588:(allergens) that cause IgE-mediated atopic allergies in humans. This nomenclature system is defined by a designation that is composed of the first three letters of the genus; a space; the first letter of the species name; a space and an Arabic number. In the event that two species names have identical designations, they are discriminated from one another by adding one or more letters (as necessary) to each species designation.
231:
21:
615:
which has been rolled into a cylindrical shape. Inside this barrel is located a ligand binding site, which plays an important role in the lipocalin classification as a transport protein. If lipocalins are genetically engineered in the attempt to modify their binding properties, they are called
587:
Some of the proteins in this family are allergens. Allergies are hypersensitivity reactions of the immune system to specific substances called allergens (such as pollen, stings, drugs, or food) that, in most people, result in no symptoms. A nomenclature system has been established for antigens
635:
are also included. The sequences of most members of the family, the core or kernel lipocalins, are characterised by three short conserved stretches of residues, while others, the outlier lipocalin group, share only one or two of these. Proteins known to belong to this family include
610:
Although lipocalins are a broad family of greatly varied proteins, their three-dimensional structure is a unifying characteristic. Lipocalins have an eight-stranded, antiparallel, symmetrical β-barrel fold, which is, in essence, a
463:. Structural information for many immune system influencing lipocalin proteins is available, while their exact role in biological systems is still somewhat unclear. Lipocalin allergens have been shown to evoke a
544:(present in plants) are the two main sources of retinoids in the diet. After intake, they are converted to retinol, successively metabolized, and finally bound to retinol binding proteins (lipocalins) in the
483:
due to easily observable protein-pheromone interactions. Lipocalins are comparatively small in size, and are thus less complicated to study as opposed to large, bulky proteins. They can also bind to various
467:-deviated immune response, important for allergic sensitization, when applied in their apo-form (with an empty calyx devoid of ligands), whereas the holo-form seemed to exert immune-suppressive properties
1259:
Godovac-Zimmermann J (February 1988). "The structural motif of beta-lactoglobulin and retinol-binding protein: a basic framework for binding and transport of small hydrophobic molecules?".
1735:
Keen JN, Caceres I, Eliopoulos EE, Zagalsky PF, Findlay JB (April 1991). "Complete sequence and model for the A2 subunit of the carotenoid pigment complex, crustacyanin".
1463:
Chamero P, Marton TF, Logan DW, Flanagan K, Cruz JR, Saghatelian A, et al. (December 2007). "Identification of protein pheromones that promote aggressive behaviour".
443:
Lipocalin proteins are important key players of nutritional immunity by withholding and sequestering micronutrients. They are thereby able to regulate inflammatory and
327:
189:
1700:
Haefliger JA, Peitsch MC, Jenne DE, Tschopp J (1991). "Structural and functional characterization of complement C8 gamma, a member of the lipocalin protein family".
591:
The allergens in this family include allergens with the following designations: Bla g 4, Bos d 2, Bos d 5, Can f 1, Can f 2, Fel d 4, Equ c 1 and Equ c 2.
2111:
145:
133:
391:. They share limited regions of sequence homology and a common tertiary structure architecture. This is an eight stranded antiparallel
819:
1053:"Homology and structure-function correlations between alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and serum retinol-binding protein and its relatives"
2144:
1961:
Virtanen T, Zeiler T, Mäntyjärvi R (December 1999). "Important animal allergens are lipocalin proteins: why are they allergenic?".
785:
758:
754:
687:
1889:"LESP, an androgen-regulated lizard epididymal secretory protein family identified as a new member of the lipocalin superfamily"
1848:"Structural organization of the genes for rat von Ebner's gland proteins 1 and 2 reveals their close relationship to lipocalins"
1162:
Cowan SW, Newcomer ME, Jones TA (1990). "Crystallographic refinement of human serum retinol binding protein at 2A resolution".
810:
776:
750:
746:
696:
113:
347:
209:
1638:
Flower DR, North AC, Attwood TK (October 1991). "Mouse oncogene protein 24p3 is a member of the lipocalin protein family".
451:
of mice, cats, dogs, horses, and other animals. Examples of lipocalin proteins involved in immune system responses include
1583:"Structural plasticity in the loop region of engineered lipocalins with novel ligand specificities, so-called Anticalins"
602:
acts as bone-derived hormone which crosses the BBB and acts on PVN paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in the brain.
1673:
Kremer JM, Wilting J, Janssen LH (March 1988). "Drug binding to human alpha-1-acid glycoprotein in health and disease".
909:"The neutrophil lipocalin NGAL is a bacteriostatic agent that interferes with siderophore-mediated iron acquisition"
488:
for different biological purposes. Lipocalins have been detected as carrier proteins of important pheromones in the
1406:"The major cow milk allergen Bos d 5 manipulates T-helper cells depending on its load with siderophore-bound iron"
2172:
2343:
852:"The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli lipocalin Blc suggests a possible role in phospholipid binding"
335:
197:
536:
suppression. Retinol absorption and metabolism depends on lipocalins that act as binding proteins. Retinyl
2137:
499:, a lipocalin subfamily, are found in mouse and rat urine and may act as protein pheromones themselves.
632:
331:
193:
1404:
Roth-Walter F, Pacios LF, Gomez-Casado C, Hofstetter G, Roth GA, Singer J, et al. (August 2014).
2338:
793:
456:
126:
673:
513:
This family of proteins plays a part in the biological system of terminal prostaglandin synthesis.
2130:
831:
665:
410:
cells, and in plants. Lipocalins have been associated with many biological processes, among them
641:
496:
2070:
Novotny MV (February 2003). "Pheromones, binding proteins and receptor responses in rodents".
2276:
2106:
637:
452:
1296:"Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as an immunomodulator in endocrine hypertension"
2167:
1472:
1417:
1113:
1002:
989:
Matz JM, Drepper B, Blum TB, van
Genderen E, Burrell A, Martin P, et al. (July 2020).
863:
579:
inhibitors. This research suggests another possible route of protein-tumor investigations.
529:
368:
314:
176:
8:
2333:
1347:"Iron-Deficiency in Atopic Diseases: Innate Immune Priming by Allergens and Siderophores"
721:
2115:
1508:
1476:
1421:
1117:
1006:
867:
2053:
2028:
1986:
1864:
1847:
1748:
1615:
1582:
1496:
1440:
1405:
1381:
1346:
1322:
1295:
1236:
1211:
1187:
1082:
1025:
990:
889:
653:
82:
2011:
1945:
1905:
1888:
1811:
Peitsch MC, Boguski MS (October 1991). "The first lipocalin with enzymatic activity".
1651:
1551:
950:"Linking iron-deficiency with allergy: role of molecular allergens and the microbiome"
925:
908:
876:
851:
138:
2208:
2182:
2087:
2058:
2015:
1978:
1949:
1910:
1869:
1828:
1824:
1793:
1788:
1771:
1752:
1717:
1713:
1682:
1655:
1620:
1602:
1563:
1555:
1488:
1445:
1386:
1368:
1327:
1276:
1272:
1241:
1179:
1141:
1136:
1101:
1074:
1030:
971:
930:
881:
850:
Campanacci V, Nurizzo D, Spinelli S, Valencia C, Tegoni M, Cambillau C (March 2004).
322:
184:
118:
1191:
1086:
907:
Goetz DH, Holmes MA, Borregaard N, Bluhm ME, Raymond KN, Strong RK (November 2002).
893:
447:
processes caused by immune system activation in mammals. They are known respiratory
263:
57:
2286:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2079:
2048:
2040:
2027:
Charron JB, Ouellet F, Pelletier M, Danyluk J, Chauve C, Sarhan F (December 2005).
2007:
1990:
1970:
1941:
1900:
1859:
1820:
1783:
1744:
1709:
1647:
1610:
1594:
1547:
1500:
1480:
1435:
1425:
1376:
1358:
1317:
1307:
1268:
1231:
1223:
1171:
1131:
1121:
1102:"Structural organization of the gene for prostaglandin D synthase in the rat brain"
1064:
1020:
1010:
961:
920:
871:
691:
649:
310:
172:
276:
150:
70:
2319:
2192:
2177:
1430:
991:"A lipocalin mediates unidirectional heme biomineralization in malaria parasites"
288:
94:
2000:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology
1934:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology
1598:
1540:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology
1535:
2213:
1772:"Structure of the epididymal retinoic acid binding protein at 2.1 A resolution"
1312:
1106:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1069:
1052:
995:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
460:
444:
1363:
2327:
2271:
2266:
1606:
1559:
1372:
1212:"Structure and sequence relationships in the lipocalins and related proteins"
572:
to the lipocalins, have the ability to enter the cell, where they can act as
561:
557:
541:
525:
508:
419:
399:
363:
are a family of proteins which transport small hydrophobic molecules such as
1126:
1015:
2091:
2062:
2029:"Identification, expression, and evolutionary analyses of plant lipocalins"
2019:
1982:
1953:
1624:
1567:
1492:
1449:
1390:
1331:
1227:
1175:
1034:
975:
934:
885:
661:
545:
407:
2044:
1914:
1873:
1832:
1797:
1756:
1721:
1686:
1659:
1280:
1245:
1183:
1145:
1078:
122:
2291:
2281:
948:
Roth-Walter F, Pacios LF, Bianchini R, Jensen-Jarolim E (December 2017).
645:
599:
569:
392:
380:
1484:
947:
479:
The lipocalin family has been connected with the transport of mammalian
395:
with a repeated + 1 topology enclosing an internal ligand binding site.
2218:
2083:
1403:
966:
949:
657:
612:
565:
480:
403:
106:
1974:
629:
617:
415:
384:
28:-binding protein in a calculated membrane-bound state of the protein
664:; epididymal-retinoic acid binding protein (E-RABP); insectacyanin;
628:
The name "lipocalin" has been proposed for this protein family, but
30:
2315:
2249:
2187:
576:
464:
448:
423:
379:, and most lipocalins are also able to bind to complexed iron (via
372:
283:
89:
2259:
2254:
2153:
849:
521:
485:
364:
101:
25:
1536:"The lipocalin protein family: structural and sequence overview"
668:(OBP); human pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha-2 globulin (
704:
700:
537:
427:
411:
376:
342:
230:
204:
2119:- Calculated spatial positions of some Lipocalins in membranes
2026:
1100:
Igarashi M, Nagata A, Toh H, Urade Y, Hayaishi O (June 1992).
1734:
767:
763:
733:
729:
725:
717:
713:
709:
573:
564:
effects are not obvious, and demand further study. However,
533:
492:
1932:
Paine K, Flower DR (October 2000). "The lipocalin website".
1699:
2311:
2122:
988:
814:
806:
802:
798:
789:
781:
772:
742:
738:
677:
669:
489:
388:
304:
270:
258:
166:
77:
64:
52:
20:
1462:
906:
680:); and lizard epididymal secretory protein IV (LESP IV).
1960:
2310:
This article incorporates text from the public domain
1099:
683:
Human proteins that contain lipocalin domain include:
1886:
1672:
1640:
1580:
1534:Flower, D R; North, A C; Sansom, C E (2000-10-01).
1637:
1258:
1209:
1161:
1998:Bratt T (October 2000). "Lipocalins and cancer".
1845:
1533:
2325:
1963:International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
1581:Achatz, S; Jarasch, A; Skerra, A (2022-01-01).
1810:
2138:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1157:
1155:
1046:
1044:
1887:Morel L, Dufaure JP, Depeiges A (May 1993).
1456:
1287:
1210:Flower DR, North AC, Attwood TK (May 1993).
1931:
1880:
1839:
1804:
1763:
1728:
1693:
1666:
1631:
1344:
1293:
1050:
843:
551:
532:, immune system function, bone growth, and
2145:
2131:
2112:UMich Orientation of Proteins in Membranes
1252:
1198:
1152:
1093:
1041:
502:
229:
19:
2052:
1904:
1863:
1787:
1614:
1439:
1429:
1380:
1362:
1321:
1311:
1235:
1135:
1125:
1068:
1024:
1014:
965:
924:
875:
1846:Kock K, Ahlers C, Schmale H (May 1994).
1769:
2069:
676:; purpurin; Von Ebner's gland protein (
672:); probasin (PB), a prostatic protein;
2326:
474:
2126:
1997:
1051:Pervaiz S, Brew K (September 1987).
1893:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
516:
13:
1924:
1865:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18806.x
1749:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15925.x
1509:"Aggression protein found in mice"
438:
14:
2355:
2100:
623:
2072:Biochemical Society Transactions
1852:European Journal of Biochemistry
1737:European Journal of Biochemistry
1587:Journal of Structural Biology: X
2173:Post-translational modification
1574:
1527:
1521:
1397:
1345:Roth-Walter, Franziska (2022).
1338:
524:, (vitamin A), is an important
1813:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
1770:Newcomer ME (September 1993).
1261:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
982:
941:
900:
1:
2012:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00154-0
1946:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00166-7
1906:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)82200-1
1652:10.1016/S0006-291X(05)81256-2
1552:10.1016/s0167-4838(00)00148-5
926:10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00708-6
877:10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00199-1
837:
644:; alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (
299:Available protein structures:
161:Available protein structures:
2152:
1825:10.1016/0968-0004(91)90149-P
1789:10.1016/0969-2126(93)90004-Z
1714:10.1016/0161-5890(91)90095-2
1431:10.1371/journal.pone.0104803
1273:10.1016/0968-0004(88)90031-X
605:
582:
398:These proteins are found in
7:
2107:Lipocalins in SCOP database
1599:10.1016/j.yjsbx.2021.100054
1300:Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
1294:Araos P, Amador CA (2022).
825:
633:fatty acid binding proteins
433:
10:
2360:
2309:
2214:Protein structural domains
1313:10.3389/fendo.2022.1006790
1070:10.1096/fasebj.1.3.3622999
594:
506:
2227:
2201:
2160:
1364:10.3389/falgy.2022.859922
457:alpha-1-acid glycoprotein
341:
321:
303:
298:
294:
282:
269:
257:
249:
244:
228:
223:
203:
183:
165:
160:
156:
144:
132:
112:
100:
88:
76:
63:
51:
43:
38:
18:
674:prostaglandin D synthase
552:Cancer cell interactions
2116:families/superfamily-52
1675:Pharmacological Reviews
1127:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5376
1016:10.1073/pnas.2001153117
832:Retinol binding protein
666:odorant binding protein
658:complement component C8
556:Because lipocalins are
540:(present in meats) and
528:that affects eyesight,
503:Prostaglandin synthesis
1228:10.1002/pro.5560020507
1176:10.1002/prot.340080108
642:major urinary proteins
497:Major urinary proteins
418:transport, biological
2344:Protein superfamilies
2277:Photoreceptor protein
2045:10.1104/pp.105.070466
638:alpha-1-microglobulin
453:alpha-1-microglobulin
224:Lipocalin-like domain
2168:Protein biosynthesis
1702:Molecular Immunology
1351:Frontiers in Allergy
568:ligands, present as
530:cell differentiation
1899:(14): 10274–10281.
1485:10.1038/nature05997
1477:2007Natur.450..899C
1422:2014PLoSO...9j4803R
1118:1992PNAS...89.5376I
1007:2020PNAS..11716546M
1001:(28): 16546–16556.
868:2004FEBSL.562..183C
475:Pheromone transport
430:cell interactions.
2084:10.1042/BST0310117
1515:. 5 December 2007.
967:10.1039/c7mt00241f
654:beta-lactoglobulin
600:LCN2 (Lipocalin 2)
2307:
2306:
2209:Protein structure
2183:Protein targeting
2078:(Pt 1): 117–122.
1975:10.1159/000024277
1471:(7171): 899–902.
1112:(12): 5376–5380.
960:(12): 1676–1692.
357:
356:
353:
352:
348:structure summary
235:Structure of the
219:
218:
215:
214:
210:structure summary
2351:
2339:Protein families
2287:Phycobiliprotein
2245:Globular protein
2240:Membrane protein
2235:List of proteins
2147:
2140:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2095:
2066:
2056:
2039:(4): 2017–2028.
2033:Plant Physiology
2023:
2006:(1–2): 318–326.
1994:
1957:
1940:(1–2): 351–352.
1919:
1918:
1908:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1867:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1791:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1708:(1–2): 123–131.
1697:
1691:
1690:
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1664:
1663:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1504:
1460:
1454:
1453:
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1401:
1395:
1394:
1384:
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1342:
1336:
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1315:
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1284:
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1207:
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1039:
1038:
1028:
1018:
986:
980:
979:
969:
945:
939:
938:
928:
919:(5): 1033–1043.
904:
898:
897:
879:
862:(1–3): 183–188.
847:
650:apolipoprotein D
560:proteins, their
517:Retinoid binding
296:
295:
237:Escherichia coli
233:
221:
220:
158:
157:
33:
23:
16:
15:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2308:
2303:
2267:Fibrous protein
2223:
2197:
2193:Protein methods
2178:Protein folding
2156:
2151:
2103:
2098:
1927:
1925:Further reading
1922:
1885:
1881:
1844:
1840:
1809:
1805:
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1733:
1729:
1698:
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1579:
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1522:
1507:
1461:
1457:
1402:
1398:
1343:
1339:
1292:
1288:
1257:
1253:
1216:Protein Science
1208:
1199:
1160:
1153:
1098:
1094:
1049:
1042:
987:
983:
946:
942:
905:
901:
848:
844:
840:
828:
648:); aphrodisin;
626:
608:
597:
585:
554:
519:
511:
505:
477:
441:
439:Immune response
436:
240:
134:OPM superfamily
34:
29:
12:
11:
5:
2357:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2305:
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2302:
2301:
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2205:
2203:
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2102:
2101:External links
2099:
2097:
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1995:
1969:(4): 247–258.
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1920:
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1858:(3): 905–916.
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1743:(2): 407–417.
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1416:(8): e104803.
1396:
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1251:
1222:(5): 753–761.
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1063:(3): 209–214.
1040:
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913:Molecular Cell
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640:(protein HC);
625:
624:Family members
622:
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596:
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584:
581:
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518:
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507:Main article:
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445:detoxification
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142:
141:
136:
130:
129:
116:
110:
109:
104:
98:
97:
92:
86:
85:
80:
74:
73:
68:
61:
60:
55:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
36:
35:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2356:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2272:Chromoprotein
2270:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1546:(1–2): 9–24.
1545:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1524:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:FASEB Journal
1054:
1047:
1045:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
985:
977:
973:
968:
963:
959:
955:
951:
944:
936:
932:
927:
922:
918:
914:
910:
903:
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
846:
842:
833:
830:
829:
821:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
780:
778:
774:
771:
769:
765:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
708:
706:
702:
698:
695:
693:
689:
686:
685:
684:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
660:gamma chain;
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
634:
631:
621:
619:
614:
603:
601:
592:
589:
580:
578:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:intracellular
559:
558:extracellular
549:
547:
543:
542:beta-carotene
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:micronutrient
523:
514:
510:
509:Prostaglandin
500:
498:
494:
491:
487:
482:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
431:
429:
426:binding, and
425:
421:
420:prostaglandin
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
400:gram negative
396:
394:
390:
387:) as well as
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
349:
346:
344:
340:
337:
333:
329:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:
306:
302:
297:
293:
290:
287:
285:
281:
278:
275:
272:
268:
265:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
238:
232:
227:
222:
211:
208:
206:
202:
199:
195:
191:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
168:
164:
159:
155:
152:
149:
147:
143:
140:
137:
135:
131:
128:
124:
120:
117:
115:
111:
108:
105:
103:
99:
96:
93:
91:
87:
84:
81:
79:
75:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
17:
2296:
2114:
2075:
2071:
2036:
2032:
2003:
1999:
1966:
1962:
1937:
1933:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1646:(1): 69–74.
1643:
1639:
1633:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1523:
1512:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1267:(2): 64–66.
1264:
1260:
1254:
1219:
1215:
1170:(1): 44–61.
1167:
1163:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1060:
1056:
998:
994:
984:
957:
953:
943:
916:
912:
902:
859:
856:FEBS Letters
855:
845:
682:
662:crustacyanin
627:
609:
598:
590:
586:
570:substituents
555:
546:blood plasma
520:
512:
495:of rodents.
478:
468:
442:
408:invertebrate
397:
381:siderophores
360:
358:
236:
2292:Phytochrome
2282:Biliprotein
1819:(10): 363.
1782:(1): 7–18.
1681:(1): 1–47.
1306:: 1006790.
954:Metallomics
646:orosomucoid
422:synthesis,
406:cells, and
393:beta barrel
253:Lipocalin_2
245:Identifiers
146:OPM protein
39:Identifiers
2334:Lipocalins
2328:Categories
2219:Proteasome
2202:Structures
1593:: 100054.
1357:: 859922.
838:References
618:anticalins
613:beta sheet
566:lipophilic
481:pheromones
414:response,
404:vertebrate
402:bacteria,
385:flavonoids
361:lipocalins
311:structures
239:lipocalin.
173:structures
2320:IPR000566
2297:Lipocalin
2161:Processes
1776:Structure
1607:2590-1524
1560:1878-2434
1373:2673-6101
630:cytosolic
606:Structure
583:Allergens
449:allergens
416:pheromone
373:retinoids
289:IPR013208
107:PDOC00187
95:IPR000566
47:Lipocalin
2316:InterPro
2250:Globulin
2188:Proteome
2154:Proteins
2092:12546667
2063:16306142
2020:11058772
1983:10640908
1954:11058775
1625:34988429
1568:11058743
1513:BBC News
1493:18064011
1450:25117976
1410:PLOS ONE
1391:35769558
1332:36387895
1192:21613341
1164:Proteins
1087:12416282
1035:32601225
976:29120476
935:12453412
894:26737744
886:15044022
826:See also
577:protease
469:in vitro
434:Function
424:retinoid
365:steroids
328:RCSB PDB
284:InterPro
190:RCSB PDB
90:InterPro
2260:Albumin
2255:Edestin
2054:1310578
1991:1171463
1915:8486691
1874:7514123
1833:1723819
1798:8069623
1757:2026162
1722:1707134
1687:3064105
1660:1834059
1616:8693463
1501:4398766
1473:Bibcode
1441:4130594
1418:Bibcode
1382:9234869
1323:9640732
1281:3238752
1246:7684291
1237:2142497
1184:2217163
1146:1608945
1114:Bibcode
1079:3622999
1026:7368307
1003:Bibcode
864:Bibcode
820:UNQ2541
595:Hormone
522:Retinol
486:ligands
461:C8gamma
264:PF08212
102:PROSITE
58:PF00061
26:Retinol
2090:
2061:
2051:
2018:
1989:
1981:
1952:
1913:
1872:
1831:
1796:
1755:
1720:
1685:
1658:
1623:
1613:
1605:
1566:
1558:
1499:
1491:
1465:Nature
1448:
1438:
1389:
1379:
1371:
1330:
1320:
1279:
1244:
1234:
1190:
1182:
1144:
1134:
1085:
1077:
1033:
1023:
974:
933:
892:
884:
786:PERF15
705:CRABP2
701:CRABP1
538:esters
459:, and
428:cancer
412:immune
377:lipids
375:, and
369:bilins
343:PDBsum
317:
307:
277:CL0116
250:Symbol
205:PDBsum
179:
169:
127:SUPFAM
71:CL0116
44:Symbol
2228:Types
1987:S2CID
1497:S2CID
1188:S2CID
1137:49294
1083:S2CID
890:S2CID
794:PTGDS
768:OBP2B
764:OBP2A
759:LCN12
755:LCN10
734:FABP7
730:FABP6
726:FABP5
722:FABP4
718:FABP3
714:FABP2
710:FABP1
574:tumor
534:tumor
493:mucus
490:nasal
123:SCOPe
114:SCOP2
83:9.1.1
2314:and
2312:Pfam
2088:PMID
2059:PMID
2016:PMID
2004:1482
1979:PMID
1950:PMID
1938:1482
1911:PMID
1870:PMID
1829:PMID
1794:PMID
1753:PMID
1718:PMID
1683:PMID
1656:PMID
1621:PMID
1603:ISSN
1564:PMID
1556:ISSN
1544:1482
1489:PMID
1446:PMID
1387:PMID
1369:ISSN
1328:PMID
1277:PMID
1242:PMID
1180:PMID
1142:PMID
1075:PMID
1031:PMID
972:PMID
931:PMID
882:PMID
815:RBP7
811:RBP5
807:RBP4
803:RBP2
799:RBP1
790:PMP2
782:PAEP
777:ORM2
773:ORM1
751:LCN9
747:LCN8
743:LCN2
739:LCN1
692:APOD
688:AMBP
678:VEGP
670:PAEP
389:heme
359:The
336:PDBj
332:PDBe
315:ECOD
305:Pfam
273:clan
271:Pfam
259:Pfam
198:PDBj
194:PDBe
177:ECOD
167:Pfam
151:1kt6
119:1hms
78:ECOD
67:clan
65:Pfam
53:Pfam
31:1kt6
2080:doi
2049:PMC
2041:doi
2037:139
2008:doi
1971:doi
1967:120
1942:doi
1901:doi
1897:268
1860:doi
1856:221
1821:doi
1784:doi
1745:doi
1741:197
1710:doi
1648:doi
1644:180
1611:PMC
1595:doi
1548:doi
1481:doi
1469:450
1436:PMC
1426:doi
1377:PMC
1359:doi
1318:PMC
1308:doi
1269:doi
1232:PMC
1224:doi
1172:doi
1132:PMC
1122:doi
1065:doi
1021:PMC
1011:doi
999:117
962:doi
921:doi
872:doi
860:562
697:C8G
465:Th2
383:or
323:PDB
185:PDB
2330::
2318::
2086:.
2076:31
2074:.
2057:.
2047:.
2035:.
2031:.
2014:.
2002:.
1985:.
1977:.
1965:.
1948:.
1936:.
1909:.
1895:.
1891:.
1868:.
1854:.
1850:.
1827:.
1817:16
1815:.
1792:.
1778:.
1774:.
1751:.
1739:.
1716:.
1706:28
1704:.
1679:40
1677:.
1654:.
1642:.
1619:.
1609:.
1601:.
1589:.
1585:.
1562:.
1554:.
1542:.
1538:.
1511:.
1495:.
1487:.
1479:.
1467:.
1444:.
1434:.
1424:.
1412:.
1408:.
1385:.
1375:.
1367:.
1353:.
1349:.
1326:.
1316:.
1304:13
1302:.
1298:.
1275:.
1265:13
1263:.
1240:.
1230:.
1218:.
1214:.
1200:^
1186:.
1178:.
1166:.
1154:^
1140:.
1130:.
1120:.
1110:89
1108:.
1104:.
1081:.
1073:.
1059:.
1055:.
1043:^
1029:.
1019:.
1009:.
997:.
993:.
970:.
956:.
952:.
929:.
917:10
915:.
911:.
888:.
880:.
870:.
858:.
854:.
813:,
809:,
805:,
801:,
792:,
788:,
784:,
775:,
766:,
757:,
753:,
749:,
745:,
741:,
732:,
728:,
724:,
720:,
716:,
712:,
703:,
699:,
690:,
656:;
652:;
620:.
548:.
471:.
455:,
371:,
367:,
334:;
330:;
313:/
196:;
192:;
175:/
139:50
125:/
121:/
2146:e
2139:t
2132:v
2094:.
2082::
2065:.
2043::
2022:.
2010::
1993:.
1973::
1956:.
1944::
1917:.
1903::
1876:.
1862::
1835:.
1823::
1800:.
1786::
1780:1
1759:.
1747::
1724:.
1712::
1689:.
1662:.
1650::
1627:.
1597::
1591:6
1570:.
1550::
1503:.
1483::
1475::
1452:.
1428::
1420::
1414:9
1393:.
1361::
1355:3
1334:.
1310::
1283:.
1271::
1248:.
1226::
1220:2
1194:.
1174::
1168:8
1148:.
1124::
1116::
1089:.
1067::
1061:1
1037:.
1013::
1005::
978:.
964::
958:9
937:.
923::
896:.
874::
866::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
