616:
221:
338:
326:, was killed in 865, possibly the same person as Gnim Cinnsiolla, chief of the Lochlanns who is recorded as dying in similar circumstances. In 869 Tomrark the Earl is described as a "fierce, rough, cruel man of the Lochlanns" and the annalist notes, perhaps with some satisfaction, that this "enemy of
358:
and
Raghnall tarried there with his youngest son. But his elder sons, with a great host, which they collected from every quarter, came on to the British Isles, being elated with pride and ambition, to attack the Franks and Saxons. They thought that their father had returned to Lochlann immediately
382:
O' Corrain (1998) concludes that: "this much-emended entry appears to be the death notice of Gøðrøðr, king of the
Vikings in Scotland" and although other interpreters believed this entry referred to the death of his son Ímar it is clearly about one of the other. Who then is "Albdan"? The name is
469:
is the destination of the otherwise unattested Yrp of the Hosts, who depleted
Britain's armies by demanding that each of the island's chief fortresses provide him with twice the men he brought; though he began with only two men he left with many thousands. The same versions also give
277:"the son of the King of Lochlann, came to Erin, and he brought with him commands from his father for many rents and tributes, but he left suddenly. Imhar, his younger brother, came after him to levy the same rents." Amlaíb is also called the "son of the king of Laithlind" by the
1232:. (1860) Three fragments, copied from ancient sources by Dubhaltach MacFirbisigh; and edited, with a translation and notes, from a manuscript preserved in the Burgundian Library at Brussels. Dublin Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society. Retrieved 15 Nov 2011.
314:
and Tomrir Torra were "two noble chiefs", "of great fame among their own people", and "of the best race of the
Lochlanns", although their careers appear to have been otherwise unrecorded. They died whilst fighting the men of
395:(although the Norse sagas claim that Halfdan was Raghnall/Rognvald's grandfather). The "Lochlanns" may thus have been a generic description for both Norwegian-based warriors and insular forces of Norse descent based in the
353:
the sons of Albdan, King of
Lochlann, expelled the eldest son, Raghnall, son of Albdan, because they feared that he would take the kingdom of Lochlann after their father; and Raghnall came with his three sons to
242:, who are clearly Vikings and feared and distrusted by the writers. However relatively few named individuals are identified from amongst their number and their relationships with one another are largely obscure.
659:. The story goes that the tidal race was named after this Norse Prince "said to be son to the King of Denmark" who was shipwrecked there with a fleet of fifty ships. Breacan is reputed to be buried in a cave at
698:. The prince's dog managed to swim to land and went in search of his master. Failing to find him on Jura or Scarba he tried to leap across the strait to Lunga, but missed his footing on
418:(or Ingimund) and Otter, son of Iargna, who was killed by the Scots. Whatever the meaning of Laithlind and Lochlann in Ireland in the ninth and tenth centuries, it may have referred to
704:
which sits in the middle of the channel between the two islands. He slipped into the raging current and drowned as well, giving his own name in turn to the strait where he fell.
265:
In 851 Zain, also identified as the "half-king of the
Lochlanns" and Iargna "the two chiefs of the fleet of the Lochlanns" are recorded as fighting against the Danes in
526:
legend) appears among Arthur's vividly-depicted host. Bromwich suggests this appearance derives ultimately from a recollection of Welsh Triad 14, which depicts
742:
573:
A Scandinavian
Lochlann appears in later Irish tales, generally concerning the King of Lochlann—sometimes called Colgán—or his sons, such as in the tales of
303:– the question of Amlaíb's immediate origins is debated. In 871 he "went from Erin to Lochlann to wage war on the Lochlanns" to assist his father
1300:
1323:
532:
as one of the "Three
Seafarers/Fleet Owners of the Island of Britain" – the Scandinavians being famed for their nautical skills.
1429:
363:
This entry provides a number of problems. The demise of
Gofraid, King of Lochlann and father of Amlaíb and Imhar (or Ímar) and
1424:
1270:
1182:
1364:
270:
1293:
1642:
225:
207:
in the first quarter of the ninth century and a Viking kingdom was set up there earlier than the middle of the century.
1254:
1196:
1165:
1150:
1020:
115:
681:
corroborates the view that the original story may have referred to this latter location, quoting the 10th century
615:
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2018:
1286:
1118:
1097:
234:
720:
2023:
1592:
1460:
1414:
601:
1929:
2013:
1223:
1369:
631:. According to tradition "Prince Breacan of Lochlann" was shipwrecked there with a fleet of fifty ships.
1556:
31:
378:. (The death of the king of Lochlainn i.e. Gothfraid of a sudden and horrible fit. So it pleased God.)
1899:
1657:
1389:
1384:
415:
17:
430:
is the "king of
Lochlann" in the Irish πreports of the great western expedition four decades later.
97:). In both old Gaelic and old Welsh, such names literally mean 'land of lakes' or 'land of swamps'.
1967:
1919:
1419:
1211:
640:
178:
1495:
547:
163:
relate it to Nordic realms of Europe. While the traditional view has identified Laithlind with
1725:
1607:
1439:
713:
145:, 'person belonging to Lochlann') has an additional sense of 'raider' or, more specifically, a
1394:
1843:
1799:
1404:
1309:
455:
327:
1848:
635:
The adventures of Prince Breacan of Lochlann are part of the mythology of the naming of the
1874:
1541:
1516:
1434:
1379:
1343:
695:
636:
620:
388:
304:
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8:
1731:
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423:
1485:
1138:. CELT. Edition compiled by Pádraig Bambury and Stephen Beechinor. Retrieved 4 Dec 2011.
685:
of Cormac who describes the tale of "Brecan, son of Maine, son of Nial Naoighhiallach".
567:
1894:
1879:
1784:
1679:
1480:
1399:
1191:
MacKillop, James (2004) ‘’A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology’’. Oxford University Press.
1133:
665:(bay of the swine) at the north-western tip of Jura. According to Haswell-Smith (2004)
595:
523:
383:
probably a corruption of the Norse Halden, or Halfdane, and this may be a reference to
294:
290:
220:
27:
Gaelic term describing Scandinavia or its constituent states; literally "land of lochs"
1647:
414:
Other Lochlannachs mentioned in the texts for dates during the early 10th century are
167:, some have preferred to locate it in a Norse-dominated part of Scotland, perhaps the
1914:
1909:
1774:
1566:
1536:
1500:
1266:
1250:
1242:
1192:
1178:
1161:
1146:
1016:
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384:
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were attacked by the Lochlanns and internal strife in Lochlann was recorded because:
266:
1924:
1884:
1822:
1746:
1652:
1597:
1490:
1172:
1119:"Jura & the Corryvreckan ~ tales and legends from an Easter Expedition in 2004"
562:
519:
279:
204:
111:
100:
It may initially have referred to the mythical, undersea otherworldly abode of the
44:
274:
104:
of Irish mythology. At times it may have referred to an early Norse settlement in
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1962:
1934:
1904:
1889:
1869:
1713:
1707:
1622:
1526:
1101:
555:
489:
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184:
1265:, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
608:'s daughter "the fairest of the women of all Lochlann". Hengist was a legendary
1992:
1702:
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1338:
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35:
376:Ég righ Lochlainne .i. Gothfraid do tedmaimm grána opond. Sic quod placuit Deo
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188:
1015:, s.v. "Llychlyn" & "Lochlainn". Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
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1982:
1807:
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481:
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259:
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65:
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1769:
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694:(pass of the grey dog), a tidal race further north between Scarba and
1952:
1817:
1779:
1719:
1602:
541:
192:
101:
1759:
1736:
1632:
1617:
1215:
1094:
656:
566:
the "huge and ugly" Fomorians are sea demons that battled with the
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406:
168:
105:
1108:, Appin Regiment/Appin Historical Society. Retrieved 3 March 2007.
1789:
1754:
1673:
1582:
666:
605:
316:
245:
73:
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suggests this calamity occurred between Rathlin Island and the
652:
628:
419:
364:
355:
269:. The same source notes that in the sixth year of the reign of
249:
200:
164:
146:
69:
1237:
Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib: The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill
341:
19th-century depiction of Magnus Barefoot's forces in Ireland.
330:" died of madness at Port-Mannan (possibly the harbour of the
447:, which appears as a name for Scandinavia in the prose tales
311:
426:
is called "the son of the king of Lochlann", and his nephew
574:
346:
187:, and that a substantial part of Scotland—the Northern and
1143:
Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain
718:
284:
1121:
ukseakayakguidebook.co.uk Retrieved 26 February 2007.
699:
689:
660:
34:. For the personal names Lochlann and Lochlainn, see
1217:
Vikings in Ireland and Scotland in the Ninth Century
484:, the Welsh version of the historical Roman usurper
508:, Maxen's usual destination in other sources. In
283:in 853. While certainly of Scandinavian origin –
2005:
1106:A Description of The Western Islands of Scotland
960:, s.a. 1058, s.a 1102; Woolf (2007) pp. 266–267.
404:
396:
298:
252:of the king of Lochlann" fell in the Battle of
212:
118:first featured the name, in earlier forms like
989:
987:
1294:
1239:. London. Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer.
1170:
968:
966:
191:and large areas of the coastal mainland from
1037:and thus cannot be compared to the original
210:
1038:
1032:
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513:
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493:
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49:
30:For the 12th century Lord of Galloway, see
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1287:
963:
1308:
1235:Todd, James Henthorn (translator) (1867)
224:An x-ray image of the sword found at the
1077:
1075:
879:
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614:
438:The Irish Lochlann has a cognate in the
336:
219:
1065:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1049:
753:
751:
310:Hona, who the annalists believed was a
14:
2006:
1430:Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland
766:Woolf (2007) pp. 107–108 & 286–289
688:The same story is associated with the
647:), a whirlpool between the islands of
498:in this case might be a corruption of
476:as the destination of the army led by
183:states that Laithlinn was the name of
1282:
1260:
1072:
1013:Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
874:
391:of More in Norway and the brother of
140:
92:
59:
1060:
1046:
895:
886:
829:
748:
24:
1247:The Celtic Place-Names of Scotland
463:35. In these versions of Triad 35
238:contain numerous reference to the
152:
114:literature and other sources from
25:
2040:
1031:The phrase is an addition to the
322:Gnimbeolu, chief of the Galls of
1643:Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial
1557:Scottish–Norwegian War (1262-66)
535:
226:Port an Eilean Mhòir ship burial
1263:From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070
1111:
1084:
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949:
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931:
922:
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847:
838:
757:Ó Corráin (1998) various pages.
1171:Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004).
1160:. Leicester University Press.
820:
808:
799:
790:
781:
769:
760:
735:
612:leader of the 5th century AD.
13:
1:
1145:. University Of Wales Press.
1127:
235:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
1220:CELT. Retrieved 15 Nov 2011.
1156:Crawford, Barbara E. (1987)
853:O'Donovan (1860) pp. 168–169
540:Lochlann is the land of the
367:seems to be recorded in the
7:
1405:Ingibjörg the Earls'-Mother
883:O'Donovan (1860) pp. 158–59
844:O'Donovan (1860) pp. 145–47
805:O'Donovan (1860) pp. 125–27
725:, a 9th-century Irish poem.
707:
592:– a Gaelic adaption of the
387:. This would make Raghnall
10:
2045:
1945:Associated clans and septs
1069:Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 61
1057:Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 51
721:Is acher in gaíth in-nocht
459:, and in some versions of
32:Lochlann, Lord of Galloway
29:
1943:
1862:
1836:
1798:
1745:
1666:
1575:
1509:
1448:
1425:Margaret, Queen of Norway
1385:Gormflaith ingen Murchada
1357:
1316:
1141:Bromwich, Rachel (2006).
745:Retrieved 4 January 2024.
177:
142:[ˈl̪ˠɔxl̪ˠən̪ˠəx]
83:
50:
1420:Margaret, Maid of Norway
1370:Bethóc, Prioress of Iona
1177:. Edinburgh: Canongate.
729:
433:
307:who had "come for him".
1496:Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson
1415:Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb
1257:. First published 1926.
1002:Watson (1926) pp. 41–42
946:O'Donovan (1860) p. 231
937:O'Donovan (1860) p. 227
892:O'Donovan (1860) p. 171
871:O'Donovan (1860) p. 167
862:O'Donovan (1860) p. 163
826:O'Donovan (1860) p. 195
796:O'Donovan (1860) p. 119
787:O'Donovan (1860) p. 123
719:
691:Bealach a' Choin Ghlais
405:
397:
299:
285:
213:
68:or, more specifically,
61:[ˈl̪ˠɔxl̪ˠan̪ˠ]
1440:Ragnhildis Olafsdottir
1249:. Edinburgh; Birlinn.
1081:Murray (1966) pp. 71–2
1039:
1033:
910:Ó Corráin (1998) p. 37
901:Ó Corráin (1998) p. 36
835:Ó Corráin (1998) p. 34
714:Dubgaill and Finngaill
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522:(the King Mark of the
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293:representation of the
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229:
203:—was conquered by the
159:
132:
130:, the adjectival noun
116:early medieval Ireland
80:name for Scandinavia,
2029:Scandinavian Scotland
2019:Viking Age in Ireland
1844:Scottish island names
1667:Artifacts and culture
1344:Mormaers of Caithness
1310:Scandinavian Scotland
1158:Scandinavian Scotland
1100:13 March 2007 at the
1095:A Voyage to St. Kilda
655:on the west coast of
618:
510:The Dream of Rhonabwy
456:The Dream of Rhonabwy
373:
351:
340:
223:
157:All uses of the word
1863:Battles and treaties
1517:Kingdom of the Isles
1435:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
1390:Gunnhild Gormsdóttir
1380:Cacht ingen Ragnaill
1261:Woolf, Alex (2007),
1212:Ó Corráin, Donnchadh
1208:. London. Heinemann.
1174:The Scottish Islands
928:Crawford, pp. 53–54.
637:Gulf of Corryvreckan
621:Gulf of Corryvreckan
600:perhaps compiled at
389:Rognvald Eysteinsson
334:) in the same year.
248:, described as the "
2024:Medieval literature
1732:St Magnus Cathedral
1608:Cubbie Roo's Castle
1552:Davidian Revolution
1395:Helga Moddansdóttir
1365:Aud the Deep-Minded
981:Bromwich, pp. 82–83
957:Annals of Tigernach
701:Eilean a' Bhealaich
529:March ap Meirchiawn
520:March ap Meirchiawn
179:Donnchadh Ó Corráin
2014:Rulers of Lochlann
1726:Sen dollotar Ulaid
1680:Chronicles of Mann
1400:Ingeborg of Norway
1011:MacKillop, James,
919:Todd (1867) p. 270
671:Life of St Columba
633:
596:Historia Brittonum
548:Lebor Gabála Érenn
524:Tristan and Iseult
369:Fragmentary Annals
359:after setting out.
343:
230:
2001:
2000:
1968:Macaulay of Lewis
1501:Thorstein the Red
1449:Other notable men
1272:978-0-7486-1234-5
1229:Annals of Ireland
1184:978-1-84195-454-7
993:Bromwich, p. 435.
741:MacKillop (2004)
512:, a company from
478:Elen of the Hosts
450:Culhwch and Olwen
424:Magnus Haraldsson
385:Halfdan the Black
267:Carlingford Lough
94:[ˈɬəχlɨn]
16:(Redirected from
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1658:St Magnus Church
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1598:Brough of Birsay
1491:Sweyn Asleifsson
1486:Ragnall ua Ímair
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1334:Crovan dynasty
1331:
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1199:
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1168:
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1117:Buckley, Mike
1110:
1091:Martin, Martin
1083:
1071:
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1034:Lebor Bretnach
1024:
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709:
706:
588:Lebor Bretnach
537:
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492:suggests that
486:Magnus Maximus
440:Welsh language
435:
432:
217:
209:
173:Northern Isles
154:
151:
43:In the modern
36:Lachlan (name)
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2041:
2030:
2027:
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1994:
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1828:Old Norwegian
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1765:Law Ting Holm
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1378:
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1373:
1371:
1368:
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1363:
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1360:
1358:Notable women
1356:
1350:
1347:
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1324:List of kings
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1243:Watson, W. J.
1241:
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1226:(translator)
1225:
1222:
1219:
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1210:
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1202:Murray, W. H.
1200:
1198:
1197:9780198609674
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1180:
1176:
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1167:
1166:0-7185-1197-2
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1151:0-7083-1386-8
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1021:0-19-860967-1
1018:
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978:
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943:
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793:
784:
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589:
582:
580:
576:
571:
569:
565:
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557:
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544:in the Irish
543:
536:Literary uses
533:
530:
525:
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502:
496:
491:
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479:
474:
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329:
325:
320:
318:
313:
308:
306:
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296:
292:
287:
282:
281:
276:
272:
271:Maelsechlainn
268:
263:
261:
258:(near modern
256:
251:
247:
243:
241:
237:
236:
227:
222:
215:
208:
206:
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189:Western Isles
186:
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174:
170:
166:
161:
150:
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117:
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98:
95:
87:
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71:
67:
62:
54:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1808:Middle Irish
1724:
1712:
1687:Darraðarljóð
1685:
1678:
1638:Old Scatness
1531:
1456:Caittil Find
1410:Isabel Bruce
1262:
1246:
1236:
1227:
1216:
1206:The Hebrides
1205:
1173:
1157:
1142:
1134:
1113:
1105:
1086:
1027:
1012:
1007:
998:
977:
955:
951:
942:
933:
924:
915:
906:
897:
888:
867:
858:
849:
840:
831:
822:
814:
810:
801:
792:
783:
775:
771:
762:
743:“Lochlainn”.
737:
687:
682:
670:
662:Bagh nam Muc
634:
583:
579:Fenian Cycle
572:
561:
539:
509:
482:Maxen Wledig
454:
448:
437:
413:
381:
375:
374:
368:
362:
352:
344:
321:
309:
278:
273:, circa 852
264:
260:Castledermot
246:Jarl Tomrair
244:
239:
233:
231:
156:
123:
119:
110:
99:
81:
64:) signifies
48:
42:
40:
1925:Vestrajǫrðr
1900:Isle of Man
1576:Archaeology
1476:Olvir Rosta
679:W.H. Murray
610:Anglo-Saxon
488:. However,
461:Welsh Triad
332:Isle of Man
133:Lochlannach
66:Scandinavia
2008:Categories
1978:MacDougall
1973:Mac Coitir
1875:Brunanburh
1770:Lunnasting
1128:References
552:. In the
399:Norðreyjar
262:) in 848.
197:Sutherland
90:pronounced
1993:MacDonald
1963:Somhairle
1837:Etymology
1818:Old Norse
1780:Sandsting
1720:Ounceland
1613:Earl's Bu
1603:Camas Uig
1522:Dál Riata
1461:Ingimundr
602:Abernethy
542:Fomorians
416:Hingamund
407:Suðreyjar
356:Innsi Orc
295:Old Norse
291:Old Irish
240:Lochlanns
214:Suðreyjar
193:Caithness
120:Laithlind
102:Fomorians
76:with the
18:Lochlainn
1988:Macruari
1958:Uí Ímair
1895:Epiphany
1880:Clontarf
1854:Hebrides
1800:Language
1785:Tingwall
1760:Dingwall
1747:Althings
1737:Udal law
1698:Hogbacks
1633:Maeshowe
1618:Jarlshof
1562:Scotland
1547:Shetland
1532:Lochlann
1466:Ljótólfr
1349:Uí Ímair
1098:Archived
1093:(1703) "
1040:Historia
817:AU 853.2
778:AU 848.5
708:See also
683:Glossary
657:Scotland
623:between
577:and the
560:and the
515:Llychlyn
506:Armorica
495:Llychlyn
473:Llychlyn
466:Llychlyn
444:Llychlyn
319:in 860.
305:Goffridh
169:Hebrides
160:Lochlann
124:Lothlend
106:Scotland
84:Llychlyn
51:Lochlann
1983:MacLeod
1915:Skyhill
1910:Renfrew
1823:Pictish
1790:Tynwald
1775:Nesting
1755:Delting
1674:Birlinn
1583:Bornish
1510:History
1245:(1994)
1214:(1998)
1204:(1966)
677:coast.
667:Adomnan
606:Hengist
604:—makes
518:led by
371:in 873:
328:Brenann
317:Munster
289:is the
205:Vikings
171:or the
74:cognate
1885:Dollar
1588:Birsay
1567:Norway
1537:Orkney
1375:Bjaðǫk
1317:Rulers
1269:
1253:
1195:
1181:
1164:
1149:
1019:
675:Antrim
653:Scarba
629:Scarba
501:Llydaw
420:Norway
365:Auisle
286:Amlaíb
275:Amlaíb
250:tanist
201:Argyll
165:Norway
147:Viking
70:Norway
57:Irish:
1905:Largs
1890:Barry
1870:Bauds
1104:" in
730:Notes
696:Lunga
504:, or
434:Wales
347:Picts
312:druid
300:Oláfr
297:name
128:Irish
126:. In
78:Welsh
1953:Gunn
1920:Tara
1813:Norn
1267:ISBN
1251:ISBN
1193:ISBN
1179:ISBN
1162:ISBN
1147:ISBN
1017:ISBN
651:and
649:Jura
627:and
625:Jura
619:The
584:The
575:Lugh
480:and
453:and
324:Cork
232:The
195:and
138:IPA:
122:and
669:'s
403:or
199:to
2010::
1074:^
1062:^
1048:^
986:^
965:^
876:^
750:^
643::
581:.
570:.
411:.
175:.
149:.
108:.
47:,
1302:e
1295:t
1288:v
1187:.
1153:.
1043:.
639:(
228:.
136:(
88:(
55:(
38:.
20:)
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