4837:
4106:
1826:
1788:
875:
837:
792:
540:
7524:
8023:
7931:
767:
4781:
7264:
6413:
6451:
4658:
7710:
6480:
2160:
1315:
6722:
6690:
6661:
983:
5232:
3698:
2187:
2082:
1250:
7418:
2813:
2772:
2629:
2591:
2480:
2362:
2324:
2286:
1747:
1692:
957:
7339:
5762:
2203:
2043:
1996:
1057:
999:
725:
682:
586:
494:
360:
6562:
6512:
7377:
4352:
7488:
3986:
6133:
3936:
7354:
6028:
5074:
3998:
2094:
1941:
916:
3971:
2067:
4147:
3382:
6845:
3037:
7635:
2684:
6171:
3848:
5522:
1980:
7556:
4685:
2646:
2379:
570:
5206:
5127:
4951:
4714:
3660:
5422:
6092:
3645:
2839:
6200:
3341:
4080:
6813:
7781:
613:
3011:
7868:
752:
5724:
4904:
3604:
1659:
1619:
1572:
1538:
1441:
1398:
1302:
1110:
3420:
5100:
5592:
3534:
478:
7742:
2893:
7796:
7609:
7539:
7433:
7280:
7130:
6922:
6539:
5645:
5537:
5438:
4434:
4320:
4121:
3948:
3863:
3549:
3464:
3435:
3274:
3172:
3134:
2970:
2925:
2855:
2699:
2661:
2394:
1903:
1487:
1193:
1152:
628:
452:
4546:
344:
5384:
7322:
5300:
1858:
314:
8008:
7946:
7913:
7840:
7808:
7725:
7621:
7571:
7503:
7465:
7404:
7293:
7197:
7168:
7086:
7007:
6963:
6910:
6860:
6828:
6790:
6749:
6638:
6577:
6527:
6495:
6466:
6346:
6314:
6285:
6215:
6107:
6069:
5958:
5917:
5850:
5777:
5739:
5686:
5607:
5499:
5467:
5399:
5367:
5247:
5168:
5115:
5033:
5001:
4963:
4820:
4758:
4673:
4631:
4599:
4561:
4520:
4479:
4390:
4278:
4240:
4162:
4039:
3895:
3789:
3751:
3713:
3496:
3356:
3315:
3093:
3052:
942:
7825:
7594:
2347:
1556:
5671:
5323:
2506:
2271:
6591:
6232:
2996:
5285:
4616:
7667:
2878:
5902:
5789:
640:
5191:
4024:
4305:
1178:
19:
1286:
7153:
4065:
2910:
2576:
2309:
4584:
2027:
3619:
6623:
7226:
3921:
3449:
3078:
7450:
5352:
3300:
3259:
2465:
7103:
2716:
7898:
2614:
3227:
3189:
3157:
2757:
2245:
7970:
6372:
5984:
5259:
4726:
7883:
7057:
6872:
5566:
1238:
6013:
4263:
4225:
2955:
7209:
6975:
6934:
6737:
6606:
6186:
6148:
5338:
3587:
3508:
2798:
7182:
4464:
2144:
5943:
5803:
4505:
2544:
1382:
6299:
5698:
5873:
7757:
7392:
7045:
6387:
4919:
4890:
4852:
4208:
3821:
3672:
3397:
3204:
2731:
2559:
2521:
4419:
4875:
3880:
1137:
822:
7118:
2435:
1525:
1356:
406:
4402:
8038:
7958:
7682:
7241:
6895:
6247:
4796:
1094:
779:
4375:
1888:
1341:
436:
6331:
3242:
5059:
7650:
6705:
6676:
6428:
5999:
5888:
5818:
5484:
7030:
2420:
1510:
901:
860:
525:
5018:
4337:
4986:
7993:
4699:
4936:
3481:
1811:
1472:
709:
5551:
6992:
7307:
5153:
1926:
1773:
1223:
1041:
7071:
6054:
6775:
3572:
1603:
3119:
391:
11861:
5835:
4743:
4193:
3806:
3774:
3736:
299:
13105:
2230:
6948:
1843:
1677:
1643:
1425:
666:
1732:
5452:
6270:
8094:
C. The citation for each award is quoted (not always in full) from nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel
Foundation. The links in this column are to articles (or sections of articles) on the history and areas of chemistry for which the awards were presented. The links are intended only as
132:
There have been eight years for which the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry was not awarded (1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940–42). There were also nine years for which the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was delayed for one year. The Prize was not awarded in 1914, as the Nobel Committee for Chemistry decided that
8078:
A. The form and spelling of the names in the name column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel
Foundation. Alternative spellings and name forms, where they exist, are given at the articles linked from this column. Where available, an image of each Nobel laureate is
10992:
As of 26 October 2008, the nobelprize.org website page for the 2008 award gives
Shimomura's country as "USA". However, the press release from the Nobel Foundation on 8 October 2008, announcing the award, states that Shimomura is a Japanese citizen.
13474:
13525:
13449:
13469:
13454:
8086:
B. The information in the country column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel
Foundation. This information may not necessarily reflect the recipient's birthplace or citizenship.
11239:
5630:
11342:
13740:
129:(chemistry in 1954, peace in 1962). As of 2023, the prize has been awarded to 192 individuals, including eight women (Maria Skłodowska-Curie being the first to be awarded in 1911).
11362:
172:
In 2020, Ioannidis et al. reported that half of the Nobel Prizes for science awarded between 1995 and 2017 were clustered in just a few disciplines within their broader fields.
13628:
13555:
13494:
11187:
13152:
86:, of the Netherlands. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, van 't Hoff received 150,782
13618:
13578:
13543:
11235:
13538:
5216:"for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based,
121:, who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2001 and 2022, are the others. Two others have won Nobel Prizes twice, one in chemistry and one in another subject:
13124:
4836:
11291:
6039:
4105:
11129:
11103:
8221:
13530:
13258:
11628:
13613:
13520:
13441:
13172:
11339:
11077:
11051:
11025:
10999:
10971:
10945:
10919:
10893:
10867:
10838:
10809:
10780:
10754:
10728:
10699:
10670:
10644:
10618:
10592:
10563:
10537:
10511:
10485:
10459:
10433:
10407:
10381:
10355:
10329:
10303:
10277:
10251:
10222:
10196:
10170:
10144:
10118:
10089:
10063:
10037:
10008:
9982:
9956:
9930:
9904:
9878:
9852:
9826:
9800:
9774:
9748:
9722:
9696:
9670:
9644:
9618:
9592:
9566:
9540:
9514:
9488:
9462:
9436:
9410:
9384:
9358:
9329:
9303:
9274:
9248:
9222:
9196:
9170:
9144:
9118:
9092:
9066:
9040:
9014:
8988:
8962:
8936:
8910:
8881:
8855:
8829:
8803:
8777:
8751:
8725:
8699:
8673:
8647:
8621:
8534:
8505:
8476:
8447:
8418:
8389:
8360:
8331:
8302:
8095:
a guide and explanation. For a full account of the work done by each Nobel laureate, please see the biography articles linked from the name column.
13623:
13550:
13305:
13420:
11317:
11155:
11265:
13355:
13290:
13275:
13253:
11460:
11382:
3761:"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the
13405:
11520:
3285:
13606:
13504:
13295:
11546:
1162:"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of
11596:
13694:
13682:
13340:
13330:
11490:
11434:
11408:
11359:
8273:
8243:
5085:
13464:
13074:
11213:
3991:
109:(1939), were not allowed by their government to accept the prize. They would later receive a medal and diploma, but not the money.
192:
was the chief prize-winning discipline in its domain. Molecular chemists won 5.3% of all science Nobel Prizes during this period.
13499:
11177:
5968:"for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules for their development of
11236:"Erviu Exclusiv Digi24. Stefan Hell, laureat al premiului Nobel: Educaţia primită în România m-a ajutat mult. Mi-a ușurat viața"
6040:
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution
13217:
13028:
11621:
8079:
provided. For the official pictures provided by the Nobel
Foundation, see the pages for each Nobel laureate at nobelprize.org.
6038:"for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules for his development of
3326:
13769:
13735:
13157:
13094:
4657:
75:
7523:
13227:
5928:
13459:
13162:
3906:
968:
13425:
13390:
13240:
13167:
2165:
13774:
13667:
13415:
13335:
13300:
13202:
12132:
11614:
8190:
2689:
2384:
43:
13400:
8138:
13370:
13365:
13360:
13345:
13315:
13285:
13270:
13248:
13192:
11657:
8168:
8116:
8022:
7930:
3727:, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation"
1122:
304:
83:
697:
and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction"
82:
and awarded by the Royal
Swedish Academy of Sciences. The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to
13730:
13672:
13350:
13325:
13320:
13280:
13222:
13212:
13207:
12268:
4863:
4490:
3425:
11287:
13662:
13380:
13375:
13265:
13197:
12906:
12838:
8217:
7423:
6900:
4531:
3630:
927:
13596:
13583:
3519:
13677:
11178:"3 Jewish professors -- two of them Israeli -- share 2013 Nobel Prize in chemistry | The Times of Israel"
11125:
11099:
11073:
11047:
11021:
10995:
10967:
10941:
10915:
10889:
10863:
10834:
10805:
10776:
10750:
10724:
10695:
10666:
10640:
10614:
10588:
10559:
10533:
10507:
10481:
10455:
10429:
10403:
10377:
10351:
10325:
10299:
10273:
10247:
10218:
10192:
10166:
10140:
10114:
10085:
10059:
10033:
10004:
9978:
9952:
9926:
9900:
9874:
9848:
9822:
9796:
9770:
9744:
9718:
9692:
9666:
9640:
9614:
9588:
9562:
9536:
9510:
9484:
9458:
9432:
9406:
9380:
9354:
9325:
9299:
9270:
9244:
9218:
9192:
9166:
9140:
9114:
9088:
9062:
9036:
9010:
8984:
8958:
8932:
8906:
8877:
8851:
8825:
8799:
8773:
8747:
8721:
8695:
8669:
8643:
8617:
8530:
8501:
8472:
8443:
8414:
8385:
8356:
8327:
8298:
7018:
4363:
2783:
113:
is one out of three laureates to be awarded the Nobel Prize twice in the same subject, in 1958 and 1980.
4780:
4131:"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the
4091:
3682:"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly
13021:
11956:
6801:
5178:"for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry for his invention of the
4646:
4177:
3215:
1778:
1707:
11541:
6091:
13710:
13687:
13079:
12069:
11765:
7493:
7263:
6439:
5618:
5217:
5179:
3366:"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the
1799:
947:
134:
67:
11584:
11313:
11261:
11151:
6412:
13069:
13048:
12674:
12164:
12061:
11641:
7365:
6517:
6450:
6357:
5861:
5840:
5709:
4769:
4445:
4289:
3832:
3560:
3367:
2845:
2672:
2532:
2352:
810:, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element"
421:
31:
11572:
11456:
11378:
4615:
736:" his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of
13131:
13113:
12563:
12455:
12045:
11849:
11749:
7856:
6721:
6689:
6660:
6649:
5972:
5196:
5044:
4642:
4510:
2235:
1873:
1631:
1291:
982:
865:
137:
in 1915 and counted as the 1914 prize. This precedent was followed for the 1918 prize awarded to
6479:
5629:
5231:
13089:
12946:
12934:
12922:
11905:
7709:
7672:
7634:
7599:
6695:
6118:
5591:
2491:
1515:
63:
11773:
11536:
2186:
988:
13014:
12316:
12248:
11885:
11826:
11593:
8057:
7582:
5969:
5901:
4572:
4304:
4250:"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to
4009:
3703:
3305:
2742:
2602:
2449:
and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the
2255:"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his
2087:
1387:
1255:
1183:
154:
23:
12192:
11960:
11606:
11482:
11430:
11404:
3697:
3001:
1816:
12978:
12682:
12475:
12324:
12300:
12057:
12000:
8571:
8269:
8247:
7903:
7786:
7417:
6561:
6511:
5907:
5058:
4621:
3905:"for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of
3779:
3609:
2314:
2072:
555:
349:
118:
11516:
7338:
3522:
bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes"
101:, more than any other field of chemistry. Two Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry, Germans
62:, who died in 1896. These prizes are awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry,
8:
12882:
12619:
12587:
12499:
12463:
12156:
11182:
7694:
7231:
6883:
5948:
5656:
5556:
5357:
4810:
4551:
3683:
2803:
2335:
189:
11209:
8575:
4985:
4262:
12930:
12858:
12782:
12738:
12710:
12571:
12507:
12336:
12332:
12256:
12140:
8594:
8557:
7561:
7476:
7376:
7076:
6304:
6132:
6117:"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes for structural and mechanistic
6097:
6012:
5750:
5237:
4842:
3853:
3811:
3346:
2866:
2721:
2172:
2105:
737:
651:
55:
13720:
7487:
6269:
3970:
2066:
650:"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of
505:" the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on
97:
At least 25 laureates have received the Nobel Prize for contributions in the field of
13084:
13053:
12750:
12718:
12551:
12535:
12391:
12176:
11925:
11713:
8599:
7252:
6844:
6336:
6258:
6138:
5942:
5761:
5105:
5023:
4173:
4111:
4090:"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of
3836:
2915:
2494:, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures"
2297:
1703:
1648:
1208:
886:
618:
510:
325:
150:
98:
71:
6398:
6170:
6159:
5872:
5310:"for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and
4874:
3381:
2683:
13725:
13652:
12974:
12970:
12898:
12822:
12786:
12734:
12655:
12543:
12419:
12399:
12375:
12308:
12184:
12168:
12120:
12029:
11877:
11689:
11673:
8589:
8579:
7873:
7830:
7344:
6780:
6567:
6275:
5808:
5064:
4310:
4152:
4029:
3650:
3408:
2960:
2883:
2619:
2149:
1979:
1869:
1346:
848:
483:
396:
329:
177:
162:
110:
79:
35:
12698:
6018:
3411:, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy"
2645:
2378:
13657:
12958:
12950:
12886:
12870:
12806:
12798:
12766:
12651:
12603:
12579:
12495:
12356:
12240:
12085:
12053:
11996:
11933:
11818:
11745:
11721:
11600:
11588:
11576:
11366:
11346:
8584:
7852:
7769:
7715:
7269:
7158:
6666:
6628:
6418:
6199:
5767:
5577:
5457:
5421:
5328:
5311:
5290:
4786:
4251:
4181:
3976:
3959:
3419:
3264:
3036:
2838:
2470:
2446:
2276:
2215:
2032:
1682:
1664:
1624:
1577:
1543:
1446:
1403:
1367:
1307:
1142:
1115:
827:
671:
146:
106:
22:
The Nobel Prize in
Chemistry was established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist
12678:
5878:
4146:
3847:
1207:, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the
12986:
12918:
12914:
12834:
12774:
12770:
12647:
12615:
12515:
12491:
12431:
12415:
12383:
12352:
12320:
12116:
11976:
11810:
11705:
11681:
7936:
7801:
7698:
7614:
7555:
7544:
7455:
7438:
7285:
7135:
6927:
6850:
6544:
6485:
6456:
5729:
5650:
5542:
5527:
5521:
5443:
4909:
4748:
4439:
4380:
4325:
4293:
4268:
4126:
4070:
3953:
3926:
3868:
3741:
3644:
3603:
3554:
3469:
3440:
3340:
3279:
3177:
3139:
3016:
2975:
2930:
2860:
2823:"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the
2786:
and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances"
2704:
2666:
2581:
2399:
1914:
1908:
1893:
1492:
1204:
1198:
1157:
1099:
784:
771:
633:
575:
457:
442:
173:
142:
133:
none of that year's nominations met the necessary criteria, but was awarded to
90:, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. The award is presented in
5099:
3533:
2981:
569:
13763:
12994:
12990:
12962:
12938:
12902:
12866:
12842:
12826:
12814:
12722:
12694:
12611:
12523:
12427:
12272:
12264:
12208:
12200:
12148:
12128:
12077:
11901:
11893:
11757:
11697:
8028:
8013:
7998:
7951:
7918:
7845:
7813:
7747:
7730:
7640:
7626:
7576:
7514:
7508:
7470:
7409:
7382:
7368:
for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution"
7298:
7202:
7173:
7108:
7091:
7012:
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6865:
6833:
6818:
6795:
6754:
6727:
6643:
6582:
6532:
6500:
6471:
6351:
6319:
6290:
6220:
6176:
6112:
6079:"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes for the discovery of
6074:
5989:
5963:
5922:
5855:
5782:
5744:
5691:
5612:
5504:
5489:
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5372:
5252:
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5138:
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4678:
4636:
4604:
4566:
4545:
4525:
4484:
4395:
4342:
4283:
4245:
4167:
4044:
3900:
3831:"for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the
3794:
3756:
3718:
3501:
3454:
3387:
3361:
3320:
3098:
3083:
3063:
3057:
3042:
2824:
2818:
2777:
2762:
2651:
2634:
2596:
2485:
2425:
2367:
2329:
2291:
1752:
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1477:
1430:
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1069:
1062:
1004:
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365:
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126:
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12639:
12583:
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12467:
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12288:
12280:
12232:
12228:
12220:
11988:
11913:
11729:
11665:
8603:
7981:
7867:
7593:
6760:
6377:
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5510:
4924:
4895:
4880:
4857:
4704:
4589:
4213:
4198:
4132:
3826:
3762:
3724:
3677:
3539:
3486:
3402:
3232:
3209:
3194:
3162:
3104:
3022:
2898:
2736:
2564:
2526:
2346:
2208:
2048:
2001:
1985:
1956:
1561:
807:
751:
714:
185:
181:
158:
114:
102:
59:
8558:"Work honored by Nobel prizes clusters heavily in a few scientific fields"
8194:
7741:
5451:
5322:
2995:
2505:
2270:
1285:
477:
199:
13037:
12890:
12874:
12854:
12850:
12627:
12599:
12595:
12559:
12527:
12479:
12447:
11980:
11968:
11948:
11834:
11795:
11737:
7666:
7529:
7359:
7327:
7312:
7187:
7035:
6997:
6033:
5794:
5723:
5597:
5428:
5389:
5305:
5284:
5270:
5158:
5079:
4991:
4903:
4663:
4469:
4003:
2877:
2099:
2055:
1946:
1931:
1863:
1848:
1737:
1588:
1228:
1163:
1046:
1011:
921:
757:
645:
463:
417:
319:
138:
122:
51:
8142:
5190:
4366:, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions"
4023:
3299:
3258:
2464:
1177:
94:
at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
12790:
12726:
12706:
12631:
12439:
12344:
12292:
12216:
12097:
12093:
11921:
7152:
7141:
6596:
6205:
6059:
5635:
4424:
4064:
3885:
3577:
3124:
2936:
2909:
2575:
2549:
2511:
2308:
2256:
2026:
2008:
1964:
1952:
1608:
1555:
803:
506:
376:
372:
18:
8164:
8112:
7449:
7225:
6622:
6590:
5708:"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using
5670:
5351:
3920:
3448:
3077:
2797:
12411:
12037:
10800:
10798:
8556:
Ioannidis, John; Cristea, Ioana-Alina; Boyack, Kevin (29 July 2020).
7897:
7102:
6516:
6371:
6080:
5983:
5410:
4935:
4583:
4449:
4230:
3941:
3624:
3226:
3188:
3156:
3145:
2940:
2756:
2715:
2613:
2405:
2192:
1960:
1758:
1410:
166:
91:
47:
9349:
9347:
4224:
3066:
in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science"
2954:
303:
8562:
8218:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry"
7671:
7598:
7181:
6550:
6298:
5802:
4974:
4504:
4463:
2543:
2450:
2143:
1514:
1381:
551:
117:, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 and 1972, and
10795:
7829:
4418:
3879:
1136:
889:
organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals"
821:
9344:
7975:
7902:
7888:
7762:
7397:
7062:
7050:
6894:
6877:
6392:
6330:
5571:
5264:
4862:"for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a
4731:
4374:
4085:
4050:
2250:
2109:
2012:
1887:
1457:
1340:
1326:
1320:
1243:
1093:
435:
8215:
7872:
7230:
7029:
5483:
5356:
5084:"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of
5017:
4336:
2802:
2419:
1509:
987:
900:
859:
524:
78:. As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the
13006:
8043:
7992:
7963:
7687:
7246:
7214:
7123:
6980:
6939:
6742:
6611:
6252:
6191:
6153:
6096:
5906:
5550:
5343:
5211:
5132:
4956:
4841:
4801:
4719:
4698:
4690:
4407:
3852:
3702:
3665:
3592:
3513:
3480:
3218:
in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers"
3000:
2720:
2440:
1831:
1815:
1810:
1793:
1584:
1530:
1498:
1471:
1453:
1361:
880:
842:
797:
708:
598:
597:"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free
545:
466:, and his determination of their place in the periodic system"
411:
13104:
7422:
7306:
6991:
6137:
5975:
for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"
5152:
5104:
5022:
4620:
4509:
3629:"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the
3559:"for their contributions to the development of the concept of
2843:
1925:
1772:
1647:
1290:
1222:
1040:
946:
617:
11636:
7655:
7343:
7070:
6779:
6774:
6710:
6681:
6433:
6053:
6004:
5893:
5823:
5807:
5703:
5086:
high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
5063:
4809:
4550:
4357:
4309:
4028:
3649:
3571:
3247:
3118:
2959:
2882:
2234:
2148:
1602:
1386:
1345:
482:
395:
390:
13751:
Nobel
Memorial Prize (not one of the original Nobel Prizes).
7785:
7714:
7560:
7268:
7075:
6665:
6417:
6303:
5839:
5766:
5456:
5327:
4785:
3975:
3345:
3304:
3263:
2469:
2383:
2351:
2071:
2031:
1777:
1681:
1141:
826:
670:
348:
298:
7528:
7454:
6947:
6899:
6849:
6455:
6335:
5834:
4908:
4742:
4379:
4267:
4192:
4110:
4069:
3925:
3805:
3773:
3740:
3735:
3424:
2914:
2580:
2229:
1892:
1842:
1676:
1497:"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and
1098:
574:
440:
7746:
7639:
7381:
7107:
6952:
6817:
6726:
6566:
6274:
6175:
6017:
5988:
5513:
underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)"
5195:
4940:
4341:
4151:
3810:
3778:
3453:
3386:
3082:
3041:
2761:
2688:
2650:
2618:
2424:
2313:
1642:
1630:" their contributions to the invention and development of
1476:
1429:
1424:
1203:"for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of
1182:
905:
864:
665:
529:
11581:
11570:
Official website of the Royal
Swedish Academy of Sciences
7492:
7157:
6694:
6627:
6376:
6236:
5877:
5675:
5289:
4879:
4703:
4588:
4448:
and his structural elucidation of biologically important
4197:
3538:
3485:
3231:
3193:
3161:
2275:
1984:
1560:
713:
11569:
7311:
7186:
7034:
6996:
6484:
5728:
5596:
5576:"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme,
5526:
5426:
5388:
5236:
5157:
4990:
4747:
4468:
3608:
1930:
1847:
1736:
1227:
1045:
756:
6595:
6204:
6058:
5634:
5488:
4423:
3884:
3576:
3288:
of the structures of important biochemical substances"
3123:
2548:
2510:
1731:
1607:
8555:
8216:
Malmström, Bo G.; Bertil Andersson (3 December 2001).
5947:
5555:
5043:"for his development of the theory and methodology of
4229:
2191:
1325:"for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of
4662:
2492:
contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics
2121:
1868:" molecular structure through his investigations on
1023:
188:
dominated the two subjects outside chemistry, while
11594:(List of) Nobel Laureates and research affiliations
6399:
his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces
1409:"for his investigations of the constitution of the
6549:"for studies of the structure and function of the
4571:"for their outstanding achievements in developing
1010:"for his researches on plant pigments, especially
10996:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008–Press Release"
4768:"for their development and use of molecules with
13761:
8113:"Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize"
763:
13022:
11622:
11537:"Nobel Prize winners by category (chemistry)"
8262:
4575:for the determination of crystal structures"
1913:"for his investigations on carbohydrates and
1583:"for his researches into the constitution of
550:" investigation and isolation of the element
3409:studies of extremely fast chemical reactions
2531:"for their discovery and development of the
1874:diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases
1591:and especially for his synthesis of haemin"
1452:" his research into the constitution of the
13741:Prizes known as the "Nobel" of their fields
11118:
6356:"for his studies of the molecular basis of
4053:illuminating problems of chemical bonding"
2601:"for their discoveries in the chemistry of
13695:Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute
13029:
13015:
11629:
11615:
6438:"for the discovery and development of the
5862:chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions
3021:"for his discovery and development of the
13513:
13140:
10858:
10856:
10829:
10827:
8593:
8583:
5220:and its development for protein studies"
4647:dynamics of chemical elementary processes
2199:
2156:
2039:
1992:
1655:
1615:
1568:
1534:
1437:
1394:
1298:
1106:
1053:
995:
721:
678:
582:
490:
356:
125:(physics in 1903, chemistry in 1911) and
13568:
11582:Official website of the Nobel Foundation
10719:
10717:
10690:
10688:
10583:
10581:
10242:
10240:
10109:
10107:
10028:
10026:
9294:
9292:
8901:
8899:
8525:
8523:
8496:
8494:
8467:
8465:
8438:
8436:
8409:
8407:
8380:
8378:
8351:
8349:
5749:"for their discovery and development of
4530:"for his development of methodology for
3144:"for their studies of the structures of
2825:first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone
2171:"for his work on the use of isotopes as
1719:
1516:Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin
1273:
1081:
971:of a large number of chemical elements"
17:
8322:
8320:
8293:
8291:
8270:"Facts on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry"
4182:important reagents in organic synthesis
2406:plant products of biological importance
1329:solutions and for the methods he used"
165:in 1944, and the 1944 prize awarded to
46:to scientists in the various fields of
13762:
11549:from the original on 20 September 2011
10870:from the original on 29 September 2008
10853:
10824:
10783:from the original on 20 September 2008
10488:from the original on 28 September 2008
9933:from the original on 30 September 2008
9777:from the original on 24 September 2008
9251:from the original on 14 September 2008
7019:super-resolved fluorescence microscopy
5929:chirally catalysed oxidation reactions
2334:"for their preparation of enzymes and
13736:World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates
13010:
11610:
10812:from the original on 19 December 2008
10714:
10685:
10578:
10462:from the original on 25 December 2008
10436:from the original on 25 December 2008
10384:from the original on 25 December 2008
10358:from the original on 25 December 2008
10306:from the original on 25 December 2008
10280:from the original on 21 December 2008
10237:
10225:from the original on 25 December 2008
10199:from the original on 12 December 2008
10147:from the original on 25 December 2008
10121:from the original on 25 December 2008
10104:
10023:
9985:from the original on 25 December 2008
9907:from the original on 25 December 2008
9855:from the original on 25 December 2008
9751:from the original on 25 December 2008
9725:from the original on 25 December 2008
9647:from the original on 25 December 2008
9621:from the original on 25 December 2008
9595:from the original on 25 December 2008
9543:from the original on 25 December 2008
9517:from the original on 25 December 2008
9439:from the original on 25 December 2008
9413:from the original on 25 December 2008
9361:from the original on 11 December 2008
9289:
9277:from the original on 22 December 2008
9069:from the original on 5 September 2008
9043:from the original on 25 December 2008
8965:from the original on 25 December 2008
8939:from the original on 25 December 2008
8913:from the original on 25 December 2008
8896:
8858:from the original on 25 December 2008
8832:from the original on 25 December 2008
8780:from the original on 25 December 2008
8754:from the original on 11 December 2008
8728:from the original on 12 December 2008
8537:from the original on 25 December 2008
8520:
8508:from the original on 20 December 2008
8491:
8479:from the original on 19 December 2008
8462:
8450:from the original on 25 December 2008
8433:
8404:
8375:
8346:
8334:from the original on 25 December 2008
8209:
5139:theory of electron transfer reactions
4172:"for their development of the use of
4049:"for his studies on the structure of
3105:carbon dioxide assimilation in plants
3062:"for his method to use carbon-14 for
2741:"for his discoveries in the field of
1800:synthesis of new radioactive elements
967:" his accurate determinations of the
11385:from the original on 8 December 2019
11132:from the original on 13 October 2012
11054:from the original on 10 October 2009
10998:. Nobel Foundation. 8 October 2008.
10974:from the original on 16 October 2008
10948:from the original on 17 October 2008
10922:from the original on 21 October 2008
10896:from the original on 19 October 2008
10841:from the original on 2 November 2008
10731:from the original on 26 October 2008
10702:from the original on 21 October 2008
10673:from the original on 11 October 2007
10595:from the original on 21 October 2008
10514:from the original on 28 October 2008
10410:from the original on 21 October 2008
10332:from the original on 13 October 2008
10254:from the original on 26 October 2008
10173:from the original on 24 October 2008
10066:from the original on 24 October 2008
10040:from the original on 11 October 2008
10011:from the original on 19 October 2010
9959:from the original on 13 October 2008
9881:from the original on 24 October 2008
9829:from the original on 15 October 2008
9803:from the original on 13 October 2008
9699:from the original on 24 October 2008
9673:from the original on 26 October 2008
9569:from the original on 9 December 2008
9491:from the original on 4 November 2008
9465:from the original on 9 December 2008
9387:from the original on 4 December 2008
9306:from the original on 14 October 2008
9199:from the original on 1 December 2008
9147:from the original on 10 October 2008
9121:from the original on 1 December 2008
9095:from the original on 1 December 2008
8991:from the original on 27 October 2008
8884:from the original on 19 October 2008
8806:from the original on 24 October 2008
8702:from the original on 24 October 2008
8676:from the original on 5 November 2008
8650:from the original on 24 October 2008
8624:from the original on 24 October 2008
8421:from the original on 15 October 2008
8392:from the original on 27 October 2008
8363:from the original on 9 December 2008
8317:
8305:from the original on 15 October 2008
8288:
8171:from the original on 15 October 2008
8119:from the original on 25 October 2007
7980:"for the discovery and synthesis of
4532:chemical synthesis on a solid matrix
4446:crystallographic electron microscopy
4012:of organic molecules and reactions"
2175:in the study of chemical processes"
1260:"for his invention of the method of
11493:from the original on 5 October 2023
11483:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023"
11463:from the original on 5 October 2022
11457:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022"
11437:from the original on 6 October 2021
11431:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021"
11411:from the original on 7 October 2020
11405:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020"
11379:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019"
11314:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017"
11294:from the original on 5 October 2016
11288:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016"
11262:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015"
11158:from the original on 31 August 2017
11152:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013"
11126:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012"
11106:from the original on 7 October 2011
11100:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011"
11080:from the original on 9 October 2010
11074:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010"
11048:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009"
11028:from the original on 9 October 2008
11022:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008"
11002:from the original on 9 October 2008
10968:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007"
10942:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006"
10916:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005"
10890:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004"
10864:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003"
10835:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002"
10806:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001"
10777:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000"
10757:from the original on 8 October 2008
10751:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999"
10725:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998"
10696:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997"
10667:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996"
10647:from the original on 5 October 2008
10641:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995"
10621:from the original on 13 August 2008
10615:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994"
10589:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993"
10560:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992"
10540:from the original on 17 August 2008
10534:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991"
10508:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990"
10482:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989"
10456:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988"
10430:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987"
10404:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986"
10378:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985"
10352:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984"
10326:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983"
10300:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982"
10274:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981"
10248:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980"
10219:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979"
10193:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978"
10167:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977"
10141:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976"
10115:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975"
10086:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974"
10060:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973"
10034:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972"
10005:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971"
9979:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970"
9953:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969"
9927:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968"
9901:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967"
9875:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966"
9849:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965"
9823:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964"
9797:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963"
9771:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962"
9745:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961"
9719:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960"
9693:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959"
9667:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958"
9641:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957"
9615:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956"
9589:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955"
9563:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954"
9537:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953"
9511:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952"
9485:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951"
9459:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950"
9433:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949"
9407:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948"
9381:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947"
9355:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946"
9332:from the original on 6 October 2008
9326:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945"
9300:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939"
9271:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937"
9245:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936"
9225:from the original on 7 October 2008
9219:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935"
9193:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934"
9167:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932"
9141:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931"
9115:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930"
9089:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929"
9063:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928"
9037:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926"
9017:from the original on 30 August 2008
9011:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923"
8985:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922"
8959:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915"
8933:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913"
8907:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912"
8878:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911"
8852:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910"
8826:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909"
8800:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908"
8774:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907"
8748:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906"
8722:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905"
8696:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904"
8670:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903"
8644:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902"
8618:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901"
8531:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944"
8502:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943"
8473:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938"
8444:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927"
8415:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925"
8386:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921"
8357:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920"
8328:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918"
8299:"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914"
7819:
7768:"for the development of asymmetric
7736:
7661:
7550:
7444:
7333:
7220:
7097:
6986:
6839:
6769:
6617:
6506:
6407:
6226:
6127:
6048:
5937:
5829:
5718:
5586:
5478:
5378:
5279:
5147:
4930:
4831:
4737:
4610:
4540:
4489:"for his work on the mechanisms of
4331:
4219:
4141:
3915:
3800:
3692:
3528:
3376:
3183:
3113:
2833:
2640:
2570:
2500:
2265:
2021:
1882:
1767:
1597:
1466:
930:especially in inorganic chemistry"
816:
161:in 1939, the 1943 prize awarded to
157:in 1928, the 1938 prize awarded to
153:in 1926, the 1927 prize awarded to
149:in 1922, the 1925 prize awarded to
145:in 1921, the 1921 prize awarded to
141:in 1919, the 1920 prize awarded to
13:
13475:Washington University in St. Louis
11517:"All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry"
11210:"Microscope work wins Nobel Prize"
10092:from the original on 3 August 2008
9173:from the original on 3 August 2008
8246:. Nobel Foundation. Archived from
8193:. Nobel Foundation. Archived from
8191:"The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies"
8141:. Nobel Foundation. Archived from
3563:and its application in chemistry"
3286:determinations by X-ray techniques
14:
13786:
11563:
11360:The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018
11320:from the original on 6 April 2018
11268:from the original on 15 June 2017
11242:from the original on 7 March 2016
11216:from the original on 19 July 2018
11190:from the original on 13 July 2017
10566:from the original on 18 July 2011
8276:from the original on 8 March 2017
8224:from the original on 16 July 2008
7251:"for the design and synthesis of
4493:, especially in metal complexes"
3329:in the art of organic synthesis"
2690:Richard Laurence Millington Synge
44:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
13103:
13036:
11859:
11523:from the original on 3 June 2016
11475:
11449:
11423:
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2627:
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2589:
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2542:
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2504:
2478:
2463:
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2392:
2377:
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2345:
2322:
2307:
2284:
2269:
2243:
2228:
2201:
2185:
2158:
2142:
2092:
2080:
2065:
2041:
2033:Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt
2025:
1994:
1978:
1939:
1924:
1901:
1886:
1856:
1841:
1824:
1809:
1786:
1771:
1745:
1730:
1690:
1675:
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1641:
1617:
1601:
1570:
1554:
1536:
1523:
1508:
1485:
1470:
1439:
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1396:
1380:
1354:
1339:
1313:
1300:
1284:
1248:
1236:
1221:
1191:
1176:
1150:
1135:
1108:
1092:
1055:
1039:
997:
981:
955:
940:
914:
899:
873:
858:
835:
820:
802:" the discovery of the elements
790:
777:
765:
750:
723:
707:
680:
664:
638:
626:
611:
584:
568:
538:
523:
492:
476:
450:
434:
404:
389:
358:
342:
312:
297:
10743:
10659:
10633:
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9945:
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9893:
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9815:
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9763:
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9633:
9607:
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9555:
9529:
9503:
9477:
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9425:
9399:
9373:
9318:
9263:
9237:
9211:
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9159:
9133:
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9081:
9055:
9029:
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8977:
8951:
8925:
8870:
8844:
8818:
8792:
8766:
8740:
8714:
8688:
8662:
8636:
8610:
8549:
6162:-mediated protein degradation"
4770:structure-specific interactions
4294:determination of base sequences
4178:phosphorus-containing compounds
3962:of enzyme-catalyzed reactions"
2867:mechanism of chemical reactions
2865:"for their researches into the
2784:the nature of the chemical bond
13731:Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings
13495:Catholic priests and religious
8236:
8183:
8157:
8131:
8105:
8090:
8082:
8074:
6886:for complex chemical systems"
5509:"for their elucidation of the
5137:"for his contributions to the
4864:photosynthetic reaction centre
4450:nucleic acid-protein complexes
3426:Ronald George Wreyford Norrish
2984:, especially that of insulin"
1632:chemical high pressure methods
1456:and their connection with the
1:
13125:Heads of state and government
8063:
6261:method in organic synthesis"
3631:biosynthesis of carbohydrates
928:linkage of atoms in molecules
464:inert gaseous elements in air
42:) is awarded annually by the
13770:Nobel laureates in Chemistry
8585:10.1371/journal.pone.0234612
8099:
7517:of peptides and antibodies"
7140:"for mechanistic studies of
6257:"for the development of the
5617:"for his development of the
2426:Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
2408:, especially the alkaloids"
1368:his work on disperse systems
305:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
195:
84:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
7:
13450:City University of New York
11349:. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
8051:
6802:G-protein-coupled receptors
4975:catalytic properties of RNA
4491:electron transfer reactions
4008:"for his research into the
2884:Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
2404:"for his investigations on
1951:"for his investigations on
1431:Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus
847:"for the discovery of the
758:Marie Curie, née Skłodowska
324:" discovery of the laws of
10:
13791:
11508:
8139:"The Nobel Prize Awarders"
3518:"for the discovery of the
2257:fodder preservation method
2214:"for his discovery of the
989:Richard Martin Willstätter
13749:
13703:
13688:Norwegian Nobel Committee
13645:
13594:
13584:PRIO Director's Shortlist
13487:
13440:
13236:
13181:
13112:
13101:
13062:
13044:
12665:
12366:
12107:
11868:
11857:
11648:
7986:
7979:
7925:
7861:
7850:
7774:
7767:
7703:
7692:
7587:
7580:
7512:
7481:
7370:
7363:
7257:
7250:
7146:
7139:
7023:
7016:
6888:
6881:
6806:
6799:
6654:
6648:"for palladium-catalyzed
6647:
6555:
6548:
6444:
6440:green fluorescent protein
6437:
6263:
6256:
6164:
6157:
5977:
5967:
5866:
5859:
5755:
5748:
5619:density-functional theory
5515:
5508:
5415:
5408:
5316:
5309:
5269:"for his contribution to
5218:site-directed mutagenesis
5180:polymerase chain reaction
4979:
4972:
4868:
4861:
4774:
4767:
4651:
4640:
4577:
4570:
4368:
4361:
4298:
4287:
4186:
4171:
3841:
3830:
3767:
3760:
3565:
3558:
3413:
3406:
3220:
3213:
3150:
3143:
3103:"for his research on the
2982:the structure of proteins
2871:
2864:
2677:
2670:
2652:Archer John Porter Martin
2607:
2600:
2537:
2530:
2340:
2333:
1919:
1804:
1797:
1636:
1629:
1503:
1496:
948:Theodore William Richards
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
135:Theodore William Richards
13775:Lists of Nobel laureates
13049:Lists of Nobel laureates
12783:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
12062:Wendell Meredith Stanley
11642:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
11575:21 November 2017 at the
8068:
7851:"for the development of
7693:"for the development of
7581:"for the development of
7366:cryo-electron microscopy
7017:"for the development of
6882:"for the development of
6518:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
6358:eukaryotic transcription
5710:femtosecond spectroscopy
5655:"for his development of
5409:"for their discovery of
4973:"for their discovery of
4444:"for his development of
3368:molecular orbital method
3327:outstanding achievements
3265:Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
2916:Lord (Alexander R.) Todd
2846:Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
2743:macromolecular chemistry
2673:partition chromatography
2671:"for their invention of
2353:Wendell Meredith Stanley
2296:"for his discovery that
1413:and related substances"
54:established by the 1895
50:. It is one of the five
32:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
11542:Encyclopædia Britannica
11338:Frank, Joachim (2017),
11212:. BBC. 8 October 2014.
8244:"Nobel Laureates Facts"
7857:bioorthogonal chemistry
6716:
6366:
6325:
6119:studies of ion channels
5665:
5226:
5094:
5053:
5012:
4511:Robert Bruce Merrifield
4499:
4458:
4413:
4100:
4059:
4018:
3874:
3639:
3598:
3475:
3335:
3294:
3253:
3072:
3031:
2990:
2949:
2904:
2792:
2782:"for his research into
2751:
2710:
2582:Edwin Mattison McMillan
2512:Otto Paul Hermann Diels
2471:William Francis Giauque
2459:
2414:
2373:
2277:James Batcheller Sumner
2236:Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
2224:
2181:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2118:
1974:
1837:
1726:
1716:
1671:
1550:
1419:
1376:
1335:
1292:Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
1280:
1270:
1264:of organic substances"
1217:
1172:
1131:
1088:
1078:
1035:
1030:
1020:
977:
936:
895:
746:
703:
660:
607:
564:
519:
511:hydroaromatic compounds
472:
430:
397:Svante August Arrhenius
385:
338:
293:
13683:Physiology or Medicine
13629:Physiology or Medicine
13556:Physiology or Medicine
13173:Physiology or Medicine
13095:Physiology or Medicine
12947:Emmanuelle Charpentier
12935:M. Stanley Whittingham
11906:Hans von Euler-Chelpin
11365:3 October 2018 at the
11345:9 October 2017 at the
7673:Emmanuelle Charpentier
7600:M. Stanley Whittingham
6759:"for the discovery of
6652:in organic synthesis"
6158:"for the discovery of
5659:in quantum chemistry"
5358:Frank Sherwood Rowland
5312:decomposition of ozone
4092:dissipative structures
2620:Glenn Theodore Seaborg
1757:"for his discovery of
1710:in surface chemistry"
1347:The (Theodor) Svedberg
1100:Walther Hermann Nernst
652:radioactive substances
123:Maria Skłodowska-Curie
76:physiology or medicine
39:
27:
12317:Christian B. Anfinsen
11957:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
11599:10 April 2008 at the
8058:Timeline of chemistry
7583:lithium ion batteries
5657:computational methods
5141:in chemical systems"
4772:of high selectivity"
4180:, respectively, into
3958:"for his work on the
3927:John Warcup Cornforth
3704:Christian B. Anfinsen
3306:Robert Burns Woodward
3025:methods of analysis"
2603:transuranium elements
2445:"for his research on
2300:can be crystallized"
2088:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
1894:Walter Norman Haworth
1388:Heinrich Otto Wieland
1256:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
1184:Francis William Aston
155:Heinrich Otto Wieland
24:Alfred Bernhard Nobel
21:
13470:Princeton University
12979:Karl Barry Sharpless
12476:Dudley R. Herschbach
12301:Luis Federico Leloir
11587:5 April 2006 at the
11519:. Nobel Foundation.
11459:. Nobel Foundation.
11433:. Nobel Foundation.
11407:. Nobel Foundation.
11381:. Nobel Foundation.
11316:. Nobel Foundation.
11290:. Nobel Foundation.
11264:. Nobel Foundation.
11154:. Nobel Foundation.
11128:. Nobel Foundation.
11102:. Nobel Foundation.
11076:. Nobel Foundation.
11050:. Nobel Foundation.
11024:. Nobel Foundation.
10970:. Nobel Foundation.
10944:. Nobel Foundation.
10918:. Nobel Foundation.
10892:. Nobel Foundation.
10866:. Nobel Foundation.
10837:. Nobel Foundation.
10808:. Nobel Foundation.
10779:. Nobel Foundation.
10753:. Nobel Foundation.
10727:. Nobel Foundation.
10698:. Nobel Foundation.
10669:. Nobel Foundation.
10643:. Nobel Foundation.
10617:. Nobel Foundation.
10591:. Nobel Foundation.
10562:. Nobel Foundation.
10536:. Nobel Foundation.
10510:. Nobel Foundation.
10484:. Nobel Foundation.
10458:. Nobel Foundation.
10432:. Nobel Foundation.
10406:. Nobel Foundation.
10380:. Nobel Foundation.
10354:. Nobel Foundation.
10328:. Nobel Foundation.
10302:. Nobel Foundation.
10276:. Nobel Foundation.
10250:. Nobel Foundation.
10221:. Nobel Foundation.
10195:. Nobel Foundation.
10169:. Nobel Foundation.
10143:. Nobel Foundation.
10117:. Nobel Foundation.
10088:. Nobel Foundation.
10062:. Nobel Foundation.
10036:. Nobel Foundation.
10007:. Nobel Foundation.
9981:. Nobel Foundation.
9955:. Nobel Foundation.
9929:. Nobel Foundation.
9903:. Nobel Foundation.
9877:. Nobel Foundation.
9851:. Nobel Foundation.
9825:. Nobel Foundation.
9799:. Nobel Foundation.
9773:. Nobel Foundation.
9747:. Nobel Foundation.
9721:. Nobel Foundation.
9695:. Nobel Foundation.
9669:. Nobel Foundation.
9643:. Nobel Foundation.
9617:. Nobel Foundation.
9591:. Nobel Foundation.
9565:. Nobel Foundation.
9539:. Nobel Foundation.
9513:. Nobel Foundation.
9487:. Nobel Foundation.
9461:. Nobel Foundation.
9435:. Nobel Foundation.
9409:. Nobel Foundation.
9383:. Nobel Foundation.
9357:. Nobel Foundation.
9328:. Nobel Foundation.
9302:. Nobel Foundation.
9273:. Nobel Foundation.
9247:. Nobel Foundation.
9221:. Nobel Foundation.
9195:. Nobel Foundation.
9169:. Nobel Foundation.
9143:. Nobel Foundation.
9117:. Nobel Foundation.
9091:. Nobel Foundation.
9065:. Nobel Foundation.
9039:. Nobel Foundation.
9013:. Nobel Foundation.
8987:. Nobel Foundation.
8961:. Nobel Foundation.
8935:. Nobel Foundation.
8909:. Nobel Foundation.
8880:. Nobel Foundation.
8854:. Nobel Foundation.
8828:. Nobel Foundation.
8802:. Nobel Foundation.
8776:. Nobel Foundation.
8750:. Nobel Foundation.
8724:. Nobel Foundation.
8698:. Nobel Foundation.
8672:. Nobel Foundation.
8646:. Nobel Foundation.
8620:. Nobel Foundation.
8533:. Nobel Foundation.
8504:. Nobel Foundation.
8475:. Nobel Foundation.
8446:. Nobel Foundation.
8417:. Nobel Foundation.
8388:. Nobel Foundation.
8359:. Nobel Foundation.
8330:. Nobel Foundation.
8301:. Nobel Foundation.
8272:. Nobel Foundation.
8220:. Nobel Foundation.
8167:. Nobel Foundation.
8115:. Nobel Foundation.
7787:David W.C. MacMillan
4622:Dudley R. Herschbach
3520:reciprocal relations
3163:John Cowdery Kendrew
3125:Max Ferdinand Perutz
2315:John Howard Northrop
1499:fermentative enzymes
1070:synthesis of ammonia
350:Hermann Emil Fischer
119:Karl Barry Sharpless
13579:AFSC Nobel nominees
13455:Columbia University
12971:Carolyn R. Bertozzi
12883:Jean-Pierre Sauvage
12620:Jens Christian Skou
12588:F. Sherwood Rowland
12500:Charles J. Pedersen
12464:Herbert A. Hauptman
12157:Vincent du Vigneaud
11774:Richard Willstätter
11658:Jacobus van 't Hoff
11183:The Times of Israel
8576:2020PLoSO..1534612I
7232:Jean-Pierre Sauvage
5860:"for their work on
5751:conductive polymers
5511:enzymatic mechanism
4811:Charles J. Pedersen
4643:their contributions
4552:Herbert A. Hauptman
4290:their contributions
4133:chemiosmotic theory
4030:William N. Lipscomb
3043:Willard Frank Libby
2804:Vincent du Vigneaud
2385:Sir Robert Robinson
1738:Harold Clayton Urey
1072:from its elements"
885:"for his method of
738:alicyclic compounds
462:" discovery of the
418:electrolytic theory
190:molecular chemistry
13465:Harvard University
12931:John B. Goodenough
12859:William E. Moerner
12739:Richard R. Schrock
12711:Roderick MacKinnon
12683:K. Barry Sharpless
12508:Johann Deisenhofer
12337:Geoffrey Wilkinson
12333:Ernst Otto Fischer
12257:Robert S. Mulliken
12193:Jaroslav Heyrovský
12141:Hermann Staudinger
11961:Irène Joliot-Curie
8250:on 2 February 2007
8145:on 15 October 2008
7904:K. Barry Sharpless
7562:John B. Goodenough
7530:Sir Gregory Winter
7477:directed evolution
7253:molecular machines
7077:William E. Moerner
6305:Richard R. Schrock
6098:Roderick MacKinnon
5973:ionisation methods
5908:K. Barry Sharpless
5841:William S. Knowles
5768:Alan G. MacDiarmid
5458:Richard E. Smalley
5390:Robert F. Curl Jr.
4843:Johann Deisenhofer
4296:in nucleic acids"
3854:Geoffrey Wilkinson
3837:sandwich compounds
3812:Ernst Otto Fischer
3540:Derek H. R. Barton
3347:Robert S. Mulliken
3002:Jaroslav Heyrovský
2722:Hermann Staudinger
1817:Irène Joliot-Curie
926:" his work on the
558:called after him"
40:Nobelpriset i kemi
28:
13757:
13756:
13641:
13640:
13637:
13636:
13564:
13563:
13483:
13482:
13436:
13435:
13054:Nobel Prize medal
13004:
13003:
12987:Moungi G. Bawendi
12907:Richard Henderson
12751:Roger D. Kornberg
12719:Aaron Ciechanover
12552:Rudolph A. Marcus
12456:Robert Merrifield
12392:Peter D. Mitchell
12165:Cyril Hinshelwood
11926:Friedrich Bergius
11850:Richard Zsigmondy
11766:Theodore Richards
11714:Ernest Rutherford
11603:at NobelPrize.org
8197:on 22 August 2008
8165:"The Nobel Prize"
8049:
8048:
7937:Moungi G. Bawendi
7424:Richard Henderson
6884:multiscale models
6337:Roger D. Kornberg
6139:Aaron Ciechanover
5927:"for his work on
5106:Rudolph A. Marcus
5045:organic synthesis
5024:Elias James Corey
4691:Republic of China
4112:Peter D. Mitchell
3723:"for his work on
3216:their discoveries
3146:globular proteins
3064:age determination
2980:"for his work on
2935:"for his work on
2218:of heavy nuclei"
2104:"for his work on
2054:"for his work on
2007:"for his work on
1649:Friedrich Bergius
1209:whole-number rule
619:Ernest Rutherford
326:chemical dynamics
151:Richard Zsigmondy
99:organic chemistry
13782:
13726:Nobel Laboratory
13658:Nobel Committees
13653:Nobel Foundation
13592:
13591:
13566:
13565:
13511:
13510:
13234:
13233:
13138:
13137:
13107:
13031:
13024:
13017:
13008:
13007:
12997:
12995:Alexei I. Ekimov
12981:
12975:Morten P. Meldal
12965:
12953:
12941:
12925:
12909:
12899:Jacques Dubochet
12893:
12877:
12861:
12845:
12829:
12823:Robert Lefkowitz
12817:
12809:
12793:
12787:Thomas A. Steitz
12777:
12761:
12753:
12745:
12735:Robert H. Grubbs
12729:
12713:
12701:
12685:
12658:
12656:Hideki Shirakawa
12642:
12634:
12622:
12606:
12590:
12574:
12566:
12554:
12546:
12544:Richard R. Ernst
12538:
12530:
12518:
12502:
12486:
12470:
12458:
12450:
12442:
12434:
12422:
12420:Frederick Sanger
12406:
12400:Herbert C. Brown
12394:
12386:
12378:
12376:William Lipscomb
12359:
12347:
12339:
12327:
12311:
12309:Gerhard Herzberg
12303:
12295:
12283:
12275:
12259:
12251:
12243:
12235:
12223:
12211:
12203:
12195:
12187:
12185:Frederick Sanger
12179:
12171:
12169:Nikolay Semyonov
12159:
12151:
12143:
12135:
12123:
12121:Glenn T. Seaborg
12100:
12088:
12080:
12072:
12064:
12048:
12046:Artturi Virtanen
12040:
12032:
12030:George de Hevesy
12024:
12023:
12017:
12016:
12010:
12009:
12003:
11991:
11983:
11971:
11963:
11951:
11943:
11942:
11936:
11928:
11916:
11908:
11896:
11888:
11886:Heinrich Wieland
11880:
11878:Theodor Svedberg
11863:
11862:
11852:
11844:
11843:
11837:
11829:
11821:
11813:
11805:
11804:
11798:
11790:
11789:
11783:
11782:
11776:
11768:
11760:
11752:
11740:
11732:
11724:
11716:
11708:
11700:
11692:
11690:Adolf von Baeyer
11684:
11676:
11674:Svante Arrhenius
11668:
11660:
11631:
11624:
11617:
11608:
11607:
11558:
11556:
11554:
11532:
11530:
11528:
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11502:
11500:
11498:
11479:
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11470:
11468:
11453:
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11444:
11442:
11427:
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11420:
11418:
11416:
11401:
11395:
11394:
11392:
11390:
11375:
11369:
11356:
11350:
11340:Curriculum Vitae
11336:
11330:
11329:
11327:
11325:
11310:
11304:
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11301:
11299:
11284:
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8411:
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8401:
8399:
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8315:
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8310:
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8260:
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8213:
8207:
8206:
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8187:
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8161:
8155:
8154:
8152:
8150:
8135:
8129:
8128:
8126:
8124:
8109:
8093:
8085:
8077:
8042:
8040:
8039:
8025:
8012:
8010:
8009:
7995:
7974:
7972:
7971:
7962:
7960:
7959:
7950:
7948:
7947:
7933:
7917:
7915:
7914:
7900:
7887:
7885:
7884:
7870:
7844:
7842:
7841:
7831:Carolyn Bertozzi
7827:
7812:
7810:
7809:
7800:
7798:
7797:
7783:
7761:
7759:
7758:
7744:
7729:
7727:
7726:
7712:
7686:
7684:
7683:
7669:
7654:
7652:
7651:
7637:
7625:
7623:
7622:
7613:
7611:
7610:
7596:
7575:
7573:
7572:
7558:
7543:
7541:
7540:
7526:
7507:
7505:
7504:
7490:
7469:
7467:
7466:
7452:
7437:
7435:
7434:
7420:
7408:
7406:
7405:
7396:
7394:
7393:
7379:
7364:"for developing
7358:
7356:
7355:
7345:Jacques Dubochet
7341:
7326:
7324:
7323:
7309:
7297:
7295:
7294:
7288:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7266:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7228:
7213:
7211:
7210:
7201:
7199:
7198:
7184:
7172:
7170:
7169:
7155:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7105:
7090:
7088:
7087:
7073:
7061:
7059:
7058:
7049:
7047:
7046:
7032:
7011:
7009:
7008:
6994:
6979:
6977:
6976:
6967:
6965:
6964:
6950:
6938:
6936:
6935:
6926:
6924:
6923:
6914:
6912:
6911:
6897:
6876:
6874:
6873:
6864:
6862:
6861:
6847:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6815:
6800:"for studies of
6794:
6792:
6791:
6781:Robert Lefkowitz
6777:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6724:
6709:
6707:
6706:
6692:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6663:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6625:
6610:
6608:
6607:
6593:
6581:
6579:
6578:
6568:Thomas A. Steitz
6564:
6543:
6541:
6540:
6531:
6529:
6528:
6514:
6499:
6497:
6496:
6482:
6470:
6468:
6467:
6453:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6415:
6391:
6389:
6388:
6374:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6333:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6301:
6289:
6287:
6286:
6276:Robert H. Grubbs
6272:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6234:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6202:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6173:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6135:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6094:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6056:
6032:
6030:
6029:
6015:
6003:
6001:
6000:
5986:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5945:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5904:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5875:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5837:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5809:Hideki Shirakawa
5805:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5764:
5743:
5741:
5740:
5726:
5702:
5700:
5699:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5673:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5632:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5594:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5553:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5524:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5486:
5471:
5469:
5468:
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5442:
5440:
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5424:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5386:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5354:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5325:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5287:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5234:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5193:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5155:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5102:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5065:Richard R. Ernst
5061:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5020:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4988:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4938:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4906:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4877:
4856:
4854:
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4839:
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4783:
4762:
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4730:
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4727:
4718:
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4701:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4660:
4635:
4633:
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4618:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4586:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4548:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4507:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4466:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4421:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4377:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4339:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4311:Frederick Sanger
4307:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4265:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4227:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4195:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4153:Herbert C. Brown
4149:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4108:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4067:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4026:
4002:
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3999:
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3923:
3899:
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3882:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3850:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3808:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3780:William H. Stein
3776:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3738:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3700:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3651:Gerhard Herzberg
3647:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3606:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3574:
3553:
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3550:
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3278:
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3229:
3208:
3206:
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3191:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3159:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3121:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3080:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3039:
3015:
3013:
3012:
2998:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2961:Frederick Sanger
2957:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2912:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2880:
2859:
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2856:
2841:
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2508:
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2439:
2437:
2436:
2422:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2381:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2349:
2338:in a pure form"
2328:
2326:
2325:
2311:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2273:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2232:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2189:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2150:George de Hevesy
2146:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2069:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2029:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1982:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1928:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1890:
1862:
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1539:
1529:
1527:
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1512:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1474:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1427:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1384:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1343:
1319:
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1316:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1288:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1225:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1180:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1139:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1096:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1043:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:
985:
961:
959:
958:
944:
920:
918:
917:
903:
879:
877:
876:
862:
849:Grignard reagent
841:
839:
838:
824:
796:
794:
793:
783:
781:
780:
770:
769:
768:
754:
733:
729:
727:
726:
711:
690:
686:
684:
683:
668:
644:
642:
641:
632:
630:
629:
615:
594:
590:
588:
587:
572:
556:electric furnace
544:
542:
541:
527:
502:
498:
496:
495:
484:Adolf von Baeyer
480:
456:
454:
453:
438:
410:
408:
407:
393:
368:
364:
362:
361:
346:
330:osmotic pressure
318:
316:
315:
301:
271:
270:
178:particle physics
163:George de Hevesy
111:Frederick Sanger
80:Nobel Foundation
13790:
13789:
13785:
13784:
13783:
13781:
13780:
13779:
13760:
13759:
13758:
13753:
13752:
13745:
13721:Björkborn Manor
13699:
13633:
13590:
13560:
13509:
13479:
13432:
13412:South American
13397:North American
13238:
13232:
13185:
13183:
13177:
13136:
13108:
13099:
13058:
13040:
13035:
13005:
13000:
12984:
12968:
12959:David MacMillan
12956:
12951:Jennifer Doudna
12944:
12928:
12912:
12896:
12887:Fraser Stoddart
12880:
12871:Paul L. Modrich
12864:
12848:
12832:
12820:
12812:
12807:Ei-ichi Negishi
12799:Richard F. Heck
12796:
12780:
12767:Osamu Shimomura
12764:
12756:
12748:
12732:
12716:
12704:
12688:
12675:William Knowles
12672:
12661:
12652:Alan MacDiarmid
12645:
12637:
12625:
12609:
12604:Richard Smalley
12593:
12580:Paul J. Crutzen
12577:
12569:
12557:
12549:
12541:
12533:
12521:
12505:
12496:Jean-Marie Lehn
12489:
12473:
12461:
12453:
12445:
12437:
12425:
12409:
12397:
12389:
12381:
12373:
12362:
12357:Vladimir Prelog
12350:
12342:
12330:
12314:
12306:
12298:
12286:
12278:
12262:
12254:
12249:Robert Woodward
12246:
12241:Dorothy Hodgkin
12238:
12226:
12214:
12206:
12198:
12190:
12182:
12174:
12162:
12154:
12146:
12138:
12126:
12114:
12103:
12091:
12086:William Giauque
12083:
12075:
12070:Robert Robinson
12067:
12054:James B. Sumner
12051:
12043:
12035:
12027:
12021:
12020:
12014:
12013:
12007:
12006:
12001:Leopold Ružička
11997:Adolf Butenandt
11994:
11986:
11974:
11966:
11954:
11946:
11940:
11939:
11934:Irving Langmuir
11931:
11919:
11911:
11899:
11891:
11883:
11875:
11864:
11860:
11855:
11847:
11841:
11840:
11832:
11824:
11819:Frederick Soddy
11816:
11808:
11802:
11801:
11793:
11787:
11786:
11780:
11779:
11771:
11763:
11755:
11746:Victor Grignard
11743:
11735:
11727:
11722:Wilhelm Ostwald
11719:
11711:
11703:
11695:
11687:
11679:
11671:
11663:
11655:
11644:
11635:
11601:Wayback Machine
11589:Wayback Machine
11577:Wayback Machine
11566:
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11367:Wayback Machine
11358:Press Release:
11357:
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11347:Wayback Machine
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11238:(in Romanian).
11234:
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8642:
8641:
8637:
8627:
8625:
8616:
8615:
8611:
8570:(7): e0234612.
8554:
8550:
8540:
8538:
8529:
8528:
8521:
8511:
8509:
8500:
8499:
8492:
8482:
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8471:
8470:
8463:
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8441:
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8326:
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8001:
7969:
7967:
7966:
7957:
7955:
7954:
7945:
7943:
7939:
7921:
7912:
7910:
7906:
7891:
7882:
7880:
7876:
7853:click chemistry
7848:
7839:
7837:
7833:
7807:
7805:
7804:
7795:
7793:
7789:
7770:organocatalysis
7765:
7756:
7754:
7750:
7724:
7722:
7718:
7716:Jennifer Doudna
7690:
7681:
7679:
7675:
7649:
7647:
7643:
7620:
7618:
7617:
7608:
7606:
7602:
7570:
7568:
7564:
7538:
7536:
7532:
7502:
7500:
7496:
7464:
7462:
7458:
7432:
7430:
7426:
7403:
7401:
7400:
7391:
7389:
7385:
7353:
7351:
7347:
7321:
7319:
7315:
7292:
7290:
7289:
7279:
7277:
7276:
7272:
7270:Fraser Stoddart
7240:
7238:
7234:
7208:
7206:
7205:
7196:
7194:
7190:
7167:
7165:
7161:
7159:Paul L. Modrich
7129:
7127:
7126:
7117:
7115:
7111:
7085:
7083:
7079:
7056:
7054:
7053:
7044:
7042:
7038:
7006:
7004:
7000:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6962:
6960:
6956:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6909:
6907:
6903:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6859:
6857:
6853:
6827:
6825:
6821:
6789:
6787:
6783:
6748:
6746:
6745:
6736:
6734:
6730:
6704:
6702:
6698:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6667:Ei-ichi Negishi
6650:cross couplings
6637:
6635:
6631:
6629:Richard F. Heck
6605:
6603:
6599:
6576:
6574:
6570:
6538:
6536:
6535:
6526:
6524:
6520:
6494:
6492:
6488:
6465:
6463:
6459:
6427:
6425:
6421:
6419:Osamu Shimomura
6386:
6384:
6380:
6345:
6343:
6339:
6313:
6311:
6307:
6284:
6282:
6278:
6246:
6244:
6240:
6214:
6212:
6208:
6185:
6183:
6179:
6147:
6145:
6141:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6068:
6066:
6062:
6027:
6025:
6021:
5998:
5996:
5992:
5970:soft desorption
5957:
5955:
5951:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5887:
5885:
5881:
5849:
5847:
5843:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5776:
5774:
5770:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5685:
5683:
5679:
5644:
5642:
5638:
5606:
5604:
5600:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5429:Harold W. Kroto
5398:
5396:
5392:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5329:Mario J. Molina
5299:
5297:
5293:
5291:Paul J. Crutzen
5258:
5256:
5255:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5032:
5030:
5026:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4795:
4793:
4789:
4787:Jean-Marie Lehn
4757:
4755:
4751:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4705:John C. Polanyi
4684:
4682:
4681:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4645:concerning the
4630:
4628:
4624:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4292:concerning the
4277:
4275:
4271:
4252:recombinant-DNA
4239:
4237:
4233:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4010:stereochemistry
3997:
3995:
3994:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3977:Vladimir Prelog
3960:stereochemistry
3947:
3945:
3944:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3010:
3008:
3004:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2939:and nucleotide
2924:
2922:
2918:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2533:diene synthesis
2520:
2518:
2514:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2447:electrophoresis
2434:
2432:
2428:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2073:Leopold Ružička
2042:
2040:
2035:
1995:
1993:
1988:
1968:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1779:Frédéric Joliot
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1658:
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1143:Frederick Soddy
1123:thermochemistry
1109:
1107:
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147:Frederick Soddy
107:Adolf Butenandt
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13215:
13210:
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13189:
13187:
13179:
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13170:
13165:
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13144:
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13121:by occupation
13118:
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13019:
13011:
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12998:
12982:
12966:
12954:
12942:
12926:
12919:Gregory Winter
12915:Frances Arnold
12910:
12894:
12878:
12862:
12846:
12839:Michael Levitt
12835:Martin Karplus
12830:
12818:
12810:
12794:
12778:
12775:Roger Y. Tsien
12771:Martin Chalfie
12762:
12754:
12746:
12730:
12714:
12702:
12686:
12669:
12667:
12663:
12662:
12660:
12659:
12648:Alan J. Heeger
12643:
12635:
12623:
12616:John E. Walker
12607:
12591:
12575:
12567:
12555:
12547:
12539:
12531:
12519:
12516:Hartmut Michel
12503:
12492:Donald J. Cram
12487:
12471:
12459:
12451:
12443:
12435:
12432:Roald Hoffmann
12423:
12416:Walter Gilbert
12407:
12395:
12387:
12384:Ilya Prigogine
12379:
12370:
12368:
12364:
12363:
12361:
12360:
12353:John Cornforth
12348:
12340:
12328:
12321:Stanford Moore
12312:
12304:
12296:
12284:
12276:
12269:Ronald Norrish
12260:
12252:
12244:
12236:
12224:
12212:
12204:
12196:
12188:
12180:
12177:Alexander Todd
12172:
12160:
12152:
12144:
12136:
12124:
12117:Edwin McMillan
12111:
12109:
12105:
12104:
12102:
12101:
12089:
12081:
12073:
12065:
12049:
12041:
12033:
12025:
12018:
12011:
12004:
11992:
11984:
11977:Norman Haworth
11972:
11964:
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11929:
11917:
11909:
11897:
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11872:
11870:
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11865:
11858:
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11845:
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11822:
11814:
11811:Walther Nernst
11806:
11799:
11791:
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11777:
11769:
11761:
11753:
11741:
11733:
11725:
11717:
11709:
11706:Eduard Buchner
11701:
11693:
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11682:William Ramsay
11677:
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11645:
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11611:
11605:
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11579:
11565:
11564:External links
11562:
11560:
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11512:
11510:
11507:
11505:
11504:
11487:NobelPrize.org
11474:
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7699:genome editing
7691:
7677:
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7645:
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7615:United Kingdom
7604:
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7545:United Kingdom
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7456:Frances Arnold
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7036:Stefan W. Hell
7033:
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7002:
6995:
6988:
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6983:
6958:
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6880:
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6851:Martin Karplus
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6087:
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6081:water channels
6077:
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6016:
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6007:
5994:
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5730:Alan J. Heeger
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5667:
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5543:United Kingdom
5532:
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5238:George A. Olah
5235:
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5214:
5201:
5194:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:(PCR) method"
5176:
5163:
5159:Kary B. Mullis
5156:
5149:
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4910:Hartmut Michel
4907:
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4749:Donald J. Cram
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4594:
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4573:direct methods
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4385:
4381:Roald Hoffmann
4378:
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4364:their theories
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4315:
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3907:macromolecules
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3869:United Kingdom
3858:
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3833:organometallic
3829:
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3798:
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3777:
3769:
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3766:
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3739:
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3627:
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3610:Luis F. Leloir
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2400:United Kingdom
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2178:
2176:
2169:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2106:polymethylenes
2102:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2052:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2005:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1949:
1936:
1929:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1911:
1909:United Kingdom
1898:
1891:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1870:dipole moments
1866:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1821:
1814:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1796:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1759:heavy hydrogen
1755:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1708:investigations
1700:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1628:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1581:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1520:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1495:
1493:United Kingdom
1482:
1475:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1450:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1407:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1364:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1323:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1262:micro-analysis
1258:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1201:
1199:United Kingdom
1188:
1181:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1160:
1158:United Kingdom
1147:
1140:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1121:" his work in
1119:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1066:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1008:
993:
986:
979:
975:
974:
972:
965:
952:
945:
938:
934:
933:
931:
924:
911:
904:
897:
893:
892:
890:
883:
870:
863:
855:
854:
852:
845:
832:
825:
818:
814:
813:
811:
800:
785:Russian Empire
762:
755:
748:
744:
743:
741:
734:
719:
712:
705:
701:
700:
698:
693:" his work on
691:
676:
669:
662:
658:
657:
655:
648:
634:United Kingdom
623:
616:
609:
605:
604:
602:
595:
580:
576:Eduard Buchner
573:
566:
562:
561:
559:
548:
535:
528:
521:
517:
516:
514:
503:
488:
481:
474:
470:
469:
467:
460:
458:United Kingdom
447:
443:William Ramsay
439:
432:
428:
427:
425:
414:
401:
394:
387:
383:
382:
380:
371:" his work on
369:
354:
347:
340:
336:
335:
333:
332:in solutions"
322:
309:
302:
295:
291:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
267:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
200:
197:
194:
174:Atomic physics
143:Walther Nernst
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13787:
13776:
13773:
13771:
13768:
13767:
13765:
13748:
13742:
13739:
13737:
13734:
13732:
13729:
13727:
13724:
13722:
13719:
13717:
13714:
13712:
13711:Controversies
13709:
13708:
13706:
13702:
13696:
13693:
13689:
13686:
13684:
13681:
13679:
13676:
13674:
13671:
13669:
13666:
13664:
13661:
13660:
13659:
13656:
13654:
13651:
13650:
13648:
13646:Organisations
13644:
13630:
13627:
13625:
13622:
13620:
13617:
13615:
13612:
13608:
13605:
13604:
13603:
13602:
13600:
13598:
13593:
13585:
13582:
13580:
13577:
13576:
13574:
13573:
13571:
13567:
13557:
13554:
13552:
13549:
13545:
13544:Organizations
13542:
13540:
13537:
13536:
13534:
13532:
13529:
13527:
13524:
13522:
13519:
13518:
13516:
13512:
13506:
13503:
13501:
13498:
13496:
13493:
13492:
13490:
13486:
13476:
13473:
13471:
13468:
13466:
13463:
13461:
13458:
13456:
13453:
13451:
13448:
13447:
13445:
13443:
13442:by university
13439:
13427:
13424:
13422:
13419:
13417:
13414:
13413:
13411:
13407:
13404:
13402:
13399:
13398:
13396:
13392:
13389:
13388:
13386:
13382:
13379:
13377:
13374:
13372:
13369:
13367:
13364:
13362:
13359:
13357:
13354:
13352:
13349:
13347:
13344:
13342:
13339:
13337:
13334:
13332:
13329:
13327:
13324:
13322:
13319:
13317:
13314:
13313:
13311:
13307:
13304:
13302:
13299:
13297:
13294:
13292:
13289:
13287:
13284:
13282:
13279:
13277:
13274:
13272:
13269:
13268:
13267:
13264:
13260:
13259:South African
13257:
13255:
13252:
13251:
13250:
13247:
13246:
13244:
13242:
13235:
13229:
13228:Non-religious
13226:
13224:
13221:
13219:
13216:
13214:
13211:
13209:
13206:
13204:
13201:
13199:
13196:
13194:
13191:
13190:
13188:
13180:
13174:
13171:
13169:
13166:
13164:
13161:
13159:
13156:
13154:
13151:
13149:
13146:
13145:
13143:
13139:
13133:
13130:
13126:
13123:
13122:
13120:
13119:
13117:
13115:
13111:
13106:
13096:
13093:
13091:
13088:
13086:
13083:
13081:
13078:
13076:
13073:
13071:
13068:
13067:
13065:
13061:
13055:
13052:
13050:
13047:
13046:
13043:
13039:
13032:
13027:
13025:
13020:
13018:
13013:
13012:
13009:
12996:
12992:
12991:Louis E. Brus
12988:
12983:
12980:
12976:
12972:
12967:
12964:
12963:Benjamin List
12960:
12955:
12952:
12948:
12943:
12940:
12939:Akira Yoshino
12936:
12932:
12927:
12924:
12920:
12916:
12911:
12908:
12904:
12903:Joachim Frank
12900:
12895:
12892:
12888:
12884:
12879:
12876:
12872:
12868:
12867:Tomas Lindahl
12863:
12860:
12856:
12852:
12847:
12844:
12843:Arieh Warshel
12840:
12836:
12831:
12828:
12827:Brian Kobilka
12824:
12819:
12816:
12815:Dan Shechtman
12811:
12808:
12804:
12800:
12795:
12792:
12791:Ada E. Yonath
12788:
12784:
12779:
12776:
12772:
12768:
12763:
12760:
12755:
12752:
12747:
12744:
12740:
12736:
12731:
12728:
12724:
12723:Avram Hershko
12720:
12715:
12712:
12708:
12703:
12700:
12699:Kurt Wüthrich
12696:
12695:Koichi Tanaka
12692:
12687:
12684:
12680:
12676:
12671:
12670:
12668:
12664:
12657:
12653:
12649:
12644:
12641:
12636:
12633:
12629:
12624:
12621:
12617:
12613:
12612:Paul D. Boyer
12608:
12605:
12601:
12597:
12592:
12589:
12585:
12581:
12576:
12573:
12568:
12565:
12564:Michael Smith
12561:
12556:
12553:
12548:
12545:
12540:
12537:
12532:
12529:
12525:
12524:Sidney Altman
12520:
12517:
12513:
12509:
12504:
12501:
12497:
12493:
12488:
12485:
12481:
12477:
12472:
12469:
12465:
12460:
12457:
12452:
12449:
12444:
12441:
12436:
12433:
12429:
12428:Kenichi Fukui
12424:
12421:
12417:
12413:
12408:
12405:
12401:
12396:
12393:
12388:
12385:
12380:
12377:
12372:
12371:
12369:
12365:
12358:
12354:
12349:
12346:
12341:
12338:
12334:
12329:
12326:
12325:William Stein
12322:
12318:
12313:
12310:
12305:
12302:
12297:
12294:
12290:
12285:
12282:
12277:
12274:
12273:George Porter
12270:
12266:
12265:Manfred Eigen
12261:
12258:
12253:
12250:
12245:
12242:
12237:
12234:
12230:
12225:
12222:
12218:
12213:
12210:
12209:Melvin Calvin
12205:
12202:
12201:Willard Libby
12197:
12194:
12189:
12186:
12181:
12178:
12173:
12170:
12166:
12161:
12158:
12153:
12150:
12149:Linus Pauling
12145:
12142:
12137:
12134:
12133:Richard Synge
12130:
12129:Archer Martin
12125:
12122:
12118:
12113:
12112:
12110:
12106:
12099:
12095:
12090:
12087:
12082:
12079:
12078:Arne Tiselius
12074:
12071:
12066:
12063:
12059:
12058:John Northrop
12055:
12050:
12047:
12042:
12039:
12034:
12031:
12026:
12019:
12012:
12005:
12002:
11998:
11993:
11990:
11985:
11982:
11978:
11973:
11970:
11965:
11962:
11958:
11953:
11950:
11945:
11938:
11935:
11930:
11927:
11923:
11918:
11915:
11910:
11907:
11903:
11902:Arthur Harden
11898:
11895:
11894:Adolf Windaus
11890:
11887:
11882:
11879:
11874:
11873:
11871:
11867:
11851:
11846:
11839:
11836:
11831:
11828:
11827:Francis Aston
11823:
11820:
11815:
11812:
11807:
11800:
11797:
11792:
11785:
11778:
11775:
11770:
11767:
11762:
11759:
11758:Alfred Werner
11754:
11751:
11750:Paul Sabatier
11747:
11742:
11739:
11734:
11731:
11726:
11723:
11718:
11715:
11710:
11707:
11702:
11699:
11698:Henri Moissan
11694:
11691:
11686:
11683:
11678:
11675:
11670:
11667:
11662:
11659:
11654:
11653:
11651:
11647:
11643:
11639:
11632:
11627:
11625:
11620:
11618:
11613:
11612:
11609:
11602:
11598:
11595:
11592:
11590:
11586:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11574:
11571:
11568:
11567:
11548:
11544:
11543:
11538:
11534:
11522:
11518:
11514:
11513:
11492:
11488:
11484:
11478:
11462:
11458:
11452:
11436:
11432:
11426:
11410:
11406:
11400:
11384:
11380:
11374:
11368:
11364:
11361:
11355:
11348:
11344:
11341:
11335:
11319:
11315:
11309:
11293:
11289:
11283:
11267:
11263:
11257:
11241:
11237:
11231:
11215:
11211:
11205:
11189:
11185:
11184:
11179:
11173:
11157:
11153:
11147:
11131:
11127:
11121:
11105:
11101:
11095:
11079:
11075:
11069:
11053:
11049:
11043:
11027:
11023:
11017:
11001:
10997:
10989:
10973:
10969:
10963:
10947:
10943:
10937:
10921:
10917:
10911:
10895:
10891:
10885:
10869:
10865:
10859:
10857:
10840:
10836:
10830:
10828:
10811:
10807:
10801:
10799:
10782:
10778:
10772:
10756:
10752:
10746:
10730:
10726:
10720:
10718:
10701:
10697:
10691:
10689:
10672:
10668:
10662:
10646:
10642:
10636:
10620:
10616:
10610:
10594:
10590:
10584:
10582:
10565:
10561:
10555:
10539:
10535:
10529:
10513:
10509:
10503:
10487:
10483:
10477:
10461:
10457:
10451:
10435:
10431:
10425:
10409:
10405:
10399:
10383:
10379:
10373:
10357:
10353:
10347:
10331:
10327:
10321:
10305:
10301:
10295:
10279:
10275:
10269:
10253:
10249:
10243:
10241:
10224:
10220:
10214:
10198:
10194:
10188:
10172:
10168:
10162:
10146:
10142:
10136:
10120:
10116:
10110:
10108:
10091:
10087:
10081:
10065:
10061:
10055:
10039:
10035:
10029:
10027:
10010:
10006:
10000:
9984:
9980:
9974:
9958:
9954:
9948:
9932:
9928:
9922:
9906:
9902:
9896:
9880:
9876:
9870:
9854:
9850:
9844:
9828:
9824:
9818:
9802:
9798:
9792:
9776:
9772:
9766:
9750:
9746:
9740:
9724:
9720:
9714:
9698:
9694:
9688:
9672:
9668:
9662:
9646:
9642:
9636:
9620:
9616:
9610:
9594:
9590:
9584:
9568:
9564:
9558:
9542:
9538:
9532:
9516:
9512:
9506:
9490:
9486:
9480:
9464:
9460:
9454:
9438:
9434:
9428:
9412:
9408:
9402:
9386:
9382:
9376:
9360:
9356:
9350:
9348:
9331:
9327:
9321:
9305:
9301:
9295:
9293:
9276:
9272:
9266:
9250:
9246:
9240:
9224:
9220:
9214:
9198:
9194:
9188:
9172:
9168:
9162:
9146:
9142:
9136:
9120:
9116:
9110:
9094:
9090:
9084:
9068:
9064:
9058:
9042:
9038:
9032:
9016:
9012:
9006:
8990:
8986:
8980:
8964:
8960:
8954:
8938:
8934:
8928:
8912:
8908:
8902:
8900:
8883:
8879:
8873:
8857:
8853:
8847:
8831:
8827:
8821:
8805:
8801:
8795:
8779:
8775:
8769:
8753:
8749:
8743:
8727:
8723:
8717:
8701:
8697:
8691:
8675:
8671:
8665:
8649:
8645:
8639:
8623:
8619:
8613:
8605:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8577:
8573:
8569:
8565:
8564:
8559:
8552:
8536:
8532:
8526:
8524:
8507:
8503:
8497:
8495:
8478:
8474:
8468:
8466:
8449:
8445:
8439:
8437:
8420:
8416:
8410:
8408:
8391:
8387:
8381:
8379:
8362:
8358:
8352:
8350:
8333:
8329:
8323:
8321:
8304:
8300:
8294:
8292:
8275:
8271:
8265:
8249:
8245:
8239:
8223:
8219:
8212:
8196:
8192:
8186:
8170:
8166:
8160:
8144:
8140:
8134:
8118:
8114:
8108:
8104:
8096:
8092:
8088:
8084:
8080:
8076:
8059:
8056:
8055:
8045:
8034:
8030:
8029:Alexey Ekimov
8027:
8024:
8020:
8019:
8015:
8014:United States
8004:
8000:
7999:Louis E. Brus
7997:
7994:
7990:
7989:
7983:
7977:
7965:
7953:
7952:United States
7942:
7938:
7935:
7932:
7928:
7924:
7920:
7919:United States
7909:
7905:
7899:
7895:
7894:
7890:
7879:
7875:
7874:Morten Meldal
7869:
7865:
7864:
7858:
7854:
7847:
7846:United States
7836:
7832:
7826:
7822:
7818:
7815:
7814:United States
7803:
7792:
7788:
7782:
7778:
7777:
7771:
7764:
7753:
7749:
7748:Benjamin List
7743:
7739:
7735:
7732:
7731:United States
7721:
7717:
7711:
7707:
7706:
7700:
7696:
7689:
7678:
7674:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7657:
7646:
7642:
7641:Akira Yoshino
7636:
7632:
7631:
7628:
7627:United States
7616:
7605:
7601:
7595:
7591:
7590:
7584:
7578:
7577:United States
7567:
7563:
7557:
7553:
7549:
7546:
7535:
7531:
7525:
7521:
7520:
7516:
7515:phage display
7510:
7509:United States
7499:
7495:
7489:
7485:
7484:
7478:
7474:
7472:
7471:United States
7461:
7457:
7451:
7447:
7443:
7440:
7429:
7425:
7419:
7415:
7414:
7411:
7410:United States
7399:
7388:
7384:
7383:Joachim Frank
7378:
7374:
7373:
7367:
7361:
7350:
7346:
7340:
7336:
7332:
7329:
7318:
7314:
7308:
7304:
7303:
7300:
7299:United States
7287:
7275:
7271:
7265:
7261:
7260:
7254:
7248:
7237:
7233:
7227:
7223:
7219:
7216:
7204:
7203:United States
7193:
7189:
7183:
7179:
7178:
7175:
7174:United States
7164:
7160:
7154:
7150:
7149:
7143:
7137:
7125:
7114:
7110:
7109:Tomas Lindahl
7104:
7100:
7096:
7093:
7092:United States
7082:
7078:
7072:
7068:
7067:
7064:
7052:
7041:
7037:
7031:
7027:
7026:
7020:
7014:
7013:United States
7003:
6999:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6982:
6970:
6969:United States
6959:
6955:
6954:Arieh Warshel
6949:
6945:
6944:
6941:
6929:
6917:
6916:United States
6906:
6902:
6896:
6892:
6891:
6885:
6879:
6867:
6866:United States
6856:
6852:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6835:
6834:United States
6824:
6820:
6819:Brian Kobilka
6814:
6810:
6809:
6803:
6797:
6796:United States
6786:
6782:
6776:
6772:
6768:
6765:
6762:
6761:quasicrystals
6758:
6756:
6755:United States
6744:
6733:
6729:
6728:Dan Shechtman
6723:
6719:
6715:
6712:
6701:
6697:
6691:
6687:
6686:
6683:
6672:
6668:
6662:
6658:
6657:
6651:
6645:
6644:United States
6634:
6630:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6613:
6602:
6598:
6597:Ada E. Yonath
6592:
6588:
6587:
6584:
6583:United States
6573:
6569:
6563:
6559:
6558:
6552:
6546:
6534:
6533:United States
6523:
6519:
6513:
6509:
6505:
6502:
6501:United States
6491:
6487:
6481:
6477:
6476:
6473:
6472:United States
6462:
6458:
6452:
6448:
6447:
6441:
6435:
6424:
6420:
6414:
6410:
6406:
6403:
6400:
6396:
6394:
6383:
6379:
6373:
6369:
6365:
6362:
6359:
6355:
6353:
6352:United States
6342:
6338:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6321:
6320:United States
6310:
6306:
6300:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6291:United States
6281:
6277:
6271:
6267:
6266:
6260:
6254:
6243:
6239:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6222:
6221:United States
6211:
6207:
6201:
6197:
6196:
6193:
6182:
6178:
6177:Avram Hershko
6172:
6168:
6167:
6161:
6155:
6144:
6140:
6134:
6130:
6126:
6123:
6120:
6116:
6114:
6113:United States
6103:
6099:
6093:
6089:
6088:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6076:
6075:United States
6065:
6061:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6044:
6041:
6037:
6035:
6024:
6020:
6019:Kurt Wüthrich
6014:
6010:
6009:
6006:
5995:
5991:
5990:Koichi Tanaka
5985:
5981:
5980:
5974:
5971:
5965:
5964:United States
5954:
5950:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5924:
5923:United States
5913:
5909:
5903:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5884:
5880:
5874:
5870:
5869:
5863:
5857:
5856:United States
5846:
5842:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5825:
5814:
5810:
5804:
5800:
5799:
5796:
5784:
5783:United States
5773:
5769:
5763:
5759:
5758:
5752:
5746:
5745:United States
5735:
5731:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5707:
5705:
5693:
5692:United States
5682:
5678:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5652:
5641:
5637:
5636:John A. Pople
5631:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5616:
5614:
5613:United States
5603:
5599:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5579:
5578:Na, K -ATPase
5575:
5573:
5562:
5558:
5552:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5512:
5506:
5505:United States
5495:
5491:
5490:Paul D. Boyer
5485:
5481:
5477:
5474:
5473:United States
5463:
5459:
5453:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5434:
5430:
5423:
5419:
5418:
5412:
5406:
5405:United States
5395:
5391:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5373:United States
5363:
5359:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5345:
5334:
5330:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5313:
5307:
5296:
5292:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5272:
5268:
5266:
5254:
5253:United States
5243:
5239:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5215:
5213:
5202:
5198:
5197:Michael Smith
5192:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5177:
5175:
5174:United States
5164:
5160:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5136:
5134:
5122:
5121:United States
5111:
5107:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5083:
5081:
5070:
5066:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5046:
5042:
5040:
5039:United States
5029:
5025:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5007:United States
4997:
4993:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4976:
4970:
4969:United States
4958:
4947:
4943:
4942:Sidney Altman
4937:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4915:
4911:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4826:United States
4816:
4812:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4778:
4777:
4771:
4765:
4764:United States
4754:
4750:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4721:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4680:
4679:United States
4669:
4665:
4659:
4655:
4654:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4637:United States
4627:
4623:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4605:United States
4595:
4591:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4574:
4568:
4567:United States
4557:
4553:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4529:
4527:
4526:United States
4516:
4512:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4488:
4486:
4485:United States
4475:
4471:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4441:
4430:
4426:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4397:
4396:United States
4386:
4382:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4365:
4359:
4348:
4344:
4343:Kenichi Fukui
4338:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4284:United States
4274:
4270:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4247:
4246:United States
4236:
4232:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4169:
4168:United States
4158:
4154:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4128:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4089:
4087:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4046:
4045:United States
4035:
4031:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4005:
3993:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3943:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3901:United States
3891:
3887:
3886:Paul J. Flory
3881:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3795:United States
3785:
3781:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3764:
3758:
3757:United States
3747:
3743:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3719:United States
3709:
3705:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3684:free radicals
3681:
3679:
3667:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3615:
3611:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3503:
3502:United States
3492:
3488:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3460:
3456:
3455:George Porter
3450:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3393:
3389:
3388:Manfred Eigen
3383:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3363:
3362:United States
3352:
3348:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3322:
3321:United States
3311:
3307:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3099:United States
3089:
3085:
3084:Melvin Calvin
3079:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3058:United States
3048:
3044:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3023:polarographic
3020:
3018:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2851:
2847:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2819:United States
2809:
2805:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2778:United States
2768:
2764:
2763:Linus Pauling
2758:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2635:United States
2625:
2621:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2597:United States
2587:
2583:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2486:United States
2476:
2472:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2368:United States
2358:
2354:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2330:United States
2320:
2316:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2292:United States
2282:
2278:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2089:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1959:and vitamins
1958:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1753:United States
1743:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1698:United States
1688:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1626:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1532:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1483:
1479:
1478:Arthur Harden
1473:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1309:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1245:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
994:
990:
984:
980:
976:
973:
970:
969:atomic weight
966:
964:
963:United States
953:
949:
943:
939:
935:
932:
929:
925:
923:
912:
908:
907:Alfred Werner
902:
898:
894:
891:
888:
887:hydrogenating
884:
882:
871:
867:
866:Paul Sabatier
861:
857:
856:
853:
850:
846:
844:
833:
829:
823:
819:
815:
812:
809:
805:
801:
799:
786:
773:
759:
753:
749:
745:
742:
739:
735:
732:
720:
716:
710:
706:
702:
699:
696:
692:
689:
677:
673:
667:
663:
659:
656:
653:
649:
647:
635:
624:
620:
614:
610:
606:
603:
600:
596:
593:
581:
577:
571:
567:
563:
560:
557:
553:
549:
547:
536:
532:
531:Henri Moissan
526:
522:
518:
515:
512:
508:
504:
501:
489:
485:
479:
475:
471:
468:
465:
461:
459:
448:
444:
437:
433:
429:
426:
423:
419:
415:
413:
402:
398:
392:
388:
384:
381:
378:
374:
370:
367:
355:
351:
345:
341:
337:
334:
331:
327:
323:
321:
310:
306:
300:
296:
292:
272:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
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232:
230:
227:
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220:
217:
215:
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210:
207:
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202:
201:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
130:
128:
127:Linus Pauling
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
25:
20:
16:
13716:Alfred Nobel
13237:by continent
13147:
13038:Nobel Prizes
12923:George Smith
12803:Akira Suzuki
12759:Gerhard Ertl
12743:Yves Chauvin
12691:John B. Fenn
12679:Ryoji Noyori
12666:2001–present
12640:Ahmed Zewail
12600:Harold Kroto
12584:Mario Molina
12512:Robert Huber
12484:John Polanyi
12468:Jerome Karle
12404:Georg Wittig
12289:Derek Barton
12281:Lars Onsager
12233:Giulio Natta
12229:Karl Ziegler
12221:John Kendrew
11989:Richard Kuhn
11914:Hans Fischer
11730:Otto Wallach
11666:Emil Fischer
11637:
11551:. Retrieved
11540:
11525:. Retrieved
11495:. Retrieved
11486:
11477:
11465:. Retrieved
11451:
11439:. Retrieved
11425:
11413:. Retrieved
11399:
11387:. Retrieved
11373:
11354:
11334:
11322:. Retrieved
11308:
11296:. Retrieved
11282:
11270:. Retrieved
11256:
11244:. Retrieved
11230:
11218:. Retrieved
11204:
11192:. Retrieved
11181:
11172:
11160:. Retrieved
11146:
11134:. Retrieved
11120:
11108:. Retrieved
11094:
11082:. Retrieved
11068:
11056:. Retrieved
11042:
11030:. Retrieved
11016:
11004:. Retrieved
10988:
10976:. Retrieved
10962:
10950:. Retrieved
10936:
10924:. Retrieved
10910:
10898:. Retrieved
10884:
10872:. Retrieved
10843:. Retrieved
10814:. Retrieved
10785:. Retrieved
10771:
10759:. Retrieved
10745:
10733:. Retrieved
10704:. Retrieved
10675:. Retrieved
10661:
10649:. Retrieved
10635:
10623:. Retrieved
10609:
10597:. Retrieved
10568:. Retrieved
10554:
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10528:
10516:. Retrieved
10502:
10490:. Retrieved
10476:
10464:. Retrieved
10450:
10438:. Retrieved
10424:
10412:. Retrieved
10398:
10386:. Retrieved
10372:
10360:. Retrieved
10346:
10334:. Retrieved
10320:
10308:. Retrieved
10294:
10282:. Retrieved
10268:
10256:. Retrieved
10227:. Retrieved
10213:
10201:. Retrieved
10187:
10175:. Retrieved
10161:
10149:. Retrieved
10135:
10123:. Retrieved
10094:. Retrieved
10080:
10068:. Retrieved
10054:
10042:. Retrieved
10013:. Retrieved
9999:
9987:. Retrieved
9973:
9961:. Retrieved
9947:
9935:. Retrieved
9921:
9909:. Retrieved
9895:
9883:. Retrieved
9869:
9857:. Retrieved
9843:
9831:. Retrieved
9817:
9805:. Retrieved
9791:
9779:. Retrieved
9765:
9753:. Retrieved
9739:
9727:. Retrieved
9713:
9701:. Retrieved
9687:
9675:. Retrieved
9661:
9649:. Retrieved
9635:
9623:. Retrieved
9609:
9597:. Retrieved
9583:
9571:. Retrieved
9557:
9545:. Retrieved
9531:
9519:. Retrieved
9505:
9493:. Retrieved
9479:
9467:. Retrieved
9453:
9441:. Retrieved
9427:
9415:. Retrieved
9401:
9389:. Retrieved
9375:
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9334:. Retrieved
9320:
9308:. Retrieved
9279:. Retrieved
9265:
9253:. Retrieved
9239:
9227:. Retrieved
9213:
9201:. Retrieved
9187:
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9161:
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9135:
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9109:
9097:. Retrieved
9083:
9071:. Retrieved
9057:
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9031:
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9005:
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8979:
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8953:
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8927:
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8872:
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8794:
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8768:
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8716:
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8690:
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8638:
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8561:
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8539:. Retrieved
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8307:. Retrieved
8278:. Retrieved
8264:
8252:. Retrieved
8248:the original
8238:
8226:. Retrieved
8211:
8199:. Retrieved
8195:the original
8185:
8173:. Retrieved
8159:
8147:. Retrieved
8143:the original
8133:
8121:. Retrieved
8107:
8091:
8089:
8083:
8081:
8075:
8073:
7982:quantum dots
7565:(1922–2023)
7494:George Smith
7479:of enzymes"
7357:
6696:Akira Suzuki
6670:(1935–2021)
6632:(1931–2015)
6571:(1940–2018)
6489:(1952–2016)
6422:(1928–2018)
6378:Gerhard Ertl
6279:(1942–2021)
6241:(1930–2015)
6238:Yves Chauvin
6209:(1926–2015)
6031:
5952:(1917–2010)
5949:John B. Fenn
5879:Ryōji Noyori
5844:(1917–2012)
5771:(1927–2007)
5680:(1946–2016)
5677:Ahmed Zewail
5639:(1925–2004)
5601:(1923–2016)
5560:(1918–2018)
5557:Jens C. Skou
5493:(1918–2018)
5461:(1943–2005)
5432:(1939–2016)
5393:(1933–2022)
5361:(1927–2012)
5332:(1943–2020)
5294:(1933–2021)
5241:(1927–2017)
5200:(1932–2000)
5162:(1944–2019)
5077:
5068:(1933–2021)
4945:(1939–2022)
4925:West Germany
4896:West Germany
4881:Robert Huber
4858:West Germany
4814:(1904–1989)
4752:(1919–2001)
4593:(1918–2013)
4590:Jerome Karle
4555:(1917–2011)
4514:(1921–2006)
4473:(1915–2005)
4428:(1926–2018)
4346:(1918–1998)
4314:(1918–2013)
4234:(1926–2023)
4214:West Germany
4202:(1897–1987)
4199:Georg Wittig
4156:(1912–2004)
4115:(1920–1992)
4074:(1917–2003)
4033:(1919–2011)
4001:
3980:(1906–1998)
3930:(1917–2013)
3889:(1910–1985)
3857:(1921–1996)
3835:, so called
3827:West Germany
3815:(1918–2007)
3783:(1911–1980)
3763:ribonuclease
3745:(1913–1982)
3725:ribonuclease
3707:(1916–1995)
3678:West Germany
3654:(1904–1999)
3613:(1906–1987)
3581:(1897–1981)
3561:conformation
3543:(1918–1998)
3490:(1903–1976)
3487:Lars Onsager
3458:(1920–2002)
3429:(1897–1978)
3403:West Germany
3391:(1927–2019)
3350:(1896–1986)
3309:(1917–1979)
3268:(1910–1994)
3236:(1903–1979)
3233:Giulio Natta
3210:West Germany
3198:(1898–1973)
3195:Karl Ziegler
3166:(1917–1997)
3128:(1914–2002)
3087:(1911–1997)
3046:(1908–1980)
3005:(1890–1967)
2964:(1918–2013)
2919:(1907–1997)
2899:Soviet Union
2887:(1896–1986)
2849:(1897–1967)
2807:(1901–1978)
2766:(1901–1994)
2737:West Germany
2725:(1881–1965)
2693:(1914–1994)
2655:(1910–2002)
2623:(1912–1999)
2585:(1907–1991)
2565:West Germany
2553:(1902–1958)
2527:West Germany
2515:(1876–1954)
2474:(1895–1982)
2429:(1902–1971)
2388:(1886–1975)
2356:(1904–1971)
2318:(1891–1987)
2280:(1887–1955)
2239:(1895–1973)
2196:(1879–1968)
2153:(1885–1966)
2122:
2097:
2076:(1887–1976)
2056:sex hormones
2036:(1903–1995)
1989:(1900–1967)
1986:Richard Kuhn
1944:
1935:(1889–1971)
1897:(1883–1950)
1852:(1884–1966)
1820:(1897–1956)
1782:(1900–1958)
1741:(1893–1981)
1720:
1686:(1881–1957)
1652:(1884–1949)
1612:(1874–1940)
1565:(1881–1945)
1562:Hans Fischer
1519:(1873–1964)
1481:(1865–1940)
1434:(1876–1959)
1391:(1877–1957)
1350:(1884–1971)
1295:(1865–1929)
1274:
1232:(1869–1930)
1187:(1877–1945)
1146:(1877–1956)
1103:(1864–1941)
1082:
1050:(1868–1934)
1024:
992:(1872–1942)
951:(1868–1928)
919:
910:(1866–1919)
869:(1854–1941)
831:(1871–1935)
761:(1867–1934)
718:(1847–1931)
715:Otto Wallach
675:(1853–1932)
622:(1871–1937)
599:fermentation
579:(1860–1917)
534:(1852–1907)
507:organic dyes
487:(1835–1917)
446:(1852–1916)
422:dissociation
400:(1859–1927)
353:(1852–1919)
308:(1852–1911)
186:neuroscience
182:cell biology
171:
159:Richard Kuhn
131:
115:John Bardeen
103:Richard Kuhn
96:
60:Alfred Nobel
52:Nobel Prizes
29:
15:
13539:Individuals
13241:nationality
12891:Ben Feringa
12875:Aziz Sancar
12855:Stefan Hell
12851:Eric Betzig
12628:Walter Kohn
12596:Robert Curl
12572:George Olah
12560:Kary Mullis
12536:Elias Corey
12528:Thomas Cech
12480:Yuan T. Lee
12448:Henry Taube
11981:Paul Karrer
11969:Peter Debye
11949:Harold Urey
11835:Fritz Pregl
11796:Fritz Haber
11738:Marie Curie
11246:31 December
7360:Switzerland
7328:Netherlands
7313:Ben Feringa
7188:Aziz Sancar
6998:Eric Betzig
6034:Switzerland
5795:New Zealand
5598:Walter Kohn
5306:Netherlands
5273:chemistry"
5271:carbocation
5080:Switzerland
4992:Thomas Cech
4664:Yuan T. Lee
4470:Henry Taube
4004:Switzerland
3407:"for their
2937:nucleotides
2123:Not awarded
2108:and higher
2100:Switzerland
2009:carotenoids
1953:carotenoids
1947:Switzerland
1932:Paul Karrer
1864:Netherlands
1849:Peter Debye
1721:Not awarded
1704:discoveries
1589:chlorophyll
1275:Not awarded
1229:Fritz Pregl
1083:Not awarded
1047:Fritz Haber
1025:Not awarded
1012:chlorophyll
922:Switzerland
646:New Zealand
554:, and for
379:syntheses"
320:Netherlands
139:Fritz Haber
105:(1938) and
13764:Categories
13673:Literature
13531:Literature
13514:by subject
13460:ETH Zurich
13426:Venezuelan
13391:Australian
13306:Vietnamese
13184:population
13158:Literature
13141:by subject
13080:Literature
12727:Irwin Rose
12707:Peter Agre
12632:John Pople
12440:Aaron Klug
12345:Paul Flory
12293:Odd Hassel
12217:Max Perutz
12098:Kurt Alder
12094:Otto Diels
11922:Carl Bosch
11136:13 October
8064:References
8032:(b. 1945)
8002:(b. 1943)
7940:(b. 1961)
7907:(b. 1941)
7877:(b. 1954)
7834:(b. 1966)
7790:(b. 1968)
7751:(b. 1968)
7719:(b. 1964)
7676:(b. 1968)
7644:(b. 1948)
7603:(b. 1941)
7533:(b. 1951)
7497:(b. 1941)
7459:(b. 1956)
7427:(b. 1945)
7386:(b. 1940)
7348:(b. 1942)
7316:(b. 1951)
7273:(b. 1942)
7235:(b. 1944)
7191:(b. 1946)
7162:(b. 1946)
7142:DNA repair
7112:(b. 1938)
7080:(b. 1953)
7039:(b. 1962)
7001:(b. 1960)
6957:(b. 1940)
6904:(b. 1947)
6854:(b. 1930)
6822:(b. 1955)
6784:(b. 1943)
6731:(b. 1941)
6699:(b. 1930)
6600:(b. 1939)
6521:(b. 1952)
6460:(b. 1947)
6381:(b. 1936)
6340:(b. 1947)
6308:(b. 1945)
6259:metathesis
6206:Irwin Rose
6180:(b. 1937)
6142:(b. 1947)
6101:(b. 1956)
6063:(b. 1949)
6060:Peter Agre
6022:(b. 1938)
5993:(b. 1959)
5911:(b. 1941)
5882:(b. 1938)
5812:(b. 1936)
5733:(b. 1936)
5531:(b. 1941)
5411:fullerenes
5109:(b. 1923)
5027:(b. 1928)
4995:(b. 1947)
4913:(b. 1948)
4884:(b. 1937)
4846:(b. 1943)
4790:(b. 1939)
4708:(b. 1929)
4667:(b. 1936)
4625:(b. 1932)
4425:Aaron Klug
4384:(b. 1937)
4272:(b. 1932)
3992:Yugoslavia
3765:molecule"
3578:Odd Hassel
2941:co-enzymes
2550:Kurt Alder
1609:Carl Bosch
1411:bile acids
286:Rationale
68:literature
13668:Economics
13663:Chemistry
13619:Economics
13614:Chemistry
13597:Clarivate
13569:by groups
13526:Economics
13521:Chemistry
13421:Brazilian
13416:Argentine
13387:Oceanian
13336:Hungarian
13312:European
13301:Pakistani
13203:Christian
13153:Economics
13148:Chemistry
13114:Laureates
13075:Economics
13070:Chemistry
12412:Paul Berg
12367:1976–2000
12108:1951–1975
12038:Otto Hahn
11869:1926–1950
11649:1901–1925
11638:Laureates
11553:6 October
11527:6 October
11497:4 October
11467:5 October
11441:7 October
11415:7 October
11389:9 October
11324:4 October
11298:5 October
11194:9 October
11162:9 October
11110:5 October
11084:6 October
11058:7 October
11032:8 October
11006:8 October
10978:6 October
10952:6 October
10926:6 October
10900:6 October
10874:6 October
10845:6 October
10816:6 October
10787:6 October
10761:6 October
10735:6 October
10706:6 October
10677:6 October
10651:6 October
10625:6 October
10599:6 October
10570:6 October
10544:6 October
10518:6 October
10492:6 October
10466:6 October
10440:6 October
10414:6 October
10388:6 October
10362:6 October
10336:6 October
10310:6 October
10284:6 October
10258:6 October
10229:6 October
10203:6 October
10177:6 October
10151:6 October
10125:6 October
10096:6 October
10070:6 October
10044:6 October
10015:6 October
9989:6 October
9963:6 October
9937:6 October
9911:6 October
9885:6 October
9859:6 October
9833:6 October
9807:6 October
9781:6 October
9755:6 October
9729:6 October
9703:6 October
9677:6 October
9651:6 October
9625:6 October
9599:6 October
9573:6 October
9547:6 October
9521:6 October
9495:6 October
9469:6 October
9443:6 October
9417:6 October
9391:6 October
9365:6 October
9336:6 October
9310:6 October
9281:6 October
9255:6 October
9229:6 October
9203:6 October
9177:6 October
9151:6 October
9125:6 October
9099:6 October
9073:6 October
9047:6 October
9021:6 October
8995:6 October
8969:6 October
8943:6 October
8917:6 October
8888:6 October
8862:6 October
8836:6 October
8810:6 October
8784:6 October
8758:6 October
8732:6 October
8706:6 October
8680:6 October
8654:6 October
8628:6 October
8541:6 October
8512:6 October
8483:6 October
8454:6 October
8425:6 October
8396:6 October
8367:6 October
8338:6 October
8309:6 October
8280:5 October
8254:7 October
8228:8 October
8201:7 October
8175:7 October
8149:7 October
8123:7 October
8100:Citations
7513:"for the
7475:"for the
6160:ubiquitin
4231:Paul Berg
3942:Australia
3625:Argentina
3325:"for his
3284:"for her
2490:"for his
2193:Otto Hahn
1915:vitamin C
1702:"for his
1068:"for the
695:catalysis
280:Laureate
196:Laureates
169:in 1945.
167:Otto Hahn
92:Stockholm
48:chemistry
13488:Nominees
13401:American
13356:Romanian
13291:Japanese
13276:Filipino
13254:Egyptian
11597:Archived
11585:Archived
11573:Archived
11547:Archived
11521:Archived
11491:Archived
11461:Archived
11435:Archived
11409:Archived
11383:Archived
11363:Archived
11343:Archived
11318:Archived
11292:Archived
11266:Archived
11240:Archived
11214:Archived
11188:Archived
11156:Archived
11130:Archived
11104:Archived
11078:Archived
11052:Archived
11026:Archived
11000:Archived
10972:Archived
10946:Archived
10920:Archived
10894:Archived
10868:Archived
10839:Archived
10810:Archived
10781:Archived
10755:Archived
10729:Archived
10700:Archived
10671:Archived
10645:Archived
10619:Archived
10593:Archived
10564:Archived
10538:Archived
10512:Archived
10486:Archived
10460:Archived
10434:Archived
10408:Archived
10382:Archived
10356:Archived
10330:Archived
10304:Archived
10278:Archived
10252:Archived
10223:Archived
10197:Archived
10171:Archived
10145:Archived
10119:Archived
10090:Archived
10064:Archived
10038:Archived
10009:Archived
9983:Archived
9957:Archived
9931:Archived
9905:Archived
9879:Archived
9853:Archived
9827:Archived
9801:Archived
9775:Archived
9749:Archived
9723:Archived
9697:Archived
9671:Archived
9645:Archived
9619:Archived
9593:Archived
9567:Archived
9541:Archived
9515:Archived
9489:Archived
9463:Archived
9437:Archived
9411:Archived
9385:Archived
9359:Archived
9330:Archived
9304:Archived
9275:Archived
9249:Archived
9223:Archived
9197:Archived
9171:Archived
9145:Archived
9119:Archived
9093:Archived
9067:Archived
9041:Archived
9015:Archived
8989:Archived
8963:Archived
8937:Archived
8911:Archived
8882:Archived
8856:Archived
8830:Archived
8804:Archived
8778:Archived
8752:Archived
8726:Archived
8700:Archived
8674:Archived
8648:Archived
8622:Archived
8604:32726312
8563:PLOS ONE
8535:Archived
8506:Archived
8477:Archived
8448:Archived
8419:Archived
8390:Archived
8361:Archived
8332:Archived
8303:Archived
8274:Archived
8222:Archived
8169:Archived
8117:Archived
8052:See also
7695:a method
6551:ribosome
2110:terpenes
2013:vitamins
1872:and the
1798:" their
1458:vitamins
1205:isotopes
1164:isotopes
808:polonium
552:fluorine
283:Country
13704:Related
13678:Physics
13624:Physics
13551:Physics
13500:Couples
13406:Mexican
13371:Swedish
13366:Spanish
13361:Russian
13346:Italian
13316:Belgian
13286:Israeli
13271:Chinese
13249:African
13193:Bengali
13168:Physics
13132:by year
13090:Physics
11640:of the
11509:Sources
11272:14 June
11220:21 June
8595:7390258
8572:Bibcode
7976:Tunisia
7889:Denmark
7763:Germany
7398:Germany
7063:Romania
7051:Germany
6878:Austria
6442:, GFP"
6393:Germany
5572:Denmark
5265:Hungary
4732:Hungary
4086:Belgium
4051:boranes
2298:enzymes
2251:Finland
2216:fission
2209:Germany
2173:tracers
2166:Hungary
2049:Germany
2002:Germany
1957:flavins
1665:Germany
1625:Germany
1578:Germany
1544:Germany
1454:sterols
1447:Germany
1404:Germany
1327:colloid
1321:Hungary
1308:Germany
1244:Austria
1116:Germany
1063:Germany
1005:Germany
731:Germany
688:Germany
592:Germany
500:Germany
366:Germany
64:physics
36:Swedish
13607:Female
13575:Peace
13535:Peace
13351:Polish
13326:German
13321:Danish
13296:Korean
13281:Indian
13223:Muslim
13213:Jewish
13208:Female
13063:Prizes
12985:2023:
12969:2022:
12957:2021:
12945:2020:
12929:2019:
12913:2018:
12897:2017:
12881:2016:
12865:2015:
12849:2014:
12833:2013:
12821:2012:
12813:2011:
12797:2010:
12781:2009:
12765:2008:
12757:2007:
12749:2006:
12733:2005:
12717:2004:
12705:2003:
12689:2002:
12673:2001:
12646:2000:
12638:1999:
12626:1998:
12610:1997:
12594:1996:
12578:1995:
12570:1994:
12558:1993:
12550:1992:
12542:1991:
12534:1990:
12522:1989:
12506:1988:
12490:1987:
12474:1986:
12462:1985:
12454:1984:
12446:1983:
12438:1982:
12426:1981:
12410:1980:
12398:1979:
12390:1978:
12382:1977:
12374:1976:
12351:1975:
12343:1974:
12331:1973:
12315:1972:
12307:1971:
12299:1970:
12287:1969:
12279:1968:
12263:1967:
12255:1966:
12247:1965:
12239:1964:
12227:1963:
12215:1962:
12207:1961:
12199:1960:
12191:1959:
12183:1958:
12175:1957:
12163:1956:
12155:1955:
12147:1954:
12139:1953:
12127:1952:
12115:1951:
12092:1950:
12084:1949:
12076:1948:
12068:1947:
12052:1946:
12044:1945:
12036:1944:
12028:1943:
11995:1939:
11987:1938:
11975:1937:
11967:1936:
11955:1935:
11947:1934:
11932:1932:
11920:1931:
11912:1930:
11900:1929:
11892:1928:
11884:1927:
11876:1926:
11848:1925:
11833:1923:
11825:1922:
11817:1921:
11809:1920:
11794:1918:
11772:1915:
11764:1914:
11756:1913:
11744:1912:
11736:1911:
11728:1910:
11720:1909:
11712:1908:
11704:1907:
11696:1906:
11688:1905:
11680:1904:
11672:1903:
11664:1902:
11656:1901:
8602:
8592:
8044:Russia
8041:
8011:
7973:
7964:France
7961:
7949:
7916:
7886:
7843:
7811:
7799:
7760:
7728:
7688:France
7685:
7653:
7624:
7612:
7574:
7542:
7506:
7468:
7436:
7407:
7395:
7325:
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