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400 million years ago. While amphibians continued to feed on fish and later insects, reptiles began exploring two new food types, other tetrapods (carnivory), and later, plants (herbivory). Carnivory was a natural transition from insectivory for medium and large tetrapods, requiring minimal
275:
The evolution of feeding is varied with some feeding strategies evolving several times in independent lineages. In terrestrial vertebrates, the earliest forms were large amphibious
1089:: appetite for largely non-nutritive substances, e.g. clay or hair, sometimes in pregnancy or in pathological states, typically a medical or veterinary concern.
638:
is a term for intermediate degrees of selectivity, referring to animals that eat a relatively small range of foods, either because of preference or necessity.
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An opportunistic feeder sustains itself from a number of different food sources, because the species is behaviourally sufficiently flexible.
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adaptation (in contrast, a complex set of adaptations was necessary for feeding on highly fibrous plant materials).
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551:: A form of food procurement in which food particles or small organisms are randomly strained from water.
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is the habit in an animal species, of eating and tolerating a relatively wide variety of foods, whereas
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Johns, Timothy: The
Origins of Human Diet and Medicine -- CHEMICAL ECOLOGY. ISBN 0-8165-1023-7, p. 5
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The specialization of organisms towards specific food sources is one of the major causes of
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Another classification refers to the specific food animals specialize in eating, such as:
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912:: the eating of both plants, animals, fungi, bacteria etc. The term means "all-eater".
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1189:"Rainforest collapse triggered Pennsylvanian tetrapod diversification in Euramerica"
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616:"Polyphagy" redirects here. For increased appetite as a medical symptom, see
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1077:: eating wood, typically a pathological condition in some domestic animals
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261:, meaning "to devour", or -phage, -phagy, or -phagous from Greek φαγεῖν (
205:
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601:: one cell pierces another using a feeding tube, and sucks out cytoplasm
435:
and other appendages, for apprehending or killing (including fingers in
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is the intolerance of every food except for one specific type (see
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There are also several unusual feeding behaviours, either normal,
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There are many modes of feeding that animals exhibit, including:
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607:: engulfing food matter into living cells, where it is digested
595:: excreting digesting enzymes and then reabsorbing the products
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Bulk feeding: obtaining nutrients by eating all of an organism.
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behaviours in which they store or hide food for later use.
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567:: obtaining nutrients by consuming other organisms' fluids
1187:
Sahney, S., Benton, M.J. & Falcon-Lang, H.J. (2010).
815:
783:
Teuthophagore: eating mainly squid and other cephalopods
559:: obtaining nutrients from particles suspended in soil
1071:: act of stealing chemical compounds for consumption
842:: eating flower tissue prior to seed coat formation
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1798:
1047:: feeding on parts of one's own body (see also
1260:
951:The eating of non-living or decaying matter:
684:
245:is the process by which organisms, typically
1220:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1101:: eating food regurgitated by another animal
446:, disguise, setting up traps for preys, etc.
507:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
322:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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582:: ingesting prey via the fluids around it.
126:Circular dendrogram of feeding behaviours
1003:: feeding on members of the same species
527:Learn how and when to remove this message
342:Learn how and when to remove this message
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1170:, the physiological behaviors of feeding
737:, or snakes eating their own skin after
442:Changes in body colour for facilitating
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1163:List of abnormal behaviours in animals
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1028:: the embryo/foetus eats sibling eggs
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792:Zooplanktonivore: eating zooplankton
505:adding citations to reliable sources
472:
320:adding citations to reliable sources
287:
257:-vore, -vory, or -vorous from Latin
253:. Terminology often uses either the
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
1065:: stealing food from another animal
13:
733:-based material, such as wool by
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1823:
1034:: the foetus eats sibling embryos
632:generalist and specialist species
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982:: eating decaying organic matter
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358:of form and function, such as:
33:needs additional citations for
453:system, such as the system of
182:, shown here having grabbed a
1:
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1123:to treat and prevent disease.
964:: eating decomposing material
806:: eating plant and/or insect
708:: eating ants and/or termites
683:: eating eggs (but also see "
996:, or pathological, such as:
385:, predatory animals such as
263:
57:"List of feeding behaviours"
7:
1146:
901:Phytoplanktonivore: eating
651:Araneophagy: eating spiders
10:
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1057:: cannibalism after mating
915:By amount of meat in diet
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1786:Category:Eating behaviors
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1158:Dinosaur diet and feeding
1153:Consumer-resource systems
1009:: the practice of eating
1240:
1017:Intrauterine cannibalism
970:: eating inorganic earth
947:: the eating of bacteria
828:: eating tree sap or gum
774:Anurophagy: eating frogs
685:Intrauterine cannibalism
648:: the eating of animals
593:Extra-cellular digestion
284:Evolutionary adaptations
1766:Antipredator adaptation
800:: the eating of plants
694:Haematophage/Sanguivore
1083:: eating young animals
941:: the eating of fungus
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208:primarily drink nectar
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933:: less than 30% meat
921:: more than 70% meat
747:: eating fish scales
587:By mode of digestion
540:By mode of ingestion
501:improve this section
316:improve this section
271:Evolutionary history
154:eating a mouse whole
42:improve this article
1781:Carnivorous protist
1635:Intraguild predator
1168:Ingestive behaviors
1069:Kleptopharmacophagy
1776:Carnivorous fungus
1426:Sexual cannibalism
1411:Animal cannibalism
1276:Feeding behaviours
1131:Storage behaviours
1055:Sexual cannibalism
1040:Filial cannibalism
396:Distinct forms of
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231:Myrmicaria brunnea
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1771:Carnivorous plant
1647:Aquatic predation
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1416:Human cannibalism
1202:(12): 1079–1082.
1095:: eating placenta
753:: eating molluscs
702:: eating insects
677:bearing organisms
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1105:Zoopharmacognosy
1063:Kleptoparasitism
1045:Self-cannibalism
988:: eating carrion
854:: eating grasses
780:: eating sponges
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1109:self-medication
958:: eating faeces
872:: eating pollen
866:: eating nectar
848:: eating fruits
836:: eating leaves
765:: eating snakes
687:" below), also
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580:suction feeding
557:Deposit feeding
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457:of herbivores,
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976:: eating bones
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919:Hypercarnivore
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860:: eating seeds
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789:: eating worms
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759:: eating mucus
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696:: eating blood
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663:: eating coral
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657:: eating birds
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1733:Mesocarnivore
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1728:Hypocarnivore
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1677:Bottom feeder
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1625:Apex predator
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1404:cannibalistic
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1390:Breastfeeding
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1385:Placentophagy
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1304:Egg predation
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1093:Placentophagy
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1007:Anthropophagy
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931:Hypocarnivore
929:
927:: 30–70% meat
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925:Mesocarnivore
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903:phytoplankton
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878:: eating wood
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771:: eating fish
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718:invertebrates
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565:Fluid feeding
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486:This section
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58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
1753:Trophallaxis
1657:Pivot feeder
1652:Lunge feeder
1630:Egg predator
1518:Phagocytosis
1368:reproductive
1339:Myrmecophagy
1329:Molluscivore
1275:
1230:
1216:cite journal
1199:
1195:
1182:
1134:
1126:
1099:Trophallaxis
991:
950:
751:Molluscivore
735:cloths moths
706:Myrmecophage
681:Egg predator
671:hard-shelled
640:
622:
612:By food type
605:Phagocytosis
543:
523:
517:October 2017
514:
499:Please help
487:
459:commensalism
431:Specialized
418:hummingbirds
375:vampire bats
353:
338:
332:October 2017
329:
314:Please help
302:
274:
258:
242:
241:
229:
206:Hummingbirds
166:eating grass
164:red kangaroo
119:
104:
98:October 2017
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
1574:Planktivore
1559:Detritivore
1554:Coprophagia
1544:Bacterivore
1539:Microbivory
1523:Myzocytosis
1482:Nectarivore
1472:Graminivore
1319:Lepidophagy
1314:Insectivore
1309:Hematophagy
1075:Lignophagia
1032:Embryophagy
1001:Cannibalism
962:Detritivore
945:Bacterivore
864:Nectarivore
852:Graminivore
804:Exudativore
745:Lepidophagy
727:Ceratophagy
723:Keratophagy
714:Invertivore
700:Insectivore
675:exoskeleton
661:Corallivore
599:Myzocytosis
576:Ram feeding
426:Kingfishers
410:woodpeckers
234:feeding on
184:leaf beetle
180:insectivore
140:hematophagy
1801:Categories
1738:Parasitism
1672:Bait balls
1662:Ram feeder
1594:Plastivore
1589:Lithotroph
1579:Saprophagy
1502:Osteophagy
1492:Palynivore
1449:Herbivores
1380:Paedophagy
1354:Spongivore
1344:Ophiophagy
1284:Carnivores
1175:References
1111:by eating
1081:Paedophagy
980:Saprophage
974:Osteophage
956:Coprophage
896:microalgae
892:macroalgae
870:Palynivore
778:Spongivore
763:Ophiophagy
636:Oligophagy
618:polyphagia
444:camouflage
365:parts and
277:piscivores
68:newspapers
1743:Scavenger
1615:Predation
1584:Xenophagy
1564:Geophagia
1549:Fungivore
1497:Xylophagy
1487:Mellivory
1467:Frugivore
1462:Florivore
1359:Vermivore
1349:Piscivore
1334:Mucophagy
1324:Man-eater
1049:autophagy
986:Scavenger
968:Geophagia
939:Fungivore
886:: eating
876:Xylophage
858:Granivore
846:Frugivore
840:Florivore
826:Gummivore
798:Herbivore
787:Vermivore
769:Piscivore
757:Mucophagy
729:: eating
716:: eating
669:: eating
667:Durophagy
646:Carnivore
628:monophagy
624:Polyphagy
488:does not
463:symbiosis
451:digestive
383:mosquitos
356:evolution
303:does not
249:, obtain
176:robberfly
1812:Ethology
1694:Browsing
1569:Omnivore
1511:Cellular
1457:Folivore
1147:See also
1137:hoarding
1026:Ovophagy
910:Omnivore
884:Algivore
834:Folivore
822:, etc.)
808:exudates
455:stomachs
437:primates
414:pelicans
255:suffixes
238:crystals
152:rosy boa
136:mosquito
1709:Grazing
1608:Methods
1395:Weaning
1375:Oophagy
1299:Avivore
1196:Geology
1141:caching
1121:insects
1022:Oophagy
739:ecdysis
731:keratin
689:Ovivore
655:Avivore
509:removed
494:sources
422:parrots
387:felines
379:leeches
324:removed
309:sources
264:phagein
247:animals
243:Feeding
82:scholar
1714:Forage
1704:Fodder
1532:Others
1119:, and
1113:plants
890:(both
428:, etc.
393:, etc.
391:fishes
371:whales
259:vorare
178:is an
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
1292:adult
1241:Notes
1192:(PDF)
1117:soils
1013:flesh
1011:human
888:algae
433:claws
406:hawks
402:birds
398:beaks
367:teeth
363:Mouth
236:sugar
218:krill
89:JSTOR
75:books
1599:Pica
1222:link
1139:and
1087:Pica
894:and
820:lerp
578:and
492:any
490:cite
461:and
389:and
307:any
305:cite
251:food
174:The
61:news
1204:doi
1024:or
816:sap
812:gum
725:or
673:or
634:).
503:by
400:in
318:by
193:An
44:by
1803::
1218:}}
1214:{{
1200:38
1198:.
1194:.
1115:,
1107::
898:)
818:,
814:,
424:,
420:,
416:,
412:,
408:,
381:,
377:,
373:,
228:A
216:A
162:A
150:A
134:A
1268:e
1261:t
1254:v
1224:)
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1051:)
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