1585:, who had hitherto commanded the Song armies, and took charge himself. The empire's decline was shown in 450 CE, where the emperor attempted to destroy the Northern Wei himself, and launched a massive invasion. Although initially successful, the campaign turned into a disaster. The Wei lured the Liu Song to cross the Yellow River, and then flanked them, destroying the Eastern army. As the Liu Song armies retreated, the provinces south of the Yellow River were devastated by the Wei army. Only Huatai, a fortified city, held out against the Wei. However, the economic damage was immense. The barbarian troops laid waste to the provinces they had temporarily occupied, as described by
442:
1638:, who was generally regarded as a tyrant. He disrespected his father and was suspicious of his uncles, putting several of them to death. He continued the incestuous streak of his father, adopting several of his aunts and cousins as concubines. He was reputed to have ordered all of the princesses to come to his palace and have sexual intercourse with him. When one of his aunts refused, he executed her three sons. He also put to death a lady-in-waiting who bore a resemblance to a woman who cursed him in a dream. Eventually, one of his uncles could not bear it, rose up, and assassinated him.
1647:
2192:
159:
2457:
1721:
171:
2087:
43:
1594:
shaken so that the infants would scream as they were spun, for entertainment. The commanderies and counties that Wei forces went through were burned and slaughtered, and not even grass was left. When sparrows returned in the spring, they could not find houses to build nest on, so they had to do so in forests. Wei soldiers and horses also suffered casualties of more than half, and the
Xianbei people were all complaining.
1473:
1452:. Emperor Ming was especially vicious, murdering many of his brothers, nephews, and other male relatives — many of them children. Such internal instability eventually led to the dynasty's destruction. However, its founder Emperor Wu was considered one of the greatest generals during the Northern and Southern dynasties period, and the reign of its third emperor,
1578:
River. However, the emperor's unwillingness to advance past this line caused the destruction of the empire's ally, Xia, by the Wei. The emperor was to repeat this mistake as several barbarian states who had offered to ally with Liu Song against Wei were declined, eventually leading to Wei's unification of the North in 439 CE, to the detriment of the
Chinese.
1519:
battles, as well as an army of
Northern Wei troops which had crossed to assist the Later Qin, Liu Yu recaptured the vital cities of Chang'an and Luoyang, the former capitals of the Jin Empire. It is recorded that he engaged the Wei army by the use of spears launched by crossbows, panicking the Wei cavalry and allowing him to score a decisive victory.
1673:
This resulted in the loss of the
Chinese heartland and the most fertile and cultivated lands at that time. This loss would eventually lead to the destruction of the southern regime, and resulted in North China languishing under a barbarian yoke for another 150 years. Although Emperor Ming attempted to recover them, his attempts were defeated.
1527:(present-day Nanjing), abandoning the management of the North to his general Wang Zhen'e. After his departure, the state of Xia attacked Guanzhong and reoccupied it, and the loss of these lands prescribed Jin's frontier at the Yellow River. However, Jin retained its former eastern capital, Luoyang, as well as most of the Chinese heartland.
1492:'s younger brother Liu Jiao, he was still born into poverty. He joined the army at a young age, quickly distinguished himself in the army and was quickly promoted to the command of an army, the Beifu corps. Liu Yu was instrumental in fighting the rebel Huan Xuan. After Huan Xuan's fall, Liu Yu gained control of the
2945:(A dissertation presented by Qiaomei Tang to The Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of East Asian Languages and Civilizations). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University. pp. 151, 152, 153.
1630:
Liu Shao's assassination of his father in 453 CE raised indignation across the empire, as it disobeyed one of
Confucianism's fundamental principles, that of filial piety. Quickly, his brother Liu Jun rose against him, defeated him, and beheaded him. Once Liu Shao was killed. Liu Jun ascended to the
1514:
Afterwards, he campaigned against western Shu in modern
Sichuan. Using a brilliant military manoeuver mentioned in the Art of War, Liu Yu instructed his generals to attack the capital of Shu by the Min River rather than the short route by the Fu river. Surprising the Shu forces, he quickly captured
1689:
The successor to the emperor Ming, emperor Houfei, was resentful of the control Xiao
Daocheng had over him and announced openly several times he would kill him. Fearful of his demise, Xiao had him assassinated and placed Emperor Shun on his throne. In 479, Xiao took the throne himself and declared
1672:
However, Emperor Ming grew arrogant and refused to grant a pardon to those who had supported Liu Ziye. This action was extremely detrimental to Liu Song and its successors, as the governors of the northern commandries, fearing their lives, surrendered to Wei rather than face execution at
Jiankang.
1593:
The Wei forces laid South Yan, Xu, North Yan, Yu, Qing, and Ji
Provinces to waste. The Song deaths and injuries were innumerable. When Wei forces encountered Song young men, the forces quickly beheaded them or cut them in half. The infants were pierced through with spears, and the spears were then
1510:
Regarded as one of the best generals of the
Northern and Southern dynasties, Liu Yu started off by reclaiming much of the territory the Chinese had lost during the Sixteen Kingdoms era. He started off his career by campaigning against Southern Yan, which bordered Jin to the north and had adopted a
1577:
Emperor Wen continued the campaigns of his father; nevertheless, he was unsuccessful. In 422 CE, the first year of his reign, he lost three commanderies to Wei. Under the able general Dao Yanzhi, however, Liu Song recovered the four cities of Luoyang, Hulao, Huatai and Qiao'ao south of the Yellow
1602:
Every time Emperor Wen sent generals out on battles, he required them to follow the complete battle plans that he had drafted, and even the dates for battles needed approval from the emperor. Therefore, the generals all hesitated and could not make independent decisions. Further, the non-regular
1518:
Following the death of the Later Qin Emperor Yao Xin, Liu Yu attacked the state of Later Qin, which controlled the valuable lands of Guanzhong, lands which had once housed the capital of the Qin, Han and Jin dynasties before the barbarian uprisings. After defeating the Later Qin army in several
1676:
Emperor Ming's later reign was extremely brutal. Suspicious of his nephews, he had them all executed. Afraid of usurpation from rival members of the royal family, he executed thousands of members of the royal family, which was greatly weakened. Upon his death, his son had to be assisted by the
1603:
troops that he conscripted were not trained, and they rushed to advance when they were victorious and scattered when they were defeated. These were the two reasons why he failed, and from this point on, the state was in recession, and the Reign of Yuanjia was in decline.
1530:
Following his return to Jiankang, Liu Yu ended the rule of the Jin and became emperor himself in 420, establishing the Liu Song dynasty. The name of the dynasty was taken from Liu's fief, which occupied roughly the same territory as the Spring & Autumn era
1522:
After this success, it seemed that Jin would exterminate the remaining barbarian states in the north and reunify China. However, fortunes began to change for the Jin forces. Liu Mengzhi died and in order to secure his power, Liu Yu left for
1565:), a period noted for its prosperity in the 400 years of conflict between the Han and Tang dynasties. However, the emperor's martial abilities were not equal to his father, and his inability to crush the remaining barbarian states allowed
1631:
throne and became Emperor Xiaowu. However, he was regarded as immoral and committed incest with his cousins and sisters, and reputed to have even done so with his mother. Nevertheless, his reign was a relatively peaceful one.
1775:
Scientists and astronomers were also active during periods of relative peace. Buddhism also began to be better understood and more widely practised at this time, and some officials such as Xie Lingyun, were Buddhists.
2605:(Emperor Qianfei's brother) was declared emperor in spring 466 and received pledges of allegiance from the vast majority of provinces, but was defeated by Emperor Ming's forces and executed by Emperor Ming's general
1547:, despite being demonstrably related to the Han imperial family. Liu died in 422 CE, and was succeeded by the incompetent Shaodi, who was quickly removed. His eventual successor would be his third son, Wendi.
1421:(Emperor Wu; 363–422 CE), whose surname together with "Song" forms the common name for the dynasty, the "Liu Song". This appellation is used to distinguish it from a later dynasty of the same name, the
1432:
The Liu Song was a time when there was much internal turmoil. A number of emperors were incompetent and/or tyrannical, which at least partially led to many military revolts. These rulers include
1791:' sculpture in the Nanjing and Danyang areas, only one of the extant Six Dynasties' tomb sculptural groups has been securely identified as belonging to the Liu Song: the Chuning Tomb of the
1665:
The civil war at first was a great success for Liu Zixun, who quickly overran nearly the entire empire. However, he moved too slowly. Emperor Ming quickly sent an army westward, captured
1708:. More than fifty percent of Tuoba Xianbei princesses of the Northern Wei were married to southern Han Chinese men from the imperial families and aristocrats from southern China of the
1658:, who were reputed to have participated in the late emperor's sexual immorality and tyrannical governance, to commit suicide. However, his claim to the throne was not accepted by
1650:
Liu Song coexisted with the Xianbei state of Northern Wei with the border at the Yellow river. That border was moved south to the Huai after the reign of Emperor Ming of Liu Song.
1669:, a vital food supply. Another of his generals captured Qianxi and cut off Liu Zixun's supplies. Starving, his troops collapsed and Liu Zixun was killed, aged just 10.
387:
362:
1772:(顏延之) (384–456 CE) are among the best known poets of the Song, each of them being credited as the originators of the three major literary trends to follow.
1569:
to complete the unification of the North, to the detriment of Liu Song. Afterwards, Northern Wei would remain a grave and permanent threat to the Liu Song.
1429:). Although the Liu Song has also at times been referred to as the "Southern Song", the name is now mainly used to refer to the Song dynasty after 1127 CE.
2658:
1618:
Emperor Wen made another attempt to destroy Northern Wei in 452, but failed again. On returning to the capital, he was assassinated by the heir apparent,
1654:
The man who assassinated Qianfei quickly became emperor himself and declared himself emperor Ming. He ordered Liu Ziye's brother Liu Zishang and sister
1511:
policy of aggression and kidnapping citizens from the Jin. By spring of 410, he had captured the southern Yan capital at Guanggu, ending Southern Yan.
1734:
Despite, and certainly to some extent because of, the chaotic warfare between the Northern and Southern dynasties, the Liu Song produced much poetry (
3160:
3130:
1456:, is known for its political stability and capable administration, not only of its emperor but its strong and honest officials. This is known as the
3226:
2937:
3236:
3216:
1769:
328:
1358:
1298:
1399:
3206:
1752:
3112:
1750:
was especially active in literary circles, with Liu supporting the compilation of a large collection of short prose anecdotes,
988:
107:
3072:
3008:
1288:
79:
1407:
861:
851:
367:
3042:
1330:
492:
86:
2864:
2835:
2808:
2640:
2498:
2462:
2013:
1449:
482:
2969:
2684:
1159:
126:
60:
1535:. The Book of Song does not mention whether the Liu family had any blood relationship to the ancient state's ruling
158:
17:
93:
3121:
3046:
2582:
2562:
1787:
era, for the tombs of the dynasty's emperors and other dignitaries. However, according to a survey of the extant
1705:
1403:
913:
170:
3221:
1379:
1351:
1303:
64:
3037:
1325:
1251:
1186:
75:
2781:
2572:
1261:
3231:
3211:
3178:
1313:
1070:
451:
1581:
Towards the later part of his reign, Emperor Wen was less than able. He wrongfully executed the general
3105:
2881:
2329:
1678:
1318:
3201:
2696:（梁）裴子野，《宋略‧總論》：「永初末歲，天子負扆矜懷，以燕、代戎幄，岐、梁重梗，將誓六師，屠桑乾而境北狄，三事大夫顧相謂曰：『待夫振旅凱入，乘轅南返，請具銀繩瓊檢，告報東嶽。』既而洮弗不興，即年厭世」
2567:
1690:
himself Emperor of Qi, ending Liu Song. The ex-emperor Shun and his clan were soon put to the sword.
1493:
1344:
1281:
1246:
819:
515:
425:
31:
1025:
2515:
2354:
2176:
1015:
664:
2577:
2339:
2197:
1747:
1241:
53:
2711:
2092:
1944:
1792:
1612:
1437:
1293:
1271:
1256:
742:
461:
266:
242:
3054:
2852:
1646:
100:
3098:
2825:
2798:
1746:賦. The imperial house sponsored many literary works, and many wrote themselves. The court of
1543:. It is in any case noteworthy that Liu did not frame his new regime as a restoration of the
1266:
683:
3090:
2879:
2028:
1987:
1891:
1561:
Under Emperor Wen, the Liu Song economy prospered during the rule of Yuanjia (Chinese:
1489:
1445:
1308:
521:
278:
254:
8:
2886:. Australian National University, Department of Far Eastern History. pp. 86, 87, 88.
2653:
2314:
1930:
1906:
1847:
1801:
statues of this tomb survive in the appropriately named Qilin Town in Nanjing's suburban
1619:
1556:
1453:
1433:
473:
333:
230:
2918:
2456:
2191:
1867:
1823:
to seven decimal places and as the author of a variety of other astronomical theories.
1802:
1709:
1505:
1477:
1461:
1418:
1395:
1276:
456:
218:
2786:. Australian National University, Department of Far Eastern History. 1983. p. 86.
3068:
3004:
2965:
2860:
2831:
2804:
2680:
2542:
1819:, a noted astronomer, lived during the Liu Song period. He was noted for calculating
1720:
1204:
772:
752:
527:
2939:
Divorce and the Divorced Woman in Early Medieval China (First through Sixth Century)
1808:
In 440 CE, the dynasty changed its official religion to Taoism, replacing Buddhism.
2910:
2899:"Slaves and Other Comparable Social Groups During The Northern Dynasties (386–618)"
2547:
1859:
1457:
883:
441:
433:
1704:
in exile and married the Xianbei Princess Lanling (蘭陵公主), daughter of the Xianbei
3062:
1837:
3082:
2996:
2635:
785:
702:
3195:
3174:
3152:
2984:
2552:
1788:
1784:
1611:, pointed out Emperor Wen was said to model his command on the great general
1540:
1426:
575:
542:
3182:
3136:
3029:
2988:
2706:
2557:
1851:
1736:
1701:
1566:
1536:
1532:
1422:
1150:
1126:
1113:
1100:
1044:
1003:
941:
655:
645:
622:
3170:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3000:
2855:. In Swartz, Wendy; Campany, Robert Ford; Lu, Yang; Choo, Jessey (eds.).
2606:
1842:
1816:
1765:
1742:
1544:
1411:
1057:
928:
762:
730:
717:
551:
380:
1681:, as nearly all of Emperor Ming's brothers and nephews had been killed.
2922:
2898:
2208:
1780:
1586:
809:
598:
2991:; Parker, Philip; Gibson, Carrie; Grant, R. G.; Regan, Sally (2014).
2880:
Australian National University. Dept. of Far Eastern History (1983).
2859:(illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. pp. 156–165.
2602:
2474:
1659:
1655:
1634:
Following his death in 464 CE, Liu Jun passed his throne to his son,
1582:
1472:
2914:
42:
2086:
1970:
1761:
1694:
1635:
1608:
1524:
1441:
194:
184:
1698:
952:
803:
797:
413:
409:
1666:
1598:
Sima Guang also pointed out the cause of Liu Song's disaster:
3120:
1797:
1726:
405:
2853:"9. Crime and Punishment The Case of Liu Hui in the Wei Shu"
2983:
3067:, New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 156–165,
2679:徐俊. 中国古代王朝和政权名号探源. 湖北武昌: 华中师范大学出版社. 2000年11月: 142–144.
1820:
1712:
who defected and moved north to join the Northern Wei.
1625:
1460:(425–453) and one of the relative golden ages for the
1169:
1091:
971:
904:
834:
708:
2955:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3055:"Crime and Punishment: The Case of Liu Hui in the
2762:
1662:, one of his nephews, who then rose against him.
3193:
1779:Liu Song sculptors may have created a number of
1615:, but he lacked the latter's command abilities.
1515:Chengdu and re-annexed that area back into Jin.
30:"Liu Song" redirects here. For other uses, see
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
3106:
1352:
2883:Papers on Far Eastern History, Volumes 27–30
1832:Sovereigns of Liu Song dynasty (420–479 CE)
2716:
1783:ensembles, generally characteristic of the
3113:
3099:
1359:
1345:
169:
157:
2964:, 南京出版社 (Nanjing Press), pp. 53–55,
1715:
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2909:(3/4). Harvard-Yenching Institute: 322.
2830:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 72.
2803:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 97.
1719:
1645:
1641:
1572:
1471:
2050:
1826:
1753:A New Account of the Tales of the World
1550:
14:
3227:5th-century disestablishments in China
3194:
2823:
2796:
1499:
27:Chinese ruling dynasty from 420 to 479
3094:
2993:History of the World in 1,000 Objects
2962:(Nanjing's Six Dynasties' Sculptures)
2510:
2508:
2506:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2472:
2470:
2451:
2425:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2375:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2349:
2347:
2338:
2336:
2325:
2323:
2312:
2262:
2218:
2207:
2205:
2186:
2184:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2935:
2896:
175:Administrative divisions of Liu Song
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
3237:Former countries in Chinese history
3217:5th-century establishments in China
3052:
2768:
1862:and their according range of years
1684:
1626:Reign of Emperor Xiaowu and Qianfei
24:
3064:Early Medieval China: A Sourcebook
2977:
2903:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
2857:Early Medieval China: A Sourcebook
1760:). The "Three Giants of Yuanjia,"
25:
3248:
1693:Liu Hui (刘辉) was a descendant of
1483:
2455:
2190:
2085:
1488:Although he was a descendant of
1394:(南朝宋) in historiography, was an
1392:Song of (the) Southern dynasties
440:
385:
360:
41:
3207:Northern and Southern dynasties
3122:Northern and Southern dynasties
3047:National Sun Yat-sen University
2949:
2929:
2890:
2873:
2844:
2817:
2790:
2774:
2759:川本『中国の歴史、中華の崩壊と拡大、魏晋南北朝』、p. 144
2595:
2583:List of pre-modern great powers
2563:Southern and Northern Dynasties
1706:Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei
1404:Northern and Southern dynasties
52:needs additional citations for
2753:
2744:
2699:
2690:
2673:
2664:
2646:
2628:
1697:royalty who fled north to the
1383:
1299:Science and technology history
13:
1:
3038:History of Southern Dynasties
2800:Women in Early Medieval China
2783:Papers on Far Eastern History
2616:
1912:Taizu (太祖) or Zhongzong (中宗)
669:
628:
604:
581:
557:
498:
2956:Liang Baiquan (梁白泉) (1998),
2621:
2573:List of Classical Age States
7:
2536:
1425:(960–1279 CE, ruled by the
1417:The dynasty was founded by
10:
3253:
3021:
2936:Tang, Qiaomei (May 2016).
1811:
1554:
1503:
1467:
1398:and the first of the four
29:
3159:
3129:
2960:Nanjing-de Liu Chao Shike
2568:List of Bronze Age States
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2043:Shengming (昇明) 477–479 CE
2009:
1966:
1926:
1887:
1740:詩) notably the rhapsody,
1562:
1539:, or by extension to the
1406:period. It succeeded the
1396:imperial dynasty of China
1173:
1095:
975:
908:
838:
712:
401:
339:
324:
320:
310:
300:
296:
288:
284:
272:
260:
248:
236:
224:
212:
208:
200:
190:
180:
168:
156:
151:
141:
32:Liu Song (disambiguation)
2588:
2512:Liu Zhun (劉準) (469–479)
2188:Liu Yilong 刘义隆 (407–453)
1959:Xiaojian (孝建) 454–456 CE
1768:(謝霊運) (385–433 CE), and
2897:Wang, Yi-t’ung (1953).
2827:Women in Imperial China
2578:List of Iron Age States
2173:Liu Yifu 刘义符 (406–424)
2022:Yuanhui (元徽) 473–477 CE
2453:Liu Ziye 刘子业 (449–466)
2002:Taishi (泰始) 465–471 CE
1731:
1716:Literature and culture
1651:
1613:Emperor Guangwu of Han
1605:
1596:
1480:
1478:Emperor Wu of Liu Song
312:• Disestablished
163:Liu Song and neighbors
3222:479 disestablishments
2851:Lee, Jen-der (2014).
2824:Hinsch, Bret (2016).
2797:Hinsch, Bret (2018).
2601:Emperor Xiaowu's son
2495:Liu Yu (劉昱) (463–477)
1979:Yongguang (永光) 465 CE
1900:Jingping (景平) 423–424
1723:
1649:
1642:Liu Zixun's rebellion
1600:
1591:
1573:War with Northern Wei
1475:
1164:(mainland, 1912–1949)
3053:Lee Jen-der (2014),
2051:Liu Song family tree
1921:Yuanjia (元嘉) 424–453
1882:Yongchu (永初) 420–422
1827:Table of successions
1795:of the dynasty. Two
1551:Reign of Emperor Wen
1490:Emperor Gaozu of Han
61:improve this article
3086:, vols. 119 to 134.
2654:Book of Southern Qi
2351:Liu Yu 刘彧 (439–472)
2083:Liu Yu 刘裕 (363–422)
1961:Daming (大明) 457–464
1833:
1730:of the Chuning Tomb
1607:Another historian,
1557:Emperor Wen of Song
1500:Campaigns of Liu Yu
1412:Southern Qi dynasty
1408:Eastern Jin dynasty
302:• Established
3232:Dynasties of China
3212:420 establishments
3161:Southern dynasties
3131:Northern dynasties
1831:
1803:Jiangning District
1732:
1710:Southern dynasties
1652:
1506:Emperor Wu of Song
1481:
1462:Southern Dynasties
1400:Southern dynasties
1179:
989:Five Dynasties and
981:
916:Southern dynasties
844:
743:Chu–Han Contention
735:(206 BCE – 220 CE)
76:"Liu Song dynasty"
3189:
3188:
3074:978-0-231-15987-6
3010:978-1-4654-2289-7
2543:Chinese sovereign
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2481:(456–466; r. 466)
2326:Liu Jun (430–464)
2048:
2047:
1856:Period of reigns
1410:and preceded the
1369:
1368:
1326:Transport history
1252:Education history
1224:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1205:Republic of China
1187:People's Republic
1160:Republic of China
1139:
1138:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1082:
968:
967:
901:
900:
896:
895:
832:
831:
665:Spring and Autumn
528:Liao civilization
419:
418:
397:
396:
393:
392:
373:
372:
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3244:
3202:Liu Song dynasty
3115:
3108:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3077:
3015:
3014:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2714:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2688:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2662:
2650:
2644:
2632:
2610:
2599:
2548:History of China
2521:
2504:
2468:
2459:
2360:
2203:
2194:
2182:
2089:
2064:
2063:
2055:
2054:
1939:Taichu (太初) 453
1915:Liu Yilong, 劉義隆
1834:
1830:
1685:Fall of Liu Song
1564:
1458:Reign of Yuanjia
1385:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1289:Military history
1247:Economic history
1235:Related articles
1212:
1194:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1132:
1119:
1106:
1093:
1092:
1076:
1063:
1050:
1031:
1021:
1009:
996:
978:
977:
973:
972:
957:
947:
934:
921:
906:
905:
889:
884:Sixteen Kingdoms
867:
857:
841:
840:
836:
835:
825:
791:
778:
768:
758:
757:(202 BCE – 9 CE)
748:
736:
723:
710:
709:
688:
680:
678:
674:
671:
661:
651:
639:
637:
633:
630:
615:
613:
609:
606:
592:
590:
586:
583:
568:
566:
562:
559:
509:
507:
503:
500:
444:
434:History of China
421:
420:
389:
388:
377:
376:
364:
363:
357:
356:
341:
340:
173:
161:
139:
138:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
18:Liu Song Dynasty
3252:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3155:
3125:
3119:
3089:
3075:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3003:. p. 407.
2982:
2978:
2972:
2954:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2930:
2915:10.2307/2718246
2895:
2891:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2838:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2795:
2791:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2717:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2651:
2647:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2613:
2609:in fall 466 CE.
2600:
2596:
2591:
2539:
2533:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2501:
2496:
2494:
2480:
2477:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2368:
2367:Liu Xiufan 刘休范
2357:
2352:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2332:
2327:
2321:426–453; r. 453
2320:
2317:
2211:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2053:
2044:
2023:
2005:
2003:
1982:
1981:Jinghe (景和) 465
1980:
1962:
1960:
1922:
1901:
1883:
1838:Posthumous name
1829:
1814:
1764:(鮑照) (d. 466),
1718:
1687:
1644:
1628:
1575:
1559:
1553:
1508:
1502:
1486:
1470:
1365:
1336:
1335:
1331:Women's history
1237:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1168:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1122:
1117:
1109:
1104:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1066:
1061:
1053:
1048:
1040:
1034:
1029:
1019:
1007:
999:
994:
990:
970:
969:
964:
955:
945:
937:
932:
924:
919:
915:
903:
902:
897:
892:
887:
879:
876:
870:
865:
855:
833:
828:
823:
815:
789:
781:
776:
766:
756:
746:
734:
726:
721:
706:
705:
694:
693:
686:
676:
672:
667:
659:
649:
635:
631:
626:
618:
611:
607:
602:
589: 1046 BCE
588:
584:
579:
571:
565: 1600 BCE
564:
560:
555:
546:
545:
534:
533:
506: 2000 BCE
505:
501:
496:
488:
477:
476:
412:
408:
386:
361:
332:
313:
303:
275:
274:• 477–479
263:
262:• 473–477
251:
250:• 465–472
239:
238:• 453–464
227:
226:• 424–453
215:
214:• 420–422
176:
164:
147:
144:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3250:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3187:
3186:
3165:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3135:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3095:
3088:
3087:
3083:Zizhi Tongjian
3079:
3073:
3050:
3034:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3009:
2985:McIntosh, Jane
2976:
2970:
2948:
2928:
2889:
2872:
2866:978-0231531009
2865:
2843:
2837:978-1442271661
2836:
2816:
2810:978-1538117972
2809:
2789:
2773:
2761:
2752:
2750:Zizhi Tongjian
2743:
2715:
2698:
2689:
2672:
2670:（梁）裴子野，《宋略‧總論》
2663:
2645:
2636:Zizhi Tongjian
2626:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2471:
2469:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2348:
2346:
2345:Prince Shixing
2337:
2335:
2324:
2322:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2204:
2185:
2183:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2004:Taiyu (泰豫) 472
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1984:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1845:
1840:
1828:
1825:
1813:
1810:
1717:
1714:
1686:
1683:
1643:
1640:
1627:
1624:
1574:
1571:
1555:Main article:
1552:
1549:
1504:Main article:
1501:
1498:
1485:
1484:Rise of Liu Yu
1482:
1469:
1466:
1438:Emperor Xiaowu
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1262:Jewish history
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1193:(1949–present)
1182:
1180:
1174:
1167:
1166:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1121:
1120:
1108:
1107:
1096:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1067:
1064:
1054:
1051:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1022:
1011:
1010:
998:
997:
984:
982:
976:
966:
965:
963:
962:
961:
960:
959:
958:
936:
935:
923:
922:
909:
899:
898:
894:
893:
891:
890:
880:
877:
873:
871:
869:
868:
858:
847:
845:
839:
830:
829:
827:
826:
814:
813:
793:
792:
786:Three Kingdoms
780:
779:
769:
759:
749:
738:
737:
725:
724:
713:
707:
701:
700:
699:
696:
695:
692:
691:
690:
689:
684:Warring States
681:
677: 476 BCE
652:
650:(1046–771 BCE)
641:
640:
636: 256 BCE
617:
616:
594:
593:
570:
569:
547:
541:
540:
539:
536:
535:
532:
531:
511:
510:
487:
486:
478:
472:
471:
470:
467:
466:
465:
464:
462:Historiography
459:
454:
446:
445:
437:
436:
430:
429:
417:
416:
403:
399:
398:
395:
394:
391:
390:
383:
374:
371:
370:
365:
353:
352:
347:
337:
336:
326:
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
311:
308:
307:
304:
301:
298:
297:
294:
293:
290:
286:
285:
282:
281:
276:
273:
270:
269:
267:Emperor Houfei
264:
261:
258:
257:
252:
249:
246:
245:
243:Emperor Xiaowu
240:
237:
234:
233:
228:
225:
222:
221:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
174:
166:
165:
162:
154:
153:
149:
148:
145:
142:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3249:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3184:
3180:
3179:Western Liang
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3153:Northern Zhou
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3012:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2989:Chrisp, Peter
2986:
2980:
2973:
2971:7-80614-376-9
2967:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2941:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2839:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2820:
2812:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2793:
2785:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2765:
2756:
2747:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2702:
2693:
2686:
2685:7-5622-2277-0
2682:
2676:
2667:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2649:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2631:
2627:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:Six Dynasties
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2534:
2524:
2520:(r. 477–479)
2519:
2517:
2502:
2500:
2478:
2476:
2467:(r. 464–466)
2466:
2464:
2458:
2450:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2387:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2358:
2356:
2341:
2333:
2331:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2288:
2286:
2278:
2276:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2240:
2238:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:劉義康 (409–451)
2210:
2202:(r. 424–453)
2201:
2199:
2193:
2181:(r. 423–424)
2180:
2178:
2162:
2159:
2151:
2149:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2125:
2123:
2115:
2113:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2088:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2042:
2039:
2037:Liu Zhun, 劉準
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1993:Taizong (太宗)
1992:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1793:first emperor
1790:
1789:Six Dynasties
1786:
1785:Six Dynasties
1782:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1758:Shishuo Xinyu
1755:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1682:
1680:
1679:Xiao Daocheng
1674:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1632:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1570:
1568:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1541:Shang dynasty
1538:
1534:
1533:State of Song
1528:
1526:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1479:
1474:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1427:House of Zhao
1424:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:Naval history
1292:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1277:Music history
1275:
1273:
1272:Media history
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:Legal history
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1211:1949–present)
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1026:Southern Song
1023:
1018:
1017:
1016:Northern Song
1013:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1001:
1000:
993:
992:
986:
985:
983:
980:
979:
974:
954:
951:
950:
949:
948:
944:
943:
939:
938:
931:
930:
926:
925:
918:
917:
911:
910:
907:
886:
885:
881:
878:
875:
874:
872:
864:
863:
859:
854:
853:
849:
848:
846:
843:
842:
837:
822:
821:
817:
816:
812:
811:
806:
805:
800:
799:
795:
794:
788:
787:
783:
782:
775:
774:
770:
765:
764:
760:
755:
754:
750:
747:(206–202 BCE)
745:
744:
740:
739:
733:
732:
728:
727:
722:(221–207 BCE)
720:
719:
715:
714:
711:
704:
698:
697:
687:(475–221 BCE)
685:
682:
666:
663:
662:
660:(771–256 BCE)
658:
657:
653:
648:
647:
643:
642:
625:
624:
620:
619:
601:
600:
596:
595:
578:
577:
573:
572:
554:
553:
549:
548:
544:
538:
537:
530:
529:
524:
523:
518:
517:
513:
512:
495:
494:
490:
489:
485:
484:
480:
479:
475:
469:
468:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
448:
447:
443:
439:
438:
435:
432:
431:
427:
423:
422:
415:
411:
407:
404:
402:Today part of
400:
384:
382:
379:
378:
375:
369:
366:
359:
358:
355:
354:
351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
338:
335:
330:
327:
323:
319:
315:
309:
305:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
280:
277:
271:
268:
265:
259:
256:
253:
247:
244:
241:
235:
232:
229:
223:
220:
217:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:
193:
189:
186:
183:
179:
172:
167:
160:
155:
150:
140:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3166:
3137:Northern Wei
3081:
3063:
3056:
3036:
3030:Book of Song
3028:
2995:. New York:
2992:
2979:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2938:
2931:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2882:
2875:
2856:
2846:
2826:
2819:
2799:
2792:
2782:
2776:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2741:Book of Song
2707:Book of Song
2705:
2701:
2692:
2675:
2666:
2652:
2648:
2634:
2630:
2597:
2558:Song dynasty
2532:
2514:
2503:(r. 472–477)
2497:
2473:
2461:
2359:(r. 465–472)
2353:
2343:劉濬 (429–453)
2334:(r. 453–464)
2328:
2313:
2196:
2175:
2097:(r. 420–422)
2091:
1953:Liu Jun, 劉駿
1815:
1807:
1796:
1778:
1774:
1757:
1751:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1725:
1724:The eastern
1702:Northern Wei
1692:
1688:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1653:
1633:
1629:
1617:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1580:
1576:
1567:Northern Wei
1560:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1487:
1446:Emperor Ming
1431:
1423:Song dynasty
1416:
1391:
1387:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1267:LGBT history
1203:
1185:
1158:
1125:
1112:
1099:
1069:
1056:
1043:
1024:
1014:
1002:
991:Ten Kingdoms
987:
940:
927:
914:Northern and
912:
882:
860:
850:
818:
808:
802:
796:
790:(220–280 CE)
784:
771:
761:
751:
741:
729:
716:
656:Eastern Zhou
654:
646:Western Zhou
644:
621:
597:
574:
550:
526:
520:
514:
491:
481:
350:Succeeded by
349:
344:
334:Chinese cash
329:Chinese coin
279:Emperor Shun
255:Emperor Ming
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
3171:Southern Qi
3149:Northern Qi
3145:Eastern Wei
3141:Western Wei
3001:Smithsonian
2607:Shen Youzhi
2040:477–479 CE
2019:473–477 CE
1996:Liu Yu, 劉彧
1897:423–424 CE
1879:420–422 CE
1876:Liu Yu, 劉裕
1873:Gaozu (高祖)
1852:given names
1848:Family name
1843:Temple name
1817:Zu Chongzhi
1766:Xie Lingyun
1748:Emperor Wen
1545:Han dynasty
1537:House of Zi
1494:Jin dynasty
1454:Emperor Wen
1402:during the
1388:Former Song
1374:, known as
1314:Discoveries
1309:Cartography
1304:Archaeology
1242:Art history
1131:(1644–1912)
1118:(1368–1644)
1105:(1271–1368)
1075:(1115–1234)
1062:(1038–1227)
1058:Western Xia
1030:(1127–1279)
862:Eastern Jin
852:Western Jin
777:(25–220 CE)
773:Eastern Han
753:Western Han
632: 1046
612: 1046
608: 1250
585: 1600
561: 2070
502: 8500
483:Paleolithic
474:Prehistoric
381:Southern Qi
368:Eastern Jin
345:Preceded by
231:Emperor Wen
3196:Categories
2769:Lee (2014)
2617:References
2209:Liu Yikang
1781:spirit way
1770:Yan Yanzhi
1587:Sima Guang
1319:Inventions
1049:(916–1125)
1020:(960–1127)
1008:(960–1279)
675: – c.
673: 770
634: – c.
610: – c.
599:Late Shang
587: – c.
563: – c.
504: – c.
316:31 May 479
306:7 July 420
219:Emperor Wu
191:Government
117:April 2014
87:newspapers
3124:(420–589)
3043:available
2622:Citations
2603:Liu Zixun
2475:Liu Zixun
2369:(448–474)
2058:Liu Song
1950:Shizu 世祖
1860:Era names
1660:Liu Zixun
1656:Liu Chuyu
1583:Tan Daoji
995:(907–979)
956:(690–705)
946:(618–907)
933:(581–618)
920:(420–589)
888:(304–439)
866:(317–420)
856:(266–316)
824:(266–420)
767:(9–23 CE)
493:Neolithic
457:Dynasties
3167:Liu Song
2999:and the
2958:南京的六朝时刻
2641:vol. 119
2537:See also
2315:Liu Shao
1999:465–472
1976:464–465
1971:Liu Ziye
1956:453–464
1931:Liu Shao
1918:424–453
1892:Liu Yifu
1762:Bao Zhao
1695:Liu Song
1677:general
1636:Liu Ziye
1620:Liu Shao
1609:Shen Yue
1525:Jiankang
1476:Liu Yu,
1442:Liu Ziye
1434:Liu Shao
1390:(前宋) or
1376:Liu Song
1282:Timeline
1209:(Taiwan,
1189:of China
703:Imperial
452:Timeline
426:a series
424:Part of
325:Currency
195:Monarchy
185:Jiankang
3057:Wei Shu
3022:Sources
2923:2718246
2463:Qianfei
2340:Liu Jun
1812:Science
1699:Xianbei
1468:History
1380:Chinese
953:Wu Zhou
543:Ancient
522:Yangtze
414:Vietnam
410:Myanmar
289:History
201:Emperor
181:Capital
152:420–479
101:scholar
3071:
3007:
2968:
2921:
2863:
2834:
2807:
2712:vol. 1
2683:
2659:vol. 1
2499:Houfei
2479:(劉子勛)
2330:Xiaowu
2014:Liu Yu
1973:, 劉子業
1945:Xiaowu
1894:, 劉義符
1667:Kuaiji
1450:Liu Yu
1448:, and
1419:Liu Yu
1382::
1151:Modern
807:, and
525:, and
516:Yellow
428:on the
292:
204:
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
3175:Liang
2943:(PDF)
2919:JSTOR
2589:Notes
2016:, 劉昱
1947:, 孝武
1933:, 劉劭
1798:qilin
1727:qilin
576:Shang
406:China
108:JSTOR
94:books
3183:Chen
3181:) →
3151:) →
3069:ISBN
3005:ISBN
2966:ISBN
2861:ISBN
2832:ISBN
2805:ISBN
2681:ISBN
2516:Shun
2355:Ming
2177:Shao
2093:Wudi
2031:, 順
2029:Shun
1990:, 明
1988:Ming
1936:453
1909:, 文
1870:, 武
1850:and
1563:元嘉之治
1372:Song
1127:Qing
1114:Ming
1101:Yuan
1045:Liao
1004:Song
942:Tang
623:Zhou
614:BCE)
143:Song
80:news
3139:→ (
3045:at
2911:doi
2198:Wen
1907:Wen
1737:shi
1589::
1386:),
1071:Jin
929:Sui
820:Jin
804:Shu
798:Wei
763:Xin
731:Han
718:Qin
552:Xia
63:by
3198::
3173:→
3169:→
3147:→
3143:|
3061:,
3041:,
2997:DK
2987:;
2917:.
2907:16
2905:.
2901:.
2718:^
2710:,
2657:,
2639:,
2319:刘劭
2034:–
2010:–
1967:–
1927:–
1888:–
1868:Wu
1821:pi
1805:.
1743:fu
1622:.
1496:.
1464:.
1444:,
1440:,
1436:,
1414:.
1384:劉宋
810:Wu
801:,
670:c.
629:c.
605:c.
582:c.
558:c.
519:,
499:c.
3177:(
3114:e
3107:t
3100:v
3078:.
3059:"
3049:.
3033:.
3013:.
2925:.
2913::
2869:.
2840:.
2813:.
2771:.
2687:.
2661:.
2643:.
1756:(
1378:(
1360:e
1353:t
1346:v
679:)
668:(
638:)
627:(
603:(
591:)
580:(
567:)
556:(
508:)
497:(
331:,
146:宋
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
