1359:
2821:
3029:
3212:
2317:
1368:
52:
1781:
1330:
119:
2769:
3409:
1837:
2636:
2415:
1725:
3291:
3166:
2592:
3332:
1908:
2677:
2551:
3082:
2497:
2718:
124:
3250:
7428:
3450:
3368:
1268:
3120:
2456:
1280:
2863:
2103:
2147:
2191:
1959:
2232:
2059:
2371:
2276:
2005:
1665:
The following list includes
African-Americans who have held permanent positions in the Cabinet, all of whom are in the line of succession to the presidency. The table below is organized based on the beginning of their terms in office. Officeholders whose terms begin the same day are listed according
4458:
1409:
members altogether, with one of them serving in multiple different positions for a total of 36 cabinet appointments. Of that particular number, 25 different Black individuals held a total of 26 permanent cabinet posts, serving as
5288:
3726:
2975:. The table below is organized based on the beginning of their terms in office while it was raised to cabinet-level status. Officeholders whose terms begin the same day are listed alphabetically by last name.
3791:
4450:
6800:
6795:
5253:
17:
4090:
3510:
6807:
4768:
3656:
6548:
2968:
The president may designate or remove additional officials as cabinet members. These positions have not always been in the cabinet, so some
African American officeholders may not be listed.
7455:
4210:
2971:
The following list includes
African-Americans who have held cabinet-rank positions, which can vary under each president. They are not in the line of succession and are not necessarily
6812:
5248:
3500:
4799:
4023:
185:
4922:
4121:
5100:
448:
4984:
3939:
6483:
5283:
4334:
3046:
7460:
5155:
162:
151:
4427:
4891:
4582:
1583:
5295:
1742:
1473:
1183:
433:
4272:
3783:
1311:
4953:
7333:
6877:
5609:
5466:
5258:
5080:
4081:"The Transition: Clinton Selects Ex-Mayor for H.U.D. and an Ex-Marine for Veterans Affairs; Defender of the Rights of Veterans Masters Thickets of Regulations"
3473:
320:
7140:
7012:
5597:
5145:
3532:
The position was established as
Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare on April 11, 1953; renamed Secretary of Health and Human Services on May 4, 1980.
1595:
443:
422:
140:
3622:
5123:
4080:
3183:
1883:
1489:
4860:
3821:
3690:
1418:, and 10 more held cabinet-level positions, which can differ under each president; no one officeholder served in both cabinet and cabinet-rank roles. The
5047:
3882:
4303:
5707:
4000:
3495:
4760:
4737:
6296:
5431:
4241:
3648:
213:
6790:
4520:
4057:
3267:
1142:
1138:
919:
3969:
7338:
6578:
5085:
5075:
4707:
4651:
3468:
3463:
405:
7407:
7382:
4551:
4489:
4202:
2956:
869:
7392:
7387:
6319:
5767:
4604:
1696:
1627:
1508:
1339:
794:
315:
177:
4829:
7108:
6944:
6653:
6643:
6301:
6291:
4976:
4791:
4703:
4647:
3505:
3485:
2609:
1607:
1160:
1001:
894:
4365:
7150:
6922:
3760:
2164:
1572:
1415:
1384:
1304:
1016:
438:
3908:
7370:
6314:
6309:
5198:
5165:
5150:
5140:
4914:
4113:
1587:
1241:
1236:
1099:
428:
3931:
3563:
1515:
took over the same position in 2005, during Bush's second term, making her the highest-placed Black person in line to the presidency.
7465:
7029:
6533:
5642:
1798:
1246:
882:
784:
235:
224:
4326:
7377:
7007:
6528:
5750:
5582:
4143:
3847:
3817:
2930:
1639:
1635:
1059:
914:
7343:
7303:
7145:
7049:
6978:
6583:
5393:
5346:
5040:
1611:
1050:
63:
5011:
4883:
7402:
7397:
7365:
7135:
7039:
7002:
6949:
6783:
2022:
1542:
1535:
1297:
1112:
1081:
1037:
1011:
951:
931:
829:
814:
457:
333:
132:
3851:
7360:
7318:
7130:
5678:
5544:
5539:
5424:
5223:
5128:
5095:
4419:
3490:
1591:
1072:
956:
803:
252:
3718:
7308:
7293:
7157:
7066:
7061:
6995:
5456:
5383:
5203:
3596:
2938:
2911:
2388:
1615:
1173:
173:
4673:
4574:
7283:
7120:
7090:
6872:
6451:
5663:
5398:
5173:
5133:
2934:
2926:
2786:
2076:
1619:
1599:
1553:
1411:
1343:
1089:
966:
486:
277:
202:
7273:
7167:
7083:
6927:
6708:
6508:
5659:
5637:
5213:
5033:
4264:
2941:
was absorbed into the
Department of Defense in 1947. No African American had ever served while they were cabinet posts.
2838:
1623:
1231:
1211:
986:
981:
936:
624:
506:
349:
341:
89:
4396:
7420:
5810:
5461:
5228:
5208:
5188:
4945:
4174:
4147:
2120:
1631:
1603:
1561:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1119:
1094:
1055:
946:
889:
854:
569:
71:
7348:
7313:
7298:
7056:
6658:
5902:
5872:
5688:
5417:
5263:
5193:
5183:
3063:
2959:
was subdivided into two separate entities in 1913. No
African American had ever served while it was a cabinet post.
2907:
2334:
2249:
1818:
1762:
1519:
replaced both Powell and Rice to become the highest-ranking black person ever to be in the line of succession upon
1500:
1388:
1165:
1150:
1126:
1041:
859:
841:
836:
1484:
was the first black woman to serve in a presidential cabinet when she was named to the same position by
President
7355:
7278:
7073:
6917:
6648:
6513:
6218:
5857:
3618:
3137:
2949:
1991:
1767:
1178:
1029:
971:
926:
754:
413:
3682:
7125:
7019:
6934:
6538:
4852:
3813:
2945:
2514:
1645:
The totals for this list include only
African-American presidential appointees confirmed (if necessary) by the
1402:
996:
991:
491:
471:
294:
260:
4049:
3874:
7162:
7095:
7078:
7024:
6973:
6912:
6817:
6778:
6718:
6518:
5907:
5887:
5694:
5673:
5218:
4295:
2820:
1546:
976:
961:
679:
84:
39:
3992:
6985:
6961:
6956:
6939:
6907:
6850:
5963:
5912:
5745:
4730:
4611:
3385:
2972:
2915:
2357:
1789:
1447:
1398:
418:
310:
4977:"Shalanda Young becomes first Black woman to lead White House budget office following Senate confirmation"
4233:
3028:
2952:
became the
Department of Defense in 1947. No African American had ever served while it was a cabinet post.
7250:
7242:
7185:
7100:
6588:
6493:
6349:
6331:
6233:
5892:
5862:
5587:
5507:
5486:
4512:
3559:
1945:
1419:
1251:
1065:
849:
774:
719:
684:
7268:
7205:
7195:
6745:
6503:
6463:
5820:
5514:
5090:
4821:
3961:
3211:
3152:
3068:
2045:
1874:
1565:
759:
664:
4699:
4643:
7177:
6990:
6822:
6383:
5882:
5720:
5527:
4481:
2919:
1823:
1520:
724:
714:
709:
689:
4543:
3752:
1523:
as the first black
Jamaican/Indian-American vice president on January 20, 2021, alongside President
6867:
6431:
6344:
5988:
5777:
5592:
5532:
5522:
5448:
5363:
1507:, which made him the highest-ranked black Jamaican-American among cabinet secretaries to enter the
1455:
789:
639:
554:
79:
4615:
7200:
6750:
6404:
6373:
6153:
6093:
5958:
5701:
3299:
3198:
2755:
2537:
2316:
1845:
1642:
are the only existing executive departments that have not yet had African-American secretaries.
1481:
1358:
674:
669:
544:
7115:
6845:
6083:
5877:
5867:
5805:
5615:
5554:
4357:
1442:. During the founding of the federal government, Black Americans were consigned to a status of
1155:
764:
729:
634:
609:
110:
102:
7190:
6703:
6568:
6523:
6339:
6058:
6023:
5842:
5825:
5632:
5549:
5178:
3904:
1780:
1534:
named the most African-Americans as secretaries to his first-term cabinet, with four: former
1472:
became the first Black-American to serve in a president's cabinet when he was appointed
1451:
749:
699:
654:
644:
629:
619:
604:
584:
559:
549:
539:
396:
3552:
51:
7432:
6840:
6603:
6414:
6366:
6238:
6128:
6033:
5800:
5790:
5762:
5627:
5481:
3455:
3318:
2807:
2768:
1646:
1443:
1329:
1272:
769:
744:
649:
589:
564:
534:
524:
194:
8:
7215:
6573:
6488:
5968:
5757:
5647:
5577:
3592:
2111:
1557:
704:
659:
599:
574:
529:
7220:
4946:"Senate confirms Cecilia Rouse as the first Black chair of White House economic council"
7288:
7225:
6968:
6426:
6193:
6173:
6078:
6003:
5830:
5735:
5725:
5713:
5604:
5501:
5476:
5353:
5341:
4544:"Lloyd Austin is confirmed, becoming the first Black defense secretary in U.S. history"
4179:
4151:
4085:
1836:
1492:, thus making her the first African-American to hold two different cabinet positions.
1439:
1383:(right) are the highest-ranking black Jamaican-American and Black-American to lead the
899:
734:
614:
579:
3408:
1834:
118:
6735:
6456:
6118:
6088:
5683:
5440:
5316:
5008:
2414:
1967:
1724:
1576:
1477:
1406:
909:
779:
739:
694:
594:
496:
391:
3875:"William T. Coleman Jr., Who Broke Racial Barriers in Court and Cabinet, Dies at 96"
3290:
3165:
2591:
6891:
6862:
6857:
6755:
6723:
6696:
6421:
6038:
6008:
5998:
5993:
5560:
5336:
3843:
3340:
2635:
2464:
2423:
2284:
2199:
1733:
1512:
1469:
1380:
501:
3331:
1907:
6886:
6713:
6623:
6618:
6549:
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)
6399:
6354:
6208:
6198:
6178:
6163:
6063:
5938:
5928:
5567:
5331:
5015:
3753:"Kamala Harris Makes History as First Woman and Woman of Color as Vice President"
3174:
3128:
3081:
2676:
2550:
1284:
904:
386:
369:
359:
302:
238:
165:
3588:
2496:
1778:
7323:
6728:
6691:
6681:
6441:
6436:
6378:
6213:
6143:
6073:
6068:
5572:
5496:
5368:
5358:
5311:
4677:
3417:
3090:
2717:
1650:
1504:
1459:
1203:
1130:
7449:
6281:
6263:
6253:
6223:
6168:
6123:
6108:
6053:
6043:
6028:
5978:
5973:
5943:
5740:
5668:
5491:
5388:
4482:"New Education Secretary John B. King Jr. knows the value of a second chance"
3480:
3376:
3249:
2777:
2685:
2644:
2240:
1916:
1516:
1423:
1335:
285:
227:
205:
154:
123:
5025:
3119:
6593:
6361:
6286:
6258:
6243:
6228:
6183:
6158:
6138:
6048:
6018:
6013:
5983:
5933:
5785:
5471:
4388:
3367:
3037:
2871:
2829:
2559:
2455:
2325:
1654:
1531:
1496:
1485:
1427:
1376:
1367:
381:
364:
352:
216:
143:
4915:"Senate confirms Michael Regan as head of Environmental Protection Agency"
6613:
6598:
6446:
6409:
6248:
6203:
6188:
5953:
5948:
5795:
5321:
5019:
2922:
of 1970. No African American had ever served while it was a cabinet post.
2600:
2505:
2155:
1568:
1463:
374:
3907:. United States Department of Health and Human Services. June 19, 2016.
3511:
List of minority governors and lieutenant governors in the United States
1279:
6148:
6133:
6103:
6098:
5847:
5815:
5654:
5622:
5326:
4605:"The United States Postal Service — An American History 1775–2002"
3220:
2862:
2726:
2100:
6484:
Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)
6762:
6608:
6113:
5897:
5835:
5730:
5378:
2379:
2067:
2013:
1549:
1538:
1524:
268:
5409:
2102:
7235:
7230:
6740:
5373:
3258:
2983:
denotes the first African-American holder of that particular office
1722:
1674:
denotes the first African-American holder of that particular office
1435:
6499:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
3501:
List of Hispanic and Latino American United States Cabinet members
3163:
5852:
2146:
1434:. The term is generally used for Americans with at least partial
3365:
2766:
2229:
2190:
1958:
6686:
4203:"Togo West Jr., 75, Dies; Army Secretary in Time of Transition"
3026:
2918:, a special agency independent of the executive branch, by the
2818:
2314:
1431:
2589:
2494:
2231:
2144:
1450:. No African American ever held a cabinet position before the
6498:
2058:
1586:
has had the most African-American secretaries, with six. The
7456:
African-American members of the Cabinet of the United States
2955:
The Secretary of Commerce and Labor became defunct when the
2370:
2368:
2275:
2056:
2004:
2002:
6543:
4114:"Senate Easily Confirms Slater As Transportation Secretary"
3247:
1193:
4884:"Senate confirms Linda Thomas-Greenfield as UN ambassador"
4234:"Senate Gives Quick Approval to 7 Bush Cabinet Appointees"
3296:
1422:
defines African Americans as citizens or residents of the
18:
List of African American United States Cabinet Secretaries
4575:"Senate confirms Ohio Rep. Marcia Fudge as HUD secretary"
4024:"Ron Brown, a pioneer at home in black and white America"
3428:
3395:
3390:
3351:
3310:
3277:
3272:
3236:
3231:
3193:
3188:
3147:
3142:
3106:
3101:
3056:
3051:
2890:
2885:
2846:
2794:
2745:
2740:
2704:
2699:
2663:
2658:
2622:
2617:
2578:
2573:
2527:
2522:
2483:
2478:
2442:
2437:
2401:
2396:
2347:
2342:
2303:
2298:
2262:
2257:
2218:
2213:
2177:
2172:
2133:
2128:
2089:
2084:
2035:
2030:
1986:
1981:
1935:
1930:
1896:
1891:
1864:
1859:
1811:
1806:
1755:
1750:
1198:
3932:"Samuel R. Pierce Jr., Ex-Housing Secretary, Dies at 78"
3288:
1575:. Clinton exceeded that record by three, including
4451:"Loretta Lynch confirmed by Senate as attorney general"
2108:
1649:
to cabinet or cabinet-level positions and taking their
3814:"History of the Treasury: Secretaries of the Treasury"
3474:
List of African-American United States representatives
3348:
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
7461:
Lists of members of the Cabinet of the United States
3445:
3184:
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
1964:
5164:
4853:"Senate approves Kirk as U.S. trade representative"
4644:"Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense"
4175:"Clinton Fills Cabinet After Scramble to Diversify"
3337:
2900:
2461:
2420:
2196:
1730:
1401:, which is the principal advisory body to the
3719:"Essays on Amendment XXV: Presidential Succession"
3589:"Time Line of African American History, 1881–1900"
3496:List of foreign-born United States Cabinet members
3171:
3125:
2273:
1956:
1842:
1786:
3414:
3329:
3087:
2453:
2412:
2188:
449:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
7447:
6534:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
3993:"Embattled Espy resigns as chief of Agriculture"
3425:Director of the Office of Management and Budget
3373:
3117:
2774:
2641:
2237:
1913:
1488:in 1977. Two years later, Carter tapped her for
6579:Black players in professional American football
6529:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
5076:African Americans in the United States Congress
4700:"General Records of the Department of Commerce"
3784:"A president for everyone, except Black people"
3676:
3674:
3642:
3640:
3469:List of African-American United States senators
3464:African Americans in the United States Congress
3406:
3307:United States Ambassador to the United Nations
3228:United States Ambassador to the United Nations
3138:Director of the Office of Management and Budget
3098:United States Ambassador to the United Nations
3079:
3034:
2868:
2826:
2674:
2556:
2322:
2281:
4975:Sullivan, Kate; Zaslav, Ali (March 15, 2022).
4974:
4822:"U.S. Senate confirms Rice as U.N. ambassador"
4420:"Senate Confirms Jeh Johnson as DHS Secretary"
3962:"Sullivan Confirmed as HHS Chief by 98-1 Vote"
3712:
3710:
3708:
3047:United States Ambassador to the United Nations
2910:ceased to be a member of the cabinet when the
2633:
2597:
2502:
2152:
1905:
5425:
5156:Speakers and presidents of state legislatures
5055:
5041:
4572:
3217:
2937:ceased to be members of the cabinet when the
2860:
2723:
2548:
1657:officials or nominees awaiting confirmation.
1305:
6292:Historically black colleges and universities
4704:National Archives and Records Administration
4648:National Archives and Records Administration
3671:
3637:
3506:List of Jewish United States Cabinet members
3486:List of female United States Cabinet members
2682:
2376:
2064:
2010:
1660:
3705:
3255:
3209:
2879:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
2734:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
2715:
2431:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
1924:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
1853:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
1841:
1831:
1584:Department of Housing and Urban Development
5432:
5418:
5151:National Black Caucus of State Legislators
5048:
5034:
4943:
4573:Stracqualursi, Veronica (March 10, 2021).
4513:"Ben Carson Is Confirmed as HUD Secretary"
4047:
4022:Balz, Dan; Sharon, Walsh (April 4, 1996).
4021:
3545:
2963:
1743:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
1474:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
1462:in public accommodations, employment, and
1312:
1298:
6509:National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)
5101:Majority-minority congressional districts
4541:
4479:
4358:"Holder Is Confirmed as Attorney General"
4173:Rosenbaum, David E. (December 21, 1996).
4172:
4079:Barringer, Felicity (December 18, 1992).
4078:
4072:
3746:
3744:
3386:Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers
1666:to the presidential order of succession.
4761:"M'HENRY APPOINTED TO YYOUNG'S U.N. JOB"
4728:
4676:. Department of the Navy. Archived from
4510:
4263:Schemo, Diana Jean (November 12, 2004).
4231:
3848:United States Department of the Interior
3818:United States Department of the Treasury
1878:
5394:District of Columbia statehood movement
4759:Teltsch, Kathleen (September 1, 1979).
4758:
4448:
4324:
4200:
4166:
3781:
3683:"Patricia R. Harris, Carter Aide, Dies"
3619:"Transcript of Civil Rights Act (1964)"
1975:Secretary of Health and Human Services
444:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
434:Multidistrict Litigation Judicial Panel
33:This article is part of a series on the
14:
7448:
7408:Topics related to the African diaspora
6514:National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
4850:
4789:
4638:
4636:
4389:"Foxx Cleared for Transportation Post"
4327:"Rice Is Confirmed Despite Opposition"
4293:
4262:
4136:
3942:from the original on December 19, 2012
3929:
3872:
3750:
3741:
3723:The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
1884:Secretary of Health and Human Services
1490:Secretary of Health and Human services
1342:black person to serve in a Cabinet as
7388:Landmark African-American legislation
5439:
5413:
5096:Congressional Black Caucus Foundation
5029:
4912:
4790:Hebert, H. Josef (January 23, 2009).
4729:Lelyveld, Joseph (February 6, 1977).
4554:from the original on January 22, 2021
4542:Edmondson, Catie (January 22, 2021).
4492:from the original on January 21, 2018
4430:from the original on October 23, 2017
4417:
4386:
4355:
4306:from the original on December 3, 2020
4265:"Education Secretary Plans to Resign"
4244:from the original on January 17, 2021
4111:
3794:from the original on February 2, 2021
3599:from the original on January 17, 1999
3528:
3526:
3491:List of first African-American mayors
3010:
1706:
1634:have had one. The Departments of the
804:Elections in the District of Columbia
6519:National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)
4511:Woellert, Lorraine (March 2, 2017).
4418:Saenz, Arlette (December 17, 2013).
4048:Harrington, Linda M. (May 1, 1994).
3990:
3885:from the original on January 3, 2018
3729:from the original on August 22, 2020
3680:
3646:
3569:from the original on October 9, 2022
3017:
1713:
1174:United States and the United Nations
406:Inferior Courts of the United States
6873:African-American Vernacular English
5399:African-American self-determination
5134:National Conference of Black Mayors
4987:from the original on March 18, 2022
4925:from the original on March 16, 2021
4881:
4654:from the original on March 18, 2021
4633:
4585:from the original on March 12, 2021
4523:from the original on March 13, 2017
4356:Lewis, Neil A. (February 2, 2009).
4325:Schweid, Barry (January 26, 2005).
4232:Anderson, Nick (January 21, 2001).
4213:from the original on March 28, 2018
3968:. Associated Press. March 1, 1989.
3930:Shenon, Philip (November 3, 2000).
3716:
3625:from the original on April 18, 2021
1344:Vice President of the United States
278:Vice President of the United States
24:
6791:U.S. cities with large populations
6494:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
4956:from the original on March 5, 2021
4894:from the original on July 13, 2021
4882:Lee, Matthew (February 24, 2021).
4832:from the original on July 13, 2021
4461:from the original on July 13, 2021
4368:from the original on March 3, 2021
4093:from the original on March 5, 2016
4060:from the original on July 13, 2021
4003:from the original on June 20, 2021
3854:from the original on July 20, 2015
3824:from the original on March 9, 2014
3763:from the original on July 13, 2021
3681:Boyd, Gerald M. (March 24, 1985).
3659:from the original on June 23, 2019
3523:
3268:United States Trade Representative
1590:has had three; the Departments of
1579:during his second term in office.
1438:in any of the original peoples of
342:Supreme Court of the United States
50:
25:
7477:
5664:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013
5660:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009
5467:African American founding fathers
5002:
4944:Tankersley, Jim (March 2, 2021).
4863:from the original on May 16, 2021
4802:from the original on June 2, 2021
4771:from the original on June 2, 2021
4740:from the original on June 2, 2021
4480:Resmovits, Joy (March 20, 2016).
4399:from the original on May 26, 2021
4337:from the original on May 26, 2021
4275:from the original on June 3, 2021
4148:United States Department of Labor
4124:from the original on May 26, 2021
4112:Stout, David (February 7, 1997).
3972:from the original on May 25, 2021
3911:from the original on May 22, 2015
3873:Hevesi, Dennis (March 31, 2017).
3782:Johnson, Kevin (April 14, 2013).
3751:Schaff, Erin (November 7, 2020).
3693:from the original on May 24, 2015
1610:have had two; the Departments of
72:Constitution of the United States
7466:Lists of African-American people
7426:
6544:United Negro College Fund (UNCF)
5689:Nadir of American race relations
5264:Black women in American politics
4710:from the original on May 6, 2021
4614:. September 2003. Archived from
4449:DeBonis, Mike (April 23, 2015).
4294:Neuman, Joanna (April 1, 2008).
3448:
3407:
3366:
3330:
3289:
3248:
3210:
3164:
3118:
3080:
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2957:Department of Commerce and Labor
2901:Former permanent cabinet members
2861:
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5540:Civil rights movement 1865–1896
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4194:
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3991:Baer, Susan (October 4, 1994).
3984:
3954:
3923:
3897:
3866:
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3806:
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1882:
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1729:
1509:presidential line of succession
1426:who have origins in any of the
1179:United Nations Security Council
1082:District of Columbia Government
6539:Thurgood Marshall College Fund
5545:Civil right movement 1896–1954
4387:Boles, Corey (June 28, 2013).
3844:"Past Secretaries of Interior"
3775:
3647:Weil, Martin (July 20, 1997).
3611:
3581:
2991:
2610:Secretary of Homeland Security
2292:Secretary of Veterans Affairs
1682:
1403:President of the United States
295:United States Attorney General
261:President of the United States
13:
1:
6719:Cherokee freedmen controversy
5695:The Negro Motorist Green Book
4913:Stark, Liz (March 10, 2021).
3539:
2973:officers of the United States
2165:Secretary of Veterans Affairs
1573:Secretary of Veterans affairs
1416:federal executive departments
439:Alien Terrorist Removal Court
5022:. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
4612:United States Postal Service
3553:"The Black Population: 2010"
3435:
3399:
3358:
3322:
3281:
3240:
3202:
3156:
3110:
3072:
2916:United States Postal Service
2894:
2853:
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2759:
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2667:
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2567:Secretary of Transportation
2541:
2487:
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2307:
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2222:
2207:Secretary of Transportation
2181:
2137:
2093:
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1995:
1949:
1827:
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1588:Department of Transportation
1399:Cabinet of the United States
1385:Federal Executive Department
429:Court of International Trade
7:
6589:Black players in ice hockey
6524:National Urban League (NUL)
6350:American Society of Muslims
5588:Selma to Montgomery marches
5508:Brown v. Board of Education
5124:Statewide elected officials
4792:"Jackson confirmed for EPA"
4731:"Our new voice at the U.N."
4296:"Housing secretary resigns"
3905:"HHS Historical Highlights"
3725:. The Heritage Foundation.
3560:United States Census Bureau
3441:
1799:Secretary of Transportation
10:
7482:
6746:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
6504:Nashville Student Movement
5515:Children of the plantation
5296:Candidates for U.S. Senate
5141:Statewide and local firsts
5091:Congressional Black Caucus
3062:
3060:
2914:was re-organized into the
7416:
7383:Index of related articles
7261:
7176:
6900:
6833:
6771:
6671:
6632:
6564:
6557:
6472:
6392:
6384:Doctrine of Father Divine
6330:
6272:
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5768:Women's suffrage movement
5721:Reconstruction Amendments
5528:Voting Rights Act of 1965
5447:
5304:
5276:
5241:
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5068:
5061:
5056:African-American politics
4796:The Philadelphia Inquirer
4674:"Secretaries of the Navy"
3403:
3362:
3326:
3317:
3285:
3244:
3206:
3197:
3160:
3114:
3076:
3067:
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3007:
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2998:
2995:
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2920:Postal Reorganization Act
2857:
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2806:
2803:
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2763:
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2536:
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1953:
1941:
1939:
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1868:
1775:
1719:
1712:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1661:Permanent cabinet members
1596:Health and Human Services
870:List of political parties
7433:United States portal
6868:African-American English
6297:Inventors and scientists
5989:George Washington Carver
5593:Chicago Freedom Movement
5284:Candidates for President
3788:The Philadelphia Tribune
3516:
2948:became defunct when the
2023:Secretary of Agriculture
1543:Secretary of Agriculture
1456:Civil Rights Act of 1964
1444:second-class citizenship
1387:; each held the post of
1273:United States portal
785:Northern Mariana Islands
133:House of Representatives
7356:African-American firsts
6405:Back-to-Africa movement
6374:Black Hebrew Israelites
6154:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
5702:Partus sequitur ventrem
5249:Officeholders 1789–1866
5146:First state legislators
4393:The Wall Street Journal
3649:"Robert C. Weaver Dies"
3300:Linda Thomas-Greenfield
2964:Cabinet-level positions
2927:Secretaries of the Navy
2693:Secretary of Education
1482:Patricia Roberts Harris
1002:Individualist anarchism
174:Congressional districts
7324:Spingarn Medal winners
6813:States and territories
6584:Black NFL quarterbacks
6084:Martin Luther King Jr.
5616:Dred Scott v. Sandford
5555:Montgomery bus boycott
2939:Department of the Navy
2912:Post Office Department
2389:Secretary of Education
1653:; they do not include
1566:DAV executive director
1454:or the signing of the
1414:or head of one of the
1139:Diplomatic missions of
1017:Political polarization
487:Presidential elections
111:United States Congress
55:
6634:Athletic associations
6569:Negro league baseball
6340:African-American Jews
6059:Ketanji Brown Jackson
6024:Henry Highland Garnet
5883:Negro National Anthem
5633:George Floyd protests
5598:Post–civil rights era
2077:Secretary of Commerce
1556:; corporate director
1554:Secretary of Commerce
1495:On January 20, 2001,
1452:civil rights movement
214:President Pro Tempore
54:
6841:Afro-Seminole Creole
6367:Azusa Street Revival
6239:Booker T. Washington
5763:Underground Railroad
5628:Free people of color
5482:Atlantic slave trade
5347:in the United States
5166:Legislative Caucuses
4828:. January 23, 2009.
4798:. Associated Press.
3456:United States portal
2839:Secretary of Defense
1499:assumed the post of
1143:in the United States
883:Political ideologies
507:Presidential primary
7236:Trinidad and Tobago
6851:Black American Sign
6678:By African descent
6672:Ethnic subdivisions
6659:Southwestern (SWAC)
6574:Baseball color line
6489:Black Panther Party
6393:Political movements
6310:in computer science
5969:Carol Moseley Braun
5758:Tulsa race massacre
5751:Treatment of slaves
5583:March on Washington
5578:Birmingham movement
5305:Political movements
4455:The Washington Post
4050:"No Pie in the Sky"
4028:The Washington Post
3936:The WNew York Times
3653:The Washington Post
3593:Library of Congress
2472:Secretary of State
2121:Secretary of Energy
1562:Secretary of Energy
1536:U.S. representative
1511:, standing fourth.
1285:Politics portal
1120:Department of State
795:U.S. Virgin Islands
7334:US representatives
7329:US cabinet members
7221:Dominican Republic
6808:Metropolitan areas
6649:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
6474:Civic and economic
6452:Self-determination
6273:Education, science
6194:Fred Shuttlesworth
6174:A. Philip Randolph
6079:Coretta Scott King
6004:Frederick Douglass
5831:Harlem Renaissance
5736:Separate but equal
5726:Reconstruction era
5714:Plessy v. Ferguson
5605:Cornerstone Speech
5519:Civil Rights Acts
5502:Black Lives Matter
5477:American Civil War
5354:Black Lives Matter
5018:- Provided by the
5014:2022-11-10 at the
4950:The New York Times
4765:The New York Times
4734:The New York Times
4548:The New York Times
4362:The New York Times
4269:The New York Times
4207:The New York Times
4180:The New York Times
4144:"Alexis M. Herman"
4118:The New York Times
4086:The New York Times
3879:The New York Times
3757:The New York Times
3687:The New York Times
3102:September 23, 1979
3057:September 23, 1979
3014:Administration(s)
2908:Postmaster General
2335:Secretary of State
2250:Secretary of Labor
1865:September 10, 1979
1710:Administration(s)
1577:cabinet reshuffles
1501:Secretary of State
1440:sub-Saharan Africa
1420:U.S. Census Bureau
1389:Secretary of State
1127:Secretary of State
497:Off-year elections
479:National Elections
186:Non-voting members
64:Federal government
56:
7441:
7440:
7269:African Americans
7141:Dallas–Fort Worth
6736:Black Southerners
6667:
6666:
6119:Thurgood Marshall
6089:Bernard Lafayette
5684:Million Man March
5441:African Americans
5407:
5406:
5272:
5271:
5237:
5236:
4680:on August 1, 2014
4486:Los Angeles Times
4331:The Seattle Times
4300:Los Angeles Times
4238:Los Angeles Times
3997:The Baltimore Sun
3966:Los Angeles Times
3439:
3438:
3311:February 25, 2021
3194:February 19, 2013
2950:Department of War
2898:
2897:
2652:Attorney General
2618:December 23, 2013
2214:February 14, 1997
2036:December 31, 1994
1992:George H. W. Bush
1968:Louis W. Sullivan
1756:December 18, 1968
1628:Homeland Security
1521:being inaugurated
1478:Lyndon B. Johnson
1322:
1321:
1161:Visa requirements
1113:Foreign relations
1012:Political culture
952:Constitutionalism
830:Political parties
815:List of Elections
502:Primary elections
492:Midterm elections
414:Courts of appeals
42:
16:(Redirected from
7473:
7431:
7430:
7429:
7393:Lynching victims
6892:Louisiana Creole
6863:American English
6751:Louisiana Creole
6724:Choctaw freedmen
6562:
6561:
6099:Huddie Ledbetter
6039:Fannie Lou Hamer
6009:W. E. B. Du Bois
5999:Claudette Colvin
5994:Shirley Chisholm
5811:Family structure
5679:Military history
5561:Browder v. Gayle
5434:
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5162:
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4888:Associated Press
4879:
4873:
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4848:
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4218:
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4191:
4189:
4187:
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4163:
4161:
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4150:. Archived from
4140:
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4131:
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3232:January 26, 2009
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3189:January 23, 2009
3179:
3178:
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3133:
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3122:
3108:
3107:January 20, 1981
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3095:
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3084:
3058:
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3052:January 30, 1977
3042:
3041:
3040:
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2993:
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2946:Secretary of War
2892:
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2847:January 22, 2021
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2795:January 20, 2021
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2664:January 20, 2017
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2649:
2648:
2647:
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2623:January 20, 2017
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2579:January 20, 2017
2575:
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2523:February 3, 2009
2515:Attorney General
2510:
2509:
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2484:January 20, 2009
2480:
2479:January 26, 2005
2469:
2468:
2467:
2465:Condoleezza Rice
2458:
2444:
2439:
2428:
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2424:Alphonso Jackson
2417:
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2402:January 20, 2005
2398:
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2348:January 26, 2005
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2219:January 20, 2001
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2200:Rodney E. Slater
2193:
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2173:January 22, 1993
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2134:January 20, 1997
2130:
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2105:
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2085:January 22, 1993
2072:
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2031:January 22, 1993
2018:
2017:
2016:
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1988:
1987:January 20, 1993
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1972:
1971:
1970:
1961:
1937:
1936:January 20, 1989
1932:
1931:January 23, 1981
1921:
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1897:January 20, 1981
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1860:January 23, 1977
1850:
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1813:
1812:January 20, 1977
1808:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1783:
1757:
1752:
1751:January 18, 1966
1738:
1737:
1736:
1734:Robert C. Weaver
1727:
1715:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1608:Veterans Affairs
1558:Hazel R. O'Leary
1513:Condoleezza Rice
1503:under President
1470:Robert C. Weaver
1407:African-American
1381:Condoleezza Rice
1370:
1361:
1332:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1283:
1282:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1090:District Council
1073:Local government
957:Environmentalism
321:Executive Office
316:Federal agencies
126:
121:
41:Politics of the
40:
29:
28:
21:
7481:
7480:
7476:
7475:
7474:
7472:
7471:
7470:
7446:
7445:
7442:
7437:
7427:
7425:
7412:
7378:Historic places
7371:US state firsts
7257:
7172:
6896:
6829:
6801:2010 majorities
6796:2000 majorities
6767:
6714:Black Seminoles
6663:
6654:Southern (SIAC)
6637:
6636:and conferences
6635:
6628:
6624:Serena Williams
6619:Jackie Robinson
6553:
6477:
6475:
6468:
6388:
6355:Nation of Islam
6326:
6274:
6268:
6209:Sojourner Truth
6199:Clarence Thomas
6164:Gabriel Prosser
6064:Michael Jackson
5939:Crispus Attucks
5929:Ralph Abernathy
5917:
5873:Musical theater
5772:
5638:Great Migration
5610:COVID-19 impact
5568:Sit-in movement
5443:
5438:
5408:
5403:
5300:
5268:
5233:
5160:
5117:State and local
5112:
5108:Cabinet members
5057:
5054:
5016:Wayback Machine
5005:
5000:
4990:
4988:
4973:
4969:
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4957:
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4054:Chicago Tribune
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3717:Feerick, John.
3715:
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3175:Lisa P. Jackson
3173:
3172:
3129:Franklin Raines
3127:
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2980:
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2700:January 1, 2016
2684:
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2438:August 31, 2004
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2197:
2154:
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2110:
2109:
2066:
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2012:
2011:
1966:
1965:
1915:
1914:
1846:Patricia Harris
1844:
1843:
1790:William Coleman
1788:
1787:
1732:
1731:
1671:
1663:
1458:, which banned
1430:populations of
1395:
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1393:
1392:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1340:highest-ranking
1333:
1318:
1289:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1257:
1256:
1208:
1190:
1170:
1151:Nationality law
1147:
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1077:
1032:
1022:
1021:
1008:
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866:
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832:
822:
821:
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521:
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483:
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464:
463:
458:Other tribunals
453:
419:District courts
401:
336:
326:
325:
307:
303:Merrick Garland
255:
245:
244:
239:Mitch McConnell
236:Minority Leader
225:Majority Leader
190:
166:Hakeem Jeffries
163:Minority Leader
152:Majority Leader
128:
105:
95:
94:
66:
43:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7479:
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7344:Visual artists
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
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7306:
7304:Mathematicians
7301:
7296:
7291:
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7143:
7138:
7128:
7123:
7121:South Carolina
7118:
7113:
7112:
7111:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7091:North Carolina
7088:
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7086:
7076:
7071:
7070:
7069:
7059:
7054:
7053:
7052:
7044:
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7036:Massachusetts
7034:
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7016:
7015:
7005:
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6889:
6884:
6883:
6882:
6881:
6880:
6878:social context
6875:
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6855:
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6853:
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6759:
6758:
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6743:
6738:
6733:
6732:
6731:
6729:Creek Freedmen
6726:
6721:
6716:
6706:
6704:Alabama Creole
6701:
6700:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6644:Central (CIAA)
6640:
6638:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6627:
6626:
6621:
6616:
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6606:
6601:
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6460:
6459:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6437:Pan-Africanism
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6418:
6417:
6407:
6402:
6396:
6394:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6386:
6381:
6379:Black theology
6376:
6371:
6370:
6369:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6352:
6342:
6336:
6334:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6320:in STEM fields
6317:
6312:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6278:
6276:
6275:and technology
6270:
6269:
6267:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6214:Harriet Tubman
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6144:Michelle Obama
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6074:Barbara Jordan
6071:
6069:Harriet Jacobs
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5959:Amelia Boynton
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5925:
5923:
5922:Notable people
5919:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
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5858:LGBT community
5855:
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5808:
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5620:
5612:
5607:
5602:
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5573:Freedom Riders
5570:
5565:
5557:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5517:
5512:
5504:
5499:
5497:Black genocide
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5453:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5437:
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5422:
5414:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5369:Black feminism
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5312:Pan-Africanism
5308:
5306:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5273:
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5063:
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5004:
5003:External links
5001:
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3429:March 17, 2022
3426:
3423:
3418:Shalanda Young
3412:
3405:
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3396:March 31, 2023
3393:
3391:March 12, 2021
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3352:March 11, 2021
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3278:March 15, 2013
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3143:April 13, 1996
3140:
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3091:Donald McHenry
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2528:April 27, 2015
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2443:April 18, 2008
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2008:
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1651:oath of office
1505:George W. Bush
1460:discrimination
1412:Vice President
1375:
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1365:
1364:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1334:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1275:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1242:European Union
1239:
1237:United Kingdom
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1145:
1134:
1133:
1131:Antony Blinken
1123:
1122:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:Superior Court
1097:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
999:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
967:Libertarianism
964:
959:
954:
949:
942:
941:
940:
939:
934:
924:
923:
922:
920:Traditionalist
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
886:
881:
880:
877:
876:
873:
872:
865:
864:
863:
862:
857:
845:
844:
839:
833:
828:
827:
824:
823:
820:
819:
808:
807:
798:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
775:American Samoa
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
720:South Carolina
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
685:North Carolina
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
520:
519:
512:
511:
510:
509:
499:
494:
489:
482:
481:
475:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
452:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
416:
410:
409:
400:
399:
394:
389:
384:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
356:
355:
346:
345:
337:
332:
331:
328:
327:
324:
323:
318:
313:
306:
305:
299:
298:
290:
289:
282:
281:
273:
272:
265:
264:
256:
251:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
232:
231:
221:
220:
210:
209:
199:
198:
189:
188:
182:
181:
170:
169:
159:
158:
148:
147:
137:
136:
115:
114:
106:
101:
100:
97:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
76:
75:
67:
62:
61:
58:
57:
47:
46:
36:
35:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7478:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7444:
7434:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7418:
7415:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7403:Neighborhoods
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7366:Sports firsts
7364:
7362:
7359:
7358:
7357:
7354:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7271:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7260:
7252:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7188:
7187:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7179:
7175:
7169:
7168:West Virginia
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7133:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7110:
7107:
7106:
7105:Pennsylvania
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7085:
7084:New York City
7082:
7081:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7068:
7065:
7064:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7051:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7031:
7028:
7027:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6997:
6994:
6993:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6980:
6977:
6976:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6963:
6960:
6959:
6958:
6955:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6929:
6928:San Francisco
6926:
6924:
6921:
6920:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6905:
6903:
6901:By state/city
6899:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6870:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6860:
6859:
6856:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6846:American Sign
6844:
6842:
6839:
6838:
6836:
6832:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6815:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6793:
6792:
6789:
6785:
6782:
6781:
6780:
6779:Neighborhoods
6777:
6776:
6774:
6770:
6764:
6761:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6710:
6709:Black Indians
6707:
6705:
6702:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6670:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6631:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6560:
6556:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6471:
6465:
6462:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6391:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6363:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6347:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6329:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6287:Black schools
6285:
6283:
6282:Black studies
6280:
6279:
6277:
6271:
6265:
6264:Whitney Young
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6254:Oprah Winfrey
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6224:Denmark Vesey
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6169:Joseph Rainey
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6124:Toni Morrison
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6109:Joseph Lowery
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6054:Jesse Jackson
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6044:Kamala Harris
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6029:Marcus Garvey
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5979:Blanche Bruce
5977:
5975:
5974:Edward Brooke
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5964:James Bradley
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5944:James Baldwin
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5888:Neighborhoods
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5779:
5775:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5741:Silent Parade
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5669:Jim Crow laws
5667:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5492:Black cowboys
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5435:
5430:
5428:
5423:
5421:
5416:
5415:
5412:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5389:Mute R. Kelly
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5303:
5297:
5294:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5275:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5106:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5062:Officeholders
5060:
5051:
5046:
5044:
5039:
5037:
5032:
5031:
5028:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5006:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4971:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4940:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4909:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4878:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4847:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4786:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4755:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4725:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4679:
4675:
4669:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4639:
4637:
4621:on 2013-12-19
4617:
4613:
4606:
4600:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4569:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4538:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4507:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4476:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4445:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4414:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4352:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4321:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4290:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4259:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4228:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4169:
4154:on 2008-11-05
4153:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4108:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4075:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4044:
4029:
4025:
4018:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3987:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3926:
3915:September 15,
3910:
3906:
3900:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3778:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3745:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3677:
3675:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3643:
3641:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3548:
3544:
3529:
3527:
3522:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:Black Cabinet
3479:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3446:
3432:
3427:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3402:
3394:
3389:
3387:
3378:
3377:Cecilia Rouse
3369:
3361:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3325:
3320:
3314:
3309:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3260:
3251:
3243:
3237:June 30, 2013
3235:
3230:
3227:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3205:
3200:
3192:
3187:
3185:
3176:
3167:
3159:
3154:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3139:
3130:
3121:
3113:
3105:
3100:
3097:
3092:
3086:
3083:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3055:
3050:
3048:
3039:
3030:
3022:
2989:
2984:
2981: *
2978:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2969:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2889:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2856:
2850:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2814:
2809:
2798:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2779:
2778:Kamala Harris
2770:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2744:
2741:March 2, 2017
2739:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2670:
2662:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2646:
2645:Loretta Lynch
2640:
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2304:July 25, 2000
2302:
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2261:
2256:
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2251:
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2241:Alexis Herman
2233:
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2209:
2206:
2201:
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2178:July 13, 1997
2176:
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2096:
2090:April 3, 1996
2088:
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2069:
2060:
2052:
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2034:
2029:
2026:
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2015:
2006:
1998:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1982:March 1, 1989
1980:
1977:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1917:Samuel Pierce
1912:
1909:
1901:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1863:
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1855:
1852:
1847:
1838:
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1825:
1822:
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1807:March 7, 1975
1805:
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1791:
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1669:
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1559:
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1551:
1548:
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1537:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1517:Kamala Harris
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1476:by President
1475:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
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1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:United States
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1405:, has had 35
1404:
1400:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:Kamala Harris
1331:
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1308:
1303:
1301:
1296:
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1292:
1286:
1281:
1276:
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1247:Latin America
1245:
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1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
993:
990:
988:
987:Republicanism
985:
983:
982:Protectionism
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
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938:
937:Progressivism
935:
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930:
929:
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925:
921:
918:
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868:
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861:
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850:Third parties
848:
847:
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840:
838:
835:
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831:
826:
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818:
816:
811:
810:
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793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
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773:
771:
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766:
763:
761:
760:West Virginia
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
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733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
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688:
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683:
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678:
676:
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671:
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665:New Hampshire
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
625:Massachusetts
623:
621:
618:
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613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
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531:
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398:
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385:
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368:
366:
363:
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358:
357:
354:
351:
350:Chief Justice
348:
347:
344:
343:
339:
338:
335:
330:
329:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
304:
301:
300:
297:
296:
292:
291:
287:
286:Kamala Harris
284:
283:
280:
279:
275:
274:
270:
267:
266:
263:
262:
258:
257:
254:
249:
248:
240:
237:
234:
233:
229:
228:Chuck Schumer
226:
223:
222:
218:
215:
212:
211:
207:
206:Kamala Harris
204:
201:
200:
197:
196:
192:
191:
187:
184:
183:
179:
175:
172:
171:
167:
164:
161:
160:
156:
155:Steve Scalise
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
134:
130:
129:
127:
125:
120:
113:
112:
108:
107:
104:
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91:
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83:
81:
78:
77:
74:
73:
69:
68:
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60:
59:
53:
49:
48:
45:
44:United States
38:
37:
34:
31:
30:
27:
19:
7443:
7328:
7319:Sportspeople
7289:Billionaires
7206:Sierra Leone
7109:Philadelphia
6945:Jacksonville
6772:Demographics
6604:Jack Johnson
6594:Muhammad Ali
6427:Conservatism
6362:Black church
6259:Andrew Young
6244:Ida B. Wells
6234:David Walker
6229:C. T. Vivian
6184:Paul Robeson
6179:Hiram Revels
6159:Colin Powell
6139:Barack Obama
6094:James Lawson
6049:Jimi Hendrix
6019:James Farmer
6014:Medgar Evers
5984:Ralph Bunche
5934:Maya Angelou
5908:Middle class
5786:Afrofuturism
5712:
5700:
5693:
5614:
5559:
5506:
5472:Afrocentrism
5462:Abolitionism
5342:Conservatism
5224:Pennsylvania
5107:
4989:. Retrieved
4980:
4970:
4958:. Retrieved
4949:
4939:
4927:. Retrieved
4918:
4908:
4896:. Retrieved
4887:
4877:
4865:. Retrieved
4856:
4846:
4836:November 19,
4834:. Retrieved
4825:
4816:
4804:. Retrieved
4795:
4785:
4773:. Retrieved
4764:
4754:
4742:. Retrieved
4733:
4724:
4714:November 15,
4712:. Retrieved
4694:
4684:November 16,
4682:. Retrieved
4678:the original
4668:
4658:November 15,
4656:. Retrieved
4625:November 13,
4623:. Retrieved
4616:the original
4599:
4587:. Retrieved
4578:
4568:
4556:. Retrieved
4547:
4537:
4525:. Retrieved
4516:
4506:
4494:. Retrieved
4485:
4475:
4463:. Retrieved
4454:
4444:
4432:. Retrieved
4423:
4413:
4401:. Retrieved
4392:
4382:
4370:. Retrieved
4361:
4351:
4341:November 24,
4339:. Retrieved
4330:
4320:
4308:. Retrieved
4299:
4289:
4279:February 16,
4277:. Retrieved
4268:
4258:
4246:. Retrieved
4237:
4227:
4215:. Retrieved
4206:
4196:
4184:. Retrieved
4178:
4168:
4156:. Retrieved
4152:the original
4138:
4126:. Retrieved
4117:
4107:
4095:. Retrieved
4084:
4074:
4064:November 19,
4062:. Retrieved
4053:
4043:
4031:. Retrieved
4027:
4017:
4005:. Retrieved
3996:
3986:
3974:. Retrieved
3965:
3956:
3946:February 22,
3944:. Retrieved
3935:
3925:
3913:. Retrieved
3899:
3889:February 16,
3887:. Retrieved
3878:
3868:
3856:. Retrieved
3838:
3826:. Retrieved
3808:
3796:. Retrieved
3787:
3777:
3767:November 24,
3765:. Retrieved
3756:
3731:. Retrieved
3722:
3695:. Retrieved
3686:
3663:February 21,
3661:. Retrieved
3652:
3627:. Retrieved
3613:
3601:. Retrieved
3583:
3571:. Retrieved
3547:
3148:May 21, 1998
3038:Andrew Young
2979:
2970:
2967:
2872:Marcia Fudge
2830:Lloyd Austin
2574:July 2, 2013
2560:Anthony Foxx
2326:Colin Powell
2285:Togo D. West
1670:
1664:
1644:
1581:
1547:DNC chairman
1532:Bill Clinton
1529:
1497:Colin Powell
1494:
1486:Jimmy Carter
1468:
1464:labor unions
1396:
1377:Colin Powell
1080:
1056:Legislatures
1036:
947:Abolitionism
890:Conservatism
812:
802:
725:South Dakota
715:Rhode Island
710:Pennsylvania
690:North Dakota
516:
478:
456:
404:
353:John Roberts
340:
293:
276:
259:
217:Patty Murray
193:
144:Mike Johnson
131:
116:
109:
70:
32:
26:
7339:US senators
7309:Republicans
7294:Journalists
7151:San Antonio
7116:Puerto Rico
7057:Mississippi
6950:Tallahassee
6923:Los Angeles
6614:Jesse Owens
6599:Arthur Ashe
6457:Nationalism
6447:Raised fist
6410:Black power
6315:in medicine
6249:Roy Wilkins
6204:Emmett Till
6189:Al Sharpton
5954:Julian Bond
5949:James Bevel
5913:Upper class
5903:Stereotypes
5796:Black mecca
5708:Plantations
5487:Black Codes
5384:Republicans
5322:Black Power
5317:Nationalism
5020:White House
5009:The Cabinet
4806:January 27,
4434:November 1,
4372:February 6,
4248:November 9,
4217:February 6,
4186:February 6,
4158:November 8,
4128:February 1,
4097:November 8,
4007:November 9,
3976:November 2,
3858:November 8,
3697:January 10,
3629:February 8,
3603:October 22,
3008:Term start
3005:Term start
2804:Democratic
2752:Republican
2601:Jeh Johnson
2534:Democratic
2506:Eric Holder
2354:Republican
2299:May 4, 1998
2258:May 1, 1997
2156:Jesse Brown
2042:Democratic
1942:Republican
1871:Democratic
1701:Term start
1647:U.S. Senate
1612:Agriculture
1569:Jesse Brown
1379:(left) and
1252:Arab League
1166:Visa policy
1042:Territorial
855:Libertarian
790:Puerto Rico
640:Mississippi
555:Connecticut
103:Legislature
7450:Categories
7284:Astronauts
7074:New Jersey
6918:California
6422:Capitalism
6219:Nat Turner
6149:Rosa Parks
6134:Diane Nash
6104:John Lewis
5893:Newspapers
5863:Literature
5848:Juneteenth
5801:Businesses
5655:Exodusters
5623:Free Negro
5337:Capitalism
5327:Black fist
5277:Candidates
5174:California
3540:References
3433:Incumbent
3356:Incumbent
3315:Incumbent
3221:Susan Rice
3064:Democratic
2851:Incumbent
2799:Incumbent
2727:Ben Carson
1819:Republican
1763:Democratic
1697:Succession
1541:(D-MS) as
1530:President
1044:government
1030:Federalism
972:Monarchism
927:Liberalism
842:Republican
837:Democratic
755:Washington
675:New Mexico
670:New Jersey
545:California
7398:Monuments
7274:Activists
7126:Tennessee
7046:Michigan
7030:Baltimore
7020:Louisiana
7013:Lexington
6996:Davenport
6935:Cleveland
6834:Languages
6763:Melungeon
6741:Blaxicans
6609:Joe Louis
6464:Socialism
6400:Anarchism
6129:Bob Moses
6114:Malcolm X
6034:Fred Gray
5898:Soul food
5836:New Negro
5821:Folktales
5731:Redlining
5379:Garveyism
5332:Anarchism
5259:1900–1959
5254:1866–1900
5214:Louisiana
4991:March 16,
4960:March 24,
4929:March 21,
4775:March 26,
4744:March 22,
4589:March 22,
4527:March 12,
4496:April 12,
4465:April 25,
4310:April 12,
3828:March 22,
3798:April 15,
3573:March 22,
2996:Portrait
2931:Air Force
2686:John King
2380:Rod Paige
2068:Ron Brown
2014:Mike Espy
1704:Term end
1687:Portrait
1592:Education
1550:Ron Brown
1539:Mike Espy
1525:Joe Biden
1480:in 1966.
1156:Passports
1051:Governors
997:Anarchism
992:Socialism
765:Wisconsin
730:Tennessee
635:Minnesota
610:Louisiana
472:Elections
387:Kavanaugh
370:Sotomayor
334:Judiciary
269:Joe Biden
253:Executive
203:President
7421:Category
7212:America
7178:Diaspora
7163:Virginia
7096:Oklahoma
7079:New York
7062:Nebraska
7025:Maryland
7008:Kentucky
6974:Illinois
6913:Arkansas
6818:Illinois
6756:of color
6442:Populism
6415:Movement
6332:Religion
5674:Lynching
5457:Timeline
5374:Womanism
5359:Populism
5229:Virginia
5209:Missouri
5204:Maryland
5189:Illinois
5179:Delaware
5012:Archived
4985:Archived
4954:Archived
4923:Archived
4898:March 1,
4892:Archived
4867:March 1,
4861:Archived
4830:Archived
4800:Archived
4769:Archived
4738:Archived
4708:Archived
4652:Archived
4583:Archived
4552:Archived
4521:Archived
4517:Politico
4490:Archived
4459:Archived
4428:Archived
4424:ABC News
4403:June 30,
4397:Archived
4366:Archived
4335:Archived
4304:Archived
4273:Archived
4242:Archived
4211:Archived
4122:Archived
4091:Archived
4058:Archived
4033:April 2,
4001:Archived
3970:Archived
3940:Archived
3909:Archived
3883:Archived
3852:Archived
3822:Archived
3792:Archived
3761:Archived
3727:Archived
3691:Archived
3657:Archived
3623:Archived
3597:Archived
3564:Archived
3442:See also
3259:Ron Kirk
1640:Treasury
1638:and the
1636:Interior
1616:Commerce
1448:enslaved
1436:ancestry
977:Populism
962:Feminism
750:Virginia
700:Oklahoma
680:New York
655:Nebraska
645:Missouri
630:Michigan
620:Maryland
605:Kentucky
585:Illinois
560:Delaware
550:Colorado
540:Arkansas
85:Taxation
7349:Writers
7314:Singers
7299:Jurists
7247:Europe
7201:Liberia
7146:Houston
7050:Detroit
6986:Indiana
6979:Chicago
6962:Atlanta
6957:Georgia
6940:Florida
6908:Alabama
6858:English
6432:Leftism
6302:Museums
5853:Kwanzaa
5778:Culture
5746:Slavery
5449:History
5364:Leftism
5242:General
5194:Indiana
5184:Georgia
5069:Federal
4857:Reuters
4826:Reuters
4558:May 24,
3733:July 3,
3153:Clinton
3002:Office
2046:Clinton
1768:Johnson
1693:Office
1620:Defense
1600:Justice
1338:is the
895:history
770:Wyoming
745:Vermont
650:Montana
590:Indiana
570:Georgia
565:Florida
535:Arizona
525:Alabama
397:Jackson
392:Barrett
382:Gorsuch
311:Cabinet
141:Speaker
7361:Mayors
7279:Actors
7251:France
7243:Israel
7231:Mexico
7216:Canada
7191:Gambia
7186:Africa
7136:Austin
7101:Oregon
7040:Boston
7003:Kansas
6969:Hawaii
6887:Gullah
6697:Yoruba
6687:Gullah
6558:Sports
6476:groups
6306:Women
5843:Hoodoo
5717:(1896)
5643:Second
5619:(1857)
5564:(1956)
5511:(1954)
5199:Kansas
5129:Mayors
5086:Senate
3069:Carter
3011:Party
2933:, and
1946:Reagan
1875:Carter
1707:Party
1655:acting
1630:, and
1624:Energy
1606:, and
1564:; and
1432:Africa
1232:Canada
1212:Russia
1066:Courts
932:Modern
915:Social
910:Paleo-
705:Oregon
660:Nevada
600:Kansas
575:Hawaii
530:Alaska
360:Thomas
195:Senate
90:Policy
7262:Lists
7226:Haiti
7196:Ghana
7131:Texas
7067:Omaha
6345:Islam
5878:Names
5868:Music
5806:Dance
5081:House
4619:(PDF)
4608:(PDF)
3567:(PDF)
3556:(PDF)
3517:Notes
3319:Biden
3199:Obama
2999:Name
2808:Biden
2756:Trump
2538:Obama
1690:Name
1632:Labor
1604:State
1428:black
1227:Japan
1222:India
1217:China
1095:Mayor
1038:State
900:Black
860:Green
735:Texas
615:Maine
580:Idaho
375:Kagan
365:Alito
7158:Utah
6991:Iowa
6823:Ohio
6784:list
6692:Igbo
6682:Fula
5826:Hair
5816:Film
5533:1968
5523:1964
5289:list
5219:Ohio
4993:2022
4962:2021
4931:2021
4900:2021
4869:2021
4838:2009
4808:2009
4777:2021
4746:2021
4716:2008
4686:2008
4660:2008
4627:2008
4591:2021
4560:2021
4529:2017
4498:2018
4467:2015
4436:2018
4405:2013
4374:2009
4343:2009
4312:2008
4281:2009
4250:2012
4219:2019
4188:2009
4160:2008
4130:2020
4099:2008
4066:2008
4035:2015
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