105:, but other Halkomelem-speakers in the area were also considered Cowichan; the Snaw-na-ass (Nanoose Bay) and Sneneymux (Nanaimo) peoples were Hulquminum speakers were separate from the Cowichan. In the 19th century this term or the variant "Cowidgin" was applied to all Halkomelem-speaking groups and certain others such as the Skwxwu7mesh and Semiahmoo. On Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands, other Cowichan groups are such as the Halalt, Malahat, Penelakut, Lyackson and Lamalcha.
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Peoples who spoke
Downriver Halkomelem lived from the Stave River westwards to the mouth of the Fraser, and included the Tsleil-waututh on Burrard Inlet.
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has been used by certain linguists to mean "Halkomelem-speaking peoples" but such a group does not exist as an ethnicity or band or other group:
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Halqemeylem or
Upriver Halkomelem was spoken by peoples from the Stave River upstream to the lower reaches of the Fraser Canyon at
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Hulquminum or Island
Halkomelem was spoken on the other side of Georgia Straight, and is most identified with the
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25:, or who did so historically (as most living members of those peoples no longer speak them). The term
118:(the MÁLEXEȽ speak both Hulquminum and SENĆOŦEN (Saanich), and have their own dialect called Malchosen
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374:, vol. 7,: Northwest Coast Pp. 453-480. Wayne Suttles, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution
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the
Cowichan designation is derived from the name of one of several groups forming the
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354:"Musqueam A Living Culture website, Language and Culture page"
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Tsleil
Waututh Nation - People of the Inlet website, FAQ
331:The First Peoples Language Map of British Columbia
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407:Halkomelem language resources, fphlcc.ca website
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329:Hul’q’umi’num’ / Halq'eméylem / hən̓q̓əmin̓əm
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302:List of Lushootseed-speaking peoples
20:list of indigenous peoples speaking
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372:Handbook of North American Indians
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422:First Nations in British Columbia
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140:, the BOḰEĆEN also speak SENĆOŦEN
386:"The Territory of the Semiahmoo"
101:, whose geographic focus is the
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33:Hunquminum (Downriver dialect)
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183:Halqemeylem (Upriver dialect)
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80:Hulquminum (Island dialect)
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427:Coast Salish languages
97:band government, the
390:www.surreyhistory.ca
368:Central Coast Salish
178:(Beecher Bay Band)
27:Halkomelem people
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191:and environs.
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95:Cowichan Tribes
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401:External links
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211:Leq' a: mel
159:Nanoose Bay
155:Snaw-naw-as
151:(Chemainus)
416:Categories
308:References
281:(Burrards)
244:(Shxwhá:y)
231:Skawahlook
196:Aitchelitz
170:Snuneymuxw
149:Stz'uminus
138:Pauquachin
129:(Hwlitsum)
74:Tsawwassen
64:Kwikwetlem
44:(Burrards)
22:Halkomelem
18:This is a
285:Tzeachten
268:Sts'Ailes
258:Soowahlie
201:Chawathil
172:(Nanaimo)
144:Penelakut
69:Snokomish
296:See also
248:Skowkale
176:Scia'new
165:Qualicum
133:Lyackson
127:Lamalcha
99:Quwutsun
89:Cowichan
54:Kwantlen
48:Musqueam
216:Matsqui
116:Malahat
263:Stó:lō
233:(Tait)
221:Popkum
122:Halalt
59:Katzie
370:, in
274:Sumas
253:Skwah
242:Skway
206:Cheam
189:Yale
418::
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316:^
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161:)
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