998:
2304:
that had been effectively mixed on the eve of the war, namely, Haifa, still had a
Palestinian contingent. Even there, however, the urban mix had been transformed beyond recognition. The 3,000 remaining Palestinians, now representing less than 5 percent of the original community, had been uprooted and forced to relocate to downtown Wadi Ninas... More relevant for our concerns here are Acre, Lydda, Ramle, and Jaffa, which, although exclusively Palestinian before the war of 1948, became predominantly Jewish mixed towns after. All of them had their residual Palestinian populations concentrated in bounded compounds, in one case (Jaffa) surrounded for a while by barbed wire. As late as the summer of 1949, all of these compounds were subjected to martial law.
845:
1730:
1685:
1232:
833:
697:
95:
1324:
1493:, a three-meter-high wall was built between Jewish and Arab neighbourhoods and construction in Jewish areas was given priority over construction in Arab neighborhoods. The newspaper says that violent crime in the Arab sector revolves mainly around family feuds over turf and honour crimes. In 2010, the Lod Community Foundation organised an event for representatives of bicultural youth movements, volunteer aid organisations, educational start-ups, businessmen, sports organizations, and conservationists working on programmes to better the city.
1814:
1497:
1532:
1042:
1431:
1407:
1458:
1446:
79:
3455:: "although an atmosphere of what would later be called ethnic cleansing prevailed during critical months, transfer never became a general or declared Zionist policy. Thus, by war's end, even though much of the country had been 'cleansed' of Arabs, other parts of the country—notably central Galilee — were left with substantial Muslim Arab populations, and towns in the heart of the Jewish coastal strip, Haifa and Jaffa, were left with an Arab minority."
4856:
1921:
1937:
1580:
163:
67:
1419:
1804:
1240:
1050:
1104:. It had a population of 241 households and 14 bachelors who were all Muslims, and 233 households who were Christians. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, vineyards, fruit trees, sesame, special product ("dawalib" =spinning wheels), goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and market toll, a total of 45,000
102:
892:
1189:, and other trees, surrounded every way by a very fertile neighbourhood. The inhabitants are evidently industrious and thriving, and the whole country between this and Ramleh is fast being filled up with their flourishing orchards. Rarely have I beheld a rural scene more delightful than this presented in early harvest ... It must be seen, heard, and enjoyed to be appreciated."
3521:. p. 842 ("... the old Hebrew name, Lod, which had probably been always used by the inhabitants, appears again in history."); And Lod (Lydda), Israel: from its origins through the Byzantine period, 5600 B.C.E.-640 C.E., by Joshua J. Schwartz, 1991, p. 15 ("the pronunciation Lud began to appear along with the form Lod")
3505:: "The occupation of Lydda by Israel in the 1948 war did not allow the realization of Pocheck's garden city vision. Different geopolitics and ideologies began to shape Lydda's urban landscape ... its name was changed from Lydda to Lod, which was the region's biblical name"; also see Pearlman, Moshe and Yannai, Yacov.
2266:
1700:
4,754, a real change of 2.9% over the course of 2000. Salaried men had a mean monthly wage of NIS 5,821 (a real change of 1.4%) versus NIS 3,547 for women (a real change of 4.6%). The mean income for the self-employed was NIS 4,991. About 1,275 people were receiving unemployment benefits and 7,145
612:
Two architectural phases belong to the late EB I in Area B. The first phase had a mudbrick wall, while the late phase included a circulat stone structure. Later excavations have produced an occupation later, Stratum IV. It consists of two phases, Stratum IVb with mudbrick wall on stone foundations
2303:
The
Palestinian quarters of Safad, Tiberias, Haifa, Jaffa, and West Jerusalem and the Jewish quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem were in a state of sociological catastrophe, with no community to speak of to even bury the dead and mourn the old existence... By late 1949 only one of the five towns
1745:
and the
Municipality of Lod, prior to widening HeHalutz Street. According to Jacob Fisch, executive director of the Friends of the Israel Antiquities Authority, a worker at the construction site noticed the tail of a tiger and halted work. The mosaic was initially covered over with soil at the
1565:
According to CBS, 38 schools and 13,188 pupils are in the city. They are spread out as 26 elementary schools and 8,325 elementary school pupils, and 13 high schools and 4,863 high school pupils. About 52.5% of 12th-grade pupils were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001.
3471:: "The facts do not bear out this contention . To be sure, some refugees were forced to flee: fifty thousand were expelled from the strategically located towns of Lydda and Ramle ... But these were the exceptions, not the rule, and ethnic cleansing had nothing to do with it."
789:, 115–117 CE, the Roman army laid siege to Lod, where the rebel Jews had gathered under the leadership of Julian and Pappos. Torah study was outlawed by the Romans and pursued mostly in the underground. The distress became so great, the patriarch Rabban
1335:
entered Lydda on 11 July 1948. The following day, under the impression that it was under attack, the 3rd
Battalion was ordered to shoot anyone "seen on the streets". According to Israel, 250 Arabs were killed. Other estimates are higher: Arab historian
1522:
to restore order in the city. This was the first time since 1966 that Israel had declared this kind of emergency lockdown. International media noted that both Jewish and
Palestinian mobs were active in Lod, but the "crackdown came for one side" only.
596:
In the Early Bronze, it was an important settlement in the central coastal plain between the Judean
Shephelah and the Mediterranean coast, along Nahal Ayalon. Other important nearby sites were Tel Dalit, Tel Bareqet, Khirbat Abu Hamid (Shoham North),
1288:
In 1945, Lydda had a population of 16,780 (14,910 Muslims, 1,840 Christians, 20 Jews and 10 "other"). Until 1948, Lydda was an Arab town with a population of around 20,000—18,500 Muslims and 1,500 Christians. In 1947, the United
Nations proposed
882:
shows Lydda as an unwalled city with a cluster of buildings under a black inscription reading "Lod, also Lydea, also
Diospolis". An isolated large building with a semicircular colonnaded plaza in front of it might represent the St George shrine.
708:
The Jewish community in Lod during the
Mishnah and Talmud era is described in a significant number of sources, including information on its institutions, demographics, and way of life. The city reached its height as a Jewish center between the
1488:
Since 2008, many urban development projects have been undertaken to improve the image of the city. Upscale neighbourhoods have been built, among them Ganei Ya'ar and
Ahisemah, expanding the city to the east. According to a 2010 report in the
1308:
were ambushed and murdered.In a separate incident, three Jewish youths, two men and a woman were captured, then raped and murdered in a neighbouring village. Their bodies were paraded in Lydda’s principal street.
942:, and was noted for its Great Mosque which served the residents of al-Ludd, Ramla, and the nearby villages. He also wrote of the city's "wonderful church (of St. George) at the gate of which Christ will slay the
588:
The first occupation was in the Neolithic period. Occupation continued in the Chalcolithic. Pottery finds have dated the initial settlement in the area now occupied by the town to 5600–5250 BCE.
1696:
Absorption Centre is also located in Lod. According to CBS figures for 2000, 23,032 people were salaried workers and 1,405 were self-employed. The mean monthly wage for a salaried worker was
1750:. The floor, with its colorful display of birds, fish, exotic animals and merchant ships, is believed to have been commissioned by a wealthy resident of the city for his private home.
797:. Other rabbis disagreed with this ruling. Lydda was next taken and many of the Jews were executed; the "slain of Lydda" are often mentioned in words of reverential praise in the Talmud.
3668:
2834:
Tabula Imperii Romani Iudaea-Palestina: Eretz Israel in the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Periods; Maps and Gazetteer, p. 171. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1994;
3054:
4325:
The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer
1192:
In 1869, the population of Ludd was given as: 55 Catholics, 1,940 "Greeks", 5 Protestants and 4,850 Muslims. In 1870, the Church of Saint George was rebuilt. In 1892, the first
1753:
The Lod Community Archaeology Program, which operates in ten Lod schools, five Jewish and five Israeli Arab, combines archaeological studies with participation in digs in Lod.
3465:, the 1947 displacement of Palestinians, Rabin had been second in command over Operation Dani, the ethnic cleansing of the Palestinian towns of towns of Lydda and Ramle."
455:
Lod underwent a major change in its population in the mid-20th century. Exclusively Palestinian Arab in 1947, Lod was part of the area designated for an Arab state in the
3701:
1219:
is a very conspicuous object over the whole of the plain. The inhabitants are principally Moslim, though the place is the seat of a Greek bishop resident of Jerusalem.
1773:. The club was formed by a merger of Bnei Lod and Rakevet Lod in the 1980s. Two other clubs in the city play in the regional leagues: Hapoel MS Ortodoxim Lod in
616:
Another excavations revealed nine occupation strata. Strata VI-III belonged to Early Bronze IB. The material culture showed Egyptian imports in strata V and IV.
3737:
619:
Occupation continued into Early Bronze II with four strata (V-II). There was continuity in the material culture and indications of centralized urban planning.
613:
and rounded exterior corners. In Stratum IVa there was a mudbrick wall with no stone foundations, with imported Egyptian potter and local pottery imitations.
3756:
3477:: "The expulsion of some 50,000 Palestinians from their homes ... was one of the most visible atrocities stemming from Israel's policy of ethnic cleansing."
3771:
1539:
In the 19th century, Lod was an exclusively Muslim-Christian town, with an estimated 6,850 inhabitants, of whom approximately 2,000 (29%) were Christian.
4716:
2267:"RECONFIGURING THE "MIXED TOWN": URBAN TRANSFORMATIONS OF ETHNONATIONAL RELATIONS IN PALESTINE AND ISRAEL - International Journal of Middle East Studies"
4196:
3097:
1549:
According to the 2019 census, the population of Lod was 77,223, of which 53,581 people, comprising 69.4% of the city's population, were classified as "
3638:
1274:, Lydda had a population of 8,103 inhabitants (7,166 Muslims, 926 Christians, and 11 Jews), the Christians were 921 Orthodox, 4 Roman Catholics and 1
1196:
in the entire region was established in the city. In the second half of the 19th century, Jewish merchants migrated to the city, but left after the
997:
5154:
4642:
1356:
1318:
464:
4263:
Mixed towns, trapped communities: historical narratives, spatial dynamics, gender relations and cultural encounters in Palestinian-Israeli towns
1211:
described Lod as "A small town, standing among enclosure of prickly pear, and having fine olive groves around it, especially to the south. The
5635:
5630:
3836:
1860:
1436:
1430:
1220:
875:
851:, 6th century CE, showing Lod above and left (NW) of the red "ΡΟϹ ΔΑΝ" ("the lot of Dan") inscription (left margin, touching on damaged area)
418:
2611:
5620:
3969:
3287:
1466:
2473:, 2009. "And it came to pass, as Peter passed throughout all quarters, he came down also to the saints which dwelt at Lydda", Acts 9:32–38
927:
in 715–716. The population of al-Ludd was relocated to Ramla, as well. With the relocation of its inhabitants and the construction of the
4311:
Histoire de Jérusalem et d'Hébron depuis Abraham jusqu'à la fin du XVe siècle de J.-C. : fragments de la Chronique de Moudjir-ed-dyn
2388:
1957:
1290:
1169:
visited Lydda in the mid-19th century, describing it as a "flourishing village of some 2,000 inhabitants, imbosomed in noble orchards of
456:
3660:
3579:
1511:, a state of emergency was declared in Lod after Arab rioting led to the death of an Israeli Jew. The Mayor of Lod, Yair Revivio, urged
1363:
by the Israel Defense Forces. All but 700 to 1,056 were expelled by order of the Israeli high command, and forced to walk 17 km (
123:
4250:
3203:
3351:
Sefer Hapalmah ii (The Book of the Palmah), p. 565; and KMA-PA (Kibbutz Meuhad Archives – Palmah Archive). Quoted in Benny Morris,
3191:
3179:
468:
4674:
4709:
3608:
1406:
537:(“to quarrel; withhold, hinder”). An Arabic etymology of such an ancient name is unlikely (the earliest attestation is from the
5625:
4592:
The Land and the Book: Or, Biblical Illustrations Drawn from the Manners and Customs, the Scenes and Scenery, of the Holy Land
4615:
4576:
4552:
4528:
4500:
4477:
4449:
4401:
4373:
4352:
4295:
4271:
4185:
4164:
4134:
4035:
4003:
3982:
3691:
2889:
2839:
2762:
2722:
2361:
2135:
2076:
2416:"Early-Ottoman Palestinian Toponymy: A Linguistic Analysis of the (Micro-)Toponyms in Haseki Sultan's Endowment Deed (1552)"
1445:
5147:
3923:
4180:. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft.
4144:
1543:
1381:
lines. Estimates of those who died from exhaustion and dehydration vary from a handful to 355. The town was subsequently
1263:, the British set up supply posts in and around Lydda and its railway station, also building an airport that was renamed
3801:
5650:
5605:
4702:
4685:
4520:
3854:
3314:
1397:
to Lod from August 1948 onward, most of them from Arab countries. As a result, Lod became a predominantly Jewish town.
1159:
3368:
Morris writes: " dozens of unarmed detainees in the mosque and church in the centre of the town were shot and killed."
725:
period. The city was then the site of numerous public institutions, including schools, study houses, and synagogues.
5010:
1671:
1609:
94:
1747:
1508:
4046:
3566:
1652:
844:
812:("City of Zeus") may have been bestowed earlier, possibly by Hadrian. At that point, most of its inhabitants were
5140:
3215:
4213:
4057:
3094:
1624:
519:
5000:
2064:
Corpus inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palaestinae: a multi-lingual corpus of the inscriptions from Alexander to Muhammad
1746:
conclusion of the excavation for lack of funds to conserve and develop the site. The mosaic is now part of the
1605:
1029:
described it as a pleasant village with an active Friday mosque. During this time, Lydda was a station on the
3405:
5645:
5025:
5020:
5005:
425:
3905:
1282:
to 11,250 (10,002 Muslims, 1,210 Christians, 28 Jews, and 10 Bahai), in a total of 2475 residential houses.
557:
5640:
5338:
5053:
5030:
5015:
4780:
3630:
3396:
1911:
1742:
1684:
1631:
1231:
900:
4431:
3129:
3113:
2983:
2936:
2924:
2458:
2250:
507:
3234:
2912:
1729:
530:
4098:
3016:
978:. It owed the service of 10 knights and 20 sergeants, and it had its own burgess court during this era.
5655:
5116:
5111:
4985:
4421:
Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838
4393:
4329:
4241:
4204:
4109:
4013:
3722:
3029:
2100:
1986:
1204:
771:. He killed fifty people whom he found, burned the town and marched on". Lydda was occupied by Emperor
764:
710:
4363:
5035:
4972:
4725:
4657:
4411:
3518:
2067:. Vol. IV: Iudaea / Idumaea. Eran Lupu, Marfa Heimbach, Naomi Schneider, Hannah Cotton. Berlin:
1638:
924:
782:, who appears in many Tannaitic and Jewish legal discussions, served as a rabbinic authority in Lod.
482:
population of 30%. Lod is one of Israel's major transportation hubs. The main international airport,
350:
180:
4078:
3531:
2157:
By 1099 crusading armies had captured the city of Lydda, the site of St George's martyrdom and tomb.
5163:
4990:
4980:
4009:
The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology
1693:
1590:
1512:
1305:
1279:
1271:
1078:
1022:
553:
486:, is located 8 km (5 miles) north of the city. The city is also a major railway and road junction.
155:
57:
1002:
4586:
4344:
4156:
4030:. BAR International Series 726 (in French). Vol. III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress.
3873:
2615:
1594:
1554:
1393:. The few hundred Arabs who remained in the city were soon outnumbered by the influx of Jews who
1166:
860:
479:
4441:
Torah Centers and Rabbinic Activity in Palestine, 70–400 CE: History and Geographic Distribution
1692:
The airport and related industries are a major source of employment for the residents of Lod. A
1620:
696:
5106:
4995:
4864:
4510:
3999:
3509:. Vanguard Press, 1964, p. 160. For the Hebrew name being used by inhabitants before 1948, see
2752:
2316:
Shapira, Anita, “Politics and Collective Memory: the Debate Over the 'New Historians' in Israel
729:
316:
295:
4689:
3474:
3458:
3443:
3365:
2852:
2821:
2401:
2376:
2353:
2332:
4737:
4562:
4425:
4065:
3502:
3489:
3468:
3382:
3275:
3262:
3246:
3042:
2971:
2956:
2879:
2778:
2637:
2349:
1770:
1332:
1298:
1248:
1070:
460:
362:
1737:
A well-preserved mosaic floor dating to the Roman period was excavated in 1996 as part of a
832:
5615:
4237:
Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500
4126:
1865:
1762:
1601:
1519:
1352:
1144:
1014:
928:
856:
701:
515:
437:
17:
4177:
Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century
8:
5479:
4872:
4419:
4323:
4319:
4235:
4007:
3723:
Jewish and Palestinian mobs dueled in Israeli towns — but the crackdown came for one side
3696:
1791:
in 1984. The club folded in 2002. A new club, Hapoel Maxim Lod (named after former mayor
1223:
has lately been restored, and is used by the Greeks. Wells are found in the gardens...."
175:
4590:
4340:
A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology)
3823:
5101:
4671:
4665:
4636:
4309:
3745:
2691:
2294:
2190:
2141:
2094:
1738:
1697:
1515:
1301:, Israel captured Arab towns outside the area the UN had allotted it, including Lydda.
1264:
763:
66 CE. According to Josephus, " found the city deserted, for the entire population had
568:
483:
4626:
4090:
3604:
2551:
Lod (Lydda), Israel: from its origins through the Byzantine period, 5600 B.C.-640 A.D.
1813:
958:
occupied the city in 1099 and named it St Jorge de Lidde. It was briefly conquered by
736:, sold the inhabitants of Lod into slavery, but they were set free two years later by
5409:
5121:
4611:
4572:
4548:
4538:
4524:
4496:
4473:
4459:
4445:
4397:
4369:
4348:
4291:
4267:
4181:
4160:
4130:
4031:
3978:
3881:
3786:
3452:
3310:
2885:
2835:
2758:
2718:
2357:
2298:
2286:
2229:
2182:
2145:
2131:
2082:
2072:
1898:
1323:
1252:
939:
904:
801:
714:
681:
654:
538:
499:
190:
4544:
The Jews under Roman rule: From Pompey to Diocletian: A Study in Political Relations
4111:
Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine
3772:
Far-right Jewish groups and Arab youths claim streets of Lod as Israel loses control
3077:"Jindās: A History of Lydda's Rural Hinterland in the 15th to the 20th Centuries CE"
3004:
5429:
4750:
4021:
3381:, the Israeli Minister for Minority Affairs at the time, cited in Yacobi, 2009, p.
2278:
2221:
2123:
1788:
1418:
1390:
1260:
685:
4086:
3954:
2483:
1496:
863:; he was acquitted. In the sixth century, the city was renamed Georgiopolis after
4927:
4678:
4601:
4566:
4542:
4514:
4467:
4463:
4439:
4387:
4285:
4261:
4175:
4120:
4025:
3990:
3741:
3605:"Amid Gaza barrages, major rioting and chaos erupt in Lod; Mayor: It's civil war"
3378:
3329:
For one account, interspersed with interviews with IDF soldiers, see Ari Shavit,
3101:
1962:
1871:
1840:
1784:
1645:
1193:
1062:
986:
982:
943:
915:("Military District of Palaestina") before the seat of power was moved to nearby
908:
817:
572:
286:
269:
4252:
Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas
3927:
3157:
2950:
1925:
5579:
5524:
5459:
5454:
5414:
5404:
5096:
4932:
4845:
4231:
3964:
3790:
2884:. Palaestina antiqua (7) (2nd print ed.). Kampen: Kok Pharos. p. 54.
2664:
1341:
1155:
1058:
750:
673:
511:
4489:
3757:‘This is more than a reaction to rockets’: communal violence spreads in Israel
2282:
2115:
1531:
1041:
688:, enlarged the area under Jewish control, which included conquering the city.
5599:
5584:
5484:
5469:
5449:
5231:
5058:
4820:
4694:
4383:
3885:
3726:
3552:
3401:
3288:
Jews and Arabs Die As Palestine Disorders Continue; Arab Legion Kills 12 Jews
2290:
2233:
2209:
2186:
2127:
2086:
1856:
1500:
1096:
912:
718:
640:
545:
518:. Lod is not mentioned among the towns allocated to the tribe of Benjamin in
506:
by Shamed or Shamer (1 Chronicles 8:12; Ezra 2:33; Nehemiah 7:37; 11:35). In
503:
429:
377:
138:
125:
2415:
2225:
1386:
5610:
5569:
5564:
5399:
5394:
5318:
5257:
5079:
4957:
4922:
4835:
4755:
4305:
4281:
4148:
3993:
3974:
3787:
How Israeli police are colluding with settlers against Palestinian citizens
3775:
3760:
2372:
1886:
1718:
1550:
1482:
1400:
After the establishment of the state, the biblical name Lod was readopted.
1337:
1294:
1132:
1026:
971:
967:
935:
837:
794:
779:
666:
646:
526:
495:
475:
445:
414:
389:
381:
373:
277:
2715:
For the Freedom of Zion: the Great Revolt of Jews against Romans, 66-74 CE
2062:
1457:
306:
5499:
5378:
5373:
5358:
5226:
4902:
4892:
4825:
4805:
4795:
4105:
3547:
3449:
On whether what occurred in Lydda and Ramle constituted ethnic cleansing:
1892:
1877:
1834:
1822:
1766:
1378:
1297:
and one Arab; Lydda was to form part of the proposed Arab state. In the
1197:
1178:
1116:
1001:
Lydda with ruined church over the tomb of St George and adjacent mosque (
975:
790:
737:
733:
549:
449:
4628:
Zoubdat kachf el-mamâlik: tableau politique et administratif de l'Égypte
4095:(in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
2194:
2170:
985:
visited al-Ludd and stated it was part of the Jerusalem District during
5474:
5464:
5434:
5353:
5328:
5323:
4882:
4877:
4785:
4760:
4516:
Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem
4389:
The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: L-Z (excluding Tyre)
3514:
2068:
2032:
1828:
1792:
1778:
1128:
879:
868:
864:
848:
813:
793:, who was shut up there and died soon afterwards, permitted fasting on
3427:
Operation Dani and the Palestinian Exodus from Lydda and Ramle in 1948
2010:"Lod Newe Yarak: a roman pottery kiln and Pottery Neolithic A remains"
1304:
In December 1947, thirteen Jewish passengers in a seven-car convoy to
1065:, and in the 1550s, the revenues of Lydda were designated for the new
413:'). Tradition identifies Lod as the 4th century martyrdom site of
78:
5544:
5519:
5514:
5444:
5308:
5277:
5272:
5211:
5206:
5177:
4937:
4917:
4897:
4855:
4800:
4770:
4765:
4625:
al-Ẓāhirī, Khalīl Ibn Shāhīn, Ghars al-Dīn Khalīl ibn Shāhīn (1894).
4607:
4415:
2315:
1846:
1807:
1256:
1101:
786:
772:
754:
745:
677:
432:; however, a few decades later, the seat of power was transferred to
369:
358:
346:
4338:
4092:
Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine
3759:, Peter Beaumont, Quique Kierszenbaum and Sufian Taha, 13 May 2021,
3426:
3076:
2009:
1579:
467:. The city was largely resettled by Jewish immigrants, most of them
5559:
5509:
5424:
5348:
5343:
5262:
5247:
5185:
5074:
4952:
4912:
4887:
4745:
2853:"Why Lod, the other land of St George, isn't for the faint-hearted"
2562:
Amir Golani (2022) Early Bronze Age Remains at Tel Lod, 'Atiqot 108
1941:
1787:
played in the top division during the 1960s and 1980s, and won the
1774:
1710:
1478:
1186:
1182:
1074:
963:
955:
606:
598:
342:
66:
4603:
Goliath:The Jewish-Arab City: Spatio-politics in a mixed community
4060:(128). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
3837:"Lod Mosaic tells nearly 2,000-year-old story from ancient Israel"
3245:"Lod," 2 January 1949, IS archive Gimel/5/297 in Yacobi, 2009, p.
2703:
Josephus, "Jewish War", I, xi, 2; "Antiquities", XIV xii, pp. 2–5.
1359:, with the expulsion of 50,000-70,000 Palestinians from Lydda and
5534:
5494:
5439:
5282:
5252:
5221:
5132:
5045:
4815:
4790:
2789:
Ta'anit ii. 10; Yer. Ta'anit ii. 66a; Yer. Meg. i. 70d; R. H. 18b
1929:
1920:
1474:
1470:
1382:
1275:
1212:
1124:
1013:
brought Lydda again under Muslim control by 1267–8. According to
1010:
959:
920:
759:
722:
643:
441:
1105:
5554:
5539:
5504:
5489:
5419:
5313:
5201:
4947:
4942:
4907:
4830:
4729:
3631:"Arab politician warns Israel is 'on the brink of a civil war'"
1945:
1936:
1850:
1394:
1216:
1136:
1086:
1018:
778:
In the period following the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE,
768:
650:
636:
564:
534:
354:
168:
3442:
For the use of the term "ethnic cleansing", see, for example,
1355:
fleeing other areas made their way there. A key event was the
5574:
5549:
5529:
5368:
5363:
5303:
5298:
5267:
5216:
4962:
4840:
4810:
3956:
Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922
2122:, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 188–203,
1803:
1360:
1348:
1239:
1174:
1170:
1140:
1120:
1091:
1049:
1030:
916:
821:
669:, the city was a centre of Jewish scholarship and commerce.
433:
421:
located in the city is believed to have housed his remains.
235:
4595:. Vol. 2 (1 ed.). New York: Harper & brothers.
4143:
2949:
2260:
2258:
966:, it was a place of great significance as the birthplace of
567:
as the location of the battlefield where the false messiah (
548:, the town appears in its Greek form, Lydda, as the site of
3569:, The Jerusalem Post, 8 April 2010. Accessed 25 March 2020.
2671:. New York: Harper Collins 2002, p. 82; also see Josephus,
2033:"Lod | City, Israel, Palestine, & History | Britannica"
1109:
1066:
931:
in Ramla, al-Ludd lost its importance and fell into decay.
891:
602:
410:
385:
1267:
after the death of Israel's first prime minister in 1973.
365:
on the west. The city had a population of 85,351 in 2019.
2754:
Routledge Encyclopedia of Ancient Mediterranean Religions
2255:
510:, it is mentioned as one of the cities whose inhabitants
4044:
1843:(born 1997), Olympic champion and world champion gymnast
1546:(CBS), the population of Lod in 2010 was 69,500 people.
962:, but retaken by the Crusaders in 1191. For the English
463:, and most of its Arab inhabitants were expelled in the
388:
scholarship and trade. Around 200 CE, the city became a
3813:
Israel Central Bureau of Statistics Annual Report 2010.
3353:
The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949
2448:
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, "Lod; Lydda"
1412:
Lydda five months after Operation Danny. December 1948.
4287:
The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited
3824:
There's Art Outside of Tel Aviv, You Just Have to Look
3774:, Oliver Holmes and Quique Kierszenbaum, 15 May 2021,
804:
elevated the town to the status of a city, calling it
459:; however, in July 1948, the city was occupied by the
3661:"IDF enters Lod as city goes into emergency lockdown"
3580:"IDF enters Lod as city goes into emergency lockdown"
3400:, Vol. 27, No. 4 (Summer, 1998), pp. 80–98. See also
1465:
The Jewish immigrants who settled Lod came in waves,
1247:
From 1918, Lydda was under the administration of the
907:
in 636 CE, Lod which was referred to as "al-Ludd" in
840:, first mentioned about 530 by the pilgrim Theodosius
4259:
4173:
4122:
History of the Jewish People From Yavne to Pumbedisa
4114:. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre.
2669:
Dearest Auntie Flori: The Story of the Jewish People
2264:
1451:
Palmach 3 inch mortar in front of Lydda mosque. 1948
1073:
in Jerusalem, established by Hasseki Hurrem Sultan (
380:. Between the 5th century BCE and up until the late
300:
4472:(Illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press.
4458:
4174:Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977).
3738:
Arab-Jewish coexistence in Israel suddenly ruptured
3567:
Pushing for a better tomorrow in 8,000-year-old Lod
3331:
My Promised Land: The Triumph and Tragedy of Israel
2694:, Catholic-hierarchy.org. Accessed 1 November 2022.
2391:, Jerusaleminstitute.org. Accessed 1 November 2022.
1981:
1979:
1977:
1021:during the fourteenth and fifteenth century in the
238:(12.226 km or 4.720 sq mi)
4488:
3015:Moudjir ed-dyn, 1876, Sauvaire (translation), pp.
2265:Rabinowitz, Dan; Monterescu, Daniel (2008-05-01).
1795:) was established soon after, but folded in 2007.
1347:In 1948, the population rose to 50,000 during the
934:The city was visited by the local Arab geographer
4266:(Illustrated ed.). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
4027:La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations
3394:Spiro Munayyer, The Fall of Lydda( اللد لن تقع),
3333:. New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2013, pp. 99–132.
2717:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 169.
5597:
4469:Nakba: Palestine, 1948, and the claims of memory
3826:, Haaretz, 3 April 2012. Accessed 25 March 2020.
3683:
3257:
3255:
2868:The Madaba Mosaic Map, Jerusalem 1954, pp. 61–62
1974:
1688:Reception hall, Ben Gurion International Airport
627:North to the tell were scattered MB II burials.
3998:
3290:The Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 15 December 1947
2881:The Mosaic Map of Madaba: An Introductory Guide
1319:1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle
465:1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle
4724:
4568:War in Palestine, 1948: Strategy and diplomacy
4304:
3692:"Netanyahu declares state of emergency in Lod"
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
1385:by the Israeli army. Some scholars, including
949:
871:, who was born there between 256 and 285 CE.
5148:
4710:
4410:
4056:Gorzalczany, Amir; et al. (2016-05-09).
3952:
3916:
3355:. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
3252:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
2606:
2604:
1861:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
1437:Church of Saint George and Mosque of Al-Khadr
876:Church of Saint George and Mosque of Al-Khadr
743:During the First Jewish–Roman War, the Roman
583:
419:Church of Saint George and Mosque of Al-Khadr
4641:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4260:Monterescu, Daniel; Rabinowitz, Dan (2012).
3970:Goliath: Life and Loathing in Greater Israel
2832:Yoram Tsafrir, Leah Di Segni, Judith Green,
2352:, 2nd ed. Leiden: Brill, 1983, vol. 5, pp.
2271:International Journal of Middle East Studies
2116:"Art and efficacy in an icon of St George *"
1094:, which was under the administration of the
635:The earliest written record is in a list of
280:
43:
36:
4330:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund
4197:"An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine"
4055:
4014:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund
3059:
2988:
2420:Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins
2322:7 (1) (Spring 1995), pp. 9ff, 12–13, 16–17.
1958:Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel
1905:
1853:, Palestine, England, Russia, and Catalonia
1608:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1553:", and 23,642 people, comprising 30.6% as "
1285:In 1938, Lydda had a population of 12,750.
457:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
404:
393:
372:period. It is mentioned a few times in the
327:(colloquial Arabic), is a city 15 km (
5155:
5141:
4717:
4703:
4230:
4194:
3963:
3358:
3196:
3134:
2964:
2947:
2601:
2400:Exell, J. S. and Spencer-Jones, H. (eds),
1769:(the second division). Its home is at the
1017:, Lydda was an administrative centre of a
368:Lod has been inhabited since at least the
4624:
4537:
4437:
4248:
3874:"Polishing a Lost Gem to Dazzle Tourists"
3689:
3410:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3124:
3122:
2404:, biblehub.com. Accessed 8 February 2020.
2210:"The Origins of the Cult of Saint George"
1672:Learn how and when to remove this message
1057:In 1517, Lydda was incorporated into the
563:The city is also mentioned in an Islamic
345:and 40 km (25 mi) northwest of
4365:The Towns of Palestine Under Muslim Rule
4361:
4336:
4212:(3, 4): 155–173, 244–253. Archived from
4153:The Oxford companion to military history
3871:
3804:, archive.org. Accessed 1 November 2022.
3482:
1812:
1802:
1728:
1683:
1530:
1495:
1322:
1238:
1230:
1115:In 1051 AH/1641/2, the Bedouin tribe of
1048:
1040:
996:
890:
867:, a soldier in the guard of the emperor
843:
831:
695:
4585:
4382:
4020:
3532:Polishing a Lost Gem to Dazzle Tourists
3268:
3227:
3128:Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p.
3065:Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 154
2845:
2484:"Signs of the Appearance of the Dajjal"
2344:
2342:
2340:
2309:
2113:
1031:postal route between Cairo and Damascus
806:Colonia Lucia Septimia Severa Diospolis
489:
436:, and Lod slipped in importance. Under
5598:
4599:
4509:
4486:
4318:
4280:
4118:
4104:
4085:
3345:
3336:
3304:
3293:
3119:
2877:
2712:
2614:. Franciscan Cyberspot. Archived from
2207:
2168:
1733:Archaeologists working on mosaic floor
970:. The Crusaders made it the seat of a
886:
384:period, it was a prominent center for
5136:
4698:
4684:Survey of Western Palestine, Map 13:
4255:. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
4151:; Bellamy, C.; Bicheno, Hugh (2001).
3261:Monterescu and Rabinowitz, 2012, pp.
3074:
2750:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2647:
2645:
2589:Paz, Rosenberg and Nativ 2005:131–154
2531:Paz, Rosenberg and Nativ 2005:131–154
2413:
1989:. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
1701:were receiving an income supplement.
665:From the fifth century BCE until the
5636:Arab Christian communities in Israel
5631:Ancient Jewish settlements of Judaea
3541:
3388:
2960:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2851:Frenkel, Sheera and Low, Valentine.
2798:Pes. 50a; B. B. 10b; Eccl. R. ix. 10
2337:
2245:
2243:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2007:
1606:adding citations to reliable sources
1573:
5621:Cities in Central District (Israel)
4561:
3910:Archaeological Institute of America
3665:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com
3584:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com
3511:A Cyclopædia of Biblical literature
3309:. Spiegel & Grau. p. 128.
3233:Department of Statistics, 1945, p.
2580:Brink 1999, 2002; Brink et al. 2015
2522:Brink 1999, 2002, Brink et al. 2015
2513:Brink 1999, 2002, Brink et al. 2015
2402:Pulpit Commentary on 1 Chronicles 8
1544:Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
981:In 1226, Ayyubid Syrian geographer
827:
494:The Hebrew name Lod appears in the
357:. It is situated between the lower
290:
281:
273:
44:
37:
13:
5162:
4521:State University of New York Press
4368:. British Archaeological Reports.
2706:
2678:
2642:
1704:
1312:
1226:
1154:, though misplaced, on the map of
878:is named for him. The 6th-century
14:
5667:
4651:
4045:Department of Statistics (1945).
2948:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
2737:Michael Avi-Yonah, s.v. "Lydda,"
2240:
2050:
2016:
1798:
1108:. All of the revenue went to the
1036:
4854:
3898:
3865:
3847:
3829:
3816:
3807:
3795:
3780:
3765:
3750:
3704:from the original on 13 May 2021
3671:from the original on 13 May 2021
3641:from the original on 13 May 2021
3611:from the original on 11 May 2021
3274:Sa'di and Abu-Lughod, 2007, pp.
2751:Orlin, Eric (19 November 2015).
2553:. Tempus Reparatum, 1991, p. 39.
1935:
1919:
1761:The city's major football club,
1748:Lod Mosaic Archaeological Center
1721:art museum that focuses on Lod.
1578:
1456:
1444:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1084:By 1596 Lydda was a part of the
992:
660:
622:
161:
100:
93:
77:
65:
4048:Village Statistics, April, 1945
3945:
3872:Kershner, Isabel (2009-07-09).
3731:
3716:
3653:
3623:
3597:
3572:
3559:
3524:
3495:
3436:
3419:
3371:
3323:
3281:
3239:
3208:
3184:
3172:
3150:
3106:
3087:
3068:
3047:
3035:
3022:
3009:
2976:
2941:
2929:
2917:
2905:
2871:
2862:
2826:
2814:
2801:
2792:
2783:
2771:
2744:
2731:
2697:
2658:
2630:
2592:
2583:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2476:
2463:
2451:
2442:
2430:
2407:
2394:
2382:
2366:
2325:
1526:
753:, razed the town on his way to
672:According to British historian
591:
428:, Lod served as the capital of
4438:Rozenfeld, Ben Tsiyon (2010).
4290:. Cambridge University Press.
3926:. Piatra Neamţ. Archived from
3690:Schneider, Tal (11 May 2021).
2201:
2162:
2107:
2001:
1724:
938:in 985, when it was under the
630:
474:Today, Lod is one of Israel's
440:rule, the city was a Catholic
1:
5626:Catholic titular sees in Asia
3725:, Dalia Hatuqa, May 29 2021,
3475:Golani and Manna 2011, p. 107
3190:Barron, 1923, Table XIV, p.
3178:Barron, 1923, Table VII, p.
1968:
3397:Journal of Palestine Studies
2713:Rogers, Guy MacLean (2021).
2208:Walter, Christopher (1995).
2114:Mahoney, Lisa (2020-04-14),
1859:(1926–2008), founder of the
1743:Israel Antiquities Authority
1560:
1509:2021 Israel–Palestine crisis
1291:dividing Mandatory Palestine
1278:. This had increased by the
1249:British Mandate in Palestine
901:Muslim conquest of Palestine
691:
525:The name Lod derives from a
469:expelled from Arab countries
259:7,000/km (18,000/sq mi)
7:
3953:Barron, J. B., ed. (1923).
3924:"Piatra Neamţ – Twin Towns"
3906:"Current Projects Archives"
3859:www.iaa-conservation.org.il
3789:, Oren Ziv, May 13, 2021,
3416:Holmes et al., 2001, p. 64.
2741:. Accessed 1 November 2022.
2612:"Excursions in Terra Santa"
2214:Revue des études byzantines
2171:"St. George as Intercessor"
1951:
1741:conducted on behalf of the
1481:, and then from the former
1377: mi) to the Jordanian
1209:Survey of Western Palestine
950:Crusader and Ayyubid period
717:, and again in the days of
571:) will be slain before the
426:Arab conquest of the Levant
307:
301:
101:
10:
5672:
4681:, Jewish Agency for Israel
4394:Cambridge University Press
4242:Palestine Exploration Fund
4205:Israel Exploration Journal
4051:. Government of Palestine.
3959:. Government of Palestine.
3802:Palestine Exploration Fund
3507:Historical sites in Israel
1569:
1327:View of a Lod street, 2005
1316:
1205:Palestine Exploration Fund
974:diocese, and it remains a
700:Depiction of Lydda in the
584:Neolithic and Chalcolithic
578:
399:
320:
207:(Canaanite/Israelite town)
15:
5651:Mixed Israeli communities
5606:Central District (Israel)
5387:
5291:
5240:
5194:
5170:
5088:
5067:
5044:
4971:
4863:
4852:
4736:
4362:Petersen, Andrew (2005).
4337:Petersen, Andrew (2001).
3855:"Projects - Preservation"
3519:William Lindsay Alexander
3075:Marom, Roy (2022-11-01).
2767:– via Google Books.
2283:10.1017/S0020743808080513
1756:
1255:decree that followed the
1123:attacked the villages of
925:Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik
911:served as the capital of
255:
247:
242:
230:
225:
217:
212:
196:
186:
174:
154:
119:
88:
73:
64:
55:
28:
4308:(1876). Sauvaire (ed.).
4155:(Illustrated ed.).
3469:Schwartzwald 2012, p. 63
3404:'s diaries, quoted here
2878:Donner, Herbert (1995).
2348:M. Sharon, s.v. "Ludd,"
2128:10.4324/9781351185592-11
2071:. 2018. pp. 77–85.
1906:Twin towns-sister cities
1513:Prime Minister of Israel
1439:, after the battle. 1948
1306:Ben Shemen Youth Village
1272:1922 census of Palestine
1150:The village appeared as
1079:Suleiman the Magnificent
919:during the reign of the
732:, the Roman governor of
4487:Shahin, Mariam (2005).
4424:. Vol. 3. Boston:
4345:Oxford University Press
4249:Mills, E., ed. (1932).
4157:Oxford University Press
4012:. Vol. 2. London:
2673:Antiquities of the Jews
2653:Encyclopædia Britannica
2471:Encyclopædia Britannica
2226:10.3406/rebyz.1995.1911
1901:(born 1975), politician
1895:(born 1979), footballer
1389:, characterize this as
820:is Aëtius, a friend of
341: mi) southeast of
5339:Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut
5107:Judea and Samaria Area
5054:Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut
4781:Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut
4426:Crocker & Brewster
4073:Cite journal requires
3377:The figure comes from
2540:Yannai and Marder 2000
2504:Yannai and Marder 2000
2169:Howell, David (1969).
2099:: CS1 maint: others (
1818:
1810:
1734:
1689:
1536:
1504:
1328:
1244:
1236:
1054:
1046:
1006:
896:
852:
841:
711:First Jewish-Roman War
705:
639:towns drawn up by the
394:
4600:Yacobi, Haim (2009).
4571:. London: Routledge.
4119:Holder, Meir (1986).
4058:"Lod, the Lod Mosaic"
3459:Spangler 2015, p. 156
3081:Lod, Lydda, Diospolis
3028:al-Ẓāhirī, 1894, pp.
2982:Le Strange, 1890, p.
2957:Catholic Encyclopedia
2923:Le Strange, 1890, p.
2911:Le Strange, 1890, p.
2809:Encyclopaedia Judaica
2739:Encyclopaedia Judaica
2350:Encyclopedia of Islam
2331:Blumenthal, 2013, p.
2249:Le Strange, 1890, p.
2008:Commenge, Catherine.
1987:"Regional Statistics"
1816:
1806:
1771:Lod Municipal Stadium
1732:
1687:
1534:
1499:
1333:Israel Defense Forces
1326:
1293:into two states, one
1242:
1234:
1071:Hasseki Sultan Imaret
1052:
1044:
1003:Konrad von Grünenberg
1000:
894:
859:was held here to try
855:In December 415, the
847:
835:
816:. The earliest known
721:and the start of the
699:
502:, founded along with
461:Israel Defense Forces
139:31.95194°N 34.88806°E
5646:New Testament cities
4668:Palestine Remembered
4127:Mesorah Publications
3305:Shavit, Ari (2013).
3158:"Ben Gurion Airport"
3147:Shahin, 2005, p. 260
2935:Le Strange, 1890 p.
2820:Smallwood, 2001, p.
2636:Rozenfeld, 2010, p.
2549:Schwartz, Joshua J.
2120:The Eloquence of Art
1883:Suhell Nafar, rapper
1866:Eliezer ben Hurcanus
1602:improve this section
1520:Israel Border Police
1221:The Crusading church
857:Council of Diospolis
769:Feast of Tabernacles
765:gone up to Jerusalem
702:Umm ar-Rasas mosaics
558:Acts 9:32–38
527:tri-consonental root
516:Babylonian captivity
490:Religious references
361:on the east and the
256: • Density
202:(Initial settlement)
18:Lod (disambiguation)
16:For other uses, see
5641:Hebrew Bible cities
5093:Other sub-divisions
4495:. Interlink Books.
4240:. Committee of the
4195:Karmon, Y. (1960).
3930:on 16 November 2009
3843:. 21 February 2013.
3697:The Times of Israel
3607:. Times of Israel.
3453:Morris 2008, p. 408
3431:Middle East Journal
3342:Tal, 2004, p. 311.
3223:. 1938. p. 59.
3112:Thomson, 1859, pp.
3053:Petersen, 2005, p.
3003:Petersen, 2001, p.
2414:Marom, Roy (2023).
1880:(born 1979), rapper
1831:(born 1963), singer
1777:and Maccabi Lod in
1503:in Lod, 11 May 2021
1340:estimated 400, and
1270:At the time of the
1090:("subdistrict") of
887:Early Muslim period
800:In 200 CE, emperor
135: /
5102:Jerusalem District
4677:2008-12-01 at the
4491:Palestine: A Guide
3878:The New York Times
3746:The New York Times
3556:, 14 October 2010.
3217:Village Statistics
3100:2019-12-22 at the
2970:Pringle, 1998, p.
2618:on 23 October 2012
2486:. Missionislam.com
2320:History and Memory
1849:, Patron Saint of
1837:(born 1984), actor
1819:
1811:
1735:
1690:
1537:
1516:Benjamin Netanyahu
1505:
1329:
1265:Ben Gurion Airport
1245:
1237:
1167:William M. Thomson
1145:Waqf Haseki Sultan
1055:
1047:
1007:
897:
853:
842:
706:
569:al-Masih ad-Dajjal
484:Ben Gurion Airport
248: • Total
231: • Total
218: • Mayor
144:31.95194; 34.88806
5656:Tribe of Benjamin
5593:
5592:
5410:Baqa al-Gharbiyye
5182:
5130:
5129:
5122:Tel Aviv District
5117:Southern District
5112:Northern District
4973:Regional councils
4690:Wikimedia commons
4617:978-1-134-06584-4
4578:978-0-7146-5275-7
4554:978-0-391-04155-4
4547:. Leiden: Brill.
4530:978-0-7914-5352-0
4502:978-1-56656-557-8
4479:978-0-231-13579-5
4451:978-90-04-17838-0
4403:978-0-521-39037-8
4375:978-1-84171-821-7
4354:978-0-19-727011-0
4297:978-0-521-00967-6
4273:978-1-4094-8746-3
4187:978-3-920405-41-4
4166:978-0-19-866209-9
4136:978-0-89906-499-4
4037:978-0-86054-905-5
3984:978-1-56858-634-2
3501:Yacobi, 2009, p.
3488:Yacobi, 2009, p.
3433:40 (1986), p. 88.
3364:Morris, 2004, p.
3093:Karmon, 1960, p.
3041:Singer, 2002, p.
2891:978-90-390-0011-3
2840:978-965-208-107-0
2777:Holder, 1986, p.
2764:978-1-134-62559-8
2724:978-0-300-24813-5
2457:Palmer, 1881, p.
2362:978-90-04-07164-3
2137:978-1-351-18559-2
2078:978-3-11-022219-7
1899:Sami Abu Shehadeh
1713:held an exhibit,
1682:
1681:
1674:
1656:
1542:According to the
1357:Lydda Death March
1253:League of Nations
940:Fatimid Caliphate
895:Khan el-Hilu, Lod
802:Septimius Severus
715:Bar Kokhba revolt
684:and his brother,
682:Jonathan Maccabee
531:Northwest Semitic
448:and it remains a
408:
311:), also known as
299:
263:
262:
208:
203:
191:Ramla Subdistrict
5663:
5480:Ma'alot-Tarshiha
5180:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5134:
5133:
4858:
4726:Central District
4719:
4712:
4705:
4696:
4695:
4662:
4646:
4640:
4632:
4621:
4596:
4582:
4558:
4539:Smallwood, E. M.
4534:
4506:
4494:
4483:
4455:
4429:
4407:
4392:. Vol. II.
4379:
4358:
4333:
4315:
4301:
4277:
4256:
4245:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4218:
4201:
4191:
4170:
4140:
4115:
4096:
4082:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4061:
4052:
4041:
4017:
4004:Kitchener, H. H.
3988:
3960:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3833:
3827:
3820:
3814:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3784:
3778:
3769:
3763:
3754:
3748:
3744:, May 13, 2021,
3735:
3729:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3576:
3570:
3563:
3557:
3545:
3539:
3528:
3522:
3499:
3493:
3486:
3480:
3440:
3434:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3408:
3392:
3386:
3375:
3369:
3362:
3356:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3334:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3307:My Promised Land
3302:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3272:
3266:
3259:
3250:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3212:
3206:
3202:Mills, 1932, p.
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3160:. Jerusalem Post
3154:
3148:
3145:
3132:
3126:
3117:
3110:
3104:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3026:
3020:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2860:
2859:, 23 April 2009.
2849:
2843:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2748:
2742:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2676:
2662:
2656:
2649:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2608:
2599:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2554:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2480:
2474:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2440:
2437:Bible Dictionary
2434:
2428:
2427:
2411:
2405:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2370:
2364:
2346:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2262:
2253:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2098:
2090:
2059:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2029:
2014:
2013:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1983:
1940:
1939:
1924:
1923:
1677:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1614:
1582:
1574:
1460:
1448:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1391:ethnic cleansing
1376:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1261:Second World War
1198:1921 Jaffa riots
1100:("district") of
1045:Lod, c.1890-1900
828:Byzantine period
704:, 8th century CE
686:Simon Maccabaeus
406:
403:
401:
398:(Ancient Greek:
397:
392:and was renamed
351:Central District
340:
339:
335:
332:
322:
310:
304:
294:
292:
284:
283:
275:
206:
201:
167:
165:
164:
150:
149:
147:
146:
145:
140:
136:
133:
132:
131:
128:
104:
103:
97:
81:
69:
47:
46:
40:
39:
26:
25:
5671:
5670:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5383:
5287:
5241:100,000–199,999
5236:
5195:200,000–299,999
5190:
5166:
5161:
5131:
5126:
5084:
5063:
5040:
4967:
4859:
4850:
4732:
4723:
4679:Wayback Machine
4660:
4654:
4649:
4634:
4633:
4618:
4579:
4555:
4531:
4503:
4480:
4452:
4404:
4376:
4355:
4343:. Vol. 1.
4298:
4274:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4199:
4188:
4167:
4137:
4074:
4072:
4063:
4062:
4038:
3985:
3948:
3943:
3933:
3931:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3890:
3888:
3870:
3866:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3822:Neta Halperin,
3821:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3800:
3796:
3785:
3781:
3770:
3766:
3755:
3751:
3742:Isabel Kershner
3736:
3732:
3721:
3717:
3707:
3705:
3688:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3644:
3642:
3637:. 13 May 2021.
3629:
3628:
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3612:
3603:
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3598:
3588:
3586:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3564:
3560:
3546:
3542:
3529:
3525:
3513:: Volume 2, by
3500:
3496:
3487:
3483:
3441:
3437:
3425:Morris, Benny "
3424:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3393:
3389:
3379:Bechor Sheetrit
3376:
3372:
3363:
3359:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3303:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3273:
3269:
3260:
3253:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3228:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3189:
3185:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3135:
3127:
3120:
3111:
3107:
3102:Wayback Machine
3092:
3088:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3052:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3027:
3023:
3014:
3010:
3002:
2989:
2981:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2946:
2942:
2934:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2850:
2846:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2811:, 1972, p. 619.
2806:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2765:
2749:
2745:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2690:
2679:
2665:Gilbert, Martin
2663:
2659:
2650:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2468:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2435:
2431:
2412:
2408:
2399:
2395:
2389:Uploads (p. 18)
2387:
2383:
2371:
2367:
2347:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2314:
2310:
2263:
2256:
2248:
2241:
2206:
2202:
2167:
2163:
2150:
2148:
2138:
2112:
2108:
2092:
2091:
2079:
2061:
2060:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2030:
2017:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1975:
1971:
1963:Operation Danny
1954:
1934:
1918:
1908:
1889:, Talmudic sage
1874:, Talmudic sage
1872:Joshua ben Levi
1868:, Talmudic sage
1841:Artem Dolgopyat
1825:, Talmudic sage
1801:
1763:Hapoel Bnei Lod
1759:
1727:
1707:
1705:Art and culture
1678:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1615:
1613:
1599:
1583:
1572:
1563:
1551:Jews and Others
1529:
1461:
1452:
1449:
1440:
1434:
1425:
1422:
1413:
1410:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1321:
1315:
1313:State of Israel
1229:
1227:British Mandate
1194:railway station
1077:), the wife of
1063:Damascus Eyalet
1061:as part of the
1039:
995:
983:Yaqut al-Hamawi
952:
889:
830:
694:
663:
633:
625:
594:
586:
581:
573:Day of Judgment
520:Joshua 18:11–28
492:
337:
333:
330:
328:
278:fully vocalized
204:
162:
160:
143:
141:
137:
134:
129:
126:
124:
122:
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113:
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84:
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60:
51:
50:
31:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
5669:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5580:Yehud-Monosson
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5525:Ramat HaSharon
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5460:Kiryat Motzkin
5457:
5455:Kiryat Malakhi
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
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5371:
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5204:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5167:
5164:Israeli cities
5160:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5137:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5097:Haifa District
5089:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5050:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4933:Mazkeret Batya
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4869:
4867:
4865:Local councils
4861:
4860:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4846:Yehud-Monosson
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
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4753:
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4722:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4682:
4669:
4663:
4653:
4652:External links
4650:
4648:
4647:
4622:
4616:
4597:
4587:Thomson, W. M.
4583:
4577:
4559:
4553:
4535:
4529:
4507:
4501:
4484:
4478:
4464:Abu-Lughod, L.
4456:
4450:
4435:
4408:
4402:
4380:
4374:
4359:
4353:
4334:
4316:
4306:Moudjir ed-dyn
4302:
4296:
4278:
4272:
4257:
4246:
4232:Le Strange, G.
4228:
4192:
4186:
4171:
4165:
4141:
4135:
4116:
4102:
4083:
4075:|journal=
4053:
4042:
4036:
4018:
3996:
3983:
3965:Blumenthal, M.
3961:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3915:
3897:
3864:
3846:
3828:
3815:
3806:
3794:
3779:
3764:
3749:
3730:
3715:
3682:
3652:
3635:news.yahoo.com
3622:
3596:
3571:
3565:Ron Friedman,
3558:
3540:
3538:. 8 July 2009.
3536:New York Times
3523:
3494:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3461:: "During the
3456:
3450:
3435:
3418:
3409:
3387:
3370:
3357:
3344:
3335:
3322:
3316:978-0385521703
3315:
3292:
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3267:
3251:
3238:
3226:
3207:
3195:
3183:
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3008:
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2904:
2890:
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2861:
2844:
2825:
2813:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2770:
2763:
2743:
2730:
2723:
2705:
2696:
2677:
2657:
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2582:
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2542:
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2429:
2406:
2393:
2381:
2365:
2336:
2324:
2308:
2277:(2): 208–210.
2254:
2239:
2220:(1): 295–326.
2200:
2161:
2136:
2106:
2077:
2049:
2037:britannica.com
2015:
2000:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1932:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1875:
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1863:
1854:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1800:
1799:Notable people
1797:
1758:
1755:
1726:
1723:
1709:In 2009-2010,
1706:
1703:
1680:
1679:
1586:
1584:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1528:
1525:
1501:Israeli forces
1463:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1443:
1441:
1435:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1404:
1342:Nimr al Khatib
1317:Main article:
1314:
1311:
1228:
1225:
1156:Pierre Jacotin
1059:Ottoman Empire
1038:
1037:Ottoman period
1035:
994:
991:
951:
948:
905:Amr ibn al-'As
888:
885:
829:
826:
751:Cestius Gallus
693:
690:
674:Martin Gilbert
662:
659:
632:
629:
624:
621:
593:
590:
585:
582:
580:
577:
552:'s healing of
533:, but only in
529:not extant in
491:
488:
424:Following the
261:
260:
257:
253:
252:
249:
245:
244:
240:
239:
232:
228:
227:
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
210:
209:
200:5600–5250 BCE
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
172:
171:
158:
152:
151:
117:
116:
107:
106:
99:
98:
92:
91:
90:
89:
86:
85:
76:
75:
74:
71:
70:
62:
61:
56:
53:
52:
49:
48:
41:
33:
32:
29:
23:City in Israel
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5668:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5586:
5585:Yokneam Illit
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
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5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
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5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5485:Migdal HaEmek
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5470:Kiryat Shmona
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5450:Kiryat Bialik
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5430:Giv'at Shmuel
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5388:15,000–49,999
5386:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
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5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5292:50,000–99,999
5290:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5233:
5232:Rishon LeZion
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5193:
5187:
5184:
5179:
5176:
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5173:
5169:
5165:
5158:
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5151:
5146:
5144:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5060:
5059:Neve Monosson
5057:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5011:Hevel Modi'in
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
5001:Drom HaSharon
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
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4924:
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4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4873:Be'er Ya'akov
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4857:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4821:Rishon LeZion
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4751:Giv'at Shmuel
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4720:
4715:
4713:
4708:
4706:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4644:
4638:
4630:
4629:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4598:
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4593:
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4570:
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4546:
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4526:
4522:
4518:
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4508:
4504:
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4485:
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4471:
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4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4447:
4443:
4442:
4436:
4433:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4320:Palmer, E. H.
4317:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4229:
4219:on 2019-12-22
4215:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4158:
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4146:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4128:
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4123:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4094:
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4088:
4084:
4080:
4067:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4001:
4000:Conder, C. R.
3997:
3995:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3868:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3825:
3819:
3810:
3803:
3798:
3792:
3791:+972 Magazine
3788:
3783:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3727:The Intercept
3724:
3719:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3686:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3626:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3568:
3562:
3555:
3554:
3553:The Economist
3549:
3544:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3491:
3485:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3439:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3413:
3406:
3403:
3402:Yitzhak Rabin
3399:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3367:
3361:
3354:
3348:
3339:
3332:
3326:
3318:
3312:
3308:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3289:
3284:
3277:
3271:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3219:
3218:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3159:
3153:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3090:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3031:
3025:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2959:
2958:
2952:
2951:"Lydda"
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2893:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2874:
2865:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2810:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2766:
2760:
2757:. Routledge.
2756:
2755:
2747:
2740:
2734:
2726:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2700:
2693:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2639:
2633:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2552:
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2485:
2479:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2445:
2438:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2334:
2328:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2259:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2011:
2004:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1973:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1857:George Habash
1855:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1805:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1731:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1694:Jewish Agency
1686:
1676:
1673:
1665:
1662:November 2022
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623: –
1622:
1618:
1617:Find sources:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1587:This section
1585:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1535:Al Nur Mosque
1533:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1477:, later from
1476:
1472:
1468:
1459:
1454:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1353:Arab refugees
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1325:
1320:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1259:. During the
1258:
1254:
1250:
1241:
1233:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1203:In 1882, the
1201:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1143:belonging to
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1051:
1043:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1004:
999:
993:Mamluk period
990:
988:
984:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
947:
945:
941:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
913:Jund Filastin
910:
906:
902:
893:
884:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
850:
846:
839:
834:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
783:
781:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:
756:
752:
748:
747:
741:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
719:Judah ha-Nasi
716:
712:
703:
698:
689:
687:
683:
679:
676:, during the
675:
670:
668:
661:Classical era
658:
656:
652:
648:
645:
642:
638:
628:
623:Middle Bronze
620:
617:
614:
610:
608:
604:
600:
589:
576:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:New Testament
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
498:as a town of
497:
487:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
453:
452:to this day.
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:Jund Filastin
427:
422:
420:
416:
412:
409:'city of
396:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:New Testament
375:
371:
366:
364:
363:coastal plain
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
326:
318:
317:Ancient Greek
314:
309:
303:
297:
288:
279:
271:
267:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
237:
233:
229:
224:
220:
216:
211:
199:
195:
192:
189:
185:
182:
179:
177:
173:
170:
159:
157:
153:
148:
120:Coordinates:
118:
96:
87:
80:
72:
68:
63:
59:
54:
42:
35:
34:
27:
19:
5570:Tirat Carmel
5333:
5319:Hod HaSharon
5258:Beit Shemesh
5181:(East, West)
5092:
5080:Sharon plain
5026:Lev HaSharon
5021:Hof HaSharon
5006:Hefer Valley
4958:Kadima-Zoran
4928:Kokhav Ya'ir
4923:Kiryat Ekron
4775:
4756:Hod HaSharon
4658:City council
4631:. E. Leroux.
4627:
4602:
4591:
4567:
4543:
4515:
4490:
4468:
4460:Sa'di, A. H.
4440:
4420:
4412:Robinson, E.
4388:
4364:
4339:
4324:
4310:
4286:
4262:
4251:
4236:
4221:. Retrieved
4214:the original
4209:
4203:
4176:
4152:
4149:Strachan, H.
4121:
4110:
4091:
4066:cite journal
4047:
4026:
4008:
3994:Google Books
3975:Nation Books
3968:
3955:
3946:Bibliography
3934:27 September
3932:. Retrieved
3928:the original
3918:
3909:
3900:
3889:. Retrieved
3877:
3867:
3858:
3849:
3840:
3831:
3818:
3809:
3797:
3782:
3776:The Guardian
3767:
3761:The Guardian
3752:
3733:
3718:
3706:. Retrieved
3695:
3685:
3673:. Retrieved
3664:
3655:
3643:. Retrieved
3634:
3625:
3613:. Retrieved
3599:
3587:. Retrieved
3583:
3574:
3561:
3551:
3548:Pulled Apart
3543:
3535:
3526:
3510:
3506:
3497:
3484:
3462:
3438:
3430:
3421:
3412:
3395:
3390:
3373:
3360:
3352:
3347:
3338:
3330:
3325:
3306:
3283:
3270:
3241:
3229:
3216:
3210:
3198:
3186:
3174:
3162:. Retrieved
3152:
3108:
3089:
3080:
3070:
3061:
3049:
3037:
3024:
3011:
2978:
2966:
2955:
2943:
2931:
2919:
2907:
2895:. Retrieved
2880:
2873:
2864:
2856:
2847:
2833:
2828:
2816:
2808:
2807:Cecil Roth,
2803:
2794:
2785:
2773:
2753:
2746:
2738:
2733:
2714:
2708:
2699:
2672:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2616:the original
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2550:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2488:. Retrieved
2478:
2470:
2465:
2453:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2396:
2384:
2375:, 2004, pp.
2368:
2327:
2319:
2311:
2302:
2274:
2270:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2156:
2149:, retrieved
2119:
2109:
2063:
2040:. Retrieved
2036:
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1926:Piatra Neamț
1909:
1887:Rabbi Tarfon
1783:
1760:
1752:
1736:
1719:Petach Tikva
1715:Georgeopolis
1714:
1708:
1691:
1668:
1659:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1616:
1600:Please help
1588:
1564:
1548:
1541:
1538:
1527:Demographics
1506:
1490:
1487:
1483:Soviet Union
1464:
1399:
1346:
1338:Aref al Aref
1330:
1303:
1295:Jewish state
1287:
1284:
1269:
1246:
1208:
1202:
1191:
1164:
1158:compiled in
1151:
1149:
1139:, Lydda and
1119:from around
1114:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1056:
1027:Mujir al-Din
1008:
980:
972:Latin Church
968:Saint George
953:
936:al-Muqaddasi
933:
929:White Mosque
898:
873:
854:
838:Saint George
809:
805:
799:
784:
780:Rabbi Tarfon
777:
758:
744:
742:
727:
707:
671:
667:Roman period
664:
647:Thutmose III
634:
626:
618:
615:
611:
595:
592:Early Bronze
587:
562:
543:
524:
496:Hebrew Bible
493:
476:mixed cities
473:
454:
446:Latin Church
423:
415:Saint George
390:Roman colony
374:Hebrew Bible
367:
324:
312:
265:
264:
234:12,226
5616:Holy cities
5500:Nof HaGalil
5415:Beit She'an
5379:Umm al-Fahm
5374:Rosh HaAyin
5227:Petah Tikva
5031:Nahal Sorek
5016:Hevel Yavne
4903:Ganei Tikva
4893:Even Yehuda
4826:Rosh HaAyin
4796:Petah Tikva
4672:Lydda (Lod)
4661:(in Hebrew)
4384:Pringle, D.
4022:Dauphin, C.
3164:11 November
2622:22 February
2571:Keplan 1977
2181:: 121–136.
1893:Salim Tuama
1878:Tamer Nafar
1835:Oshri Cohen
1823:Rabbi Akiva
1817:Oshri Cohen
1767:Liga Leumit
1765:, plays in
1739:salvage dig
1725:Archaeology
1424:Lydda, 1948
1379:Arab Legion
1299:ensuing war
1280:1931 census
1251:, as per a
1243:Lydda, 1932
1235:Lydda, 1920
1179:pomegranate
1165:Missionary
1133:al-Sāfiriya
1117:al-Sawālima
1053:Lydda, 1903
1015:Qalqashandi
976:titular see
808:. The name
791:Gamaliel II
785:During the
738:Mark Antony
631:Late Bronze
450:titular see
376:and in the
221:Yair Revivo
187:Subdistrict
142: /
5600:Categories
5475:Kiryat Yam
5465:Kiryat Ono
5435:Kafr Qasim
5354:Ness Ziona
5329:Kiryat Gat
5324:Kiryat Ata
4883:Bnei Ayish
4878:Beit Dagan
4786:Ness Ziona
4761:Kafr Qasim
4519:. Albany:
4511:Singer, A.
4282:Morris, B.
4223:2017-09-09
4145:Holmes, R.
4106:Hadawi, S.
4087:Guérin, V.
3991:Profile at
3891:2024-02-25
3841:Penn Today
3515:John Kitto
3444:Pappé 2006
2598:Segal 2012
2069:de Gruyter
1969:References
1829:Etti Ankri
1808:Etti Ankri
1793:Maxim Levy
1785:Hapoel Lod
1779:Liga Gimel
1632:newspapers
1518:to deploy
1395:immigrated
1387:Ilan Pappé
1129:Bayt Dajan
944:Antichrist
899:After the
880:Madaba map
869:Diocletian
865:St. George
849:Madaba Map
775:in 68 CE.
749:of Syria,
728:In 43 BC,
541:period).
539:Achaemenid
514:after the
478:, with an
243:Population
213:Government
130:34°53′17″E
5545:Shefa-Amr
5520:Qalansawe
5515:Or Yehuda
5445:Kfar Yona
5309:Givatayim
5278:Ramat Gan
5273:Kfar Saba
5212:Bnei Brak
5207:Beersheba
5178:Jerusalem
4986:Gan Raveh
4938:Pardesiya
4918:Kafr Bara
4898:Gan Yavne
4801:Qalansawe
4771:Kfar Yona
4766:Kfar Saba
4637:cite book
4608:Routledge
4444:. BRILL.
4416:Smith, E.
3886:0362-4331
2857:The Times
2439:, "Lydda"
2299:162633906
2291:1471-6380
2234:0766-5598
2187:0378-2506
2175:Byzantion
2146:218824016
2095:cite book
2087:663773367
1847:St George
1789:State Cup
1717:, at the
1589:does not
1561:Education
1491:Economist
1257:Great War
964:Crusaders
956:Crusaders
814:Christian
810:Diospolis
787:Kitos War
773:Vespasian
755:Jerusalem
746:proconsul
692:Roman era
678:Hasmonean
637:Canaanite
508:Ezra 2:33
400:Διόσπολις
395:Diospolis
370:Neolithic
359:Shephelah
347:Jerusalem
296:romanized
205:1465 BCE
127:31°57′7″N
5560:Tiberias
5510:Or Akiva
5359:Ra'anana
5349:Nazareth
5344:Nahariya
5263:Herzliya
5248:Ashkelon
5186:Tel Aviv
5171:300,000+
5075:Gush Dan
5068:See also
5046:Boroughs
5036:Sdot Dan
4953:Tel Mond
4913:Jaljulia
4888:Elyakhin
4806:Ra'anana
4675:Archived
4589:(1859).
4565:(2004).
4541:(2001).
4513:(2002).
4466:(2007).
4418:(1841).
4386:(1998).
4322:(1881).
4284:(2004).
4234:(1890).
4108:(1970).
4089:(1875).
4024:(1998).
4006:(1882).
3967:(2013).
3702:Archived
3669:Archived
3639:Archived
3609:Archived
3098:Archived
3083:: 13–14.
2897:25 March
2490:12 March
2195:44169945
1993:21 March
1952:See also
1942:Kraljevo
1775:Liga Bet
1711:Dor Guez
1479:Ethiopia
1187:sycamore
1183:mulberry
1075:Roxelana
1025:empire.
861:Pelagius
836:Tomb of
795:Ḥanukkah
767:for the
713:and the
680:period,
655:1465 BCE
641:Egyptian
607:Tel Aviv
599:Tel Afeq
512:returned
500:Benjamin
438:Crusader
343:Tel Aviv
176:District
5535:Sakhnin
5495:Netivot
5440:Karmiel
5283:Rehovot
5253:Bat Yam
5222:Netanya
4991:Gederot
4981:Brenner
4816:Rehovot
4791:Netanya
4666:al-Lydd
4563:Tal, D.
2675:14: 208
2655:, 2009.
2651:"Lod,"
2469:"Lod,"
2151:27 June
2042:25 June
1930:Romania
1912:twinned
1910:Lod is
1646:scholar
1610:removed
1595:sources
1570:Economy
1507:In the
1475:Tunisia
1471:Morocco
1372:⁄
1344:1,700.
1276:Melkite
1215:of the
1213:minaret
1125:Subṭāra
1011:Baybars
1009:Sultan
987:Ayyubid
960:Saladin
923:Caliph
921:Umayyad
760:Tishrei
730:Cassius
723:Amoraim
644:pharaoh
579:History
544:In the
444:of the
442:diocese
407:
349:in the
336:⁄
308:al-Ludd
302:al-Lidd
298::
197:Founded
181:Central
156:Country
5555:Tayibe
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5505:Ofakim
5490:Nesher
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5405:Arraba
5314:Hadera
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3645:13 May
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909:Arabic
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386:Jewish
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291:اللِّد
287:Arabic
270:Hebrew
251:85,351
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166:
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4841:Yavne
4811:Ramla
4746:El'ad
4217:(PDF)
4200:(PDF)
3463:Nakba
3221:(PDF)
2692:Lydda
2379:-461.
2295:S2CID
2191:JSTOR
2142:S2CID
1653:JSTOR
1639:books
1621:"Lod"
1469:from
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321:Λύδδα
313:Lydda
276:, or
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4643:link
4612:ISBN
4573:ISBN
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4446:ISBN
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4161:ISBN
4131:ISBN
4097:(p.
4079:help
4032:ISBN
3979:ISBN
3936:2009
3882:ISSN
3710:2021
3677:2021
3647:2021
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3591:2021
3311:ISBN
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3265:-17.
3166:2021
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2183:ISSN
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