090/s0002-9904-1948-08992-3 758: 550:", used as an article title by 463:. While in Paris, he worked on 451:. He died on October 29, 1993. 356:Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute 1729: 1682: 1565:, eds. (1990), "Lipman Bers", 738:American Philosophical Society 494:. Bers proved an extension of 412:(1945–1951), before moving to 1: 2030:American Mathematical Society 1716:American Mathematical Society 1689:Community of Scholars Profile 1628:Mathematics Genealogy Project 1463: 1434:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 1215:"Simultaneous uniformization" 856:American Mathematical Society 816:American Mathematical Society 595:geometrization of 3-manifolds 430:American Mathematical Society 1693:Institute for Advanced Study 749:New York Academy of Sciences 730:National Academy of Sciences 702:David and Gregory Chudnovsky 690:National Academy of Sciences 438:National Academy of Sciences 426:Institute for Advanced Study 337: 322:, who created the theory of 7: 2686:Syracuse University faculty 2681:Columbia University faculty 2676:New York University faculty 1883:, Remembering Lipman Bers, 1850:, Remembering Lipman Bers, 1695:, retrieved March 30, 2013. 1667:, Remembering Lipman Bers, 734:Finnish Academy of Sciences 619: 144:Universal Teichmüller space 10: 2757: 2283:Theophil Henry Hildebrandt 1758:Ohshika, Ken'ichi (2011), 1711:AMS Presidents: A Timeline 1603:Columbia University Record 962:Bers, L. (February 1950). 573:, eventually to be called 2531: 2416: 2309: 2194: 2087: 2036: 1015:Bers, L. (January 1951). 564:several complex variables 401:Yiddish research agency. 297: 231: 219: 197: 187: 180: 160: 149: 111: 88: 78: 55: 30: 23: 1567:More Mathematical People 1498:University of St Andrews 1021:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 968:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 763: 535:parameterization of the 484:pseudoanalytic functions 324:pseudoanalytic functions 2505:Cathleen Synge Morawetz 2077:Robert Simpson Woodward 2045:John Howard Van Amringe 1845:"Lipman Bers as mentor" 1609:(10), November 12, 1993 1559:Alexanderson, Gerald L. 610:Bers density conjecture 513:quasiconformal mappings 136:Pseudoanalytic function 2160:Leonard Eugene Dickson 1990:Quotations related to 1935:"Review: Lipman Bers, 1788:10.2140/gt.2011.15.827 1184:Trans. Amer. Math. Soc 1074:Trans. Amer. Math. Soc 898:Trans. Amer. Math. Soc 422:New Rochelle, New York 49:Governorate of Livonia 2736:Mathematical analysts 2382:Charles B. Morrey Jr. 2374:Abraham Adrian Albert 2326:Gordon Thomas Whyburn 2219:Earle Raymond Hedrick 2203:George David Birkhoff 2144:Edward Burr Van Vleck 1943:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc 1765:Geometry and Topology 1428:Bers, Lipman (1981). 1399:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc 1393:Bers, Lipman (1977). 1364:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc 1358:Bers, Lipman (1974). 1329:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc 1289:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc 1283:Bers, Lipman (1961). 1254:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc 1248:Bers, Lipman (1960). 1219:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc 1213:Bers, Lipman (1960). 1178:Bers, Lipman (1957). 1149:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc 1143:Bers, Lipman (1956). 1114:Proc. Amer. Math. Soc 1068:Bers, Lipman (1951). 989:10.1073/pnas.36.2.130 933:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc 927:Bers, Lipman (1948). 840:Bers, Lipman (1998), 800:Bers, Lipman (1998), 788:Bers, Lipman (1958), 770:Bers, Lipman (1953), 745:Leroy P. Steele Prize 656:Human rights activism 614:Bers compactification 601:Quasi-Fuchsian groups 505:Annals of Mathematics 455:Mathematical research 416:(1951–1964) and then 289:Raymond O. Wells, Jr. 172:Guggenheim Fellowship 165:Leroy P. Steele Prize 116:Bers compactification 2666:Scientists from Riga 2334:Raymond Louis Wilder 2152:Ernest William Brown 1484:Robertson, Edmund F. 1042:10.1073/pnas.37.1.42 854:, Providence, R.I.: 814:, Providence, R.I.: 587:Bers area inequality 502:and published it in 375:University of Prague 360:University of Zurich 120:Bers area inequality 101:University of Prague 93:University of Zurich 2227:Luther P. Eisenhart 2136:Henry Burchard Fine 2112:William Fogg Osgood 2061:George William Hill 1557:Albers, Donald J.; 1482:O'Connor, John J.; 1033:1951PNAS...37...42B 980:1950PNAS...36..130B 740:. He received the 560:fixed point methods 556:academic descendant 445:Parkinson's disease 440:from 1967 to 1970. 418:Columbia University 414:New York University 410:Syracuse University 214:Syracuse University 206:Columbia University 202:New York University 2235:Arthur Byron Coble 2176:Gilbert Ames Bliss 2028:Presidents of the 1886:Notices of the AMS 1853:Notices of the AMS 1670:Notices of the AMS 579:Eichler cohomology 517:Teichmüller theory 364:University of Riga 97:University of Riga 2638: 2637: 2449:Andrew M. Gleason 2406:Saunders Mac Lane 2350:Edward J. McShane 2275:Marshall H. Stone 2259:Griffith C. Evans 2243:Solomon Lefschetz 2120:Henry Seely White 1872:Corillon, Carol; 881:Selected articles 865:978-0-8218-0997-6 825:978-0-8218-0996-9 716:Awards and honors 642:Murray H. Protter 537:Teichmüller space 527:, he solved the " 391:Eleanor Roosevelt 301: 300: 269:Murray H. Protter 244:Jane Piore Gilman 232:Doctoral students 182:Scientific career 176: 169: 2748: 2711:Complex analysts 2631: 2623: 2615: 2607: 2599: 2591: 2583: 2580:Eric Friedlander 2575: 2567: 2559: 2551: 2543: 2524: 2516: 2508: 2500: 2492: 2484: 2476: 2468: 2465:Irving Kaplansky 2460: 2452: 2444: 2436: 2428: 2409: 2401: 2393: 2385: 2377: 2369: 2361: 2358:Deane Montgomery 2353: 2345: 2337: 2329: 2321: 2318:John von Neumann 2302: 2294: 2286: 2278: 2270: 2262: 2254: 2251:Robert Lee Moore 2246: 2238: 2230: 2222: 2214: 2206: 2187: 2179: 2171: 2163: 2155: 2147: 2139: 2131: 2123: 2115: 2107: 2099: 2080: 2072: 2064: 2056: 2053:Emory McClintock 2048: 2022: 2015: 2008: 1999: 1998: 1989: 1973: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1927: 1921: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1910: 1902: 1896: 1894: 1882: 1876:(January 1995), 1869: 1863: 1861: 1849: 1843:(January 1995), 1841:Weinstein, Tilla 1837: 1828: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1806:, archived from 1781: 1755: 1749: 1747: 1746:on July 15, 2009 1742:, archived from 1733: 1727: 1725: 1724: 1722: 1705: 1696: 1686: 1680: 1678: 1666: 1657: 1630: 1621: 1612: 1610: 1595: 1572: 1570: 1554: 1535: 1533: 1516: 1501: 1500: 1479: 1459: 1449: 1424: 1414: 1405:(6): 1083–1100. 1389: 1379: 1370:(6): 1219–1222. 1354: 1344: 1314: 1304: 1279: 1269: 1244: 1234: 1209: 1199: 1174: 1164: 1139: 1129: 1099: 1089: 1064: 1054: 1044: 1011: 1001: 991: 958: 948: 923: 913: 876: 836: 793: 784: 728:. He joined the 698:Valentin Turchin 630:Enrico Arbarello 591:William Thurston 531:", of finding a 492:minimal surfaces 465:Green's function 461:potential theory 406:Brown University 387:Munich Agreement 344:Saint Petersburg 328:Riemann surfaces 239:Enrico Arbarello 221:Doctoral advisor 210:Brown University 174: 167: 83:Latvian American 62: 59:October 29, 1993 40: 38: 21: 20: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2746: 2745: 2641: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2626: 2618: 2610: 2602: 2594: 2586: 2578: 2570: 2562: 2554: 2546: 2538: 2527: 2519: 2511: 2503: 2495: 2487: 2481:William Browder 2479: 2471: 2463: 2455: 2447: 2439: 2431: 2423: 2412: 2404: 2398:Nathan Jacobson 2396: 2388: 2380: 2372: 2364: 2356: 2348: 2340: 2332: 2324: 2316: 2305: 2299:Joseph L. Walsh 2297: 2289: 2281: 2273: 2265: 2257: 2249: 2241: 2233: 2225: 2217: 2209: 2201: 2190: 2182: 2174: 2166: 2158: 2150: 2142: 2134: 2126: 2118: 2110: 2102: 2094: 2083: 2075: 2067: 2059: 2051: 2043: 2032: 2026: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1968: 1964: 1931:Bergman, Stefan 1928: 1924: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1903: 1899: 1880: 1870: 1866: 1847: 1838: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1813: 1811: 1810:on May 25, 2014 1756: 1752: 1734: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1707: 1706: 1699: 1687: 1683: 1664: 1658: 1633: 1622: 1615: 1597: 1596: 1575: 1563:Reid, Constance 1555: 1538: 1517: 1504: 1480: 1471: 1466: 1319:Leon Ehrenpreis 883: 866: 846:Maskit, Bernard 826: 806:Maskit, Bernard 766: 761: 718: 694:Leonid Plyushch 658: 622: 571:Kleinian groups 544:Riemann surface 521:Kleinian groups 457: 383:Charles Loewner 340: 332:Kleinian groups 293: 284:Tilla Weinstein 264:Alexander Nagel 226:Charles Loewner 212: 208: 204: 170: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 99: 95: 89:Alma mater 74: 64: 60: 51: 42: 36: 34: 26: 19: 12: 11: 5: 2754: 2744: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2632: 2624: 2616: 2608: 2600: 2592: 2584: 2576: 2572:George Andrews 2568: 2560: 2552: 2548:David Eisenbud 2544: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2525: 2517: 2509: 2501: 2493: 2485: 2477: 2469: 2461: 2457:Julia Robinson 2453: 2445: 2437: 2429: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2410: 2402: 2394: 2386: 2378: 2370: 2366:Joseph L. Doob 2362: 2354: 2346: 2342:Richard Brauer 2338: 2330: 2322: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2304: 2303: 2295: 2287: 2279: 2271: 2263: 2255: 2247: 2239: 2231: 2223: 2215: 2207: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2188: 2180: 2172: 2164: 2156: 2148: 2140: 2132: 2124: 2116: 2108: 2100: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2081: 2073: 2065: 2057: 2049: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2033: 2025: 2024: 2017: 2010: 2002: 1996: 1995: 1981: 1980:External links 1978: 1975: 1974: 1962: 1949:(4): 337–339. 1922: 1897: 1864: 1829: 1820: 1772:(2): 827–890, 1750: 1728: 1697: 1681: 1631: 1613: 1573: 1536: 1502: 1468: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1440:(2): 131–172. 1425: 1390: 1355: 1335:(6): 761–764. 1315: 1295:(2): 206–210. 1280: 1245: 1210: 1175: 1155:(4): 291–331. 1140: 1120:(5): 757–764. 1100: 1080:(3): 465–491. 1065: 1012: 974:(2): 130–136. 959: 939:(4): 311–315. 924: 882: 879: 878: 877: 864: 837: 824: 797: 794: 785: 765: 762: 760: 757: 717: 714: 657: 654: 621: 618: 529:moduli problem 472:fluid dynamics 456: 453: 368:Kārlis Ulmanis 339: 336: 326:and worked on 299: 298: 295: 294: 292: 291: 286: 281: 276: 274:Rubí Rodríguez 271: 266: 261: 259:Bernard Maskit 256: 251: 246: 241: 235: 233: 229: 228: 223: 217: 216: 199: 195: 194: 189: 185: 184: 178: 177: 162: 158: 157: 151: 147: 146: 113: 112:Known for 109: 108: 90: 86: 85: 80: 76: 75: 65: 63:(aged 79) 57: 53: 52: 43: 32: 28: 27: 24: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2753: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2596:Robert Bryant 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2522: 2521:Felix Browder 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2497:Ronald Graham 2494: 2490: 2489:Michael Artin 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2473:George Mostow 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2390:Oscar Zariski 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2267:Marston Morse 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2211:Virgil Snyder 2208: 2204: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2185: 2184:Oswald Veblen 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2128:Maxime Bôcher 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2069:Simon Newcomb 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2023: 2018: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2004: 2003: 2000: 1993: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1972: 1966: 1957: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1907: 1901: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1879: 1875: 1868: 1859: 1855: 1854: 1846: 1842: 1836: 1834: 1824: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1754: 1745: 1741: 1740: 1732: 1717: 1713: 1712: 1704: 1702: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1676: 1672: 1671: 1663: 1662:"Lipman Bers" 1656: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1618: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1531: 1530: 1525: 1521: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1488:"Lipman Bers" 1485: 1478: 1476: 1474: 1469: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1260:(2): 98–103. 1259: 1255: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 960: 956: 952: 947: 942: 938: 934: 930: 925: 921: 917: 912: 907: 903: 899: 895: 889: 885: 884: 875: 871: 867: 861: 857: 853: 852: 847: 843: 838: 835: 831: 827: 821: 817: 813: 812: 807: 803: 798: 795: 791: 786: 783: 779: 775: 774: 768: 767: 756: 754: 750: 746: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 713: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 686:Julius Martov 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 653: 651: 647: 646:Lesley Sibner 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 617: 615: 611: 607: 602: 598: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 577:. He applied 576: 572: 567: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 509: 507: 506: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 468: 466: 462: 452: 450: 446: 441: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 402: 400: 396: 395:New York City 392: 388: 384: 380: 379:Rudolf Carnap 376: 371: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 335: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 316:mathematician 313: 312:Lipmans Berss 309: 305: 296: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 279:Lesley Sibner 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 236: 234: 230: 227: 224: 222: 218: 215: 211: 207: 203: 200: 196: 193: 190: 186: 183: 179: 173: 166: 163: 159: 155: 152: 148: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 91: 87: 84: 81: 77: 72: 68: 58: 54: 50: 46: 33: 29: 22: 16: 2671:Latvian Jews 2620:Ruth Charney 2556:James Arthur 2513:Arthur Jaffe 2424: 2168:Frank Morley 2104:Thomas Fiske 1994:at Wikiquote 1965: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1925: 1913:. Retrieved 1900: 1890: 1884: 1867: 1857: 1851: 1823: 1812:, retrieved 1808:the original 1779:math/0504546 1769: 1763: 1753: 1744:the original 1738: 1731: 1719:, retrieved 1710: 1684: 1674: 1668: 1606: 1602: 1566: 1528: 1491: 1437: 1433: 1402: 1398: 1367: 1363: 1332: 1328: 1292: 1288: 1257: 1253: 1225:(2): 94–97. 1222: 1218: 1187: 1183: 1152: 1148: 1117: 1113: 1104:Shmuel Agmon 1077: 1073: 1027:(1): 42–47. 1024: 1020: 971: 967: 936: 932: 901: 897: 850: 810: 789: 772: 759:Publications 719: 666:Sergey Kirov 662:Soviet Union 659: 650:Lars Ahlfors 623: 599: 568: 525:Lars Ahlfors 510: 503: 469: 458: 442: 403: 372: 341: 311: 303: 302: 198:Institutions 181: 67:New Rochelle 61:(1993-10-29) 41:May 22, 1914 15: 2721:1993 deaths 2716:1914 births 2630:(2023–2024) 2622:(2021–2022) 2614:(2019–2020) 2612:Jill Pipher 2606:(2017–2018) 2598:(2015–2016) 2590:(2013–2014) 2588:David Vogan 2582:(2011–2012) 2574:(2009–2010) 2566:(2007–2008) 2564:James Glimm 2558:(2005–2006) 2550:(2003–2004) 2542:(2001–2002) 2523:(1999–2000) 2515:(1997–1998) 2507:(1995–1996) 2499:(1993–1994) 2491:(1991–1992) 2483:(1989–1990) 2475:(1987–1988) 2467:(1985–1986) 2459:(1983–1984) 2451:(1981–1982) 2443:(1979–1980) 2435:(1977–1978) 2427:(1975–1976) 2425:Lipman Bers 2408:(1973–1974) 2400:(1971–1972) 2392:(1969–1970) 2384:(1967–1968) 2376:(1965–1966) 2368:(1963–1964) 2360:(1961–1962) 2352:(1959–1960) 2344:(1957–1958) 2336:(1955–1956) 2328:(1953–1954) 2320:(1951–1952) 2301:(1949–1950) 2293:(1947–1948) 2291:Einar Hille 2285:(1945–1946) 2277:(1943–1944) 2269:(1941–1942) 2261:(1939–1940) 2253:(1937–1938) 2245:(1935–1936) 2237:(1933–1934) 2229:(1931–1932) 2221:(1929–1930) 2213:(1927–1928) 2205:(1925–1926) 2186:(1923–1924) 2178:(1921–1922) 2170:(1919–1920) 2162:(1917–1918) 2154:(1915–1916) 2146:(1913–1914) 2138:(1911–1912) 2130:(1909–1910) 2122:(1907–1908) 2114:(1905–1906) 2106:(1903–1904) 2098:(1901–1902) 2096:E. H. Moore 2079:(1899–1900) 2071:(1897–1898) 2063:(1895–1896) 2055:(1891–1894) 2047:(1888–1890) 1992:Lipman Bers 1624:Lipman Bers 1520:Bass, Hyman 888:Abe Gelbart 706:Vietnam War 678:Victor Bers 676:. His son, 672:'s ensuing 593:'s work on 533:holomorphic 480:Abe Gelbart 304:Lipman Bers 192:Mathematics 154:Victor Bers 79:Nationality 25:Lipman Bers 2645:Categories 2540:Hyman Bass 2433:R. H. Bing 1893:(1): 18–22 1874:Kra, Irwin 1860:(1): 22–23 1524:Kra, Irwin 1464:References 842:Kra, Irwin 802:Kra, Irwin 736:, and the 638:Linda Keen 606:Bers slice 583:Lie groups 318:, born in 254:Linda Keen 124:Bers slice 37:1914-05-22 2628:Bryna Kra 2604:Ken Ribet 2532:2001–2024 2441:Peter Lax 2417:1975–2000 2310:1951–1974 2195:1925–1950 2088:1901–1924 2037:1888–1900 1814:March 31, 1796:1364-0380 1721:March 30, 1677:(1): 8–18 1190:: 78–84. 904:: 67–93. 682:Menshevik 634:Irwin Kra 338:Biography 249:Irwin Kra 1933:(1961). 1915:June 24, 1804:14463721 1061:16588987 1008:16588958 848:(eds.), 808:(eds.), 710:Cold War 620:Advising 552:Mark Kac 523:". With 476:airfoils 150:Children 71:New York 1626:at the 1456:0621883 1421:0463433 1386:0361165 1351:0168800 1311:0122989 1276:0111835 1241:0111834 1206:0083025 1171:0081936 1136:0057349 1096:0043337 1052:1063297 1029:Bibcode 999:1063147 976:Bibcode 955:0024970 920:0010910 874:1643469 834:1643465 782:0057347 684:leader 626:advised 541:compact 449:strokes 308:Latvian 1802:  1794:  1454:  1419:  1384:  1349:  1309:  1274:  1239:  1204:  1169:  1134:  1094:  1059:  1049:  1006:  996:  953:  918:  872:  862:  832:  822:  780:  700:, and 674:purges 670:Stalin 644:, and 519:, and 352:Berlin 348:Latvia 188:Fields 175:(1975) 168:(1975) 161:Awards 73:, U.S. 1909:(PDF) 1881:(PDF) 1848:(PDF) 1800:S2CID 1774:arXiv 1665:(PDF) 1317:with 1102:with 886:with 764:Books 156:(son) 1917:2011 1816:2013 1792:ISSN 1723:2013 1057:PMID 1004:PMID 860:ISBN 820:ISBN 668:and 447:and 399:YIVO 330:and 320:Riga 56:Died 45:Riga 31:Born 1951:doi 1784:doi 1442:doi 1407:doi 1372:doi 1337:doi 1297:doi 1262:doi 1227:doi 1192:doi 1157:doi 1122:doi 1082:doi 1047:PMC 1037:doi 994:PMC 984:doi 941:doi 906:doi 742:AMS 105:PhD 2647:: 1947:67 1945:. 1941:. 1891:42 1889:, 1858:42 1856:, 1832:^ 1798:, 1790:, 1782:, 1770:15 1768:, 1762:, 1714:, 1700:^ 1691:, 1675:42 1673:, 1634:^ 1616:^ 1607:19 1605:, 1601:, 1576:^ 1561:; 1539:^ 1526:, 1522:; 1505:^ 1496:, 1490:, 1486:, 1472:^ 1452:MR 1450:. 1436:. 1432:. 1417:MR 1415:. 1403:83 1401:. 1397:. 1382:MR 1380:. 1368:80 1366:. 1362:. 1347:MR 1345:. 1333:70 1331:. 1327:. 1321:: 1307:MR 1305:. 1293:67 1291:. 1287:. 1272:MR 1270:. 1258:66 1256:. 1252:. 1237:MR 1235:. 1223:66 1221:. 1217:. 1202:MR 1200:. 1188:84 1186:. 1182:. 1167:MR 1165:. 1153:62 1151:. 1147:. 1132:MR 1130:. 1116:. 1112:. 1106:: 1092:MR 1090:. 1078:70 1076:. 1072:. 1055:. 1045:. 1035:. 1025:37 1023:. 1019:. 1002:. 992:. 982:. 972:36 970:. 966:. 951:MR 949:. 937:54 935:. 931:. 916:MR 914:. 902:56 900:. 896:. 890:: 870:MR 868:, 858:, 844:; 830:MR 828:, 818:, 804:; 778:MR 712:. 696:, 640:, 636:, 632:, 515:, 508:. 310:: 69:, 47:, 2021:e 2014:t 2007:v 1959:. 1953:: 1939:" 1919:. 1895:. 1862:. 1786:: 1776:: 1748:. 1726:. 1679:. 1611:. 1571:. 1534:. 1458:. 1444:: 1438:5 1423:. 1409:: 1388:. 1374:: 1353:. 1339:: 1313:. 1299:: 1278:. 1264:: 1243:. 1229:: 1208:. 1194:: 1173:. 1159:: 1138:. 1124:: 1118:3 1098:. 1084:: 1063:. 1039:: 1031:: 1010:. 986:: 978:: 957:. 943:: 922:. 908:: 306:( 107:) 103:( 39:) 35:(

Index

Riga
Governorate of Livonia
New Rochelle
New York
Latvian American
University of Zurich
University of Riga
University of Prague
PhD
Bers compactification
Bers area inequality
Bers slice
Density theorem for Kleinian groups
Measurable Riemann mapping theorem
Pseudoanalytic function
Simultaneous uniformization theorem
Universal Teichmüller space
Victor Bers
Leroy P. Steele Prize
Guggenheim Fellowship
Mathematics
New York University
Columbia University
Brown University
Syracuse University
Doctoral advisor
Charles Loewner
Enrico Arbarello
Jane Piore Gilman
Irwin Kra

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