1073:. The federal government does fund quite a few projects in many cities, like major transit and roads. These funds come from a variety of federal programs like P3 Canada, where a private company/consortia does a percentage of a project, construction, operations, maintenance, financing and designing, the Building Canada Fund, where major projects can receive federal funds for a project. Unlike many US projects and cities, most projects only get approximately a quarter of their funds from the federal government, and they are not obligated to have a certain amount of the work done by Canadians or Canadian companies.
2431:
1617:
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873:, three municipalities are designated as "regional municipalities". A regional municipality is a single municipal government covering an entire historical county including all formerly incorporated towns and cities within the county. Within the three regional municipalities, designations such as "city" and "town" exist only as informal signifiers for historically chartered towns and cities that used to exist prior to the establishment of the regional municipality.
33:
1631:
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decisions together."... "A First
Nations reserve is not part of any municipality. The federal government takes responsibility for First Nations reserves."... "Local authorities are areas in Alberta that provide local government. A municipality is considered to be a local authority. Examples of local authorities are municipalities, improvement districts and special areas, as well as regional health authorities and school district authorities.
776:
various forms including cities, towns and villages. There are also innumerable specific purpose authorities. In
Ontario province alone there are at least 2000 of these bodies, including 'police commissions, health units, conservation authorities, public utilities commissions, parks boards and school boards' (Tindal & Tindal 1995, p. 2). Schools are usually provided locally by school boards, with the 'school trustees' being elected.
1599:, but further discussion about reform reared its head in the 1970s. In many cities, the system of having a few very large wards encompassing many different walks of life was replaced with one ward for every area with different demographics; this was to ensure that councillors would not have conflicting interests between the well-off and those not so. The arguments over municipal government reform continue, seen in the recent
1584:. It also established a hierarchy of types of municipal governments, starting at the top with cities and continued down past towns, villages and finally townships. Changes to the boundaries of these new governments could be made by petitioning the provincial Municipal Board or by requesting a change through the legislature.
1592:â this form of government was not for advancing a certain political party's view, it was for sitting down and running it 'like a business'. As such, the idea that a larger municipality should have more councillors was the same as having a large board of directors for a larger company, i.e., not functionally possible.
1127:
In Canada, 83% of the municipal government revenue is raised through their own sources, and legally their accounts cannot go into deficit, safeguarding the provinces from unintentionally guaranteeing their municipal governments' debts. The majority of funding for
Canadian municipal governments comes
1740:
Municipal government is local government that is created by the province to provide essential and desired services to communities. Municipal government works within communities to represent the interests and goals of community members, provide services to citizens, and encourage them to make local
775:
The organisation of local government is complex. For instance, in some provinces there are several tiers of local government: regional governments, county governments and municipal governments. There are also special service districts in some unincorporated areas. Municipal local governments take
752:, which is a local council authority which provides local services, facilities, safety and infrastructure for communities. Municipal governments are local general-purpose authorities which provide services to all residents within a defined geographic area called a municipality.
1553:, which received royal approval in 1785. For municipal government, this began an almost 50-year hiatus of receiving approval from the government, ending in the 1830s when the issue was placed on the agenda once again. In 1835, the British parliament passed the
881:
In Canada, the types of municipal government vary between provinces, although they all perform the same functions. The general hierarchy was established in 1849 with the passing of the
Municipal Corporations Act. The largest municipalities are usually called
998:
While many municipal governments have different functions to others (urban vs. rural, etc.), and vary from province to province, most of the services and functions they perform are effectively the same. Functions of municipal governments can include:
817:
In each
Province the Legislature may exclusively make Laws in relation to ⊠Municipal Institutions in the Province." There are about 3,700 municipal governments in Canada. Municipal governments are established under provincial/territorial authority.
1013:
Planning and development. In order to build an extension on to a house, for example, a municipal government permit or certificate of approval may be required. They are also responsible for administering industrial, residential and commercial
1076:
Since each province is responsible for creating local governments in its own territory, the names, functions, and powers of local bodies vary widely across the country. Local governments generally have limited powers, namely creating local
849:
In some provinces, several municipalities in a particular area are also part of an upper tier of municipal government, which provides more regionally oriented services. Depending on the province, this second tier may be called a
1587:
By the early 20th century, Canada was deeply involved in a period of municipal reform. An attempt to distinguish municipal government from the provincial legislature occurred, and the municipal governments were compared with a
1150:
Due to the control that the provinces have over their municipal governments, terms that councillors serve vary from province to province. Unlike most provincial elections, municipal elections are usually held on a fixed date.
2685:
2590:
1017:
Finance and collecting municipality taxes. Most municipalities (with the exception of some rural ones) have the power to collect taxes in order to provide the services mentioned in this list. Almost 10% of the national
2710:
2640:
940:, there is no legal distinction between cities and towns â although an informal and subjective distinction may be observed by English speakers, legally all "cities" and "towns" in Quebec have the same status of
2690:
2392:
1417:
1006:
Transportation. Whilst municipal governments may not be responsible for large highways, small roads and tracks usually come under their control. Additionally, municipal governments may operate bus and train
1003:
Management of the local policing and firefighting stations. Whilst this comes under the jurisdiction of the provincial government in some areas, it is not uncommon to see municipal police and fire stations.
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Education management or funding school boards. In many municipalities, the school board is voted indirectly by the people and funded by the municipal government itself from the taxes it collects.
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830:. While the municipality has autonomy on most decisions, all by-laws passed by that municipal government are subject to change by the provincial government at any time.
1557:, which specified how municipalities were to function and be elected. The ideas from this law were transferred to Canada by Lord Durham, who submitted a report to then-
763:
and
Indigenous. Municipalities are subordinate (delegated) governance entities existing at the pleasure of provinces and territories. According to Section 92(8) of the
2520:
1565:. In late 1840 to early 1841, the governments of what was Canada at the time enacted various acts which established municipal government in all areas of the country.
270:
982:, meaning that they do not have a municipal government at all. Any government services in an unincorporated area are provided either by a local agency, such as a
1774:
2715:
1654:
1537:
Like many
Canadian political institutions, the municipal government has its roots in the medieval system of government in England. Famously, the city of
771:
Local governments are therefore frequently referred to as "creatures of the provinces". There were about 3,700 municipal governments in Canada c. 2002.
533:
172:
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1880:
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Between the 1920s and the 1960s, the municipalities received increased funding from their provincial government parents. This was partly due to the
2037:
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1065:, or disbanded at the whim of the provincial government which controls them. They are also limited in the amount of interaction they have with the
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rather than as a particular type of municipality, but this term is still considered inclusive of all local governments regardless of their status.
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1987:
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1732:"Alberta.ca > Municipal Affairs > Municipalities & Communities> Education> Municipal Government for Students > Glossary"
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Public utilities and other services. Usually, parks are taken care of by the municipal government and occasionally sewerage, water, etc.
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is spent on municipal government services, and when the government is not funded by the provincial government, taxes need to be imposed.
404:
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In Quebec, Ontario and
Alberta the range of local government services is broadened to include electricity, telephone and gas services.
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966:, referring to an administrative division of a municipality. Only eight municipalities in Quebec are divided into boroughs. (See
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approved a
Canadian version of the Municipal Corporations Act, often referred to as the Baldwin Act in honour of its creator,
670:
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1756:. Office of the Legislative Counsel, Nova Scotia House of Assembly,Crown in right of Nova Scotia. Created . February 28, 2008
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is a type of local council authority that provides local services, facilities, safety and infrastructure for communities.
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1854:. Office of the Legislative Counsel, Nova Scotia House of Assembly,Crown in right of Nova S,Created . February 28, 2008
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769:"In each Province the Legislature may exclusively make Laws in relation to... Municipal Institutions in the Province."
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other than to say they are the responsibility of the provinces. Consequently, municipalities can be created,
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The
Canadian Encyclopedia > Government > Government, General > Municipal Government
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The Canadian Encyclopedia > Government > Government, General > Municipal Government
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was the last municipality to hold this status, relinquishing it upon becoming part of the
8:
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2019:
1114:). There are usually 10â20 councillors in one council; however, an exception to this is
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which are legally empowered to make decisions on behalf of its electors, excluding the
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Local Government in Canada: Organization & Basic Institutions | Mapleleafweb.com
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1545:, which was signed in 1215. The first formal municipality in Canada was the city of
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199:
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1838:
1812:
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886:, and their governments, city councils. Smaller governments are commonly called
465:
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was given its charter in 1185, and the granting of freedoms became endorsed in
1132:. Additional funding sources include the sale of goods and services, fines and
963:
907:
734:
570:
151:
2149:
Urban governance in Canada : representation, resources, and restructuring
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Local general government revenue and expenditures, by province and territory
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Foundations of governance : municipal government in Canada's provinces
1943:
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1118:, with over 50 councillors. The councillors may represent districts called
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911:
837:, which played host to the first municipal government in Canada in 1785 at
738:
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An example of a typical municipal government structure can be found in
96:
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The Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development (Australia)
62:
2145:
Graham, Katherine A.; Phillips, Susan D.; Masiove, Allan M. (1998).
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to the municipal governments so they could raise taxes and enact
1378:
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891:
2018:
Canada, Government of Canada, Infrastructure (26 October 2011).
1903:"Consolidated federal laws of canada, Access to Information Act"
2126:
1815:. Canadian Legal Information Institute. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
1581:
1424:
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2073:- Andrew Sancton, Professor, University of Western Ontario.
1832:
Chapter 7 : Special report: local government in Canada
887:
883:
2000:
2122:"Local Government Election Act, 2015, SS 2015, c L-30.11"
748:
The most prominent form of local government in Canada is
2085:. Example of council structure. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
1964:
Canada offers its people an array of local governments
1781:. Historica Foundation of Canada. 2009. Archived from
2477:
2144:
2153:. Toronto: Fort Worth : Harcourt Brace Canada.
1978:: The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
1655:
List of governments in Canada by annual expenditures
1612:
1088:
Typically, a municipal government is made up of one
925:, to denote suburban municipalities. The Borough of
2215:
2192:
2169:
2146:
1841:. Government of Australia. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
807:and municipal. According to Section 92(8) of the
2728:
2214:Tindal, C. Richard; Tindal, Susan Nobes (2009).
962:is generally used as the English translation of
826:Municipal governments are subdivisions of their
821:
2172:Canadian local government: an urban perspective
1495:Even-numbered districts in rural municipalities
521:Proposed annexation of Turks and Caicos Islands
2020:"Infrastructure Canada - Building Canada Fund"
1901:Branch, Legislative Services (7 August 2020).
1570:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
1478:Odd-numbered districts in rural municipalities
737:governments. This can include municipalities,
2463:
2297:
2191:Sancton, Andrew; Young, Robert, eds. (2009).
1057:. Local governments are not mentioned in the
691:
195:Provincial and territorial executive councils
2277:Local government history in British Columbia
2213:
2190:
2176:. Don Mills, Ont.: Oxford University Press.
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2036:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1155:Dates of elections by province and territory
1069:because this would infringe upon an area of
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1940:"Service Nova Scotia - Municipal Services"
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1041:Municipal government funding sources, 2005
917:The term "borough" was previously used in
910:. Some may also be directly designated as
844:
698:
684:
2247:Urban Canada: its government and politics
2055:
1942:. Province of Nova Scotia. Archived from
1920:Municipal government within New Brunswick
2199:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
1922:. Oultwood.com. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
1879:. Historica Foundation of Canada. 2009.
1818:
1036:
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1990:: MapleLeafWeb. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
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341:Courts of the Provinces and Territories
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2017:
1969:
1957:
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300:Provincial and territorial parliaments
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2083:Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo
1966:, Nick Swift. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
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1981:
1697:"The Local Government Election Act"
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16:Elected local authorities in Canada
13:
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368:Peace, order, and good government
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1660:List of municipalities in Canada
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1136:from the provincial government.
799:has three orders of government:
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2011:
1993:
1932:
1883:from the original on 2016-02-13
1498:4 years (2 years prior to 2015)
1481:4 years (2 years prior to 2015)
1460:4 years (3 years prior to 2012)
1383:4 years (3 years prior to 2006)
1211:4 years (3 years prior to 2014)
1190:4 years (3 years prior to 2013)
516:CanadaâEuropean Union relations
249:Opposition Leader in the Senate
244:Government Leader in the Senate
2244:Higgins, Donald J. H. (1977).
1894:
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713:can be defined as all elected
511:CanadaâLatin America relations
412:Provincial electoral districts
373:Charter of Rights and Freedoms
281:His Majesty's Loyal Opposition
276:Opposition Leader in the house
271:Government Leader in the house
173:President of the Privy Council
1:
2222:. Toronto: Nelson Education.
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1454:including Alberta portion of
1146:Municipal elections in Canada
990:, or by the province itself.
822:Types of municipal government
2716:United States Virgin Islands
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864:regional county municipality
561:Indigenous Peoples in Canada
534:Crown and Indigenous peoples
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1650:History of cities in Canada
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395:Federal electoral districts
162:List of Canadian ministries
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2218:Local Government in Canada
2071:Canadian municipal history
1988:Local Government in Canada
1926:December 11, 2008, at the
1852:"Municipal Government Act"
1754:"Municipal Government Act"
1555:Municipal Corporations Act
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968:List of boroughs in Quebec
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711:Local government in Canada
546:Aboriginal self-government
178:Clerk of the Privy Council
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2108:. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
1736:Alberta Municipal Affairs
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405:List of federal elections
102:Monarchy in the provinces
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2168:Sancton, Andrew (2011).
2024:www.infrastructure.gc.ca
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146:List of prime ministers
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1873:"Municipal government"
1775:"Municipal government"
1706:. 2012. Archived from
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1409:1st Monday in November
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1162:Province or Territory
1102:) and a set number of
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933:on January 1, 1998.
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2100:2009-06-26 at the
1837:2017-05-15 at the
1811:2014-08-10 at the
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2250:. Toronto: Gage.
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2206:978-1-4426-9724-9
2183:978-0-19-542756-1
2160:978-0-7747-3392-2
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1260:2nd Monday in May
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2001:"PPP Canada"
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1948:. Retrieved
1944:the original
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1885:. Retrieved
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1846:
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1783:the original
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1715:. Retrieved
1708:the original
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1448:Saskatchewan
1186:Lloydminster
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589:Conservatism
466:MĂ©lanie Joly
429:
358:Constitution
2676:Puerto Rico
2586:Saint Lucia
2536:El Salvador
2386:Territories
2357:Nova Scotia
1543:Magna Carta
1337:Nova Scotia
1165:Occurrence
1105:councillors
1063:amalgamated
958:, the term
871:Nova Scotia
791:In Canada,
503:Visa policy
215:Legislative
81:Charles III
2671:Montserrat
2666:Martinique
2661:Guadeloupe
2516:Costa Rica
2238:Historical
1950:2011-09-29
1887:2009-08-22
1858:2009-08-22
1789:2009-08-22
1760:2009-08-22
1717:2013-07-23
1683:References
1547:Saint John
1539:Winchester
1184:Excluding
839:Saint John
805:provincial
604:Liberalism
599:Federalism
97:Mary Simon
46:Government
2656:Greenland
2571:Nicaragua
2546:Guatemala
2325:Provinces
1266:(special)
1140:Elections
1007:services.
927:East York
904:townships
480:in Canada
388:Elections
129:Executive
63:The Crown
51:structure
2731:Category
2621:Anguilla
2556:Honduras
2526:Dominica
2501:Barbados
2422:Category
2342:Manitoba
2098:Archived
2032:cite web
1924:Archived
1881:Archived
1835:Archived
1809:Archived
1738:. 2012.
1609:See also
1230:Manitoba
1116:Montreal
1111:alderman
896:parishes
892:villages
828:province
779:â
493:Passport
462:Minister
313:Judicial
200:Premiers
2651:Curaçao
2636:Bonaire
2631:Bermuda
2561:Jamaica
2541:Grenada
2496:Bahamas
2398:Nunavut
2362:Ontario
2332:Alberta
1582:by-laws
1533:History
1517:3 years
1429:4 years
1406:4 years
1379:Ontario
1364:4 years
1360:Nunavut
1341:4 years
1322:2 years
1319:Hamlets
1305:3 years
1281:4 years
1257:4 years
1234:4 years
1180:Alberta
1079:by-laws
1047:charter
960:borough
923:Ontario
908:hamlets
801:federal
757:federal
624:Regions
157:Cabinet
70:Monarch
2576:Panama
2566:Mexico
2511:Canada
2506:Belize
2372:Quebec
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2180:
2157:
2127:CanLII
1425:Quebec
1100:warden
1014:zones.
956:Quebec
938:Quebec
884:cities
852:county
797:Canada
725:, and
234:Senate
2626:Aruba
2551:Haiti
2403:Yukon
1711:(PDF)
1700:(PDF)
1576:. It
1526:2024
1513:Yukon
1507:2026
1490:2024
1373:2023
1331:2024
1314:2024
1292:2025
1201:2025
1168:Date
1128:from
1121:wards
1096:reeve
1091:mayor
943:ville
888:towns
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