List of monarchs of Kush

1302: 1435: 1464: 887:

must also have been a king, even if they are never attested in that role or mentioned elsewhere. Examples of such fathers of monarchs include Pisakar, Adeqetali, Teritnide, Arotnide, and Teritedakhetey, who sometimes still figure in modern reconstructed regnal lists (though most reconstructions omit them). In addition to not being directly attested as monarchs themselves, the names of these individuals do not fit with the known type of Kushite royal names, and counting them as kings ignores the prospect of succession through indirect and/or female lines, both of which are believed to have transpired. There were Kushite rulers in the Meroitic period who can be confidently established to have had non-ruling fathers.

2797: 1934: 1208: 2986: 3829:, where seven generations of post-Kushite but pre-Christian rulers are buried, has sometimes been suggested to belong to a successor state of Kush, though the burials share few ideological similarities with those of the Kushite rulers beyond the presence of silver crowns in a similar style. The existence of a unified post-Meroitic state is not universally accepted. Josefine Kuckertz, for instance, instead dates the disintegration of the kingdom to already in the middle fourth century CE, at the same time as the fall of the Meroitic dynasty. 800: 1335: 2313: 2900: 19: 2746: 2116:. This marked the final step in a more gradual transfer of political authority and wealth to Meroë and is regarded as the beginning of the Meroitic period. The change in capital should not be misinterpreted as indicating a break in historical or cultural continuity; Napata continued to function as an important religious centre and evidence suggests that Meroë had been important from very early on. It is possible that Meroë served as the residence of the Kushite kings from as early as the fifth century BCE. 899: 2665: 3231: 2933: 4691:

suggested that either Amanitaraqide or Aryesbokhe is older in age. Aryesbokhe being a later king than Amanitaraqide is supported by the style of his table, which is more consistent with a later stage of offering tables. Although Aryesbokhe is sometimes placed in the late 1st or early 2nd century CE, close to Amanitaraqide, recent palaeographical analyses support a later date for Aryesbokhe, perhaps in the second half of the 3rd century CE or the first half of the 4th century CE.

2871: 1255: 3131: 1406: 2564: 3747: 9394: 747: 2172: 1826: 2364: 2215: 2525: 1493: 3308: 3701: 3795: 1173: 3165: 3033: 3438: 3198: 906: 922: 2248: 1024:

coalesced around Napata. The original royal cemetery of Napata (El-Kurru) contains several (unnamed) burials that are earlier in age than the later Middle Napatan period, perhaps the burials of local chieftains. These have sometimes been interpreted as the burials of around five generations of kings earlier than

4629:

Mashadakhel's offering table was found in a secondary context (in the descent of the structure) in the pyramid Beg. W 113. Beg. N 32 has (without evidence) been attributed to Mashdakhel, which would make this a female ruler since a queen regnant is depicted in that tomb. Most authors assign Beg. N 32

1023:

1069 BCE. The material from Kush during this time is extremely scant. There may have been several local Kushite political units, not properly unified into a single kingdom until the beginning of the later Middle Napatan period. During the Early Napatan period, political authority in the region slowly

106:

There are no preserved Kushite lists of rulers and the regnal sequence is instead largely reconstructed based on evidence such as royal inscriptions and burials. Surviving sources are at several points scant, meaning that parts of the chronology and sequence are approximate and tentative. The list of

4700:

Beg. N 16 was rebuilt with a chapel inside the pyramid and is presumed to have been Aryesbokhe's burial place. If Aryesbokhe's offering table in Beg. N 16 is interpreted as not originally from this pyramid, his site of burial is sometimes alternatively assumed to be Beg. N 36, since that pyramid may

4232:

The pyramid Beg. N 8 is the burial site of "(...)mr(...)t" and Beg. N 9 is the burial site of "Tabirqo". Kuckertz (2021) identifies (...)mr(...)t as Adikhalamani and Tabirqo as a distinct succeeding king. Török (2015) instead identifies Tabirqo as a funerary name of Adikhalamani and (...)mr(...)t as

4015:

There are no inscriptions that identify Alara's tomb. Burial in Kur. 9 is assumed because of its topographical position. Kur. 9 is also the earliest Kushite tomb with a funerary offering table and a tomb stela, aligning with Alara's reign marking the beginning of further cultural "Egyptianization"

886:

It was in older scholarship on Kush assumed that all monarchs were direct descendants of earlier monarchs. In the case of the especially limited material available for large parts of the Meroitic period, this in cases led to the assumption that any figure mentioned as the father of a ruling monarch

4764:

and by Török (2015). The chronological position of Patrapeamani derives from the pyramid itself being from the terminal period of the Meroë cemetery. Some other authors reject the attribution and regard Beg. N 26 as the burial of an unknown queen. Kuckertz (2021) proposes that Patrapeamani was the

4597:

Amanikhedolo's offering table was found in a secondary context (built into the roof) in the pyramid Beg. W 109. The identification of Beg. N 43 as the original burial site is purely hypothetical. Török (2015) instead suggested Beg. N 32, though this is considered the burial site of a female ruler.

4181:

Aryamani is known from the stela Kawa XIV. Egyptologist M. F. Laming Macadam also assigned Kawa XV to Aryamani based on "stylistic and archaeological considerations". Kawa XV speaks of a king who ruled at least 24 years. Based on such a long reign, he has speculatively been attributed Bar. 11, the

2140:

The royal succession, sequence, and chronology of Kushite rulers is especially uncertain in the Meroitic period. By necessity this list shows only one interpretation, though noteworthy alternate ideas are featured in footnotes. Given that the throne appears to have been able to pass through male,

4690:

Pyramid Beg. N 16 yielded the offering tables of both Amanitaraqide and Aryesbokhe. This pyramid was restored (perhaps rebuilt) at a later date, possibly around the same time as Beg. N 36 was built just southeast of it. Different palaeographical] analyses of the inscriptions have contradictingly

4533:

Beg. N 32 is the tomb of a queen regnant who ruled at some point between the mid-2nd century CE and the mid-3rd century CE. The tomb was speculatively attributed to Amanikhalika, the mother of Aritenyesbokhe, in the 1950s and has been supported as such by a large number of scholars. If correct,

4388:

Amanikhabale's name is known from an fragment of a table found in pyramid Beg. N 3, which can be fitted together with fragments in Beg. N 2 and Beg. N 4, and designates his mother as Nawidemak. Beg. N 2 is generally assumed to be Amanikhabale's burial. Amanikhabale being Nawidemak's son is also

3853:

There are many Kushite pyramids in addition to those listed above, built for individuals such as consorts, princes, and high officials. Because of the size and the number of chambers, some pyramids without preserved names have been suggested to have belonged to monarchs. Some such pyramids are

3845:(south). Out of these three, Nobatia is in particular sometimes considered a small post-imperial remnant of Kush, maintaining some aspects of Kushite culture but also exhibiting Hellenistic and Roman influences. The early stage of Nobatia is conventionally associated with the Ballana cemetery. 4788:) is known only from Meroitic text on an offering table found at Beg. W 104 (likely secondarily placed there later). The name was first assigned in 1978 to the pyramid Beg. N 25, the late type of the text thought to match the very late date of the pyramid. This attribution is accepted in the 4587:

places him in the late 1st century CE based on objects in Beg. N 16. Edwards (2004) and Török (2015) likewise date Amanitaraqide to the late 1st century CE. Rilly & Voogt (2012) date him to the second half of the 2nd century CE and Kuckertz (2021) dates him to the end of the 2nd century

3857:

Whether these pyramids belong to monarchs is often disputed. Pyramids thought to belong to rulers have sometimes been reinterpreted: Beg. S 10 was once attributed to King "Bartare-(Kalkai)" but is now recognised as the tomb of a non-ruling queen consort. These additional tombs should not be

977:

Precise regnal dates are not known for any Kushite monarchs after the end of Kushite dominion over Egypt. This list thus only includes approximate timeframes, cited to modern sources. Some older sources provide precise dates for each ruler. These dates usually derive from a speculative 1923

4646:

Older sources sometimes wrongly assign Temelerdeamani to the early 2nd century CE due to a confusion over sources concerning Teqorideamani, and may in this case attribute the pyramid Beg. N 34 to him. These conclusions are no longer supported since Tamelerdeamani necessarily reigned after

4136:

The titles of Nastasen's mother suggest that Nastasen was the son of a previous king, though his father's identity is not certain. His own stela suggests dynastic ties to Harsiotef and he has sometimes been assumed to be this ruler's son, though the chronological distance could be too

4634:. Török (2015) left Mashadakhel's burial unidentified. Kuckertz (2021) proposed on account of the table having been found in the non-royal western cemetery that Mashadakhel was not a monarch at all but an official or prince/princess who adopted a royal formula on their offering table. 985:

This list includes the tomb of each monarch (in the 'burial' column) and names them using abbreviations. The abbreviations are shorthands for the different Kushite burial pyramid complexes, with the numbers indicating a particular pyramid or temple. "Kur." stands for Kurru (i.e.

3858:

interpreted as on their own indicating additional Kushite rulers. In addition to possible misinterpretation, some tombs could match rulers whose burials are 'unidentified' in the list above and some of the tentative and hypothetical attributions listed above could be wrong.

1058:'s 25th dynasty). This list includes the conventional speculative patrilineal relationships between some of the rulers; these are not accepted by all scholars and it is possible that as many as three intermarrying families were involved in the early stages of the kingdom. 2141:

female, and indirect lines, this list simply records the parents (if known) of each monarch in the 'filiation' column, without speculation on their overall relations. The use of the ♔ symbol in this column indicates that the parent of a monarch was also a monarch.

836:, that place emphasis only on their female ancestors. This is on its own generally not considered sufficient evidence for purely matrilineal succession and patrilineal relations are often assumed between rulers even when unsupported by evidence. As examples, kings 1028:, the earliest Kushite king known by name. Alara is however generally considered the founder of Kush by historians since he was referenced in the writings of later monarchs as a dynastic founder, in contexts suggesting that he also established the kingdom. 3785:

Beg. N 25 is the last known royal burial in Meroë and is assumed to mark the end of the dynasty ruling from that city. Circumstantial and indirect evidence also dates the end of Meroitic political authority to the middle decades of the fourth century CE.

4345:

Shanakdakhete's inscriptions were previously interpreted as the first instance of the Meroitic script, which would place her in the second century BCE. This date also led to identifications with the pyramid Beg. N 11 (now attributed to Nahirqo). Newer

4802:

Other than Kur. 1 (already accounted for in the list), the only unidentified pyramids at El-Kurru are from before Alara and thus considered to perhaps be from local chieftains rather than Kushite kings. There are no known pyramids at Nuri that remain

831:

No ruling Kushite queens are known from before the Meroitic period, suggesting that they may have been excluded from holding office during earlier periods. Despite this, there are numerous royal inscriptions from pre-Meroitic kings, for instance

4792:

and by Török (2015). Some other authors reject the attribution and regard Beg. N 25 as the burial of an unknown monarch. Kuckertz (2021) proposes that Amanipilade was the name of a non-royal official who adopted royal formulae on their offering

4493:

Finds in Amanikhtashan's tomb establish that she reigned at some point in the 1st or 2nd century CE. The tomb's artwork is stylistically close to artwork in Beg. N 16, which suggests that she reigned chronologically close to the owner of that

3854:

included in the list above, with tentative and hypothetical attributions put forth by researchers. Other pyramids sometimes identified as belonging to rulers are listed below. There are no unattributed royal burials from El-Kurru or Nuri.

4534:

Amanikhalika would have reigned at around the same time as Tarekeniwal and Aritenyesbokhe. Some scholars have doubted the identification, viewing Beg. N 32 as the tomb of an unknown queen who could have reigned at some other time.

4555:

Beg. N 34 does not preserve a name but its identification with Aritenyesbokhe has never been disputed. The reliefs in this pyramid are similar in type and style to those of Beg N. 19, which belongs to Aritenyesbokhe's presumed

1865:

An unknown ruler from this time is likely associated with the pyramid Kur. 1. This pyramid was never used for burial but the change in location could indicate political unrest and perhaps a royal claimant from a rival lineage.

4440:

As the heir of Natakamani and Amanitore, Shorkaror was previously interpreted as their son (with them believed to be husband and wife). The identification of Amanitore as Natakamani's mother leaves the familial relationships

4171:

Aktisanes was likely buried at Jebel Barkal since the burials at Nuri ceased after Nastasen. He was probably buried in one of the unidentified pyramids in the southern part of the cemetery, of which Bar. 14 is a hypothetical

982:, who based the dates on a handful of synchronisms with Egyptian history, used a wholly hypothetical average reign length of 15 years, and assigned longer reigns and shorter reigns based on the size and richness of burials. 1967:

Phase IV: The end of Nastasen's reign concludes the period of revival. This time is one of the least-known in Kushite history; rulers are mostly attested only in inscription fragments and the chronology is hypothetical and

4737:

Beg. N 37 dates to sometime after Beg. N 28. The late type of lettering in the inscription recording (.)p(...)niñ was used as rationale for attributing Beg. N 37 as this ruler's burial, though no other evidence links the

1849:. Had a documented reign of at least 35 years, the longest recorded reign of any Kushite ruler. The great political and geographical range of Harsiotef's recorded wars indicate a time of empire-building and expansionism. 4598:

Kuckertz (2021) proposed on account of the table having been found in the non-royal western cemetery that Amanikhedolo was not a monarch at all but an official or prince who adopted a royal formula on his offering table.

4350:

studies place Shanadakhete at "around the turn of the centuries BCE – CE, or in the first half of the first century CE". Shanadakhete ruled before or after Amanishakheto; Kuckertz (2021) places her as Amanishakheto's

1002:). "Beg. N" and "Beg. S" refer to the northern and southern cemeteries of Meroë, respectively. El-Kurru, Nuri, and Jebel Barkal are all located by the ancient city of Napata; Meroë was a different city further south. 3809:?) 'Post-Meroitic successor state' ruled a territory roughly corresponding to the Kushite kingdom for several decades after the end of the Meroitic period. Such a realm may be indicated by later burials of elites at 1516:'s 593 BCE war against Kush. The amount and quality of his monuments indicates a prosperous reign. Aspelta's name being erased in some places also suggests that he faced some unknown internal political controversy. 4774:

Beg. N 25 was identified as the burial of a queen regnant due to its reliefs being interpreted as depicting a woman. This may be an "unsafe interpretation of relief traces" though is cautiously maintained by most

815:

can be reliably reconstructed, it is impossible to determine how the system functioned in theory and when or if it was ever broken. Royal women were prominent in Kushite society, especially in the Meroitic period

103:. Egyptian culture heavily influenced Kush in terms of its royal and monumental iconography, though indigenous elements were also used and became increasingly prominent in the Meroitic period (c. 270 BCE–350 CE). 828:(inherited through female lines). Further uncertainties would exist within either system; a patrilineal system can for instance be based around successions that are mainly father→son or mainly brother→brother. 4328:

Bar. 4 does not preserve the name of the ruler buried but is the conventionally attributed pyramid of Amanirenas. This pyramid depicts a queen regnant with the Double Crown of Egypt and dates to the time of the

3019:), though both were consistently depicted together in monuments with the regalia of kings and neither is ever attested as sole ruler. Their reign appears to have been a very prosperous period. Contemporaries of 2822:

Very well documented. Likely the direct successor of Amanirenas, though the relation between them is unclear. Had a prosperous reign and oversaw considerable building projects and administrative reorganisation.

4360:

Beg. N 21 is a large tomb, speculatively attributed to Shanadakhete by Yellin (2014) and Kuckertz (2021). This tomb has in the past been suggested as belonging to other rulers, such as Teriteqas or Amanirenas.

4760:) is known only from Meroitic text on an offering table found in Beg. W 309 (secondarily placed there later). The name was first assigned to Beg. N 26 in 1978. This attribution is tentatively accepted in the 1795:

Son of Malewiebamani. Known from his tomb and several inscriptions. Amanineteyerike's royal titles are strongly associated with rule in Egypt, suggesting (unrealised) hopes of restoring Kushite rule there.

3832:

Around 420 CE, the aforementioned elites or deputies began assuming royal insignia of their own, resulting in the disintegration of the supposed successor state (if one existed) into the later kingdoms of

810:

The system of royal succession in the Kingdom of Kush is not well understood. There are no known administrative documents or histories written by the Kushites themselves; because very little of the royal

3154:

Known from his tomb and from an inscription in Meroë. Likely the direct successor of Amanikhareqerem. A skull believed to be Amanitenmemide's was found in his tomb and indicates that he died aged c. 30.

4074:

The assumption that Talakhamani (whose family is not recorded) was Malewiebamani's brother derives from Amanineteyerike recording himself as the son of Malewiebamani but the successor of Talakhamani.

4677:. The text was originally interpreted as "king Maloqorebar, child of Lakhideamani", denoting Maloqorebar as a king and Lakhideamani as a queen regnant. The second inscription at Meroë identifies " 946:

There is no universally used periodisation of Kushite history. This list uses the chronological scheme proposed by Emberling (2023), which divides Kushite history into the following four periods:

8612:

Rilly, Claude (2017), "New Light on the Royal Lineage in the Last Decades of the Meroitic Kingdom: The Inscription of the Temple of Amun at Meroe Found in 2012 by the Sudanese–Canadian Mission",

3365:

Known from an inscription on an offering table. Might have had royal descent through his mother. Chronological position uncertain and speculatively identified as the ruler buried in Beg. N 43.

1194:

Son of Kashta (?) and son-in-law of Alara. Conquered Egypt in an extensive 739 BCE military campaign, making Kashta's pharaonic claim a political reality and establishing the 'Kushite Empire' (

1102:

The earliest known Kushite ruler; in later times considered a dynastic founder. There is no contemporary evidence from Alara's reign but he is named in the funerary inscription of his daughter

4251:

Beg. N 11 was in older sources sometimes attributed to Sanakadakhete. Sanakadakhete's revised chronological position means that Beg. N 11 is instead "attributed with good reasons" to Nahirqo.

3399:

Known from an inscription on an offering table. Names of his parents suggest lack of direct royal descent. Rough chronological position can be established by the objects found in his tomb.

8838: 871:, the heir who succeeded in claiming the throne might simply have been the strongest eligible royal descendant, instead of there being a clear succession system. Some successions, such as 135: 4025:

The assumption that Kashta is buried in Kur. 8 derives from the tomb being roughly contemporary with his reign and it corresponding further to Egyptian tradition than earlier royal tombs.

4546:

Aritenyesbokhe's offering table states that he is the son of Tarekeniwal and Amanikhalika. Tarekeniwal is presumably identical with the king of the same name buried in pyramid Beg. N 19.

4728:

There is no data either for or against this identification. Beg. N 38 dates to around or after the end of the 3rd century CE, which is the basis for this ruler's chronological position.

4701:

date to around the same time as Beg. N 16 was rebuilt. In such a case, Beg. N 16 is at times identified as the burial of Amanitaraqide since his offering table was also found within it.

4515:. His offering table was found in close proximity to the pyramid. The restoration of the name in the tomb was doubted by Chapman-Dunham in 1952, though was considered likely in the 4583:

and Edwards (2004) speculatively assign Amanitaraqide the burial site Beg. N 16 (where his offering table was found). Török (2015) and Kuckertz (2021) assign him to Beg. N 36. The

3607:

Known from inscriptions. One of these is a dedication text at Philae which might place Yesebokheamani after 298 CE, when the Romans withdrew from that region. Contemporary (?) of

1325:

in 671 BCE and transferred the capital back to Napata. Recaptured Egypt but defeated again in 667 BCE. Founded a new royal cemetery in Nuri, used by later kings for c. 300 years.

769: 2133:

to indicate their new authority. Due to the high number of ruling queens in the Meroitic period, absent in earlier times, the gender of each monarch is here indicated by a

4476:

Assignment of a burial to Amanikhareqerem is purely hypothetical. Kuckertz (2021) assigns him Beg. N 16, a pyramid that was later modified into a smaller structure under

1902:

Son of Harsiotef (?). Known from his tomb and from a granite statue. The statue and the large size of his pyramid indicates that his reign was prosperous and important.

4372:

Nawidemak and Amanikhabale are variously dated to before Teriteqas, after Amanishakheto, or somewhere between the two. Objects from the late reign of Roman emperor

1054:

The Middle Napatan period began with the rule of the earliest known named Kushite monarch, Alara, and encompassed the later period of Kushite rule over Egypt (as

867:–664 BCE) periods, it is conceivable that female lines of descent were just as important as male ones for establishing legitimacy. According to the archaeologist 3426:

Known from a partial inscription on an offering table. Likely dates to the 2nd or 3rd century CE, though precise chronological position and burial site unknown.

3254:

Former wife of Tarekeniwal (?). Known from an inscription on her son Aritenyesbokhe's offering table. Tentatively identified as the ruler buried in Beg. N 32.

3221:

Known from an inscription on an offering table and his tomb. Imagery in Tarekeniwal's tomb places "unusually strong emphasis" on him as a triumphant warrior.

1776:

Phase III: Kushite rulers beginning with Amanineteyerike revive some earlier practices. Their royal titularies suggest a period of greater political ambition.

96:. The kingdom remained a powerful state in its heartland after Kushite rule in Egypt was terminated and it survived for another millennium until its collapse 4194:

Amanislo has been speculated to have been the son of Queen Sar(...)tiñ, buried in Beg. S 4, who in turn has been speculated to have been wife to Arakamani.

3501:

Younger half-brother of Teqorideamani. Known from an inscription on an offering table. Hypothetically identified as the ruler buried in pyramid Beg. N 27.

1106:(wife of Piye) and was also named as an ancestor by his successors. Piye's direct predecessor was Kashta, so Alara was likely Kashta's direct predecessor. 1358:

until 656 BCE, whereafter the Kushites completely lost control over Egypt. Last ruler to be buried at the ancestral Kushite royal cemetery in El-Kurru.

3573:

Assumed to have had royal descent through his mother. Known from an inscription on an offering table. Chronological position and burial site debated.

8776: 3663: 3461:

Known from his tomb, a graffito at Philae, and three inscriptions in Meroë. The graffito establishes that he became king in 249 CE. Contemporary of

4431:

Shorkaror's royal status has on occasion been doubted, though he is depicted with the attire and regalia of a king in the Gebel Qeili rock carving.

3271: 2065: 2034: 3331:

Known from an inscription on an offering table. Might have had royal descent through his mother. Chronological position and burial site debated.

848:

is often assumed to have been Kashta's son, though neither relation is supported by any direct evidence. Based on succession in Egypt during the

4681:

Talakhideamani" and has allowed the reading of the earlier inscription to be corrected to "the child Maloqorebar and the ruler Talakhideamani".

4451: 3707: 3348: 1627: 8510:

Studien Zum Antiken Sudan: Akten Der 7. Internationalen Tagung Für Meroitische Forschungen Vom 14. Bis 19. September 1992 in Gosen/bei Berlin

3627: 3410: 2608: 1743: 1372:

The Late Napatan period encompasses Kushite history after the loss of Egypt, for as long as Napata remained the site used for royal burials.

4118:

considers this suggestion to "remain unsubstantiated by any evidence" but also states that his throne name indicates descent from Harsiotef.

8283:

Fontes Historiae Nubiorum: Textual Sources for the History of the Middle Nile Region Between the Eighth Century BC and the Sixth Century AD

4481: 3556: 2671: 4455: 776: 1397:

Phase I: The first four kings of the Late Napatan period are well-attested and maintained much of the earlier Kushite royal practices.

3685:

Known from a partial inscription on a fragmentary offering table. Speculatively identified as the ruler buried in pyramid Beg. N 37.

3647:

Known from a partial inscription on a fragmentary offering table. Speculatively identified as the ruler buried in pyramid Beg. N 38.

2271:

Known from his tomb. Amantekha's tomb is relatively small though also important as the earliest burial in Meroë's northern cemetery.

1483:. Earliest ruler documented to have undertaken the traditional Kushite coronation journey, being crowned in Meroë, Napata, and Kawa. 3810: 3814: 1285: 9438: 9433: 1549: 4302:, known from a tomb at Meroë and sometimes considered a distinct king in earlier research, is to be identified with Teriteqas. 8769: 8744: 8723: 8702: 8681: 8660: 8602: 8581: 8539: 8497: 8442: 8359: 8271: 8250: 8194: 8173: 8152: 3011:

Very well documented. Amanitore was Natakamani's mother and they ruled together as co-regents. Only Natakamani was titled as

1957:. Known from his tomb, a stela, and several inscriptions. Continued the empire-building and militant policies of Harsiotef. 1354:. Recaptured Egypt from the Assyrians in 664 BCE, though was defeated and driven away the next year. Remained recognised in 9443: 9428: 3825:. Török suggested that these elites were non-royal deputies of a monarch residing in the south. The southern cemetery of 1434: 1321:. Had a largely peaceful and prosperous reign, overseeing several building projects in Egypt and Kush. Lost Egypt to the 2096:

Unknown descent. Known only from an inscription in Kawa which also identifies Arikepiankhiqo as his direct predecessor.

898: 4660:

and because a female regent for Maloqorebar (if this is the correct interpretation) might be expected to use the style

3539:. Securely identified as a ruler in 2017 through another inscription in Meroë. Perhaps initially regent for the prince 857: 1301: 8639: 8560: 8518: 8476: 8380: 8336: 8317: 8298: 4319:. Attributed another tomb if this ruler's identification with Teriteqas is not accepted, such as Bar. 2 (Török 2015). 1425:

under either Atlanersa or his successor, though the evidence is lacking. Began building Temple B700 in Jebel Barkal.

4418:

Natakamani and Amanitore were sometimes previously suggested to have been husband and wife. A graffito found at the

8762: 4096:

Harsiotef's father is in older sources sometimes suggested to have been Amanineteyerike, though no evidence exists.

4065:

Nu. 25 dates to around the time of Amaninatakilebte. Piankhariten is placed after Amaninatakilebte by Rose (1985).

2587:

Known from numerous inscriptions in Jebel Barkal and Meroë. The earliest known monumental inscriptions written in

561: 107:

rulers might also be incomplete given that future discoveries of additional royal names and burials are possible.

3770:

Known from an inscription on an offering table. Tentatively identified as the ruler buried in pyramid Beg. N 25.

3731:

Known from an inscription on an offering table. Tentatively identified as the ruler buried in pyramid Beg. N 26.

2855:. Previously misplaced in the chronology three centuries earlier due to a misinterpretation of her inscriptions. 1463: 8620: 1526:

Phase II: Little information is recorded from Kush during the reigns of the kings immediately following Aspelta.

8165:

The Archaeology of Late Antique Sudan: Aesthetics and Identity in the Royal X-Group Tombs at Qustul and Ballana

4406:

and traditionally dated to the late 1st century BCE, has been shown to have been the same person as Natakamani.

2509:

Known from his planned tomb, Beg. N 10. This pyramid does not preserve his name and was never used for burial.

1015:

The Early Napatan period began with Kush becoming autonomous or independent in the wake of the collapse of the

2197:

Known in Kush only from his tomb. Identified with 'Ergamenes', who appears in the work of the Greek historian

1816:

Unknown descent. Known from his tomb, the small size of which could indicate a short and insignificant reign.

1195: 1048: 93: 4272:

Beg. N 12 is assumed to be Tanyidamani's burial since it is from the generation immediately after Beg. N 11.

3085:

and a large rock carving at Gebel Qeili. Also attested as a prince in the time of Natakamani and Amanitore.

2548:

Known from an inscription and attributed objects. Earliest known female ruler. Former wife of Adikhalamani.

62:). Kushite power was centralised and unified over the course of the centuries following the collapse of the 8915: 258: 4127:

Amanibakhi is conventionally placed between Akhraten and Nastasen, though this is completely hypothetical.

2970:, as well as a broken stela from Meroë. The monuments and their distribution indicate a prosperous reign. 8890: 883:(seventh century BCE), are difficult to explain under either pure patrilineality or pure matrilineality. 233: 8900: 6014: 4607:

Now destroyed reliefs and a royal benediction formula in Beg. N 29 establish that Takideamani was male.

4216:

Virtually all scholars attribute Beg. N 53 to this king, though this has not been securely established.

2281: 243: 820:

270 BCE–350 CE). As a consequence it has long been disputed whether the Kushite succession was mainly

9398: 8973: 8573:

La langue du royaume de Méroé: un panorama de la plus ancienne culture écrite d'Afrique subsaharienne

4656:

Believed to have been a male ruler since the name is a later version of the name of the earlier king

1988:

Unknown descent. Known from a handful of inscriptions. Mentioned in the works of the Greek historian

937: 762: 751: 442: 316: 2796: 2238:

Known from his tomb and from cartouches inscribed on lion statues. Restored Palace B1200 in Napata.

8968: 4710:

There is no real basis for identification of this king's burial. Beg. N 24 has also been suggested.

311: 114: 2297:

Known from fragmentry inscriptions on a stray block in Meroë's northern cemetery. Contemporary of

9418: 4719:

Beg. N 38 is destroyed today but earlier sources indicate that it was the burial of a male ruler.

2722:

Known from Meroitic inscriptions at Dakka. The direct predecessor of Amanirenas. Contemporary of

2340:

Known from monumental buildings, some of the most impressive in Kushite history. Contemporary of

2202: 8141:

Ashby, Solange (2021). "Priestess, queen, goddess: the divine feminine in the kingdom of Kush".

2688:

Known from an inscription on an offering table found in pyramid Beg. N 13, presumably his tomb.

9423: 8963: 8920: 8880: 8855: 4330: 3802: 2112:

In third century BCE, the royal burial ground was moved from Napata to Meroë for the burial of

2052:

impressed on a gold leaf. Name type suggests reign sometime between Aktisanes and Sabrakamani.

306: 263: 223: 198: 4389:

supported by the close palaeographic relation between the inscriptions in Bar. 6 and Beg. N 2.

8935: 4151: 3536: 2408: 2392: 2345: 2341: 2298: 1766:

Younger brother of Malewiebamani (?). Known from his tomb and inscriptions by his successor.

1154: 979: 278: 1421:

Son of Taharqa (?) and Queen (...)salka (?). Kush may have faced an invasion led by Pharaoh

8905: 8468:

Die könighlichen Frauen im antiken Reich von Kusch: 25. Dynasties bis zur Zeit des Nastasen

4105:

Kur. 1 is conventionally dated between Harsiotef and Akhraten, though this is hypothetical.

2923:

Known from a statuette and from her tomb, which depicts and titles her as a queen regnant.

1933: 1016: 849: 248: 63: 1529:

The chronology is approximate and not much is known other than names and places of burial.

8: 8552:

The Double Kingdom Under Taharqo: Studies in the History of Kush and Egypt, c. 690–664 BC

4281:

The queen buried in Bar. 8 has been suggested to have been the wife of the earlier ruler

4155: 4047:

Tentative chronological position determined based on the topographical position of tombs.

2444: 2412: 1989: 1322: 1238: 1207: 4083:

Baskakeren is in older sources sometimes suggested to have been a son of Malewiebamani.

8860: 8419: 3928: 3913: 3466: 3462: 2400: 2123:(queens ruling in their own right). Queens regnant retained their earlier style (often 1552:(?), a daughter of Anlamani. Known from his tomb, a statue, and inscriptions in Meroë. 203: 4158:, this suggests a reign in the late 4th century BCE, at the latest around the time of 2985: 8740: 8719: 8698: 8677: 8656: 8635: 8598: 8577: 8556: 8535: 8514: 8493: 8472: 8438: 8411: 8376: 8355: 8332: 8313: 8294: 8282: 8267: 8246: 8190: 8169: 8148: 4242:

Attested as the wife of (...)mr(...)t, identified as Adikhalamani by Kuckertz (2021).

2404: 1334: 8715:

The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia: Pagans, Christians and Muslims Along the Middle Nile

4747:

Beg. N 26 is the burial of a female ruler, depicting a queen regnant in its reliefs.

4376:

or even later, found in Nawidemak's tomb, support them reigning after Amanishakheto.

9115: 8652:'To See a World in a Grain of Sand': Glass from Nubia and the Ancient Mediterranean 8403: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5389: 3288:

Known from an inscription on an offering table and inscriptions on loose blocks in

1616:

Unknown descent. Known from his tomb, building activity, and various inscriptions.

1607: 1289: 464: 6962: 6960: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 4114:

Akhraten is in older sources sometimes suggested to have been a son of Harsiotef.

3115:

Known from inscriptions on monuments. Possibly the direct successor of Shorkaror.

799: 9311: 9153: 8827: 8812: 8734: 8713: 8692: 8671: 8650: 8629: 8592: 8571: 8550: 8529: 8528:

Obenga, Théophile (1994). "Nubia and its relationship with Egypt (1780–700 BC)".

8508: 8487: 8466: 8432: 8370: 8349: 8261: 8240: 8184: 8163: 8142: 7394: 7392: 6443: 6441: 5204: 5202: 5200: 4419: 4403: 4159: 3997: 3712: 3098: 2588: 2396: 1786: 664: 502: 177: 159: 126: 51: 8489:

The Routledge Companion to Women and Monarchy in the Ancient Mediterranean World

5929: 5927: 4765:

name of a non-royal official who adopted royal formulae on their offering table.

4620:, the name of a deity whose cult spread in Kush in the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE. 1149:, challenging the claims of Egyptian rulers further north. Secured his daughter 9373: 9360: 9321: 9316: 9128: 7936: 7889: 7794: 7792: 7673: 6957: 6933: 5366: 3590: 3484: 3171: 3137: 1673: 1234: 825: 821: 726: 713: 674: 669: 477: 18: 8754: 8280:

Eide, Tormod; Hägg, Tomas; Holton Pierce, Richard; Török, Lászlo (1994–1998).

7961: 7959: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7934: 7932: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7916: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7809: 7807: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7772: 7757: 7718: 7661: 7563: 7561: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7506: 7389: 7163: 7034: 6438: 6380: 5197: 2312: 9412: 9365: 9355: 9339: 9281: 9276: 9143: 9074: 9034: 8837: 8415: 8026: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7651: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7603: 7601: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7533: 7447: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7428: 7426: 7424: 7422: 7409: 7407: 7379: 7377: 7375: 7373: 7371: 7322: 7320: 7307: 7305: 7292: 7290: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7197: 7195: 7182: 7180: 7178: 7153: 7151: 7111: 7109: 7084: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7012: 7010: 7008: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6894: 6892: 6807: 6805: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6762: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6696: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6370: 6368: 6053: 6002: 5924: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5036: 4477: 3518: 3444: 3314: 2834: 2803: 2745: 2723: 2198: 2134: 2120: 1733: 1441: 1084: 1055: 1044: 1025: 959: 868: 837: 718: 708: 692: 634: 629: 492: 419: 379: 134: 73: 35: 22:

Statues of several Kushite rulers from the 7th century BCE, exhibited in the

8453: 8239:

Eder, Walter; Renger, Johannes; Henkelman, Wouter; Chenault, Robert (2007).

6328: 6326: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6174: 6172: 6159: 6157: 6144: 6142: 6129: 6127: 6114: 6112: 6031: 6029: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5016: 3473:, in Rome. His pyramid is the youngest securely attributed Kushite pyramid. 2899: 9331: 9291: 9240: 8802: 7946: 7913: 7901: 7837: 7804: 7769: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4631: 4570:

Established as male by the royal benediction formula of his offering table.

4347: 3237: 3082: 2939: 2626: 2426: 2119:

From the 2nd century BCE onwards, Kush is noteworthy for a large number of

1318: 995: 684: 644: 593: 23: 8531:

History of Humanity: From the third millennium to the seventh century B.C.

8486:

Lohwasser, Angelika (2020). "The Role and Status of Royal Women in Kush".

8351:

The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East: Volume IV: the Age of Assyria

8230:

Volume III: Decorated Chapels of the Meroitic Pyramids at Meroë and Barkal

7868: 7730: 7640: 7598: 7530: 7438: 7419: 7404: 7368: 7356: 7344: 7332: 7317: 7302: 7287: 7275: 7219: 7207: 7192: 7175: 7148: 7136: 7106: 7094: 7073: 7005: 6945: 6916: 6904: 6889: 6877: 6844: 6832: 6802: 6790: 6778: 6759: 6742: 6706: 6687: 6670: 6489: 6472: 6453: 6426: 6409: 6392: 6365: 4467:

A Meroitic inscription places Amanikhariqerem as reigning around 80/90 CE.

2664: 1254: 9381: 9347: 9326: 9255: 9230: 9199: 9148: 9100: 8327:

Eide, Tormod; Hägg, Tomas; Holton Pierce, Richard; Török, László (1998).

8308:

Eide, Tormod; Hägg, Tomas; Holton Pierce, Richard; Török, László (1996).

8289:

Eide, Tormod; Hägg, Tomas; Holton Pierce, Richard; Török, László (1994).

6323: 6285: 6249: 6237: 6225: 6213: 6184: 6169: 6154: 6139: 6124: 6109: 6041: 6026: 5990: 5900: 5881: 5845: 5833: 5814: 5274: 5214: 5013: 4657: 4282: 3753: 3540: 3382: 3230: 3204: 2963: 2959: 2932: 2570: 2319: 2087: 1922:

Unknown descent. Known from a stela and an offering table found in Nuri.

1757: 1573: 1539: 1355: 1150: 1139: 734: 700: 679: 608: 583: 548: 497: 449: 4833: 2137:(♀ or ♂). In cases where the gender is unknown, no symbol is included. 9296: 9271: 9173: 9158: 8423: 8391: 4399: 4147: 3608: 3307: 2992: 2870: 2752: 1913: 1807: 1576:(?). Known from his tomb, building activity, and various inscriptions. 1513: 1281: 1277: 966:(after the loss of Egypt while royal burials continued at Napata), and 649: 624: 522: 507: 8733:

Yellin, Janice W. (2020). "Prolegomena to the Study of Meroitic Art".

8186:

Powerful Women in the Ancient World: Perception and (Self)Presentation

3898:

A smaller king's pyramid (?) from Phase IV of the Late Napatan period

3887:

A smaller king's pyramid (?) from Phase IV of the Late Napatan period

3700: 3130: 2890:

Known from a tomb dated to this time, which does not preserve a name.

2655:

Known from a tomb dated to this time, which does not preserve a name.

1405: 9306: 9301: 9286: 9266: 9225: 9215: 9183: 9163: 9123: 9105: 9069: 9064: 8925: 8885: 8507:

Morkot, Robert (1999). "Kingship and Kinship in the Empire of Kush".

6551: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6541: 3822: 3746: 3470: 3064: 3039: 2906: 2705: 2563: 2254: 2178: 2129:) when becoming rulers, though they also adopted the kingly title of 2113: 2049: 1979: 1846: 1832: 1653: 1637: 1563: 1451: 1422: 1412: 1341: 1242: 880: 876: 812: 659: 654: 639: 619: 578: 568: 532: 512: 472: 454: 414: 409: 268: 228: 72:, leading to the eventual establishment of the Kingdom of Kush under 27: 8407: 54:(8th century BCE – 4th century CE), a major civilization in ancient 9235: 9220: 9188: 9178: 9168: 9138: 9133: 9110: 9079: 9049: 9013: 8992: 8984: 8953: 8930: 8895: 4373: 2778: 2727: 2370: 2221: 2171: 2009: 1940: 1883: 1825: 1713: 1693: 1587: 1470: 1230: 1214: 987: 588: 573: 537: 527: 517: 487: 482: 459: 424: 394: 356: 335: 327: 296: 273: 238: 43: 8673:

The Kingdom of Kush: Handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic Civilization

6538: 4056:

Piankhariten is omitted in several recent lists of Kushite rulers.

3794: 3289: 2363: 2214: 2074:

Unknown descent. Known only from an inscription by his successor.

1512:. Younger brother of Anlamani. Likely king at the time of Pharaoh 999: 971: 928: 804: 9250: 9245: 9084: 9059: 9054: 9026: 9005: 8945: 8910: 8822: 8807: 7588: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7580: 7578: 7576: 4263:

Tanyidamani was the son of the queen regnant buried in Beg. N 11.

4207:(Shesepankhenamen Setepenre); his personal name is not preserved. 3838: 3834: 3826: 3806: 3164: 3032: 2531: 2524: 2466: 2125: 1509: 1499: 1492: 1480: 1351: 1308: 1261: 1146: 1040: 872: 833: 603: 598: 429: 404: 399: 348: 288: 253: 169: 154: 39: 31: 8691:

van Dijk, J (2007). "Retainer Sacrifice in Egypt and in Nubia".

5356: 5354: 5352: 4821: 3437: 1702:

Unknown descent. Known from his tomb and inscriptions in Meroë.

1662:

Unknown descent. Known from his tomb and inscriptions in Meroë.

9039: 9000: 8958: 8875: 6343: 6341: 4647:

Teqorideamani, who is known to have been in office in the 250s.

3842: 3818: 1954: 1123: 1103: 951: 912: 841: 384: 372: 343: 301: 218: 7573: 3197: 1172: 8940: 8870: 8847: 8817: 8348:

Emberling, Geoff (2023). "Kush under the Dynasty of Napata".

8242:

Chronologies of the Ancient World: Names, Dates and Dynasties

7126: 7124: 6822: 6820: 6201: 5349: 2781:

in Rome; successfully defended Kush against Roman expansion.

1233:

or maybe a brother of Piye. Moved the capital from Napata to

283: 213: 191: 164: 59: 55: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8047: 8045: 8043: 8041: 6511: 6509: 6338: 5746: 5734: 5303: 5262: 2247: 9044: 8865: 8238: 8144:

The Routledge Companion to Black Women's Cultural Histories

7708: 7607: 7265: 7263: 7261: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6070: 6068: 5792: 5790: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5662: 5660: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5462: 4458:, both of whom likely predeceased Natakamani and Amanitore. 4182:

largest pyramid of Jebel Barkal in the time after Nastasen.

3543:, who is not attested to have ever ruled in his own right. 3020: 2967: 2852: 2761:

End of the 1st century BCE–beginning of the 1st century CE

1179: 991: 845: 389: 208: 8326: 8307: 8288: 7965: 7940: 7907: 7895: 7883: 7858: 7856: 7854: 7852: 7843: 7819: 7798: 7763: 7751: 7724: 7706: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7679: 7667: 7655: 7567: 7518: 7512: 7451: 7432: 7413: 7398: 7383: 7362: 7350: 7338: 7326: 7311: 7296: 7281: 7259: 7257: 7255: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7241: 7232: 7213: 7201: 7186: 7169: 7157: 7142: 7121: 7115: 7100: 7088: 7063: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7040: 7016: 6966: 6951: 6939: 6927: 6910: 6898: 6883: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6859: 6850: 6838: 6817: 6811: 6796: 6784: 6772: 6753: 6717: 6700: 6681: 6660: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6500: 6483: 6466: 6447: 6432: 6420: 6403: 6386: 6374: 6332: 6298: 6260: 6243: 6231: 6219: 6195: 6178: 6163: 6148: 6133: 6118: 6059: 6047: 6035: 6020: 6008: 5996: 5933: 5906: 5894: 5851: 5839: 5827: 5285: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5229: 5208: 5187: 5185: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5048: 4850: 8038: 7618: 7616: 7496: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7480: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6528: 6526: 6524: 6506: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5001: 4989: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4422:

strongly suggests that Amanitore was Natakamani's mother.

4087:

considers this suggestion to be "without any foundation".

8120: 8118: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8014: 8002: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7460: 6995: 6993: 6991: 6989: 6987: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6353: 6266: 6065: 5978: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5912: 5857: 5787: 5770: 5758: 5722: 5710: 5657: 5645: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5594: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5459: 5339: 5337: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5097: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4566: 4564: 4562: 3146:

End of the 1st century–first half of the 2nd century CE

8068: 8066: 7849: 7685: 7238: 7046: 7022: 6972: 6856: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6307: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5700: 5698: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5572: 5570: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5291: 5235: 5182: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4873: 4871: 4294:

Per Yellin (2015) and Kuckertz (2021), the Horus name

1276:

Son of Shebitku (?). Established full control over the

1138:

Brother of Alara (?). Established Kushite control over

7613: 6573: 6561: 6521: 6099: 6097: 6095: 5054: 4384: 4382: 2625:

Known only from an inscription on a rock, dated using

1031: 1010: 8107: 8095: 8078: 7990: 7971: 7825: 7628: 7457: 6984: 6723: 5618: 5582: 5548: 5517: 5480: 5334: 5315: 5109: 4977: 4936: 4883: 4559: 1893: 8063: 6304: 5939: 5869: 5802: 5695: 5672: 5606: 5567: 5536: 5492: 5435: 4924: 4912: 4895: 4868: 3599:

End of the 3rd/first half of the 4th century CE (?)

3565:

End of the 3rd/first half of the 4th century CE (?)

3527:

End of the 3rd/first half of the 4th century CE (?)

1367: 50:

The monarchs of Kush were the rulers of the ancient

8310:

Vol. II: From the Mid-Fifth to the First Century BC

8291:

Vol. I: From the Eighth to the Mid-Fifth Century BC

6092: 6080: 4856: 4379: 2443:Known from inscriptions at Philae. Contemporary of 2107: 2018:Unknown descent. Known from a stela found in Kawa. 92:–656 BCE, when the Kushite kings also ruled as the 2773:under Teriteqas (perhaps her husband) and then as 1640:on objects in Nu. 25 (burial of a queen consort). 8232:. The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts. 8223:. The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts. 5447: 3942:Pyramid of a ruler (?) post-dating Teqorideamani 3535:Once known only from an enigmatic inscription at 2851:Known from inscriptions on a temple she built in 2647:End of the 2nd–first half of the 1st century BCE 2617:End of the 2nd–first half of the 1st century BCE 9410: 8631:The Sons of Re: Cartouches of the Kings of Egypt 8329:Vol. III: From the First to the Sixth Century AD 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4031: 8784: 4190: 4188: 950:(coalescence of Kushite political authority in 8182: 7592: 6555: 4642: 4640: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4222: 8770: 8183:Droa-Krupe, Kerstin; Fink, Sebastian (2021). 6023:, pp. 292, 293, 296, 299, 300, 301, 302. 4542: 4540: 4028: 3848: 770: 8263:The Nubian Past: An Archaeology of the Sudan 4414: 4412: 4341: 4339: 4185: 3798:Map of the later Christian kingdoms in Nubia 1237:. Entered into trade and diplomacy with the 962:to the end of Kushite dominion over Egypt), 844:are often assumed to have been brothers and 8392:"The Later Phases of Meroïtic Civilization" 4637: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4450:Shorkaror was preceded as intended heir by 4368: 4366: 4259: 4257: 4219: 3789: 794: 8777: 8763: 8590: 5360: 4591: 4537: 3972:Late 2nd century/early 3rd century CE (?) 3950:Late 2nd century/early 3rd century CE (?) 2769:Known from four inscriptions. Attested as 2048:Unknown descent. Known from a fragmentary 890: 777: 763: 8485: 8464: 8347: 8057: 6515: 6359: 6347: 6279: 6207: 6074: 5984: 5918: 5863: 5796: 5781: 5764: 5752: 5740: 5728: 5716: 5666: 5651: 5600: 5474: 5309: 5297: 5268: 5256: 4827: 4573: 4409: 4336: 1845:Son of one of his predecessors and Queen 1280:; defeated the delta-based rival Pharaoh 8690: 8648: 8594:The Meroitic Language and Writing System 8451: 8020: 8008: 7862: 7712: 7524: 7269: 7130: 7067: 7028: 6978: 6871: 6826: 6664: 5176: 4971: 4522: 4402:", a ruler mentioned in graffiti at the 4363: 4254: 4154:in Egypt. Along with being mentioned by 3793: 2391:Known from his tomb and inscriptions at 798: 17: 8430: 8389: 8368: 8259: 8227: 8124: 8089: 6532: 5639: 5530: 5429: 5343: 5191: 5091: 4889: 2948:First half of the first century CE (?) 2915:First half of the first century CE (?) 1919:Second half of the 4th century BCE (?) 1633:Second half of the 6th century BCE (?) 9411: 8732: 8711: 8591:Rilly, Claude; Voogt, Alex de (2012). 8527: 8506: 8218: 8209: 8072: 7996: 7622: 6567: 6103: 5588: 5561: 5486: 5328: 5007: 4995: 4983: 4930: 4918: 4906: 4877: 3246:Second half of the 2nd century CE (?) 1722:Unknown descent. Known from his tomb. 1682:Unknown descent. Known from his tomb. 1596:Unknown descent. Known from his tomb. 1545:Second quarter of the 6th century BCE 941:Locations of Napata and Meroë in Sudan 8758: 8669: 8611: 8569: 8140: 8101: 7984: 7831: 7634: 7500: 6999: 6736: 6317: 5972: 5875: 5808: 5704: 5689: 5612: 5576: 5542: 5511: 5453: 5441: 5103: 4862: 3416:First half of the 3rd century CE (?) 3357:First half of the 3rd century CE (?) 58:(roughly corresponding to modern-day 8736:The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia 8694:The Strange World of Human Sacrifice 8627: 8621:"The Amun Temple at Meroe Revisited" 8548: 8161: 8032: 6086: 3927:Burial of a ruler (?). Destroyed by 1286:Sennacherib's campaign in the Levant 998:, and "Beg." stands for Begrawiyah ( 8396:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 8372:A Companion to Ancient Egyptian Art 4616:Mashadakhel's contains the element 4519:(1998) and has been accepted since. 3912:Burial of a king (?). Destroyed by 2882:First half of the first century CE 2579:Second half of the 2nd century BCE 2289:Second half of the 3rd century BCE 2263:Second half of the 3rd century BCE 1792:Second half of the 5th century BCE 1763:Second half of the 5th century BCE 1659:Second half of the 6th century BCE 1613:Second half of the 6th century BCE 1508:Son of Senkamanisken (?) and Queen 1479:Son of Senkamanisken (?) and Queen 1447:Second half of the 7th century BCE 1418:Second half of the 7th century BCE 1032:Middle Napatan period (780–656 BCE) 1011:Early Napatan period (1069–780 BCE) 1005: 85:Kush reached the apex of its power 13: 8471:(in German). Harrassowitz Verlag. 4503:Tomb Beg. N 19 preserves the name 3924:Second half of the 2nd century CE 3493:Second half of the 3rd century CE 3453:Second half of the 3rd century CE 3280:Second half of the 2nd century CE 3213:Second half of the 2nd century CE 3073:Second half of the 1st century CE 2680:First half of the 1st century BCE 2475:First half of the 2nd century BCE 2435:First half of the 2nd century BCE 2328:Second half of the 3rd century BCE 2093:First half of the 3rd century BCE 1889:Second half of the 4th century BCE 1719:First half of the 5th century BCE 1569:First half of the 6th century BCE 1284:. Intervened in the Assyrian king 1145:760 BCE and proclaimed himself as 824:(inherited through male lines) or 14: 9455: 4630:either to an unknown queen or to 3675:First half of the 4th century CE 3639:First half of the 4th century CE 3391:First half of the 3rd century CE 2843:First half of the 1st century CE 1946:Last third of the 4th century BCE 1454:. Finished building Temple B700. 1368:Late Napatan period (656–270 BCE) 9393: 9392: 8836: 4796: 4778: 4768: 4750: 4741: 4731: 4722: 4713: 4704: 4694: 4684: 4667: 4650: 4623: 4610: 4601: 4549: 4497: 4487: 4470: 4461: 4444: 4434: 4425: 4392: 4354: 4322: 4305: 4288: 4275: 4266: 4245: 4236: 4210: 4197: 4175: 4165: 4140: 4130: 4121: 4108: 3939:After the middle 3rd century CE 3745: 3699: 3436: 3306: 3229: 3196: 3163: 3129: 3031: 2984: 2931: 2898: 2869: 2795: 2744: 2663: 2562: 2523: 2362: 2311: 2246: 2213: 2170: 2108:Meroitic period (270 BCE–350 CE) 1932: 1824: 1491: 1462: 1433: 1404: 1333: 1300: 1253: 1206: 1171: 920: 904: 897: 746: 745: 133: 8458:UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology 8133: 8035:, Approaches to Nubian Remains. 5432:, Chronology of Kushite Rulers. 4099: 4090: 4077: 4068: 4059: 4050: 4019: 4009: 3895:Late 4th/early 3rd century BCE 3884:Late 4th/early 3rd century BCE 3081:Known from two inscriptions in 2381:Late 3rd–early 2nd century BCE 2071:Late 4th/early 3rd century BCE 2045:Late 4th/early 3rd century BCE 2015:Late 4th/early 3rd century BCE 1953:Son of Harsiotef (?) and Queen 1572:Son of Armatleqo (?) and Queen 1450:Son of Atlanersa (?) and Queen 1288:in 701 BCE, on the side of the 1229:Possibly son of Piye and Queen 789: 8597:. Cambridge University Press. 4675:tdḫe Mloqorebr qoresel Lḫidmni 3323:End of the 2nd century CE (?) 2629:to around Tanyidamani's time. 2591:are from Tanyidamani's reign. 2189:c. 270–middle 3rd century BCE 1742:Son of Nasakhma (?) and Queen 1593:Middle of the 6th century BCE 905: 1: 9439:4th-century disestablishments 9434:8th-century BC establishments 4810: 3805:hypothesised that a unified ( 3723:First half of 4th century CE 2958:Known from inscriptions from 1548:Son of Aspelta (?) and Queen 1267: 1220: 1196:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt 1185: 1142: 1129: 1090: 1020: 921: 861: 853: 817: 97: 94:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt 86: 76: 66: 8649:Spedding, Juliet V. (2023). 8465:Lohwasser, Angelika (2001). 8369:Hartwig, Melinda K. (2014). 8228:Chapman, Suzanne E. (1952). 8205:The Royal Cemeteries of Kush 4815: 4203:This king's throne name was 2407:from Egypt. Contemporary of 1636:Unknown descent. Known from 46:, and Senkamanisken (again). 7: 9444:Ancient Egypt-related lists 9429:Lists of monarchs in Africa 8785:Kushite monarchs and rulers 8739:. Oxford University Press. 8452:Kuckertz, Josefine (2021). 8354:. Oxford University Press. 8214:. Harvard University Press. 4233:a distinct succeeding king. 3992: 2582:Adikhalamani (father ♔) (?) 1862:Middle 4th century BCE (?) 10: 9460: 8390:Haycock, Bryan G. (1967). 8260:Edwards, David N. (2004). 8203:Dunham, Dows (1950–1955). 7593:Droa-Krupe & Fink 2021 6556:Droa-Krupe & Fink 2021 3849:Unattributed royal burials 3180:Middle 2nd century CE (?) 3107:End of the 1st century CE 2384:Arnekhamani (father ♔) (?) 1746:(?). Known from his tomb. 803:Kushite royal pyramids in 9390: 9208: 9093: 9025: 8845: 8834: 8790: 8712:Welsby, Derek A. (2002). 4790:Fontes Historiae Nubiorum 4762:Fontes Historiae Nubiorum 4585:Fontes Historiae Nubiorum 4581:Fontes Historiae Nubiorum 4517:Fontes Historiae Nubiorum 4116:Fontes Historiae Nubiorum 4085:Fontes Historiae Nubiorum 3902: 3877: 3570:Wlamni(..)ptide (mother) 3010: 2955:Nawidemak (mother ♔) (?) 2235:Sar(...)tiñ (mother) (?) 1964: 1773: 1523: 1394: 1350:Son of Shabaka and Queen 8718:. British Museum Press. 8549:Pope, Jeremy W. (2014). 8434:Kenana Handbook Of Sudan 8331:. University of Bergen. 8312:. University of Bergen. 8293:. University of Bergen. 8162:Dann, Rachel J. (2009). 4002: 3983:Late 3rd century CE (?) 3790:Successor states of Kush 3285:Amanikhalika (mother ♔) 2233:Arakamani (father ♔) (?) 795:Royal succession in Kush 8623:by Krzysztof Grzymski). 8619:: 144–147 (appendix to 8576:(in French). Champion. 8513:. Harrassowitz Verlag. 8431:Hopkins, Peter (2014). 4756:The name Patrapeamani ( 4673:This inscription reads 4205:Šsp-ˋnḫ-n-ʾImn Stp.n-Rˋ 4016:of the Kushite dynasty. 3283:Tarekeniwal (father ♔?) 2584:Nahirqo (mother ♔) (?) 2540:Middle 2nd century BCE 2230:Middle 3rd century BCE 1739:Middle 5th century BCE 891:List format and content 8697:. Peeters Publishers. 8670:Török, László (2015). 8570:Rilly, Claude (2007). 5361:Rilly & Voogt 2012 4784:The name Amanipilade ( 4331:Julio-Claudian dynasty 3799: 3762:Middle 4th century CE 3048:Middle 1st century CE 3001:Middle 1st century CE 2819:Ar(...)tḫwit (mother) 1699:Early 5th century BCE 1505:Early 6th century BCE 1317:Son of Piye and Queen 807: 47: 26:. From left to right: 8219:Dunham, Dows (1955). 8210:Dunham, Dows (1950). 4146:Aktisanes copied the 3986:Burial of a king (?) 3975:Burial of a king (?) 3964:Burial of a king (?) 3953:Burial of a king (?) 3797: 3362:Amanipiteke (mother) 3328:Amankhadoke (mother) 3188:Known from her tomb. 3008:Amanitore (mother ♔) 2812:Early 1st century CE 2714:Late 1st century BCE 2483:Known from his tomb. 1985:Late 4th century BCE 1838:Early 4th century BCE 1813:Late 5th century BCE 1679:Late 6th century BCE 1476:Late 7th century BCE 1387:Succession and notes 1073:Succession and notes 980:George Andrew Reisner 802: 38:, Tantamani (again), 21: 8906:Amenhotep called Huy 7898:, pp. 912, 914. 7682:, pp. 912, 953. 6969:, pp. 715, 718. 6210:, pp. 133, 140. 5211:, pp. 953, 998. 3568:Teritebḫtey (father) 3456:Teritni(d)e (father) 1017:New Kingdom of Egypt 994:, "Bar." stands for 990:) ,"Nu." stands for 938:class=notpageimage| 249:Amenhotep called Huy 64:New Kingdom of Egypt 8628:Rose, John (1985). 7766:, pp. 997–998. 7727:, pp. 954–955. 7670:, pp. 938–939. 7515:, pp. 935–936. 7401:, pp. 914–915. 7172:, pp. 801–802. 7043:, pp. 718–719. 6942:, p. 686, 715. 6558:, pp. 308–316. 6450:, pp. 511–512. 6389:, pp. 464–465. 6350:, pp. 142–143. 6062:, pp. 293–294. 6011:, pp. 291–292. 5936:, pp. 230–231. 5755:, pp. 128–129. 5743:, pp. 126–127. 5363:, pp. 187–188. 5312:, pp. 107–109. 5271:, pp. 98, 110. 5106:, pp. 200–206. 5010:, pp. 193–194. 4998:, pp. 208–209. 4156:Hecataeus of Abdera 3961:3rd century CE (?) 3498:Arqtñmaks (mother) 3465:, and perhaps also 3458:Arqtñmaks (mother) 3360:Akedḫetiwl (father) 1990:Hecataeus of Abdera 1097:(traditional dates) 856:1550–1069 BCE) and 8212:Volume I: El Kurru 3929:E. A. Wallis Budge 3914:E. A. Wallis Budge 3800: 3728:(...)tli (mother) 3463:Trebonianus Gallus 3419:A(...)ble (father) 3396:Nptdḫeto (mother) 2777:. Contemporary of 2201:. Contemporary of 1347:664–after 656 BCE 1155:God's Wife of Amun 1153:'s appointment as 970:(royal burials at 858:Third Intermediate 808: 48: 9406: 9405: 8746:978-0-19-049627-2 8725:978-0-7141-1947-2 8704:978-90-429-1843-6 8683:978-90-04-29401-1 8662:978-1-80327-450-8 8604:978-1-107-00866-3 8583:978-2-7453-1582-3 8541:978-92-3-102811-3 8499:978-0-429-78398-2 8454:"Meroe and Egypt" 8444:978-1-136-77526-0 8361:978-0-19-068763-2 8273:978-1-134-20087-0 8252:978-90-04-15320-2 8196:978-3-96327-139-7 8175:978-1-62196-810-8 8168:. Cambria Press. 8154:978-0-429-51672-6 7527:, pp. 6, 17. 7133:, pp. 5, 16. 6829:, pp. 5, 11. 4152:Philip Arrhidaeus 3990: 3989: 3783: 3782: 3779: 3767:Mkeḫñye (mother) 3759: 3740: 3720: 3694: 3682: 3656: 3644: 3636: 3620: 3604: 3596: 3582: 3562: 3548: 3532: 3524: 3510: 3496:Arotnide (father) 3490: 3450: 3431: 3423: 3394:Adeqetli (father) 3388: 3374: 3354: 3340: 3320: 3301: 3277: 3263: 3251: 3243: 3218: 3210: 3185: 3177: 3151: 3143: 3124: 3112: 3104: 3090: 3078: 3070: 3053: 3045: 3015:(Amanitore being 3006: 2998: 2979: 2953: 2945: 2920: 2912: 2887: 2879: 2864: 2848: 2840: 2817: 2809: 2790: 2766: 2758: 2739: 2719: 2711: 2697: 2685: 2677: 2652: 2644: 2634: 2622: 2614: 2600: 2576: 2557: 2545: 2537: 2518: 2506: 2498: 2480: 2472: 2458: 2440: 2432: 2405:Triakontaschoinos 2388: 2378: 2357: 2337: 2332: 2325: 2306: 2294: 2286: 2268: 2260: 2227: 2194: 2186: 2153: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2079: 2057: 2027: 2001: 1971: 1950: 1927: 1899: 1896: 1875: 1842: 1778: 1645: 1530: 1527: 1399: 1365: 1364: 1166: 1115: 1099: 787: 786: 9451: 9396: 9395: 9116:Amaninatakilebte 8840: 8779: 8772: 8765: 8756: 8755: 8750: 8729: 8708: 8687: 8666: 8655:. Archaeopress. 8645: 8624: 8608: 8587: 8566: 8545: 8524: 8503: 8482: 8461: 8448: 8427: 8386: 8365: 8342: 8323: 8304: 8277: 8256: 8233: 8224: 8215: 8200: 8179: 8158: 8128: 8122: 8105: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8076: 8070: 8061: 8055: 8036: 8030: 8024: 8018: 8012: 8006: 8000: 7994: 7988: 7982: 7969: 7966:Eide et al. 1998 7963: 7944: 7941:Eide et al. 1998 7938: 7911: 7908:Eide et al. 1998 7905: 7899: 7896:Eide et al. 1998 7893: 7887: 7884:Eide et al. 1998 7881: 7866: 7860: 7847: 7844:Eide et al. 1998 7841: 7835: 7829: 7823: 7820:Eide et al. 1998 7817: 7802: 7799:Eide et al. 1998 7796: 7767: 7764:Eide et al. 1998 7761: 7755: 7752:Eide et al. 1998 7749: 7728: 7725:Eide et al. 1998 7722: 7716: 7710: 7683: 7680:Eide et al. 1998 7677: 7671: 7668:Eide et al. 1998 7665: 7659: 7656:Eide et al. 1998 7653: 7638: 7632: 7626: 7620: 7611: 7608:Eder et al. 2007 7605: 7596: 7590: 7571: 7568:Eide et al. 1998 7565: 7528: 7522: 7516: 7513:Eide et al. 1998 7510: 7504: 7498: 7455: 7452:Eide et al. 1998 7449: 7436: 7433:Eide et al. 1998 7430: 7417: 7414:Eide et al. 1998 7411: 7402: 7399:Eide et al. 1998 7396: 7387: 7384:Eide et al. 1998 7381: 7366: 7363:Eide et al. 1998 7360: 7354: 7351:Eide et al. 1998 7348: 7342: 7339:Eide et al. 1998 7336: 7330: 7327:Eide et al. 1998 7324: 7315: 7312:Eide et al. 1998 7309: 7300: 7297:Eide et al. 1998 7294: 7285: 7282:Eide et al. 1998 7279: 7273: 7267: 7236: 7233:Eide et al. 1998 7230: 7217: 7214:Eide et al. 1998 7211: 7205: 7202:Eide et al. 1996 7199: 7190: 7187:Eide et al. 1998 7184: 7173: 7170:Eide et al. 1998 7167: 7161: 7158:Eide et al. 1998 7155: 7146: 7143:Eide et al. 1996 7140: 7134: 7128: 7119: 7116:Eide et al. 1996 7113: 7104: 7101:Eide et al. 1996 7098: 7092: 7089:Eide et al. 1996 7086: 7071: 7065: 7044: 7041:Eide et al. 1996 7038: 7032: 7026: 7020: 7017:Eide et al. 1996 7014: 7003: 6997: 6982: 6976: 6970: 6967:Eide et al. 1996 6964: 6955: 6952:Eide et al. 1996 6949: 6943: 6940:Eide et al. 1996 6937: 6931: 6928:Eide et al. 1996 6925: 6914: 6911:Eide et al. 1998 6908: 6902: 6899:Eide et al. 1996 6896: 6887: 6884:Eide et al. 1996 6881: 6875: 6869: 6854: 6851:Eide et al. 1996 6848: 6842: 6839:Eide et al. 1996 6836: 6830: 6824: 6815: 6812:Eide et al. 1996 6809: 6800: 6797:Eide et al. 1996 6794: 6788: 6785:Eide et al. 1996 6782: 6776: 6773:Eide et al. 1996 6770: 6757: 6754:Eide et al. 1996 6751: 6740: 6734: 6721: 6718:Eide et al. 1996 6715: 6704: 6701:Eide et al. 1996 6698: 6685: 6682:Eide et al. 1996 6679: 6668: 6662: 6571: 6565: 6559: 6553: 6536: 6530: 6519: 6513: 6504: 6501:Eide et al. 1996 6498: 6487: 6484:Eide et al. 1996 6481: 6470: 6467:Eide et al. 1996 6464: 6451: 6448:Eide et al. 1996 6445: 6436: 6433:Eide et al. 1996 6430: 6424: 6421:Eide et al. 1996 6418: 6407: 6404:Eide et al. 1996 6401: 6390: 6387:Eide et al. 1996 6384: 6378: 6375:Eide et al. 1996 6372: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6345: 6336: 6333:Eide et al. 1996 6330: 6321: 6315: 6302: 6299:Eide et al. 1996 6296: 6283: 6277: 6264: 6261:Eide et al. 1996 6258: 6247: 6244:Eide et al. 1996 6241: 6235: 6232:Eide et al. 1996 6229: 6223: 6220:Eide et al. 1996 6217: 6211: 6205: 6199: 6196:Eide et al. 1996 6193: 6182: 6179:Eide et al. 1994 6176: 6167: 6164:Eide et al. 1994 6161: 6152: 6149:Eide et al. 1994 6146: 6137: 6134:Eide et al. 1994 6131: 6122: 6119:Eide et al. 1994 6116: 6107: 6101: 6090: 6084: 6078: 6072: 6063: 6060:Eide et al. 1994 6057: 6051: 6048:Eide et al. 1994 6045: 6039: 6036:Eide et al. 1994 6033: 6024: 6021:Eide et al. 1994 6018: 6012: 6009:Eide et al. 1994 6006: 6000: 5997:Eide et al. 1994 5994: 5988: 5982: 5976: 5970: 5937: 5934:Eide et al. 1994 5931: 5922: 5916: 5910: 5907:Eide et al. 1994 5904: 5898: 5895:Eide et al. 1994 5892: 5879: 5873: 5867: 5861: 5855: 5852:Eide et al. 1994 5849: 5843: 5840:Eide et al. 1994 5837: 5831: 5828:Eide et al. 1994 5825: 5812: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5785: 5779: 5768: 5762: 5756: 5750: 5744: 5738: 5732: 5726: 5720: 5714: 5708: 5702: 5693: 5687: 5670: 5664: 5655: 5649: 5643: 5637: 5616: 5610: 5604: 5598: 5592: 5586: 5580: 5574: 5565: 5559: 5546: 5540: 5534: 5528: 5515: 5509: 5490: 5484: 5478: 5472: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5439: 5433: 5427: 5364: 5358: 5347: 5341: 5332: 5326: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5286:Eide et al. 1994 5283: 5272: 5266: 5260: 5254: 5233: 5230:Eide et al. 1998 5227: 5212: 5209:Eide et al. 1998 5206: 5195: 5189: 5180: 5174: 5107: 5101: 5095: 5089: 5052: 5049:Eide et al. 1998 5046: 5011: 5005: 4999: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4975: 4969: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4910: 4904: 4893: 4887: 4881: 4875: 4866: 4860: 4854: 4851:Eide et al. 1996 4848: 4831: 4825: 4804: 4800: 4794: 4782: 4776: 4772: 4766: 4754: 4748: 4745: 4739: 4735: 4729: 4726: 4720: 4717: 4711: 4708: 4702: 4698: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4671: 4665: 4654: 4648: 4644: 4635: 4627: 4621: 4614: 4608: 4605: 4599: 4595: 4589: 4577: 4571: 4568: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4544: 4535: 4531: 4520: 4501: 4495: 4491: 4485: 4474: 4468: 4465: 4459: 4448: 4442: 4438: 4432: 4429: 4423: 4416: 4407: 4396: 4390: 4386: 4377: 4370: 4361: 4358: 4352: 4343: 4334: 4326: 4320: 4309: 4303: 4292: 4286: 4279: 4273: 4270: 4264: 4261: 4252: 4249: 4243: 4240: 4234: 4230: 4217: 4214: 4208: 4201: 4195: 4192: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4169: 4163: 4144: 4138: 4134: 4128: 4125: 4119: 4112: 4106: 4103: 4097: 4094: 4088: 4081: 4075: 4072: 4066: 4063: 4057: 4054: 4048: 4045: 4026: 4023: 4017: 4013: 3861: 3860: 3775: 3757: 3749: 3736: 3726:Delitey (father) 3718: 3716: 3703: 3690: 3680: 3652: 3642: 3634: 3616: 3602: 3594: 3578: 3560: 3546: 3530: 3522: 3506: 3488: 3448: 3440: 3429: 3421: 3386: 3370: 3352: 3336: 3326:Pisakar (father) 3318: 3310: 3297: 3275: 3259: 3249: 3241: 3233: 3216: 3208: 3200: 3183: 3175: 3167: 3149: 3141: 3133: 3120: 3110: 3102: 3088: 3076: 3068: 3051: 3043: 3035: 3004: 2996: 2988: 2975: 2951: 2943: 2935: 2918: 2910: 2902: 2885: 2877: 2873: 2860: 2846: 2838: 2815: 2807: 2799: 2786: 2764: 2756: 2748: 2735: 2717: 2709: 2693: 2683: 2675: 2667: 2650: 2642: 2632: 2620: 2612: 2596: 2574: 2566: 2553: 2543: 2535: 2527: 2514: 2504: 2501:2nd century BCE 2496: 2478: 2470: 2454: 2438: 2430: 2386: 2374: 2366: 2353: 2335: 2331:(c. 240–215 BCE) 2330: 2323: 2315: 2304: 2292: 2284: 2266: 2258: 2250: 2225: 2217: 2192: 2182: 2174: 2151: 2144: 2143: 2099: 2077: 2055: 2023: 1997: 1965: 1949:(fl. c. 325 BCE) 1948: 1936: 1925: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1871: 1841:(c. 400–360 BCE) 1840: 1828: 1774: 1643: 1608:Amaninatakilebte 1528: 1525: 1495: 1466: 1437: 1408: 1395: 1375: 1374: 1337: 1304: 1290:Kingdom of Judah 1272: 1269: 1257: 1225: 1222: 1210: 1190: 1187: 1175: 1162: 1144: 1134: 1131: 1111: 1095: 1092: 1061: 1060: 1038: 1022: 1006:List of monarchs 924: 923: 908: 907: 901: 866: 863: 855: 819: 779: 772: 765: 749: 748: 465:Amaninatakilebte 137: 123:Kushite Monarchs 110: 109: 102: 99: 91: 88: 81: 78: 71: 68: 9459: 9458: 9454: 9453: 9452: 9450: 9449: 9448: 9409: 9408: 9407: 9402: 9386: 9312:Amanikhareqerem 9204: 9154:Amanineteyerike 9089: 9021: 8841: 8832: 8813:Kingdom of Kush 8786: 8783: 8753: 8747: 8726: 8705: 8684: 8663: 8642: 8614:Sudan and Nubia 8605: 8584: 8563: 8542: 8521: 8500: 8479: 8445: 8408:10.2307/3855580 8383: 8362: 8339: 8320: 8301: 8274: 8253: 8221:Volume II: Nuri 8197: 8176: 8155: 8136: 8131: 8123: 8108: 8100: 8096: 8088: 8079: 8071: 8064: 8056: 8039: 8031: 8027: 8019: 8015: 8007: 8003: 7995: 7991: 7983: 7972: 7968:, p. 1074. 7964: 7947: 7943:, p. 1073. 7939: 7914: 7910:, p. 1050. 7906: 7902: 7894: 7890: 7882: 7869: 7861: 7850: 7846:, p. 1042. 7842: 7838: 7830: 7826: 7822:, p. 1049. 7818: 7805: 7801:, p. 1072. 7797: 7770: 7762: 7758: 7750: 7731: 7723: 7719: 7711: 7686: 7678: 7674: 7666: 7662: 7654: 7641: 7633: 7629: 7621: 7614: 7606: 7599: 7591: 7574: 7566: 7531: 7523: 7519: 7511: 7507: 7499: 7458: 7450: 7439: 7431: 7420: 7412: 7405: 7397: 7390: 7382: 7369: 7361: 7357: 7349: 7345: 7337: 7333: 7325: 7318: 7310: 7303: 7295: 7288: 7280: 7276: 7268: 7239: 7231: 7220: 7212: 7208: 7200: 7193: 7185: 7176: 7168: 7164: 7156: 7149: 7141: 7137: 7129: 7122: 7114: 7107: 7099: 7095: 7087: 7074: 7066: 7047: 7039: 7035: 7027: 7023: 7015: 7006: 6998: 6985: 6977: 6973: 6965: 6958: 6950: 6946: 6938: 6934: 6926: 6917: 6909: 6905: 6897: 6890: 6882: 6878: 6870: 6857: 6849: 6845: 6837: 6833: 6825: 6818: 6810: 6803: 6795: 6791: 6783: 6779: 6771: 6760: 6752: 6743: 6735: 6724: 6716: 6707: 6699: 6688: 6680: 6671: 6663: 6574: 6566: 6562: 6554: 6539: 6531: 6522: 6514: 6507: 6499: 6490: 6482: 6473: 6465: 6454: 6446: 6439: 6431: 6427: 6419: 6410: 6402: 6393: 6385: 6381: 6373: 6366: 6358: 6354: 6346: 6339: 6331: 6324: 6316: 6305: 6297: 6286: 6278: 6267: 6259: 6250: 6242: 6238: 6230: 6226: 6218: 6214: 6206: 6202: 6194: 6185: 6177: 6170: 6162: 6155: 6147: 6140: 6132: 6125: 6117: 6110: 6102: 6093: 6085: 6081: 6073: 6066: 6058: 6054: 6046: 6042: 6034: 6027: 6019: 6015: 6007: 6003: 5995: 5991: 5983: 5979: 5971: 5940: 5932: 5925: 5917: 5913: 5905: 5901: 5893: 5882: 5874: 5870: 5862: 5858: 5850: 5846: 5838: 5834: 5826: 5815: 5807: 5803: 5795: 5788: 5780: 5771: 5763: 5759: 5751: 5747: 5739: 5735: 5727: 5723: 5715: 5711: 5703: 5696: 5688: 5673: 5665: 5658: 5650: 5646: 5638: 5619: 5611: 5607: 5599: 5595: 5587: 5583: 5575: 5568: 5560: 5549: 5541: 5537: 5529: 5518: 5510: 5493: 5485: 5481: 5473: 5460: 5452: 5448: 5440: 5436: 5428: 5367: 5359: 5350: 5342: 5335: 5327: 5316: 5308: 5304: 5296: 5292: 5284: 5275: 5267: 5263: 5255: 5236: 5228: 5215: 5207: 5198: 5194:, p. xlii. 5190: 5183: 5175: 5110: 5102: 5098: 5090: 5055: 5047: 5014: 5006: 5002: 4994: 4990: 4982: 4978: 4970: 4937: 4929: 4925: 4917: 4913: 4905: 4896: 4888: 4884: 4876: 4869: 4861: 4857: 4849: 4834: 4830:, Introduction. 4826: 4822: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4807: 4801: 4797: 4783: 4779: 4773: 4769: 4755: 4751: 4746: 4742: 4736: 4732: 4727: 4723: 4718: 4714: 4709: 4705: 4699: 4695: 4689: 4685: 4672: 4668: 4655: 4651: 4645: 4638: 4628: 4624: 4615: 4611: 4606: 4602: 4596: 4592: 4578: 4574: 4569: 4560: 4554: 4550: 4545: 4538: 4532: 4523: 4502: 4498: 4492: 4488: 4475: 4471: 4466: 4462: 4449: 4445: 4439: 4435: 4430: 4426: 4420:Temple of Dakka 4417: 4410: 4404:Temple of Dakka 4397: 4393: 4387: 4380: 4371: 4364: 4359: 4355: 4344: 4337: 4327: 4323: 4316: 4310: 4306: 4299: 4293: 4289: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4267: 4262: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4220: 4215: 4211: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4186: 4180: 4176: 4170: 4166: 4160:Ptolemy I Soter 4145: 4141: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4122: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4095: 4091: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4046: 4029: 4024: 4020: 4014: 4010: 4005: 3998:Viceroy of Kush 3995: 3909:1st century CE 3851: 3792: 3774: 3766: 3735: 3727: 3710: 3689: 3679: 3678:Arḫrli (father) 3651: 3643:Parents unknown 3615: 3603:Parents unknown 3577: 3569: 3531:Parents unknown 3505: 3497: 3457: 3420: 3395: 3369: 3361: 3335: 3327: 3296: 3284: 3258: 3250:Parents unknown 3217:Parents unknown 3184:Parents unknown 3150:Parents unknown 3119: 3111:Parents unknown 3099:Amanikhareqerem 3077:Parents unknown 3052:Parents unknown 3007: 2974: 2954: 2919:Parents unknown 2886:Parents unknown 2859: 2847:Parents unknown 2818: 2785: 2765:Parents unknown 2734: 2718:Parents unknown 2692: 2684:Parents unknown 2651:Parents unknown 2621:Parents unknown 2595: 2583: 2552: 2544:Parents unknown 2513: 2505:Parents unknown 2479:Parents unknown 2453: 2439:Parents unknown 2385: 2376: 2352: 2336:Parents unknown 2329: 2293:Parents unknown 2267:Parents unknown 2234: 2193:Parents unknown 2184: 2110: 2022: 1996: 1947: 1890: 1870: 1839: 1787:Amanineteyerike 1370: 1323:Assyrian Empire 1270: 1223: 1188: 1161: 1132: 1110: 1094: 1052: 1036: 1034: 1013: 1008: 944: 943: 942: 940: 934: 933: 932: 931: 925: 917: 916: 915: 909: 893: 864: 797: 792: 783: 740: 739: 665:Amanikhareqerem 564: 554: 553: 503:Amanineteyerike 445: 435: 434: 375: 365: 364: 194: 183: 182: 160:Kingdom of Kush 145: 100: 89: 79: 70: 1069 BCE 69: 52:Kingdom of Kush 12: 11: 5: 9457: 9447: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9419:Queens of Kush 9404: 9403: 9391: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9384: 9379: 9376: 9374:Yesebokheamani 9371: 9368: 9363: 9361:Tamelerdeamani 9358: 9353: 9350: 9345: 9342: 9337: 9336:Aritenyesbokhe 9334: 9329: 9324: 9322:Amanikhatashan 9319: 9317:Amanitenmemide 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9261: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9212: 9210: 9206: 9205: 9203: 9202: 9197: 9196:Arikepiankhiqo 9194: 9193:Kash(...)amani 9191: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9129:Amaniastabarqa 9126: 9121: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9097: 9095: 9094:Early Meroitic 9091: 9090: 9088: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9031: 9029: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9019: 9016: 9011: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8995: 8990: 8987: 8982: 8979: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8852: 8850: 8843: 8842: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8794: 8792: 8788: 8787: 8782: 8781: 8774: 8767: 8759: 8752: 8751: 8745: 8730: 8724: 8709: 8703: 8688: 8682: 8667: 8661: 8646: 8640: 8625: 8609: 8603: 8588: 8582: 8567: 8561: 8546: 8540: 8525: 8519: 8504: 8498: 8483: 8477: 8462: 8449: 8443: 8428: 8387: 8381: 8366: 8360: 8345: 8344: 8343: 8337: 8324: 8318: 8305: 8299: 8278: 8272: 8257: 8251: 8236: 8235: 8234: 8225: 8216: 8201: 8195: 8180: 8174: 8159: 8153: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8129: 8106: 8104:, p. 460. 8094: 8077: 8062: 8060:, p. 141. 8058:Emberling 2023 8037: 8025: 8023:, p. 102. 8013: 8011:, p. 149. 8001: 7989: 7987:, p. 484. 7970: 7945: 7912: 7900: 7888: 7886:, p. 912. 7867: 7848: 7836: 7834:, p. 146. 7824: 7803: 7768: 7756: 7754:, p. 998. 7729: 7717: 7684: 7672: 7660: 7658:, p. 939. 7639: 7637:, p. 210. 7627: 7625:, p. 616. 7612: 7597: 7595:, p. 313. 7572: 7570:, p. 954. 7529: 7517: 7505: 7503:, p. 206. 7456: 7454:, p. 935. 7437: 7435:, p. 914. 7418: 7416:, p. 915. 7403: 7388: 7386:, p. 936. 7367: 7365:, p. 937. 7355: 7353:, p. 909. 7343: 7341:, p. 908. 7331: 7329:, p. 910. 7316: 7314:, p. 903. 7301: 7299:, p. 899. 7286: 7284:, p. 898. 7274: 7237: 7235:, p. 897. 7218: 7216:, p. 837. 7206: 7204:, p. 836. 7191: 7189:, p. 836. 7174: 7162: 7160:, p. 801. 7147: 7145:, p. 661. 7135: 7120: 7118:, p. 660. 7105: 7103:, p. 724. 7093: 7091:, p. 723. 7072: 7045: 7033: 7021: 7019:, p. 718. 7004: 7002:, p. 205. 6983: 6971: 6956: 6954:, p. 715. 6944: 6932: 6930:, p. 685. 6915: 6913:, p. 904. 6903: 6901:, p. 664. 6888: 6886:, p. 662. 6876: 6855: 6853:, p. 591. 6843: 6841:, p. 590. 6831: 6816: 6814:, p. 589. 6801: 6799:, p. 586. 6789: 6787:, p. 588. 6777: 6775:, p. 582. 6758: 6756:, p. 572. 6741: 6739:, p. 204. 6722: 6720:, p. 571. 6705: 6703:, p. 568. 6686: 6684:, p. 566. 6669: 6572: 6570:, p. 180. 6560: 6537: 6520: 6518:, p. 144. 6516:Emberling 2023 6505: 6503:, p. 533. 6488: 6486:, p. 532. 6471: 6469:, p. 522. 6452: 6437: 6435:, p. 467. 6425: 6423:, p. 468. 6408: 6406:, p. 465. 6391: 6379: 6377:, p. 464. 6364: 6362:, p. 142. 6360:Emberling 2023 6352: 6348:Emberling 2023 6337: 6335:, p. 469. 6322: 6320:, p. 203. 6303: 6301:, p. 437. 6284: 6282:, p. 140. 6280:Emberling 2023 6265: 6263:, p. 435. 6248: 6246:, p. 397. 6236: 6234:, p. 396. 6224: 6222:, p. 398. 6212: 6208:Emberling 2023 6200: 6198:, p. 393. 6183: 6181:, p. 302. 6168: 6166:, p. 301. 6153: 6151:, p. 300. 6138: 6136:, p. 299. 6123: 6121:, p. 296. 6108: 6091: 6089:, p. 145. 6079: 6077:, p. 163. 6075:Lohwasser 2001 6064: 6052: 6050:, p. 293. 6040: 6038:, p. 292. 6025: 6013: 6001: 5999:, p. 291. 5989: 5987:, p. 139. 5985:Emberling 2023 5977: 5975:, p. 202. 5938: 5923: 5921:, p. 138. 5919:Emberling 2023 5911: 5909:, p. 230. 5899: 5897:, p. 229. 5880: 5878:, p. 404. 5868: 5866:, p. 134. 5864:Emberling 2023 5856: 5854:, p. 215. 5844: 5842:, p. 211. 5832: 5830:, p. 210. 5813: 5811:, p. 188. 5801: 5799:, p. 133. 5797:Emberling 2023 5786: 5784:, p. 131. 5782:Emberling 2023 5769: 5767:, p. 129. 5765:Emberling 2023 5757: 5753:Emberling 2023 5745: 5741:Emberling 2023 5733: 5731:, p. 123. 5729:Emberling 2023 5721: 5719:, p. 121. 5717:Emberling 2023 5709: 5707:, p. 134. 5694: 5692:, p. 201. 5671: 5669:, p. 122. 5667:Emberling 2023 5656: 5654:, p. 125. 5652:Emberling 2023 5644: 5617: 5615:, p. 165. 5605: 5603:, p. 112. 5601:Emberling 2023 5593: 5591:, p. 208. 5581: 5579:, p. 118. 5566: 5564:, p. 386. 5547: 5545:, p. 260. 5535: 5516: 5514:, p. 123. 5491: 5489:, p. 218. 5479: 5477:, p. 110. 5475:Emberling 2023 5458: 5446: 5444:, p. 124. 5434: 5365: 5348: 5333: 5331:, p. 385. 5314: 5310:Emberling 2023 5302: 5298:Emberling 2023 5290: 5288:, p. 212. 5273: 5269:Emberling 2023 5261: 5257:Emberling 2023 5234: 5232:, p. 953. 5213: 5196: 5181: 5108: 5096: 5094:, p. 144. 5053: 5051:, p. 913. 5012: 5000: 4988: 4986:, p. 194. 4976: 4935: 4933:, p. 209. 4923: 4921:, p. 188. 4911: 4909:, p. 201. 4894: 4892:, p. 107. 4882: 4880:, p. 190. 4867: 4865:, p. 200. 4855: 4853:, p. 512. 4832: 4828:Lohwasser 2020 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4795: 4777: 4767: 4749: 4740: 4730: 4721: 4712: 4703: 4693: 4683: 4666: 4649: 4636: 4622: 4609: 4600: 4590: 4572: 4558: 4548: 4536: 4521: 4511:, restored as 4496: 4486: 4469: 4460: 4443: 4433: 4424: 4408: 4391: 4378: 4362: 4353: 4335: 4321: 4314: 4304: 4297: 4287: 4274: 4265: 4253: 4244: 4235: 4218: 4209: 4196: 4184: 4174: 4164: 4139: 4129: 4120: 4107: 4098: 4089: 4076: 4067: 4058: 4049: 4027: 4018: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3933: 3932: 3925: 3922: 3918: 3917: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3900: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3889: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3850: 3847: 3841:(center), and 3791: 3788: 3781: 3780: 3771: 3768: 3765:Tehye (father) 3763: 3760: 3750: 3742: 3741: 3732: 3729: 3724: 3721: 3704: 3696: 3695: 3692:(hypothetical) 3686: 3683: 3681:Mother unknown 3676: 3673: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3654:(hypothetical) 3648: 3645: 3640: 3637: 3625: 3622: 3621: 3618:(hypothetical) 3612: 3605: 3600: 3597: 3591:Yesebokheamani 3587: 3584: 3583: 3574: 3571: 3566: 3563: 3553: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3533: 3528: 3525: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3508:(hypothetical) 3502: 3499: 3494: 3491: 3485:Tamelerdeamani 3481: 3478: 3477: 3474: 3459: 3454: 3451: 3441: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3424: 3422:Mother unknown 3417: 3414: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3392: 3389: 3379: 3376: 3375: 3372:(hypothetical) 3366: 3363: 3358: 3355: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3332: 3329: 3324: 3321: 3311: 3303: 3302: 3293: 3286: 3281: 3278: 3272:Aritenyesbokhe 3268: 3265: 3264: 3255: 3252: 3247: 3244: 3234: 3226: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3214: 3211: 3201: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3181: 3178: 3172:Amanikhatashan 3168: 3160: 3159: 3156: 3152: 3147: 3144: 3138:Amanitenmemide 3134: 3126: 3125: 3122:(hypothetical) 3116: 3113: 3108: 3105: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3086: 3079: 3074: 3071: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3054: 3049: 3046: 3036: 3028: 3027: 3024: 3009: 3005:Father unknown 3002: 2999: 2989: 2981: 2980: 2971: 2956: 2952:Father unknown 2949: 2946: 2936: 2928: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2916: 2913: 2903: 2895: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2883: 2880: 2874: 2866: 2865: 2862:(hypothetical) 2856: 2849: 2844: 2841: 2831: 2828: 2827: 2824: 2820: 2816:Father unknown 2813: 2810: 2800: 2792: 2791: 2782: 2767: 2762: 2759: 2749: 2741: 2740: 2731: 2720: 2715: 2712: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2689: 2686: 2681: 2678: 2668: 2660: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2648: 2645: 2641:Unknown queen 2639: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2623: 2618: 2615: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2592: 2585: 2580: 2577: 2567: 2559: 2558: 2549: 2546: 2541: 2538: 2528: 2520: 2519: 2510: 2507: 2502: 2499: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2481: 2476: 2473: 2463: 2460: 2459: 2448: 2441: 2436: 2433: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2403:. Reconquered 2389: 2387:Mother unknown 2382: 2379: 2377:(Ergamenes II) 2367: 2359: 2358: 2349: 2338: 2333: 2326: 2316: 2308: 2307: 2302: 2295: 2290: 2287: 2279: 2276: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2264: 2261: 2251: 2243: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2231: 2228: 2218: 2210: 2209: 2206: 2195: 2190: 2187: 2175: 2167: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2148: 2121:queens regnant 2109: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066:Arikepiankhiqo 2062: 2059: 2058: 2053: 2046: 2043: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2025:(hypothetical) 2019: 2016: 2013: 2006: 2003: 2002: 1999:(hypothetical) 1993: 1986: 1983: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1962: 1961: 1958: 1951: 1944: 1937: 1929: 1928: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1887: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1843: 1836: 1829: 1821: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1797: 1793: 1790: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1740: 1737: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674:Amaniastabarqa 1670: 1667: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1634: 1631: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1570: 1567: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1553: 1546: 1543: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1506: 1503: 1496: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1477: 1474: 1467: 1459: 1458: 1455: 1448: 1445: 1438: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1419: 1416: 1409: 1401: 1400: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1359: 1348: 1345: 1338: 1330: 1329: 1326: 1315: 1312: 1305: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1274: 1265: 1258: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1227: 1218: 1211: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1192: 1183: 1176: 1168: 1167: 1158: 1136: 1127: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1107: 1100: 1088: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 978:chronology by 956:Middle Napatan 936: 935: 927: 926: 919: 918: 911: 910: 903: 902: 896: 895: 894: 892: 889: 796: 793: 791: 788: 785: 784: 782: 781: 774: 767: 759: 756: 755: 742: 741: 738: 737: 732: 729: 727:Yesebokheamani 724: 721: 716: 714:Tamelerdeamani 711: 706: 703: 698: 695: 690: 689:Aritenyesbokhe 687: 682: 677: 675:Amanikhatashan 672: 670:Amanitenmemide 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 614: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 565: 560: 559: 556: 555: 552: 551: 546: 545:Arikepiankhiqo 543: 542:Kash(...)amani 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 478:Amaniastabarqa 475: 470: 467: 462: 457: 452: 446: 443:Early Meroitic 441: 440: 437: 436: 433: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 387: 382: 376: 371: 370: 367: 366: 363: 362: 359: 354: 351: 346: 341: 338: 333: 330: 325: 322: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 195: 189: 188: 185: 184: 181: 180: 175: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 146: 143: 142: 139: 138: 130: 129: 119: 118: 80: 780 BCE 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9456: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9424:Kings of Kush 9422: 9420: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9401: 9400: 9389: 9383: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9366:Talakhidamani 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9356:Teqorideamani 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9340:Amanitaraqide 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9282:Shanakdakhete 9280: 9278: 9277:Amanishakheto 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9213: 9211: 9209:Late Meroitic 9207: 9201: 9198: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9144:Malewiebamani 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9098: 9096: 9092: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9075:Senkamanisken 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9032: 9030: 9028: 9024: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989:Ramessesnakht 8988: 8986: 8983: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8853: 8851: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8789: 8780: 8775: 8773: 8768: 8766: 8761: 8760: 8757: 8748: 8742: 8738: 8737: 8731: 8727: 8721: 8717: 8716: 8710: 8706: 8700: 8696: 8695: 8689: 8685: 8679: 8675: 8674: 8668: 8664: 8658: 8654: 8653: 8647: 8643: 8641:9780951043202 8637: 8633: 8632: 8626: 8622: 8618: 8615: 8610: 8606: 8600: 8596: 8595: 8589: 8585: 8579: 8575: 8574: 8568: 8564: 8562:9789004262959 8558: 8554: 8553: 8547: 8543: 8537: 8533: 8532: 8526: 8522: 8520:3-447-04139-0 8516: 8512: 8511: 8505: 8501: 8495: 8492:. Routledge. 8491: 8490: 8484: 8480: 8478:3-447-04407-1 8474: 8470: 8469: 8463: 8459: 8455: 8450: 8446: 8440: 8437:. Routledge. 8436: 8435: 8429: 8425: 8421: 8417: 8413: 8409: 8405: 8401: 8397: 8393: 8388: 8384: 8382:9781118325087 8378: 8374: 8373: 8367: 8363: 8357: 8353: 8352: 8346: 8340: 8338:82-91626-07-3 8334: 8330: 8325: 8321: 8319:82-91626-01-4 8315: 8311: 8306: 8302: 8300:82-991411-6-8 8296: 8292: 8287: 8286: 8285: 8284: 8279: 8275: 8269: 8266:. Routledge. 8265: 8264: 8258: 8254: 8248: 8244: 8243: 8237: 8231: 8226: 8222: 8217: 8213: 8208: 8207: 8206: 8202: 8198: 8192: 8188: 8187: 8181: 8177: 8171: 8167: 8166: 8160: 8156: 8150: 8147:. Routledge. 8146: 8145: 8139: 8138: 8126: 8121: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8103: 8098: 8091: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8074: 8069: 8067: 8059: 8054: 8052: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8044: 8042: 8034: 8029: 8022: 8021:Spedding 2023 8017: 8010: 8009:van Dijk 2007 8005: 7999:, p. 21. 7998: 7993: 7986: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7975: 7967: 7962: 7960: 7958: 7956: 7954: 7952: 7950: 7942: 7937: 7935: 7933: 7931: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7923: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7909: 7904: 7897: 7892: 7885: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7865:, p. 21. 7864: 7863:Kuckertz 2021 7859: 7857: 7855: 7853: 7845: 7840: 7833: 7828: 7821: 7816: 7814: 7812: 7810: 7808: 7800: 7795: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7777: 7775: 7773: 7765: 7760: 7753: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7742: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7734: 7726: 7721: 7715:, p. 22. 7714: 7713:Kuckertz 2021 7709: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7681: 7676: 7669: 7664: 7657: 7652: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7644: 7636: 7631: 7624: 7619: 7617: 7610:, p. 55. 7609: 7604: 7602: 7594: 7589: 7587: 7585: 7583: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7569: 7564: 7562: 7560: 7558: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7534: 7526: 7525:Kuckertz 2021 7521: 7514: 7509: 7502: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7453: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7442: 7434: 7429: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7415: 7410: 7408: 7400: 7395: 7393: 7385: 7380: 7378: 7376: 7374: 7372: 7364: 7359: 7352: 7347: 7340: 7335: 7328: 7323: 7321: 7313: 7308: 7306: 7298: 7293: 7291: 7283: 7278: 7272:, p. 17. 7271: 7270:Kuckertz 2021 7266: 7264: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7256: 7254: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7246: 7244: 7242: 7234: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7223: 7215: 7210: 7203: 7198: 7196: 7188: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7171: 7166: 7159: 7154: 7152: 7144: 7139: 7132: 7131:Kuckertz 2021 7127: 7125: 7117: 7112: 7110: 7102: 7097: 7090: 7085: 7083: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7070:, p. 16. 7069: 7068:Kuckertz 2021 7064: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7042: 7037: 7031:, p. 15. 7030: 7029:Kuckertz 2021 7025: 7018: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7001: 6996: 6994: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6981:, p. 14. 6980: 6979:Kuckertz 2021 6975: 6968: 6963: 6961: 6953: 6948: 6941: 6936: 6929: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6912: 6907: 6900: 6895: 6893: 6885: 6880: 6874:, p. 13. 6873: 6872:Kuckertz 2021 6868: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6852: 6847: 6840: 6835: 6828: 6827:Kuckertz 2021 6823: 6821: 6813: 6808: 6806: 6798: 6793: 6786: 6781: 6774: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6755: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6738: 6733: 6731: 6729: 6727: 6719: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6702: 6697: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6683: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6666: 6665:Kuckertz 2021 6661: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6569: 6564: 6557: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6535:, p. 80. 6534: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6517: 6512: 6510: 6502: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6485: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6468: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6457: 6449: 6444: 6442: 6434: 6429: 6422: 6417: 6415: 6413: 6405: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6388: 6383: 6376: 6371: 6369: 6361: 6356: 6349: 6344: 6342: 6334: 6329: 6327: 6319: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6300: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6281: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6262: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6245: 6240: 6233: 6228: 6221: 6216: 6209: 6204: 6197: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6180: 6175: 6173: 6165: 6160: 6158: 6150: 6145: 6143: 6135: 6130: 6128: 6120: 6115: 6113: 6105: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6088: 6083: 6076: 6071: 6069: 6061: 6056: 6049: 6044: 6037: 6032: 6030: 6022: 6017: 6010: 6005: 5998: 5993: 5986: 5981: 5974: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5935: 5930: 5928: 5920: 5915: 5908: 5903: 5896: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5877: 5872: 5865: 5860: 5853: 5848: 5841: 5836: 5829: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5810: 5805: 5798: 5793: 5791: 5783: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5766: 5761: 5754: 5749: 5742: 5737: 5730: 5725: 5718: 5713: 5706: 5701: 5699: 5691: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5668: 5663: 5661: 5653: 5648: 5642:, p. 77. 5641: 5636: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5614: 5609: 5602: 5597: 5590: 5585: 5578: 5573: 5571: 5563: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5544: 5539: 5533:, p. 76. 5532: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5513: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5488: 5483: 5476: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5455: 5450: 5443: 5438: 5431: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5362: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5346:, p. 73. 5345: 5340: 5338: 5330: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5311: 5306: 5300:, p. 99. 5299: 5294: 5287: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5270: 5265: 5259:, p. 98. 5258: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5231: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5210: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5193: 5188: 5186: 5178: 5177:Kuckertz 2021 5173: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5105: 5100: 5093: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5050: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5009: 5004: 4997: 4992: 4985: 4980: 4974:, p. 12. 4973: 4972:Kuckertz 2021 4968: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4932: 4927: 4920: 4915: 4908: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4891: 4886: 4879: 4874: 4872: 4864: 4859: 4852: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4829: 4824: 4820: 4803:unidentified. 4799: 4791: 4787: 4781: 4771: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4744: 4734: 4725: 4716: 4707: 4697: 4687: 4680: 4676: 4670: 4663: 4659: 4653: 4643: 4641: 4633: 4626: 4619: 4613: 4604: 4594: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4552: 4543: 4541: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4490: 4483: 4479: 4478:Amanitaraqide 4473: 4464: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4437: 4428: 4421: 4415: 4413: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4385: 4383: 4375: 4369: 4367: 4357: 4349: 4348:palaeographic 4342: 4340: 4332: 4325: 4318: 4311:The tomb of 4308: 4301: 4291: 4284: 4278: 4269: 4260: 4258: 4248: 4239: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4213: 4206: 4200: 4191: 4189: 4178: 4168: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4133: 4124: 4117: 4111: 4102: 4093: 4086: 4080: 4071: 4062: 4053: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4022: 4012: 4008: 4000: 3999: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3978: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3890: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3878:Jebel Barkal 3876: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3859: 3855: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3796: 3787: 3778: 3772: 3769: 3764: 3761: 3756: 3755: 3751: 3748: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3733: 3730: 3725: 3722: 3717: 3714: 3709: 3705: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3687: 3684: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3662: 3660: 3659: 3655: 3649: 3646: 3641: 3638: 3633: 3631: 3626: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3613: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3598: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3575: 3572: 3567: 3564: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3552: 3551: 3545: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3529: 3526: 3521: 3520: 3519:Talakhidamani 3516: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3500: 3495: 3492: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3455: 3452: 3447: 3446: 3445:Teqorideamani 3442: 3439: 3435: 3434: 3428: 3425: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3398: 3393: 3390: 3385: 3384: 3380: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3359: 3356: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3325: 3322: 3317: 3316: 3315:Amanitaraqide 3312: 3309: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3279: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3256: 3253: 3248: 3245: 3240: 3239: 3235: 3232: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3220: 3215: 3212: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3199: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3182: 3179: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3166: 3162: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3145: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3114: 3109: 3106: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3094: 3093: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3072: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3047: 3042: 3041: 3037: 3034: 3030: 3029: 3025: 3023:in Rome (?). 3022: 3018: 3014: 3003: 3000: 2995: 2994: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2982: 2978: 2972: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2950: 2947: 2942: 2941: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2922: 2917: 2914: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2901: 2897: 2896: 2892: 2889: 2884: 2881: 2876:Unknown king 2875: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2857: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2842: 2837: 2836: 2835:Shanakdakhete 2832: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2814: 2811: 2806: 2805: 2804:Amanishakheto 2801: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2763: 2760: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2732: 2729: 2726:in Egypt and 2725: 2724:Cleopatra VII 2721: 2716: 2713: 2708: 2707: 2703: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2682: 2679: 2674: 2673: 2669: 2666: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2654: 2649: 2646: 2640: 2638: 2637: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2616: 2611: 2610: 2606: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2578: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2550: 2547: 2542: 2539: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2526: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2511: 2508: 2503: 2500: 2495:Unknown king 2494: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2477: 2474: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2462: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2434: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2383: 2380: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2327: 2322: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2310: 2309: 2303: 2300: 2296: 2291: 2288: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2277: 2273: 2270: 2265: 2262: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2232: 2229: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2199:Agatharchides 2196: 2191: 2188: 2185:(Ergamenes I) 2181: 2180: 2176: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2149: 2146: 2145: 2142: 2138: 2136: 2135:gender symbol 2132: 2128: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2115: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2089: 2085: 2083: 2082: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2061: 2060: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2011: 2007: 2005: 2004: 2000: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1981: 1977: 1975: 1974: 1969: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1945: 1943: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1915: 1911: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1901: 1888: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1879: 1878: 1874: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1859:Unknown king 1858: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1848: 1844: 1837: 1835: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1803: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1788: 1784: 1782: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1735: 1734:Malewiebamani 1731: 1729: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1715: 1711: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1675: 1671: 1669: 1668: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1655: 1651: 1649: 1648: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1609: 1605: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1583: 1582: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1443: 1442:Senkamanisken 1439: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1414: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1360: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1343: 1339: 1336: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1299: 1298: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1266: 1264: 1263: 1259: 1256: 1252: 1251: 1247: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1219: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1205: 1204: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1177: 1174: 1170: 1169: 1165: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1141: 1137: 1128: 1126: 1125: 1121: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1098: 1089: 1087: 1086: 1082: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1056:Ancient Egypt 1050: 1046: 1042: 1039: – Also 1029: 1027: 1018: 1003: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 983: 981: 975: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 948:Early Napatan 939: 930: 914: 900: 888: 884: 882: 878: 874: 870: 869:Robert Morkot 859: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 829: 827: 823: 814: 806: 801: 780: 775: 773: 768: 766: 761: 760: 758: 757: 754: 753: 744: 743: 736: 733: 730: 728: 725: 722: 720: 719:Talakhidamani 717: 715: 712: 710: 709:Teqorideamani 707: 704: 702: 699: 696: 694: 693:Amanitaraqide 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 635:Shanakdakhete 633: 631: 630:Amanishakheto 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 566: 563: 562:Late Meroitic 558: 557: 550: 547: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 493:Malewiebamani 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 447: 444: 439: 438: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 420:Senkamanisken 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 377: 374: 369: 368: 360: 358: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332:Ramessesnakht 331: 329: 326: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 196: 193: 187: 186: 179: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 147: 141: 140: 136: 132: 131: 128: 124: 121: 120: 116: 112: 111: 108: 104: 101: 350 CE 95: 83: 75: 65: 61: 57: 53: 45: 41: 37: 36:Senkamanisken 33: 29: 25: 20: 16: 9397: 9378:Patrapeamani 9344:Amanikhedolo 9332:Amanikhalika 9292:Amanikhabale 9241:Adikhalamani 9120:Piankhariten 8846:Viceroys at 8798:Main article 8797: 8735: 8714: 8693: 8672: 8651: 8630: 8616: 8613: 8593: 8572: 8551: 8530: 8509: 8488: 8467: 8457: 8433: 8399: 8395: 8371: 8350: 8328: 8309: 8290: 8281: 8262: 8241: 8229: 8220: 8211: 8204: 8185: 8164: 8143: 8134:Bibliography 8127:, p. 4. 8125:Chapman 1952 8097: 8092:, p. 3. 8090:Chapman 1952 8075:, p. 3. 8028: 8016: 8004: 7992: 7903: 7891: 7839: 7827: 7759: 7720: 7675: 7663: 7630: 7520: 7508: 7358: 7346: 7334: 7277: 7209: 7165: 7138: 7096: 7036: 7024: 6974: 6947: 6935: 6906: 6879: 6846: 6834: 6792: 6780: 6667:, p. 5. 6563: 6533:Hopkins 2014 6428: 6382: 6355: 6239: 6227: 6215: 6203: 6106:, p. 3. 6082: 6055: 6043: 6016: 6004: 5992: 5980: 5914: 5902: 5871: 5859: 5847: 5835: 5804: 5760: 5748: 5736: 5724: 5712: 5647: 5640:Hopkins 2014 5608: 5596: 5584: 5538: 5531:Hopkins 2014 5482: 5449: 5437: 5430:Hartwig 2014 5344:Hopkins 2014 5305: 5293: 5264: 5192:Hartwig 2014 5179:, p. 6. 5099: 5092:Edwards 2004 5003: 4991: 4979: 4926: 4914: 4890:Haycock 1967 4885: 4858: 4823: 4798: 4789: 4785: 4780: 4770: 4761: 4758:Pt(.)rpeamni 4757: 4752: 4743: 4733: 4724: 4715: 4706: 4696: 4686: 4678: 4674: 4669: 4661: 4652: 4632:Amanikhalika 4625: 4617: 4612: 4603: 4593: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4551: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4499: 4489: 4472: 4463: 4452:Arikankharor 4446: 4436: 4427: 4394: 4356: 4324: 4312: 4307: 4295: 4290: 4277: 4268: 4247: 4238: 4212: 4204: 4199: 4177: 4167: 4142: 4132: 4123: 4115: 4110: 4101: 4092: 4084: 4079: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4021: 4011: 3996: 3856: 3852: 3831: 3803:László Török 3801: 3784: 3776: 3752: 3737: 3708:Patrapeamani 3706: 3691: 3669: 3665: 3653: 3629: 3617: 3589: 3579: 3555: 3547:Unidentified 3517: 3507: 3483: 3443: 3430:Unidentified 3409: 3381: 3371: 3349:Amanikhedolo 3347: 3337: 3313: 3298: 3270: 3260: 3238:Amanikhalika 3236: 3203: 3170: 3136: 3121: 3097: 3089:Unidentified 3063: 3038: 3016: 3012: 2991: 2976: 2940:Amanikhabale 2938: 2905: 2861: 2833: 2802: 2787: 2774: 2770: 2751: 2736: 2704: 2694: 2670: 2633:Unidentified 2627:palaeography 2607: 2597: 2569: 2554: 2530: 2515: 2487: 2465: 2455: 2451: 2427:Adikhalamani 2425: 2369: 2354: 2318: 2305:Unidentified 2282:Unknown king 2253: 2220: 2177: 2139: 2130: 2124: 2118: 2111: 2100:Unidentified 2086: 2078:Unidentified 2064: 2056:Unidentified 2039: 2035: 2024: 2008: 1998: 1978: 1966: 1939: 1926:Unidentified 1912: 1882: 1872: 1831: 1806: 1785: 1775: 1756: 1732: 1712: 1692: 1672: 1652: 1644:Unidentified 1628:Piankhariten 1626: 1606: 1586: 1562: 1538: 1524: 1498: 1469: 1440: 1411: 1396: 1371: 1340: 1314:690–664 BCE 1307: 1260: 1213: 1178: 1163: 1122: 1112: 1096: 1083: 1053: 1049:25th dynasty 1014: 996:Jebel Barkal 984: 976: 967: 964:Late Napatan 963: 955: 947: 945: 885: 830: 809: 790:Introduction 750: 731:Patrapeamani 697:Amanikhedolo 685:Amanikhalika 645:Amanikhabale 594:Adikhalamani 469:Piankhariten 190:Viceroys at 150:Main article 149: 122: 105: 84: 49: 24:Kerma Museum 15: 9382:Amanipilade 9352:Mashadakhel 9348:Takideamani 9327:Tarekeniwal 9260:Pakhedateqo 9256:Tanyidamani 9231:Arnekhamani 9200:Sabrakamani 9149:Talakhamani 9101:Aramatle-qo 8876:Amenemnekhu 8791:Main topics 8402:: 107–120. 8189:. ISD LLC. 8073:Dunham 1950 7997:Welsby 2002 7623:Yellin 2020 6568:Morkot 1999 6104:Dunham 1955 5589:Morkot 1999 5562:Obenga 1994 5487:Morkot 1999 5329:Obenga 1994 5008:Morkot 1999 4996:Morkot 1999 4984:Morkot 1999 4931:Morkot 1999 4919:Morkot 1999 4907:Morkot 1999 4878:Morkot 1999 4658:Talakhamani 4283:Arnekhamani 4172:suggestion. 3777:(tentative) 3754:Amanipilade 3738:(tentative) 3711: [ 3580:(tentative) 3541:Maloqorebar 3411:Mashadakhel 3383:Takideamani 3338:(tentative) 3261:(tentative) 3205:Tarekeniwal 2609:Pakhedateqo 2571:Tanyidamani 2342:Ptolemy III 2320:Arnekhamani 2299:Ptolemy III 2088:Sabrakamani 1968:problematic 1898:c. 340 BCE) 1758:Talakhamani 1574:Amanitakaye 1356:Upper Egypt 1151:Amenirdis I 1140:Upper Egypt 1093:780–760 BCE 974:) periods. 865: 1069 850:New Kingdom 826:matrilineal 822:patrilineal 735:Amanipilade 705:Mashadakhel 701:Takideamani 680:Tarekeniwal 613:Pakhedateqo 609:Tanyidamani 584:Arnekhamani 549:Sabrakamani 498:Talakhamani 219:Amenemnekhu 144:Main Topics 9413:Categories 9370:Aryesbokhe 9297:Natakamani 9272:Amanirenas 9263:Naqyrinsan 9174:Amanibakhi 9159:Baskakeren 8916:Amenemopet 8102:Török 2015 7985:Török 2015 7832:Rilly 2017 7635:Rilly 2007 7501:Török 2015 7000:Török 2015 6737:Török 2015 6318:Török 2015 5973:Török 2015 5876:Török 2015 5809:Török 2015 5705:Török 2015 5690:Török 2015 5613:Török 2015 5577:Török 2015 5543:Török 2015 5512:Török 2015 5454:Ashby 2021 5442:Török 2015 5104:Török 2015 4863:Török 2015 4811:References 4482:Aryesbokhe 4441:uncertain. 4400:Aqrakamani 4351:successor. 4148:Horus name 3980:Beg. N 41 3969:Beg. N 40 3958:Beg. N 35 3947:Beg. N 30 3936:Beg. N 24 3921:Beg. N 15 3906:Beg. N 14 3609:Diocletian 3557:Aryesbokhe 3476:Beg. N 28 3402:Beg. N 29 3224:Beg. N 19 3191:Beg. N 18 3158:Beg. N 17 3026:Beg. N 22 2993:Natakamani 2753:Amanirenas 2672:Naqyrinsan 2447:in Egypt. 2415:in Egypt. 2409:Ptolemy IV 2348:in Egypt. 2346:Ptolemy IV 2301:in Egypt. 2205:in Egypt. 2203:Ptolemy II 2159:Filiation 1914:Amanibakhi 1808:Baskakeren 1638:cartouches 1540:Aramatleqo 1514:Psamtik II 1282:Bakenranef 1278:Nile Delta 1271: 702 1224: 716 1189: 747 1133: 760 723:Aryesbokhe 650:Natakamani 625:Amanirenas 616:Naqyrinsan 523:Amanibakhi 508:Baskakeren 450:Aramatleqo 259:Amenemopet 90: 739 9307:Shorkaror 9302:Amanitore 9287:Nawidemak 9267:Teriteqas 9226:Amantekha 9216:Arakamani 9184:Aktisanes 9164:Harsiotef 9124:Karkamani 9106:Malonaqen 9070:Atlanersa 9065:Tantamani 9010:Akheperre 8950:Mernudjem 8926:Heqanakht 8891:Amenhotep 8886:Usersatet 8676:. BRILL. 8555:. Brill. 8416:0307-5133 8375:. Wiley. 8245:. Brill. 8033:Dann 2009 6087:Rose 1985 4816:Citations 4775:scholars. 4513:Trekeniwl 4456:Arkhatani 3837:(north), 3823:El-Hobagi 3773:Beg. N 25 3734:Beg. N 26 3688:Beg. N 37 3650:Beg. N 38 3614:Beg. N 51 3611:in Rome. 3576:Beg. N 16 3504:Beg. N 27 3471:Gallienus 3368:Beg. N 43 3334:Beg. N 36 3299:(assumed) 3295:Beg. N 34 3257:Beg. N 32 3118:Beg. N 16 3065:Shorkaror 3056:Beg. N 1 3040:Amanitore 2977:(assumed) 2907:Nawidemak 2858:Beg. N 21 2826:Beg. N 6 2788:(assumed) 2737:(assumed) 2733:Beg. N 20 2730:in Rome. 2706:Teriteqas 2695:(assumed) 2691:Beg. N 13 2598:(assumed) 2594:Beg. N 12 2555:(assumed) 2551:Beg. N 11 2512:Beg. N 10 2456:(assumed) 2445:Ptolemy V 2418:Beg. N 7 2413:Ptolemy V 2355:(assumed) 2351:Beg. N 53 2274:Beg. N 4 2255:Amantekha 2241:Beg. S 5 2208:Beg. S 6 2179:Arakamani 2147:Portrait 2114:Arakamani 2050:cartouche 1980:Aktisanes 1847:Atasamale 1833:Harsiotef 1654:Karkamani 1564:Malonaqen 1452:Maletaral 1423:Psamtik I 1413:Atlanersa 1378:Portrait 1342:Tantamani 1273:–690 BCE 1243:Sargon II 1226:–702 BCE 1191:–716 BCE 1164:(assumed) 1135:–747 BCE 1113:(assumed) 1064:Portrait 881:Atlanersa 877:Tantamani 813:genealogy 660:Shorkaror 655:Amanitore 640:Nawidemak 620:Teriteqas 579:Amantekha 569:Arakamani 533:Aktisanes 513:Harsiotef 473:Karkamani 455:Malonaqen 415:Atlanersa 410:Tantamani 353:Akheperre 293:Mernudjem 269:Heqanakht 234:Amenhotep 229:Usersatet 28:Tantamani 9399:Category 9236:Arqamani 9221:Amanislo 9189:Aryamani 9179:Nastasen 9169:Akhraten 9139:Nasakhma 9134:Siaspiqa 9111:Analmaye 9080:Anlamani 9050:Shebitku 9014:Neskhons 8993:Pinehesy 8985:Wentawat 8954:Khaemtir 8931:Paser II 8901:Tuthmose 8896:Merymose 8856:Si-Tayit 8634:. JR-T. 8534:UNESCO. 4786:Mnipilde 4374:Augustus 4333:in Rome. 3993:See also 3892:Bar. 19 3881:Bar. 18 3467:Valerian 2973:Beg. N 2 2779:Augustus 2728:Augustus 2589:Meroitic 2516:(unused) 2486:Beg. N 9 2450:Beg. N 8 2401:Kalabsha 2371:Arqamani 2222:Amanislo 2152:(gender) 2010:Aryamani 1941:Nastasen 1884:Akhraten 1873:(unused) 1744:Saka'aye 1714:Nasakhma 1694:Siaspiqa 1588:Analmaye 1471:Anlamani 1361:Kur. 16 1295:Kur. 15 1248:Kur. 18 1239:Assyrian 1231:Peksater 1215:Shebitku 1201:Kur. 17 988:El-Kurru 968:Meroitic 752:Category 589:Arqamani 574:Amanislo 538:Aryamani 528:Nastasen 518:Akhraten 488:Nasakhma 483:Siaspiqa 460:Analmaye 425:Anlamani 395:Shebitku 357:Neskhons 336:Pinehesy 328:Wentawat 297:Khaemtir 274:Paser II 244:Tuthmose 239:Merymose 199:Si-Tayit 115:a series 113:Part of 44:Anlamani 9251:Nahirqo 9246:Tabirqo 9085:Aspelta 9060:Taharqa 9055:Shabaka 9027:Napatan 9018:Pamiu I 9006:Herihor 8997:Setmose 8981:Nahihor 8974:Hori II 8946:Anhotep 8911:Paser I 8828:Viceroy 8823:Pharaoh 8808:Kandake 8424:3855580 4662:kandake 4556:father. 4505:Trekeni 3870:Dating 3867:Burial 3839:Makuria 3835:Nobatia 3827:Ballana 3017:kandake 2926:Bar. 6 2893:Bar. 2 2771:kandake 2658:Bar. 8 2532:Nahirqo 2467:Tabirqo 2165:Burial 2126:kandake 2021:Bar. 11 1995:Bar. 14 1960:Nu. 15 1905:Nu. 14 1852:Nu. 13 1819:Nu. 17 1799:Nu. 12 1769:Nu. 16 1749:Nu. 11 1725:Nu. 19 1619:Nu. 10 1599:Nu. 18 1510:Nasalsa 1500:Aspelta 1481:Nasalsa 1428:Nu. 20 1390:Burial 1352:Qalhata 1309:Taharqa 1262:Shabaka 1235:Memphis 1147:pharaoh 1076:Burial 1041:pharaoh 873:Taharqa 834:Aspelta 604:Nahirqo 599:Tabirqo 430:Aspelta 405:Taharqa 400:Shabaka 373:Napatan 361:Pamiu I 349:Herihor 340:Setmose 324:Nahihor 317:Hori II 289:Anhotep 254:Paser I 178:Viceroy 170:Pharaoh 155:Kandake 40:Aspelta 32:Taharqa 9040:Kashta 9001:Piankh 8969:Hori I 8959:Messuy 8743: 8722: 8701: 8680: 8659: 8638: 8601: 8580: 8559: 8538: 8517: 8496: 8475: 8441: 8422: 8414: 8379: 8358: 8335: 8316: 8297: 8270: 8249: 8193: 8172: 8151: 4793:table. 4137:great. 3903:Meroë 3873:Notes 3843:Alodia 3819:Qustul 3811:Ferkeh 3807:Nubian 3537:Philae 2966:, and 2784:Bar. 4 2399:, and 2393:Philae 2162:Notes 2156:Reign 1955:Pelkha 1869:Kur. 1 1705:Nu. 4 1685:Nu. 2 1665:Nu. 7 1579:Nu. 5 1555:Nu. 9 1519:Nu. 8 1486:Nu. 6 1457:Nu. 3 1384:Reign 1328:Nu. 1 1160:Kur. 8 1124:Kashta 1109:Kur. 9 1104:Tabiry 1070:Reign 1037: 958:(from 952:Napata 913:Napata 842:Kashta 385:Kashta 344:Piankh 312:Hori I 302:Messuy 127:Rulers 9035:Alara 8978:Siese 8941:Setau 8871:Penre 8848:Kerma 8818:Nubia 8420:JSTOR 4494:tomb. 4003:Notes 3864:Site 3815:Gemai 3715:] 3668:(...) 3632:(...) 3628:(...) 3290:Meroë 3083:Amara 2397:Dakka 2150:Name 2040:amani 2038:(...) 1381:Name 1241:king 1085:Alara 1067:Name 1045:Egypt 1026:Alara 1000:Meroë 972:Meroë 960:Alara 929:Meroë 838:Alara 805:Meroë 380:Alara 321:Siese 284:Setau 214:Penre 192:Kerma 165:Nubia 74:Alara 60:Sudan 56:Nubia 9045:Piye 8964:Seti 8921:Yuny 8881:Nehi 8866:Seni 8861:Turo 8803:Qore 8741:ISBN 8720:ISBN 8699:ISBN 8678:ISBN 8657:ISBN 8636:ISBN 8599:ISBN 8578:ISBN 8557:ISBN 8536:ISBN 8515:ISBN 8494:ISBN 8473:ISBN 8439:ISBN 8412:ISSN 8377:ISBN 8356:ISBN 8333:ISBN 8314:ISBN 8295:ISBN 8268:ISBN 8247:ISBN 8191:ISBN 8170:ISBN 8149:ISBN 4738:two. 4679:qore 4618:Mash 4579:The 4509:l-qo 4480:and 4454:and 4317:-nht 4300:-nht 3821:and 3523:(♂?) 3469:and 3021:Nero 3013:qore 2968:Naqa 2964:Basa 2960:Kawa 2853:Naqa 2775:qore 2411:and 2344:and 2131:qore 2036:Kash 1550:Kheb 1319:Abar 1180:Piye 992:Nuri 846:Piye 840:and 390:Piye 307:Seti 264:Yuny 224:Nehi 209:Seni 204:Turo 174:Qore 125:and 8936:Huy 8404:doi 4588:CE. 4507:(.) 4150:of 3758:(♀) 3719:(♀) 3670:niñ 3664:(.) 3635:(♂) 3595:(♂) 3561:(♂) 3489:(♂) 3449:(♂) 3387:(♂) 3353:(♂) 3319:(♂) 3276:(♂) 3242:(♀) 3209:(♂) 3176:(♀) 3142:(♂) 3103:(♂) 3069:(♂) 3044:(♀) 2997:(♂) 2944:(♂) 2911:(♀) 2878:(♂) 2839:(♀) 2808:(♀) 2757:(♀) 2710:(♂) 2676:(♂) 2643:(♀) 2613:(♂) 2575:(♂) 2536:(♀) 2497:(♂) 2471:(♂) 2431:(♂) 2375:(♂) 2324:(♂) 2285:(♂) 2259:(♂) 2226:(♂) 2183:(♂) 1894:fl. 1198:). 1043:of 954:), 879:to 875:to 279:Huy 9415:: 8617:21 8456:. 8418:. 8410:. 8400:53 8398:. 8394:. 8109:^ 8080:^ 8065:^ 8040:^ 7973:^ 7948:^ 7915:^ 7870:^ 7851:^ 7806:^ 7771:^ 7732:^ 7687:^ 7642:^ 7615:^ 7600:^ 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Knowledge

List of monarchs of Kush

Index