2226:
2085:
1889:
596:
2634:
2761:
5598:
2460:
2333:
4512:
701:
1515:
1456:
1703:
3950:
3314:
1209:
3321:
1632:
4419:
4237:
1577:
4612:
4041:
54:
4412:
2641:
2561:
2467:
2340:
2003:
1792:
3211:
3041:
4519:
4330:
4134:
4230:
2554:
3523:
3943:
937:
72:
3732:
3427:
1319:
4731:
753:
3832:
2941:
5448:
5040:
1785:
619:
3839:
3739:
3627:
4323:
4034:
3620:
4605:
2849:
3530:
5300:
4127:
608:
3434:
3218:
3048:
2948:
2856:
2768:
2233:
2092:
1896:
4724:
5429:, Poland. As a consequence, the idea of a fully-fledged Lithuanian monarchy as well as Poland losing its influence over its neighbour was met with fierce resistance from the Polish nobles. The first time coronation was planned on 8 September 1430, but after one of the delegations that transported the crown learned that the first delegation was robbed on its way to Lithuania, they returned to
1996:
1100:
1025:
5633:, "It's not my thing to decide it , that's the thing of the population here, of the citizens of Lithuania. It's not my thing . But I promise—if they want me, I would be ready for this job." He also mentioned that Wilhelm von Urach expressed his will in his Testament of "keeping the claim of the throne" of Lithuania as well as
5580:. And while it is true that the latter declared Lithuania to be a democratic republic on 15 May 1920, I have never heard of the Constituent Assembly officially denouncing the State Council's declaration of 11 July 1918, which called to create a constitutional monarchy in Lithuania and invite Mindaugas II to take his throne.
6401:
Nepaisant prie karalaičio buvusių lenkų ponų prieštaravimo, 1440 06 29 Kazimieras
Jogailaitis Vilniaus katedroje buvo vainikuotas Lietuvos didžiuoju kunigaikščiu. (...) Šis lietuvių vienašališkai įvykdytas aktas rodė Gardine 1432 pasirašyto sąjungos akto sulaužymą. (...) Tuo būdu 1440 buvo nutraukta
5373:
were coming to an end, both
Catholic religious orders began posing an existential threat to then-pagan Lithuania. In response, Duke Mindaugas, who by then had managed to strengthen his grip in various Baltic and Slavic lands, sought to consolidate power and unite Lithuania into one political entity,
5566:
parties in modern
Lithuania, there is a monarchist movement, which is in favor of re-establishing the short-lived monarchy of 1918. The movement alongside the Lithuanian Royal Union of Nobility believe that the current Lithuanian state did not undergo all of the complicated and necessary procedures
5408:
in 1398, Lithuanian nobles had acknowledged
Vytautas as their King as a symbolic declaration of allegiance. Vytautas himself sought to officially establish his reign by coronation at least three times. All three attempts were unsuccessful because the political situation was much more complicated—by
843:
himself), while this ceremony manifested the sovereignty of the Grand Duchy of
Lithuania and had the meaning of elevation of the new Grand Duke of Lithuania, this way ignoring the stipulations of the Union of Lublin. Nevertheless, per Union of Lublin the rulers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
5592:
exerted great influence. But now the idea of re-establishing the constitutional monarchy as well as the activities of the "Palace of the
Kingdom of Lithuania" to me seems like a game when you have nothing better to do. At the moment Lithuania has much more important issues—it needs to think how to
5575:
ceased to exist and when did the
Lithuanian 20th-century constitutional monarchy end? In the words of historians, when Mindaugas I died in 1263, the Kingdom had disappeared as well. However, after almost 100 years, in the 14th century, Gediminas would send his letters proclaiming to be "King of
4894:, which would simultaneously reign over both parties. Following the death of Sigismund II in 1572, a joint Polish–Lithuanian monarch was to be elected as in the Union of Lublin it was agreed that the title "Grand Duke of Lithuania" will be received by a jointly elected monarch in the
715:
in 1492. Alexander was appointed Grand Duke by his father, nevertheless, a formal election of the ruler was held as part of a general assembly, which was attended for the first time by representatives from all the lands of the Grand Duchy. The course of the ceremony was documented by
5545:
that having a monarch of German descent would be seen as unacceptable. On 2 November 1918, as it became apparent that King-elect
Mindaugas himself was hesitant to arrive in Lithuania for his coronation due to political unrest, the Council decided to abandon the idea of being a
743:
Stryjkowski also relayed the election and inauguration of
Sigismund I as Grand Duke of Lithuania on 20 October 1509. The ceremony was again attended by Bishop Wojciech Tabor, who this time not only blessed but also placed a cap on the ruler's head. In turn, Grand Marshal
415:, Mindaugas' father was a great king who "had no equal in his time." As the territory of Lithuania expanded eastwards, other king-titled grand dukes who ruled the country adopted similar titles for introducing themselves abroad. For instance, Grand Duke of Lithuania
4898:
on his accession to the throne, thus losing its former institutional significance, however the Union of Lublin guaranteed that the institution and the title "Grand Duke of
Lithuania" will be preserved. The demand of a separate inauguration ceremony of the
447:) as "Grand King of Lithuania" and "Grand Queen of Lithuania". Even though it is traditionally accepted that Mindaugas was the only true king, all historical records, with the exception of Slavic annals, mention Lithuanian rulers as kings until 1386.
459:
in 1413. Until then, previous monarchs were called by different titles, including kings. This was because in Lithuania, unlike in the majority of other European monarchies, the Grand Duke was a sovereign monarch who was accountable to no one, thus
787:
in 1572, separate inaugurations in Vilnius Cathedral were abolished, therefore Gediminas' Cap lost its ceremonial significance. The insignias of the Lithuanian rulers were not preserved and following the Union of Lublin only the seal (kept by the
2225:
2084:
1888:
5716:(Rev. ed. of the work originally published in 1954) (in Lithuanian). p. 26. Žaltvykslė. ISBN 9789986063025. "Upon entering a union with Poland, Lithuania was an absolute monarchy, having nevertheless one privileged class — the nobility."
19:
This article is about the historical monarchs and the institution of monarchy of Lithuania, from the Middle Ages to 1569 and in 1918. For presidents and other heads of state of Lithuania during the 20th and 21st centuries, see
700:
6442:
Kazimiero vainikavimas didžiuoju kunigaikščiu, Vilniaus vyskupui uždedant vadinamąją „Gedimino kepurę", manifestavo suverenią Lietuvos valstybė; tas pats Kazimieras vėliau pabrėždavo esąsas „laisvas ponas" (pan –
720:, who reported that after the election lords elevated Alexander in the cathedral. The newly elected ruler was dressed "in a ducal cap with pearls and precious stones set in it, also the usual robe that today the
748:
presented him with a sword. Sigismund received the oath of the Lithuanian lords while sitting on the throne. According to Stryjkowski, the cap was: "of red velvet with gold spheres set with precious stones".
5689:
The Lithuanian monarch had an advisory body known as the King's Council or the Grand Duke's Council. However, the sovereign possessed ultimate authority and was not obligated to follow their recommendations.
5860:
2633:
595:
5514:
with a representative role of the monarch. Wilhelm von Urach was also presented with conditions such as adopting the title of Mindaugas II, letting his children to a Lithuanian school, only appointing
5522:
as well as not leaving the state for more than two months per year without the permission of the government. As the war ended, it became clear that Germany was losing. On 5 October 1918, in the
7907:
6378:
7837:
4927:
which adopted an Universal, signed by the participating Lithuanian nobles, which announced that if the delegates of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania will feel pressure from the Poles in the
2760:
819:
which adopted an Universal, signed by the participating Lithuanian nobles, which announced that if the delegates of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania will feel pressure from the Poles in the
5537:
and supported their efforts of becoming independent countries. Soon afterwards, Germany expressed its official support for the independence of Lithuania. Furthermore, the diplomats of
5158:
5153:
5148:
7857:
7136:
815:) during the negotiations of the Union of Lublin, however it was not officially included into it. On 20 April 1576 a congress of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania's nobles was held in
7882:
6460:
6634:
6759:
8072:
7969:
6276:
5629:
he remains to be the rightful claimant to the Lithuanian throne and is willing to become King of Lithuania, if the nation wants him to. To quote him from an interview for
8077:
4931:, the Lithuanians will not be obliged by an oath of the Union of Lublin and will have the right to select a separate monarch. On 29 May 1580, a ceremony was held in the
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8029:
7171:
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7999:
7959:
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8130:
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7949:
7897:
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7812:
7807:
7802:
5567:
to truly abolish the Lithuanian monarchy. According to the senate marshal of the organization "Palace of the Kingdom of Lithuania", Stanislovas Švedarauskas:
5236:
5597:
8125:
8067:
8034:
7924:
7852:
736:
handed Alexander a bare sword and a sceptre. Subsequently, the Poles considered electing Alexander Jagiellon as the King of Poland, however instead of him
5861:''Dalijamės sielos džiaugsmu, tautine didybe ir sveikiname visus bendrapiliečius su Valstybės diena – Lietuvos karaliaus Mindaugo karūnavimo iškilmėmis!''
2459:
5777:
4979:
serving as Grand Duke of Lithuania. It was short-lived because Sweden lost the war. The Commonwealth permanently ceased to exist in 1795, following its
5221:
7193:
5128:
7007:
6814:
4814:
301:
Others were seen as kings of Lithuania even though they had only considered it and never took further action to claim the throne, as in the case of
729:
7336:
5989:
4810:
4065:
771:, as the cathedral burned down that same year. The young Sigismund Augustus sat on the throne between his parents, surrounded by members of the
7295:
7034:
6841:
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5328:
4535:
4354:
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5226:
5216:
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4511:
4811:
6955:
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6494:
w czapkę książęcą z perłami i kamieńmi drogimi osadzoną, także szatę zwykłą, jaką dziś kurfistowie rzescy przy koronacjej cesarskiej noszą
4812:
5510:. According to the twelve-point document resembling the rudiments of a Constitution, the Kingdom of Lithuania was supposed to have had a
1514:
6029:
4904:
4833:
4832:
800:
4920:
4834:
775:. The cap was placed on the ruler's head by the Bishop of Vilnius, while the Grand Marshal presented him with a sword. Following the
6009:
5444:
to grant the Grand Duchy of Lithuania the status of a kingdom, but such a proposal was rejected by the ruling Jagiellonian dynasty.
7249:
7244:
6034:
6014:
5809:
5781:
5630:
5433:. In the same year of October, Vytautas up until his death had planned his coronation at least two more times but with no success.
4836:
7099:
4835:
4624:
7212:
1455:
7781:
5925:
4628:
4431:
4249:
768:
756:
169:
7279:
7124:
6932:
6676:
5838:
3251:
3091:
7062:
In the Shadows of Poland and Russia: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Sweden in the European Crisis of the mid-17th Century.
1702:
6428:
6311:(in Polish, Lithuanian, and English). Kraków: Towarzystwo Autorów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych Universitas. pp. 834–854.
5231:
5113:
4919:) during the negotiations of the Union of Lublin, however it was not officially included into it. Nevertheless, before the
3243:
3073:
2965:
2873:
2790:
2417:
725:
4952:
313:
in Lithuania was first established in the 13th century during the reign of Mindaugas I and officially re-established as a
7329:
5881:
5390:. This laid the basis for the international recongnition of the newly created Kingdom of Lithuania as a Western country.
857:
573:
expressed his supreme monarchical authority in Lithuania by again using the Supreme Duke of Lithuania title when his son
33:
21:
4435:
4253:
3966:
7623:
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5321:
5163:
4887:
4857:
4342:
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780:
25:
6636:
Iliustruota Lietuvos istorija. Nuo baltų, Lietuvos Karalystės, Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės iki Abiejų Tautų Respublikos
4815:
767:
was elevated to this dignity during his father's lifetime. The ceremony occurred in the great hall of the newly built
7086:
6647:
5753:
5577:
740:
was elected as the King of Poland in August 1492 and this led to another termination of the Polish–Lithuanian union.
685:. It manifested Lithuania as a sovereign state and its ruler Casimir IV Jagiellon stressed himself as a "free lord" (
7671:
5944:
5211:
3915:
3755:
3651:
2497:
4963:, the Commonwealth temporarily disintegrated in 1655 when the magnates of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania signed the
3313:
7532:
6387:
6379:"1440 06 29 Vilniaus katedroje atlikta Kazimiero Jogailaičio pakėlimo Lietuvos didžiuoju kunigaikščiu ceremonija"
5418:
5201:
4346:
4150:
7696:
4951:
himself), while this ceremony manifested the sovereignty of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and had the meaning of
4890:, which had existed for the next 226 years. The Union included constitutional changes such as creating a formal
4829:
3949:
1208:
651:
The first inauguration ceremony of a Lithuanian Grand Duke about which there is reliable information is that of
8151:
8044:
7355:
7322:
6316:
5576:
Lithuanians and many Ruthenians." In November 1918, the State Council left the question of Mindaugas II to the
5370:
5268:
3542:
3123:
2185:
733:
539:). Vytautas the Great gained the factual rule of Lithuania, which was recognized by the treaties. In 1398, the
502:
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5019:
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4748:
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789:
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287:
7230:
4826:
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4817:
4461:
4418:
4236:
664:
562:
unilaterally declared himself as the Supreme Duke of Lithuania in 1492, but this title was rejected by the
555:
4955:
of the new Grand Duke of Lithuania, this way ignoring the stipulations of the Union of Lublin. During the
3870:
1631:
8120:
7964:
7729:
7710:
5620:
5503:
5465:
5437:
5378:, and become king. In 1250 or 1251, he was baptised as a Roman Catholic. In 1253, probably in Vilnius or
5272:
5196:
4827:
4701:
772:
682:
563:
291:
124:
6158:
5518:, ministers and other high-ranking public officials who are Lithuanian citizens and speak the country's
4831:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4611:
3328:
1576:
7774:
7686:
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5375:
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849:
530:
412:
355:
58:
4824:
3353:
707:
with the coat of arms of Grand Duke Sigismund II Augustus, decorated with Gediminas' Cap, circa 1548
7403:
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5118:
4543:
3127:
2189:
968:
347:
343:
7571:
4577:
2609:
6982:
6789:
6704:"Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės Seimas – valstybės modernizacijos grandis (1572–1587 metai)"
4908:
4900:
4863:
4040:
3786:
Also titular King of Sweden and elected Tsar of Russia (1610–1613) when the Polish army captured
3337:
804:
796:
704:
667:, to Lithuania to rule in his name. But instead he was elected as Grand Duke upon his arrival to
314:
4472:
4411:
4283:
276:. In two more instances, royal nobles were not crowned due to political circumstances, but held
7939:
7691:
7681:
7661:
7469:
6277:"1544 10 22 Žygimantas Augustas kaip Lietuvos didysis kunigaikštis iškilmingai įžengė į Vilnių"
5794:
Stuttgart archives, HStA. GU 117, file 847: copy of letter from Benedict XV dated 24 July 1918.
5727:
5498:
in 1795. In an attempt to avoid becoming a province but remain on good terms with Germany, the
4828:
4531:
4466:
4057:
3247:
3082:
1359:
678:
521:
The title of the Grand Duke of Lithuania mostly came into force during the reign of Grand Duke
53:
5829:
4443:
4261:
3962:
2640:
2560:
2466:
2339:
2002:
1791:
690:
648:. The regalia of Vytautas the Great consisted of Gediminas' Cap, sword, ring, flag, and seal.
121:
8110:
7934:
7767:
7605:
7306:(1989). ""Podniesienie" książąt litewskich" ["Elevation" of the Lithuanian princes].
6131:
6005:
5616:
5538:
5527:
5241:
4944:
4912:
4879:
4867:
3180:
3012:
853:
836:
808:
784:
764:
644:. The cap was placed on the head by the Bishop of Vilnius and the sword was presented by the
574:
220:
7549:
7272:
The Oxford History of Poland-Lithuania. The Making of the Polish-Lithuanian Union, 1385—1569
4964:
3210:
3040:
7984:
7842:
7666:
7590:
7371:
6461:''Paskelbtojo karaliaus Mindaugo II anūkas: monarchija Lietuvai būtų pigiau ir naudingiau''
5352:
5288:
5168:
5123:
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4655:
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3483:
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2999:
2960:
2895:
2868:
2732:
2299:
2158:
1962:
852:
and received separate titles of the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. During the
693:, Bishop of Vilnius put a Gediminas' Cap in the Vilnius Cathedral on his head, despite the
660:
652:
408:
265:
238:
792:) and the flag (carried near the ruler by the Grand Flag Bearer of Lithuania) remained.
732:
blessed him and held a pastoral exhortation over him. Then the Grand Marshal of Lithuania
8:
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828:
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712:
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510:
468:
375:
351:
310:
246:
158:
3537:
526:
456:
8024:
8004:
7994:
7979:
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7892:
7877:
7656:
7581:
7525:
7289:
7217:
7028:
6835:
6465:
6048:
5957:
5886:
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4785:
4185:
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3751:
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3592:
3345:
3333:
3274:
2785:
2693:
2290:
2149:
1953:
1404:
1270:
873:
717:
522:
283:
257:
7651:
6900:
6760:"Politinė ceremonialo paskirtis elekcinėje monarchijoje: Lenkija–Lietuva XVI–XVIII a."
6067:
4940:
3495:
3474:
3458:
2973:
832:
8019:
7944:
7914:
7676:
7537:
7275:
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6312:
5895:
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5749:
5625:
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5259:
5191:
5173:
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4087:
4006:
3699:
3546:
2799:
2409:
2263:
2165:
2122:
2050:
1926:
1848:
1341:
1226:
1150:
1136:
1065:
994:
840:
637:
633:
626:
614:, built in 1407, served as a venue for the ceremonies of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania
611:
603:) of Alexander Hilarius Polubinski, Grand Marshall of the Grand Duchy Lithuania, 1675
590:
544:
333:
329:
325:
242:
180:
7119:
6223:
5709:
4073:
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3522:
936:
663:
was sent by his older brother King of Poland and Hungary, Supreme Duke of Lithuania
71:
7152:
6097:
5479:
5358:
5304:
5095:
4996:
4956:
4638:
3991:
Born into nobility of mixed heritage, the son of a military commander and governor
3634:
2878:
2506:
2382:
1818:
1131:
673:
488:
432:
398:
295:
6856:
6530:
6250:
3731:
3426:
1318:
5833:
5547:
4992:
4923:
a congress of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania's nobles was held on 20 April 1576 in
4851:
4565:
4372:
4190:
3804:
3371:
3116:
824:
776:
752:
745:
694:
29:
7194:''Turėtume savo karalių, nereikėtų varvinti seilės į svetimus?'' (in Lithuanian)
6984:
Kronika polska, litewska, żmódzka i wszystkiéj Rusi Macieja Stryjkowskiego. T. 2
6927:
6791:
Kronika polska, litewska, żmódzka i wszystkiéj Rusi Macieja Stryjkowskiego. T. 2
6671:
5731:. Vol. III. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 538–543. LCCN 74-114275.
3994:
7719:
7646:
7436:
7303:
5740:
Vauchez, Andre; Richard Barrie Dobson; Adrian Walford; Michael Lapidge (2000).
5507:
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5387:
5386:
were crowned King and Queen, thus establishing a short-lived alliance with the
5362:
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4988:
4968:
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2255:
2114:
2015:
1918:
1827:
721:
498:
440:
306:
7566:
6196:
5903:
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2539:
763:
The last ceremony to elevate a grand duke took place on 18 October 1529, when
656:
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5383:
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5059:
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3903:
3792:
3687:
2272:
2131:
1935:
1784:
845:
827:
and will have the right to select a separate monarch. On 29 May 1580, bishop
820:
737:
618:
559:
234:
7426:
5039:
4033:
3619:
1841:
1261:
1254:
1081:
1060:
423:(King of Lithuanians) while his successor Gediminas took the Latin title of
7267:
6306:
5803:
5511:
4871:
4604:
4484:
4384:
4278:
Nominated as ruler in 1704, crowned in 1705 and deposed predecessor in 1706
4202:
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3738:
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3575:
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1231:
1115:
1035:
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864:
was also announced as a property of both the Polish and Lithuanian nobles.
607:
321:
4451:
4269:
455:
Officially, the title of Grand Duke of Lithuania was introduced after the
317:
on 11 July 1918, only to be abandoned soon afterwards on 2 November 1918.
5572:
5471:
5455:
5393:
3957:
3746:
3450:
3235:
3065:
2982:
671:
on 29 June 1440, with the ringing of church bells and the singing of the
7544:
7314:
6642:(in Lithuanian) (1 tome ed.). Vilnius: Briedis Press. p. 166.
6421:"Lietuvos feodalinės visuomenės ir jos valdymo sistemos genezė: 2 dalis"
4649:
Last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, his reign ended in the
4322:
2684:
2653:
2528:
2484:
1981:
543:
declared Vytautas the Great as the King of Lithuania and, following the
7488:
7479:
7006:
Ragauskienė, Raimonda; Ragauskas, Aivas; Bulla, Noémi Erzsébet (2018).
6813:
Ragauskienė, Raimonda; Ragauskas, Aivas; Bulla, Noémi Erzsébet (2018).
5979:
Reading the Middle Ages, Volume II: From c.900 to c.1500, Third Edition
5563:
5379:
5086:
4995:. Following the partitions, the lands of ethnic Lithuania were divided—
4883:
4126:
3898:
3529:
1551:
1531:
1472:
1441:
578:
529:
with his cousin Jogaila in 1392 and the agreement was confirmed in the
428:
269:
261:
6308:
Kultura Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego: analizy i obrazy / opracowanie
5778:
Trys Lietuvos karaliai: vienas tikras, vienas nelabai ir vienas beveik
5571:
Can we present the specific date when the Kingdom of Lithuania of the
5541:
had also unambiguously proclaimed to the Council of Lithuania and the
5417:
were under a joint rule of Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland
4870:
renounced his rights to the hereditary Lithuanian throne—the separate
4619:
3777:
1669:
1334:
533:
in 1401. Since then Jogaila was titled the Supreme Duke of Lithuania (
7759:
7556:
7503:
7464:
7389:
7177:
7081:(English ed.). Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History. pp. 43–127.
6886:
5930:
5745:
5430:
5079:
5004:
2955:
2318:
2055:
2020:
1853:
1805:
1749:
1721:
1617:
1489:
1395:
1348:
1304:
1141:
1110:
1070:
999:
987:
950:
907:
600:
339:
302:
273:
111:
77:
5426:
3846:
3675:
3441:
3225:
3055:
2991:
2863:
2775:
2658:
2489:
2030:
7561:
7520:
7515:
7493:
7421:
7173:
Svaigi Antano Smetonos karjera: nuo banko darbuotojo iki prezidento
5680:
Only formally held by King Mindaugas I and King-elect Mindaugas II.
5551:
5515:
4875:
2598:
2573:
2437:
2396:
2357:
2307:
2250:
2170:
2109:
1970:
1913:
1770:
1688:
1677:
1650:
1606:
1590:
1500:
1043:
1010:
982:
622:
436:
202:
7077:
Kiaupa, Zigmantas; Jūratė Kiaupienė; Albinas Kuncevičius (2000) .
5404:
Some historical documents suggest that at the time of signing the
2025:
1810:
1726:
1655:
1246:
7498:
5953:
5610:
5483:
5366:
4772:
4551:
4526:
4337:
4141:
3258:
3100:
2887:
2807:
2568:
2523:
2401:
2391:
2352:
2245:
2104:
1908:
1865:
1761:
1562:
668:
416:
278:
253:
173:
162:
101:
4723:
4426:
4244:
3982:
3433:
3217:
3047:
2947:
2855:
2767:
2232:
2091:
1895:
599:
The Genealogical Tree of the Lithuanian Monarchs (stemming from
371:
The full title held by king of Lithuania from 1253 to 1263 was:
7445:
5634:
5542:
5499:
5487:
4924:
4903:
was raised by the nobles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (e.g.
4738:
4362:
4176:
4166:
3882:
3787:
3681:
3665:
3562:
3466:
2672:
2648:
2515:
1221:
1184:
977:
816:
799:
was raised by the nobles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (e.g.
184:
151:
6572:
aksamintu czerwonego w sfery złote kamieniami drogimi osadzoną
5533:
announced that his state acknowledged the right of nations to
4809:
7379:
7197:
7104:
7065:
6383:
5502:
decided to establish a separate constitutional monarchy with
5090:
5074:
3478:
Sole ruler until Báthory's arrival and coronation in May 1576
2590:
2039:
641:
478:
388:
7009:
Tolimos bet artimos: Lietuvos ir Vengrijos istoriniai ryšiai
6956:"Vavelio pilies lobyne – ir Lietuvos, Valdovų rūmų istorija"
6816:
Tolimos bet artimos: Lietuvos ir Vengrijos istoriniai ryšiai
6730:"Vavelio pilies lobyne – ir Lietuvos, Valdovų rūmų istorija"
5960:, Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore. p. 2
4878:
for Grand Duke of Lithuania were abolished. On 1 July 1569,
3142:
Grand Dukes of Lithuania within the Commonwealth (1569–1795)
2374:
1995:
1387:
1099:
1024:
640:
on the Lithuanian monarch's head and the presentation of a
250:
2195:
are ruled by one monarch but remain to be separate states.
632:
The inaugurations of the Lithuanian monarchs were held in
7005:
6812:
6614:
6549:
6498:
5346:
4945:
luxuriously decorated sword and a hat adorned with pearls
4713:
4707:
3480:
Ruled after husband's death until her nephew was elected
837:
luxuriously decorated sword and a hat adorned with pearls
6510:
6471:
6347:
6337:
6335:
6030:
Juozas Skirius. Lietuvos valdovas Gediminas – karalius?
823:, the Lithuanians will not be obliged by an oath of the
6710:(in Lithuanian). Lithuanian Institute of History: 31–32
711:
Another documented inauguration is the enthronement of
584:
5990:
Making a Great Ruler: Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania
5882:"Mindaugo karūnavimo ir Lietuvos karalystės problemos"
5394:
Attempts of coronation in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
795:
The demand of a separate inauguration ceremony of the
759:, where the ceremony of Sigismund II Augustus was held
558:
also titled himself as the Supreme Duke of Lithuania.
7137:
Lietuvos Taryba ir vokiečių okupacinė valdžia 1918 m.
6576:
6561:
6483:
6371:
6332:
6091:
6089:
5496:
Third Partition of the Polish−Lithuanian Commonwealth
464:
king. The full title of Grand Duke of Lithuania was:
7718:
6883:
God's Playground: A History of Poland in Two Volumes
6359:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6119:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5593:
withstand current threats, not about a new monarchy.
5584:
Political commentator Česlovas Iškauskas responded:
407:
The first mention of a Lithuanian king predates the
6769:(in Lithuanian). Lithuanian Institute of History: 9
6414:
6412:
6410:
6010:
Kas buvo mūsų valdovai – karaliai ar kunigaikščiai?
5490:, which for 123 years remained to be a part of the
783:in 1569, and the death of the last Gediminid ruler
551:. However, Vytautas died before the crown arrived.
7631:
7455:
7412:
7380:
7245:Dėmesio centre. Karaliaus anūkas Inigo von Urachas
6889:officers were deprived of their lands and offices.
6248:
6190:
6188:
6186:
6184:
6182:
6180:
6086:
4560:Proclaimed King of Poland in 1733, crowned in 1734
625:' majestic seal of 1407, where he is seen wearing
249:. Throughout Lithuania's history there were three
6300:
6298:
6116:
5815:
5725:Sužiedėlis, Simas, ed. (1970–1978). "Mindaugas".
2692:
1403:
1269:
872:
8143:
6407:
5169:Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2425:act as regents of the king of Poland until 1440.
1149:
6177:
5946:Gedimino laiškai [Letters of Gediminas]
513:, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania).
16:Function and history of the Lithuanian monarchy
6697:
6695:
6295:
6249:Gudavičius, Edvardas; Matulevičius, Algirdas.
4882:united both of the countries into a single bi-
4355:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
4159:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
831:in the Vilnius Cathedral presented Grand Duke
7775:
7330:
7253:. Archived from the original on 3 March 2018.
5865:Lietuvos vyriausiasis administracinis teismas
5322:
507:Dei Gratia Rex Poloniae Magnus Dux Lithuaniae
505:in 1385, the full Latin title was changed to
7210:Kontrimavičiūtė, Inga (September 19, 2012).
6980:
6787:
6692:
5876:
5550:monarchy and establish a fully independent
3889:Elective succession, succeeded half-brother
677:. This was breaching the agreements of the
534:
305:who was recognised as king of Lithuania by
7782:
7768:
7337:
7323:
7294:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
7033:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6840:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6304:
5482:to be annexed and become a part of either
5329:
5315:
4803:Comparative reigns of Lithuanian monarchs
2552:
1701:
1575:
1513:
1454:
403:By the Grace of God, King of the Lithuania
7344:
7213:Lietuvos karalystė – ne tuščia fantazija?
5623:(Mindaugas II), claims that according to
4317:(2nd reign, 23 years, 209 days)
7098:Cibulskis, Gediminas (8 September 2010)
6632:
6061:
6059:
5601:King Mindaugas Monument in front of the
5596:
5446:
4663:
4406:(2nd reign, 2 years, 137 days)
4224:(1st reign, 4 years, 362 days)
3362:Left Poland in June 1574 to succeed his
844:were elected in joint Polish–Lithuanian
751:
699:
617:
606:
594:
547:in 1430, the crowning was sanctioned by
328:was placed on the monarch's head by the
7100:Nekarūnuotas Lietuvos karalius Vytautas
6753:
6751:
6701:
8144:
7789:
7302:
6960:Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania
6898:
6885:, Oxford University Press, p.153. Two
6875:
6734:Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania
6620:
6600:Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania
6582:
6567:
6555:
6504:
6489:
6418:
6341:
6281:DELFI, Lithuanian Institute of History
6194:
6159:"Įspūdinga Lietuvos istorijos studija"
6129:
6065:
5828:
5347:Kingdom of Lithuania under Mindaugas I
4562:Dethroned elected predecessor in 1736
757:Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania
425:Rex Lithuanorum et Multorum Ruthenorum
409:establishment of the Christian kingdom
170:Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania
7763:
7318:
7308:Litwa pierwotna. Mity, legendy, fakty
7266:
7240:
7238:
7229:Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo.
7188:
7186:
7147:
7145:
7046:
7044:
6528:
6516:
6477:
6455:
6453:
6451:
6365:
6353:
6056:
6001:
5999:
5997:
5451:Wilhelm Karl von Urach (Mindaugas II)
4921:1576 Polish–Lithuanian royal election
166:(late 13th century−late 15th century)
7079:The History of Lithuania Before 1795
7015:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius. p. 67
6822:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius. p. 67
6757:
6748:
6429:Ministry of the Interior (Lithuania)
6221:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5506:as King with his residence being in
5232:Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
4943:(King of Poland since 1 May 1576) a
4588:Stanislovas Augustas II Poniatovskis
835:(King of Poland since 1 May 1576) a
585:Inaugurations of Lithuanian monarchs
7192:Giedraitis, Rimantas (7 July 2012)
6767:The Year-book of Lithuanian History
6027:Skirius, Juozas (January 27 2023).
5926:''Vytautas Didysis – Rex electus?''
324:of Lithuanian monarchs until 1569,
34:List of heads of state of Lithuania
22:List of heads of state of Lithuania
13:
7235:
7204:
7183:
7142:
7041:
6448:
6156:
5994:
5854:
4845:
2045:order of Jogaila while imprisoned
636:and consisted of the placement of
14:
8163:
7170:Bukaitė, Vilma (October 2, 2019)
7125:Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia
6925:
6669:
6095:
6049:ALEXANDER * MAGNUS DUX LITHUANIAE
5759:
3672:Elected, nephew of Anna Jagiellon
268:. Despite this, the one and only
188:(second half of the 18th century)
6987:(in Polish). Warsaw. p. 432
6933:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
6905:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
6861:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
6854:
6794:(in Polish). Warsaw. p. 432
6677:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
6535:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
6255:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
6228:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
6201:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
6136:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
6102:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
6072:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
5839:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
5810:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
5298:
5038:
4729:
4722:
4610:
4603:
4517:
4510:
4417:
4410:
4328:
4321:
4235:
4228:
4175:Previously Elector and ruler of
4132:
4125:
4084:A successful military commander
4039:
4032:
3948:
3941:
3837:
3830:
3737:
3730:
3625:
3618:
3538:Szilágysomlyó (Șimleu Silvaniei)
3528:
3521:
3432:
3425:
3319:
3312:
3216:
3209:
3046:
3039:
2946:
2939:
2854:
2847:
2766:
2759:
2639:
2632:
2559:
2465:
2458:
2338:
2331:
2231:
2224:
2090:
2083:
2001:
1994:
1894:
1887:
1790:
1783:
1630:
1317:
1207:
1098:
1023:
935:
858:joint Polish–Lithuanian monarchs
383:Dievo malonės, Lietuvos karalius
70:
52:
7260:
7223:
7164:
7130:
7111:
7092:
7071:
7053:
6999:
6974:
6948:
6919:
6892:
6848:
6806:
6781:
6722:
6663:
6626:
6588:
6522:
6388:Lithuanian Institute of History
6269:
6242:
6215:
6150:
6042:
6021:
5983:
5972:
5937:
5918:
5870:
5797:
5788:
5742:Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
4347:Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark
4151:Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark
516:
7356:List of early Lithuanian dukes
6253:[Vytautas the Great].
5776:Nadveckė, Ineta (6 July 2019)
5734:
5719:
5703:
5683:
5674:
5665:
5656:
5647:
5269:List of early Lithuanian dukes
5164:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
4888:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
4858:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
3926:Mykolas Kaributas Višnioveckis
3826:(19 years, 302 days)
3726:(15 years, 195 days)
3614:(44 years, 256 days)
3517:(10 years, 226 days)
3421:(20 years, 270 days)
3409:(11 years, 248 days)
2935:(41 years, 115 days)
2755:(51 years, 344 days)
2420:, Vytautas and his successors
2220:(51 years, 302 days)
2079:(51 years, 302 days)
781:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
779:, which formed the federative
734:Petras Jonaitis Mantigirdaitis
427:(King of Lithuanians and many
241:, which was established as an
1:
7231:''The Monarchy in Lithuania''
6402:Lenkijos ir Lietuvos sąjunga.
6305:Gudavičius, Edvardas (2006).
6226:[Congress of Lutsk].
6132:"Aukščiausiasis kunigaikštis"
5696:
4749:Princess Florestine of Monaco
4599:(31 years, 80 days)
4028:(22 years, 30 days)
3937:(4 years, 145 days)
3204:(24 years, 98 days)
3035:(24 years, 97 days)
2843:(14 years, 20 days)
2472:
2454:(38 years, 84 days)
2345:
2238:
2097:
2008:
1901:
1834:
1797:
1738:
1713:
1662:
1642:
1542:
1239:
1214:
942:
790:Grand Chancellor of Lithuania
549:Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
473:Lietuvos didysis kunigaikštis
450:
288:Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
7697:Stanisław August Poniatowski
6981:Stryjkowski, Maciej (1846).
6859:[Electoral Seimas].
6788:Stryjkowski, Maciej (1846).
6100:[Ostrów Agreement].
5603:National Museum of Lithuania
5557:
5456:Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)
4983:by the neighbouring powers,
4866:and Grand Duke of Lithuania
4765:Princess Wiltrud of Bavaria
4462:War of the Polish Succession
3967:Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska
3308:(1 year, 362 days)
354:, as defined in the current
7:
7672:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
7361:List of Lithuanian monarchs
5662:As Grand Duke of Lithuania.
5466:Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)
5438:Lithuanian Council of Lords
5278:List of Lithuanian monarchs
5273:List of rulers of Lithuania
4905:Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł
4795:
3569:Elected as co-monarch with
801:Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł
564:Lithuanian Council of Lords
493:Grand Duke of the Lithuania
272:king of Lithuania was King
10:
8168:
6432:(in Lithuanian). p. 8
5924:Patackas, Algirdas (2018)
5836:[Gediminas' Cap].
5463:
5425:) with the Crown being in
5397:
5350:
5341:
4855:
4849:
4744:Wilhelm, 1st Duke of Urach
728:." Then Bishop of Vilnius
689:). According to historian
646:Grand Marshal of Lithuania
588:
419:was sometimes regarded as
233:concerned the monarchical
24:. For the monarchy of the
18:
8091:
8053:
7795:
7743:
7709:
7618:
7580:
7478:
7454:
7435:
7411:
7402:
7370:
7350:
7059:Kontljarchuk, A. (2006).
6157:Uzdila, Juozas Vytautas.
5714:Vilnius Lietuvos gyvenime
5264:Coat of arms of Lithuania
5227:1944 Soviet re-occupation
4947:(both were sanctified by
4757:Duchess Amalie in Bavaria
4460:His election sparked the
3975:Eleonora Maria of Austria
3871:Claudine Françoise Mignot
3764:Cecilia Renata of Austria
3684:until deposition in 1599
3674:Transferred capital from
3543:Stephen Báthory of Somlyó
3130:are united into a single
3114:
2407:
2176:
839:(both were sanctified by
531:Pact of Vilnius and Radom
413:Livonian Rhymed Chronicle
411:itself: according to the
361:
356:Constitution of Lithuania
216:
193:
146:
138:
130:
117:
107:
97:
92:
88:
84:
69:
65:
51:
43:
7404:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
7161:. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
6633:Kapleris, Ignas (2022).
6134:[Supreme Duke].
5640:
5411:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
5400:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
5119:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
4544:Maria Josepha of Austria
4395:Stanislovas I Leščinskis
4213:Stanislovas I Leščinskis
4066:Marie Casimire d'Arquien
3473:Elected co-monarch with
1234:, daughter of Mindaugas
1059:loyal to Mindaugas' son
393:Dei Gratia Rex Lettowiae
348:semi-presidential system
344:representative democracy
342:in the present day is a
177:(late 15th century−1665)
5376:convert to Christianity
5149:Early elective monarchy
4901:Grand Duke of Lithuania
3368:Interregnum until 1575
2832:Aleksandras Jogailaitis
2676:Murdered by supporters
2433:King-elect of Lithuania
1118:, Mindaugas' firat wife
867:
850:Third Partition in 1795
797:Grand Duke of Lithuania
683:Polish–Lithuanian union
536:supremus dux Lithuaniae
366:
358:, and has no monarchy.
315:constitutional monarchy
7838:Bosnia and Herzegovina
7682:Augustus II the Strong
6901:"Didysis kunigaikštis"
6899:Gudavičius, Edvardas.
6459:Jakilaitis, E. (2018)
6419:Gudavičius, Edvardas.
6195:Gudavičius, Edvardas.
6130:Gudavičius, Edvardas.
6070:[Grand Duke].
6068:"Didysis kunigaikštis"
6066:Gudavičius, Edvardas.
5728:Encyclopedia Lituanica
5617:Prince Inigo von Urach
5613:
5595:
5582:
5562:Although there are no
5452:
5217:1940 Soviet occupation
4629:Konstancja Czartoryska
4587:
4578:Stanislaus II Augustus
4536:Christiane Eberhardine
4532:Augustus II the Strong
4494:
4394:
4305:
4212:
4109:
4016:
3925:
3896:Titular King of Sweden
3814:
3714:
3602:
3505:
3393:
3296:
3190:
3023:
2961:Kazimieras Jogailaitis
2923:
2869:Kazimieras Jogailaitis
2831:
2744:Kazimieras Jogailaitis
2743:
2621:Žygimantas Kęstutaitis
2620:
1195:
760:
708:
679:Union of Grodno (1432)
629:
615:
604:
535:
8152:Monarchs of Lithuania
7687:Stanisław Leszczyński
7647:Anna the Jagiellonian
7606:Sigismund II Augustus
7572:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
7345:Monarchs of Lithuania
7068:. ISBN 91-89315-63-4.
6702:Kiaupinienė, Jūratė.
6529:Spečiūnas, Vytautas.
6006:Savukynas, Virginijus
5653:As King of Lithuania.
5600:
5586:
5569:
5528:Chancellor of Germany
5512:bicameral legislature
5450:
5423:Władysław II Jagiełło
5242:Republic of Lithuania
5237:Independence restored
5212:Independence declared
5207:Lithuanian–Soviet War
5007:became a part of the
4999:became a part of the
4913:Jan Karol Chodkiewicz
4880:Sigismund II Augustus
4868:Sigismund II Augustus
4625:Stanisław Poniatowski
4306:Augustas II Stiprusis
4110:Augustas II Stiprusis
3815:Jonas Kazimieras Vaza
3574:Previously Prince of
3181:Sigismund II Augustus
3013:Sigismund II Augustus
2610:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
1057:Murdered by servants
809:Jan Karol Chodkiewicz
785:Sigismund II Augustus
755:
703:
621:
610:
598:
575:Sigismund II Augustus
483:Magnus Dux Lithuaniae
231:monarchy of Lithuania
221:Prince Inigo of Urach
7711:Kingdom of Lithuania
7692:August III the Saxon
7667:John II Casimir Vasa
7372:Kingdom of Lithuania
7120:Lietuvos karalystė .
7050:Frost (2000), p. 168
6758:Bues, Almut (2005).
6224:"Lucko suvažiavimas"
5830:Gudavičius, Edvardas
5671:As King of Lithuania
5578:Constituent Assembly
5500:Council of Lithuania
5357:As the conquests of
5353:Kingdom of Lithuania
5305:Lithuania portal
5202:Wars of Independence
5197:Kingdom of Lithuania
5124:Kingdom of Lithuania
4935:during which bishop
4651:Partitions of Poland
4121:(1st reign, 9 years)
3864:Marie Louise Gonzaga
3856:Constance of Austria
3771:Marie Louise Gonzaga
3659:Constance of Austria
3338:Catherine de' Medici
3252:Catherine of Austria
3244:Elisabeth of Austria
3092:Catherine of Austria
3074:Elisabeth of Austria
3000:Casimir IV Jagiellon
2966:Elisabeth of Austria
2896:Casimir IV Jagiellon
2874:Elisabeth of Austria
2791:Elisabeth of Austria
2733:Casimir IV Jagiellon
2418:Lithuanian Civil War
2380:by the order of the
1486:Possibly a relative
1386:Died in a battle by
1345:Possibly a relative
998:Son of mythological
949:Son of mythological
722:princes of the Reich
681:and terminating the
653:Casimir IV Jagiellon
525:, who concluded the
282:recognition abroad —
8054:States with limited
7642:Henry III of Valois
7601:Sigismund I the Old
7480:House of Gediminids
7310:. pp. 244–282.
6708:Parlamento Studijos
6623:, pp. 279–280.
6558:, pp. 277–278.
6519:, pp. 329–330.
6507:, pp. 276–277.
6480:, pp. 328–330.
6356:, pp. 185–186.
6222:Dundulis, Bronius.
6098:"Astravos sutartis"
6096:Jučas, Mečislovas.
5531:Maximilian of Baden
5442:Sigismund I the Old
5129:Jagiellonian period
5070:Corded Ware culture
4961:Second Northern War
4937:Merkelis Giedraitis
4917:Konstanty Ostrogski
4495:Augustas III Saksas
4444:Catherine Opalińska
4262:Catherine Opalińska
4184:in 1706 during the
3963:Jeremi Wiśniowiecki
3875:morganatic marriage
3784:Elective succession
3680:Hereditary King of
3644:Catherine Jagiellon
3269:introduce elective
3191:Žygimantas Augustas
3024:Žygimantas Augustas
2915:Sigismund I the Old
2821:Alexander Jagiellon
2781:Jogaila Algirdaitis
2300:Gródek Jagielloński
2282:Elizabeth Granowska
2208:Jogaila Algirdaitis
2159:Gródek Jagielloński
2141:Elizabeth Granowska
2067:Jogaila Algirdaitis
1963:Gródek Jagielloński
1945:Elizabeth Granowska
1875:Jogaila Algirdaitis
829:Merkelis Giedraitis
813:Konstanty Ostrogski
726:imperial coronation
713:Alexander Jagiellon
691:Edvardas Gudavičius
571:Sigismund I the Old
541:Lithuanian nobility
511:By the Grace of God
352:popular sovereignty
311:hereditary monarchy
247:hereditary monarchy
150:Mindaugas' Castle,
122:Stanisław II August
7790:Monarchy of Europe
7657:Sigismund III Vasa
7582:House of Jagiellon
7456:House of Mindaugas
7413:House of Mindaugas
7381:House of Mindaugas
6857:"Elekcinis seimas"
6531:"Jonas Albrechtas"
6251:"Vytautas Didysis"
5958:Vilnius University
5906:on 26 October 2005
5878:Baranauskas, Tomas
5619:, the grandson of
5614:
5535:self-determination
5460:under Mindaugas II
5453:
5382:, he and his wife
5154:Deluge and decline
5114:Duchy of Lithuania
5009:Kingdom of Prussia
4965:Union of Kėdainiai
4909:Eustachy Wołłowicz
4786:Lithuanian Council
4647:Born into nobility
4186:Great Northern War
4082:Born into nobility
3640:John III of Sweden
3380:and Grand Duchess
3346:Louise of Lorraine
3231:Žygimantas the Old
3061:Žygimantas the Old
2924:Žygimantas Senasis
2786:Sophia of Halshany
2694:House of Jagiellon
2444:Vytautas the Great
2378:Possibly poisoned
2291:Sophia of Halshany
2150:Sophia of Halshany
1954:Sophia of Halshany
1405:House of Gediminas
1271:House of Mindaugas
1040:Mindaugas' sister
961:, sister of Morta
874:House of Mindaugas
805:Eustachy Wołłowicz
765:Sigismund Augustus
761:
718:Maciej Stryjkowski
709:
630:
616:
605:
523:Vytautas the Great
284:Vytautas the Great
266:House of Jagiellon
262:House of Gediminas
258:House of Mindaugas
108:First monarch
59:Royal coat of arms
8139:
8138:
7757:
7756:
7739:
7738:
7705:
7704:
7677:John III Sobieski
7662:Ladislaus IV Vasa
7620:Polish–Lithuanian
7614:
7613:
7553:
7541:
7529:
7512:
7437:House of Monomakh
7398:
7397:
7281:978-0-19-820869-3
7216:(in Lithuanian).
7176:(in Lithuanian).
7157:(in Lithuanian).
7151:Skirius, Juozas.
7123:(in Lithuanian).
6926:Jasas, Rimantas.
6670:Jasas, Rimantas.
6463:(in Lithuanian).
6033:(in Lithuanian).
5952:(in Lithuanian).
5890:(in Lithuanian).
5880:(23 March 2003).
5863:(in Lithuanian).
5834:"Gedimino kepurė"
5808:(in Lithuanian).
5626:Almanach de Gotha
5621:Wilhelm von Urach
5520:official language
5504:Wilhelm von Urach
5415:Kingdom of Poland
5406:Treaty of Salynas
5371:Livonian Brothers
5339:
5338:
5260:Name of Lithuania
5174:Swedish Lithuania
4949:Pope Gregory XIII
4933:Vilnius Cathedral
4892:elective monarchy
4843:
4842:
4793:
4792:
4661:
4660:
4590:
4497:
4432:Rafał Leszczyński
4399:12 September 1733
4397:
4308:
4250:Rafał Leszczyński
4215:
4114:15 September 1697
4112:
4019:
4007:John III Sobieski
3928:
3823:16 September 1668
3817:
3717:
3605:
3547:Catherine Telegdi
3535:27 September 1533
3508:
3414:9 September 1596
3396:
3326:19 September 1551
3299:
3267:First monarch to
3248:Barbara Radziwiłł
3206:
3193:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3083:Barbara Radziwiłł
3026:
2926:
2834:
2800:Old Grodno Castle
2773:30 November 1427
2746:
2690:
2689:
2623:
2588:10 February 1452
2426:
2410:Astrava Agreement
2264:Jadwiga of Poland
2196:
2166:Right of conquest
2123:Jadwiga of Poland
2051:Right of conquest
1927:Jadwiga of Poland
1870:
1849:Right of conquest
1766:
1401:
1400:
1342:Right of conquest
1267:
1266:
1227:Daniel of Galicia
1198:
1151:House of Monomakh
1147:
1146:
1137:Right of conquest
1066:Right of conquest
995:Right of conquest
841:Pope Gregory XIII
655:, as reported by
634:Vilnius Cathedral
612:Vilnius Cathedral
545:Congress of Lutsk
334:Vilnius Cathedral
330:Bishop of Vilnius
227:
226:
212:
207:
200:
189:
181:New Grodno Castle
178:
167:
159:Gediminas' Castle
156:
118:Last monarch
8159:
8092:Dependencies and
7796:Sovereign states
7784:
7777:
7770:
7761:
7760:
7716:
7715:
7629:
7628:
7591:Casimir Jagellon
7547:
7535:
7523:
7506:
7409:
7408:
7377:
7376:
7339:
7332:
7325:
7316:
7315:
7311:
7299:
7293:
7285:
7254:
7242:
7233:
7227:
7221:
7208:
7202:
7190:
7181:
7168:
7162:
7154:Gimtoji istorija
7149:
7140:
7134:
7128:
7115:
7109:
7102:(in Lithuanian)
7096:
7090:
7075:
7069:
7057:
7051:
7048:
7039:
7038:
7032:
7024:
7022:
7020:
7014:
7003:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6992:
6978:
6972:
6971:
6969:
6967:
6952:
6946:
6945:
6943:
6941:
6928:"Liublino unija"
6923:
6917:
6916:
6914:
6912:
6896:
6890:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6852:
6846:
6845:
6839:
6831:
6829:
6827:
6821:
6810:
6804:
6803:
6801:
6799:
6785:
6779:
6778:
6776:
6774:
6764:
6755:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6741:
6726:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6715:
6699:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6685:
6672:"Liublino unija"
6667:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6656:
6641:
6630:
6624:
6618:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6596:"Istorinė raida"
6592:
6586:
6580:
6574:
6565:
6559:
6553:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6542:
6526:
6520:
6514:
6508:
6502:
6496:
6487:
6481:
6475:
6469:
6457:
6446:
6445:
6439:
6437:
6425:
6416:
6405:
6404:
6398:
6396:
6375:
6369:
6363:
6357:
6351:
6345:
6339:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6302:
6293:
6292:
6290:
6288:
6273:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6262:
6246:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6219:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6208:
6192:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6170:
6163:MoksloLietuva.lt
6154:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6143:
6127:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6093:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6079:
6063:
6054:
6046:
6040:
6025:
6019:
6012:(in Lithuanian)
6003:
5992:
5987:
5981:
5976:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5951:
5941:
5935:
5928:(in Lithuanian)
5922:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5911:
5902:. Archived from
5874:
5868:
5858:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5826:
5813:
5801:
5795:
5792:
5786:
5774:
5757:
5738:
5732:
5723:
5717:
5707:
5690:
5687:
5681:
5678:
5672:
5669:
5663:
5660:
5654:
5651:
5607:Gediminas' Tower
5480:Lithuania proper
5331:
5324:
5317:
5303:
5302:
5301:
5159:Three partitions
5142:Early Modern era
5096:Lithuania proper
5042:
5032:
5014:
5013:
4997:Lithuania proper
4977:Charles X Gustav
4800:
4799:
4789:Offer withdrawn
4764:
4755:
4733:
4726:
4715:
4709:
4705:
4671:
4670:
4639:Saint Petersburg
4614:
4607:
4596:25 November 1795
4592:7 September 1764
4582:
4542:
4521:
4514:
4489:
4449:23 February 1766
4442:
4436:Anna Jabłonowska
4421:
4414:
4389:
4357:, 1 son by wife
4353:
4332:
4325:
4300:
4267:23 February 1766
4260:
4254:Anna Jabłonowska
4239:
4232:
4207:
4161:, 1 son by wife
4157:
4136:
4129:
4104:
4064:
4043:
4036:
4011:
3980:10 November 1673
3973:
3952:
3945:
3934:10 November 1673
3920:
3880:16 December 1672
3869:
3862:
3841:
3834:
3819:20 November 1648
3809:
3769:
3762:
3741:
3734:
3715:Vladislovas Vaza
3709:
3657:
3650:
3629:
3622:
3597:
3560:12 December 1586
3553:
3532:
3525:
3514:12 December 1586
3506:Steponas Batoras
3500:
3464:9 September 1596
3457:
3436:
3429:
3398:15 December 1575
3388:
3344:
3323:
3316:
3291:
3242:
3220:
3213:
3195:
3185:
3146:
3145:
3122:
3090:
3081:
3072:
3050:
3043:
3018:
3016:
2981:
2972:
2950:
2943:
2918:
2912:
2879:Helena of Moscow
2858:
2851:
2826:
2824:
2770:
2763:
2738:
2736:
2700:
2699:
2643:
2636:
2615:
2613:
2563:
2556:
2543:
2513:27 October 1430
2507:Uliana Olshanska
2505:
2496:
2477:
2474:
2469:
2462:
2451:27 October 1430
2441:
2415:
2383:Russian Orthodox
2372:11 January 1397
2350:
2349: 1353–1354
2347:
2342:
2335:
2322:
2289:
2280:
2271:
2262:
2243:
2242: 1352−1362
2240:
2235:
2228:
2211:
2184:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2121:
2102:
2101: 1352−1362
2099:
2094:
2087:
2070:
2043:Murdered by the
2013:
2010:
2005:
1998:
1985:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1906:
1905: 1352−1362
1903:
1898:
1891:
1878:
1862:
1839:
1836:
1826:
1819:Maria of Vitebsk
1817:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1787:
1774:
1758:
1743:
1740:
1718:
1717: 1306−1309
1715:
1705:
1692:
1667:
1664:
1647:
1644:
1634:
1621:
1579:
1566:
1547:
1546: 1294–1295
1544:
1517:
1504:
1458:
1445:
1411:
1410:
1363:
1321:
1308:
1277:
1276:
1244:
1241:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1190:
1188:
1157:
1156:
1132:Leo I of Galicia
1102:
1085:
1027:
1014:
981:Assassinated by
967:
957:
947:
944:
939:
911:
880:
879:
773:council of lords
674:Te Deum laudamus
538:
527:Ostrów Agreement
433:Teutonic Knights
421:Rex Lethowinorum
296:Pope Benedict XV
210:
205:
198:
187:
176:
165:
154:
74:
56:
47:
41:
40:
8167:
8166:
8162:
8161:
8160:
8158:
8157:
8156:
8142:
8141:
8140:
8135:
8093:
8087:
8073:Northern Cyprus
8055:
8049:
7970:North Macedonia
7791:
7788:
7758:
7753:
7735:
7701:
7652:Stephen Báthory
7622:
7610:
7576:
7474:
7450:
7431:
7394:
7366:
7365:
7346:
7343:
7304:Kosman, Marceli
7287:
7286:
7282:
7263:
7258:
7257:
7243:
7236:
7228:
7224:
7209:
7205:
7191:
7184:
7169:
7165:
7150:
7143:
7135:
7131:
7117:Petrauskas, R.
7116:
7112:
7097:
7093:
7076:
7072:
7058:
7054:
7049:
7042:
7026:
7025:
7018:
7016:
7012:
7004:
7000:
6990:
6988:
6979:
6975:
6965:
6963:
6962:(in Lithuanian)
6954:
6953:
6949:
6939:
6937:
6936:(in Lithuanian)
6924:
6920:
6910:
6908:
6907:(in Lithuanian)
6897:
6893:
6881:Norman Davies,
6880:
6876:
6866:
6864:
6863:(in Lithuanian)
6855:Tyla, Antanas.
6853:
6849:
6833:
6832:
6825:
6823:
6819:
6811:
6807:
6797:
6795:
6786:
6782:
6772:
6770:
6762:
6756:
6749:
6739:
6737:
6736:(in Lithuanian)
6728:
6727:
6723:
6713:
6711:
6700:
6693:
6683:
6681:
6680:(in Lithuanian)
6668:
6664:
6654:
6652:
6650:
6639:
6631:
6627:
6619:
6615:
6605:
6603:
6602:(in Lithuanian)
6594:
6593:
6589:
6581:
6577:
6566:
6562:
6554:
6550:
6540:
6538:
6537:(in Lithuanian)
6527:
6523:
6515:
6511:
6503:
6499:
6488:
6484:
6476:
6472:
6458:
6449:
6435:
6433:
6423:
6417:
6408:
6394:
6392:
6391:(in Lithuanian)
6377:
6376:
6372:
6364:
6360:
6352:
6348:
6340:
6333:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6303:
6296:
6286:
6284:
6283:(in Lithuanian)
6275:
6274:
6270:
6260:
6258:
6257:(in Lithuanian)
6247:
6243:
6233:
6231:
6230:(in Lithuanian)
6220:
6216:
6206:
6204:
6203:(in Lithuanian)
6193:
6178:
6168:
6166:
6165:(in Lithuanian)
6155:
6151:
6141:
6139:
6138:(in Lithuanian)
6128:
6117:
6107:
6105:
6104:(in Lithuanian)
6094:
6087:
6077:
6075:
6074:(in Lithuanian)
6064:
6057:
6047:
6043:
6026:
6022:
6004:
5995:
5988:
5984:
5977:
5973:
5963:
5961:
5949:
5943:
5942:
5938:
5923:
5919:
5909:
5907:
5875:
5871:
5859:
5855:
5845:
5843:
5842:(in Lithuanian)
5827:
5816:
5802:
5798:
5793:
5789:
5775:
5760:
5739:
5735:
5724:
5720:
5710:Šapoka, Adolfas
5708:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5684:
5679:
5675:
5670:
5666:
5661:
5657:
5652:
5648:
5643:
5560:
5472:First World War
5468:
5462:
5440:suggested King
5409:this point the
5402:
5396:
5355:
5349:
5344:
5335:
5299:
5297:
5283:
5282:
5271:
5262:
5255:
5247:
5246:
5222:Nazi occupation
5187:
5179:
5178:
5144:
5134:
5133:
5109:
5101:
5100:
5050:
5030:
5023:
4981:third partition
4971:and became its
4941:Stephen Báthory
4886:, known as the
4860:
4854:
4852:Union of Lublin
4848:
4846:Union of Lublin
4839:
4837:
4798:
4788:
4784:Offered by the
4783:
4775:
4771:
4766:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4753:
4747:
4741:
4737:
4718:(115 days)
4716:
4714:2 November 1918
4712:
4710:
4706:
4699:
4698:
4669:
4648:
4646:
4641:
4637:
4636:1 February 1798
4622:
4618:
4617:17 January 1732
4597:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4574:and Grand Duke
4573:
4561:
4559:
4554:
4550:
4540:
4529:
4525:
4524:17 October 1696
4504:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4481:and Grand Duke
4480:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4450:
4440:
4429:
4425:
4424:20 October 1677
4404:
4403:26 January 1736
4402:
4400:
4398:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4381:and Grand Duke
4380:
4365:
4361:
4360:1 February 1733
4351:
4343:John George III
4340:
4336:
4315:
4314:1 February 1733
4313:
4311:
4309:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4292:and Grand Duke
4291:
4280:Exiled in 1709
4279:
4277:
4272:
4268:
4258:
4247:
4243:
4242:20 October 1677
4222:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4199:and Grand Duke
4198:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4164:1 February 1733
4155:
4147:John George III
4144:
4140:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4096:and Grand Duke
4095:
4083:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4062:
4051:
4047:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4017:Jonas Sobieskis
4010:
4009:
4004:
4003:and Grand Duke
4002:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3971:
3960:
3956:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3912:and Grand Duke
3911:
3897:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3867:
3866:
3860:
3849:
3845:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3808:
3807:
3805:John II Casimir
3802:
3801:and Grand Duke
3800:
3785:
3780:
3776:
3767:
3766:
3760:
3756:Anne of Austria
3749:
3745:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3719:8 November 1632
3718:
3708:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3696:and Grand Duke
3695:
3679:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3655:
3654:
3652:Anne of Austria
3648:
3637:
3633:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3589:and Grand Duke
3588:
3573:
3565:
3561:
3551:
3540:
3536:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3499:
3498:
3496:Stephen Báthory
3493:
3492:and Grand Duke
3491:
3479:
3477:
3475:Stephen Báthory
3469:
3465:
3459:Stephen Báthory
3455:
3444:
3440:
3439:18 October 1523
3419:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3402:19 August 1587
3401:
3399:
3397:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3379:
3378:Queen of Poland
3367:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3331:
3327:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3283:and Grand Duke
3282:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3177:and Grand Duke
3176:
3144:
3121:
3117:Union of Lublin
3103:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3070:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3017:
3010:
3009:
3008:and Grand Duke
3007:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:Barbara Zápolya
2970:
2964:
2958:
2954:
2953:1 January 1467
2933:
2931:
2929:
2928:8 December 1506
2927:
2917:
2913:
2906:
2905:
2904:and Grand Duke
2903:
2890:
2886:
2885:19 August 1506
2881:
2872:
2866:
2862:
2841:
2840:19 August 1506
2839:
2837:
2835:
2825:
2818:
2817:
2816:and Grand Duke
2815:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2737:
2730:
2729:
2728:and Grand Duke
2727:
2698:
2679:
2678:of Švitrigaila
2677:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2614:
2607:
2606:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2494:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2424:
2414:
2399:
2394:
2386:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2316:
2315:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2260:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2205:
2204:
2203:and Grand Duke
2202:
2183:
2168:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2064:
2063:
2053:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2011:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1979:
1978:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1851:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1768:
1767:
1757:
1744:
1741:
1734:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1686:
1685:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1658:
1648:
1645:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1615:
1614:
1601:
1596:
1588:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1560:
1559:
1545:
1530:
1528:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1498:
1497:
1487:
1471:
1469:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1439:
1438:
1409:
1393:
1392:Possibly a son
1385:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1327:Ona of Masovia
1313:
1311:
1309:
1302:
1301:
1275:
1259:
1258:Brother-in-law
1257:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1235:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1189:
1182:
1181:
1155:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1113:
1108:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1078:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1008:
1007:
997:
990:
985:
980:
976:
971:
965:
964:
962:
955:
948:
945:
929:
927:
925:
923:
922:
920:(as Grand Duke)
918:
916:
914:
912:
905:
904:
878:
870:
833:Stephen Báthory
825:Union of Lublin
777:Union of Lublin
746:Michael Glinski
695:Polish nobility
593:
587:
519:
457:Pact of Horodło
453:
369:
364:
208:
201:
179:
168:
157:
102:His/Her Majesty
80:
61:
45:
37:
30:Union of Lublin
17:
12:
11:
5:
8165:
8155:
8154:
8137:
8136:
8134:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8097:
8095:
8094:other entities
8089:
8088:
8086:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8059:
8057:
8051:
8050:
8048:
8047:
8045:United Kingdom
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7858:Czech Republic
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7799:
7797:
7793:
7792:
7787:
7786:
7779:
7772:
7764:
7755:
7754:
7746:Titular rulers
7744:
7741:
7740:
7737:
7736:
7734:
7733:
7725:
7723:
7720:House of Urach
7713:
7707:
7706:
7703:
7702:
7700:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7638:
7636:
7626:
7616:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7609:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7587:
7585:
7578:
7577:
7575:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7542:
7530:
7518:
7513:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7485:
7483:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7467:
7461:
7459:
7452:
7451:
7449:
7448:
7442:
7440:
7433:
7432:
7430:
7429:
7424:
7418:
7416:
7406:
7400:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7392:
7386:
7384:
7374:
7368:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7358:
7352:
7351:
7348:
7347:
7342:
7341:
7334:
7327:
7319:
7313:
7312:
7300:
7280:
7262:
7259:
7256:
7255:
7234:
7222:
7203:
7182:
7163:
7141:
7129:
7110:
7091:
7070:
7052:
7040:
6998:
6973:
6947:
6918:
6891:
6874:
6847:
6805:
6780:
6747:
6721:
6691:
6662:
6648:
6625:
6613:
6587:
6585:, p. 279.
6575:
6560:
6548:
6521:
6509:
6497:
6482:
6470:
6447:
6406:
6370:
6368:, p. 186.
6358:
6346:
6344:, p. 274.
6331:
6317:
6294:
6268:
6241:
6214:
6197:"Inauguracija"
6176:
6149:
6115:
6085:
6055:
6041:
6020:
6008:(2 June 2019)
5993:
5982:
5971:
5936:
5917:
5869:
5853:
5814:
5796:
5787:
5758:
5733:
5718:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5682:
5673:
5664:
5655:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5559:
5556:
5508:Verkiai Palace
5494:following the
5492:Russian Empire
5464:Main article:
5461:
5454:
5398:Main article:
5395:
5392:
5388:Livonian Order
5363:Teutonic Order
5351:Main article:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5326:
5319:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5294:
5293:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5266:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5140:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5035:
5034:
5025:
5024:
5017:
5001:Russian Empire
4969:Swedish Empire
4864:King of Poland
4856:Main article:
4850:Main article:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4777:
4770:24 March 1928
4768:
4751:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4668:
4665:House of Urach
4662:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4643:
4634:
4631:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4576:
4572:King of Poland
4569:
4568:
4563:
4556:
4549:5 October 1763
4547:
4546:, 16 children
4538:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4503:5 October 1763
4499:5 October 1733
4483:
4479:King of Poland
4476:
4475:
4470:
4456:
4447:
4438:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4383:
4379:King of Poland
4376:
4375:
4370:
4367:
4358:
4349:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4294:
4290:King of Poland
4287:
4286:
4281:
4274:
4265:
4256:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4201:
4197:King of Poland
4194:
4193:
4188:
4171:
4162:
4153:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4098:
4094:King of Poland
4091:
4090:
4085:
4078:
4069:
4068:, 13 children
4060:
4054:Jakub Sobieski
4046:17 August 1629
4044:
4037:
4030:
4005:
4001:King of Poland
3998:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3978:
3977:, no children
3969:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3914:
3910:King of Poland
3907:
3906:
3901:
3887:
3878:
3858:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3803:
3799:King of Poland
3796:
3795:
3790:
3782:
3773:
3758:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3698:
3694:King of Poland
3691:
3690:
3685:
3670:
3661:
3646:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3607:19 August 1587
3603:Zigmantas Vaza
3591:
3587:King of Poland
3584:
3583:
3578:
3571:Anna Jagiellon
3567:
3558:
3557:, no children
3555:Anna Jagiellon
3549:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3494:
3490:King of Poland
3487:
3486:
3481:
3471:
3462:
3461:, no children
3453:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3394:Ona Jogailaitė
3382:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3358:
3349:
3348:, no children
3340:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3297:Henrikas Valua
3285:
3281:King of Poland
3278:
3277:
3272:
3263:
3254:
3238:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3179:
3175:King of Poland
3172:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3119:signed in 1569
3112:
3111:
3105:
3096:
3068:
3053:1 August 1520
3051:
3044:
3037:
3006:King of Poland
3003:
3002:
2996:
2987:
2968:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2902:King of Poland
2899:
2898:
2892:
2883:
2876:
2861:5 August 1461
2859:
2852:
2845:
2814:King of Poland
2811:
2810:
2804:
2795:
2788:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2726:King of Poland
2723:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2670:20 March 1440
2668:
2661:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2602:
2601:
2595:
2586:
2581:
2579:Uliana of Tver
2564:
2557:
2550:
2532:
2531:
2520:
2511:
2492:
2480:Senieji Trakai
2470:
2463:
2456:
2428:
2427:
2416:Following the
2412:signed in 1392
2405:
2404:
2388:
2370:
2365:
2363:Uliana of Tver
2343:
2336:
2329:
2311:
2310:
2304:
2295:
2258:
2256:Uliana of Tver
2236:
2229:
2222:
2201:King of Poland
2198:
2197:
2181:signed in 1385
2174:
2173:
2163:
2154:
2117:
2115:Uliana of Tver
2095:
2088:
2081:
2059:
2058:
2048:
2035:
2028:
2016:Senieji Trakai
2006:
1999:
1992:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1958:
1921:
1919:Uliana of Tver
1899:
1892:
1885:
1868:with Kęstutis)
1857:
1856:
1846:
1832:
1828:Uliana of Tver
1813:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1764:with Kęstutis)
1753:
1752:
1746:
1736:
1729:
1711:
1706:
1699:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1660:
1653:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1540:
1535:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1493:
1492:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1464:
1459:
1452:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1352:
1351:
1339:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1315:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1251:
1237:
1229:
1212:
1205:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1124:
1121:Unmarried and
1119:
1103:
1096:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1046:
1028:
1021:
1003:
1002:
992:
973:
953:
940:
933:
900:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
877:
871:
869:
866:
846:election sejms
730:Wojciech Tabor
697:'s opposition.
638:Gediminas' Cap
627:Gediminas' Cap
591:Gediminas' Cap
586:
583:
581:in Lithuania.
569:In 1544–1548,
554:Jogaila's son
518:
515:
497:Following the
452:
449:
368:
365:
363:
360:
326:Gediminas' Cap
307:Pope John XXII
225:
224:
218:
214:
213:
195:
191:
190:
148:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
90:
89:
86:
85:
82:
81:
75:
67:
66:
63:
62:
57:
49:
48:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8164:
8153:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8106:Faroe Islands
8104:
8102:
8099:
8098:
8096:
8090:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8078:South Ossetia
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8060:
8058:
8052:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7930:Liechtenstein
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7794:
7785:
7780:
7778:
7773:
7771:
7766:
7765:
7762:
7751:
7747:
7742:
7732:
7731:
7727:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7708:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7621:
7617:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7579:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7551:
7546:
7543:
7539:
7534:
7531:
7527:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7510:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7477:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7453:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7434:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7401:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7369:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7349:
7340:
7335:
7333:
7328:
7326:
7321:
7320:
7317:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7297:
7291:
7283:
7277:
7273:
7269:
7268:Frost, Robert
7265:
7264:
7252:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7239:
7232:
7226:
7219:
7215:
7214:
7207:
7200:
7199:
7195:
7189:
7187:
7179:
7175:
7174:
7167:
7160:
7156:
7155:
7148:
7146:
7138:
7133:
7126:
7122:
7121:
7114:
7107:
7106:
7101:
7095:
7088:
7087:9986-810-13-2
7084:
7080:
7074:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7056:
7047:
7045:
7036:
7030:
7011:
7010:
7002:
6986:
6985:
6977:
6961:
6957:
6951:
6935:
6934:
6929:
6922:
6906:
6902:
6895:
6888:
6884:
6878:
6862:
6858:
6851:
6843:
6837:
6818:
6817:
6809:
6793:
6792:
6784:
6768:
6761:
6754:
6752:
6735:
6731:
6725:
6709:
6705:
6698:
6696:
6679:
6678:
6673:
6666:
6651:
6649:9786094940033
6645:
6638:
6637:
6629:
6622:
6617:
6601:
6597:
6591:
6584:
6579:
6573:
6570:, p. 278
6569:
6564:
6557:
6552:
6536:
6532:
6525:
6518:
6513:
6506:
6501:
6495:
6492:, p. 277
6491:
6486:
6479:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6462:
6456:
6454:
6452:
6444:
6431:
6430:
6422:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6403:
6390:
6389:
6385:
6380:
6374:
6367:
6362:
6355:
6350:
6343:
6338:
6336:
6320:
6314:
6310:
6309:
6301:
6299:
6282:
6278:
6272:
6256:
6252:
6245:
6229:
6225:
6218:
6202:
6198:
6191:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6164:
6160:
6153:
6137:
6133:
6126:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6103:
6099:
6092:
6090:
6073:
6069:
6062:
6060:
6053:
6050:
6045:
6038:
6037:
6032:
6031:
6024:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6007:
6002:
6000:
5998:
5991:
5986:
5980:
5975:
5959:
5955:
5948:
5947:
5940:
5933:
5932:
5927:
5921:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5879:
5873:
5866:
5862:
5857:
5841:
5840:
5835:
5831:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5811:
5807:
5806:
5800:
5791:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5755:
5754:1-57958-282-6
5751:
5747:
5743:
5737:
5730:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5711:
5706:
5702:
5686:
5677:
5668:
5659:
5650:
5646:
5638:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5627:
5622:
5618:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5591:
5585:
5581:
5579:
5574:
5568:
5565:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5476:German Empire
5473:
5467:
5459:
5449:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5436:In 1526, the
5434:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5407:
5401:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5354:
5332:
5327:
5325:
5320:
5318:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5306:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5287:
5286:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5138:
5137:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5075:Baltic tribes
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5065:Neman culture
5063:
5061:
5060:Narva culture
5058:
5056:
5055:Kunda culture
5053:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5027:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4929:Election sejm
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4897:
4896:Election sejm
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4874:ceremony and
4873:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4801:
4787:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4769:
4758:
4752:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4719:
4704:
4703:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4666:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4644:
4640:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4602:
4600:
4589:
4585:
4579:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4509:
4507:
4496:
4492:
4486:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4463:
4457:
4453:
4448:
4446:, 2 children
4445:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4407:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4359:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4318:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4275:
4271:
4266:
4264:, 2 children
4263:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4225:
4214:
4210:
4204:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4180:Dethroned by
4178:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4135:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4122:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4079:
4075:
4070:
4067:
4061:
4059:
4058:Teofila Zofia
4055:
4050:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4029:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3979:
3976:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3894:
3891:Previously a
3888:
3884:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3865:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3852:Sigismund III
3848:
3844:22 March 1609
3843:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3827:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3783:
3779:
3774:
3772:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3752:Sigismund III
3748:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3727:
3716:
3712:
3707:
3701:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3667:
3663:30 April 1632
3662:
3660:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3615:
3611:30 April 1632
3604:
3600:
3594:
3593:Sigismund III
3586:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3518:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3463:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3410:
3406:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3365:
3359:
3355:
3351:2 August 1589
3350:
3347:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3330:
3329:Fontainebleau
3325:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3223:1 August 1520
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3118:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3084:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3005:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:1 April 1548
2988:
2984:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2932:1 April 1548
2925:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2695:
2686:
2682:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2594:Aged about 82
2592:
2587:
2583:Anna of Tver
2582:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2549:1 August 1432
2542:
2541:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2519:Aged about 80
2517:
2512:
2508:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2447:4 August 1392
2445:
2440:
2439:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2376:
2371:
2369:and childless
2366:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2283:
2274:
2273:Anna of Cilli
2265:
2259:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2213:3 August 1382
2210:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2132:Anna of Cilli
2124:
2118:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2072:3 August 1382
2069:
2068:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1936:Anna of Cilli
1928:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1867:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1847:
1845:Aged about 81
1843:
1833:
1829:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1723:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1673:Aged about 66
1671:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1397:
1391:
1389:
1384:3 March 1285
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1272:
1263:
1256:
1252:
1250:Aged about 39
1248:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1223:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1152:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1128:Was murdered
1125:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1004:
1001:
996:
993:
991:Aged about 60
989:
984:
979:
974:
970:
960:
954:
952:
941:
938:
934:
932:
921:
910:
909:
902:
901:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
881:
875:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
821:Election sejm
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
793:
791:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
758:
754:
750:
747:
741:
739:
738:John I Albert
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
706:
702:
698:
696:
692:
688:
687:pan – dominus
684:
680:
676:
675:
670:
666:
665:Władysław III
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
628:
624:
620:
613:
609:
602:
597:
592:
582:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
560:John I Albert
557:
556:Władysław III
552:
550:
546:
542:
537:
532:
528:
524:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
495:
494:
490:
485:
484:
480:
475:
474:
470:
465:
463:
458:
448:
446:
442:
439:and his wife
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
405:
404:
400:
395:
394:
390:
385:
384:
381:
377:
372:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
322:inaugurations
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:head of state
232:
222:
219:
215:
204:
196:
192:
186:
182:
175:
171:
164:
160:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:
123:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
91:
87:
83:
79:
73:
68:
64:
60:
55:
50:
42:
39:
35:
32:in 1569, see
31:
27:
23:
8083:Transnistria
7749:
7730:Mindaugas II
7728:
7624:Commonwealth
7360:
7307:
7271:
7261:Bibliography
7248:
7225:
7211:
7206:
7196:
7172:
7166:
7158:
7153:
7132:
7118:
7113:
7103:
7094:
7078:
7073:
7061:
7055:
7017:. Retrieved
7008:
7001:
6989:. Retrieved
6983:
6976:
6964:. Retrieved
6959:
6950:
6938:. Retrieved
6931:
6921:
6909:. Retrieved
6904:
6894:
6882:
6877:
6865:. Retrieved
6860:
6850:
6824:. Retrieved
6815:
6808:
6796:. Retrieved
6790:
6783:
6771:. Retrieved
6766:
6738:. Retrieved
6733:
6724:
6712:. Retrieved
6707:
6682:. Retrieved
6675:
6665:
6653:. Retrieved
6635:
6628:
6616:
6604:. Retrieved
6599:
6590:
6578:
6571:
6563:
6551:
6539:. Retrieved
6534:
6524:
6512:
6500:
6493:
6485:
6473:
6464:
6441:
6434:. Retrieved
6427:
6400:
6393:. Retrieved
6382:
6373:
6361:
6349:
6322:. Retrieved
6307:
6285:. Retrieved
6280:
6271:
6259:. Retrieved
6254:
6244:
6232:. Retrieved
6227:
6217:
6205:. Retrieved
6200:
6167:. Retrieved
6162:
6152:
6140:. Retrieved
6135:
6106:. Retrieved
6101:
6076:. Retrieved
6071:
6051:
6044:
6035:
6028:
6023:
6013:
5985:
5974:
5962:. Retrieved
5945:
5939:
5929:
5920:
5910:17 September
5908:. Retrieved
5904:the original
5891:
5885:
5872:
5864:
5856:
5844:. Retrieved
5837:
5804:
5799:
5790:
5780:
5741:
5736:
5726:
5721:
5713:
5705:
5685:
5676:
5667:
5658:
5649:
5624:
5615:
5587:
5583:
5570:
5561:
5469:
5457:
5435:
5422:
5403:
5356:
5289:
5277:
5254:Other topics
5192:Russian rule
4973:protectorate
4872:inauguration
4861:
4782:restoration
4779:
4736:30 May 1864
4717:
4708:11 July 1918
4702:Mindaugas II
4700:
4598:
4505:
4485:Augustus III
4467:Augustus III
4405:
4385:Stanislaus I
4316:
4223:
4217:12 July 1704
4203:Stanislaus I
4182:Stanislaus I
4120:
4071:17 June 1696
4027:
4025:17 June 1696
3995:Wiśniowiecki
3958:Biały Kamień
3936:
3930:19 June 1669
3825:
3725:
3706:Ladislaus IV
3705:
3700:Władysław IV
3632:20 June 1566
3613:
3576:Transylvania
3516:
3445:Daughter of
3420:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3307:
3203:
3132:Commonwealth
3115:
3098:7 July 1572
3086:No children
3077:No children
3034:
3032:7 July 1572
3028:1 April 1548
3011:
2934:
2914:
2907:
2842:
2836:30 July 1492
2819:
2797:7 June 1492
2754:
2752:7 June 1492
2748:29 June 1440
2731:
2663:
2608:
2566:Before 1370
2545:October 1430
2538:
2453:
2443:
2436:
2421:
2408:
2317:
2297:1 June 1434
2285:No children
2267:No children
2219:
2217:1 June 1434
2206:
2192:
2179:Act of Kreva
2177:
2156:1 June 1434
2144:No children
2126:No children
2078:
2076:1 June 1434
2065:
1980:
1960:1 June 1434
1948:No children
1930:No children
1873:
1863:
1769:
1759:
1731:
1708:
1687:
1637:
1616:
1582:
1561:
1537:
1525:
1520:
1499:
1478:
1466:
1461:
1440:
1379:
1374:
1358:
1303:
1183:
1105:
1087:
1080:
1048:
1030:
1009:
930:
919:
906:
862:Polish crown
794:
769:lower castle
762:
742:
724:wear at the
710:
686:
672:
650:
631:
568:
553:
520:
517:Supreme Duke
506:
499:Act of Krėva
496:
492:
486:
482:
476:
472:
466:
461:
454:
444:
435:referred to
424:
420:
406:
402:
396:
392:
386:
382:
379:
373:
370:
338:
319:
300:
292:Mindaugas II
277:
230:
228:
217:Pretender(s)
125:Mindaguas II
44:Monarchy of
38:
26:Commonwealth
8121:Isle of Man
8056:recognition
8030:Switzerland
7965:Netherlands
7635:(1569–1795)
7584:(1440–1569)
7567:Švitrigaila
7482:(1285–1440)
7458:(1269–1285)
7439:(1267–1269)
7415:(1263–1267)
7383:(1236–1263)
6621:Kosman 1989
6583:Kosman 1989
6568:Kosman 1989
6556:Kosman 1989
6505:Kosman 1989
6490:Kosman 1989
6342:Kosman 1989
5573:Middle Ages
5470:During the
5108:Middle ages
5029:History of
4767:No children
4760:9 children
4686:Marriage(s)
4656:Poniatowski
4473:Leszczyński
4465:Deposed by
4335:12 May 1670
4310:8 July 1709
4296:Augustus II
4284:Leszczyński
4221:8 July 1709
4139:12 May 1670
4100:Augustus II
4021:19 May 1674
3955:31 May 1640
3775:20 May 1648
3744:9 June 1595
3723:20 May 1648
3451:Bona Sforza
3447:Sigismund I
3354:Saint-Cloud
3305:12 May 1575
3301:16 May 1573
3256:7 July 1572
3236:Bona Sforza
3201:7 July 1572
3197:1 July 1569
3161:Marriage(s)
3109:Sigismund I
3095:No children
3066:Bona Sforza
2983:Bona Sforza
2977:2 children
2909:Sigismund I
2882:No children
2794:12 children
2715:Marriage(s)
2696:(1440–1569)
2540:Švitrigaila
2522:Offered by
2510:No children
2476: 1350
2400:Removed by
2390:Offered by
2314:Grand Duke
2062:Grand Duke
2012: 1297
1977:Grand Duke
1884:August 1381
1860:Grand Duke
1838: 1377
1822:6 children
1801: 1296
1756:Grand Duke
1742: 1366
1666: 1341
1659:13 children
1646: 1275
1550:Brother of
1426:Marriage(s)
1407:(1285–1440)
1289:Marriage(s)
1273:(1269–1285)
1253:Offered by
1243: 1269
1236:No children
1218: 1230
1169:Marriage(s)
1153:(1267–1269)
963:2 children
946: 1203
892:Marriage(s)
876:(1236–1267)
854:coronations
657:Jan Długosz
320:During the
274:Mindaugas I
209:Hereditary
206:(1574–1795)
199:(1253–1574)
197:Hereditary
155:(1253−1263)
112:Mindaugas I
8000:San Marino
7960:Montenegro
7940:Luxembourg
7920:Kazakhstan
7823:Azerbaijan
7489:Butigeidis
7427:Vaišvilkas
7274:. Oxford.
7019:6 November
6991:6 November
6966:6 November
6940:6 November
6911:4 November
6714:4 November
6517:Frost 2015
6478:Frost 2015
6366:Frost 2015
6354:Frost 2015
6318:8324205497
6052:Kuzma Art.
5748:. p. 855.
5697:References
5564:monarchist
5543:Parliament
5526:, the new
5380:Novogrudok
5290:Chronology
5186:Modern era
5087:Amber Road
5049:Prehistory
4939:presented
4884:federation
4697:King-elect
4633:Unmarried
4584:Lithuanian
4506:(30 years)
4491:Lithuanian
4391:Lithuanian
4302:Lithuanian
4209:Lithuanian
4106:Lithuanian
4013:Lithuanian
3922:Lithuanian
3811:Lithuanian
3711:Lithuanian
3599:Lithuanian
3510:1 May 1576
3502:Lithuanian
3405:(de facto)
3390:Lithuanian
3293:Lithuanian
3265:Hereditary
3187:Lithuanian
3020:Lithuanian
2986:6 children
2920:Lithuanian
2828:Lithuanian
2740:Lithuanian
2617:Lithuanian
2605:Grand Duke
2535:Grand Duke
2431:Grand Duke
2387:Aged 42−44
2367:Unmarried
2303:Aged 72−82
2294:2 children
2162:Aged 72−82
2153:2 children
2047:Aged 84–85
2034:3 children
1966:Aged 72−82
1957:2 children
1842:Maišiagala
1831:8 children
1745:Aged 57−60
1735:3 children
1709:None known
1684:Grand Duke
1638:None known
1613:Grand Duke
1583:None known
1558:Grand Duke
1552:Butigeidis
1532:Skalmantas
1521:None known
1496:Grand Duke
1473:Skalmantas
1462:None known
1442:Butigeidis
1437:Grand Duke
1355:Grand Duke
1300:Grand Duke
1262:Vaišvilkas
1255:Vaišvilkas
1192:Lithuanian
1180:Grand Duke
1082:Vaišvilkas
1077:Grand Duke
1069:Nephew of
1061:Vaišvilkas
1006:Grand Duke
972:2 children
848:until the
661:Casimir IV
589:See also:
579:vicegerent
469:Lithuanian
451:Grand Duke
429:Ruthenians
376:Lithuanian
264:, and the
223:(disputed)
28:since the
8111:Gibraltar
7935:Lithuania
7596:Alexander
7557:Skirgaila
7504:Gediminas
7470:Daumantas
7465:Traidenis
7390:Mindaugas
7290:cite book
7178:Lrytas.lt
7029:cite book
6887:Podlasian
6867:1 January
6836:cite book
6826:1 January
6798:1 January
6773:1 January
6740:1 January
6684:1 January
6655:1 January
6606:1 January
6541:1 January
6443:dominus).
6436:1 January
6395:1 January
6324:1 January
6287:1 January
6261:1 January
6234:1 January
6207:1 January
6169:1 January
6142:1 January
6108:1 January
6078:1 January
5931:Lrytas.lt
5900:1392-0677
5805:Gediminas
5746:Routledge
5588:In 1918,
5558:Modernity
5554:instead.
5548:satellite
5524:Reichstag
5516:courtiers
5431:Nuremberg
5080:Yotvingia
5031:Lithuania
4967:with the
4953:elevation
4862:In 1564,
4452:Lunéville
4369:Restored
4270:Lunéville
3916:Michael I
3899:Abdicated
3678:to Warsaw
3635:Gripsholm
3484:Jagiellon
3417:(de jure)
3366:in France
3275:Jagiellon
3271:monarchy
3128:Lithuania
2956:Kozienice
2319:Skirgaila
2190:Lithuania
2056:Gediminas
2021:Gediminas
1854:Gediminas
1806:Gediminas
1750:Gediminas
1722:Gediminas
1618:Gediminas
1490:Daumantas
1396:Mindaugas
1360:Daumantas
1349:Mindaugas
1305:Traidenis
1142:Mindaugas
1123:childless
1111:Mindaugas
1071:Mindaugas
1000:Ringaudas
988:Daumantas
951:Ringaudas
931:(as king)
908:Mindaugas
601:Palemonas
350:based on
340:Lithuania
303:Gediminas
254:dynasties
239:Lithuania
194:Appointer
147:Residence
139:Abolition
131:Formation
78:Mindaugas
46:Lithuania
8146:Category
8131:Svalbard
8116:Guernsey
8063:Abkhazia
8015:Slovenia
8010:Slovakia
7985:Portugal
7843:Bulgaria
7562:Vytautas
7545:Kęstutis
7521:Algirdas
7516:Jaunutis
7494:Butvydas
7422:Treniota
7270:(2015).
7159:Emokykla
5846:19 March
5712:(2008).
5552:republic
5413:and the
5020:a series
5018:Part of
4876:insignia
4796:Timeline
4677:Portrait
4642:Aged 66
4555:Aged 66
4469:in 1736
4455:Aged 88
4366:Aged 62
4273:Aged 88
4170:Aged 62
4088:Sobieski
4077:Aged 66
3986:Aged 33
3893:cardinal
3886:Aged 63
3781:Aged 52
3669:Aged 65
3566:Aged 53
3470:Aged 72
3357:Aged 37
3334:Henry II
3262:Aged 51
3152:Portrait
2706:Portrait
2685:Kęstutis
2654:Kęstutis
2599:Algirdas
2574:Algirdas
2529:Kęstutis
2501:1 child
2485:Kęstutis
2438:Vytautas
2397:Algirdas
2385:priests
2358:Algirdas
2308:Algirdas
2276:1 child
2251:Algirdas
2171:Algirdas
2135:1 child
2110:Algirdas
1982:Kęstutis
1971:Algirdas
1939:1 child
1914:Algirdas
1880:May 1377
1771:Algirdas
1689:Jaunutis
1678:Butvydas
1651:Butvydas
1607:Butvydas
1595:Vikinda
1591:Butvydas
1501:Butvydas
1417:Portrait
1283:Portrait
1163:Portrait
1088:Laurušas
1044:Vykintas
1011:Treniota
983:Treniota
886:Portrait
705:Tapestry
623:Vytautas
577:was his
462:de facto
445:Julijona
437:Algirdas
243:absolute
203:Szlachta
8040:Ukraine
7990:Romania
7950:Moldova
7908:Ireland
7903:Iceland
7898:Hungary
7888:Germany
7883:Georgia
7873:Finland
7868:Estonia
7863:Denmark
7848:Croatia
7833:Belgium
7828:Belarus
7818:Austria
7813:Armenia
7808:Andorra
7803:Albania
7750:italics
7748:are in
7633:Elected
7533:Jogaila
7499:Vytenis
5954:Vilnius
5894:(504).
5611:Vilnius
5590:Germany
5484:Prussia
5478:wanted
5458:de jure
5419:Jogaila
5369:by the
5367:Livonia
5365:and of
5361:by the
5359:Prussia
5342:History
5005:Sudovia
4993:Austria
4985:Prussia
4959:of the
4780:De jure
4776:Aged 63
4773:Rapallo
4742:Son of
4645:Elected
4623:Son of
4620:Wołczyn
4558:Usurped
4552:Dresden
4530:Son of
4527:Dresden
4458:Elected
4430:Son of
4341:Son of
4338:Dresden
4276:Usurped
4248:Son of
4173:Elected
4145:Son of
4142:Dresden
4080:Elected
4074:Wilanów
4052:Son of
3989:Elected
3961:Son of
3850:Son of
3778:Merkinė
3750:Son of
3638:Son of
3581:Báthory
3541:Son of
3364:brother
3360:Elected
3332:Son of
3259:Knyszyn
3229:Son of
3107:Son of
3104:Aged 51
3101:Knyszyn
3059:Son of
2998:Son of
2995:Aged 81
2959:Son of
2894:Son of
2891:Aged 45
2888:Vilnius
2867:Son of
2808:Jogaila
2806:Son of
2803:Aged 64
2779:Son of
2683:Son of
2680:Aged 75
2667:1 child
2664:Unknown
2652:Son of
2597:Son of
2585:1 child
2572:Son of
2569:Vilnius
2527:Son of
2524:Jogaila
2483:Son of
2422:de jure
2402:Jogaila
2395:Son of
2392:Jogaila
2356:Son of
2353:Vilnius
2306:Son of
2249:Son of
2246:Vilnius
2193:de jure
2169:Son of
2108:Son of
2105:Vilnius
2054:Son of
2019:Son of
1969:Son of
1912:Son of
1909:Vilnius
1866:Diarchy
1852:Son of
1804:Son of
1762:Diarchy
1748:Son of
1732:Unknown
1720:Son of
1676:Son of
1670:Raudonė
1649:Son of
1605:Son of
1602:Aged 56
1597:1 child
1589:Son of
1563:Vytenis
1538:Unknown
1529:Son of
1526:Unknown
1479:Unknown
1470:Son of
1467:Unknown
1380:Unknown
1375:Unknown
1338:Aged 62
1335:Kernavė
1329:1 child
1225:Son of
1196:Švarnas
1140:Son of
1109:Son of
1106:Unknown
1052:1 child
1049:Unknown
1034:Son of
1031:Unknown
669:Vilnius
489:English
417:Vytenis
399:English
279:de jure
270:crowned
174:Vilnius
163:Vilnius
93:Details
8126:Jersey
8068:Kosovo
8035:Turkey
8025:Sweden
8005:Serbia
7995:Russia
7980:Poland
7975:Norway
7955:Monaco
7925:Latvia
7893:Greece
7878:France
7853:Cyprus
7722:(1918)
7550:family
7538:family
7526:family
7509:family
7446:Shvarn
7278:
7085:
6646:
6466:Delfi.
6315:
5964:30 May
5898:
5887:Voruta
5752:
5635:Monaco
5539:France
5488:Saxony
5474:, the
5427:Kraków
5022:on the
5003:while
4989:Russia
4957:Deluge
4925:Grodno
4739:Monaco
4692:Claim
4667:(1918)
4566:Wettin
4373:Wettin
4363:Warsaw
4191:Wettin
4177:Saxony
4167:Warsaw
4049:Olesko
3883:Nevers
3847:Kraków
3788:Moscow
3747:Łobzów
3682:Sweden
3676:Kraków
3666:Warsaw
3563:Grodno
3467:Warsaw
3442:Kraków
3372:Valois
3226:Kraków
3170:House
3124:Poland
3056:Kraków
2992:Kraków
2864:Kraków
2776:Kraków
2721:Claim
2673:Trakai
2659:Birutė
2649:Trakai
2516:Trakai
2490:Birutė
2186:Poland
2031:Birutė
1432:Claim
1295:Claim
1222:Halych
1185:Shvarn
1175:Claim
978:Aglona
898:Claim
860:, the
817:Grodno
503:Poland
441:Uliana
362:Titles
309:. The
290:, and
260:, the
211:(1918)
185:Grodno
152:Voruta
8101:Åland
8020:Spain
7945:Malta
7915:Italy
7218:Delfi
7198:15min
7139:p. 11
7105:15min
7066:JSTOR
7013:(PDF)
6820:(PDF)
6763:(PDF)
6640:(PDF)
6424:(PDF)
6384:DELFI
5950:(PDF)
5641:Notes
5384:Morta
5091:Aesti
4975:with
4689:Death
4683:Birth
3704:also
3287:Henry
3167:Claim
3164:Death
3158:Birth
2718:Death
2712:Birth
2646:1365
2591:Lutsk
2040:Kreva
2037:1382
2026:Jaunė
1811:Jaunė
1727:Jaunė
1656:Jaunė
1600:1316
1587:1260
1429:Death
1423:Birth
1332:1282
1292:Death
1286:Birth
1247:Kholm
1172:Death
1166:Birth
1126:1268
1055:1264
975:1263
969:Morta
928:1263
917:1253
895:Death
889:Birth
642:sword
501:with
479:Latin
389:Latin
346:in a
256:—the
251:ducal
98:Style
76:King
7296:link
7276:ISBN
7083:ISBN
7035:link
7021:2023
6993:2023
6968:2023
6942:2023
6913:2023
6869:2024
6842:link
6828:2024
6800:2024
6775:2024
6742:2024
6716:2023
6686:2024
6657:2024
6644:ISBN
6608:2024
6543:2024
6438:2024
6397:2024
6326:2024
6313:ISBN
6289:2024
6263:2024
6236:2024
6209:2024
6171:2024
6144:2024
6110:2024
6080:2024
5966:2021
5912:2006
5896:ISSN
5848:2023
5750:ISBN
5605:and
4991:and
4746:and
4680:Arms
4674:Name
4627:and
4534:and
4434:and
4427:Lwów
4345:and
4252:and
4245:Lwów
4149:and
4118:1706
4056:and
3983:Lwów
3965:and
3904:Vasa
3854:and
3793:Vasa
3754:and
3688:Vasa
3642:and
3545:and
3449:and
3384:Anna
3336:and
3234:and
3155:Arms
3149:Name
3126:and
3064:and
2963:and
2871:and
2784:and
2709:Arms
2703:Name
2657:and
2629:1440
2625:1432
2577:and
2498:Anna
2488:and
2375:Kyiv
2361:and
2328:1392
2324:1386
2254:and
2188:and
2113:and
2024:and
1991:1382
1987:1381
1917:and
1809:and
1780:1377
1776:1345
1725:and
1698:1345
1694:1341
1627:1341
1623:1316
1572:1316
1568:1295
1510:1295
1506:1291
1483:1291
1451:1291
1447:1285
1420:Arms
1414:Name
1388:Tver
1369:1285
1365:1282
1324:1220
1314:1282
1310:1270
1280:Name
1204:1269
1200:1267
1160:Name
1114:and
1095:1267
1091:1264
1042:and
1020:1264
1016:1263
986:and
924:1253
913:1236
903:King
883:Name
868:List
367:King
245:and
229:The
142:1795
134:1236
7250:LRT
6036:LRT
6015:LRT
5782:LRT
5631:LRT
5609:in
5486:or
4763:(2)
4754:(1)
4541:(1)
4441:(1)
4352:(1)
4259:(1)
4156:(1)
4063:(1)
3972:(1)
3868:(2)
3861:(1)
3768:(2)
3761:(1)
3656:(2)
3649:(1)
3552:(1)
3456:(1)
3343:(1)
3241:(3)
3089:(3)
3080:(2)
3071:(1)
2980:(2)
2971:(1)
2504:(2)
2495:(1)
2288:(4)
2279:(3)
2270:(2)
2261:(1)
2147:(4)
2138:(3)
2129:(2)
2120:(1)
1951:(4)
1942:(3)
1933:(2)
1924:(1)
1825:(2)
1816:(1)
1534:(?)
1488:of
1475:(?)
1394:of
1347:of
1260:of
1130:by
966:(2)
956:(1)
856:of
487:In
477:In
467:In
431:).
397:In
387:In
374:In
332:in
294:by
286:by
237:of
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7292:}}
7288:{{
7247:.
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6381:.
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6279:.
6199:.
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6161:.
6118:^
6088:^
6058:^
5996:^
5956::
5884:.
5832:.
5817:^
5761:^
5744:.
5637:.
5089:/
4987:,
4915:,
4911:,
4907:,
4711:–
4586::
4493::
4393::
4304::
4211::
4108::
4015::
3924::
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3813::
3713::
3601::
3504::
3392::
3295::
3189::
3022::
2922::
2830::
2742::
2619::
2473:c.
2346:c.
2239:c.
2098:c.
2009:c.
1902:c.
1835:c.
1798:c.
1739:c.
1714:c.
1663:c.
1643:c.
1543:c.
1240:c.
1232:NN
1215:c.
1194::
1116:NN
1038:,
1036:NN
959:NN
943:c.
811:,
807:,
803:,
659:.
566:.
491::
481::
471::
401::
391::
380:Iš
378::
336:.
298:.
183:,
172:,
161:,
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