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1225:, and the Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association, have focused educational efforts on youth littering. Negligent or lenient law enforcement contributes to littering behavior. Other causes are inconvenience, entitlement and economic conditions. A survey of dumping in Pennsylvania found that the largest number of illegal dumps were in townships without municipal trash hauling. The same report also cites unavailability of curbside trash and recycling service, shortage of enforcement, and habit as possible causes. The presence of litter invites more littering.
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Chris Snick, the revenue that can be obtained from waste picking can be financially profitable in countries where container deposit legislation has been introduced: in 1 hour he managed to pick up 108 cans and 31 plastic bottles, earning him 13.90 euro (€0.10 per can/plastic bottle). By comparison, in countries where only the value of the aluminum for example would be refunded, 139 cans would yield only 1.72 euro (0.0124 euro per can; assuming there is 15 grams of aluminum in a can, and with scrap aluminum valued at 0.8267 euro/kg).
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are some problems with this approach; if the bins are not emptied regularly, then the bins will overflow and can increase litter indirectly. Some local authorities will only take responsibility for rubbish that is placed in the bins, which means that litter remains a problem. People may blame a lack of well-placed bins for their littering. Hazardous materials may often be incorrectly disposed of in the bins and they can encourage
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1546:, who have mistaken them for food. Also, animals can get trapped in the rubbish and be in serious discomfort. For example, the plastic used to hold beverage cans together can get wrapped around animals' necks and cause them to suffocate as they grow. Other instances where animals could be harmed by litter include broken glass lacerating the paws of
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are the most often dumped hazardous waste. In 2007 the United States generated 262 million scrap tires. Thirty-eight states have laws that ban whole tires being deposited in landfills. Many of these discarded tires end up illegally dumped on public lands. Tires can become a breeding ground for insect
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In addition to intentional littering, almost half of litter on U.S. roadways is now accidental or unintentional litter, usually debris that falls off improperly secured trash, recycling collection vehicles and pickup trucks. Population levels, traffic density and proximity to waste disposal sites are
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Commercial properties such as retail, office and industrial have litter picking maintenance programs. This service may be provided by property owners or contracted to various service providers by property management companies acting on owner's behalf. Litter picking is performed on foot using simple
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Public waste containers or street bins are provided by local authorities to be used as a convenient place for the disposal and collection of litter. Increasingly both general waste and recycling options are provided. Local councils collect the waste and take it for reuse or recycling. However, there
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According to a study by the Dutch organization VROM, 80% of people claim that "everybody leaves a piece of paper, tin or something, on the street behind". Young people from 12 to 24 years cause more litter than the average (Dutch or
Belgian) person; only 18% of people who regularly cause litter were
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under section 18. It carries a maximum penalty of £2500 upon conviction. However, many local authorities issue fixed penalty notices under section 88 of the
Environmental Protection Act 1990. Often incorrectly known as "on the spot fines", they do not have to be issued on the spot. Nor are they a
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may be a response to the costs of dropping materials at designated sites: some of these charge a fee for depositing hazardous material. Lack of access to nearby facilities that accept hazardous waste may deter use. Additionally, ignorance of the laws that regulate the proper disposal of hazardous
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from this type of waste. The result of this is that in
Germany, hardly any cans or plastic bottles can still be found along the road. In the Netherlands, the amount of litter has dropped considerably since the new law was implemented, and 95% of the plastic bottles are now recycled. According to
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Litter traps can be used to capture litter as it exits stormwater drains into waterways. However, litter traps are only effective for large or floating items of litter and must be maintained. A recent watershed litter survey showed a difference in the composition of street litter and stormwater
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The theory has implications for understanding the different types of litter reduction interventions that will most effectively reduce littering in a given environment. The theory states that, all things being equal, passive littering will be more resistant to change because of two psychological
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United States - punishable by a minimum fine of $ 200 and a maximum fine of $ 1,000 or even more in some states for a first offence, community service, or both, as set out by state statutes and city ordinances. All 50 states have anti-litter laws, with various fines, community service, and/or
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that increases as the latency between when an individual places litter in the environment and when they vacate the territory, and 2. forgetting, which is also more likely to occur at longer delays between when an individual places litter in the environment and when they vacate the territory.
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Actions resulting in fines can include on-the-spot fines for individuals administered by authorised officers in public or on public transport or littering from a vehicle, in which the vehicle owner is fined - reported by either responsible officer or third party, sometimes online.
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50 years of age or older. However, a 2010 survey of littering in Maine, New
Hampshire and Vermont in the United States, placed litterers aged 55 and over at less than 5%. The same observational study estimated that 78% of litterers are male. Litter organizations, such as
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When tires are burned, they can smolder for long periods of time, emitting hundreds of chemical compounds that pollute the air causing respiratory illnesses. Additionally the residue left behind can harm the soil and leach into groundwater.
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The two-stage process model of littering behavior describes the different ways in which people litter. The model was proposed by Chris Sibley and James Liu and differentiates between two types of littering: active and passive.
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may be organized in which participants will sometimes comb an area in a line to ensure that no litter is missed. Organizations may promote litter cleanup events and may also have separate media campaigns to prevent littering.
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Litter also carries substantial cost to the economy. Cleaning up litter in the US costs hundreds of dollars per ton, about ten times more than the cost of trash disposal, with a cost totaling about $ 11 billion per year.
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are the most littered item in the world, with an estimated 4.5 trillion discarded each year. Estimates of the required time for cigarette butts to break down vary, ranging from 5 to 400 years for complete degradation.
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Throughout human history, people have disposed of unwanted materials onto streets, roadsides, in small local dumps or often in remote locations. Prior to reforms within cities in the mid-to-late 19th century,
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1815:. In New York, an expanded bottle bill that included plastic water bottles increased recycling rates and generated 120 million dollars in revenue to the state General Fund from unclaimed deposits in 2010.
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Kosako, A; Miyazaki, S; Inoue, U; Tasaki, T; Osako, M; Tamura, M (2009). "Detection of
Illegal Dumping Sites by Using Vegetation Index and Land Surface Feature from High Resolution Satellite Images".
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A small river's valley in India shows extensive littering of plastic and paper. Human waste, illustrated by the urinating man, increase fecal coliform and other bacteria levels in the water.
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hand tools. A worker will walk the sidewalks, parking lot and landscape and sweep up litter material into a litter collection tool. Contents are emptied into a waste bin on job site.
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1935:", founded in 1963. It created the popular "Do the Right Thing" campaign and its Tidy Towns competition became well known being a very competitive expression of civic pride.
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Open containers such as paper cups, cardboard food packets, plastic drink bottles and aluminum drinks cans get filled up with rainwater, providing breeding locations for
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Tasaki, T; Kawahata, T; Osako, M; Matsui, Y; Takagishi, S; Morita, A; Akishima, S (2007). "A GIS-based zoning of illegal dumping potential for efficient surveillance".
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Faris, J. and Hart, K., Seas of Debris: A Summary of the Third
International Conference on Marine Debris, N.C. Sea Grant College Program and NOAA, 1994, title page.
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These car tires were discarded on the Middle Branch of
Baltimore Harbor in this photo from 1973. Tire dumping is still a concern today and could be reduced by
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for the inaugural nationwide Earth Day CleanUp. Cleanups were held in all 50 States, 5 US Territories, 5,300 sites and had more than 500,000 volunteers.
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Sibley, C.G., & Liu, J.H. (2003). Differentiating active and passive littering: A two-stage process model of littering behavior in public spaces.
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can be aimed at both reducing littering and also encouraging picking up through local recycling programs that offer incentives, particularly for
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1984:(RCRA), which requires a "cradle to grave" approach to the proper handling of potentially hazardous materials. RCRA gives authority to the
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Australia - no national legislation, although state based environmental protection authorities have laws and fines to discourage littering.
1792:(GIS) to map areas of dumping based on site characteristics. Another study used satellite images to detect possible illegal dumping sites.
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has been introduced on cans and plastic bottles. Parts of
Belgium are also considering adopting such legislation. People can thus collect
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Novotny, T.E. & Zhao, F. (1999). Consumption and production waste: another externality of tobacco use. Tobacco
Control, 8, 75-80.
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2930:"McGregorTan Research, Keep Australia Beautiful National Branded Litter Study Annual Results 2011/12, Retrieved 16 January 2016"
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1981:
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on the ground, and leave them there indefinitely or for other people to dispose of as opposed to disposing of them correctly.
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and large industrial containers are sometimes dumped in isolated locations, such as national forests and other public lands.
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be deposited in a special location rather than sent to landfills with regular refuse. Household hazardous waste includes
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1429:. In addition, a spark or a lightning flash can start a fire if it strikes litter such as a paper bag or cardboard box.
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1941:
is a
British campaign run by the Keep Britain Tidy environmental charity, which is part funded by the UK government.
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in Sydney, Australia. Rubbish accumulated over months, perhaps years due to unsustained periods of frequent cleaning.
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Day is supported by many major Australian companies, firms and volunteers alike. Anti-litter organizations include "
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Increasingly, there have been efforts to use technology to monitor areas prone to dumping. In Japan, a study used
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In Kiwayu, a Kenyan island, some of the collected litter (flip-flops) is used to make art, which is then sold.
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Animals may get trapped or poisoned with litter in their habitats. Cigarette butts and filters are a threat to
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1988:(EPA) to regulate and enforce proper hazardous waste disposal. Many countries now have laws that require that
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fine. If an alleged offender does not want to pay a fixed penalty notice, they can have the case heard in the
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has held litter cleanups called the Great America Cleanup since 1998 in over 20,000 communities nationwide.
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of 1965 was enacted. In 1976 the Federal government amended the Solid Waste Disposal Act, creating the
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systems, ends up in local streams, rivers, and waterways. Uncollected litter can accrete and flow into
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Volunteers, sometimes alone or coordinated through organizations, pick up litter and dispose of it.
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1977:
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is the most common brand of litter, despite having messages to dispose of it properly, such as the
1570:. Cigarettes could also start fires if they are not put out and then discarded in the environment.
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1924:; Let's Pick It Up New York; Don't Trash California; Take Pride in Florida; Keep Iowa Beautiful.
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Many groups exist with the aim of raising awareness and run campaigns including clean up events.
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Switzerland - dumping refuse and household waste inappropriately or illegally incurs a heavy fine.
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1920:
in 1947. At least 38 states have high profile, government-recognized slogan campaigns, including
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Earth Day cleanups have been held globally since 1970. In 2019, Earth Day Network partnered with
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programs are popular, in which companies and organizations commit to cleaning stretches of road.
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1484:
778:
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353:
20:
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2558:"'PA CleanWays - Keep Pennsylvania Beautiful: Illegal Dump Survey Final Report York County 2010"
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cans were the three top brands that were the most common pieces of rubbish found in UK streets.
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are capable of generating larger quantities of litter per capita due to a higher consumption of
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1909:
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Litter is an environmental concern in many countries around the world. While countries in the
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Het Nieuwsblad, 23 august 2014; "13.90 euro voor wat gedeulte blikjes, geen slecht uurloon"
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2496:"Measuring the Effectiveness of a Stormwater Public Education Campaign: Survey of Practice"
2013:
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that have been discarded incorrectly, without consent, at an unsuitable location. The word
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Litter can be hazardous to health. Debris falling from vehicles is an increasing cause of
8:
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3411:"Public Information Films : 1964 to 1979 : Film index : Keep Britain Tidy"
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Some countries and local authorities have introduced legislation to address the problem.
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Navy sailors remove and dispose of used tires littering the waterways of a naval base in
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was not a government priority. The growing piles of waste led to the spread of disease.
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In the United States there are a number of organizations running anti-litter campaigns.
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2009:
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and be transported over large distances into the world's oceans. Litter can affect the
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in many countries. Litter can exist in the environment for long periods of time before
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Litter can have a detrimental impact on humans and the environment in different ways.
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generated at home is considered a hazardous waste and must be disposed of properly.
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3436:"Ad Council : Pollution: Keep America Beautiful - Iron Eyes Cody (1961-1983)"
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2751:"Waste Tires - Waste 2 Resources Program - Washington State Department of Ecology"
2201:
1885:, or BOA) fine citizens for throwing away cans, bottles or wrappers on the street.
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3486:"RCRA Orientation Manual: Managing Nonhazardous Solid Waste Retrieved 2012-05-15"
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1968:
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2595:"The Power of a Bad Example – A Field Experiment in Household Garbage Disposal"
1958:
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Litter can remain visible for extended periods of time before it eventually
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1976:
To address the growing amount of waste generated in the United States, the
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2020, an initiative of the municipality to stop littering in public places.
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lack the resources to deal with the issue, consumer-based economies in the
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or plastic possibly remaining in the environment for over a million years.
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2097:
2017:
2005:
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1297:; however, degraded litter cannot be recycled and eventually degrades to
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98:
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2443:. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association. March 9, 2011.
1368:. Rodents nest in accumulated tires and can transmit diseases such as
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2001:
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1997:
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1403:. Ingestion of plastic flotsam can be an increasing health risk to
1302:
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Rubbish on a street corner in Germantown, Maryland, left behind by
273:
16:
Waste products disposed of incorrectly at an inappropriate location
3792:
2535:
2107:
1615:
1365:
1278:. Litter in the ocean either washes up on beaches or collects in
1267:
1168:
3762:
2314:"Highway Debris, Long an Eyesore, Grows as Hazard - NYTimes.com"
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items, including monofilament from fishing nets and a discarded
1301:, often toxic. The majority of litter that is collected goes to
3737:
3549:
2812:"Health and Environmental Concerns /Tires retrieved 05/15/2012"
1993:
1961:, as is evidenced by a road marker discovered on the island of
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The Netherlands - Dutch police and local supervisors (known as
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911:
891:
798:
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2501:. California Department of Transportation. December 4, 2019.
1962:
1647:
1543:
1064:
921:
866:
258:
2438:"BASMAA Five-Year Regional Strategic Outreach Plan: Litter"
1602:
packaging is one of the most common forms of litter, while
1539:
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resulting from litter can cause accidental harm to humans.
1352:
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litter trap on the river to catch floating rubbish on the
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means to drop and leave objects, often man-made, such as
1862:
United Kingdom - Leaving litter is an offence under the
1854:
Specific legislation exists in the following countries:
1818:
In some countries such as Germany and the Netherlands,
1262:
About 18 percent of litter, usually traveling through
1205:
factors known to correlate with higher litter rates.
2777:"Basic information/scrap tires retrieved 05/15/2012"
2346:"Northeast 2010 Litter Survey, Retrieved 2012.05.16"
2139:
1957:
Anti-littering legislation seems to have existed in
4250:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
3051:"Earth Day Network Launches Great Global Clean Up"
2904:"Study reveals McDonalds to be pick of the litter"
1967:"whoever drops their litter on the street owes 51
3461:"73. Στήλη λευκού Παριακού μαρμάρου ελλιπής κάτω"
3106:"UniquEco: The Flip Flop Project | Artisans"
2470:"Clean up your act and bin the litter, say stars"
1646:Holder for waste bags at a playground in central
4383:
2966:"Coke, Cadbury and Walkers 'most dumped' brands"
2340:
2338:
2220:
2218:
1795:
1337:and other items of illegally dumped rubbish can
3220:Journal of the Remote Sensing Society of Japan
1912:was founded in 1953, and promulgated the word
1360:, which breed in stagnant water, can transmit
1356:vectors which can transmit disease to humans.
3576:
2335:
2215:
1868:Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005
1598:A number of credible studies have shown that
1090:Large and hazardous items of rubbish such as
1029:
3384:Legislatures, National Conference of State.
2288:"Debris Wreaks Havoc on the Road - ABC News"
2884:Litter management - Townsville City Council
1783:
1498:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1255:, with some items made of condensed glass,
3583:
3569:
3272:"Wallonië wil statiegeld op blik invoeren"
2413:"Volunteers Pick Up Litter in Sabana Park"
1562:Organic litter in large amounts can cause
1228:
1036:
1022:
45:
1518:Learn how and when to remove this message
3522:"Resource Conservation and Recovery Act"
3383:
3360:"If you've been reported - EPA Victoria"
2806:
2804:
2802:
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1892:
1834:
1750:
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1633:
1378:
1333:Hazardous materials encapsulated within
1320:
1047:
4280:High-level radioactive waste management
3310:"How To Make Money Selling Scrap Metal"
2592:
1638:"No littering" sign as used in the U.S.
1534:and have been found in the stomachs of
4384:
3252:from the original on November 11, 2013
3160:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2822:from the original on 24 September 2015
2787:from the original on 24 September 2015
2686:"Teaching Leave No Trace. (Editorial)"
2669:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2476:from the original on December 16, 2022
2382:"Illegal Dumping Prevention Guidebook"
1982:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
1459:
3564:
3108:. Swahili-imports.com. Archived from
2799:
2683:
2311:
1293:Some litter that is collected can be
4295:Sewage regulation and administration
1859:imprisonment as possible punishment.
1496:adding citations to reliable sources
1463:
1387:from a Hawaiian albatross (either a
1316:
2508:from the original on March 20, 2023
2472:. Belfast Telegraph. July 5, 2008.
1213:waste may cause improper disposal.
264:Radium and radon in the environment
13:
3086:from the original on 23 March 2018
2996:"About the Great American Cleanup"
2910:from the original on March 3, 2013
2450:from the original on March 9, 2023
1839:No littering sign at a highway in
14:
4408:
3542:
3386:"States with Littering Penalties"
2901:
2684:Brody, Jeremy (10 January 1998).
2200:. Mcclatchydc.com. Archived from
2195:
1864:Environmental Protection Act 1990
1610:"tidy man" marking. According to
1593:
4345:
4344:
4333:
4275:Extended producer responsibility
3761:
3548:
3362:. Epa.vic.gov.au. Archived from
2976:from the original on 5 July 2019
1971:to whoever wishes to claim them"
1883:buitengewoon opsporingsambtenaar
1557:
1468:
1190:
1178:
1160:
1144:
1003:
991:
3833:Mechanical biological treatment
3528:from the original on 2013-01-29
3514:
3502:from the original on 2015-06-17
3478:
3467:from the original on 2017-12-16
3453:
3428:
3417:from the original on 2012-01-16
3403:
3377:
3352:
3341:from the original on 2015-09-22
3327:
3316:from the original on 2014-04-04
3302:
3293:
3282:from the original on 2014-08-26
3264:
3238:
3211:
3168:
3123:
3098:
3068:
3057:from the original on 2019-12-23
3043:
3032:from the original on 2019-08-28
3018:
2988:
2958:
2922:
2895:
2877:
2859:
2848:from the original on 2011-06-28
2834:
2769:
2743:
2734:
2723:from the original on 2011-10-26
2715:Christina Macfarlane, for CNN.
2708:
2677:
2632:
2619:
2586:
2550:
2520:
2488:
2462:
2430:
2419:from the original on 2013-11-13
2405:
2394:from the original on 2013-04-27
2374:
2324:from the original on 2012-11-11
2294:from the original on 2011-06-28
2238:from the original on 2020-09-24
1986:Environmental Protection Agency
1746:
1290:comes from land-based sources.
1223:Keep Northern Ireland Beautiful
1111:human impact on the environment
1071:can also be used as a verb: to
84:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
2844:. ABCnews.go.com. 2007-05-15.
2312:Leigh, Patricia (2007-05-11).
2305:
2290:. Abcnews.go.com. 2007-05-15.
2280:
2249:
2189:
2164:
2130:
1790:Geographic Information Systems
1654:
953:Least polluted cities by PM2.5
1:
2124:
1820:container-deposit legislation
1801:Container deposit legislation
1796:Container deposit legislation
1422:is a major effect of litter.
1246:
1079:, paper cups, food wrappers,
424:Electrical resistance heating
3197:10.1016/j.wasman.2006.01.018
3002:. 2016-01-25. Archived from
2593:Dur, Robert; Vollaard, Ben.
2088:Litter in the United Kingdom
2068:List of environmental issues
2016:, and yard products such as
1916:, coined by its partner the
1629:
134:Persistent organic pollutant
7:
4285:History of waste management
3413:. Nationalarchives.gov.uk.
2093:Litter in the United States
2039:
1866:. This was extended by the
1554:, and other small mammals.
1284:Great Pacific Garbage Patch
1240:diffusion of responsibility
10:
4413:
3873:fluorescent lamp recycling
3246:"Bottle Bills in the News"
2049:, citizen cleanup projects
1965:, bearing the inscription
1944:
1901:The International Tidy Man
1703:Charleston, South Carolina
1692:
1658:
1308:
18:
4328:
4242:
4211:
4121:
3973:
3770:
3759:
3606:
2172:"Umweltthemen Zigaretten"
2078:Litter in the Netherlands
1990:household hazardous waste
1573:
1135:
679:War and environmental law
299:Health effects from noise
149:Volatile organic compound
4255:China's waste import ban
3026:"Earth Day 2019 CleanUp"
2627:Environment and Behavior
1978:Solid Waste Disposal Act
1933:Keep Australia Beautiful
1830:
1784:Monitoring dumping sites
304:Marine mammals and sonar
3616:Agricultural wastewater
2906:. thesatellite.com.au.
2889:March 28, 2011, at the
2871:August 5, 2009, at the
2528:"The York Daily Record"
2147:"Littering Information"
1395:) has several ingested
1229:Two-stage process model
779:Freshwater salinization
699:Agricultural wastewater
21:Litter (disambiguation)
4340:Environment portal
4018:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3908:water recycling shower
1910:Keep America Beautiful
1902:
1844:
1776:
1730:Keep America Beautiful
1723:Keep America Beautiful
1706:
1681:
1651:
1639:
1416:
1389:black-footed albatross
1330:
1286:. About 80 percent of
1219:Keep America Beautiful
1113:and remains a serious
1057:
998:Environment portal
3708:Municipal solid waste
3688:Industrial wastewater
2532:The York Daily Record
2083:Litter in New Zealand
1922:Don't Mess with Texas
1900:
1893:Anti-litter campaigns
1838:
1754:
1700:
1668:
1645:
1637:
1413:French Frigate Shoals
1382:
1324:
1115:environmental problem
1096:electrical appliances
1051:
739:Industrial wastewater
507:Municipal solid waste
429:Soil guideline values
3903:water heat recycling
3808:Garden waste dumping
3557:at Wikimedia Commons
3232:10.11440/rssj.29.497
2014:disposable batteries
1734:National Cleanup Day
1618:chocolate wrappers,
1492:improve this section
1434:automobile accidents
1341:into water sources,
1109:Litter is a type of
948:Most polluted cities
600:Overhead power lines
19:For other uses, see
4270:Eco-industrial park
3858:appliance recycling
3778:Anaerobic digestion
3723:Post-consumer waste
3621:Biodegradable waste
3189:2007WaMan..27..256T
2565:keeppabeautiful.org
2538:on 11 November 2013
2387:. 29 January 2013.
2362:on 16 February 2017
2073:Litter in Australia
1588:disposable products
1460:Effects on wildlife
1197:Littering in nature
1153:Strathfield station
764:Ocean acidification
674:Unexploded ordnance
595:Advertising clutter
527:Post-consumer waste
472:Foam food container
457:Biodegradable waste
114:Global distillation
4315:Waste minimisation
4260:Cleaner production
3925:Reusable packaging
3838:Mechanical sorting
3641:Construction waste
3278:. 19 August 2014.
2153:on October 6, 2012
2010:fluorescent lights
1929:Clean Up Australia
1903:
1845:
1824:refund value money
1777:
1717:In North America,
1707:
1682:
1652:
1640:
1622:crisp packets and
1417:
1331:
1058:
1010:Ecology portal
635:Herbicidal warfare
179:Introduced species
119:Indoor air quality
89:Chlorofluorocarbon
4379:
4378:
4310:Waste legislation
4219:Sanitation worker
4193:London Convention
4129:Bamako Convention
3920:Resource recovery
3888:textile recycling
3883:plastic recycling
3863:battery recycling
3803:Ecological design
3728:Radioactive waste
3553:Media related to
3028:. 26 April 2019.
2696:on 14 August 2007
2118:World Cleanup Day
2113:Throwaway society
1939:Keep Britain Tidy
1873:Magistrates Court
1612:Keep Britain Tidy
1528:
1527:
1520:
1317:Effects on humans
1208:Illegally dumped
1054:Monterrey, Mexico
1046:
1045:
981:
980:
647:Nuclear holocaust
570:Urban heat island
384:Radioactive waste
169:Biological hazard
79:Air quality index
4404:
4348:
4347:
4338:
4337:
4203:OSPAR Convention
4134:Basel Convention
3945:Waste collection
3935:Sewage treatment
3893:timber recycling
3868:bottle recycling
3848:Reclaimed lumber
3843:Photodegradation
3765:
3683:Industrial waste
3651:Electronic waste
3646:Demolition waste
3626:Biomedical waste
3600:waste management
3585:
3578:
3571:
3562:
3561:
3552:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3501:
3490:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3438:. Archived from
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3388:. Archived from
3381:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3177:Waste Management
3172:
3166:
3165:
3159:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3142:
3136:. Archived from
3135:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3053:. 4 April 2019.
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2939:. Archived from
2934:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2899:
2893:
2881:
2875:
2866:Newsobserver.com
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2842:"ABCnews.go.com"
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2808:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2753:. Archived from
2747:
2741:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2692:. Archived from
2681:
2675:
2674:
2668:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2651:
2645:. Archived from
2644:
2636:
2630:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2607:on July 29, 2012
2606:
2600:. Archived from
2599:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2574:on 27 April 2013
2573:
2567:. Archived from
2562:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2534:. Archived from
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2507:
2500:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2442:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2393:
2386:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2355:. Archived from
2350:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2262:. Archived from
2261:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2237:
2230:
2226:"Erplanning.com"
2222:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2198:"Mcclathydc.com"
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2174:. Archived from
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2149:. Archived from
2143:
2137:
2134:
2032:. Additionally,
1843:, Massachusetts.
1580:developing world
1523:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1472:
1464:
1420:Visual pollution
1393:Laysan albatross
1194:
1182:
1164:
1148:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1008:
1007:
1006:
996:
995:
927:
926:
630:Chemical warfare
532:Waste management
492:Industrial waste
467:Electronic waste
452:Advertising mail
434:Phytoremediation
409:Land degradation
349:Depleted uranium
234:Overillumination
184:Invasive species
49:
26:
25:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4351:Category: Waste
4332:
4324:
4305:Waste hierarchy
4238:
4229:Waste collector
4207:
4198:Oslo Convention
4117:
3969:
3965:Waste-to-energy
3960:Waste treatment
3930:Right to repair
3828:Landfill mining
3813:Illegal dumping
3766:
3757:
3718:Packaging waste
3713:Open defecation
3673:Hazardous waste
3602:
3589:
3545:
3540:
3531:
3529:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3470:
3468:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3445:
3443:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3420:
3418:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3395:
3393:
3382:
3378:
3369:
3367:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3344:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3319:
3317:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3285:
3283:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3255:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3216:
3212:
3173:
3169:
3153:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3131:"Archived copy"
3129:
3128:
3124:
3115:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3080:www.theffrc.com
3074:
3073:
3069:
3060:
3058:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3035:
3033:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2946:on 9 April 2018
2943:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2900:
2896:
2891:Wayback Machine
2882:
2878:
2873:Wayback Machine
2864:
2860:
2851:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2825:
2823:
2810:
2809:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2760:
2758:
2757:on July 8, 2008
2749:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2726:
2724:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2697:
2682:
2678:
2662:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2640:"Archived copy"
2638:
2637:
2633:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2422:
2420:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2327:
2325:
2310:
2306:
2297:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2207:
2205:
2194:
2190:
2181:
2179:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2156:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2063:Illegal dumping
2047:Citizen Science
2042:
1947:
1895:
1833:
1813:plastic bottles
1798:
1786:
1749:
1719:Adopt a Highway
1711:Clean up events
1695:
1687:dumpster diving
1678:railway station
1663:
1661:Waste container
1657:
1632:
1608:Ronald McDonald
1596:
1576:
1564:water pollution
1560:
1524:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1489:
1473:
1462:
1438:dangerous goods
1362:West Nile virus
1319:
1311:
1249:
1231:
1210:hazardous waste
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1138:
1129:Cigarette butts
1123:quality of life
1085:plastic bottles
1081:cardboard boxes
1042:
1004:
1002:
990:
983:
982:
882:
874:
873:
847:
839:
838:
774:Pharmaceuticals
754:Nonpoint source
694:
684:
683:
652:Nuclear fallout
625:
615:
614:
585:
575:
574:
565:
555:
554:
545:
537:
536:
522:Packaging waste
487:Hazardous waste
447:
439:
438:
399:
389:
388:
359:Nuclear fallout
354:Nuclear fission
334:
324:
323:
289:
279:
278:
254:
246:
245:
219:
217:Electromagnetic
209:
208:
199:
191:
190:
164:
154:
153:
124:Ozone depletion
69:
59:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4410:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4342:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4224:Street sweeper
4221:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4108:United Kingdom
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3979:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3898:tire recycling
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3878:land recycling
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3788:Biodegradation
3785:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3748:Surface runoff
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3636:Chemical waste
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3544:
3543:External links
3541:
3539:
3538:
3513:
3477:
3452:
3427:
3402:
3376:
3351:
3326:
3301:
3292:
3263:
3237:
3226:(3): 497–514.
3210:
3167:
3122:
3097:
3067:
3042:
3017:
2987:
2957:
2921:
2894:
2876:
2858:
2833:
2798:
2768:
2742:
2733:
2707:
2676:
2631:
2629:, 35, 415–433.
2618:
2585:
2549:
2519:
2487:
2461:
2429:
2404:
2373:
2334:
2320:. California.
2318:New York Times
2304:
2279:
2248:
2214:
2196:Greve, Frank.
2188:
2163:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2012:, spray cans,
1959:ancient Greece
1946:
1943:
1927:In Australia,
1894:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1879:
1876:
1860:
1832:
1829:
1805:aluminium cans
1797:
1794:
1785:
1782:
1765:Birrarung Marr
1757:Parks Victoria
1748:
1745:
1694:
1691:
1659:Main article:
1656:
1653:
1631:
1628:
1595:
1594:Branded litter
1592:
1575:
1572:
1559:
1556:
1526:
1525:
1476:
1474:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1327:tire recycling
1318:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1248:
1245:
1238:processes: 1.
1230:
1227:
1196:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1166:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1065:waste products
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1000:
985:
984:
979:
978:
977:
976:
968:
967:
963:
962:
961:
960:
955:
950:
945:
943:Law by country
940:
932:
931:
925:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
883:
880:
879:
876:
875:
872:
871:
870:
869:
864:
854:
848:
845:
844:
841:
840:
837:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
814:Surface runoff
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
714:Eutrophication
711:
706:
701:
695:
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
676:
671:
669:Scorched earth
666:
665:
664:
662:Nuclear winter
659:
657:Nuclear famine
654:
644:
643:
642:
632:
626:
621:
620:
617:
616:
613:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
586:
581:
580:
577:
576:
573:
572:
566:
561:
560:
557:
556:
553:
552:
546:
543:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
448:
445:
444:
441:
440:
437:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
414:Bioremediation
411:
406:
400:
395:
394:
391:
390:
387:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
344:Bioremediation
341:
335:
330:
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
294:Transportation
290:
285:
284:
281:
280:
277:
276:
271:
266:
261:
255:
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
243:
241:Radio spectrum
238:
237:
236:
231:
220:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
187:
186:
176:
171:
165:
160:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
109:Global dimming
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
70:
65:
64:
61:
60:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4409:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4372:
4371:Organizations
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4343:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4290:Landfill fire
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4139:EU directives
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4113:United States
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3950:Waste sorting
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3698:Marine debris
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3581:
3579:
3574:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3498:
3494:
3487:
3481:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3442:on 2008-10-30
3441:
3437:
3431:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3392:on 2013-05-17
3391:
3387:
3380:
3366:on 2012-03-17
3365:
3361:
3355:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3296:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3183:(2): 256–67.
3182:
3178:
3171:
3163:
3157:
3143:on 2016-01-08
3139:
3132:
3126:
3112:on 2012-09-29
3111:
3107:
3101:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3076:"theffrc.com"
3071:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3006:on 2019-07-18
3005:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2925:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2862:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2737:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2680:
2672:
2666:
2652:on 2012-04-28
2648:
2641:
2635:
2628:
2622:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2553:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2504:
2497:
2491:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2446:
2439:
2433:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2390:
2383:
2377:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2269:on 2017-02-16
2265:
2258:
2257:"NJClean.org"
2252:
2234:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2204:on 2009-08-05
2203:
2199:
2192:
2178:on 2016-05-12
2177:
2173:
2167:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2035:
2034:medical waste
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1837:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1809:glass bottles
1806:
1802:
1793:
1791:
1781:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1712:
1704:
1699:
1690:
1688:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1649:
1644:
1636:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1584:western world
1581:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1558:Other effects
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1522:
1519:
1511:
1508:February 2021
1501:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1477:This section
1475:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1345:the soil and
1344:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1323:
1314:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1288:marine debris
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1241:
1235:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1193:
1181:
1170:
1163:
1154:
1147:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1119:decomposition
1116:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:aluminum cans
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1052:Littering in
1050:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1001:
999:
994:
989:
988:
987:
986:
975:
972:
971:
970:
969:
965:
964:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
934:
933:
929:
928:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
878:
877:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
843:
842:
835:
832:
830:
829:Water quality
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
693:
688:
687:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
648:
645:
641:
638:
637:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
624:
619:
618:
611:
608:
606:
605:Traffic signs
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
587:
584:
579:
578:
571:
568:
567:
564:
559:
558:
551:
548:
547:
541:
540:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
512:Nanomaterials
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
443:
442:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
398:
393:
392:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
374:Radioactivity
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
333:
328:
327:
320:
319:Soundproofing
317:
315:
314:Noise control
312:
310:
309:Noise barrier
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
288:
283:
282:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
250:
249:
242:
239:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
225:
222:
221:
218:
213:
212:
205:
202:
201:
195:
194:
185:
182:
181:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
163:
158:
157:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
71:
68:
63:
62:
58:
54:
48:
44:
43:
40:
37:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
4243:Other topics
4234:Waste picker
4161:incineration
3940:Urban mining
3818:Incineration
3798:Durable good
3743:Sharps waste
3703:Mining waste
3692:
3530:. Retrieved
3516:
3504:. Retrieved
3492:
3480:
3469:. Retrieved
3455:
3444:. Retrieved
3440:the original
3430:
3419:. Retrieved
3405:
3394:. Retrieved
3390:the original
3379:
3368:. Retrieved
3364:the original
3354:
3343:. Retrieved
3329:
3318:. Retrieved
3304:
3295:
3284:. Retrieved
3276:De Standaard
3275:
3266:
3254:. Retrieved
3240:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3145:. Retrieved
3138:the original
3125:
3114:. Retrieved
3110:the original
3100:
3088:. Retrieved
3079:
3070:
3059:. Retrieved
3045:
3034:. Retrieved
3020:
3008:. Retrieved
3004:the original
2999:
2990:
2978:. Retrieved
2969:
2960:
2948:. Retrieved
2941:the original
2936:
2924:
2912:. Retrieved
2897:
2879:
2861:
2850:. Retrieved
2836:
2824:. Retrieved
2815:
2789:. Retrieved
2780:
2771:
2759:. Retrieved
2755:the original
2745:
2736:
2725:. Retrieved
2710:
2698:. Retrieved
2694:the original
2689:
2679:
2654:. Retrieved
2647:the original
2634:
2626:
2621:
2609:. Retrieved
2602:the original
2588:
2576:. Retrieved
2569:the original
2564:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2536:the original
2531:
2522:
2512:December 16,
2510:. Retrieved
2490:
2480:December 16,
2478:. Retrieved
2464:
2454:December 16,
2452:. Retrieved
2432:
2421:. Retrieved
2407:
2396:. Retrieved
2376:
2364:. Retrieved
2357:the original
2352:
2326:. Retrieved
2317:
2307:
2296:. Retrieved
2282:
2271:. Retrieved
2264:the original
2251:
2240:. Retrieved
2206:. Retrieved
2202:the original
2191:
2180:. Retrieved
2176:the original
2166:
2155:. Retrieved
2151:the original
2141:
2132:
2030:insecticides
1975:
1966:
1956:
1948:
1937:
1926:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1882:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1817:
1799:
1787:
1778:
1747:Litter traps
1742:
1738:
1727:
1716:
1708:
1683:
1676:at a German
1597:
1577:
1568:algal blooms
1566:and lead to
1561:
1529:
1514:
1505:
1490:Please help
1478:
1454:
1446:sharps waste
1436:. Discarded
1431:
1424:
1418:
1374:
1351:
1332:
1312:
1292:
1282:such as the
1261:
1250:
1236:
1232:
1221:affiliates,
1215:
1207:
1203:
1151:Platform of
1127:
1108:
1089:
1072:
1068:
1063:consists of
1060:
1059:
917:Point source
862:Heavy metals
824:Urban runoff
809:Sulfur water
784:Septic tanks
640:Agent Orange
550:Space debris
496:
404:Agricultural
269:Volcanic ash
129:Particulates
4265:Downcycling
4212:Occupations
4181:waste water
4078:Switzerland
4068:South Korea
4058:New Zealand
3983:Afghanistan
3955:Waste trade
3915:Repurposing
3753:Toxic waste
3733:Scrap metal
3668:Green waste
3631:Brown waste
3608:Major types
3335:"Littering"
3000:www.kab.org
2719:. CNN.com.
2353:njclean.org
2098:Road debris
2018:fertilizers
2006:light bulbs
1761:Yarra River
1674:rubbish bin
1655:Litter bins
1409:Tern Island
1405:albatrosses
1343:contaminate
1280:ocean gyres
1253:biodegrades
1169:panhandlers
1100:electronics
887:Area source
729:Groundwater
482:Green waste
462:Brown waste
446:Solid waste
204:Information
99:Exhaust gas
4397:Sanitation
4386:Categories
4320:Zero waste
4122:Agreements
4053:Kazakhstan
4008:Bangladesh
3793:Composting
3678:Heat waste
3663:Food waste
3656:by country
3532:2013-02-03
3471:2017-12-16
3446:2009-04-23
3421:2012-02-21
3396:2012-07-22
3370:2012-02-21
3345:2015-09-03
3320:2014-08-25
3286:2014-08-25
3147:2015-12-09
3116:2012-11-06
3061:2019-07-18
3036:2019-07-18
2937:kab.org.au
2852:2012-02-21
2727:2012-02-21
2700:14 October
2656:2011-09-23
2423:2013-02-03
2398:2013-02-03
2328:2012-02-21
2298:2012-02-21
2273:2012-02-21
2242:2012-02-21
2208:2012-02-21
2182:2020-01-23
2157:2013-02-03
2125:References
2026:herbicides
2022:pesticides
1952:sanitation
1918:Ad Council
1604:McDonald's
1427:mosquitoes
1401:toothbrush
1370:Hantavirus
1358:Mosquitoes
1264:stormwater
1247:Life cycle
974:By country
966:Categories
857:Pollutants
834:Wastewater
804:Stagnation
749:Monitoring
724:Freshwater
590:Air travel
477:Food waste
419:Defecation
229:Ecological
162:Biological
94:Combustion
51:Litter in
29:Part of a
4300:Upcycling
4166:landfills
4156:framework
4149:Recycling
4144:batteries
4073:Sri Lanka
4033:Hong Kong
3998:Australia
3975:Countries
3853:Recycling
3771:Processes
3592:Biosolids
2717:"CNN.com"
2058:Earth Day
2002:chemicals
1914:litterbug
1773:Australia
1769:Melbourne
1670:Recycling
1630:Solutions
1624:Coca-Cola
1614:in 2013,
1600:fast food
1479:does not
1450:pathogens
1444:, tires,
1442:chemicals
1349:the air.
1303:landfills
1276:estuaries
1257:styrofoam
1104:batteries
902:Garbology
819:Turbidity
769:Oil spill
719:Firewater
704:Biosolids
610:Vandalism
369:Poisoning
364:Plutonium
339:Actinides
332:Radiation
74:Acid rain
53:Stockholm
39:Pollution
4361:Journals
4176:vehicles
4098:Thailand
4088:Tanzania
3823:Landfill
3783:Balefill
3526:Archived
3506:27 March
3497:Archived
3465:Archived
3415:Archived
3339:Archived
3314:Archived
3280:Archived
3250:Archived
3205:16531036
3156:cite web
3090:27 March
3084:Archived
3055:Archived
3030:Archived
2974:Archived
2970:Scotsman
2950:27 March
2914:March 1,
2908:Archived
2887:Archived
2869:Archived
2846:Archived
2826:27 March
2820:Archived
2791:27 March
2785:Archived
2721:Archived
2665:cite web
2578:27 March
2542:27 March
2503:Archived
2474:Archived
2445:Archived
2417:Archived
2389:Archived
2366:27 March
2322:Archived
2292:Archived
2233:Archived
2103:Spitting
2053:Cleaning
2040:See also
1998:solvents
1969:drachmae
1841:Cape Cod
1780:litter.
1532:wildlife
1295:recycled
1270:, local
958:Treaties
938:Diseases
794:Shipping
759:Nutrient
709:Diseases
274:Wildfire
4028:Georgia
4003:Belgium
3993:Armenia
3988:Albania
3493:epa.gov
3256:May 16,
3185:Bibcode
3010:17 July
2902:cowen.
2816:epa.gov
2781:epa.gov
2690:blm.gov
2108:SpoGomi
1945:History
1693:Cleanup
1620:Walkers
1616:Cadbury
1500:removed
1485:sources
1397:flotsam
1366:malaria
1347:pollute
1309:Effects
1268:streams
852:History
734:Hypoxia
563:Thermal
517:Plastic
379:Uranium
253:Natural
198:Digital
174:Genetic
4392:Litter
4349:
4103:Turkey
4093:Taiwan
4063:Russia
4043:Israel
4013:Brazil
3738:Sewage
3693:Litter
3598:, and
3555:Litter
3203:
2980:5 July
2761:May 5,
2611:Jul 2,
1994:paints
1574:Extent
1544:whales
1299:sludge
1136:Causes
1073:litter
1069:litter
1061:Litter
912:Midden
907:Legacy
892:Debris
846:Topics
799:Sludge
789:Sewage
744:Marine
583:Visual
502:Mining
497:Litter
57:Sweden
31:series
4366:Lists
4356:Index
4083:Syria
4048:Japan
4038:India
4023:Egypt
3596:waste
3500:(PDF)
3489:(PDF)
3141:(PDF)
3134:(PDF)
2944:(PDF)
2933:(PDF)
2650:(PDF)
2643:(PDF)
2605:(PDF)
2598:(PDF)
2572:(PDF)
2561:(PDF)
2506:(PDF)
2499:(PDF)
2448:(PDF)
2441:(PDF)
2392:(PDF)
2385:(PDF)
2360:(PDF)
2349:(PDF)
2267:(PDF)
2260:(PDF)
2236:(PDF)
2229:(PDF)
1963:Paros
1831:Fines
1648:Ystad
1540:birds
1391:or a
1385:bolus
1383:This
1353:Tires
1339:leach
1335:tires
1092:tires
930:Lists
922:Waste
867:Paint
692:Water
544:Space
287:Noise
259:Ozone
224:Light
4186:WEEE
4171:RoHS
3508:2018
3258:2012
3201:PMID
3162:link
3092:2018
3012:2019
2982:2019
2952:2018
2916:2013
2828:2018
2793:2018
2763:2012
2702:2009
2671:link
2613:2012
2580:2018
2544:2018
2514:2022
2482:2022
2456:2022
2368:2018
2028:and
1996:and
1811:and
1732:and
1672:and
1552:cats
1548:dogs
1542:and
1536:fish
1483:any
1481:cite
1448:and
1364:and
1274:and
1272:bays
897:Dust
881:Misc
397:Soil
144:Soot
139:Smog
104:Haze
3228:doi
3193:doi
1767:in
1763:at
1494:by
1083:or
623:War
67:Air
4388::
3594:,
3524:.
3495:.
3491:.
3463:.
3337:.
3312:.
3274:.
3248:.
3224:29
3222:.
3199:.
3191:.
3181:27
3179:.
3158:}}
3154:{{
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2024:,
2020:,
2008:,
2004:,
2000:,
1973:.
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