London Wall - Knowledge

4337: 1675: 29: 1388: 1453: 1023: 1380: 1619: 2488: 2459: 1563: 2672: 2561: 2509: 2480: 2451: 2351: 2283: 2184: 2088: 2430: 2359: 1372: 911: 1864: 1979: 2620: 2601:'Prior to the construction of the western section of the road London Wall in 1959, excavations revealed the west gate of the Roman fort, built c AD 120. It had twin entrance ways flanked on either side by square towers. Only the northern tower can now be seen. It provided a guardroom and access to the sentry walk along the Wall. Large blocks of sandstone formed the base, some weighing over half a ton (500 kg). The remaining masonry consisted of ragstone brought from Kent. The guardroom opened on to a gravel road, spanning the gates. Each passage was wide enough for a cart and had a pair of heavy wooden doors. 1316: 2422: 810: 52: 45: 227: 4257: 1223: 823: 5252: 317: 5312: 550: 980: 4313: 4274: 5444: 1047: 4240: 1055: 2407:

within a hundred years the whole area had been laid out with walks and avenues of trees. In 1672 Moorgate was rebuilt as an imposing ceremonial entrance. This was demolished to improve traffic access in 1761. The City Wall to the east became incorporated into the Bethlehem Hospital (Bedlam) for the insane. This long stretch of the Wall was finally demolished in 1817.

648: 1034:. Within the grounds of the Tower remains of the eastern most wall can still be seen along with a line in the paths heading North within the Tower grounds to outline where it used to run before most of it was demolished to expand the fortification of the Tower. This followed on with a junction at the Tower of London's moat to the 2330:

Outside the Wall were wooden tenter frames used for stretching newly woven cloth (the origin of the phrase 'to be on tenter hooks'). A gun foundry can also be seen near St Botolph's Church at the end of Houndsditch. Beyond were open fields (Spital Fields) stretching towards the villages of Shoreditch

2033:

feet (4.4 m) high, with medieval stonework above. The Wall was constructed with coursed blocks of ragstone which sandwiched a rubble and mortar core. Layers of flat red tiles were used at intervals to give extra strength and stability. Complete with its battlements the Roman Wall would have been

338:

The fort was later incorporated into a city-wide defence in the late 2nd or early 3rd century AD, though the reason for such a large and expensive fortification is unknown. The fort's north and west walls were thickened and doubled in height to form part of the new city wall. The incorporation of the

2604:

Running northwards from the gate-tower is the fort wall, 4 feet (1.2 m) thick with the internal thickening added when the fort was incorporated into the Roman city defences c AD 200. The gate was eventually blocked, probably in the troubled years of the later 4th century. By the medieval period

2592:

miles (2.8 km) long and is marked by twenty-one panels which can be followed in either direction. The City Wall was built by the Romans c AD 200. During the Saxon period it fell into decay. From the 12th to 17th centuries large sections of the Roman Wall and gates were repaired or rebuilt. From

2390:

2314:

2231:

The Roman gate apparently survived until the medieval period (called Alegate or Algate) when it was rebuilt in 1108–47, and again in 1215. Its continued importance was assured by the building of the great Priory of Holy Trinity just inside the gate. The medieval gate had a single entrance flanked by

2227:

When the Roman City Wall was built (c AD 200) a stone gate perhaps already spanned the Roman road linking London (Londinium) with Colchester (Camulodunum). The gate probably had twin entrances flanked by guard towers. Outside the gate a large cemetery developed to the south of the road. In the later

2215:

2037:

To the north is the site of one of the towers added to the outside of the wall in the 4th century. Stone recovered from its foundations in 1852 and 1935 included part of the memorial inscription from the tomb of Julius Classicianus. the Roman Provincial Procurator (financial administrator) in AD 61.

2010:

987:

The layout of the Roman and medieval walls have had a profound effect on the development of London, even down to the present day. The walls constrained the growth of the city, and the location of the limited number of gates and the route of the roads through them shaped development within the walls,

2110:

around 200 AD. Its purpose may have been as much to control the passage of good and people as for defence. Against its inner face on this side, the wall was reinforced by a substantial earth rampart. Outside was a wide ditch. In the far right hand corner, evidence of an internal turret was found in

2406:

There was no Roman gate here but in the Middle Ages a small gate was built. In 1415 it was totally rebuilt by the Mayor Thomas Falconer and the engraving shows it after substantial rebuilding as a single gate, flanked by towers. Throughout the 16th century attempts were made to drain the marsh and

302:

The long presence of the walls has had a profound and continuing effect on the character of the City of London, and surrounding areas. The walls constrained the growth of the city, and the location of the limited number of gates and the route of the roads through them shaped development within the

453:

Excavation work has traced a significant development of 980 feet (300 m) of timber-framed waterfronts to the east and west of the modern site of London Bridge, with a piece of wooden bridge found at the end of Fish Street Hill. The constructions advancing around 115 feet (35 m) into the

954:

In 1984, the Museum of London set up a Wall Walk from the Tower of London to the museum, using 23 tiled panels. A number of these have been destroyed in subsequent years. At Noble Street, the panels were replaced by etched glass panels. These were intended as a prototype for new panels along the

2402:

Moorgate was the only gate whose name described its location as it gave access to the moor or marsh which stretched along the northern side of the city. In the early Roman period the area was well-drained by the Walbrook stream by the construction of the City Wall (c AD 200) impeded the natural

702:, additional gates and further towers and bastions. Aside from the seven City Wall gates and the four bars, there are the 13 water-gates on the Thames where goods were unloaded from ships. These include Billingsgate and Bridge Gate. Additionally there were pedestrian-only gates such as the 2334:

The historian John Stow, writing c 1580, recorded the many unsuccessful attempts to prevent the City ditch becoming a dumping ground for rubbish including the dead dogs, which gave Houndsditch its name. In the 17th century the ditch was finally filled in and the area used for gardens'.

885:

The seven gates to the City of London, with many repairs and rebuilding over the years, stood until they were all demolished between 1760 and 1767. Work to demolish the walls continued into the 19th century; however, large sections of the wall were incorporated into other structures.

269:, was later incorporated into a comprehensive city-wide defence, with its strengthened northern and western sides becoming part of the Wall which was built around 200. The incorporation of the fort's walls gave the walled area its distinctive shape in the north-west part of the city. 838:. The wall provided security but was a constraint to accessibility and growth. The extent of the city's jurisdiction has changed little from 1000 to the modern day; but the extramural parts were long home to only a few people. A notable late change to the boundary appears to be that 2593:

the 17th century, as London expanded rapidly in size, the Wall was no longer necessary for defence. During the 18th century demolition of parts of the Wall began, and by the 19th century most of the Wall had disappeared. Only recently have several sections again become visible'.

2315:

2216:

2011:

the 17th century, as London expanded rapidly in size, the Wall was no longer necessary for defence. During the 18th century demolition of parts of the Wall began, and by the 19th century, most of the Wall had disappeared. Only recently have several sections again become visible.

2391:

1933:' area, the Wall was no longer necessary for defence. Much of it was demolished in the 18th and 19th centuries and where sections survived they became buried under shops and warehouses. During the 20th century, several sections have been revealed by excavations and preserved'. 1086:. In present times the roads Leadenhall Street and Fenchurch Street lead into Aldgate High Street, where the gate's foundations are buried roughly where the Jewry Street intersects. Following the wall north, it runs between what is now The Aldgate School and Aldgate Square. 480:, was originally the eastern part of the Roman riverside wall that was built or rebuilt in the late 4th century. The riverside wall may have limited access to the Thames, both commercial and otherwise, so it may have reflected a diminished level of activity within the city. 2041:

In the medieval period, the defences were repaired and heightened. The stonework was more irregular with a sentry walk only 3 feet (0.91 m) wide. To the west was the site of the Tower Hill scaffold where many famous prisoners were publicly beheaded, the last in 1747'.

2326:

The engraving shows the area around Bevis Marks as it appeared (c 1560–70) in the reign of Elizabeth I. The City Wall, Aldgate, four towers and the City ditch can be clearly seen. Although the Wall has now disappeared in this area many of the streets still survive today.

3028:

Roman urban defences in the West: a review of current research on urban defences in the Roman Empire with special reference to the northern provinces, based on papers presented to the conference on Roman urban defences, held at the Museum of London on 21–23 March

1004:. This alignment, however, is the result of rebuilding between 1957 and 1976. Before this, London Wall was narrower, and ran behind the line of the City Wall for its entire length, from Wormwood Street to Wood Street. The western section is now St Alphage Garden. 1234:

The bastions, towers built against the face of the city wall, are scattered irregularly across its perimeter. Not bonded to the city wall itself, they are considered to be added after the construction of the wall and even later after by post-Roman builders.

1921:

c. AD 200, one hundred and fifty years after the foundation of Londinium. It stretched for 2 miles (3.2 km), incorporating a pre-existing fort. In the 4th century, the Romans strengthened the defences with towers on the eastern section of the wall.

1904:

miles (2.8 km) long and is marked by twenty-one panels which can be followed in either direction. Completion of the Walk will take between one and two hours. Wheelchairs can reach most individual sites although access is difficult at some points'.

619:

recorded that London was "refounded" by Alfred. Archaeological research shows that this involved abandonment of Lundenwic and a revival of life and trade within the old Roman walls. This was part Alfred's policy of building an in-depth defence of the

1887:. Between these two landmarks the Wall Walk passes surviving pieces of the Wall visible to the public and the sites of the gates now buried deep beneath the City streets. It also passes close to eight of the surviving forty-one City churches. 991:

Part of the route originally taken by the northern wall is commemorated, although now only loosely followed, by the road also named London Wall. The modern road starts in the west with the Rotunda junction at Aldersgate, then runs east past

1038:, Gate 1, a medieval fortified entrance. The foundation to this entrance can still be seen today within the Tower Hill pedestrian subway. Other large sections of the wall can also be seen further ahead within the Tower Hill gardens. 945:

In 1957, a 64-metre section of the wall was uncovered during works on the London Wall road; the section was then destroyed to accommodate the road changes and to make way for a new car park. An 11-metre section has been preserved.

599:, concerning the area of political and geographical control that had been acquired by the incursion of the Vikings. Within the eastern and northern part of England, with its boundary roughly stretching from London to 988:

and in a much more fundamental way, beyond them. With a few exceptions, the parts of the modern road network heading into the former walled area are the same as those which passed through the former medieval gates.

444:

in front of the outer wall was 6 ft 7 in (2 m) deep and up to 16 ft (5 m) wide. There were at least 22 towers spaced about 210 ft (64 m) apart on the eastern section of the wall.

4101:"London Wall: section of Roman wall within the London Wall underground car park, 25m north of Austral House and 55m north west of Coleman Street, City and County of the City of London – 1018885 | Historic England" 1882:

The London Wall Walk follows the original line of the City Wall for much of its length, from the royal fortress of the Tower of London to the Museum of London, situated in the modern high-rise development of the

487:, in two charters of 889 and 898. There is currently no evidence of post-Roman restoration, so surviving sections are not likely to have been part, or an important part, of defences much after the Roman period. 1135:

until 1846, some time after the wall had been demolished. London Wall, the modern road following this section of the wall, now crosses this gate's foundations. Leading north from here are routes into Finsbury.

914:

Noble Street and surrounding area bombing, mapped in 1945. From the centre of the image upwards can be seen semi-circle lines, representing the London Wall bastions 12–14 which were incorporated into buildings.

2118:, the wall was repaired and heightened. From the 17th century, it fell into disuse and parts were demolished. Several sections, including this one, were preserved by being incorporated into later buildings. 4126:"London Wall: the west gate of Cripplegate fort and a section of Roman wall in London Wall underground car park, adjacent to Noble Street, City and County of the City of London – 1018889 | Historic England" 724:

which would otherwise have flowed through the city, and the wall itself does appear to have acted like a dam, partially obstructing the Walbrook and leading to the marshy conditions at the open space of

732:

As London continued to grow throughout the medieval period, urban development grew beyond the city walls. This expansion led to the suffix words "Without" and "Within" which denote whether an area of

639:

The city walls of London were repaired as the city slowly grew until about 950 when urban activity increased dramatically. A large Viking army that attacked the London burgh was defeated in 994.

3689:"London Wall: section of Roman wall within the London Wall underground car park, 25m north of Austral House and 55m north west of Coleman Street, Non Civil Parish – 1018885 | Historic England" 303:

walls, and more fundamentally, beyond them. With few exceptions, the modern roads heading into the former walled area are the same as those which passed through the former medieval gates.

440:. It was 2 miles (3.2 km) long, enclosing an area of about 330 acres (130 ha). It was 8 to 10 ft (2.5 to 3 m) wide and up to 20 ft (6 m) high. The ditch or 3302: 3246: 1248:

a western section (B12–21). Between the eastern and western section, a gap of 731 metres (2400 feet or 800 yards) along the northern section of the city wall has no recorded bastions.

682:

had previously been the capital of Anglo-Saxon England, but from this time on, London was the main forum for foreign traders and the base for defence in time of war. In the view of

3786: 802:

permission to demolish and re-route the section of City wall between Ludgate and the Thames. They did this in stages between 1284 and 1320, extending the walled area as far as the

3750:"London Wall: section of Roman wall and bastion beneath Crosswall, No. 1 America Square and Fenchurch Street railway station, Non Civil Parish - 1432676 | Historic England" 717:

recalls a part of this former feature. This seems to have been re-cut in 1213, with the restored ditch being V-cut to a depth of 6 feet and a width of between 9 and 15 feet.

1467:

Partially accessible to the public. Can be accessed via a side street for a side-on view (as seen in this picture). For front-on view, access is through the privately owned

4026:"London Wall: remains of medieval and Roman wall extending 75yds (68m) N from Trinity Place to railway, City and County of the City of London – 1002062 | Historic England" 834:

In the medieval period the developed area of the city was largely confined to the City Wall, but there was extramural development, especially in the large western ward of

907:

during the Second World War, through the sheer scale of bombing and destruction of buildings and the surrounding landscape, revealed numerous parts of the London Wall.

2111:

excavation. This probably contained a staircase giving access to the sentry walk. Complete with its battlements, the Roman wall would have been about 6.4 metres high.

1929:

period the Wall decayed but successive medieval and Tudor rebuildings and repairs restored it as a defensive wall. With the exception of a medieval realignment in the

4365: 429:

The length and size of the wall made it one of the biggest construction projects in Roman Britain. It had gateways, towers and defensive ditches, and was built from

4296: 4151:"London Wall: section of Roman wall and Roman, medieval and post-medieval gateway at Aldersgate, City and County of the City of London – 1018882 | Historic England" 861:, and Whitechapel Bar. These were the important entrances to the city and their control was vital in maintaining the city's special privileges over certain trades. 2124:

Please take care as historic sites can be hazardous. Children should be kept under close control. Wilful damage to the monument is an offence. Unauthorised use of

2232:

two large semi-circular towers. It was during this period that Aldgate had lived in rooms over the gate from 1374 while a customs official in the port of London.

7174: 265:

Roman London was, from around 120–150, protected by a large fort, with a large garrison, that stood to its north-western side. The fort, now referred to as the

503:

410 resulted in the wall slowly falling into disrepair, though the survival of Romano-British culture in the area is indicated by the settlement in the nearby

6148: 1094:

From Aldgate, the wall then ran North-West toward Gate 3, Bishopsgate. The road through this would have led onto the Roman road network toward leading to

280:

after 886. Repairs and enhancements continued throughout the medieval period. The wall largely defined the boundaries of the City of London until the

276:, around 410, led to the wall falling into disrepair. It was restored in the late Anglo-Saxon period, a process generally thought to have begun under 918:

At 00:15 on 28 August 1940, during the pre-wave of bombing before the Blitz, buildings and parts of the wall were destroyed between Fore Street and

776:(without) were also used and the terms "intramural" and "extramural" are also used to describe being within or outside the walled part of the city. 4176:"London Wall: section of Roman wall at the Central Criminal Court, Old Bailey, City and County of the City of London – 1018884 | Historic England" 4076:"London Wall: section of Roman and medieval wall at St Alphage Garden, incorporating remains of St Alphage's Church – 1018886 | Historic England" 3787:

https://ancientmonuments.uk/117085-london-wall-section-of-roman-wall-at-the-central-criminal-court-old-bailey-farringdon-within-ward#.XspUoUBFxEY

3424: 713:

A further medieval defensive feature was the restoration of the defensive ditch immediately adjacent to the outside of the wall. The street name

955:

entire walk, but no further replacements have been made. One of the largest and most readily accessed fragments of the wall stands just outside

5288: 3198: 3306: 3250: 4358: 768:") within the Wall is denoted (on maps, in documents, etc.) as being "within" and the part outside the Wall as being "without". Archaically 686:: "It had the resources, and it was rapidly developing the dignity and the political self-consciousness appropriate to a national capital." 6013: 5537: 4901: 2019:'This impressive section of wall still stands to a height of 35 feet (11 m). The Roman work survives to the level of the sentry walk, 342:

It continued to be developed until at least the end of the 4th century, making it among the last major building projects undertaken by the

2943: 2858:"London Wall: the west gate of Cripplegate fort and a section of Roman wall in London Wall underground car park, adjacent to Noble Street" 5493: 2609:

Open to the public. Note: plaques 19–20 no longer exist in their original spaces as outlined by the maps on the tile within the picture.

2519:

Open to the public. Note: plaques 16–17 no longer exist in their original spaces as outlined by the maps on the tile within the picture.

2339:

Open to the public. Note: plaques 8–10 no longer exist in their original spaces as outlined by the maps on the tile within the picture.

5475: 4870: 4630: 2046:

Open to the public. Note: plaques 3–4 no longer exist in their original spaces as outlined by the maps on the tile within the picture.

7164: 7159: 4745: 4201:"The underground secrets of the Old Bailey – London My London | One-stop base to start exploring the most exciting city in the world" 2411:

Open to the public. Note: plaques 12 no longer exists in its original space as outlined by the maps on the tile within the picture.

694:

The size and importance of London led to the redevelopment of the city's defences. During the early medieval period – following the

91: 5735: 4351: 849:

The boundary of the city's jurisdiction was marked by "city bars", toll gates which were situated just beyond the old walled area;

2239:

Open to the public. Note: plaque 6 no longer exists in its original space as outlined by the maps on the tile within the picture.

5597: 4246: 2704: 3272: 1674: 458:

took place between the late 1st and mid-3rd centuries, highlighting that between these periods no wall stood against the river.

7204: 7179: 6642: 5968: 3857: 3832: 3688: 1022: 5746: 4640: 3951: 3520: 3408: 3383: 3329: 3174: 3066:

The Roman riverside wall and monumental arch in London: excavations at Baynard's Castle, Upper Thames Street, London, 1974–76

2902: 2709: 764: – cover an area that was both within and outside the wall; although not split into separate wards, often the part (or " 1379: 6566: 6161: 2757: 1387: 28: 476:

in 1977 showed that the section of the inner curtain wall between the Lanthorne and Wakefield Towers, to the south of the

358:

in the 180s. This may be linked to the political crisis that emerged in the late 2nd century when the governor of Britain

7154: 6546: 6286: 6171: 4815: 4228: 3573: 2699: 926:. This revealed parts of the wall unseen for over 300 years as the rubble of buildings destroyed around it were removed. 7184: 6360: 5281: 4051:"London Wall: remains of Roman wall and bastion (4a) at Crutched Friars, Non Civil Parish – 1002069 | Historic England" 3768: 2640: 2529: 2251: 2152: 2056: 1947: 1832: 1751: 1701: 1643: 1587: 1481: 1421: 1340: 1284: 1185: 4001:"London Wall: section from underground railway to Tower Hill Guardianship, Tower Hamlets – 1002063 | Historic England" 3943:

Within these walls: Roman and medieval defences north of Newgate at the Merrill Lynch Financial Centre, City of London

2578:'The London Wall Walk follows the line of the City Wall from the Tower of London to the Museum of London. The Walk is 2376:'The London Wall Walk follows the line of the City Wall from the Tower of London to the Museum of London. The Walk is 2300:'The London Wall Walk follows the line of the City Wall from the Tower of London to the Museum of London. The Walk is 2201:'The London Wall Walk follows the line of the City Wall from the Tower of London to the Museum of London. The Walk is 1996:'The London Wall Walk follows the line of the City Wall from the Tower of London to the Museum of London. The Walk is 532:, leaders of the Saxon invaders, in 457. This suggests that London's walls retained some military value, although the 468:

in the late 3rd century, construction of an additional riverside wall, built in phases, began in 280 and was repaired

7169: 6088: 4795: 4428: 3904: 3809: 3713: 3112: 3074: 2926: 2087: 1452: 806:

so that it enclosed their precinct. The westward extension is likely to have improved the defensibility of Ludgate.

6637: 6627: 5725: 4800: 3214:. Rory Naismith, p122, 123. These charters described two blocks of riverside land owned by the Bishop of Worcester. 675: 7194: 6772: 1115:

From Bishopsgate going along the northern section of wall leads to Gate 4; Moorgate. Until 1415 this was a small

281: 1531: 483:

It is not clear how long the riverside wall survived, but there are references to a part of it near the dock of

472:

390. The existence of this riverside section was long doubted due to a lack of evidence, but excavations at the

6442: 6271: 6093: 5468: 4896: 4785: 4433: 2487: 2458: 2358: 1926: 1618: 784: 765: 2671: 2560: 2508: 2479: 2450: 2350: 1371: 6622: 6576: 6541: 6186: 5938: 5274: 4830: 4770: 4438: 4200: 2282: 2183: 1863: 1562: 477: 910: 858: 6758: 6103: 5757: 4695: 4512: 4387: 3399:

Blair, John (2001). "Westminster". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.).

2960: 745: 496: 347: 273: 3099: 6408: 6301: 5779: 5648: 5626: 5058: 4881: 4710: 2429: 2235:

Aldgate was completely rebuilt in 1607-9 but was finally pulled down in 1761 to improve traffic access'.

930: 737: 4291: 3224: 2728: 44: 6985: 6723: 6662: 6266: 6128: 6008: 5943: 5608: 5504: 5255: 4967: 4750: 4563: 4443: 3606: 663: 3428: 3320:

Vince, Alan (2001). "London". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.).

7209: 6657: 6480: 6276: 5842: 5714: 5702: 5552: 5461: 5126: 4947: 4374: 4175: 4150: 4125: 4100: 4075: 4050: 4025: 4000: 3975: 3749: 3662: 3454: 2857: 291:

saw large parts of the wall demolished, including its city gates, to improve traffic flow. Since the

4325: 3599:

Milne, Gustav; Cohen, Nathalie; Dyson, Tony; Pearce, Jacqueline; Webber, Mike; Banks, Susan (2002).

3490: 573:

developed in the same area slightly to the west of the abandoned Roman city, in the vicinity of the

350:

in 410. Reasons for its construction may have been connected to the invasion of northern Britain by

7199: 6647: 6346: 6233: 6156: 6083: 5621: 5161: 4805: 4720: 4615: 4502: 4263: 2694: 780: 391: 3536: 7078: 6708: 6677: 6672: 6191: 5983: 5958: 5847: 5792: 5740: 5562: 5121: 4730: 4715: 4663: 4625: 4610: 4489: 3375: 1822: 956: 624:

against the Vikings as well as creating an offensive strategy against the Vikings who controlled

504: 1978: 7068: 7058: 6687: 6632: 6336: 6201: 6108: 5837: 5827: 5812: 5156: 5050: 5027: 4860: 4845: 4725: 4700: 4530: 3346: 1327: 963:

standing in front of it. There is a further surviving section preserved in the basement of the

919: 3928: 3475: 2619: 1315: 1132: 378:, France). The economic stimulus provided by the wall and Septimius's subsequent campaigns in 7189: 6910: 6860: 6781: 6652: 6617: 6500: 6470: 6331: 6216: 6176: 6166: 6098: 6050: 5978: 5963: 5512: 4825: 4790: 4760: 4740: 4645: 4635: 2819: 2421: 809: 671: 536:

was written many centuries after the Battle of Crayford took place, if it took place at all.

521: 516: 3486: 1238:

21 bastions are currently known about (more may be undiscovered). They can be grouped into:

1127:. The wet conditions were probably caused by the wall partially obstructing the flow of the 339:

fort's walls gave the walled area its distinctive shape in the north-west part of the city.

284:, when population rises and the development of towns around the city blurred the perimeter. 7123: 6413: 6392: 5166: 5116: 5063: 5002: 4840: 4620: 4522: 4418: 3736: 3636: 3069:. Martin Millett, T.F.C. Blagg, Tony Dyson. : London and Middlesex Archaeological Society. 2635:

Aldergate Street – upon the back walls of Alder Castle House, 10 Noble St, London EC2V 7JU

870: 827: 813:

The City of London around 1300. The Blackfriars extension is in the south-west of the city.

180: 2955:

Towers on the western section, such as the well-preserved example that can be seen at the

8: 7128: 6950: 6733: 6612: 6602: 6526: 6465: 6455: 6206: 6063: 6043: 6026: 5948: 5898: 5708: 5101: 5007: 4992: 4906: 4855: 4479: 4466: 4458: 3276: 1930: 1145: 996:, from which point it runs parallel to the line of the City Wall, and eventually becomes 795: 667: 520:

notes that the Romano-British retreated back to London after their bloody defeat at the

7108: 7018: 6829: 6814: 6804: 6571: 6423: 6241: 6133: 5883: 5852: 5768: 5587: 5532: 5522: 5337: 5311: 5266: 5111: 4987: 4780: 4594: 4448: 4413: 3618: 3192: 3007: 2785: 2758:"In Defence of the City: The Gates of London and Temple Bar in the Seventeenth Century" 1035: 854: 835: 741: 703: 655: 570: 394:. The original gates, clockwise from Ludgate in the west to Aldgate in the east, were: 371: 296: 213: 839: 295:, conservation efforts have helped to preserve surviving sections of the city wall as 7048: 6965: 6960: 6934: 6915: 6809: 6748: 6667: 6450: 6387: 6377: 6321: 6316: 6306: 6211: 6031: 5953: 5923: 5893: 5832: 5802: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5068: 5035: 5012: 4997: 4982: 4605: 3957: 3947: 3910: 3900: 3815: 3805: 3719: 3709: 3516: 3404: 3379: 3325: 3280: 3180: 3170: 3118: 3108: 3080: 3070: 3033: 3011: 2999: 2908: 2898: 2839: 2789: 2777: 1789:

No public access. Potentially arranged to view through a tour within the Old Bailey.

1524: 1102:. The current road, the A10 going north, now goes over the foundations of this gate. 1079: 621: 529: 367: 355: 2103:

This is one of the most impressive surviving sections of London's former city wall.

779:

The suffix is applied to some churches and parishes near the city gateways, such as

748:

were split into separate wards this way (Bridge Without falling beyond the gates on

7073: 7038: 7028: 6975: 6955: 6920: 6875: 6819: 6682: 6607: 6341: 6181: 6078: 6073: 5868: 5822: 5807: 5672: 5567: 5517: 5176: 5141: 5017: 4972: 4952: 4886: 4850: 4810: 4655: 4507: 4423: 3610: 3145: 2991: 2894: 2831: 2769: 2135: 2129: 1227: 1095: 934: 662:

By the 11th century, London was beyond all comparison the largest town in England.

585: 292: 277: 5368: 4343: 4321: 7098: 6880: 6713: 6703: 6586: 6521: 6475: 6460: 6123: 6068: 5933: 5873: 5797: 5787: 5642: 5582: 5577: 5394: 5106: 5078: 4977: 4962: 4835: 4775: 4705: 4408: 4398: 3946:. Museum of London. Archaeology Service. : Museum of London Archaeology Service. 3602:

Excavations at Medieval Cripplegate, London: Archaeology after the Blitz, 1946–68

2956: 1884: 1277: 1031: 997: 799: 695: 554: 473: 359: 320:

A surviving fragment of the original 3rd-century Roman Wall in Cooper's Row near

5362: 3474:

On the wall eventually becoming an unintentional dam to hold back the Walbrook:

2228:

4th century the gate may have been rebuilt to provide a platform for catapults.

7118: 7063: 7033: 7013: 6895: 6855: 6845: 6799: 6753: 6728: 6581: 6382: 6326: 6296: 6256: 6196: 6021: 5928: 5684: 5660: 5542: 5527: 5301: 5189: 5088: 4957: 4403: 2979: 2125: 2106:

The lower part, with its characteristic tile bonding courses, was built by the

1914: 1212: 1189: 964: 874: 733: 721: 581: 574: 288: 259: 239: 79: 3927:

on the wall eventually becoming an inadvertent? dam to hold back the walbrook

3577: 3184: 2995: 2963:, were added in the 13th century (Chapman, Hall & Marsh 1986, nos. 15–17). 2773: 557:, stands on Roman foundations with an upper structure of 13th-century masonry. 7148: 7113: 7103: 7083: 7053: 6970: 6945: 6900: 6870: 6865: 6824: 6311: 5988: 5903: 5696: 5654: 5557: 5547: 5419: 5209: 5199: 5146: 5131: 5096: 4937: 4922: 4820: 4755: 4735: 3961: 3367: 3037: 3003: 2912: 2843: 2781: 2655: 2642: 2544: 2531: 2266: 2253: 2167: 2154: 2107: 2071: 2058: 1962: 1949: 1918: 1847: 1834: 1766: 1753: 1716: 1703: 1678:

London Roman Wall - surviving section of the western gate to Cripplegate Fort

1658: 1645: 1602: 1589: 1546: 1533: 1496: 1483: 1436: 1423: 1355: 1342: 1299: 1286: 1181: 749: 683: 651: 363: 343: 176: 126: 106: 93: 5374: 3723: 3122: 647: 7043: 6998: 6885: 6850: 6536: 6138: 6113: 5998: 5993: 5888: 5878: 5572: 5406: 5402: 5184: 5151: 4927: 4891: 4571: 4548: 3622: 3600: 3164: 3084: 2835: 1633:

Open to public. Access through the 24/ 7 London Wall underground car park.

1208: 1177: 822: 699: 455: 243: 5388: 3941: 3914: 2888: 1222: 226: 7008: 7003: 6890: 6561: 6490: 6485: 6118: 6055: 5817: 5690: 5678: 5379: 5350: 5204: 4932: 4553: 4471: 3819: 3703: 2244: 2115: 2034:

about 20 feet (6.1 m) high. Outside the Wall was a defensive ditch.

1566:

Section of Roman and Medieval wall in St Alphage Garden, off London Wall.

1383:

London Roman Wall – surviving section by Tower Hill gardens cross-section

1197: 1149: 1075: 1001: 923: 850: 803: 761: 757: 714: 636:

was also created on the south bank of the River Thames during this time.

566: 508: 407: 403: 332: 33:

London Roman Wall – surviving section by Tower Hill gardens cross-section

3614: 3064: 1925:

The Roman Wall formed the foundation of the later City Wall. During the

1391:

London Roman Wall – surviving section by Tower Hill gardens full section

335:) that was subsequently built on its northern wall later on, in 120–150 7093: 6905: 6794: 6789: 6738: 6551: 6428: 6418: 6037: 5973: 5194: 5073: 5040: 4942: 4765: 4497: 3976:"Porton of Old London Wall, Tower Hamlets – 1357518 | Historic England" 3894: 1744: 1120: 1083: 968: 843: 753: 726: 707: 679: 484: 415: 321: 316: 4320:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

3799: 846:

next to the wall was still, in 1603, outside the city's jurisdiction.

549: 426:

i.e. a secondary gate, was built later still, in the medieval period.

362:

was consolidating his power after claiming the right of succession as

7133: 7088: 7023: 6743: 6495: 6261: 5751: 5431: 5297: 3844: 3769:"London's Roman City Wall: The Obscured – Part 01 One America Square" 3450: 3026: 2403:

drainage and caused the formation of a large marsh outside the Wall.

1193: 1153: 979: 904: 633: 437: 247: 4280: 3149: 1476:

Basement of Roman Wall House, 1–2 Crutched Friars and Emperor House

720:

The re-cut of the ditch may have diverted some of the waters of the

382:

improved Londinium's financial prosperity in the early 3rd century.

331:

AD 100 and a fort, now called Cripplegate fort after the city gate (

6718: 6505: 5762: 5616: 5453: 3785:

Citation for the preservation of section of wall at the Old Bailey

1917:

was limited by its defensive wall. The first Wall was built by the

1468: 1242:

an eastern section from the Tower of London to Bishopsgate (B1–10),

1128: 1124: 1063: 993: 933:. Bomb damage revealed a section of wall at Noble Street, near the 525: 433: 419: 379: 3455:

https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1432676

3137: 2128:

is prohibited. For more information on this site. and how to join

1070:– Gate 2. These would have led onto the Roman road network toward 929:

On 29 December 1940, heavy bombing led to conditions known as the

6993: 6531: 6251: 6246: 5666: 5443: 5410: 5356: 5343: 2091:

London Roman Wall – English Heritage plaque by Tower Hill gardens

1116: 1067: 604: 600: 596: 592: 423: 411: 399: 395: 1456:

London Roman Wall – surviving section by Tower Hill Tube Station

877:

inside the wall was destroyed, but the wall and gates survived.

698:

of England – the walls underwent substantial work that included

5484: 1054: 1046: 960: 625: 465: 462: 4222: 1913:'For nearly fifteen hundred years the physical growth of the 1226:

Bastion 14 in London Wall, which is overlooked by the former

1071: 589: 351: 157:

Kentish ragstone (Roman sections) and brick (later additions)

3465:

described in the London Encyclopaedia by Weinreb and Hibbert

2980:"The capital rediscovered: archæology in the City of London" 1622:

London Roman Wall – London Wall underground car park segment

740: – fell outside or within the London Wall, though only 4540: 3929:

https://www.british-history.ac.uk/rchme/london/vol3/pp10-18

3476:

https://www.british-history.ac.uk/rchme/london/vol3/pp10-18

2675:

London Roman Wall – Museum of London Walking Tour Plaque 21

2564:

London Roman Wall – Museum of London Walking Tour Plaque 18

2512:

London Roman Wall – Museum of London Walking Tour Plaque 15

2491:

London Roman Wall – Museum of London Walking Tour Plaque 14

2483:

London Roman Wall – Museum of London Walking Tour Plaque 14

2462:

London Roman Wall – Museum of London Walking Tour Plaque 13

2454:

London Roman Wall – Museum of London Walking Tour Plaque 13

2362:

London Roman Wall – Museum of London Walking Tour Plaque 11

2354:

London Roman Wall – Museum of London Walking Tour Plaque 11

1375:

London Roman Wall – surviving section by Tower Hill gardens

1099: 967:

building. There are further remains in the basement of the

629: 430: 375: 3101:

Public buildings in the south-west quarter of Roman London

2286:

London Roman Wall – Museum of London Walking Tour Plaque 7

2187:

London Roman Wall – Museum of London Walking Tour Plaque 5

1867:

London Roman Wall – Museum of London Walking Tour Plaque 1

1030:

The eastern section of the wall starts in what is now the

390:

The wall's gateways coincided with their alignment to the

418:, between Newgate and Cripplegate, was added around 350. 5296: 3138:"An Earlier Roman Riverside wall at the Tower of London" 327:

It has origins as an initial mound wall and ditch from

4301: 2433:

London Wall – plaque of the wall by St Alphage Gardens

610: 3598: 3051:

The Tower of London, The Official Illustrated History

2605:

the site of the gate had been completely forgotten'.

3563:

London, 800–1216". Brooke and Keir, Chapter 7 p. 169

1196:

and the west midlands. These roads leading over the

949: 385: 4373: 3449:describes how an account by 16th-century historian 689: 461:After Londinium was raided on several occasions by 287:From the 18th century onward, the expansion of the 830:. Most of the city within the walls was destroyed. 817: 3702:Chapman, Hugh; Hall, Jenny; Marsh, Geoff (1985). 3401:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England 3322:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England 7146: 3701: 1252: 1026:The medieval postern gate by the tower of London 436:, which was brought by barge from quarries near 246:around the strategically important port town of 230:Londinium in the year 400 showing the Roman wall 4685: 4654: 3212:Citadel of the Saxons, the Rise of Early London 3166:Citadel of the Saxons: the rise of early London 3144:. 3 (7) (London Archaeologist 3 (7)): 171–176. 2806:Citadel of the Saxons, the Rise of Early London 1245:a single bastion west of Bishopsgate (B11), and 7175:Grade I listed buildings in the City of London 5422:-gates: Great Stone Gateway and New Stone Gate 3338: 873:in September 1666, almost all of the medieval 5469: 5282: 4359: 3024: 1982:London Roman Wall – Museum of London Plaque 2 983:The modern (post-1976) road named London Wall 5538:Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges 4902:Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret 2570:Transcript of the London Wall Walk plaque 18 2368:Transcript of the London Wall Walk plaque 11 1330:. Open to the public on purchase of ticket. 2623:London Roman Wall – Noble Street New Plaque 2292:Transcript of the London Wall Walk plaque 7 2193:Transcript of the London Wall Walk plaque 5 1988:Transcript of the London Wall Walk plaque 2 1873:Transcript of the London Wall Walk plaque 1 1062:The wall from Tower Hill then runs east of 889: 842:Survey of London suggests that the part of 658:during the siege of London, 12–15 May 1471. 544: 5476: 5462: 5289: 5275: 4631:Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture 4593: 4366: 4352: 3892: 3766: 3737:Shows status of the panels in January 2006 3295: 3197:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2425:London Wall – plaque by St Alphage Gardens 674:and his successors, was on its completion 539: 27: 4746:Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art 3801:Dictionary of City of London street names 3313: 3107:. Vol. 3. London: Museum of London. 2977: 2886: 2097:Transcript of the English Heritage plaque 1164:With direct access to more local routes. 974: 5736:All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club 3513:Mapping London: making sense of the city 3162: 3097: 2946:Museum of London, Retrieved 30 May 2010. 2670: 2618: 2559: 2507: 2486: 2478: 2457: 2449: 2428: 2420: 2357: 2349: 2281: 2182: 2086: 1977: 1862: 1743:Basement of the Central Criminal Court, 1673: 1617: 1561: 1451: 1386: 1378: 1370: 1314: 1221: 1105: 1053: 1045: 1021: 978: 909: 821: 808: 790: 646: 548: 448: 315: 225: 4292:PhotoEssay on London Walls with markers 3366: 3135: 2705:List of town walls in England and Wales 1167: 1131:. Moorgate remained ill-connected with 1012: 959:, with a replica statue of the Emperor 864: 826:Pink area shows the extent of the 1666 642: 490: 7147: 6577:Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain ("Eros") 3510: 3273:"Saxon London in a tale of two cities" 2817: 2801: 2799: 1133:no direct approach road from the south 588:, formally agreed to the terms of the 5747:Crystal Palace National Sports Centre 5457: 5270: 4684: 4641:Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology 4592: 4385: 4347: 3899:. London: E. Benn. pp. 111–113. 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3797: 3637:"Tuesday, 27 August 1940 – Airminded" 3398: 3319: 3152:– via Archaeology Data Service. 3025:Maloney, Brian; Hobley, John (1983). 2973: 2971: 2969: 2710:Scheduled monuments in Greater London 1689:No public access – hidden from view. 676:one of the longest churches in Europe 370:, Albinus was defeated in 197 at the 59:City of London, within Greater London 6567:Monument to the Great Fire of London 5483: 4386: 4306: 4229: 3939: 3062: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2755: 2751: 2749: 603:, the Scandinavians would establish 511:, which persisted until around 450. 311: 6547:Crystal Palace transmitting station 5225:Ranger's House (Wernher Collection) 4816:Museum of Immigration and Diversity 3767:Consultant, Commuter (1 May 2013). 3605:(DGO – Digital original ed.). 3344: 3032:. Council for British Archaeology. 2927:"Programmes – Most Popular – All 4" 2796: 2700:List of cities with defensive walls 1326:The Tower of London is operated by 894: 736: – and usually applied to the 611:Anglo-Saxon London Wall restoration 51: 13: 4796:London Museum of Water & Steam 4302:Interactive map with illustrations 4297:Map of London Wall Walk and Photos 3875: 3305:. Museum of London. Archived from 3249:. Museum of London. Archived from 3217: 2966: 1795: 1017: 800:Dominican Friars (or Black Friars) 366:. After a struggle with his rival 16:Defensive wall built around London 14: 7221: 4218: 3574:"The gates to the City of London" 3515:. London: Black Dog. p. 17. 2887:Ross, Cathy; Clark, John (2008). 2875: 2746: 2524:London Wall underground car park 1638:London Wall underground car park 1582:London Wall underground car park 1410:360 panoramic view of this site. 1066:toward the second historic gate, 950:Conservation and heritage efforts 386:Roman London wall characteristics 254:AD 200, as well as the name of a 7165:English Heritage sites in London 7160:City walls in the United Kingdom 5442: 5310: 5251: 5250: 4801:Markfield Beam Engine and Museum 4311: 4272: 4255: 4238: 2820:"The Archaeology of London Wall" 1230:, now closed prior to relocation 940: 920:St. Alphage's churchyard gardens 690:Medieval London Wall restoration 50: 43: 4375:Museums and galleries in London 4193: 4168: 4143: 4118: 4093: 4068: 4043: 4018: 3993: 3968: 3933: 3921: 3850: 3838: 3826: 3791: 3779: 3760: 3742: 3730: 3695: 3681: 3655: 3629: 3592: 3566: 3557: 3529: 3504: 3480: 3468: 3459: 3443: 3417: 3392: 3360: 3265: 3239: 3205: 3156: 3129: 3091: 3056: 3044: 3018: 2890:London: the illustrated history 2132:, please contact 0171 973 3479 1696:(underneath road and pavement) 899: 818:The Wall and the developed area 5331:Listed clockwise from the West 5210:Kenwood House (Iveagh Bequest) 4897:Museum of the Order of St John 4786:Institute of Contemporary Arts 4771:Handel & Hendrix in London 3303:"The early years of Lundenwic" 2949: 2937: 2919: 2850: 2811: 2721: 1139: 1089: 785:St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate 553:Bastion 12, which is near the 392:British network of Roman roads 1: 7205:Streets in the City of London 7180:History of the City of London 6429:Royal Mews, Buckingham Palace 6162:BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir 4831:Royal Academy of Music Museum 3858:"The Line of roman city wall" 2715: 1253:Known monuments and landmarks 1159: 880: 562: 500: 469: 328: 251: 165: 5758:Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park 4711:Ben Uri Gallery & Museum 4696:Arsenal Football Club Museum 3862:www.wonders-of-the-world.net 3708:. London: Museum of London. 3247:"The last days of Londinium" 2961:St Giles-without-Cripplegate 1188:to Silchester and Bath, and 497:end of Roman rule in Britain 348:Roman departure from Britain 274:end of Roman rule in Britain 7: 5649:Brentford Community Stadium 5627:Odeon Luxe Leicester Square 5059:Banqueting House, Whitehall 4882:Florence Nightingale Museum 4686:Other museums and galleries 2688: 1785:List entry number: 1018884 1735:List entry number: 1018882 1685:List entry number: 1018889 1629:List entry number: 1018885 1573:List entry number: 1018884 1515:List entry number: 1002069 1463:List entry number: 1002062 1404:List entry number: 1002063 1398:List entry number: 1357518 1217: 1110: 1050:Site of Aldgate demolishing 931:Second Great Fire of London 255: 10: 7226: 7155:2nd-century fortifications 6187:St Margaret's, Westminster 6129:Victoria and Albert Museum 4968:Headstone Manor and Museum 4751:Fashion and Textile Museum 4564:Victoria and Albert Museum 4480:Imperial War Museum London 3893:Merrifield, Ralph (1965). 3804:. New York: Arco Pub. Co. 3607:Liverpool University Press 3453:gives us this information 3279:. May 1999. Archived from 3136:Parnell, Geoffrey (1978). 2893:. London: Penguin Books / 1203: 1172: 1041: 729:, just north of the wall. 306: 7185:London Wall and its gates 6984: 6933: 6838: 6780: 6771: 6759:St Bartholomew's Hospital 6696: 6595: 6514: 6481:Citigroup Centre (London) 6441: 6401: 6368: 6359: 6285: 6232: 6225: 6147: 6089:National Portrait Gallery 6007: 5916: 5861: 5843:Theatre Royal, Drury Lane 5778: 5724: 5715:Tottenham Hotspur Stadium 5635: 5607: 5596: 5503: 5492: 5440: 5317: 5308: 5246: 5175: 5087: 5049: 5026: 4948:Greenwich Heritage Centre 4915: 4869: 4691: 4680: 4601: 4588: 4562: 4539: 4521: 4488: 4457: 4429:National Portrait Gallery 4394: 4381: 2996:10.1017/s0963926800010397 2774:10.1017/S0066622X00002719 1268: 1007: 220: 211: 207: 199: 191: 186: 172: 161: 153: 148: 140: 132: 122: 85: 75: 67: 38: 26: 7170:Fortifications of London 6648:Liverpool Street station 6638:Fenchurch Street station 6628:Clapham Junction station 6347:Westfield Stratford City 6157:All Hallows-by-the-Tower 6084:National Maritime Museum 5622:Empire, Leicester Square 4721:Bow Street Police Museum 4503:National Maritime Museum 3896:The Roman city of London 3537:"London Wall Walk Guide" 3225:"History of London Wall" 3053:. Impey and Parnell. p11 2978:Schofield, John (1993). 2959:, next to the church of 2729:"History of London Wall" 2695:Fortifications of London 2323:'Bevis Marks, City Wall 1396:Grade 1 Listed Building 1119:leading into the marshy 890:20th century London Wall 781:St Audoen within Newgate 545:Anglo-Saxon city revival 528:, Kent) at the hands of 7079:Myrtle Avenue, Hounslow 6709:Battersea Power Station 6192:St Martin-in-the-Fields 5984:Royal Courts of Justice 5848:Theatre Royal Haymarket 5741:The Championship Course 4716:Benjamin Franklin House 4664:London Museum Docklands 4626:London Transport Museum 4611:Dulwich Picture Gallery 4490:Royal Museums Greenwich 4444:Sir John Soane's Museum 3773:The Commuter Consultant 3663:"Inventory Site Record" 3376:Oxford University Press 3163:Naismith, Rory (2019). 2399:'Mooregate, Cite Gate. 1471:Tower of London Hotel. 957:Tower Hill tube station 664:Old St Paul's Cathedral 540:Anglo-Saxon London Wall 505:St Martin-in-the-Fields 136:2.5 miles (4.0 km) 7195:Roman walls in England 7059:Kensington High Street 6688:Victoria Coach Station 6172:Methodist Central Hall 6094:Natural History Museum 5828:Royal National Theatre 5051:Historic Royal Palaces 5028:Royal Collection Trust 4861:William Morris Gallery 4846:Sherlock Holmes Museum 4726:Charles Dickens Museum 4701:Bank of England Museum 4595:Designated collections 4439:Royal Air Force Museum 4434:Natural History Museum 4180:historicengland.org.uk 4155:historicengland.org.uk 4130:historicengland.org.uk 4105:historicengland.org.uk 4080:historicengland.org.uk 4055:historicengland.org.uk 4030:historicengland.org.uk 4005:historicengland.org.uk 3980:historicengland.org.uk 3847:Retrieved 30 May 2010. 3835:Retrieved 30 May 2010. 3754:historicengland.org.uk 3739:Retrieved 21 May 2010. 3511:Foxell, Simon (2007). 3487:British History Online 3169:. London. p. 31. 3098:Williams, Tim (1993). 3063:Hill, Charles (1980). 2862:historicengland.org.uk 2836:10.1179/ldn.1981.7.1.3 2818:Hobley, Brian (1981). 2808:. Rory Naismith, p. 31 2676: 2656:51.516806°N 0.096833°W 2624: 2565: 2545:51.517667°N 0.095389°W 2513: 2492: 2484: 2463: 2455: 2434: 2426: 2363: 2355: 2287: 2267:51.514806°N 0.078972°W 2188: 2168:51.513667°N 0.076972°W 2092: 2072:51.509833°N 0.076111°W 1983: 1963:51.509889°N 0.076250°W 1879:'The London Wall Walk 1868: 1848:51.509472°N 0.075861°W 1767:51.515361°N 0.101694°W 1717:51.516722°N 0.096861°W 1679: 1659:51.517500°N 0.095417°W 1623: 1603:51.517611°N 0.090528°W 1567: 1497:51.512167°N 0.076500°W 1457: 1437:51.510583°N 0.076139°W 1392: 1384: 1376: 1356:51.509917°N 0.076028°W 1328:Historic Royal Palaces 1320: 1300:51.507889°N 0.075611°W 1231: 1184:, with access via the 1059: 1051: 1027: 984: 975:Impact on current city 915: 831: 814: 659: 615:In the same year, the 558: 324: 231: 6653:London Bridge station 6623:Charing Cross station 6618:Cannon Street station 6501:St George Wharf Tower 6471:122 Leadenhall Street 6332:Petticoat Lane Market 6217:Westminster Cathedral 6167:Bevis Marks Synagogue 6099:Royal Academy of Arts 6051:Guildhall Art Gallery 5979:Palace of Westminster 5969:The National Archives 5939:City Hall (Southwark) 5681:(Queens Park Rangers) 4916:Local history museums 4873:Health & Medicine 4871:The London Museums of 4821:Orleans House Gallery 4791:Leighton House Museum 4761:Guildhall Art Gallery 4646:Royal Academy of Arts 4636:Museum of Freemasonry 2762:Architectural History 2674: 2622: 2563: 2511: 2490: 2482: 2461: 2453: 2432: 2424: 2361: 2353: 2285: 2186: 2090: 1981: 1866: 1677: 1621: 1565: 1455: 1390: 1382: 1374: 1318: 1225: 1106:Northern wall section 1057: 1049: 1025: 982: 913: 825: 812: 791:Blackfriars extension 752:). Some wards – 672:William the Conqueror 650: 617:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 552: 534:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 522:Battle of Crecganford 517:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 449:Roman Thamesside wall 319: 229: 7124:Tottenham Court Road 6643:King's Cross station 6414:Hampton Court Palace 6177:Regent's Park Mosque 5117:Eastbury Manor House 5064:Hampton Court Palace 5003:Valence House Museum 4841:Serpentine Galleries 4731:Dennis Severs' House 4706:Barbican Art Gallery 4523:Science Museum Group 4459:Imperial War Museums 4419:National Army Museum 3705:The London wall walk 3667:London Gardens Trust 3580:on 30 September 2015 3378:. pp. 538–539. 3142:London Archaeologist 2756:Mann, Emily (2006). 2661:51.516806; -0.096833 2630:Open to the public. 2597:Transcript of tile 4 2574:Transcript of tile 1 2550:51.517667; -0.095389 2498:Open to the public. 2469:Open to the public. 2440:Open to the public. 2372:Transcript of tile 1 2319:Transcript of tile 4 2296:Transcript of tile 1 2272:51.514806; -0.078972 2224:'Aldgate, City Gate 2220:Transcript of tile 4 2197:Transcript of tile 1 2173:51.513667; -0.076972 2142:Open to the public. 2077:51.509833; -0.076111 2015:Transcript of tile 4 1992:Transcript of tile 1 1968:51.509889; -0.076250 1937:Open to the public. 1909:Transcript of tile 5 1877:Transcript of tile 2 1853:51.509472; -0.075861 1826:pedestrian crossing 1772:51.515361; -0.101694 1722:51.516722; -0.096861 1664:51.517500; -0.095417 1608:51.517611; -0.090528 1502:51.512167; -0.076500 1442:51.510583; -0.076139 1408:Open to the public. 1361:51.509917; -0.076028 1305:51.507889; -0.075611 1269:Conservation status 1168:Western wall section 1013:Eastern wall section 871:Great Fire of London 865:Great Fire of London 828:Great Fire of London 643:Medieval London Wall 569:settlement known as 491:Post-Roman disrepair 7129:Victoria Embankment 6951:Horse Guards Parade 6613:Blackfriars station 6527:ArcelorMittal Orbit 6466:20 Fenchurch Street 6456:One Churchill Place 6424:The Queen's Gallery 6242:Fortnum & Mason 6207:Southwark Cathedral 6202:St Paul's Cathedral 6064:Imperial War Museum 6027:Churchill War Rooms 5899:Royal Festival Hall 5838:Shakespeare's Globe 5717:(Tottenham Hotspur) 5711:(Charlton Athletic) 5395:(Tower) Posterngate 5102:575 Wandsworth Road 5008:Vestry House Museum 4993:Museum of Wimbledon 4907:Wellcome Collection 4856:Whitechapel Gallery 4467:Churchill War Rooms 3615:10.2307/j.ctvxbpjbm 3431:on 22 February 2014 3372:Anglo-Saxon England 3283:on 24 December 2015 3277:British Archaeology 2652: / 2541: / 2263: / 2164: / 2068: / 2051:Tower Hill gardens 1959: / 1942:Tower Hill gardens 1844: / 1801: 1783:Scheduled Monument 1763: / 1733:Scheduled Monument 1713: / 1683:Scheduled Monument 1655: / 1627:Scheduled Monument 1599: / 1571:Scheduled Monument 1543: / 1513:Scheduled Monument 1493: / 1461:Scheduled Monument 1433: / 1401:Scheduled Monument 1352: / 1335:Tower Hill gardens 1296: / 1146:London Charterhouse 859:West Smithfield Bar 422:, initially just a 297:scheduled monuments 242:first built by the 195:Fragmentary remains 103: / 23: 7109:Shaftesbury Avenue 7019:Charing Cross Road 6815:Kensington Gardens 6805:Hampton Court Park 6663:St Pancras station 6658:Paddington station 6542:Cleopatra's Needle 6369:Partly occupied by 6134:Wallace Collection 5944:City Hall (Newham) 5884:Hammersmith Apollo 5769:Twickenham Stadium 5645:(national stadium) 5588:Westminster Bridge 5533:Hammersmith Bridge 5523:Blackfriars Bridge 4988:Museum of Richmond 4741:Dr Johnson's House 4449:Wallace Collection 4414:Museum of the Home 3798:Smith, Al (1970). 3425:"Once Upon a What" 3227:. English Heritage 2824:The London Journal 2677: 2625: 2566: 2514: 2493: 2485: 2464: 2456: 2435: 2427: 2364: 2356: 2288: 2189: 2093: 1984: 1869: 1800: 1680: 1624: 1568: 1547:51.5180°N 0.0926°W 1519:No public access. 1458: 1393: 1385: 1377: 1321: 1232: 1060: 1058:Aldgate in c. 1600 1052: 1036:Tower Hill Postern 1028: 1000:before it reaches 985: 965:One America Square 916: 836:Farringdon Without 832: 815: 704:Tower Hill Postern 660: 654:forces attack the 559: 372:Battle of Lugdunum 325: 232: 214:Scheduled monument 200:Public access 21: 7142: 7141: 6966:Piccadilly Circus 6961:Parliament Square 6929: 6928: 6916:Wandsworth Common 6767: 6766: 6749:Smithfield Market 6668:Stratford station 6451:One Canada Square 6437: 6436: 6393:St James's Palace 6388:Kensington Palace 6378:Buckingham Palace 6355: 6354: 6322:Leadenhall Market 6317:Kensington Arcade 6307:Burlington Arcade 6212:Westminster Abbey 6149:Places of worship 6104:Royal Observatory 6032:Courtauld Gallery 5924:10 Downing Street 5912: 5911: 5894:Royal Albert Hall 5833:Royal Opera House 5687:(West Ham United) 5553:Millennium Bridge 5451: 5450: 5264: 5263: 5242: 5241: 5238: 5237: 5230:Winchester Palace 5220:Marble Hill House 5069:Kensington Palace 5013:Wandsworth Museum 4998:Twickenham Museum 4983:Museum of Croydon 4676: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4606:Courtauld Gallery 4584: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4513:Royal Observatory 4341: 4333: 4332: 3953:978-1-901992-68-7 3940:Lyon, Jo (2007). 3522:978-1-906155-07-0 3410:978-0-631-22492-1 3385:978-0-19-280139-5 3331:978-0-631-22492-1 3253:on 8 January 2009 3176:978-1-78831-222-6 2904:978-0-14-101159-2 2686: 2685: 2331:and Whitechapel. 1793: 1792: 1694:Aldersgate Street 1525:St Alphage Garden 666:, rebuilt in the 622:Kingdom of Wessex 530:Hengist and Horsa 368:Septimius Severus 312:Roman London Wall 282:later Middle Ages 224: 223: 181:late 18th century 7217: 7210:Walls in England 7039:Fenchurch Street 6976:Trafalgar Square 6956:Leicester Square 6921:Wimbledon Common 6876:Gunnersbury Park 6778: 6777: 6734:Lloyd's building 6683:London Cable Car 6678:Waterloo station 6673:Victoria station 6608:Heathrow Airport 6409:Banqueting House 6371:the royal family 6366: 6365: 6342:Westfield London 6287:Shopping centres 6230: 6229: 6182:St Clement Danes 6079:National Gallery 6074:Museum of London 5869:Alexandra Palace 5699:(Crystal Palace) 5673:Emirates Stadium 5605: 5604: 5568:Southwark Bridge 5518:Battersea Bridge 5501: 5500: 5478: 5471: 5464: 5455: 5454: 5446: 5435: 5423: 5413: 5332: 5320:Former gates of 5314: 5300:and bars of the 5291: 5284: 5277: 5268: 5267: 5254: 5253: 5177:English Heritage 5142:Morden Hall Park 5018:Whitehall Museum 4973:Islington Museum 4953:Gunnersbury Park 4887:Foundling Museum 4867: 4866: 4851:Two Temple Place 4811:Museum of Brands 4806:Migration Museum 4682: 4681: 4656:Museum of London 4652: 4651: 4616:Hunterian Museum 4590: 4589: 4455: 4454: 4424:National Gallery 4388:National museums 4383: 4382: 4368: 4361: 4354: 4345: 4344: 4335: 4315: 4314: 4307: 4285: 4277: 4276: 4275: 4268: 4260: 4259: 4258: 4251: 4243: 4242: 4241: 4231: 4213: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4197: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4172: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4147: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4122: 4116: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4047: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4011: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3890: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3854: 3848: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3643:. 27 August 2010 3633: 3627: 3626: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3576:. Archived from 3570: 3564: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3541: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3508: 3502: 3484: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3463: 3457: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3427:. Archived from 3421: 3415: 3414: 3396: 3390: 3389: 3374:(3rd ed.). 3364: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3347:"Viking Attacks" 3342: 3336: 3335: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3309:on 10 June 2008. 3299: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3196: 3188: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3106: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3060: 3054: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3022: 3016: 3015: 2975: 2964: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2895:Museum of London 2884: 2873: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2794: 2793: 2753: 2744: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2733:English Heritage 2725: 2682:Open to public. 2667: 2666: 2664: 2663: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2591: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2381: 2313: 2312: 2308: 2305: 2278: 2277: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2179: 2178: 2176: 2175: 2174: 2169: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2157: 2136:English Heritage 2130:English Heritage 2121:For your safety 2083: 2082: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2032: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2009: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1974: 1973: 1971: 1970: 1969: 1964: 1960: 1957: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1859: 1858: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1845: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1837: 1802: 1799: 1778: 1777: 1775: 1774: 1773: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1728: 1727: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1706: 1670: 1669: 1667: 1666: 1665: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1604: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1552:51.5180; -0.0926 1548: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1536: 1508: 1507: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1367: 1366: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1311: 1310: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1301: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1257: 1256: 1228:Museum of London 935:Museum of London 895:Second World War 668:Romanesque style 586:Alfred the Great 564: 502: 471: 330: 293:Second World War 278:Alfred the Great 267:Cripplegate Fort 253: 167: 118: 117: 115: 114: 113: 108: 104: 101: 100: 99: 96: 54: 53: 47: 31: 24: 20: 7225: 7224: 7220: 7219: 7218: 7216: 7215: 7214: 7200:Ruins in London 7145: 7144: 7143: 7138: 7099:Portobello Road 6980: 6938: 6925: 6881:Hampstead Heath 6834: 6830:St James's Park 6763: 6714:British Library 6704:Barbican Estate 6692: 6591: 6587:Wellington Arch 6572:Nelson's Column 6522:Albert Memorial 6510: 6476:Broadgate Tower 6461:8 Canada Square 6433: 6397: 6370: 6361:Royal buildings 6351: 6289: 6281: 6221: 6143: 6124:Tower of London 6069:Madame Tussauds 6012: 6003: 5934:Bank of England 5908: 5874:Brixton Academy 5857: 5793:Apollo Victoria 5774: 5727: 5720: 5703:Stamford Bridge 5693:(AFC Wimbledon) 5657:(Leyton Orient) 5643:Wembley Stadium 5636:Football stadia 5631: 5599: 5592: 5583:Waterloo Bridge 5578:Vauxhall Bridge 5563:Richmond Bridge 5495: 5488: 5482: 5452: 5447: 5438: 5429: 5418: 5401: 5330: 5315: 5304: 5295: 5265: 5260: 5234: 5171: 5112:Carlyle's House 5107:Blewcoat School 5083: 5079:Tower of London 5045: 5022: 4978:Kingston Museum 4963:Havering Museum 4911: 4872: 4865: 4836:Saatchi Gallery 4781:Hogarth's House 4776:Hayward Gallery 4687: 4668: 4650: 4597: 4576: 4558: 4535: 4517: 4484: 4453: 4409:Horniman Museum 4399:British Library 4390: 4377: 4372: 4342: 4329: 4316: 4312: 4288: 4278: 4273: 4271: 4267:from Wikivoyage 4261: 4256: 4254: 4244: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4230:sister projects 4227:at Knowledge's 4221: 4216: 4206: 4204: 4203:. 22 March 2013 4199: 4198: 4194: 4184: 4182: 4174: 4173: 4169: 4159: 4157: 4149: 4148: 4144: 4134: 4132: 4124: 4123: 4119: 4109: 4107: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4084: 4082: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4059: 4057: 4049: 4048: 4044: 4034: 4032: 4024: 4023: 4019: 4009: 4007: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3954: 3938: 3934: 3926: 3922: 3907: 3891: 3876: 3866: 3864: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3843: 3839: 3831: 3827: 3812: 3796: 3792: 3784: 3780: 3765: 3761: 3748: 3747: 3743: 3735: 3731: 3716: 3700: 3696: 3687: 3686: 3682: 3672: 3670: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3646: 3644: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3597: 3593: 3583: 3581: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3558: 3548: 3546: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3523: 3509: 3505: 3485: 3481: 3473: 3469: 3464: 3460: 3448: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3411: 3397: 3393: 3386: 3365: 3361: 3351: 3349: 3343: 3339: 3332: 3318: 3314: 3301: 3300: 3296: 3286: 3284: 3271: 3270: 3266: 3256: 3254: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3230: 3228: 3223: 3222: 3218: 3210: 3206: 3190: 3189: 3177: 3161: 3157: 3150:10.5284/1070656 3134: 3130: 3115: 3104: 3096: 3092: 3077: 3061: 3057: 3049: 3045: 3023: 3019: 2976: 2967: 2957:Barbican Estate 2954: 2950: 2942: 2938: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2905: 2885: 2876: 2866: 2864: 2856: 2855: 2851: 2816: 2812: 2804: 2797: 2754: 2747: 2737: 2735: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2691: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2651: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2638: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2540: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2527: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2310: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2262: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2249: 2211: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2163: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2150: 2147:Aldgate Square 2126:Metal detectors 2116:medieval period 2076: 2074: 2070: 2067: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2054: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2006: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1958: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1945: 1900: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1843: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1830: 1798: 1796:Related signage 1771: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1654: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1641: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1598: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1585: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1542: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1529: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1479: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1338: 1319:Tower of London 1304: 1302: 1298: 1295: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1283: 1282: 1278:Tower of London 1255: 1220: 1206: 1186:Devil's Highway 1175: 1170: 1162: 1142: 1113: 1108: 1092: 1044: 1032:Tower of London 1020: 1018:Tower of London 1015: 1010: 998:Wormwood Street 977: 952: 943: 902: 897: 892: 883: 867: 820: 793: 744:and (formerly) 696:Norman Conquest 692: 645: 613: 555:Barbican Estate 547: 542: 493: 474:Tower of London 451: 388: 360:Clodius Albinus 314: 309: 216: 111: 109: 105: 102: 97: 94: 92: 90: 89: 63: 62: 61: 60: 57: 56: 55: 34: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7223: 7213: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7069:Lombard Street 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7034:Denmark Street 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7014:Carnaby Street 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6990: 6988: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6942: 6940: 6931: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6896:Mitcham Common 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6856:Clapham Common 6853: 6848: 6846:Battersea Park 6842: 6840: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6800:Greenwich Park 6797: 6792: 6786: 6784: 6775: 6769: 6768: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6761: 6756: 6754:Somerset House 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6729:Lambeth Palace 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6700: 6698: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6633:Euston station 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6599: 6597: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6589: 6584: 6582:Thames Barrier 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6518: 6516: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6447: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6405: 6403: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6383:Clarence House 6380: 6374: 6372: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6337:Royal Exchange 6334: 6329: 6327:One New Change 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6297:Borough Market 6293: 6291: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6257:Harvey Nichols 6254: 6249: 6244: 6238: 6236: 6227: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6197:St Mary-le-Bow 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6153: 6151: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6109:Science Museum 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6053: 6048: 6041: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6022:British Museum 6018: 6016: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5929:Admiralty Arch 5926: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5865: 5863: 5859: 5858: 5856: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5784: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5772: 5766: 5760: 5755: 5749: 5744: 5738: 5732: 5730: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5718: 5712: 5706: 5700: 5694: 5688: 5685:London Stadium 5682: 5676: 5670: 5664: 5661:Craven Cottage 5658: 5652: 5646: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5613: 5611: 5602: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5543:Lambeth Bridge 5540: 5535: 5530: 5528:Chelsea Bridge 5525: 5520: 5515: 5509: 5507: 5498: 5490: 5489: 5481: 5480: 5473: 5466: 5458: 5449: 5448: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5436: 5425: 5424: 5415: 5414: 5398: 5397: 5392: 5386: 5377: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5347: 5341: 5318: 5316: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5302:City of London 5294: 5293: 5286: 5279: 5271: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5258: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5240: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5190:Chiswick House 5187: 5181: 5179: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5138: 5137: 5129: 5127:The George Inn 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5093: 5091: 5089:National Trust 5085: 5084: 5082: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5055: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5043: 5038: 5036:King's Gallery 5032: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4958:Hackney Museum 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4919: 4917: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4878: 4876: 4864: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4678: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4670: 4669: 4667: 4666: 4660: 4658: 4649: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4574: 4568: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4556: 4551: 4545: 4543: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4533: 4531:Science Museum 4527: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4494: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4482: 4477: 4469: 4463: 4461: 4452: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4404:British Museum 4401: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4379: 4378: 4371: 4370: 4363: 4356: 4348: 4338:Wikidata query 4334: 4331: 4330: 4319: 4317: 4310: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4287: 4286: 4269: 4252: 4223: 4220: 4219:External links 4217: 4215: 4214: 4192: 4167: 4142: 4117: 4092: 4067: 4042: 4017: 3992: 3967: 3952: 3932: 3920: 3905: 3874: 3849: 3837: 3825: 3810: 3790: 3778: 3759: 3741: 3729: 3714: 3694: 3680: 3654: 3628: 3591: 3565: 3556: 3528: 3521: 3503: 3479: 3467: 3458: 3442: 3416: 3409: 3391: 3384: 3368:Stenton, Frank 3359: 3345:Wheeler, Kip. 3337: 3330: 3312: 3294: 3264: 3238: 3216: 3204: 3175: 3155: 3128: 3113: 3090: 3075: 3055: 3043: 3017: 2990:(2): 211–224. 2965: 2948: 2936: 2918: 2903: 2897:. p. 47. 2874: 2849: 2810: 2795: 2745: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2713: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2668: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2610: 2607: 2567: 2557: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2409: 2365: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2340: 2337: 2289: 2279: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2237: 2190: 2180: 2148: 2144: 2143: 2140: 2094: 2084: 2052: 2048: 2047: 2044: 1985: 1975: 1943: 1939: 1938: 1935: 1915:City of London 1870: 1860: 1828: 1819: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1787: 1781: 1779: 1747: 1740: 1739: 1737: 1731: 1729: 1697: 1691: 1690: 1687: 1681: 1671: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1625: 1615: 1583: 1579: 1578: 1577:Public access 1575: 1569: 1559: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1511: 1509: 1477: 1473: 1472: 1465: 1459: 1449: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1406: 1394: 1368: 1336: 1332: 1331: 1324: 1322: 1312: 1280: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1219: 1216: 1205: 1202: 1190:Watling Street 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1161: 1158: 1141: 1138: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1091: 1088: 1043: 1040: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 976: 973: 951: 948: 942: 939: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 882: 879: 875:City of London 866: 863: 819: 816: 792: 789: 691: 688: 644: 641: 612: 609: 582:King of Wessex 546: 543: 541: 538: 492: 489: 450: 447: 387: 384: 356:Hadrian's Wall 313: 310: 308: 305: 289:City of London 260:City of London 240:defensive wall 222: 221: 218: 217: 212: 209: 208: 205: 204: 201: 197: 196: 193: 189: 188: 184: 183: 174: 170: 169: 163: 159: 158: 155: 151: 150: 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 124: 120: 119: 107:51.51°N 0.08°W 87: 83: 82: 80:Greater London 77: 73: 72: 71:Central London 69: 65: 64: 58: 49: 48: 42: 41: 40: 39: 36: 35: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7222: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7114:Sloane Street 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7104:Regent Street 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7084:Oxford Street 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7054:Jermyn Street 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6987: 6983: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6971:Sloane Square 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6946:Covent Garden 6944: 6943: 6941: 6939:public spaces 6936: 6932: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6911:Victoria Park 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6901:Osterley Park 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6871:Finsbury Park 6869: 6867: 6866:Epping Forest 6864: 6862: 6861:College Green 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6825:Richmond Park 6823: 6821: 6820:Regent's Park 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6770: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6594: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6513: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6440: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6358: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6312:Camden Market 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6239: 6237: 6235: 6231: 6228: 6224: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6146: 6140: 6139:Young V&A 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6059: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6040: 6039: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6010: 6006: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5989:Scotland Yard 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5964:Mansion House 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5915: 5905: 5904:Wembley Arena 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5860: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5770: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5728:sports venues 5723: 5716: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5697:Selhurst Park 5695: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5655:Brisbane Road 5653: 5650: 5647: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5634: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598:Entertainment 5595: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5558:Putney Bridge 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5548:London Bridge 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5513:Albert Bridge 5511: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494:Buildings and 5491: 5486: 5479: 5474: 5472: 5467: 5465: 5460: 5459: 5456: 5445: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5421: 5417: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5399: 5396: 5393: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5370: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5352: 5348: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5334: 5333: 5328: 5327: 5323: 5313: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5292: 5287: 5285: 5280: 5278: 5273: 5272: 5269: 5257: 5249: 5248: 5245: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5200:Eltham Palace 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5182: 5180: 5178: 5174: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5147:Osterley Park 5145: 5143: 5140: 5135: 5134: 5133: 5132:Lindsey House 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5097:2 Willow Road 5095: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5086: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5048: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5025: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4938:Cuming Museum 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4923:Barnet Museum 4921: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4826:Postal Museum 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4756:Garden Museum 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4736:Design Museum 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4693: 4690: 4683: 4679: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4653: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4621:Jewish Museum 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4603: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4573: 4572:Young V&A 4570: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4561: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4520: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4508:Queen's House 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4487: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4475: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4456: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4396: 4393: 4389: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4369: 4364: 4362: 4357: 4355: 4350: 4349: 4346: 4339: 4327: 4326:MediaWiki.org 4323: 4318: 4309: 4308: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4284:from Wikidata 4283: 4282: 4270: 4266: 4265: 4264:Travel guides 4253: 4249: 4248: 4236: 4235: 4232: 4226: 4202: 4196: 4181: 4177: 4171: 4156: 4152: 4146: 4131: 4127: 4121: 4106: 4102: 4096: 4081: 4077: 4071: 4056: 4052: 4046: 4031: 4027: 4021: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3981: 3977: 3971: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3949: 3945: 3944: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3906:0-510-03401-2 3902: 3898: 3897: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3863: 3859: 3853: 3846: 3841: 3834: 3829: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3811:0-668-02326-0 3807: 3803: 3802: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3738: 3733: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3715:0-904818-13-6 3711: 3707: 3706: 3698: 3690: 3684: 3668: 3664: 3658: 3642: 3641:airminded.org 3638: 3632: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3595: 3579: 3575: 3569: 3560: 3545: 3538: 3532: 3524: 3518: 3514: 3507: 3500: 3496: 3493:(examples of 3492: 3488: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3462: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3412: 3406: 3403:. Blackwell. 3402: 3395: 3387: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3363: 3348: 3341: 3333: 3327: 3324:. Blackwell. 3323: 3316: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3268: 3252: 3248: 3242: 3226: 3220: 3213: 3208: 3200: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3172: 3168: 3167: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3132: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3114:0-906780-98-5 3110: 3103: 3102: 3094: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3076:0-903290-18-9 3072: 3068: 3067: 3059: 3052: 3047: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3021: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2984:Urban History 2981: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2945: 2940: 2932: 2928: 2922: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2891: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2863: 2859: 2853: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2814: 2807: 2802: 2800: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2750: 2734: 2730: 2724: 2720: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2681: 2679: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2627: 2621: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2606: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2516: 2510: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2495: 2489: 2481: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2466: 2460: 2452: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2437: 2431: 2423: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2414: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2392: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2360: 2352: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2290: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2222: 2221: 2217: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2191: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2149: 2146: 2145: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2112: 2109: 2104: 2101: 2100:'London Wall 2098: 2095: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2017: 2016: 2012: 1994: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1888: 1886: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1871: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1698: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1632: 1630: 1626: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1395: 1389: 1381: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1323: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1236: 1229: 1224: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1182:Oxford Street 1179: 1165: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1144:Route to the 1137: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1056: 1048: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1024: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 989: 981: 972: 970: 966: 962: 958: 947: 941:Post-war loss 938: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 912: 908: 906: 887: 878: 876: 872: 862: 860: 856: 852: 847: 845: 841: 837: 829: 824: 811: 807: 805: 801: 797: 788: 786: 782: 777: 775: 772:(within) and 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 750:London Bridge 747: 743: 739: 735: 730: 728: 723: 718: 716: 711: 709: 705: 701: 700:crenellations 697: 687: 685: 684:Frank Stenton 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 657: 653: 649: 640: 637: 635: 631: 627: 623: 618: 608: 606: 602: 598: 594: 591: 587: 583: 578: 576: 572: 568: 556: 551: 537: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 518: 512: 510: 506: 498: 488: 486: 481: 479: 475: 467: 464: 459: 457: 446: 443: 439: 435: 432: 427: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 383: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 364:Roman emperor 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 340: 336: 334: 323: 318: 304: 300: 298: 294: 290: 285: 283: 279: 275: 270: 268: 263: 261: 257: 256:modern street 249: 245: 241: 237: 228: 219: 215: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 185: 182: 178: 175: 171: 164: 160: 156: 152: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 128: 127:Fortification 125: 121: 116: 88: 84: 81: 78: 74: 70: 66: 46: 37: 30: 25: 19: 7190:Roman London 7044:Fleet Street 6999:Baker Street 6886:Holland Park 6851:Burgess Park 6603:City Airport 6556: 6537:The Cenotaph 6114:Tate Britain 6057: 6045:Golden Hinde 6044: 6036: 5999:Thames House 5994:SIS Building 5959:Horse Guards 5889:The O2 Arena 5573:Tower Bridge 5407:Billingsgate 5383: 5349: 5336: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5319: 5214: 5185:Apsley House 5167:Sutton House 5152:Rainham Hall 5122:Fenton House 4928:Bruce Castle 4892:Freud Museum 4549:Tate Britain 4473: 4279: 4262: 4250:from Commons 4245: 4224: 4205:. Retrieved 4195: 4183:. Retrieved 4179: 4170: 4158:. Retrieved 4154: 4145: 4133:. Retrieved 4129: 4120: 4108:. Retrieved 4104: 4095: 4083:. Retrieved 4079: 4070: 4058:. Retrieved 4054: 4045: 4033:. Retrieved 4029: 4020: 4008:. Retrieved 4004: 3995: 3983:. Retrieved 3979: 3970: 3942: 3935: 3923: 3895: 3865:. Retrieved 3861: 3852: 3840: 3828: 3800: 3793: 3781: 3772: 3762: 3753: 3744: 3732: 3704: 3697: 3683: 3671:. Retrieved 3666: 3657: 3645:. Retrieved 3640: 3631: 3601: 3594: 3584:29 September 3582:. Retrieved 3578:the original 3568: 3559: 3547:. Retrieved 3544:colat.org.uk 3543: 3531: 3512: 3506: 3498: 3494: 3482: 3470: 3461: 3445: 3433:. Retrieved 3429:the original 3419: 3400: 3394: 3371: 3362: 3350:. Retrieved 3340: 3321: 3315: 3307:the original 3297: 3285:. Retrieved 3281:the original 3267: 3255:. Retrieved 3251:the original 3241: 3229:. Retrieved 3219: 3211: 3207: 3165: 3158: 3141: 3131: 3100: 3093: 3065: 3058: 3050: 3046: 3027: 3020: 2987: 2983: 2951: 2939: 2930: 2921: 2889: 2865:. Retrieved 2861: 2852: 2827: 2823: 2813: 2805: 2765: 2761: 2736:. Retrieved 2732: 2723: 2644:51°31′00.5″N 2603: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2577: 2573: 2572: 2569: 2533:51°31′03.6″N 2405: 2401: 2398: 2394: 2393: 2375: 2371: 2370: 2367: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2318: 2317: 2299: 2295: 2294: 2291: 2255:51°30′53.3″N 2234: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2219: 2218: 2200: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2156:51°30′49.2″N 2134: 2123: 2120: 2113: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2060:51°30′35.4″N 2040: 2036: 2018: 2014: 2013: 1995: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1951:51°30′35.6″N 1924: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1890:The Walk is 1889: 1881: 1876: 1875: 1872: 1836:51°30′34.1″N 1825: 1814:Description 1808:Coordinates 1784: 1755:51°30′55.3″N 1734: 1705:51°31′00.2″N 1684: 1647:51°31′03.0″N 1628: 1591:51°31′03.4″N 1572: 1514: 1485:51°30′43.8″N 1462: 1425:51°30′38.1″N 1409: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1344:51°30′35.7″N 1288:51°30′28.4″N 1263:Coordinates 1237: 1233: 1209:Fleet Street 1207: 1178:High Holborn 1176: 1163: 1143: 1114: 1093: 1061: 1029: 990: 986: 953: 944: 928: 917: 903: 900:London Blitz 884: 868: 848: 833: 794: 778: 773: 769: 731: 719: 712: 693: 661: 656:Lancastrians 638: 616: 614: 579: 560: 533: 515: 513: 494: 482: 460: 456:River Thames 452: 441: 428: 389: 354:who overran 341: 337: 326: 301: 286: 271: 266: 264: 235: 233: 112:51.51; -0.08 18: 7064:King's Road 7009:Bond Street 7004:Bishopsgate 6891:Kew Gardens 6782:Royal Parks 6724:Kew Gardens 6562:Marble Arch 6557:London Wall 6491:Heron Tower 6486:The Gherkin 6443:Skyscrapers 6302:Brent Cross 6290:and markets 6272:Peter Jones 6119:Tate Modern 5949:County Hall 5726:Other major 5691:Plough Lane 5679:Loftus Road 5651:(Brentford) 5380:Bishopsgate 5369:Cripplegate 5351:Holborn Bar 5322:London Wall 5215:London Wall 5205:Jewel Tower 5162:Roman Baths 4933:Burgh House 4554:Tate Modern 4322:Phabricator 4225:London Wall 4207:23 February 4185:23 February 4160:23 February 4135:23 February 4110:23 February 4060:23 February 4035:25 February 4010:25 February 3985:25 February 3833:Roman House 3623:j.ctvxbpjbm 3501:being used) 3287:2 September 2944:London Wall 2830:(1): 3–14. 2659: / 2647:0°05′48.6″W 2548: / 2536:0°05′43.4″W 2270: / 2258:0°04′44.3″W 2245:Bevis Marks 2171: / 2159:0°04′37.1″W 2114:During the 2075: / 2063:0°04′34.0″W 1966: / 1954:0°04′34.5″W 1931:Blackfriars 1851: / 1839:0°04′33.1″W 1770: / 1758:0°06′06.1″W 1720: / 1708:0°05′48.7″W 1662: / 1650:0°05′43.5″W 1606: / 1594:0°05′25.9″W 1550: / 1500: / 1488:0°04′35.4″W 1440: / 1428:0°04′34.1″W 1416:Tower Hill 1359: / 1347:0°04′33.7″W 1303: / 1291:0°04′32.2″W 1198:River Fleet 1150:Clerkenwell 1140:Cripplegate 1090:Bishopsgate 1076:East Anglia 1002:Bishopsgate 924:Cripplegate 869:During the 851:Holborn Bar 804:River Fleet 762:Cripplegate 758:Bishopsgate 715:Houndsditch 580:In 886 the 567:Anglo-Saxon 509:Westminster 478:White Tower 408:Bishopsgate 404:Cripplegate 346:before the 333:Cripplegate 262:, England. 236:London Wall 110: / 86:Coordinates 22:London Wall 7149:Categories 7094:Piccadilly 6906:Trent Park 6795:Green Park 6790:Bushy Park 6739:London Zoo 6552:London Eye 6515:Structures 6419:Kew Palace 6402:Unoccupied 6277:Selfridges 6038:Cutty Sark 5974:Old Bailey 5917:Government 5853:Vaudeville 5709:The Valley 5669:(Millwall) 5496:structures 5363:Aldersgate 5338:Temple Bar 5195:Down House 5136:restricted 5074:Kew Palace 5041:Royal Mews 4943:Forty Hall 4875:(selected) 4766:Hall Place 4498:Cutty Sark 3491:HRI Online 3435:6 February 3352:19 January 3185:1029805274 2716:References 1823:Tower Hill 1745:Old Bailey 1535:51°31′05″N 1213:the Strand 1160:Aldersgate 1121:Moorfields 1084:Colchester 969:Old Bailey 881:Demolition 855:Temple Bar 844:Moorfields 754:Aldersgate 742:Farringdon 727:Moorfields 708:Tower Hill 680:Winchester 485:Queenhithe 416:Aldersgate 322:Tower Hill 187:Site notes 7134:Whitehall 7089:Park Lane 7049:Haymarket 7024:Cheapside 6810:Hyde Park 6744:Oxo Tower 6596:Transport 6496:The Shard 6262:Hatchards 6226:Retailing 6056:HMS 6014:galleries 5954:Guildhall 5823:Palladium 5803:Criterion 5765:(cricket) 5754:(cricket) 5705:(Chelsea) 5675:(Arsenal) 5487:landmarks 5326:City bars 5157:Red House 3962:228569236 3451:John Stow 3193:cite book 3038:654379713 3012:144209070 3004:0963-9268 2931:Channel 4 2913:607246513 2844:0305-8034 2790:194811909 2782:0066-622X 2768:: 75–99. 2344:Moorgate 1805:Location 1538:0°05′33″W 1260:Location 1194:St Albans 1154:Islington 1080:Stratford 905:The Blitz 798:gave the 634:Southwark 571:Lundenwic 438:Maidstone 248:Londinium 203:Partially 192:Condition 7074:The Mall 7029:Cornhill 6719:BT Tower 6506:Tower 42 5808:Dominion 5798:Coliseum 5780:Theatres 5763:The Oval 5743:(rowing) 5663:(Fulham) 5617:BFI IMAX 5430:The six 5405:-gates: 5375:Moorgate 5256:Category 3724:60081387 3370:(1971). 3257:31 March 3123:29593648 2689:See also 1885:Barbican 1811:Gallery 1469:citizenM 1266:Gallery 1218:Bastions 1129:Walbrook 1125:Finsbury 1123:area of 1111:Moorgate 1064:Walbrook 994:Moorgate 796:Edward I 766:division 734:the City 722:Walbrook 670:by King 565:500, an 526:Crayford 507:area of 434:ragstone 420:Moorgate 380:Scotland 154:Material 144:0.514 m² 68:Location 6994:Aldwych 6986:Streets 6935:Squares 6532:Big Ben 6267:Liberty 6252:Harrods 6247:Hamleys 6058:Belfast 6009:Museums 5818:Old Vic 5788:Adelphi 5771:(rugby) 5667:The Den 5609:Cinemas 5505:Bridges 5411:Dowgate 5389:Aldgate 5357:Newgate 5344:Ludgate 4474:Belfast 4324:and on 4085:21 July 3867:1 March 3673:4 March 3647:4 March 3549:29 June 3231:3 March 3085:6663061 2867:4 March 2738:3 March 2587:⁄ 2385:⁄ 2309:⁄ 2210:⁄ 2028:⁄ 2005:⁄ 1899:⁄ 1204:Ludgate 1173:Newgate 1117:postern 1096:Lincoln 1068:Aldgate 1042:Aldgate 922:around 652:Yorkist 605:Danelaw 601:Chester 597:Guthrum 593:warlord 466:pirates 431:Kentish 424:postern 412:Aldgate 400:Newgate 396:Ludgate 307:History 258:in the 173:Periods 162:Founded 149:History 95:51°31′N 7119:Strand 5813:Lyceum 5752:Lord's 5600:venues 5485:London 5420:Bridge 3960: 3950: 3915:400574 3913: 3903: 3845:Z-maps 3818: 3808: 3722: 3712: 3669:. 2010 3621: 3519: 3489:& 3407: 3382: 3328: 3183: 3173: 3121: 3111: 3083: 3073: 3036: 3010: 3002: 2911: 2901: 2842: 2788: 2780: 2395:Tile 5 2108:Romans 1919:Romans 1817:Notes 1272:Notes 1008:Course 961:Trajan 840:Stow's 746:Bridge 628:. The 626:Mercia 590:Danish 575:Strand 374:(near 344:Romans 244:Romans 168:AD 200 133:Length 98:0°05′W 76:Region 6839:Other 6773:Parks 6697:Other 6234:Shops 5879:ExCeL 5862:Other 5434:gates 5432:Roman 5403:Water 5298:Gates 4336:(See 4247:Media 3820:85224 3619:JSTOR 3540:(PDF) 3499:extra 3495:infra 3105:(PDF) 3008:S2CID 2786:S2CID 1927:Saxon 1072:Essex 774:extra 770:infra 738:wards 561:From 463:Saxon 442:fossa 352:Picts 238:is a 177:Roman 5409:and 5384:Bars 5324:and 4541:Tate 4472:HMS 4281:Data 4209:2021 4187:2021 4162:2021 4137:2021 4112:2021 4087:2022 4062:2021 4037:2021 4012:2021 3987:2021 3958:OCLC 3948:ISBN 3911:OCLC 3901:ISBN 3869:2021 3816:OCLC 3806:ISBN 3720:OCLC 3710:ISBN 3675:2021 3649:2021 3586:2015 3551:2023 3517:ISBN 3497:and 3437:2014 3405:ISBN 3380:ISBN 3354:2016 3326:ISBN 3289:2016 3259:2013 3233:2021 3199:link 3181:OCLC 3171:ISBN 3119:OCLC 3109:ISBN 3081:OCLC 3071:ISBN 3034:OCLC 3029:1980 3000:ISSN 2909:OCLC 2899:ISBN 2869:2021 2840:ISSN 2778:ISSN 2740:2021 1211:and 1180:and 1152:and 1100:York 1098:and 1082:and 1078:via 1074:and 783:and 760:and 630:burh 514:The 495:The 410:and 376:Lyon 272:The 234:The 141:Area 123:Type 6937:and 6011:and 3611:doi 3146:doi 2992:doi 2832:doi 2770:doi 1192:to 706:at 632:of 499:in 250:in 179:to 7151:: 5382:† 4178:. 4153:. 4128:. 4103:. 4078:. 4053:. 4028:. 4003:. 3978:. 3956:. 3909:. 3877:^ 3860:. 3814:. 3771:. 3752:. 3718:. 3665:. 3639:. 3617:. 3609:. 3542:. 3275:. 3195:}} 3191:{{ 3179:. 3140:. 3117:. 3079:. 3006:. 2998:. 2988:20 2986:. 2982:. 2968:^ 2929:. 2907:. 2877:^ 2860:. 2838:. 2826:. 2822:. 2798:^ 2784:. 2776:. 2766:49 2764:. 2760:. 2748:^ 2731:. 2138:' 2021:14 1200:. 1156:. 1148:, 971:. 937:. 857:, 853:, 787:. 756:, 710:. 678:. 607:. 595:, 584:, 577:. 563:c. 501:c. 470:c. 414:. 406:, 402:, 398:, 329:c. 299:. 252:c. 166:c. 5477:e 5470:t 5463:v 5428:† 5391:† 5371:† 5365:† 5359:† 5346:† 5290:e 5283:t 5276:v 4367:e 4360:t 4353:v 4340:) 4328:. 4233:: 4211:. 4189:. 4164:. 4139:. 4114:. 4089:. 4064:. 4039:. 4014:. 3989:. 3964:. 3917:. 3871:. 3822:. 3775:. 3756:. 3726:. 3691:. 3677:. 3651:. 3625:. 3613:: 3588:. 3553:. 3525:. 3439:. 3413:. 3388:. 3356:. 3334:. 3291:. 3261:. 3235:. 3201:) 3187:. 3148:: 3125:. 3087:. 3040:. 3014:. 2994:: 2933:. 2915:. 2871:. 2846:. 2834:: 2828:7 2792:. 2772:: 2742:. 2589:4 2585:3 2582:+ 2580:1 2387:4 2383:3 2380:+ 2378:1 2311:4 2307:3 2304:+ 2302:1 2212:4 2208:3 2205:+ 2203:1 2030:2 2026:1 2023:+ 2007:4 2003:3 2000:+ 1998:1 1901:4 1897:3 1894:+ 1892:1 524:(

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index