607:. Seemingly around that time, when Livia was six months pregnant, Tiberius Claudius Nero was persuaded or forced by Octavian to divorce Livia. On 14 January, the child was born. Augustus and Livia married on 17 January, waiving the traditional waiting period. On the day of his wedding to Livia, Octavian received a supposed omen of an eagle dropping a white hen with a laurel branch in its mouth into Livia's lap. This omen was interpreted as being an indication toward Livia's fertility, as she had given birth to two sons in her short two years of marriage to Nero. This was ironic because her first pregnancy by Augustus ended in a stillbirth, and she was unable to ever conceive another child. Tiberius Claudius Nero was present at the wedding, giving her in marriage "just as a father would." The importance of the patrician Claudii to Octavian's cause, and the political survival of the Claudii Nerones are probably more rational explanations for the tempestuous union. Nevertheless, Livia and Augustus remained married for the next 51 years, despite the fact that they had no children apart from the single stillbirth. She always enjoyed the status of privileged counselor to her husband, petitioning him on the behalf of others and influencing his policies, an unusual role for a Roman wife in a culture dominated by the
560:
575:
1014:
fashions of the time as her depiction with such contemporary details translated into a political statement of representing the ideal Roman woman. Livia's image evolves with different styles of portraiture that trace her effect on imperial propaganda that helped bridge the gap between her role as wife to the emperor
Augustus, to mother of the emperor Tiberius. Becoming more than the "beautiful woman" she is described as in ancient texts, Livia serves as a public image for the idealization of Roman feminine qualities, a motherly figure, and eventually a goddesslike representation that alludes to her virtue. Livia's power in symbolizing the renewal of the Republic with the female virtues
48:
989:
840:
744:
923:
and dowager. Dio records two of her utterances: "Once, when some naked men met her and were to be put to death in consequence, she saved their lives by saying that to a chaste woman such men are in no way different from statues. When someone asked her how she had gained respect from
Augustus, she answered that it was by being scrupulously chaste herself, doing gladly whatever pleased him, not meddling with any of his affairs, and, in particular, by pretending neither to hear nor to notice the favourites of his passion."
615:
799:
974:
1010:, meanwhile, Livia is famously depicted as having great influence, to the extent where she "had the aged Augustus firmly under control—so much so that he exiled his only surviving grandson to the island of Planasia"; Tacitus goes on to call her "a real catastrophe to the nation as a mother, and to the house of the Caesars as a stepmother" and "a compliant wife, but an overbearing mother".
312:
654:. She wore neither excessive jewelry nor pretentious costumes; she took care of the household and her husband (often making his clothes herself), always faithful and dedicated. In 35 BC, Octavian gave Livia the unprecedented honor of ruling her own finances and dedicated a public statue to her. She owned and effectively administered copper mines in Gaul, estates of
1044:(near the historic place Castellum Pucinum) was according to Pliny the favorite wine of the Empress Livia. She is said to have loved this Vinum Pucinum for its medicinal properties and at the end of her long life (she was 87) she attributed her old age to its consumption and commended it to everyone as an "elixir for a long life".
783:. Tacitus and Cassius Dio wrote that rumours persisted that Augustus was poisoned by Livia, but these are mainly dismissed as malicious fabrications spread by political enemies of the dynasty. The most famous of these rumors was that Livia, unable to poison his food in the kitchens because Augustus insisted on only eating
922:
While reporting various unsavory hearsay, the ancient sources generally portray Livia as a woman of proud and queenly attributes, faithful to her imperial husband, for whom she was a worthy consort, forever poised and dignified. With consummate skill she acted out the roles of consort, mother, widow,
734:
was executed as a conspirator in a revolt. Modern historians theorize that Julia's exile was not actually for adultery but for involvement in
Paullus' revolt. Tacitius alleged that Livia had plotted against her stepdaughter's family and ruined them. Julia died in AD 29 on the island to which she had
926:
With the passage of time, however, some thought that with widowhood a haughtiness and an overt craving for power and the outward trappings of status came increasingly to the fore. Livia had always been a principal beneficiary of the climate of adulation that
Augustus had done so much to create, and
879:
to deliver the funeral oration. Suetonius adds the macabre detail that "when she died... after a delay of several days, during which he held out hope of his coming, buried because the condition of the corpse made it necessary...". Divine honors he also vetoed, stating that this was in accord with
1070:
family up to the time of her death. On her deathbed she only fears divine punishment for all she had done, and secures the promise of future deification by her grandson
Claudius, an act which, she believes, will guarantee her a blissful afterlife. However, this portrait of her is balanced by her
1000:
The ancient sources all agree that Livia was
Augustus' best confidant and counselor, but the extent of her influence remained disputed due to the numerous attempts by her political enemies to defame her dynasty. According to Suetonius, who had access to imperial records, Augustus would write down
951:
in 12 BC at
Augustus's insistence: whether it was merely neutral or passive, or whether she actively colluded in Caesar's wishes. The first divorce left Tiberius a foster child at the house of Octavian; the second left Tiberius with a lasting emotional scar, since he had been forced for dynastic
874:
his inability to endure his mother any longer. Until AD 22 there had, according to
Tacitus, been "a genuine harmony between mother and son, or a hatred well concealed;" Dio tells us that at the time of his accession already Tiberius heartily loathed her. In AD 22 she had fallen ill, and Tiberius
1013:
Livia's image appears in ancient visual media such as coins and portraits. She was the first woman to appear on provincial coins in 16 BC and her portrait images can be chronologically identified partially from the progression of her hair designs, which represented more than keeping up with the
866:
and saved at Livia's entreaty. (Plancina committed suicide in AD 33 after being accused again of murder after Livia's death.) A notice from AD 22 records that Julia
Augusta (Livia) dedicated a statue to Augustus in the center of Rome, placing her own name even before that of Tiberius.
1066:, scheming political mastermind. Determined never to allow republican governance to flower again, as she felt they led to corruption and civil war, and devoted to bringing Tiberius to power and then maintaining him there, she is involved in nearly every death or disgrace in the
822:. Livia exercised unofficial but very real power in Rome. Eventually, Tiberius became resentful of his mother's political status, particularly against the idea that it was she who had given him the throne. At the beginning of his reign Tiberius vetoed the unprecedented title
590:
After peace was established between the
Triumvirate and the followers of Sextus Pompeius, a general amnesty was announced, and Livia returned to Rome, where she was personally introduced to Octavian in 39 BC. At this time, Livia already had a son, the future emperor
681:
With Augustus being the father of only one daughter (Julia by Scribonia), Livia revealed herself to be an ambitious mother and soon started to push her own sons, Tiberius and Drusus, into power. Drusus was a trusted general and married Augustus' favorite niece,
264:
in 27 BC, effectively making him emperor. Livia then became the Roman empress. In this role, she served as an influential confidant of her husband and was rumored to have been responsible for the deaths of a number of Augustus' relatives, including his grandson
1071:
intense devotion to the well-being of the Empire as a whole, and her machinations are justified as a necessarily cruel means to what she firmly considers a noble aspiration: the common good of the Romans, achievable only under strict imperial rule. In
2036:
PLIN. Nat. XIV, 6: Iulia Augusta LXXXVI annos vitae Pucino vino rettulit acceptos, non alio usa. Gignitur in sinu Hadriatici maris non procul a Timavo fonte, saxoso colle, maritimo adflatu paucas coquente anforas … nec aliud aptius medicamentis
946:
Livia played a vital role in the formation of her children Tiberius and Drusus. Attention focuses on her part in the divorce of her first husband, father of Tiberius, in 39/38 BC. Her role in this is unknown, as well as in Tiberius's divorce of
725:
also mentions such rumours. There are also rumors mentioned by Tacitus and Cassius Dio that Livia brought about Augustus' death by poisoning fresh figs, although modern historians view this as unlikely. Augustus' granddaughter was
478:
often found in her name suggests that she was not her father's first daughter. She may have had a brother named Gaius Livius Drusus who had two daughters named Livia Pulchra and Livilla. Her father also adopted
272:
After Augustus died in AD 14, Tiberius became emperor. Livia continued to exert political influence as the mother of the emperor. She died on 28 September AD 29. She was the grandmother of the emperor
1961:
Suetonius. "Life of Augustus"; "Life of Tiberius"; "Life of Claudius," in The Twelve Caesars. Translated by Robert Graves, 1957. Revised by Michael Grant, 1979. NY: Viking Penguin, 1986.
646:("First among the Senate"). He and Livia formed the role model for Roman households. Despite their wealth and power, Augustus' family continued to live modestly in their house on the
1022:
in public displays had a dramatic effect on the visual representation of future imperial women as ideal, honorable mothers and wives of Rome. Livia also restored the temple of the
787:
picked fresh from his garden, smeared each fruit with poison while still on the tree to preempt him. In Imperial times, a variety of fig cultivated in Roman gardens was called the
850:
The historians Tacitus and Cassius Dio depict an overweening, even domineering dowager, ready to interfere in Tiberius’ decisions. The most notable instances were the cases of
899:
along with her husband's, races were held in her honor, and women were to invoke her name in their sacred oaths. Her and Augustus' tomb was later sacked at an unknown date.
2527:
1101:(2010), have Livia as a central character in a fictionalized account of her life and times. Livia plays an important role in two Marcus Corvinus mysteries by David Wishart,
818:, the new emperor, appeared to get along with each other. Speaking against her became treason in AD 20, and in AD 24 he granted his mother a theater seat among the
698:. Drusus was killed in a riding accident only a few years later, dying in 9 BC. This was also the same year in which Livia was honored by the dedication of the
875:
hastened back to Rome in order to be with her. But in AD 29 when she finally fell ill and died, he remained on Capri, pleading pressure of work and sending
566:
487:
247:
140:
453:
2121:
1093:, Livia is portrayed as a cunning and effective advisor to her husband, whom she loves passionately. Luke Devenish's "Empress of Rome" novels,
3510:
599:(also known as Drusus the Elder). Legend said that Octavian fell immediately in love with her, despite the fact that he was still married to
522:, was born in 42 BC. In 40 BC, the family was forced to flee Italy in order to avoid the recriminations of Octavian in the aftermath of the
2517:
880:
her own instructions. Later he vetoed all the honors the Senate had granted her after her death and cancelled the fulfillment of her will.
1540:. Studi pubblicati dall'Istituto italiano per la storia antica. Vol. 2–3. Rome: University of Wisconsin - Madison. pp. 352–353.
1152:
2205:
2187:
1233:
Her marriage with Augustus produced only one pregnancy, which miscarried. However, through her sons by her first husband, Tiberius and
670:. She had her own circle of clients and pushed many protégés into political offices, including the grandfathers of the later emperors
3302:
2557:
2475:]. Philippika: Marburger altertumskundliche Abhandlungen (in German). Vol. 29. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. pp. 313–336.
515:
807:
258:. In 38 BC, she divorced Tiberius Claudius Nero and married the political leader Octavian. The Senate granted Octavian the title
702:
as a birthday present. Tiberius married Augustus' daughter Julia in 11 BC and was ultimately adopted as Augustus' heir in AD 4.
3378:
3344:
3186:
2231:
Drusus Julius Caesar, Tiberius' son, married Livilla, Nero Claudius Drusus' daughter, who was the mother of his three children.
2566:
2480:
2457:
1451:
1334:
1214:
210:
67:
1904:"Review of: The Villa of Livia Ad Gallinas Albas. A Study in the Augustan Villa and Garden. Archaeologica Transatlantica XX"
826:("Mother of the Fatherland") that the Senate wished to bestow upon her, in the same manner in which Augustus had been named
3500:
2009:. Edited by Diana E. E. Kleiner and Susan B. Matheson Yale University Art Gallery. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2000.
446:
2280:
3490:
3307:
2288:
1889:
634:
in 31 BC, Octavian returned to Rome triumphant; on 16 January 27 BC, the Senate bestowed upon him the honorary title of
3525:
3252:
3049:
2434:
779:. These dispositions permitted Livia to maintain her status and power after her husband's death, under the new name of
731:
559:
2222:
Their names are unknown, but it is known that all of them were killed by Nero, thus descent from this line is extinct.
2169:
2831:
2467:
Kunst, Christiane (2009). "Das Liviabild im Wandel" [The image of Livia in flux]. In Losemann, Volker (ed.).
2387:
2357:
2317:
1982:
1946:
1594:
1484:
3485:
2498:]. Archaeologia transatlantica (in German). Vol. 13. Providence & Louvain-la-Neuve: Brown University.
2027:
Zeno Saracino, „Pompei in miniatura“: la storia di „Vallicula“ o Barcola", In: Trieste All News, 29 September 2018.
1001:
lists of items to be discussed with Livia, and then take careful notes of her replies to be consulted again later.
3515:
3450:
3079:
2244:
2048:
1635:. 48.34.3. (Vol. VI, Loeb Classical Library edition, 1917. Harvard University Press. Translation by Earnest Cary)
1202:
467:
439:
239:
188:
3495:
3054:
2983:
2103:
717:, was adopted at the same time as Tiberius, but later Agrippa Postumus was sent into exile and finally killed.
706:
638:("honorable" or "revered one"). Augustus rejected monarchical titles, instead choosing to refer to himself as
3135:
3074:
2550:
931:
4.37). In AD 24, whenever she attended the theatre, a seat among the Vestals was typically reserved for her (
906:
north of Rome is currently being excavated; its famous frescoes of imaginary garden views may be seen at the
574:
3262:
3191:
3176:
3044:
2876:
2861:
1632:
895:), and an elephant-drawn chariot conveyed her image to all public games. A statue of her was set up in the
600:
2522:
3520:
3124:
2717:
2444:
Minaud, Gérard (2012). "La vie de Livie, femme d'Auguste" [The life of Livia, wife of Augustus].
1586:
765:
shortly afterward. In his will, he left one third of his property to Livia, and the other two thirds to
3480:
1446:
2076:
3297:
3181:
3119:
3085:
2798:
2129:
988:
480:
425:
603:. Octavian divorced Scribonia on 30 October 39 BC, the very day that she gave birth to his daughter
3129:
2543:
896:
710:
539:
491:
225:
47:
1698:
1.3; 1.6. (The Works of Tacitus tr. by Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb 1864–1877),
3475:
3215:
3204:
3064:
2836:
2821:
2375:
2268:
1144:
1128:
911:
543:
935:
4.16), but this may have been intended more as an honor for the Vestals than for her (cf. Ovid,
3399:
2928:
2738:
2018:
Pliny "The natural history of Caius Plinius Secundus" (approx. AD 77), third volume, 14th book.
1238:
1067:
907:
503:
331:
178:
20:
1472:
1063:
56:
3460:
3272:
3210:
3141:
2998:
2610:
2258:
1343:
839:
126:
3429:
indicates a consort to an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper, and
1578:
542:. Later, Livia, her husband Tiberius Nero and their two-year-old son, Tiberius, moved on to
3470:
3373:
3292:
3151:
3059:
2886:
2692:
2655:
1299:
1253:
1234:
858:, who correctly assumed that her friendship with the empress placed her above the law; and
596:
507:
255:
166:
887:, that all her honors were restored and her deification finally completed. She was named
8:
3351:
3334:
3314:
3277:
3257:
3109:
2743:
1653:
Flory, Marleen B. “Livia and the History of Public Honorific Statues for Women in Rome.”
1072:
855:
758:
285:
1997:
Tacitus. Annals of Imperial Rome. Translated by Michael Grant. NY: Viking Penguin, 1987.
3465:
3324:
3282:
3242:
3197:
3104:
2978:
2650:
2625:
2363:
2336:
2151:
1564:
1490:
1313:
1217:. The child Livia is played by Meadow Nobrega, the adolescent and young adult Livia by
1189:
1163:
1159:
1090:
948:
535:
499:
3505:
3406:
3235:
3034:
2968:
2851:
2826:
2815:
2753:
2707:
2499:
2476:
2453:
2430:
2398:
2383:
2353:
2313:
1978:
1942:
1590:
1480:
1282:
1267:
1206:
992:
Historical picture in the direction of the vineyards by the sea between Prosecco and
727:
713:, whom Augustus had adopted as sons and successors, had died, the one remaining son,
157:
3161:
743:
3411:
3356:
3267:
3247:
3230:
3166:
3146:
3017:
2988:
2938:
2783:
2727:
2685:
2675:
2665:
2600:
2413:
1658:
1197:
with a focus on Livia's role and relationships. She is portrayed as having sworn a
1175:
1123:
1006:
859:
775:
714:
659:
655:
631:
581:
290:
266:
260:
38:
3361:
1148:
3319:
3287:
3220:
3171:
3091:
2916:
2911:
2896:
2871:
2793:
2748:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2615:
2590:
1972:
1422:
1410:
1403:
1357:
1085:
1080:
1029:
792:
750:
604:
2535:
1903:
1693:
1032:, who describes the vines of the Pulcino wine ("Vinum Pucinum" - today at best "
3455:
3366:
3225:
3156:
3099:
2906:
2758:
2702:
2697:
2670:
2620:
2595:
2417:
2297:
1368:
1222:
903:
614:
608:
416:
102:
1941:. The Library of New Testament Studies 75. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 44.
832:("Father of the Fatherland") (Tiberius also consistently refused the title of
3444:
3394:
3339:
3329:
3029:
2993:
2953:
2948:
2846:
2763:
1375:
1320:
1133:
1059:
828:
819:
683:
647:
527:
495:
214:
2503:
2469:
Alte Geschichte zwischen Wissenschaft und Politik: Gedenkschrift Karl Christ
2263:
973:
798:
2733:
2645:
2446:
Les vies de 12 femmes d'empereur romain – Devoirs, Intrigues & Voluptés
2367:
2053:
1494:
1218:
1198:
1184:
883:
It was not until 13 years later, in AD 42 during the reign of her grandson
784:
762:
523:
236:
115:
2170:"charlotte Rampling as Livia Drusilla film title Imperium - Augustus 2003"
1619:
1511:, Archaeologia Transatlantica XIII, Louvain-la-Neuve and Providence, 1995.
2680:
2081:
1429:
1260:
1241:
emperors as well as most of the extended Julio-Claudian imperial family.
1076:
1054:
722:
667:
511:
98:
2348:————————— (2002).
2340:
510:, but her husband continued fighting against Octavian, now on behalf of
2901:
2575:
2473:
Ancient history between science and politics: Gedenkschrift Karl Christ
1306:
1194:
1036:"). This then special and rare wine from the sunny slopes northeast of
863:
770:
687:
321:
229:
2327:
Barrett, Anthony A. (2001). "Tacitus, Livia and the evil stepmother".
1535:
1351:
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus)
2958:
2803:
2605:
2450:
The Lives of 12 Roman Emperor's Wives - Duty, Intrigue & Pleasure
977:
851:
699:
297:
3114:
3039:
2922:
2788:
2773:
1662:
1396:
1327:
1246:
1210:
1033:
927:
which Tiberius despised ("a strong contempt for honours", Tacitus,
884:
876:
815:
766:
747:
721:
charges that Livia was not altogether innocent of these deaths and
695:
619:
592:
519:
498:'s assassins against Octavian. Her father committed suicide in the
385:
372:
358:
345:
277:
273:
251:
217:
162:
146:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1079:, Livia hires Decius Metellus to investigate the murder of one of
791:, perhaps because of her reputed horticultural abilities, or as a
3069:
3003:
2973:
2856:
2841:
2660:
1384:
1037:
993:
844:
803:
718:
705:
Rumor had it that Livia was behind the death of Augustus' nephew
691:
663:
471:
243:
198:
173:
2380:
Confronting the Classics: Traditions, Adventures and Innovations
870:
Ancient historians give as a reason for Tiberius' retirement to
2963:
2809:
2310:
Portraits of Livia: Imaging the Imperial Woman in Augustan Rome
1638:
1507:
For Livia's portraiture and representations, see: Rolf Winkes,
1062:—based on Tacitus' innuendo—Livia is portrayed as a thoroughly
981:
623:
531:
466:
Livia Drusilla was born on 30 January 59 BC as the daughter of
311:
2866:
1041:
871:
671:
16:
Wife of Roman emperor Augustus and mother of emperor Tiberius
738:
1350:
675:
397:
281:
94:
2206:"The truth behind Ancient Rome's most controversial woman"
2122:"themakeupgallery - Greece & Rome - Livia I, Claudius"
1939:
Patronage and Power: A Study of Social Networks in Corinth
1521:
Chrystal, Paul (2017). "5: Livia Drusilla (58 BC–AD 29)".
2188:"Empress of Rome - The Life of Livia by Matthew Dennison"
1523:
Roman Women: The Women who influenced the History of Rome
1170:
1140:
317:
2281:"Cassius Dio's Livia and the Conspiracy of Cinna Magnus"
1247:
Tiberius Claudius Nero (Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus)
486:
She was married around 43 BC. Her father married her to
2452:] (in French). Paris: L’Harmattan. pp. 13–38.
1655:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
1585:. Translated by Lappin, Linda. Chicago & London:
753:
of Livia with the bust of the Divus Augustus (Vienna)
2496:
Livia, Octavia, Iulia: portraits and representations
1390:
I. see children of Drusus Julius Caesar listed above
1075:'s short story "The King of Sacrifices," set in his
963:
2399:"Depiction of Livia and Julia Domna by Cassius Dio"
1751:Norwood, Frances, "The Riddle of Ovid's Relegatio"
567:
National Archaeological Museum of the Marche Region
1509:Livia, Octavia, Iulia – Porträts und Darstellungen
1328:Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (Caligula)
910:. One of the most famous statues of Augustus (the
650:. Livia would set the pattern for the noble Roman
298:Birth and first marriage to Tiberius Claudius Nero
2565:
2492:Livia, Octavia, Iulia: Porträts und Darstellungen
280:, and the great-great-grandmother of the emperor
3442:
494:status who was fighting with him on the side of
1806:
1804:
1536:Istituto italiana per la storia antica (1968).
1283:Tiberius Julius Caesar Nero (Tiberius Gemellus)
1884:
1882:
1845:
1843:
960:The Roman tribe Livia was named in her honor.
952:considerations to abandon the woman he loved.
2551:
2406:Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
2152:"Siân Phillips CBE Culture award 2015 winner"
686:, having three children: the popular general
447:
3425:indicates a consort to a junior co-emperor,
2007:I Claudia II: Women in Roman art and society
1801:
1397:Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
1209:to restore the Republic and to be playing a
1162:, (one of a series), Livia was portrayed by
769:. In the will, he also adopted her into the
730:. Sometime between AD 1 and 14, her husband
54:
1879:
1840:
1479:. Yale University Press. pp. 309–310.
1288:III. Germanicus Gemellus, 19–23, died young
802:Livia and her son Tiberius, AD 14–19, from
288:by Claudius, who acknowledged her title of
2558:
2544:
2396:
1792:
1707:Cassius Dio 53.33.4, 55.10A, 55.32; 57.3.6
1576:
1237:, she was a direct ancestor of all of the
1040:in the direction of the place Prosecco or
996:where the Empress' favorite wine was grown
709:in 23 BC. After Julia's two elder sons by
630:After Mark Antony's suicide following the
454:
440:
46:
2162:
2074:
1622:." Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors.
1570:
1263:, before AD 14– AD 43, had four children
1116:
1109:(1997). She is mentioned posthumously in
739:Life after Augustus, death, and aftermath
735:been sent in exile twenty years earlier.
209:(30 January 59 BC – 28 September 29) was
2424:
2077:"What Makes a Good Ancient World Drama?"
2046:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1520:
987:
972:
968:
838:
797:
757:Augustus died on 19 August AD 14, being
742:
613:
2347:
2326:
2307:
1970:
1777:
1470:
1344:Julia Agrippina (Agrippina the Younger)
1179:, Livia was dramatized by Alice Henley.
1147:based on the book, Livia was played by
1047:
854:, grandmother of Claudius's first wife
808:National Archaeological Museum of Spain
773:and granted her the honorific title of
3443:
2489:
2443:
1901:
1563:Livia, First Lady of Imperial Rome by
914:) came from the grounds of the villa.
518:. Her first child, the future emperor
316:A cult statue of Livia represented as
2539:
2466:
2374:
2278:
2198:
2180:
2144:
2096:
1902:Lusnia, Susann S. (29 October 2016).
1603:
1552:Liverpool Classical Monthly. Vol. 1–2
1452:List of Roman and Byzantine empresses
250:around 43 BC, and they had two sons,
3511:Burials at the Mausoleum of Augustus
2352:. Cambridge: Yale University Press.
2114:
2047:Unsworth, Barry (2 September 2006).
1936:
1430:Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus
1387:, 13 BC – AD 31, had three children
1256:, 14 BC – AD 23, had three children
595:, and was pregnant with the second,
2518:As goddess and priestess of Demeter
2427:Livia, Empress of Rome: A Biography
2289:Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
1581:. In Fraschetti, Fraschetti (ed.).
1501:
1425:, 39 or 40 – 62, died without issue
1399:, 10 BC – AD 54, had four children
1285:, 19 – 37 or 38, died without issue
549:
276:, great-grandmother of the emperor
213:from 27 BC to AD 14 as the wife of
13:
2350:Livia: First Lady of Imperial Rome
2238:
2075:Harrisson, Juliette (4 May 2018).
1477:Livia: First Lady of Imperial Rome
1309:, 15 BC – AD 19, had six children
1249:, 42 BC – AD 37, had two children
642:("First Citizen of the State") or
14:
3537:
2511:
2329:Rheinisches Museum für Philologie
2128:. 5 December 2005. Archived from
1657:, vol. 123, , 1993, pp. 287–308,
964:In literature and popular culture
814:For some time, Livia and her son
2429:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
573:
558:
310:
2225:
2216:
2104:"1960's TV Shows - The caesars"
2068:
2040:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2000:
1991:
1964:
1955:
1930:
1921:
1895:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1786:
1771:
1758:
1745:
1732:
1723:
1710:
1701:
1686:
1677:
1668:
1473:"Appendix 5: Livia's Birthdate"
1321:Drusus Julius Caesar Germanicus
1213:to that effect in concert with
618:Sculpture of Livia in Egyptian
468:Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus
240:Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus
189:Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus
2312:. Cambridge University Press.
1625:
1557:
1544:
1529:
1514:
1464:
1360:, January–April 63, died young
1228:
1193:relates the rise of the Roman
1155:for her portrayal of the role.
1052:In the popular fictional work
917:
1:
3433:incidates an empress regnant.
2397:Bertolazzi, Riccardo (2015).
1316:, 6–30/31, died without issue
1314:Nero Julius Caesar Germanicus
1270:, 33–62, had several children
3263:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
2296:(1): 133–154. Archived from
2269:Resources in other libraries
1971:Tacitus (1 September 2004).
1892:. (The Life of Tiberius) 51.
1577:Fraschetti, Augusto (2001).
1471:Barrett, Anthony A. (2002).
1302:38–9 BC, had three children
1158:In the 2003 television film
843:Livia Drusilla statue, from
7:
3501:1st-century Roman empresses
2308:Bartman, Elizabeth (1999).
1587:University of Chicago Press
1554:. Indiana University. p. 2.
1440:
1432:, 41–55, died without issue
1378:, 18–42, died without issue
1371:, 16–38, died without issue
112:28 September AD 29 (age 87)
10:
3542:
3491:1st-century BC Roman women
2425:Dennison, Matthew (2011).
2418:10.1556/068.2015.55.1-4.28
1908:Bryn Mawr Classical Review
1729:Cassius Dio 55.22.2; 56.30
1538:Miscellanea Greca e Romana
1447:Julio-Claudian family tree
1413:, c. 30–66, had one child
1323:, 8–33, died without issue
1273:b. Gaius Rubellius Blandus
320:, with sheaf of wheat and
235:Livia was the daughter of
18:
3526:Mothers of Roman emperors
3420:
3387:
3298:Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
3016:
2937:
2885:
2799:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
2772:
2716:
2574:
2382:. New York: W.W. Norton.
2264:Resources in your library
1620:"Livia (Wife of Augustus)
1293:B. Tiberillus, died young
1221:, and the adult Livia by
955:
862:, suspected of murdering
795:reference to this rumor.
694:, and the future emperor
481:Marcus Livius Drusus Libo
426:Year of the Four Emperors
194:
184:
172:
156:
133:
121:
108:
88:
84:
73:
66:
55:
45:
35:
30:
2528:Livia: Love and Politics
1795:Confronting the Classics
1567:, Yale University Press.
1457:
1404:Tiberius Claudius Drusus
1307:Germanicus Julius Caesar
711:Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
305:Roman imperial dynasties
3486:Deified Roman empresses
3216:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2822:Flavia Julia Constantia
1385:Claudia Livia (Livilla)
1353:, 37–68, had one child
1346:, 15–59, had one child
1330:, 12–41, had one child
1268:Gaius Rubellius Plautus
1173:/BBC television series
912:Augustus of Prima Porta
904:Villa ad Gallinas Albas
732:Lucius Aemilius Paullus
3516:Ancient Roman adoptees
3451:Julio-Claudian dynasty
2739:Marcia Otacilia Severa
1977:. Hackett Publishing.
1937:Chow, John K. (1992).
1579:"Livia the Politician"
1550:Pinsent, John (1976).
1132:, Livia was played by
1117:On television and film
1028:Livia is mentioned by
997:
985:
847:
811:
754:
627:
504:Gaius Cassius Longinus
488:Tiberius Claudius Nero
332:Julio-Claudian dynasty
284:. In AD 42, Livia was
248:Tiberius Claudius Nero
141:Tiberius Claudius Nero
21:Livia (disambiguation)
3496:1st-century BC Romans
3303:Theodora Palaiologina
3273:Anna Komnene Angelina
3211:Catherine of Bulgaria
3142:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
2611:Agrippina the Younger
2490:Winkes, Rolf (1995).
2126:themakeupgallery.info
1742:, Life of Augustus 19
1674:Cassius Dio 48.44.1–3
991:
976:
969:In ancient literature
908:National Roman Museum
842:
801:
746:
617:
127:Mausoleum of Augustus
3374:Sophia of Montferrat
3293:Anna of Hohenstaufen
3152:Theophano Martinakia
3060:Theodora of Khazaria
2693:Julia Cornelia Paula
2656:Faustina the Younger
2279:Adler, Eric (2011).
2158:. 13 September 2017.
2108:nostalgiacentral.com
2049:"Unreliable witness"
1740:The Lives of Caesars
1589:. pp. 100–102.
1416:a. a son, died young
1300:Nero Claudius Drusus
1254:Drusus Julius Caesar
1086:Antony and Cleopatra
1048:In modern literature
597:Nero Claudius Drusus
508:Marcus Junius Brutus
167:Nero Claudius Drusus
19:For other uses, see
3352:Keratsa of Bulgaria
3335:Helena Kantakouzene
3315:Irene of Montferrat
3278:Philippa of Armenia
3258:Margaret of Hungary
3110:Theophano of Athens
2929:Julius Nepos's wife
2744:Herennia Etruscilla
2567:Roman and Byzantine
1927:Cassius Dio, 58.2.5
1858:Cassius Dio, 57.3.3
1793:Mary Beard (2014).
1780:Roman History 54.30
1753:Classical Philology
1683:Cassius Dio 53.33.4
1618:Hurley, D. (1999).
1337:, 39–41, died young
1276:c. Rubellius Drusus
1215:Gn. Calpurnius Piso
1073:John Maddox Roberts
980:depicting Livia as
856:Plautia Urgulanilla
526:. They joined with
350:27 BC – AD 14
220:. She was known as
77:16 January 27 BC –
57:Musée Saint-Raymond
3521:Family of Tiberius
3379:Maria of Trebizond
3345:Irene Palaiologina
3325:Irene of Brunswick
3283:Maria of Courtenay
3243:Bertha of Sulzbach
2651:Faustina the Elder
2626:Statilia Messalina
2523:Portraits of Livia
2132:on 3 November 2016
1849:Tacitus, 3.6eirca4
1810:Cassius Dio, 57.12
1565:Anthony A. Barrett
1164:Charlotte Rampling
1160:Imperium: Augustus
1143:television series
1126:television series
1091:Colleen McCullough
998:
986:
949:Vipsania Agrippina
897:Temple of Augustus
893:The Divine Augusta
848:
812:
755:
700:Ara Pacis Augustae
640:Princeps Civitatis
628:
565:Bust of Augustus,
536:Second Triumvirate
534:, who opposed the
500:Battle of Philippi
3481:Wives of Augustus
3438:
3437:
3407:Byzantine emperor
3236:Dobrodeia of Kiev
3012:
3011:
2816:Valeria Maximilla
2754:Cornelia Salonina
2708:Sallustia Orbiana
2482:978-3-447-05905-3
2459:978-2-336-00291-0
2245:Library resources
1876:Cassius Dio, 58.2
1525:. Fonthill Media.
1151:. Phillips won a
728:Julia the Younger
538:from his base in
474:. The diminutive
464:
463:
431:
430:
224:after her formal
204:
203:
3533:
3357:Irene Gattilusio
3268:Eudokia Angelina
3248:Maria of Antioch
3231:Irene of Hungary
3167:Zoe Karbonopsina
3147:Eudokia Ingerina
3020:Byzantine Empire
2883:
2882:
2728:Caecilia Paulina
2686:Fulvia Plautilla
2676:Manlia Scantilla
2666:Bruttia Crispina
2601:Milonia Caesonia
2560:
2553:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2507:
2486:
2463:
2440:
2421:
2412:(1–4): 413–432.
2403:
2393:
2371:
2344:
2323:
2304:
2303:on 10 June 2021.
2302:
2285:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2044:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1899:
1893:
1886:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1775:
1769:
1762:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1721:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1666:
1651:
1636:
1629:
1623:
1616:
1601:
1600:
1574:
1568:
1561:
1555:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1518:
1512:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1468:
860:Munatia Plancina
715:Agrippa Postumus
662:, and dozens of
644:Princeps Senatus
632:Battle of Actium
582:Hermitage Museum
577:
562:
550:Wife to Augustus
524:siege of Perusia
514:and his brother
490:, her cousin of
456:
449:
442:
409:
408:
375:
361:
314:
302:
301:
267:Agrippa Postumus
92:30 January 59 BC
80:
61:
60:
59:
50:
28:
27:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3416:
3383:
3320:Rita of Armenia
3308:Anna of Hungary
3288:Irene Laskarina
3253:Agnes of France
3221:Maria of Alania
3172:Helena Lekapene
3022:
3019:
3008:
2941:
2933:
2917:Marcia Euphemia
2912:Licinia Eudoxia
2889:
2881:
2872:Aelia Flaccilla
2794:Galeria Valeria
2776:
2768:
2749:Cornelia Supera
2720:
2712:
2641:Pompeia Plotina
2636:Domitia Longina
2631:Galeria Fundana
2616:Claudia Octavia
2591:Livia Orestilla
2578:
2570:
2564:
2530:
2514:
2483:
2460:
2437:
2401:
2390:
2360:
2320:
2300:
2283:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2239:Further reading
2236:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2110:. 14 June 2019.
2102:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1900:
1896:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1791:
1787:
1776:
1772:
1763:
1759:
1750:
1746:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1652:
1639:
1630:
1626:
1617:
1604:
1597:
1575:
1571:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1545:
1534:
1530:
1519:
1515:
1506:
1502:
1487:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1443:
1423:Claudia Octavia
1411:Claudia Antonia
1358:Claudia Augusta
1231:
1119:
1083:'s lovers. In
1081:Julia the Elder
1050:
1030:Pliny the Elder
971:
966:
958:
941:Epist. ex Ponto
920:
793:tongue-in-cheek
741:
605:Julia the Elder
588:
587:
586:
585:
584:
580:Bust of Livia,
578:
570:
569:
563:
552:
528:Sextus Pompeius
516:Lucius Antonius
460:
424:
415:
403:
400:
391:
388:
379:
376:
371:
365:
362:
357:
351:
348:
325:
300:
165:
152:
129:
113:
93:
79:19 August AD 14
78:
62:
52:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3539:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3476:Julii Caesares
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3436:
3435:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3367:Anna of Moscow
3359:
3354:
3349:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3228:
3226:Irene Doukaina
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3162:Eudokia Baïana
3159:
3157:Zoe Zaoutzaina
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3100:Maria of Amnia
3097:
3089:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2939:Eastern Empire
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2907:Galla Placidia
2904:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2887:Western Empire
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2759:Ulpia Severina
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2724:
2722:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2703:Annia Faustina
2700:
2698:Aquilia Severa
2695:
2690:
2678:
2673:
2671:Flavia Titiana
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2621:Poppaea Sabina
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2596:Lollia Paulina
2593:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2579:27 BC – AD 235
2572:
2571:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2525:
2520:
2513:
2512:External links
2510:
2509:
2508:
2487:
2481:
2464:
2458:
2441:
2436:978-0312658649
2435:
2422:
2394:
2388:
2372:
2358:
2345:
2335:(2): 171–175.
2324:
2318:
2305:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2224:
2215:
2197:
2192:thetimes.co.uk
2179:
2161:
2143:
2113:
2095:
2067:
2039:
2029:
2020:
2011:
1999:
1990:
1983:
1963:
1954:
1947:
1929:
1920:
1894:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1800:
1797:. p. 131.
1785:
1770:
1757:
1744:
1731:
1722:
1709:
1700:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1663:10.2307/284333
1637:
1624:
1602:
1595:
1569:
1556:
1543:
1528:
1513:
1500:
1485:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1369:Julia Drusilla
1365:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1335:Julia Drusilla
1324:
1317:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1239:Julio-Claudian
1230:
1227:
1223:Kasia Smutniak
1181:
1180:
1167:
1156:
1137:
1118:
1115:
1099:Nest of Vipers
1068:Julio-Claudian
1049:
1046:
970:
967:
965:
962:
957:
954:
919:
916:
836:for himself).
820:Vestal Virgins
740:
737:
609:pater familias
579:
572:
571:
564:
557:
556:
555:
554:
553:
551:
548:
462:
461:
459:
458:
451:
444:
436:
433:
432:
429:
428:
419:
417:Roman Republic
405:
404:
401:
396:
393:
392:
389:
384:
381:
380:
377:
370:
367:
366:
363:
356:
353:
352:
349:
344:
341:
340:
336:
335:
327:
326:
315:
307:
306:
299:
296:
246:. She married
207:Livia Drusilla
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
179:Julio-Claudian
176:
170:
169:
160:
154:
153:
151:
150:
144:
137:
135:
131:
130:
125:
123:
119:
118:
110:
106:
105:
103:Roman Republic
90:
86:
85:
82:
81:
75:
71:
70:
64:
63:
51:
43:
42:
33:
32:
31:Livia Drusilla
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3538:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3395:Roman emperor
3393:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3362:Helena Dragaš
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3340:Irene Asanina
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3330:Anna of Savoy
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3030:Fabia Eudokia
3028:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2994:Ino Anastasia
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:Aelia Eudocia
2952:
2950:
2949:Aelia Eudoxia
2947:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2847:Marina Severa
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2764:Magnia Urbica
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2389:9780871407160
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2359:9780300102987
2355:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2319:9780521583947
2315:
2311:
2306:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2228:
2219:
2212:. 7 May 2021.
2211:
2207:
2201:
2194:. 1 May 2010.
2193:
2189:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2071:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2043:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2008:
2003:
1994:
1986:
1984:9781603840156
1980:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1958:
1950:
1948:9780567111869
1944:
1940:
1933:
1924:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1873:
1864:
1855:
1846:
1844:
1837:Tacitus, 4.57
1834:
1828:Tacitus, 3.17
1825:
1819:Tacitus, 2.34
1816:
1807:
1805:
1796:
1789:
1781:
1778:Cassius Dio.
1774:
1767:
1761:
1755:(1963) p. 154
1754:
1748:
1741:
1735:
1726:
1719:
1713:
1704:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1633:Roman History
1628:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1598:
1596:9780226260945
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1560:
1553:
1547:
1539:
1532:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1486:9780300102987
1482:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1376:Julia Livilla
1373:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1149:Siân Phillips
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:Sonia Dresdel
1131:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:Den of Wolves
1092:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1064:Machiavellian
1061:
1060:Robert Graves
1057:
1056:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1002:
995:
990:
983:
979:
975:
961:
953:
950:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
924:
915:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
881:
878:
873:
868:
865:
861:
857:
853:
846:
841:
837:
835:
834:Pater Patriae
831:
830:
829:Pater Patriae
825:
824:Mater Patriae
821:
817:
809:
805:
800:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
781:Julia Augusta
778:
777:
772:
771:Julian family
768:
764:
760:
752:
749:
745:
736:
733:
729:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:Antonia Minor
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
648:Palatine Hill
645:
641:
637:
633:
625:
621:
616:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
583:
576:
568:
561:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:Pompey Magnus
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
502:, along with
501:
497:
496:Julius Caesar
493:
489:
484:
482:
477:
473:
469:
457:
452:
450:
445:
443:
438:
437:
435:
434:
427:
423:
420:
418:
414:
411:
410:
407:
406:
399:
395:
394:
387:
383:
382:
374:
369:
368:
360:
355:
354:
347:
343:
342:
338:
337:
334:
333:
329:
328:
324:, 1st century
323:
319:
313:
309:
308:
304:
303:
295:
293:
292:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
263:
262:
257:
253:
249:
245:
242:and his wife
241:
238:
233:
231:
230:Julian family
227:
223:
222:Julia Augusta
219:
216:
212:
211:Roman empress
208:
200:
197:
193:
190:
187:
183:
180:
177:
175:
171:
168:
164:
161:
159:
155:
149:(38 BC–AD 14)
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
117:
114:Rome, Italy,
111:
107:
104:
100:
96:
91:
87:
83:
76:
72:
69:
68:Roman empress
65:
58:
49:
44:
41:
40:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3461:59 BC births
3430:
3426:
3422:
3365:
3343:
3306:
3234:
3203:
3196:
3134:
3092:
3084:
2921:
2814:
2734:Tranquillina
2684:
2646:Vibia Sabina
2585:
2531:(in Spanish)
2495:
2491:
2472:
2468:
2449:
2445:
2426:
2409:
2405:
2379:
2349:
2332:
2328:
2309:
2298:the original
2293:
2287:
2259:Online books
2249:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2191:
2182:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2134:. Retrieved
2130:the original
2125:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2080:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2054:The Guardian
2052:
2042:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1973:
1966:
1957:
1938:
1932:
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1907:
1897:
1890:Vita Tiberii
1872:
1867:Tacitus, 5.1
1863:
1854:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1794:
1788:
1779:
1773:
1765:
1760:
1752:
1747:
1739:
1734:
1725:
1717:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1654:
1631:Cassius Dio
1627:
1582:
1572:
1559:
1551:
1546:
1537:
1531:
1522:
1516:
1508:
1503:
1476:
1466:
1406:, died young
1232:
1219:Nadia Parkes
1188:
1185:Sky Atlantic
1182:
1174:
1169:In the 2007
1139:In the 1976
1127:
1122:In the 1968
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1053:
1051:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1005:
1004:In Tacitus'
1003:
999:
959:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
925:
921:
901:
892:
889:Diva Augusta
888:
882:
869:
849:
833:
827:
823:
813:
788:
780:
774:
756:
704:
680:
651:
643:
639:
635:
629:
622:, c. 31 BC,
589:
485:
475:
470:by his wife
465:
421:
412:
330:
289:
271:
259:
234:
221:
206:
205:
116:Roman Empire
36:
25:
3471:Livii Drusi
3427:underlining
2999:Constantina
2681:Julia Domna
2376:Beard, Mary
2368:j.ctt1nq0jw
2082:Den of Geek
1888:Suetonius.
1738:Suetonius,
1583:Roman Women
1495:j.ctt1nq0jw
1261:Julia Livia
1229:Descendants
1199:sacred oath
1145:I, Claudius
1129:The Caesars
1105:(1995) and
1097:(2008) and
1077:SPQR series
1055:I, Claudius
943:4.13.29f).
939:, 4.2.13f,
918:Personality
723:Cassius Dio
666:marshes in
656:palm groves
530:, a son of
512:Mark Antony
422:Followed by
413:Preceded by
3445:Categories
3130:Euphrosyne
2902:Thermantia
2862:Constantia
2576:Principate
2136:3 November
2037:indicatur.
1974:The Annals
1913:29 October
1203:her father
1195:Principate
1107:Germanicus
864:Germanicus
688:Germanicus
339:Chronology
322:cornucopia
232:in AD 14.
143:(43–39 BC)
3466:29 deaths
3182:Theophano
3120:Theodosia
3095:of Athens
3050:Anastasia
2959:Pulcheria
2804:Minervina
2606:Messalina
2569:empresses
2174:alamy.com
2156:gov.wales
1764:Tacitus,
1183:The 2021
1024:Bona Dea.
1020:Concordia
978:Dupondius
852:Urgulania
707:Marcellus
601:Scribonia
492:patrician
228:into the
3506:Augustae
3412:Augustae
3388:See also
3205:Theodora
3187:Theodora
3177:Theodora
3136:Theodora
3115:Prokopia
3105:Theodote
3040:Gregoria
3023:610–1453
3018:Eastern/
2984:Theodora
2979:Euphemia
2923:Placidia
2832:Faustina
2789:Eutropia
2774:Dominate
2504:37599354
2378:(2013).
2341:41234489
1716:Tacitus
1692:Tacitus
1441:See also
1211:long con
1113:(1998).
1034:Prosecco
885:Claudius
877:Caligula
816:Tiberius
810:, Madrid
767:Tiberius
748:Sardonyx
696:Claudius
636:Augustus
620:basanite
593:Tiberius
520:Tiberius
476:Drusilla
402:AD 54–68
390:AD 41–54
386:Claudius
378:AD 37–41
373:Caligula
364:AD 14–37
359:Tiberius
346:Augustus
278:Caligula
274:Claudius
261:Augustus
252:Tiberius
226:adoption
218:Augustus
163:Tiberius
147:Augustus
3423:Italics
3080:Eudokia
3070:Tzitzak
3055:Eudokia
3035:Martina
3004:Leontia
2974:Zenonis
2969:Ariadne
2942:395–610
2890:395–480
2857:Domnica
2852:Justina
2842:Charito
2827:Eusebia
2777:284–610
2721:235–285
2661:Lucilla
2210:bbc.com
2176:. 2003.
2088:15 July
2060:15 July
1695:Annals.
1187:series
1111:Sejanus
1038:Barcola
994:Barcola
937:Tristia
845:Paestum
804:Paestum
789:Liviana
776:Augusta
761:by the
759:deified
719:Tacitus
692:Livilla
664:papyrus
652:matrona
626:, Paris
472:Alfidia
291:Augusta
286:deified
244:Alfidia
237:senator
215:Emperor
199:Alfidia
174:Dynasty
134:Spouses
39:Augusta
3192:Helena
3125:Thekla
3045:Fausta
2989:Sophia
2964:Verina
2837:Helena
2810:Fausta
2784:Prisca
2718:Crisis
2502:
2479:
2456:
2433:
2386:
2366:
2356:
2339:
2316:
2247:about
1981:
1945:
1768:IV, 71
1718:Annals
1593:
1493:
1483:
1235:Drusus
1190:Domina
1016:Pietas
1007:Annals
982:Pietas
956:Legacy
933:Annals
929:Annals
763:senate
624:Louvre
544:Greece
540:Sicily
256:Drusus
195:Mother
185:Father
122:Burial
74:Tenure
53:Bust,
37:Julia
3456:Livia
3093:Irene
3075:Maria
3065:Maria
2897:Maria
2877:Galla
2867:Laeta
2586:Livia
2494:[
2471:[
2448:[
2402:(PDF)
2364:JSTOR
2337:JSTOR
2301:(PDF)
2284:(PDF)
2250:Livia
1491:JSTOR
1458:Notes
1421:III.
1326:III.
1319:II.
1207:shade
1153:BAFTA
1042:Duino
872:Capri
751:cameo
672:Galba
668:Egypt
660:Judea
158:Issue
99:Italy
3431:bold
3400:list
3364:(w.
3342:(w.
3305:(w.
3233:(w.
3086:Anna
2683:(w.
2500:OCLC
2477:ISBN
2454:ISBN
2431:ISBN
2384:ISBN
2354:ISBN
2314:ISBN
2138:2016
2090:2022
2062:2022
1979:ISBN
1943:ISBN
1915:2016
1766:Ann.
1591:ISBN
1481:ISBN
1428:IV.
1409:II.
1395:C.
1374:VI.
1342:IV.
1281:II.
1176:Rome
1103:Ovid
1018:and
902:Her
785:figs
676:Otho
674:and
506:and
398:Nero
282:Nero
254:and
109:Died
95:Rome
89:Born
3198:Zoë
2806:(?)
2730:(?)
2414:doi
2333:144
1720:1.5
1659:doi
1402:I.
1383:B.
1367:V.
1356:i.
1349:a.
1333:a.
1312:I.
1305:A.
1298:2.
1266:a.
1259:I.
1252:A.
1245:1.
1205:'s
1201:to
1171:HBO
1141:BBC
1124:ITV
1089:by
1058:by
658:in
318:Ops
3447::
2410:55
2408:.
2404:.
2362:.
2331:.
2294:51
2292:.
2286:.
2208:.
2190:.
2172:.
2154:.
2124:.
2106:.
2079:.
2051:.
1906:.
1881:^
1842:^
1803:^
1640:^
1605:^
1489:.
1475:.
1225:.
806:,
690:,
678:.
611:.
546:.
483:.
294:.
269:.
101:,
97:,
3370:)
3348:)
3311:)
3239:)
2689:)
2559:e
2552:t
2545:v
2506:.
2485:.
2462:.
2439:.
2420:.
2416::
2392:.
2370:.
2343:.
2322:.
2140:.
2092:.
2064:.
1987:.
1951:.
1917:.
1782:.
1665:.
1661::
1599:.
1497:.
1166:.
1136:.
984:.
891:(
455:e
448:t
441:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_Livie_Mus%C3%A9e_Saint-Raymond_Ra_340.jpg)