441:
and the North
American Society for Gastroenterology and Nutrition, with the latter organization outlining it as a first choice for the management of pediatric constipation. The drug is suggested to never be used in cases in which the patient is neurologically impaired or has a potential swallowing dysfunction due to potential respiration complications. Lipoid pneumonia due to mineral oil aspiration is thus a recognized severe complication of this medication, and there is a need for a heightened awareness among caregivers about the potential dangers of inappropriate mineral oil use. Some go as far as saying that it should never be used with children due to this risk.
255:
232:
484:
47:
440:
Consensus has not been entirely reached on the safety of the drug for children. While the drug is widely accepted for the management of childhood constipation in North
America and Australia, the drug is used much less in the United Kingdom. The drug is endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics
436:
often engender (however, some literature suggests that these may still occur). The drug acts by softening the feces and coats the intestine with an oily film. Because of this it reduces the pain caused by certain conditions such as piles (haemorrhoids). These traits make the drug ideal for chronic
698:
428:, the drug is convenient to synthesize. It acts primarily as a stool lubricant, and is thus not associated with abdominal cramps, diarrhea, flatulence, disturbances in electrolytes, or tolerance over long periods of usage, side effects that
491:
Upon being taken orally, liquid paraffin might interfere with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, though evidence does not seem to fully support this. It can be absorbed into the intestinal wall and may cause foreign-body
475:
Liquid paraffin is a hydrating and cleansing agent. Hence, it is used in several cosmetics both for skin and hair products. It is also used as one of the ingredients of after wax wipes.
860:
Fleming KA, Zimmerman H, Shubik P (February 1998). "Granulomas in the livers of humans and fischer rats associated with the ingestion of mineral hydrocarbons: A comparison".
791:
895:
Shoda T, Toyoda K, Uneyama C, Takada K, Takahashi M (December 1997). "Lack of carcinogenicity of medium-viscosity liquid paraffin given in the diet to F344 rats".
979:
74:
1359:
17:
817:
Gal-Ezer S, Shaoul R (November 2006). "The safety of mineral oil in the treatment of constipation--a lesson from prolonged overdose".
496:
reactions in some rat species. These reactions might not occur in humans, however. Some evidence suggests that it engenders a lack of
407:, recommended it as a treatment for intestinal stasis and chronic constipation in 1913, liquid paraffin gained more popularity.
1011:
373:
Petroleum is said to have been used as a medicine since 400 BC, and has been mentioned in the texts of classical writers
777:
708:
104:
932:"Petroleum jelly-induced penile paraffinoma with inguinal lymphadenitis mimicking incarcerated inguinal hernia"
250:
191:
989:
211:
1321:
416:
Liquid paraffin is primarily used as a pediatric laxative in medicine and is a popular treatment for
31:
227:
164:
1004:
346:. It is a transparent, colorless, nearly odorless, and oily liquid that is composed of saturated
62:
1316:
792:"Section 172.878, White mineral oil, of Title 21 of the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations"
603:
1142:
973:
113:
401:, who patented it in 1872 for the manufacture of a "new and useful product from petroleum."
382:
200:
138:
8:
1463:
1326:
1263:
1253:
1223:
1213:
437:
childhood constipation and encopresis, when large doses or long-term usage is necessary.
433:
254:
231:
129:
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1353:
1233:
1114:
1104:
1056:
997:
956:
931:
842:
750:
725:
667:
642:
580:
555:
398:
330:. Cosmetic or medicinal liquid paraffin should not be confused with the paraffin (i.e.
908:
1341:
1238:
1218:
1074:
961:
912:
877:
834:
755:
704:
672:
623:
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464:
404:
1167:
38:
1379:
1190:
1137:
951:
943:
904:
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826:
745:
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662:
658:
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615:
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501:
449:
429:
267:
87:
846:
1273:
1248:
1228:
1099:
1094:
521:
497:
386:
1417:
1268:
1089:
1038:
643:"Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation"
1457:
1157:
1122:
830:
773:
627:
556:"Liquid paraffin: a reappraisal of its role in the treatment of constipation"
460:
243:
483:
46:
1427:
1412:
1029:
1019:
965:
873:
838:
759:
676:
619:
589:
417:
82:
916:
881:
741:
1422:
1407:
1384:
1180:
571:
516:
347:
319:
641:
Gordon M, MacDonald JK, Parker CE, Akobeng AK, Thomas AG (August 2016).
1442:
1374:
1079:
947:
421:
175:
1437:
1432:
1389:
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1364:
1296:
1208:
1203:
1147:
1069:
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1025:
493:
445:
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351:
323:
149:
1349:
1331:
1306:
1278:
1257:
1243:
1198:
1132:
1127:
1046:
1021:
394:
378:
331:
327:
553:
361:
is sometimes used to denote light liquid paraffin, while the term
1301:
1084:
335:
1288:
1152:
930:
Sejben I, Rácz A, Svébis M, Patyi M, Cserni G (August 2012).
390:
640:
554:
Sharif F, Crushell E, O'Driscoll K, Bourke B (August 2001).
216:
403:
After Sir W. Arbuthnot Lane, who was then Chief
Surgeon of
1311:
894:
334:) used as a fuel. The generic sense of paraffin meaning
859:
929:
338:
led to regional differences for the meanings of both
500:. If liquid paraffin enters the lungs, it can cause
507:If injected, it can cause granulomatous reactions.
365:is sometimes used to denote a thicker mineral oil.
608:Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association
978:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
444:Liquid paraffin is also used in combination with
1455:
163:
389:, and others. It was used extensively by early
137:
816:
726:"First do no harm: The dangers of mineral oil"
1005:
604:"Liquid Petroleum or "Russian Mineral Oil" *"
397:. Its first use internally is attributed to
647:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1012:
998:
253:
230:
45:
27:Mineral oil used in cosmetics and medicine
955:
749:
723:
666:
579:
199:
482:
467:, or lubricant on capsules and tablets.
936:Canadian Urological Association Journal
226:
14:
1456:
1224:Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)
862:Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
696:
244:
30:For the chemical use of the term, see
993:
470:
692:
690:
688:
686:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
411:
154:
86:
24:
459:Additionally, it may be used as a
25:
1480:
774:"Magnesium & Liquid Paraffin"
683:
534:
780:from the original on 2009-04-14.
560:Archives of Disease in Childhood
923:
888:
853:
810:
784:
766:
730:Paediatrics & Child Health
717:
659:10.1002/14651858.CD009118.pub3
634:
596:
13:
1:
909:10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00105-1
527:
897:Food and Chemical Toxicology
796:Government Publishing Office
614:(7): 1013–1018. 1914-07-01.
452:, sold under the trade name
7:
510:
393:and was important in early
318:, is a very highly refined
51:Liquid paraffin in a bottle
18:Liquid paraffin (medicinal)
10:
1485:
1322:Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate
724:Weinstein M (March 2001).
700:Non-prescription Medicines
368:
262:Chemical and physical data
29:
1400:
1340:
1287:
1189:
1166:
1113:
1055:
1037:
478:
424:. Because of its ease of
266:
261:
242:
210:
190:
174:
148:
128:
123:
103:
98:
73:
61:
56:
44:
1020:Drugs for constipation (
831:10.1177/0009922806295285
703:. Pharmaceutical Press.
950:(inactive 2024-09-12).
1115:Bulk-forming laxatives
874:10.1006/rtph.1997.1109
620:10.1002/jps.3080030718
488:
363:paraffinum subliquidum
359:paraffinum perliquidum
1143:Polycarbophil calcium
486:
399:Robert A. Chesebrough
1317:Sodium laurilsulfate
572:10.1136/adc.85.2.121
1254:Polyethylene glycol
1214:Magnesium carbonate
1168:Lubricant laxatives
1057:Stimulant laxatives
819:Clinical Pediatrics
798:. 19 September 2019
742:10.1093/pch/6.3.129
434:stimulant laxatives
316:Russian mineral oil
312:liquid paraffin oil
303:paraffinum liquidum
41:
39:Paraffinum liquidum
1354:Oxycodone/naloxone
1342:Opioid antagonists
1234:Magnesium peroxide
1105:Sodium picosulfate
948:10.5489/cuaj.11146
489:
487:Paraffin in beaker
471:Usage in cosmetics
37:
1451:
1450:
1239:Magnesium sulfate
1219:Magnesium citrate
1191:Osmotic laxatives
868:(1 Pt 2): 75–81.
697:Nathan A (2010).
412:Usage in medicine
295:
294:
212:CompTox Dashboard
112:In general:
16:(Redirected from
1476:
1380:Methylnaltrexone
1327:Sodium phosphate
1264:Sodium phosphate
1100:Senna glycosides
1014:
1007:
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681:
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638:
632:
631:
600:
594:
593:
583:
551:
502:lipoid pneumonia
456:(among others).
450:osmotic laxative
408:
300:, also known as
291:
290:
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281:
280:
257:
246:
235:
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220:
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203:
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114:Over-the-counter
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21:
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1454:
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1336:
1283:
1274:Sodium tartrate
1249:Pentaerythritol
1229:Magnesium oxide
1185:
1176:Liquid paraffin
1162:
1138:Methylcellulose
1109:
1095:Phenolphthalein
1051:
1039:Stool softeners
1033:
1018:
988:
987:
971:
970:
928:
924:
903:(12): 1181–90.
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811:
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772:
771:
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695:
684:
653:(8): CD009118.
639:
635:
602:
601:
597:
552:
535:
530:
522:Petroleum jelly
513:
498:carcinogenicity
481:
473:
414:
402:
395:Indian medicine
371:
298:Liquid paraffin
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1471:
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1418:Oxyphenisatine
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1269:Sodium sulfate
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1090:Oxyphenisatine
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776:. Patient UK.
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405:Guy's Hospital
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65:administration
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1158:Syrup of figs
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1123:Dietary fiber
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942:(4): E137-9.
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739:
736:(3): 129–31.
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710:9780853698869
706:
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508:
505:
503:
499:
495:
494:granulomatous
485:
476:
468:
466:
462:
461:release agent
457:
455:
451:
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442:
438:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
409:
406:
400:
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392:
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350:derived from
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317:
313:
309:
305:
304:
299:
271:
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245:ECHA InfoCard
241:
233:
229:
228:DTXSID3034743
225:
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213:
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202:
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69:Topical, oral
68:
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60:
57:Clinical data
55:
48:
43:
33:
19:
1428:Prucalopride
1413:Lubiprostone
1175:
974:cite journal
939:
935:
925:
900:
896:
890:
865:
861:
855:
825:(9): 856–8.
822:
818:
812:
802:22 September
800:. Retrieved
795:
786:
768:
733:
729:
719:
699:
650:
646:
636:
611:
607:
598:
566:(2): 121–4.
563:
559:
506:
490:
474:
458:
453:
443:
439:
418:constipation
415:
372:
362:
358:
356:
348:hydrocarbons
344:paraffin oil
343:
339:
315:
311:
308:paraffin oil
307:
302:
301:
297:
296:
105:Legal status
99:Legal status
1423:Plecanatide
1408:Linaclotide
1385:Naldemedine
1181:Mineral oil
517:Mineral oil
383:Dioscorides
320:mineral oil
251:100.029.437
124:Identifiers
1464:Excipients
1458:Categories
1443:Ulimorelin
1375:Bevenopran
1080:Castor oil
1026:cathartics
528:References
422:encopresis
201:N6K5787QVP
176:ChemSpider
130:CAS Number
1469:Laxatives
1438:Tenapanor
1433:Tegaserod
1390:Naloxegol
1370:Axelopran
1365:Alvimopan
1297:Bisacodyl
1209:Laminarid
1204:Lactulose
1148:Sterculia
1133:Ispaghula
1070:Bisoxatin
1065:Bisacodyl
1022:laxatives
628:0095-9553
446:magnesium
426:titration
375:Herodotus
357:The term
352:petroleum
324:cosmetics
139:8012-95-1
63:Routes of
1350:Naloxone
1332:Sorbitol
1307:Glycerol
1279:Sorbitol
1258:macrogol
1244:Mannitol
1199:Lactitol
1153:Triticum
1128:Ethulose
1047:Docusate
966:23093564
839:17041175
778:Archived
760:20084222
677:27531591
590:11466186
511:See also
391:Arabians
379:Plutarch
340:paraffin
332:kerosene
328:medicine
322:used in
75:ATC code
32:Paraffin
1360:PAMORAs
1302:Dantron
1085:Dantron
1075:Cascara
957:3430719
917:9449224
882:9618325
751:2804525
668:6513425
581:1718886
454:Mil-Par
430:osmotic
369:History
268:Formula
165:7979779
150:PubChem
91:)
85: (
83:A06AA01
1401:Others
1289:Enemas
964:
954:
915:
880:
847:690845
845:
837:
758:
748:
707:
675:
665:
626:
588:
578:
479:Health
465:binder
448:as an
336:alkane
152:
843:S2CID
387:Pliny
116:(OTC)
1024:and
980:link
962:PMID
913:PMID
878:PMID
835:PMID
804:2019
756:PMID
705:ISBN
673:PMID
651:2018
624:ISSN
586:PMID
432:and
420:and
342:and
326:and
287:2n+2
192:UNII
183:none
1312:Oil
1030:A06
1028:) (
952:PMC
944:doi
905:doi
870:doi
827:doi
746:PMC
738:doi
663:PMC
655:doi
616:doi
576:PMC
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