4083:
sub-district hospitals, which is now managed by the block panchayats, and the taluk headquarters hospitals, which are now the responsibility of the respective urban local bodies. Similarly, community health centers are now overseen by the block panchayats or urban local bodies, while primary health centers are managed by the respective gram panchayats and urban local bodies. Additionally, agricultural offices, veterinary hospitals, anganwadis, fisheries offices, and other relevant institutions have also been transferred to the respective local governments. In the education sector, the district panchayats have taken charge of all government higher secondary schools and high schools within their jurisdiction, while the respective gram panchayats are responsible for the management of government primary schools. In urban areas, all government schools, including higher secondary, high schools, primary schools, technical, and vocational schools, have been transferred to the respective urban local bodies for governance and administration. The local self-government institutions are responsible for managing local affairs, including infrastructure development, public health, sanitation, and urban planning, minor irrigations, fisheries, social forestry, small scale industries, social welfare, electricity, sports and cultural affairs, poverty alleviation, housing etc.
4079:
making decisions. This promotes democratic participation and encourages people to get involved. In 1992, a significant step was taken towards decentralization. The rural local government is commonly referred to as "panchayati raj institutions (PRIs)." This local government structure extends up to the district level. The urban local government is commonly referred as "urban local bodies" (ULBs). Municipal corporations, municipal councils, and nagar panchayats are examples of urban local bodies responsible for managing local affairs, such as infrastructure development, public health, and sanitation.
2935:
level
Panchayat Raj institutions are known by different names in different states. For instance, in some states, they are called block panchayats, while in others, they are referred to as panchayat samitis, panchayat unions and mandal parishads. The specific names may vary from state to state, but the purpose remains the same – to oversee the development and welfare activities at the block or tehsil level. The district level Panchayat Raj institutions are known by different names in different states, such as zilla panchayat, zilla parishad, district council and district panchayat.
2223:, who introduced the 64th Constitutional Amendment Bill in 1989. The 64th Amendment Bill was prepared and introduced in the lower house of Parliament. But it got defeated in the Rajya Sabha as non-convincing. He lost the general elections too. In 1989, the National Front introduced the 74th Constitutional Amendment Bill, which could not become an Act because of the dissolution of the Ninth Lok Sabha. All these various suggestions and recommendations and means of strengthening PRIs were considered while formulating the new Constitutional Amendment Act.
5174:
5184:
56:
1869:
2832:, are left to the discretion of the state government. Local bodies have to be bestowed with adequate powers, authority and responsibility to perform the functions entrusted to them by the Act. However, the Act has not provided them with any powers directly and has instead left it to state government discretion. These are all functions of MCs
2288:'s government. Part-IX of Indian Constitution is related to Local Government, under which Panchayat Raj was defined, then after 74th Amendment Municipal Corporation and council were included and defined by inducing Part IX-A, and in 2011, Cooperative Societies were included in Local Government by inducing Part IX-B in the Constitution.
2121:. There are various reasons for such an outcome which include political and bureaucratic resistance at the state level to share power and resources with local-level institutions, the domination of local elites over the major share of the benefits of welfare schemes, lack of capability at the local level and lack of political will.
2956:
and functions vested in PRIs vary from state to state. These provisions combine representative and direct democracy into a synergy and are expected to result in an extension and deepening of democracy in India. Hence, panchayats have journeyed from an institution within the culture of India to attain constitutional status.
2809:
municipal acts. Almost 70 different municipal acts in India govern the cities in the country. Typically, the municipal acts are of three types - statewide general municipalities acts, separate acts for establishing municipal corporations, and acts that are specific to individual municipal corporations.
4109:
Along with functions and powers, financial resources were also transferred to local governments. This involved providing them with a share of tax revenues, grants, and funds from higher levels of government. The idea was to provide local governments with the necessary financial resources to carry out
1998:
does not define what exactly would constitute larger or smaller urban area or an area of transition from rural to urban. It has been left to the state governments to fix their own criteria. The
Article also states that apart from population, other parameters such as density of population, percentage
2955:
visualises panchayats as institutions of local governance. However, giving due consideration to the federal structure of India's polity, most of the financial powers and authorities to be endowed on panchayats have been left at the discretion of concerned state legislatures. Consequently, the powers
2914:
and in part by the work of various committees to harmonize the highly centralized Indian governmental administration with a degree of local autonomy. The result was intended to create greater participation in local government by people and more effective implementation of rural development programs.
2824:
The discretionary functions of MC include the laying out of areas, securing or removal of dangerous buildings or places, construction and maintenance of public parks, gardens, libraries, museums, rest houses, leper homes, orphanages and rescue homes for women, public buildings, planting of trees and
2082:
that the basic unit of democratic decentralisation was at the block/samiti level since the area of jurisdiction of the local body should neither be too large nor too small. The block was large enough for efficiency and economy of administration, and small enough for sustaining a sense of involvement
2022:
Panchayats cover about 96% of India's more than 5.8 lakh (580,000) villages and nearly 99.6% of the rural population. As of 2020, there were about 3 million elected representatives at all levels of the panchayat, nearly 1.3 million are women. These members represent more than 2.4 lakh
4100:
Decentralization involved granting administrative authority to local governments. This meant that local governments gained the power to manage and oversee various administrative functions within their jurisdiction. They could hire and manage local staff, execute development projects, and ensure the
4078:
When power is taken away from
Central and State governments and given to local government, it is called decentralisation. The main concept of decentralization is that many problems and matters are better solved at the local level. Additionally, at the local level, people can directly participate in
2934:
varies across different states. At the village level, Panchayat Raj institutions are commonly referred to as gram panchayats in most states. These gram panchayats or village panchayats are responsible for the administration and governance of rural areas at the grassroots level. The block or tehsil
2239:
The idea which produced the 73rd
Amendment was not a response to pressure from the grassroots, but to an increasing recognition that the institutional initiatives of the preceding decade had not delivered, that the extent of rural poverty was still much too large and thus the existing structure of
4118:
To facilitate decentralization, an institutional framework was established. The 73rd and 74th
Constitutional Amendments in 1992 provided a constitutional status to rural and urban local bodies, respectively. These amendments mandated the establishment of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) at the
4082:
The local governments have been entrusted with the governance of various government institutions that were previously under the control of the state government. These transfers include the government district hospitals, which now falls under the authority of the district panchayats, the taluk or
2203:
A committee led by Laxmi Mall
Singhvi was constituted in the 1980s to recommend ways to revitalize PRIs. The Gram Sabha was considered as the base of a municipality decentralised, and PRIs viewed as institutions of governance which would actually facilitate the participation of the people in the
2820:
The mandatory functions of MC include the supply of pure and wholesome water, construction and maintenance of public streets, lighting and watering of public streets, cleaning of public streets, places and sewers, regulation of offensive, dangerous or obnoxious trades and callings or practices,
2074:
Projects and the
National Extension Service and assessed the extent to which the movement had succeeded in utilising local initiatives and in creating institutions to ensure continuity in the process of improving economic and social conditions in rural areas. The Committee held that community
2808:
Municipal Acts are state level legislations to establish municipal governments in urban areas. These acts provide a framework of governance for cities within the state. Various processes including rules for elections, recruitment of staff, and demarcation of urban areas derive from the state
1934:
and local. The 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments give recognition and protection to local governments and in addition each state has its own local government legislation. Since 1992, local government in India takes place in two very distinct forms. Urban localities, covered in the 74th
2821:
maintenance or support of public hospitals, establishment and maintenance of primary schools, registration of births and deaths, removing obstructions and projections in public streets, bridges and other places, naming streets and numbering houses, maintenance of law and public order, etc.
4091:
Certain functions and powers that were previously under the exclusive jurisdiction of the central government or state governments were transferred to local governments. These functions can include areas like education, healthcare, rural development, infrastructure, and social welfare. By
4609:
2268:
To supervise, direct and control the regular and smooth elections to panchayats, a State
Election Commission Act has ensured constitution of a State Finance Commission in every State/UT, for every five years, to suggest measures to strengthen finances of panchayati raj
2124:
It was decided to appoint a high-level committee under the chairmanship of Ashok Mehta to examine and suggest measures to strengthen PRIs. The
Committee had to evolve an effective decentralised system of development for PRIs. They made the following recommendations:
2252:
The Gram Sabha or village assembly as a deliberative body to decentralised governance has been envisaged as the foundation of the
Panchayati Raj System.73rd Amendment of the Constitution empowered the Gram Sabhas to conduct social audits in addition to its other
1926:. Local self-government means that residents in towns, villages and rural settlements are the people who elect local councils and their heads authorising them to solve the important issues. India is a federal republic with three spheres of government:
2825:
maintenance of roads, housing for low income groups, conducting surveys, organizing public receptions, public exhibitions, public entertainment, provision of transport facilities with the municipality, and promotion of welfare of municipal employees.
4487:
2716:
The local governance entities are broadly classified into urban and rural, which are further sub-divided based on the size of population in case of the urban bodies and based on the size of population and hierarchy in case of the rural bodies.
2174:
to once again look at various aspects of PRIs. The Committee was of the opinion that a total view of rural development must be taken in which PRIs must play a central role in handling people's problems. It recommended the following:-
4258:
Government of India, Report of the Team for the Study of Community Projects and National Extension Service, (Chairperson: Balvantray Mehta), Committee on Plan Projects, National Development Council, (New Delhi, November 1957), Vol.
2297:
2. It also inserted Article 43B in part IV of the Constitution as "The State shall endeavor to promote Voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional Management of the Co-operative Societies" and
5139:
4488:"Proceedings of the National Webinar on Localization of Sustainable Development Goals and Role of Panchayats – SDG No. 2 – Zero Hunger on 23rd August 2021 as part of AZADI KA AMRIT MAHOTSAV | Ministry of Panchayati Raj | India"
2247:
government, came into force on April 24, 1993. It was meant to provide constitutional sanction to establish "democracy at the grassroots level as it is at the state level or national level". Its main features are as follows:
2157:
The states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal passed new legislation based on this report. However, the flux in politics at the state level did not allow these institutions to develop their own political dynamics.
4440:
5149:
1656:
3859:
2275:
An indicative list of 29 items has been given in Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution. Panchayats are expected to play an effective role in planning and implementation of works related to these 29 items.
5108:
2240:
government needed to be reformed. This idea evolved from the Centre and the state governments. It was a political drive to see PRIs as a solution to the governmental crises that India was experiencing.
2943:
Defined in the Part IX of the Indian Constitution, these are responsible for the 29 subjects listed in the Eleventh Schedule including the "economic development, and strengthening social justice."
3910:
2817:
All municipal acts in India provide for functions, powers and responsibilities to be carried out by the municipal government. These are divided into two categories: obligatory and discretionary.
86:
5144:
2829:
5103:
4561:
5113:
3944:
3022:
2219:
constitutional status was opposed by the Sarkaria Commission, but the idea, however, gained momentum in the late 1980s especially because of the endorsement by the late Prime Minister
5058:
5023:
4978:
3224:
4943:
4838:
1935:
amendment to the Constitution, have Municipality but derive their powers from the individual state governments, while the powers of rural localities have been formalized under the
4958:
4938:
4888:
3357:
2992:
5154:
5028:
4908:
4110:
their responsibilities effectively. Financial decentralization aimed to reduce dependency on higher levels of government and promote local decision-making in financial matters.
3915:
3563:
5098:
4983:
3110:
1999:
of population in non-agricultural employment, annual revenue generation etc., may be taken into account by the states. PRIs in rural areas have 3 hierarchies of panchayats,
1369:
2075:
development would only be deep and enduring when the community was involved in the planning, decision-making and implementation process. The suggestions were for as follows:
2039:
at district level. Following the 2013 local election, 37.1% of councillors were women, and in 2015/16 local government expenditure was 16.3% of total government expenditure.
4988:
4968:
4853:
4843:
4436:
4004:
3829:
3391:
5118:
4953:
4883:
4868:
4050:
3882:
1791:
1431:
1426:
5159:
5038:
5013:
4341:
T M Thomas Issac with Richard Franke : Local democracy and development – Peoples Campaign for decentralized planning in Kerala, New Delhi, Leftword Books, 2000 P 19
3696:
3456:
3258:
4998:
4963:
4913:
3512:
2256:
A uniform three-tier structure of panchayats at village (Gram Panchayat — GP), intermediate or block (Panchayat Samiti — PS) and district (Zilla Parishad — ZP) levels.
3730:
3480:
3425:
3193:
3165:
3631:
3529:
2906:
The panchayati raj system is a three-tier system with elected bodies at the village, taluk and district levels. The modern system is based in part on traditional
4025:
3080:
3050:
3140:
4525:
4416:
606:
4641:
4092:
decentralizing these functions, local governments gained the authority to make decisions and implement policies that are more responsive to local needs.
1835:
1607:
1603:
1070:
4198:
4101:
efficient delivery of public services. This devolution of administrative authority aimed to enhance local governments' capacity to govern effectively.
1321:
651:
4209:
2129:
the district is a viable administrative unit for which planning, coordination, and resource allocation are feasible and technical expertise available,
4614:
4122:
The establishment of PRIs and ULBs provided a framework for decentralized governance and promoted democratic participation at the grassroots level.
2828:
Some of the functions of the urban bodies overlap with the work of state agencies. The functions of the municipality, including those listed in the
1711:
1024:
4604:
1754:
4550:
1855:
1850:
1283:
2265:
Reservation for weaker castes and tribes (SCs and STs) have to be provided at all levels in proportion to their population in the panchayats.
1393:
1388:
2182:
PRIs at district level and below should be assigned the work of planning, implementation and monitoring of rural development programmes, and
5063:
2167:
1291:
3764:
1906:
225:
4277:
Anirban Kashyap: Panchaytiraj, Views of founding fathers and recommendation of different committees, New Delhi, Lancer Books, 1989 P 112
4268:
Anirban Kashyap: Panchaytiraj, Views of founding fathers and recommendation of different committees, New Delhi, Lancer Books, 1989 P 109
1036:
2262:
Not less than one-third of the total seats for membership as well as office of chairpersons of each tier have to be reserved for women.
887:
365:
4589:
1443:
1041:
755:
478:
469:
2208:
local government should be constitutionally recognised, protected and preserved by the inclusion of new chapter in the Constitution,
4233:"Take Five: "Elected Women Representatives are key agents for transformational economic, environmental and social change in India""
1250:
2272:
To promote bottom-up-planning, the District Planning Committee (DPC) in every district has been accorded to constitutional status.
5088:
4634:
3597:
2058:
Various committees were formed to study the issues and make recommendations for the implementation of local governance in India.
1819:
918:
431:
1381:
905:
900:
895:
76:
1879:
4898:
4471:
2380:
1923:
1635:
1421:
1066:
860:
741:
646:
611:
392:
325:
259:
2845:
4815:
2874:
The following 3 hierarchies of PRI panchayats exist in states or Union Territories with more than two million inhabitants:
1970:) in rural areas. There are 3 types of municipalities based on the population (the criteria differes from state to state),
1598:
1594:
1539:
1530:
792:
453:
230:
213:
2799:
depending on the state within which they lie, these are in the town with more than 10,000 and less than 25,000 population.
2092:
its functions should cover the development of agriculture in all its aspects, the promotion of local industries and others
5213:
5008:
4332:(Seventy Third Amendment) Act, 1992, The Gazette of India, Ministry of Law, Justice and Company Affairs, New Delhi, 1993.
1772:
1767:
1643:
1416:
1316:
1260:
681:
2301:
3. After Part IX-A of the Constitution Part IX-B was inserted. Part IX-B extended from Article 243ZH to Article 243ZT.
5208:
4627:
4514:
Problems and Challenges in the Working of Panchayat Raj Institutions in India. A Case Study of Gulbarga Zilla Panchayat
1796:
1744:
1706:
1400:
1031:
553:
347:
2231:
Following laws and subsequent amendments were passed to implement the selected recommendations of various committees.
4131:
2711:
2259:
All the seats in a panchayat at every level are to be filled by elections from respective territorial constituencies.
1943:
1809:
1716:
1056:
973:
878:
873:
868:
830:
760:
409:
2079:
an early establishment of elected local bodies and devolution to them of necessary resources, power, and authority,
1357:
914:
668:
629:
187:
165:
4948:
4671:
4232:
2748:
1971:
1899:
1726:
589:
567:
303:
286:
5068:
5043:
4858:
4848:
4699:
4676:
2666:
1470:
809:
4119:
village, block, and district levels, and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) at the municipal and city and town levels.
5033:
4694:
4686:
4141:
2726:
2660:
2592:
2310:
2284:
Cooperative Societies are taken under "Local Government" after 97th Constitutional Amendment act 2011, under
1845:
1749:
1620:
1462:
1306:
946:
24:
4510:"IV. Structure and Organisational Aspects of Panchayati Raj Institutions in Karnataka and Gulbarga District"
2294:
1. It amended article 19(1)c by inserting after the word 'or unions' the words 'or Co-operative Societies'.
5048:
5003:
4973:
4873:
1721:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1275:
1019:
937:
932:
927:
783:
5073:
4782:
3795:
2915:
Although, as of 2015, implementation in all of India is not complete, the intention is for there to be a
2885:
2171:
2032:
2008:
1475:
1438:
1364:
1311:
1240:
800:
690:
558:
143:
4178:
5053:
5018:
4933:
4923:
4863:
4666:
3662:
3329:
2899:
2179:
PRIs have to be activated and provided with all the required support to become effective organisations,
2012:
1931:
1892:
1814:
1734:
1520:
1344:
1301:
1296:
964:
959:
954:
851:
724:
707:
218:
197:
4319:
Mahoj Rai et al. :The state of Panchayats – A participatory perspective, New Delhi, Smscriti, 2001 P 9
5078:
4993:
4928:
4893:
4878:
4706:
3295:
2048:
1979:
1651:
1578:
1556:
1408:
846:
636:
598:
495:
4918:
4830:
4808:
4740:
2336:
2036:
2028:
2004:
1840:
1502:
624:
443:
337:
269:
98:
81:
4351:
4220:
2736:
The following 3 types of democratically elected urban local governance bodies in India are called
2154:
that much of the developmental functions at the district level would be played by the panchayats.
4732:
4585:
2863:
2855:
2841:
2737:
2679:
2560:
2530:
2446:
2387:
2314:
2114:
2089:
the body must be constituted for five years by indirect elections from the village panchayats,
1961:
1949:
1827:
1671:
1232:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
750:
548:
400:
375:
175:
153:
20:
2117:
structure did not develop the requisite democratic momentum and failed to cater to the needs of
4464:
Panchayati Raj and Village Development: Volume 3, Perspectives on Panchayati Raj Administration
2086:
such body must not be constrained by too much control by the government or government agencies,
1615:
1376:
585:
576:
421:
315:
4402:
2952:
2108:
2071:
1995:
93:
67:
2132:
PRIs as a two-tier system, with Mandal Panchayat at the base and Zilla Parishad at the top,
1781:
1630:
822:
641:
619:
8:
5128:
4801:
4376:
2342:
2244:
1927:
1686:
1564:
1334:
540:
461:
417:
245:
121:
2291:
The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011 provided for amendment in following things:
2185:
the block development office should be the spinal cord of the rural development process.
4310:
World Bank: Overview of ruraldecentralisation in indi Volume III World Bank, 2000 P 21
2895:
2520:
2141:
representation of SCs and STs in the election to PRIs on the basis of their population,
1777:
1586:
1569:
1497:
838:
673:
521:
439:
131:
108:
5183:
4467:
4155:
Individuals, institutions, processes: How one may strengthen the other in India today
2550:
2135:
the PRIs are capable of planning for themselves with the resources available to them,
2118:
2067:
1093:
773:
698:
503:
103:
44:
2744:. These are classified based on the size of the population of the urban settlement.
4745:
4517:
2016:
1804:
1739:
1352:
1128:
715:
383:
161:
4403:"Local government in India still carries characteristics of its colonial heritage"
4722:
4466:. Studies in public administration. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. pp. 84–90.
4287:
2924:
2776:
2673:
2539:
2024:
1987:
1786:
1762:
1625:
663:
4757:
4136:
2931:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2878:
2686:
2285:
2000:
1507:
1489:
1480:
1148:
1088:
139:
5202:
5177:
4750:
2884:
Panchayat Samiti or Mandal Parishad or Block Panchayat or Taluk Panchayat at
1547:
1213:
1183:
1080:
817:
311:
183:
4619:
4615:
Decentralisation in India : Challenges and opportunities, UNDP,2000 p 4
4558:
Website "India Environment Portal" by the Centre for Science and Environment
2851:
4793:
4329:
2762:
2220:
1873:
1108:
732:
531:
486:
333:
4586:
THEORY OF DEMOCRATIC DECENTRALISATION AND LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENTS IN INDIA
5187:
1270:
1223:
1218:
1153:
361:
205:
4521:
2216:
1676:
1245:
1198:
658:
508:
2859:
2773:, of cities with more than 25,000 and less than 1 million population.
1203:
1188:
1163:
1138:
1133:
255:
4509:
4352:"National Council Of Educational Research And Training :: Home"
1946:, the democratically elected Local governance bodies are called the
4762:
4237:
2098:
the higher-level body, Zilla Parishad, would play an advisory role.
1173:
277:
4605:
Milestones in the Evolution of Local Government since Independence
4431:
4429:
4427:
55:
1208:
1168:
1158:
1123:
1118:
4462:
Singh, Vijandra (2003). "Chapter 5: Panchayati Raj and Gandhi".
2319:
The diagram below outlines the three tiers of government :
2138:
district planning should take care of the urban-rural continuum,
1986:) with more than 25,000 and less than 1 million population, and
4424:
2920:
2889:
2243:
The Constitutional (73rd Amendment) Act, passed in 1992 by the
2234:
1265:
1193:
1178:
1143:
2195:
this is GVK Rao Committee main topics which they focused on.
1994:) with more than 10,000 and less than 25,000 population. The
1666:
1255:
1103:
1098:
2211:
non-involvement of political parties in Panchayat elections.
4551:"Record of Proceedings. Writ Petition (Civil) No. 671/2015"
2279:
1661:
2850:
The democratically elected local governance bodies in the
2150:
any financial devolution should be committed to accepting
2095:
services such as drinking water, road building, etc., and
2061:
1681:
1113:
16:
Governmental jurisdictions below the level of the state
1939:
system, under the 73rd amendment to the Constitution.
4199:
The Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act, 1992
2705:
2204:
process of planning and development. It recommended:
2053:
4610:
World Bank : Overview of rural decentralization
4507:
4210:
The Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992
1922:
is governmental jurisdiction below the level of the
2188:
district development commissioner to be introduced.
2946:
2869:
4437:"Basic Statistics of Panchayati Raj Institutions"
2198:
5200:
2835:
2759:, of cities with more than 1 million population.
2720:
2147:participation of political parties in elections,
4461:
2102:
2161:
4809:
4649:
4635:
1900:
4823:
4095:
2235:The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (1992)
87:Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and
4560:. Supreme Court of India. 2015. p. 3.
4113:
2027:, about over 6,672 were intermediate level
1604:Ambassadors and High Commissioners of India
4816:
4802:
4642:
4628:
3981:1.District Planning and Development Board
3949:1.District Planning and Development Board
1907:
1893:
4590:Indian Institute of Public Administration
2919:for each village or group of villages, a
756:National Judicial Appointments Commission
4516:(PhD). Gulbarga University. p. 93.
4086:
2280:97th Constitutional Amendment Act (2011)
1251:Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
4104:
1978:) with more than 1 million population,
36:This article is part of a series on the
5201:
4179:"The Local Government System in India"
2304:
2062:The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957)
1792:State Visits by Indian Prime Ministers
4797:
4623:
4400:
4280:
2964:
2961:
2697:
2691:
2684:
2671:
2658:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2565:
2548:
2546:
2537:
2535:
2518:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2414:
2396:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2324:
1284:Proposed states and union territories
4567:from the original on 28 October 2020
4531:from the original on 13 October 2017
4439:. Ministry of Panchayati Raj. 2019.
4418:Panchayati Raj Institutions in India
4377:"Nagrika - What is a Municipal Act?"
4173:
4171:
3407:5. Municipal Corporation grade B
2938:
2866:(Council of five officials) system.
2830:Twelfth Schedule to the Constitution
4344:
4292:. Pratiyogita Darpan. December 2009
4186:Commonwealth Local Government Forum
4073:
2812:
13:
4443:from the original on 24 April 2020
4147:
2706:Types of local governance entities
2226:
2191:election should conduct regularly.
2054:Committees for the study of issues
554:Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita
54:
14:
5225:
4598:
4168:
4132:Administrative divisions of India
3405:4. Municipal Corporation grade A
2803:
2731:
2712:Administrative divisions of India
1365:Lieutenant Governor/Administrator
761:National Legal Services Authority
470:Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
5182:
5173:
5172:
1867:
4579:
4543:
4501:
4480:
4455:
4409:
4394:
4369:
4335:
4322:
4313:
4304:
2947:Local bodies by states of India
2870:3 hierarchies of PRI panchayats
5140:British Indian Ocean Territory
4271:
4262:
4252:
4225:
4214:
4203:
4192:
2930:In India, the nomenclature of
2858:(PRIs) which are based on the
2667:Municipal Corporation of Delhi
2199:L. M. Singhvi Committee (1986)
1:
4508:Renukadevi Nagshetty (2015).
4401:Fahim, Mayraj (24 May 2009).
4161:
4142:Municipal governance in India
2836:Rural local governance bodies
2727:Municipal governance in India
2721:Urban local governance bodies
2311:Municipal governance in India
1944:Administrative setup of India
1846:Pan-African e-Network project
25:Municipal governance in India
3983:2.Block Development Council
3951:2.Block Development Council
2103:Ashok Mehta Committee (1977)
2066:In 1957, a committee led by
1531:Ministry of External Affairs
1067:States and union territories
742:Additional Solicitor General
7:
4783:National Panchayati Raj Day
4157:. New Delhi, India: Viking.
4125:
2910:, in part on the vision of
2886:Community Development Block
2856:Panchayati Raj Institutions
2447:Panchayati Raj Institutions
2170:Committee was appointed by
2162:G.V.K. Rao Committee (1985)
1312:Community Development Block
888:Vice Presidential elections
793:Chief Election Commissioner
682:Ministry of Law and Justice
559:Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam
89:Fundamental Duties of India
10:
5230:
5214:Political history of India
3678:City Municipal Corporation
2932:Panchayat Raj institutions
2854:of rural India are called
2839:
2724:
2709:
2308:
2106:
2046:
2042:
18:
5209:Local government in India
5168:
5127:
5087:
4829:
4773:
4746:Block Development Council
4731:
4715:
4685:
4657:
4651:Local government in India
4405:. City Mayors Foundation.
4096:Administrative authority;
3343:4. Municipal Corporation
3314:6.Town Municipal Council
3311:5.City Municipal Council
2999:2. Mandal Praja Parishad
2977:
2974:
2969:
2962:State or Union Territory
2797:"Notified Area Committee"
2652:
2650:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2359:
2357:
2215:The suggestion of giving
2049:Monarchy in ancient India
1962:Panchayati Raj Institutes
1958:) in urban areas and the
1920:Local government in India
831:State Election Commission
599:Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud
4889:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4824:Local government in Asia
4114:Institutional framework;
3848:6.Notified Area Council
3843:4.Municipal Corporation
3780:5.Nagar Palika Parishad
3703:2.Mandal Praja Parishad
3701:1. Zilla Praja Parishad
3309:4.Municipal Corporation
3207:4.Municipal Corporation
3179:4.Municipal Corporation
3151:4.Municipal Corporation
3129:6.Notified Area Council
3124:4.Municipal Corporation
3094:4.Municipal Corporation
3064:4.Municipal Corporation
3036:4.Municipal Corporation
3006:4.Municipal Corporation
2997:1. Zilla Praja Parishad
2035:level and more than 500
1058:Administrative divisions
974:State Assembly elections
432:Leader of the Opposition
326:Leader of the Opposition
82:Basic structure doctrine
5150:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3283:Notified Area Committee
2927:at the district level.
2898:/District Panchayat at
2846:Governance in Vedic era
2842:Panchayati raj in India
2793:"Notified Area Council"
2771:"Nagar Palika Parishad"
2740:and abbreviated as the
2680:Darjeeling Municipality
2561:Binodpur Gram Panchayat
2531:Raigad District Council
2388:Government of Rajasthan
2315:Panchayati raj in India
2144:four-year term of PRIs,
669:Pendency of court cases
568:Code of Civil Procedure
549:Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita
401:Harivansh Narayan Singh
176:Prime Minister of India
154:Vice President of India
21:Panchayati raj in India
4700:Municipal Commissioner
4153:Shourie, Arun (1990).
3911:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
3667:1. District Panchayat
3373:Municipal Corporations
3334:1. District Panchayat
3300:1. District Panchayat
3209:5.Municipal Committee
3170:1. District Panchayat
1595:Diplomatic missions of
861:Presidential elections
775:Elections and Politics
577:Supreme Court of India
59:
4695:Municipal Corporation
4087:Functions and Powers;
4055:1. Commune Panchayat
4035:Municipal Corporation
3960:Municipal Corporation
3929:Municipal Corporation
3898:Municipal Corporation
3814:Nagar Palika Parishad
3746:Municipal Corporation
3712:Municipal Corporation
3672:3. Village Panchayat
3644:Municipal Corporation
3579:Municipal Corporation
3551:Notified Area Council
3545:Municipal Corporation
3497:Municipal Corporation
3410:6. Municipal Council
3274:Municipal Corporation
3240:Municipal Corporation
3212:6.Municipal Council
2953:Constitution of India
2923:level council, and a
2749:Municipal Corporation
2661:Municipal Corporation
2109:Ashok Mehta Committee
2072:Community Development
1972:Municipal Corporation
1797:State Visits to India
1471:Municipal Corporation
1389:Deputy Chief Minister
947:Rajya Sabha elections
810:Election Commissioner
58:
5064:United Arab Emirates
4105:Financial resources;
4057:2.Village Panchayat
3889:2.Panchayat Samiti
3866:2.Panchayat Samiti
3836:2.Panchayat Samiti
3802:2.Kshetra Panchayat
3771:2.Kshetra Panchayat
3669:2. Panchayat Union
3570:2.Panchayat Samiti
3536:2.Panchayat Samiti
3444:Small Town Committee
3401:3.Village Panchayat
3265:2.Panchayat Samiti
3231:2.Panchayat Samiti
3200:2.Panchayat Samiti
3147:2.Village Panchayat
3087:2.Panchayat Samiti
2908:Panchayat governance
1954:(abbreviated as the
1815:Sino-Indian Disputes
1778:Foreign aid by India
1773:Extradition Treaties
1707:Non-Aligned Movement
1621:Overseas Citizenship
1463:Municipal Governance
1422:Legislative Assembly
1322:Urban Agglomerations
1292:Autonomous Divisions
1016:National coalitions
823:Sukhbir Singh Sandhu
5091:limited recognition
4009:1. Zilla Panchayat
3986:3.Halque Panchayat
3966:Municipal Committee
3954:3.Halque Panchayat
3921:1. Zilla Panchayat
3860:Andaman and Nicobar
3800:1. Zilla Panchayat
3783:6.Nagar Panchayat
3396:1. Zilla Panchayat
3364:2.Janpad Panchayat
3362:1. Zilla Panchayat
3336:2. Block Panchayat
3172:2.Taluka Panchayat
3117:2.Janpad Panchayat
3057:2.Anchalik Samiti
2777:Municipal Committee
2343:Government of India
2305:Tiers of Government
2172:Planning Commission
1988:Municipal Committee
1966:(simply called the
1820:Disputes with Nepal
1810:Indo-Pakistani Wars
1565:Kirti Vardhan Singh
1439:Official Opposition
1417:Legislative Council
1241:Andaman and Nicobar
915:Lok Sabha elections
784:Election Commission
541:Indian criminal law
462:Pramod Chandra Mody
418:Jagat Prakash Nadda
410:Leader of the House
304:Leader of the House
4289:Pratiyogita Darpan
3887:1. Zilla Parishad
3864:1. Zilla Parishad
3834:1. Zilla Parishad
3805:3.Gram Panchayat
3774:3.Gram Panchayat
3769:1. Zilla Parishad
3740:3.Gram Panchayat
3737:2.Block Panchayat
3735:1. Zilla Parishad
3638:2.Gram Panchayat
3636:1. Zilla Parishad
3607:3.Gram Panchayat
3604:2.Block Panchayat
3602:1. Zilla Parishad
3568:1. Zilla Parishad
3534:1. Zilla Parishad
3430:1. Zilla Parishad
3413:7. Nagar panchayat
3398:2.Block Panchayat
3339:3. Gram Panchayat
3302:2.Taluk Panchayat
3263:1. Zilla Parishad
3229:1. Zilla Parishad
3198:1. Zilla Parishad
3145:1. Zilla Parishad
3115:1. Zilla Parishad
3085:1. Zilla Parishad
3055:1. Zilla Parishad
3027:1. Zilla Parishad
3011:6.Nagar Panchayat
2892:or Taluk level and
2862:native democratic
2779:, also called the
2765:, also called the
2763:Municipal Councils
2757:"City Corporation"
2751:, also called the
2593:Urban Local Bodies
2544:(Panchayat Samiti)
2521:District Panchayat
2286:Dr. Manmohan Singh
2003:at village level,
1980:Municipal Councils
1587:Vinay Mohan Kwatra
1570:Pabitra Margherita
1498:District Panchayat
1317:Metropolitan Areas
440:Mallikarjun Kharge
132:President of India
109:Uniform Civil Code
60:
5196:
5195:
5133:other territories
4791:
4790:
4707:Municipal Council
4473:978-81-7625-392-5
4071:
4070:
4038:Municipal Council
4011:2.Gram Panchayat
3963:Municipal Council
3945:Jammu and Kashmir
3932:Municipal Council
3923:2.Gram Panchayat
3892:3.Gram Panchayat
3869:3.Gram Panchayat
3839:3.Gram Panchayat
3749:Municipal Council
3706:3.Gram Panchayat
3647:Municipal Council
3582:Municipal Council
3573:3.Gram Panchayat
3539:3.Gram Panchayat
3500:Municipal Council
3438:Municipal Council
3432:2.Gram Panchayat
3367:3.Gram Panchayat
3317:7.Town panchayat
3305:3.Gram Panchayat
3268:3.Gram Panchayat
3243:Municipal Council
3234:3.Gram Panchayat
3203:3.Gram Panchayat
3175:3.Gram Panchayat
3120:3.Gram Panchayat
3099:6.Town Panchayat
3090:3.Gram Panchayat
3069:6.Town Panchayat
3060:3.Gaon Panchayat
3032:3.Gram Panchayat
3029:2.Anchal Samiti
3023:Arunachal Pradesh
3002:3.Gram Panchayat
2939:Functions of PRIs
2785:"Nagar Panchayat"
2703:
2702:
2571:
2570:
2551:Village Panchayat
2119:rural development
2068:Balwant Rai Mehta
2029:panchayat samitis
1917:
1916:
1644:Foreign Relations
1636:Visa requirements
1579:Foreign Secretary
1557:Minister of State
1522:Foreign Relations
1261:Jammu and Kashmir
1233:Union territories
1094:Arunachal Pradesh
1032:Political parties
852:Electronic voting
847:Electoral College
725:Solicitor General
699:Arjun Ram Meghwal
523:Law and Judiciary
504:Arjun Ram Meghwal
496:Minister of State
454:Secretary General
355:Utpal Kumar Singh
348:Secretary General
198:Cabinet secretary
49:
46:Politics of India
5221:
5186:
5176:
5175:
5145:Christmas Island
4831:Sovereign states
4818:
4811:
4804:
4795:
4794:
4741:District Council
4644:
4637:
4630:
4621:
4620:
4592:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4566:
4555:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4530:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4433:
4422:
4421:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4356:www.ncert.nic.in
4348:
4342:
4339:
4333:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4269:
4266:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4229:
4223:
4218:
4212:
4207:
4201:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4183:
4175:
4074:Decentralisation
3487:District Council
3463:District Council
3225:Himachal Pradesh
2959:
2958:
2881:at village level
2813:Functions of MCs
2789:"Town Panchayat"
2596:
2573:
2572:
2557:
2527:
2450:
2382:State Government
2337:Union Government
2322:
2321:
2083:in the citizens,
2013:Zilla panchayats
2005:Panchayat Samiti
1909:
1902:
1895:
1874:India portal
1872:
1871:
1870:
1841:Look East policy
1805:Kashmir Conflict
1540:Cabinet Minister
1523:
1454:Local Government
1337:
1129:Himachal Pradesh
1059:
1037:National parties
776:
716:R. Venkataramani
708:Attorney-General
524:
479:Cabinet Minister
384:Jagdeep Dhankhar
248:
162:Jagdeep Dhankhar
124:
70:
47:
43:
37:
31:
30:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5164:
5132:
5123:
5104:Northern Cyprus
5090:
5083:
4825:
4822:
4792:
4787:
4769:
4727:
4723:Nagar panchayat
4711:
4681:
4653:
4648:
4601:
4596:
4595:
4584:
4580:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4553:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4506:
4502:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4474:
4460:
4456:
4446:
4444:
4435:
4434:
4425:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4399:
4395:
4385:
4383:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4360:
4358:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4340:
4336:
4327:
4323:
4318:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4295:
4293:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4253:
4243:
4241:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4219:
4215:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4193:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4169:
4164:
4150:
4148:Further reading
4128:
4116:
4107:
4098:
4089:
4076:
3845:5.Municipality
3817:Nagar Panchayat
3784:
3752:Nagar Panchayat
3718:Nagar Panchayat
3650:Nagar Panchayat
3585:Nagar Panchayat
3490:Village Council
3466:Village Council
3441:Nagar Panchayat
3414:
3346:
3345:5. Municipality
3318:
3280:Nagar Panchayat
3246:Nagar Panchayat
3213:
3182:
3181:5.Municipality
3154:
3153:5.Municipality
3126:5.Municipality
3096:5.Municipality
3066:5.Municipality
3039:
3038:5.Municipality
3008:5.Municipality
2984:Traditional LB
2971:
2949:
2941:
2925:zilla panchayat
2879:Gram Panchayats
2872:
2848:
2840:Main articles:
2838:
2815:
2806:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2714:
2708:
2677:
2664:
2590:
2589:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2543:
2540:Block Panchayat
2528:
2525:
2524:
2444:
2443:
2385:
2340:
2317:
2309:Main articles:
2307:
2282:
2237:
2229:
2227:Legal framework
2201:
2164:
2111:
2105:
2064:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2025:gram panchayats
2001:Gram panchayats
1913:
1884:
1880:Other countries
1868:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1830:
1801:
1759:
1755:Pacific Islands
1731:
1646:
1616:Nationality law
1612:
1591:
1574:
1552:
1533:
1525:
1521:
1513:
1512:
1503:Block Panchayat
1485:
1456:
1411:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1288:
1280:
1228:
1074:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1013:
969:
942:
910:
883:
856:
841:
827:
805:
786:
778:
774:
766:
765:
747:
737:
720:
703:
684:
674:Other tribunals
664:Nyaya Panchayat
616:
612:Bar Association
603:
579:
563:
534:
526:
522:
514:
513:
491:
472:
449:
427:
405:
388:
369:
343:
321:
299:
282:
263:
250:
246:
238:
237:
210:
193:
171:
149:
126:
122:
114:
113:
99:Judicial review
88:
72:
68:
45:
35:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5227:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5180:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5136:
5134:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5095:
5093:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4835:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4798:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4779:
4777:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4758:Gram panchayat
4755:
4754:
4753:
4743:
4737:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4691:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4663:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4647:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4600:
4599:External links
4597:
4594:
4593:
4578:
4542:
4500:
4479:
4472:
4454:
4423:
4408:
4393:
4368:
4343:
4334:
4321:
4312:
4303:
4279:
4270:
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4251:
4224:
4213:
4202:
4191:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4137:Panchayati Raj
4134:
4127:
4124:
4115:
4112:
4106:
4103:
4097:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4031:
4028:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4007:
4002:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3956:
3947:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3925:
3919:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3841:
3832:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3807:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3778:4.Nagar Nigam
3776:
3767:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3742:
3733:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3708:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3684:Town Panchayat
3682:
3679:
3674:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3619:Nagar Parishad
3617:
3614:
3609:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3575:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3541:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3403:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3379:Nagar Parishad
3377:
3374:
3369:
3360:
3358:Madhya Pradesh
3355:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3341:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3307:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3277:Nagar Parishad
3275:
3270:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3236:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3205:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3177:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3149:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3122:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3092:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3062:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3034:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3004:
2995:
2993:Andhra Pradesh
2990:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2937:
2917:gram panchayat
2912:Mahatma Gandhi
2904:
2903:
2893:
2882:
2871:
2868:
2837:
2834:
2814:
2811:
2805:
2804:Municipal Acts
2802:
2801:
2800:
2781:"Town Council"
2774:
2767:"Nagar Palika"
2760:
2738:municipalities
2733:
2732:3 types of MCs
2730:
2725:Main article:
2722:
2719:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2687:Town Panchayat
2683:
2670:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2556:Gram Panchayat
2547:
2545:
2536:
2534:
2526:Zilla Parishad
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2306:
2303:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2163:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2107:Main article:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2044:
2041:
2037:zila parishads
1992:Town Panchayat
1950:municipalities
1937:panchayati raj
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1876:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1828:Foreign Policy
1826:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1745:European Union
1742:
1737:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1722:United Nations
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1611:
1610:
1601:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:Gram Panchayat
1505:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1490:Panchayati Raj
1484:
1483:
1481:Town Panchayat
1478:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1377:Chief Minister
1374:
1373:
1372:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1149:Madhya Pradesh
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1089:Andhra Pradesh
1085:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1065:
1062:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1012:
1011:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
978:
977:
968:
967:
962:
957:
951:
950:
941:
940:
935:
930:
924:
923:
919:Constituencies
909:
908:
903:
898:
892:
891:
882:
881:
876:
871:
865:
864:
855:
854:
849:
843:
842:
837:
834:
833:
826:
825:
820:
814:
813:
804:
803:
797:
796:
788:
787:
782:
779:
772:
771:
768:
767:
764:
763:
758:
753:
751:Law Commission
746:
745:
736:
735:
729:
728:
719:
718:
712:
711:
702:
701:
695:
694:
686:
685:
680:
677:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
655:
654:
649:
647:Chief Justices
639:
637:Gram Nyayalaya
634:
633:
632:
625:District Court
622:
615:
614:
609:
602:
601:
595:
594:
581:
580:
575:
572:
571:
562:
561:
556:
551:
545:
544:
536:
535:
530:
527:
520:
519:
516:
515:
512:
511:
506:
500:
499:
490:
489:
483:
482:
474:
473:
468:
465:
464:
458:
457:
448:
447:
436:
435:
426:
425:
414:
413:
404:
403:
397:
396:
393:Deputy Speaker
387:
386:
380:
379:
371:
370:
360:
357:
356:
352:
351:
342:
341:
330:
329:
320:
319:
308:
307:
298:
297:
291:
290:
287:Deputy Speaker
281:
280:
274:
273:
265:
264:
254:
251:
244:
243:
240:
239:
236:
235:
234:
233:
223:
222:
221:
209:
208:
202:
201:
192:
191:
180:
179:
170:
169:
158:
157:
148:
147:
140:Droupadi Murmu
136:
135:
127:
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
84:
79:
73:
66:
65:
62:
61:
51:
50:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5226:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5179:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5130:
5126:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5114:South Ossetia
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5086:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4819:
4814:
4812:
4807:
4805:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4751:Block pramukh
4749:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4645:
4640:
4638:
4633:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4591:
4587:
4582:
4563:
4559:
4552:
4546:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4504:
4489:
4483:
4475:
4469:
4465:
4458:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4420:
4419:
4412:
4404:
4397:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4357:
4353:
4347:
4338:
4331:
4325:
4316:
4307:
4291:
4290:
4283:
4274:
4265:
4255:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4221:PRIs of India
4217:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4195:
4187:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4167:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4111:
4102:
4093:
4084:
4080:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3916:Daman and Diu
3912:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3766:
3765:Uttar Pradesh
3763:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3130:
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2965:Local Bodies
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2896:Zila Parishad
2894:
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2753:"Nagar Nigam"
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2269:institutions.
2267:
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2258:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:Narasimha Rao
2241:
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1989:
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1865:
1864:
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1856:Narendra Modi
1854:
1852:
1851:Indira Gandhi
1849:
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1750:Latin America
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1548:S. Jaishankar
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1307:Sub-districts
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1214:Uttar Pradesh
1212:
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1042:State parties
1040:
1038:
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829:
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824:
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818:Gyanesh Kumar
816:
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586:Chief Justice
583:
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312:Narendra Modi
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184:Narendra Modi
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48:
42:
41:
38:
33:
32:
29:
26:
22:
5129:Dependencies
5059:Turkmenistan
5024:Saudi Arabia
4903:
4774:
4716:Intermediate
4658:
4650:
4581:
4569:. Retrieved
4557:
4545:
4533:. Retrieved
4513:
4503:
4491:. Retrieved
4482:
4463:
4457:
4445:. Retrieved
4417:
4411:
4396:
4384:. Retrieved
4380:
4371:
4359:. Retrieved
4355:
4346:
4337:
4330:Constitution
4324:
4315:
4306:
4294:. Retrieved
4288:
4282:
4273:
4264:
4254:
4242:. Retrieved
4236:
4227:
4216:
4205:
4194:
4185:
4154:
4121:
4117:
4108:
4099:
4090:
4081:
4077:
4063:Municipality
4056:
4010:
3992:Municipality
3985:
3982:
3953:
3950:
3922:
3914:
3891:
3888:
3868:
3865:
3847:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3804:
3801:
3782:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3739:
3736:
3715:Municipality
3705:
3702:
3681:Municipality
3671:
3668:
3637:
3616:Nagar Palika
3606:
3603:
3572:
3569:
3548:Municipality
3538:
3535:
3431:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3376:Municipality
3366:
3363:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3267:
3264:
3233:
3230:
3211:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3180:
3174:
3171:
3152:
3146:
3128:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3111:Chhattisgarh
3098:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3068:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3010:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2950:
2942:
2929:
2905:
2873:
2849:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2807:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2752:
2741:
2735:
2715:
2685:
2674:Municipality
2672:
2659:
2586:
2549:
2538:
2519:
2440:
2433:
2381:
2335:
2318:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2283:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2221:Rajiv Gandhi
2214:
2202:
2194:
2165:
2156:
2153:
2123:
2112:
2070:studied the
2065:
2057:
2021:
1996:Constitution
1991:
1984:Nagar Palika
1983:
1975:
1968:"panchayats"
1967:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1941:
1936:
1919:
1918:
1672:Commonwealth
1577:
1555:
1538:
1488:
1476:Municipality
1461:
1453:
1231:
1109:Chhattisgarh
1079:
1007:
972:
945:
913:
886:
859:
808:
791:
740:
733:Tushar Mehta
723:
706:
689:
584:
566:
539:
532:Law of India
494:
487:Kiren Rijiju
477:
452:
430:
408:
391:
374:
346:
334:Rahul Gandhi
324:
302:
294:
285:
268:
196:
174:
152:
130:
94:Human rights
69:Constitution
34:
28:
5188:Asia portal
5089:States with
5009:Philippines
4949:South Korea
4944:North Korea
4839:Afghanistan
4672:Maharashtra
4522:10603/36516
4005:Lakshadweep
3830:West Bengal
3811:Nagar Nigam
3796:Uttarakhand
3613:Nagar Nigam
3392:Maharashtra
2011:level, and
1976:Nagar Nigam
1942:Within the
1631:Visa policy
1409:Legislative
1271:Lakshadweep
1224:West Bengal
1219:Uttarakhand
1154:Maharashtra
801:Rajiv Kumar
620:Bar Council
362:Rajya Sabha
231:Secretaries
226:Departments
206:Rajiv Gauba
5203:Categories
5069:Uzbekistan
5044:Tajikistan
4959:Kyrgyzstan
4939:Kazakhstan
4859:Bangladesh
4849:Azerbaijan
4775:Observance
4677:Tamil Nadu
4571:28 October
4535:28 October
4447:28 October
4162:References
4051:Puducherry
3883:Chandigarh
3663:Tamil Nadu
2710:See also:
2253:functions.
2217:panchayats
2168:G.V.K. Rao
2047:See also:
2023:(240,000)
1401:Ministries
1336:Federalism
1276:Puducherry
1246:Chandigarh
1199:Tamil Nadu
659:Lok Adalat
642:High Court
509:L. Murugan
247:Parliament
214:Ministries
123:Government
19:See also:
5155:Hong Kong
5109:Palestine
5034:Sri Lanka
5029:Singapore
4909:Indonesia
4386:4 January
4026:NCT Delhi
3697:Telangana
3598:Rajasthan
3457:Meghalaya
3296:Karnataka
3259:Jharkhand
2981:Urban LB
2978:Rural LB
2864:panchayat
2860:vedic era
1787:Sanctions
1740:East Asia
1626:Passports
1345:Executive
1302:Districts
1297:Divisions
1204:Telangana
1189:Rajasthan
1164:Meghalaya
1139:Karnataka
1134:Jharkhand
839:Elections
256:Lok Sabha
219:Ministers
77:Amendment
5178:Category
5099:Abkhazia
5049:Thailand
5004:Pakistan
4984:Mongolia
4979:Maldives
4974:Malaysia
4874:Cambodia
4763:Sarpanch
4659:By state
4562:Archived
4526:Archived
4441:Archived
4296:10 April
4238:UN Women
4126:See also
3513:Nagaland
2900:district
2852:villages
2017:district
1782:to India
1763:Diaspora
1608:to India
1599:in India
1353:Governor
1174:Nagaland
1071:Capitals
691:Minister
376:Chairman
278:Om Birla
104:Taxation
5074:Vietnam
4989:Myanmar
4969:Lebanon
4899:Georgia
4854:Bahrain
4844:Armenia
4381:Nagrika
4361:22 July
3978:Ladakh
3731:Tripura
3481:Mizoram
3426:Manipur
3194:Haryana
3166:Gujarat
2043:History
2031:at the
2019:level.
1768:History
1657:BIMSTEC
1427:Speaker
1209:Tripura
1169:Mizoram
1159:Manipur
1124:Haryana
1119:Gujarat
366:Members
270:Speaker
5119:Taiwan
5054:Turkey
5019:Russia
4954:Kuwait
4934:Jordan
4924:Israel
4884:Cyprus
4869:Brunei
4864:Bhutan
4667:Kerala
4493:31 May
4470:
4244:14 May
3632:Sikkim
3564:Punjab
3530:Odisha
3330:Kerala
2921:tehsil
2902:level.
2890:Mandal
2678:(e.g.
2665:(e.g.
2559:(e.g.
2529:(e.g.
2386:(e.g.
1964:(PRI)"
1735:Africa
1266:Ladakh
1194:Sikkim
1184:Punjab
1179:Odisha
1144:Kerala
1081:States
652:Judges
607:Judges
295:Vacant
5160:Macau
5079:Yemen
5039:Syria
5014:Qatar
4994:Nepal
4929:Japan
4904:India
4894:Egypt
4879:China
4733:Rural
4687:Urban
4565:(PDF)
4554:(PDF)
4529:(PDF)
4182:(PDF)
3081:Bihar
3051:Assam
2975:Name
2587:Urban
2441:Rural
2434:Urban
2033:block
2009:block
1932:state
1928:union
1924:state
1712:SAARC
1667:BRICS
1256:Delhi
1104:Bihar
1099:Assam
1025:INDIA
4999:Oman
4964:Laos
4919:Iraq
4914:Iran
4573:2020
4537:2020
4495:2023
4468:ISBN
4449:2020
4388:2022
4363:2019
4328:The
4298:2015
4246:2020
3913:and
2972:key
2951:The
2844:and
2742:"MC"
2313:and
2166:The
2113:The
1956:"MC"
1836:ITEC
1727:QUAD
1697:IORA
1692:IONS
1687:IBSA
1662:BBIN
1444:List
1432:List
1394:List
1382:List
1370:List
1358:List
1008:2024
1002:2023
997:2022
992:2021
987:2020
982:2019
965:2022
960:2023
955:2024
938:2024
933:2019
928:2014
906:2012
901:2017
896:2022
879:2012
874:2017
869:2022
630:List
590:50th
260:18th
188:14th
166:14th
144:15th
23:and
5131:and
4588:by
4518:hdl
4030:NA
4015:NA
3517:NA
3141:Goa
2970:Map
2888:or
2795:or
2791:or
2787:or
2783:or
2769:or
2755:or
2115:PRi
2015:at
2007:at
1717:SCO
1702:MGC
1682:G20
1652:2+2
1114:Goa
1020:NDA
444:INC
422:BJP
338:INC
316:BJP
5205::
4556:.
4524:.
4512:.
4426:^
4379:.
4354:.
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4235:.
4184:.
4170:^
3826:28
3792:27
3761:26
3727:25
3693:24
3659:23
3628:22
3594:21
3560:20
3526:19
3509:18
3477:17
3453:16
3422:15
3388:14
3354:13
3326:12
3292:11
3255:10
1930:,
1780:/
1677:G4
1606:/
1597:/
4817:e
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4803:v
4643:e
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4575:.
4539:.
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4047:H
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3975:E
3941:D
3907:C
3879:B
3856:A
3221:9
3190:8
3162:7
3137:6
3107:5
3077:4
3047:3
3019:2
2989:1
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1990:(
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1974:(
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