414:. It is likely that, if there is any truth in the poem, Brude's father was Bili mac Elphine who died in 722, and that his son predeceased him in 693. There is in fact no need to posit another Beli, except to fill another gap in the generations. To take a thoroughly sceptical view of the available evidence, this suggests possibly five distinct dynasties. The first is of the later 6th century, represented by Roderc; the second of the mid-7th century, represented by Guret; the third of the late 7th century, represented by Domnall mac Auin; the fourth of the mid-8th century, represented by the descendants of Elfin; the fifth of the late 9th century, represented by Arthgal and his son, whose kingdom was probably not centred on Alclut.
337:, which have been too readily accepted at face value. Whatever else they tell us, they do not confirm that someone who was the father of a king was also a king: thus, none of the individuals listed in them can be said to be 'king of Alclut' without corroboration. Furthermore, it is not clear what the sources for these genealogies were, and to what extent they are independent and factual, or how much they relied on much the same evidence we have today; and, if they lacked information, whether they supplied it.
322:(AU). This preserves information for kings of Alclut from the mid-7th to the mid-8th century, beginning with Gure(i)t regis Alo Cluathe (AU), Domnall mac Auin (AT, AU) Bili mac Elphine (AT, AU) and Taudar mac Bile (AT), were all noted as 'kings of Alclut'. In addition to this, we have a poem preserved in the 10th-century
352:
does not specify his status, but he may plausibly have been king at Alclut. The following three individuals in the
Harleian genealogy, Eugein, Riderch and Dumnagual, are unattested elsewhere. These are repetitions of three of the most famous names in the canon, and it must be suspected that they were
385:
collection, but in the poem the victor is not named, only said to be a grandson of
Neithon (according to an emended reading of the surviving versions of the text). The poem describes this surprise attack as being launched from a fort above Strathcarron, and it seems likely that Dumyat is intended, a
398:
Britons, and that his action avenged the earlier attack by ĂedĂĄn. There is no reason to associate Ohan with Alclut, but the genealogist probably felt there was no harm in inserting such a prestigious character, and his grandfather, into the genealogy, particularly if there was a substantial gap to
399:
fill between Roderc and Guret, and he may possibly have been the father of
Domnall (although the name Ohan/Hoan/Auin/Eugein is very common). It may well be that Ohan's action led to a decline in the power of the
368:), but there is no witness for this in Patrick's own writings. Cinuit and Dumnagual hen are ancestor figures, the former bearing a truncated form of the sept name Kynwydyon (pre-form *
721:
132:
186:
120:
353:
supplied to fill a gap in the genealogical record. The insertion of Rotri between
Dumnagual and Teudubr is a modern error based on a misinterpretation of
375:
The most famous figure in the list after Roderc is Eugein map Beli, who is no doubt intended to be Ohan (AT) or Hoan (AU) a king of the
Britons who slew
364:'s Coroticus was king at Alclut (the headings added later at Armagh to the chapters of Muirchu's Life of the late 7th century give Coroticus the title
357:: s.a. CCX (754) Rotri, rex Brittonum, moritur. This Rhodri is almost certainly Rhodri Molwynog ("bald and grey") m. Idwal Iwrch, a prince of Gwynedd.
714:
486:
53:, previously a religious centre. The kingdom is also known as Cumbria after 870, and indeed may have ruled parts of the modern English region of
410:
The final puzzle is the identity of Eugein's father Beli. It is to be suspected that this individual is a ghost provoked by the poem in the
1315:
707:
372:), and are totemistic figures in the genealogy. The name Clinoch is improbable and may be a scribal error for Cliuoc, or Gliuoc.
730:
283:. It is known that Roderc (or Riderc) was a contemporary of Columba, but the date of his death, dependent on the 12th-century
690:
664:
617:
594:
467:
1325:
1320:
513:
886:
781:
1261:
492:
861:
474:
442:
648:
761:
746:
682:
656:
448:
156:
853:
228:
391:
1238:
821:
756:
738:
249:
204:
66:
49:
from the kingdom of Dublin after a four-month siege. Thereafter the centre of the kingdom moved to
1160:
1140:
946:
586:
327:
344:
note s.a. CCX+6 (c. 760) Dunnagual filius
Teudubr, who may be the son of Taudar mac Bile of the
333:
From this later period too (9th and 10th centuries) are several Welsh sources, particularly the
1251:
240:
23:
1165:
1047:
234:
796:
45:, the Brythonic name of the rock, until around 870 when the rock was captured and sacked by
1223:
989:
876:
816:
461:
436:
334:
306:
216:
174:
138:
1155:
279:, which refers to Roderc son of Tothail as reigning in the Rock of Clydeâalmost certainly
8:
400:
312:
255:
210:
162:
126:
27:
390:, who had been attacked a generation earlier by Domnall Brecc's formidable grandfather,
1228:
1217:
1206:
1191:
974:
959:
954:
826:
561:
424:
261:
168:
114:
99:
866:
699:
61:
conquered
Strathclyde. It remained a distinctive area, with different laws, using the
1196:
1170:
806:
686:
660:
636:
613:
590:
569:
222:
192:
180:
93:
1181:
1145:
1032:
1266:
1256:
969:
964:
921:
906:
901:
766:
553:
544:
454:
318:
289:
62:
1067:
427:(died 872), either the first King of Strathclyde or else the last King of Alt Clut
379:
in an ambush in
Strathcarron in 642. This battle is the subject of an awdl in the
1294:
1246:
936:
931:
916:
843:
801:
791:
609:
430:
81:
58:
1125:
1100:
1012:
1289:
1211:
1201:
1130:
1077:
979:
911:
881:
838:
811:
404:
280:
144:
38:
1115:
1095:
1090:
557:
1309:
1284:
1175:
1135:
1062:
1027:
896:
831:
786:
640:
573:
565:
395:
376:
361:
275:
1150:
1037:
1052:
1042:
539:
1002:
1276:
1186:
542:(2004). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900âc.1200".
87:
46:
1057:
926:
674:
480:
381:
268:
The sources for this king-list are problematic. The earliest source is
198:
269:
1120:
1022:
751:
1007:
681:. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland (series vol. 2). Edinburgh:
655:. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland (series vol. 1). Edinburgh:
891:
771:
31:
1110:
1105:
387:
148:
105:
54:
1085:
1017:
394:. It seems likely, therefore, that Ohan/Hoan was a king of the
997:
776:
50:
304:, compiled c. 650â750, deduced from Scottish entries in the
77:
Various authorities have suggested a king-list as follows:
606:
The Makers of
Scotland: Picts, Romans, Gaels and Vikings
489:(fl. 1054), possible King of Strathclyde or King of Alba
57:
in the 10th and 11th centuries. In the 11th century the
729:
583:
The Men of the North: The
Britons and Southern Scotland
627:
Clarkson, T (2013). "The Last King of Strathclyde".
439:, possible King of Strathclyde or King of the Picts
407:by the British under Gureit. (see now Fraser 2008)
1307:
417:
360:It was perhaps believed by the 8th century that
715:
487:MĂĄel Coluim, son of the king of the Cumbrians
483:(fl. 1018), last recorded King of Strathclyde
330:, as being the son of Bile, king of Alclut.
653:From Caledonia to Pictland, Scotland to 795
495:, became David I, King of Scotland, in 1124
722:
708:
300:The next earliest source is the so-called
477:(died 1015), possible King of Strathclyde
464:(fl. 971), possible King of Strathclyde
1308:
199:Bridei son of Beli I King of the Picts
22:concerns the kings of Alt Clut, later
703:
72:
1316:Lists of office-holders in Scotland
731:Royal houses of Britain and Ireland
514:"Kings of Alt Clut and Strathclyde"
13:
532:
14:
1337:
310:which were later copied into the
20:list of the kings of Strathclyde
679:From Pictland to Alba, 789â1070
403:and subsequent reoccupation of
30:kingdom in what is now western
506:
493:David, Prince of the Cumbrians
1:
499:
418:King of Strathclyde / Cumbria
386:hillfort associated with the
443:Dyfnwal, King of Strathclyde
7:
468:MĂĄel Coluim, son of Dyfnwal
163:Neithon / Nechtan / Nwython
37:The kingdom was ruled from
10:
1342:
683:Edinburgh University Press
657:Edinburgh University Press
335:genealogies in Harley 3859
69:, until the 12th century.
1326:Lists of British monarchs
1275:
1237:
1076:
988:
945:
852:
737:
558:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111
328:Brude, king of the Picts
90:/Dumnagual Hen (450â475)
1321:Monarchs of Strathclyde
673:
647:
626:
603:
580:
538:
1262:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
604:Clarkson, T (2012) .
297:...., is unreliable.
581:Clarkson, T (2010).
462:Rhydderch ap Dyfnwal
437:Eochaid, son of Rhun
307:Chronicle of Ireland
287:and an entry in the
608:(EPUB). Edinburgh:
585:(EPUB). Edinburgh:
516:. The History Files
346:Annals of Tigernach
313:Annals of Tigernach
877:Mann and the Isles
425:Arthgal ap Dyfnwal
295:Conthigirni obitus
111:Tutagual (490â495)
1303:
1302:
692:978-0-7486-1233-8
666:978-0-7486-1231-4
619:978-1-907909-01-6
596:978-1-907909-02-3
392:ĂedĂĄn mac GabrĂĄin
285:Life of Kentigern
183:/Gwriad (645â658)
139:Tutagual / Tudwal
117:(495â501) deposed
73:Kings of Alt Clut
1333:
1141:SĂl nĂedo SlĂĄine
1048:Ă MĂĄel Sechlainn
724:
717:
710:
701:
700:
696:
670:
644:
629:History Scotland
623:
600:
577:
545:The Innes Review
526:
525:
523:
521:
510:
475:Owain ap Dyfnwal
455:Dyfnwal ab Owain
449:Owain ap Dyfnwal
355:Annales Cambriae
350:Annales Cambriae
342:Annales Cambriae
326:which refers to
319:Annals of Ulster
290:Annales Cambriae
63:Cumbric language
1341:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1271:
1233:
1072:
984:
941:
848:
733:
728:
693:
667:
620:
610:Birlinn Limited
597:
535:
533:Further reading
530:
529:
519:
517:
512:
511:
507:
502:
431:Rhun ab Arthgal
420:
412:Life of AdomnĂĄn
324:Life of AdomnĂĄn
246:Cynan (798â816)
175:Eugein map Beli
82:Ceretic Guletic
75:
59:kingdom of Alba
12:
11:
5:
1339:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1182:UĂ Ceinnselaig
1179:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1146:Clann CholmĂĄin
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1078:Gaelic Ireland
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1033:Ă Gallchobhair
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
994:
992:
986:
985:
983:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
951:
949:
943:
942:
940:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
858:
856:
850:
849:
847:
846:
841:
836:
835:
834:
829:
824:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
743:
741:
735:
734:
727:
726:
719:
712:
704:
698:
697:
691:
671:
665:
645:
624:
618:
601:
595:
578:
552:(2): 111â180.
534:
531:
528:
527:
504:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
490:
484:
478:
471:
465:
458:
452:
446:
445:(died 908Ă915)
440:
433:
428:
419:
416:
405:Dunbartonshire
401:Cenél nGabråin
302:Iona Chronicle
281:Dumbarton Rock
266:
265:
259:
253:
247:
244:
238:
232:
226:
220:
214:
208:
202:
196:
190:
184:
178:
172:
166:
160:
154:
142:
136:
130:
124:
118:
112:
109:
103:
97:
91:
85:
74:
71:
39:Dumbarton Rock
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1338:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:Orange-Nassau
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1239:Great Britain
1236:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1202:Ă Conchobhair
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1068:Ă Conchobhair
1066:
1064:
1063:Mac Lochlainn
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
993:
991:
987:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
950:
948:
944:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
857:
855:
851:
845:
842:
840:
837:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
742:
740:
736:
732:
725:
720:
718:
713:
711:
706:
705:
702:
694:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
621:
615:
611:
607:
602:
598:
592:
588:
584:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:
541:
537:
536:
515:
509:
505:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
472:
469:
466:
463:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
434:
432:
429:
426:
422:
421:
415:
413:
408:
406:
402:
397:
396:Stirlingshire
393:
389:
384:
383:
378:
377:Domnall Brecc
373:
371:
367:
363:
362:Saint Patrick
358:
356:
351:
347:
343:
338:
336:
331:
329:
325:
321:
320:
316:(AT) and the
315:
314:
309:
308:
303:
298:
296:
292:
291:
286:
282:
278:
277:
276:Saint Columba
271:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
229:Dumnagual III
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
78:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
35:
33:
29:
25:
21:
16:
1197:Mac Carthaig
1171:UĂ DĂșnlainge
1126:UĂ Fiachrach
1053:Mac Murchada
1013:Corcu LoĂgde
871:
678:
652:
635:(6): 24â27.
632:
628:
605:
582:
549:
543:
518:. Retrieved
508:
411:
409:
380:
374:
369:
365:
359:
354:
349:
345:
341:
339:
332:
323:
317:
311:
305:
301:
299:
294:
288:
284:
273:
267:
250:Dumnagual IV
205:Dumnagual II
149:
145:Riderch Hael
76:
42:
36:
19:
17:
15:
1277:Isle of Man
1224:Ă Domhnaill
1187:Dalcassians
1161:Glendamnach
1116:DĂĄl nAraidi
1091:SĂl Conairi
887:Northumbria
872:Strathclyde
817:Plantagenet
782:Northumbria
587:John Donald
157:Constantine
88:Dyfnwal Hen
47:Norse-Gaels
24:Strathclyde
1310:Categories
1218:FitzGerald
1151:EĂłganachta
1038:Ă Domhnail
649:Fraser, JE
500:References
481:Owain Foel
470:(died 997)
457:(died 975)
382:Y Gododdin
370:Cunetiones
264:(died 872)
241:Riderch II
65:alongside
1295:Somhairle
1166:Raithlind
1131:UĂ BriĂșin
1121:Connachta
1023:Connachta
1003:DĂĄl Riata
975:Mathrafal
955:Aberffraw
937:Somhairle
827:Lancaster
797:KnĂœtlinga
641:1475-5270
574:0020-157X
566:1745-5219
451:(fl. 934)
293:an.CLX+9
243:(780â798)
237:(760â780)
235:Eugein II
231:(754â760)
225:(750â754)
219:(722â750)
213:(694â722)
207:(693â694)
201:(672â693)
177:(633â645)
171:(621â633)
165:(612â621)
153:(573â612)
141:(559â573)
135:(540â558)
129:(508â540)
123:(501â508)
108:(485â490)
102:(480â485)
96:(475â480)
84:(410â450)
28:Brythonic
1285:UĂ Ămair
1220:(Norman)
1214:(Norman)
1207:Ă Ruairc
1192:Ă Briain
1176:UĂ Ămair
1136:UĂ NĂ©ill
1058:Ă Briain
1028:UĂ NĂ©ill
902:Galloway
897:UĂ Ămair
892:Bernicia
854:Scotland
807:Normandy
787:UĂ Ămair
772:Bernicia
677:(2007).
675:Woolf, A
651:(2009).
540:Broun, D
366:Rex Aloo
274:Life of
217:Teudebur
133:Cinbelin
43:Alt Clut
32:Scotland
1267:Windsor
1257:Hanover
1229:Ă NĂ©ill
1178:(Norse)
1156:Chaisil
1111:Cruthin
1106:Osraige
1101:DĂĄirine
1043:Ă NĂ©ill
990:Ireland
970:Gwynedd
965:Dinefwr
960:Cunedda
932:Stewart
922:Balliol
907:Dunkeld
822:Angevin
752:Wuffing
739:England
388:Maeatae
270:AdomnĂĄn
262:Arthgal
258:(859â?)
256:Neithon
252:(816â?)
211:Beli II
195:(?â693)
189:(?â682)
127:Clinoch
106:Gereint
55:Cumbria
1290:Crovan
1247:Stuart
1086:Laigin
1018:Laigin
1008:Ărainn
917:Sverre
867:Ăengus
862:Fergus
844:Stuart
802:Godwin
792:Wessex
762:Sussex
747:Mercia
689:
663:
639:
616:
593:
572:
564:
520:18 May
348:. The
187:Mermin
169:Beli I
121:Domgal
100:Cinuit
67:Gaelic
1212:Burgh
1096:Ulaid
998:Ulaid
980:Tudor
947:Wales
927:Bruce
912:Moray
882:Alpin
839:Tudor
812:Blois
777:Deira
767:Essex
562:eISSN
223:Rotri
193:Elfin
181:Guret
94:Erbin
51:Govan
832:York
757:Kent
687:ISBN
661:ISBN
637:ISSN
614:ISBN
591:ISBN
570:ISSN
522:2014
340:The
26:, a
18:The
554:doi
272:'s
159:(?)
150:fl.
115:Caw
1312::
685:.
659:.
633:13
631:.
612:.
589:.
568:.
560:.
550:55
548:.
473:?
460:?
435:?
423:?
41:,
34:.
723:e
716:t
709:v
695:.
669:.
643:.
622:.
599:.
576:.
556::
524:.
147:(
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