Surfboard - Knowledge

909:. These are also called "Mals", a shortened form of "Malibu boards". They range from 270 to 430 cm (9 to 14 ft) long, or 90 cm (3 ft) taller than the rider in overall length. The advantage of a longboard is its substantial buoyancy and planing surface enable surfers to ride waves generally deemed too small to propel a shortboard. Longboards are more suitable for beginners because of the board's size and ease of catching waves. In the proper conditions, a skilled surfer can ride a wave standing on the nose of a longboard with their toes over the nose's edge: in this way, with the "toes on the nose", the surfer can "hang ten". Compared to the shortboards, longboards are considerably easier to learn on as they are capable of achieving stability, thus making the transition quite difficult. 929:. Surfing was brought to the Hawaiian Islands by Polynesians and has since become popular worldwide. The ancient boards were carved and fashioned out of solid wood, reaching lengths of 300 to 430 cm (10 to 14 ft) long and weighing as much as 70 kg. Both men and women, royalty and commoners surfed. But the longest of boards (the Olo) was reserved for royalty. During the 19th century, some extreme western missionaries actively discouraged surfing, viewing it as sinful. Surfing almost died out completely. In recent times replicas have been made of Olo's and alaia's by experienced surfers and shapers wishing to explore the roots of the sport. 746:

core. The "skin", made of a gloss coated foam, is stretched and adhered while vacuumed over the surface of the entire epoxy surfboard. The purpose of the cush is for dampening of chatter, absorption of impact landings, airs, grip, and overall added protection for a light epoxy board. Jim Richardson, 25-year veteran shaper on the North Shore of Oahu, first pioneered this technology in the mid 1990s. And recently a few company's including Spacestick, Radiowake and CUSH (brand) have begun to market the advancements to the surfing community. Spacestick and CUSH surfboards are the current manufacturer for the various brands as of 2018.

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some ride boards up to 370 cm (12 ft) in length. Additionally, there is a revival of stand-up paddle-based surfing with boards up to 430 cm (14 ft) in length (for stability). The classic single-fin longboard retains much of its classic design including a single fin, weight, and considerable buoyancy. A longboard with a single fin allows the board to pivot turn in order to remain in the curl of the wave. Due to recent advances in technology, the longboard has expanded its family into different variations of the classic longboard.

602:(XPS foam) is somewhat heavier than EPS, and usually weighs as much as PU or more. XPS has a homogenous structure consisting of several layers of continuously extruded closed cells. XPS therefore resists water absorption very well, since there are no air gaps between the beads. Depending on construction, XPS boards may however be more prone delamination due to the closed structure preventing the epoxy resin getting a good grip on the foam. Improvements in manufacturing has alleviated some of these problems. XPS boards typically don't have a vent. 1017:, this racy longboard shape is a little narrower than most, with slightly pulled in nose and tail sections for extra maneuverability on Malibu's famous right hand point breaks. This classic shape has been ridden and praised by experienced surfers for its maneuverability and performance. Classic tricks that can be performed on a Malibu are "Hang Fives" and "Hang tens" whereby the surfer walks to the nose of the board and hangs 5 or 10 toes over the nose, the "soul arch", drop knee turns, head dips, switch stance maneuvers, and so on. 978:

practical purposes. But in the early 1990s, the longboard returned, integrating a number of the design features invented during the shortboard revolution. Surfers rediscovered the grace and poise – the "glide" – of the longboard, and the fun of classic maneuvers that are not possible on a shortboard. In some circles, the battle between longboards and shortboards continues. But many surfers live by a philosophy of finding the joy of surfing a mix of boards and surfing styles to suit the waves of the day.

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wood, or carbon onto the bottom and deck of the EPS foam core, usually separating the two layers with lightweight fiberglass cloth (2 oz pr. sq.yd, or 70 g/m) or other composites cloths. This can also be accompanied with parabolic rails made of balsa or other buoyant woods, carbon, or other high-density materials. This blank construction is then laminated with epoxy resin and fiberglass or other composite cloth as any other surfboard would be, by hand or via vacuum bag.

177:. These concaves have different uses and vary among different types of surfboards. Most concaves on the modern shortboard begin about 30 cm (12 in) back from the nose of the board on the bottom and then carry out through the middle to the tail of the surfboard. The purpose of concave is to direct water through the fins of the surfboard. Surfboard shapers sometimes experiment with concaves to create different drive and response characteristics on each individual surfboard. 669: 894: 581:

polyester resin on these boards, is that the polystyrene foam reacts chemically upon contact with polyester resin, causing the PS foam to melt. EPS and XPS have the advantages that they are more environmentally friendly, can last longer and are recyclable. However, they are more time consuming to shape by hand, taking for example 2 to 4 times as long to build. Often PS boards are not as stiff as PU boards, which may be the reason most professional surfers still prefer PU.

881: 802: 38: 873: 385: 705:.) Various construction methods are used to hollow the inside of the surfboard and lighten the weight of the completed board. Generally, a hollow wood surfboard is 30% to 300% heavier than a standard foam and resin surfboard. The main inspiration, apart from beauty, is that this is a more environmentally friendly method of construction (compared to epoxy and polyurethane methods) which uses fast-growing plantation wood such as 777:(fins) but sometimes with two or as many as five. Surfers generally find a shortboard quick to maneuver compared with other types of surfboards, but because of a lack of flotation due to the smaller size, the shortboard is harder to catch waves with, often requiring steeper, larger and more powerful waves and very late takeoffs, where the surfer catches the wave at the critical moment before it breaks. 341: 144: 445: 566:

are usually more affordable compared to other foam materials. Some drawbacks are the toxicity of the material, that it is non-recyclable and that the PU foam is more flexible than some alternatives, making the board less stiff so that it can bend and twist more during use. PU foam can also absorb water and yellow over time. It is also possible to build PU boards using

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wave as it displaces the water in its path. The resulting turbulence places drag on the surfboard. The bulb of the Bullet Fin reduces this drag by creating a new (primary) fin wave in front of the original (secondary) wave. This new bulb wave is designed to be nearly 180 degrees out of phase with the original fin wave to subtract its turbulence thus reducing fin drag.

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It is possible to buy such semi-finished EPS boards (known as "pop out boards") to which the buyer can add glassfiber and resin themselves. Another drawback with EPS foam is that it absorbs water more easily. EPS has a structure consisting of individually closed cells, but there are air gaps between the cells themselves where water can enter. This gives EPS a higher

324:. Several fin manufacturers tried making some fins at that time, after the article was discussed on Swaylock's design Forum. The process of grinding bumps, which are properly foiled, into an existing fin is an arduous, time consuming task. Hand foiling tubercles can take up to 40 hours+. Roy Stuart worked on wooden prototypes for years before creating the first 844:

more easily than a shortboard, yet with a shape that makes it more maneuverable than a longboard; hence it is a popular type of surfboard, especially among beginners or those transitioning from longboarding to the more difficult shortboarding. It is considered a good combination of the speed of a longboard and the maneuverability of a shortboard.

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turning capabilities. In a Thruster, the symmetrically-foiled center fin is flanked by twin asymmetric, cambered fins. The camber is angled front in and top in, directing energy from the incoming wave to lift the board and straighten it, not dissimilar from the force vectoring provided by the geometry of a rocket's nozzle.

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The Composite Sandwich type of board construction became popular among garage shapers and later, major manufacturers, during the 1990s and 2000s. This construction method entails hand- or machine-shaping a foam blank from EPS foam and then vacuum-bagging or hand-laminating a more dense layer of foam,

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One of the most recent modern advancements in surfboard technology is the creation of high performance boards which are wrapped in a stretchable soft skin which does not absorb water. The internal structure of Cush (cushion) boards is an epoxy surfboard with an EPS (extruded polystyrene) shaped foam

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method, which favors a central stringer with individually shaped transverse ribs covered with a skin and rails. A modern interpretation of Tom Blake's work is the perimeter stringer method used by some manufacturers, utilizing laminated rails as stringers connected with a series of plywood ribs. This

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EPS and XPS boards are sometimes erroneously referred to as "epoxy boards", while PU boards sometimes are erroneously referred to as "fiberglass boards". These designations are not correct. Firstly, fiberglass is the most common skin for all the mentioned foam types. Secondly, PU foam boards can also

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is the lightest foam material commonly used to produce surfboards today, being lighter than both PU and XPS. A drawback to EPS is that it is difficult to shape by hand, and EPS boards are therefore typically made using machines where the shaping of the foam is near completed after the molding itself.

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This refers to the vertical curve of the board between nose and tail. Rockers may be described as either heavy (steeply curved) or relaxed (less curved) and may be either continuous (a single curve between tip of nose and end of tail) or staged (distinct flat section in middle portion of board). The

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independently developed a similar design, but Brown himself gave Blake precedence: "(I made my first surfboard keel) about '36 or '37, somewhere in there; about the same time. But, I didn't know anything about (Blake) and his experiments with adding fins to surfboards. See, we were all separated out.

1589:"As most of us can’t afford a large quiver of boards, one really solid option you can consider is looking at having your board made with PU foam and Epoxy resin. This will give you the trusty feel and performance of your standard board, but with the added strength of epoxy resin instead of polyester" 843:

The funboard combines elements of both shortboards and longboards and are generally midsized, usually have a length of 210 to 240 cm (7 to 8 ft), thickness of 6 to 8 cm (2.5 to 3 in) and width of 53 to 56 cm (21 to 22 in). The funboard's design allows waves to be caught

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have been used in surfboards since the 1950s, and is, therefore, the oldest of the modern construction methods. Many hand-shaped boards are made of PU since it is a brittle material, making it easy to form by hand using sandpaper, shortening the build time. Both PU boards made by hand or by machines

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The edges of the board. A rounded rail is called "soft", while a more squared-off rail is called "hard", and rails that are in between are termed "50/50" ("fifty-fifty"). Larger, fuller rails contain a greater volume of foam giving the board increased buoyancy along the edge, while sharper, narrower

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or planking called Hollowboards came into use. These were typically 460 to 610 cm (15 to 20 ft) in length and very light. During the 1950s, the surf trend took off dramatically as it obtained a substantial amount of popularity as a sport. The design and material of longboards in the 1950s

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Soft skin construction, such as Cush or Spacestick boards, adds an additional soft shell skin to the outside of a sandwich construction board. The soft skin is vacuumed to the cloth and epoxy so that the soft shell is exposed--- meaning the hard glass and resin are protected inside, and under, the

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wood's surfboard history originates in the Hawaiians, and the wood lead surfing's landfall on the US west coast in the 1940s. Being light and strong, balsa wood was long considered a perfect material for surfboards. Shapers could not use this fragile wood to make entire surfboards until after WWII,

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Surfboard traction pads, deck grips, tailpads. There are several names for this piece of foam applied to the top of a surfboard to increase the grip and allow surfers to have more control and perform more high performance maneuvers. Traction pads are used on both shortboards and longboards, usually

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Bullet Fins were invented in the 2005 by Ron Pettibone to increase surfboard hull planing and rail-to-rail transition speed. The patent-pending fins are based on 50 years of hydrodynamic research on the bulbous bow hull design. Just as with the bow of a ship, the traditional surfboard fin creates a

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The 2+1 longboard is the most versatile board of the longboard family, offering greater maneuverability. Sometimes referred as a "single-fin with training wheels", the 2+1's fins actually takes the features of the classic longboard and the Tri-fin. The fins of the 2+1 take the rigid stability of a

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The modern longboard has undergone many changes since its earlier models in the past. Today's longboard is much lighter than its predecessors. Its polyurethane foam and fiberglass design allows less drag on waves. Today's longboards are typically 240 to 300 cm (8 to 10 ft) long, although

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The tri-fin's design attempts to incorporate the glide of a longboard and the performance of a shortboard into a single layout. The additional fins ensure that even what riding down the line, two, or at least one, vertical control surface is in black water (not unstable foam) allows riders better

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Fins with a camber have an asymmetrical profile. In windsurfing camber is used to increase the lift to drag ratio of the fin and to minimise cavitation and the risk of spin-out. In particular windsurfers trying to improve speed records use camber fins, as the maximum performance is required on one

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to hold the fins in place. These systems provided surfers with the ability to alter the riding characteristics of a surfboard, by changing the size and shape of fins used. This innovation opened the market to a range of fin designs, including single foiled fins, concave inside surfaces, and curved

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A mid length surfboard is generally 177cm to 200cm (7' to 8') in length with a slightly more performance-focused shape than the similar-sized normal board. Narrow outline & thruster-fin set-up make it a close companion in size and performance to a round-outline single-fin mini mal. Mid length

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The construction is referred to as a sandwich as it consists of the top skin, fiberglass or other composite cloth, the EPS core, fiberglass or other composite cloth, and the bottom skin, the cross section of which appears as a sandwich with the different layers. Firewire Surfboards pioneered this

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and it remains a popular choice. They are made stronger with one or more stringers going down the middle of the board. The foam is molded into a "blank", in the rough shape of a surfboard. Once the blanks have been made they are given to shapers. Shapers then cut, plane, and sand the board to its

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is that between the tail and the middle/ flattest portion. An increase in flip helps keep the board from "pearling"; larger boards often require a greater flip. A larger kick adds maneuverability and lift to the tail at speed and provides tail sensitivity in critical turns. More relaxed rockers

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The shape of the tail affects how a board responds. Tail shapes vary from square, pin, squash, swallow, diamond, and so on—each one in turn having its own family of smaller variants. A pin tail causes the board to move faster in the water, whereas the hip tail is created to help balance more than

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A "Quad" four fins, typically arranged as two pairs of thrusters in wing formation, which are quick down the line but tend to lose energy through turns. The energy is lost as the board goes up the wave because the fins are now vectoring energy from the oncoming water toward the back of the board,

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Modern hybrid boards are usually 180 to 260 cm (6 to 8.5 ft) in length with a more rounded profile and tail shape. Hybrid boards are usually used in smaller waves and can have any fin set up. They are more about having fun than high performance or tricks. They can be easier to ride for

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Since the late 1960s when Gordon Clark found the optimum formulation of urethane foam, many of the surfboards in common use have been of the shortboard variety between 180 and 210 cm (6 and 7 ft) in length with a pointed nose and a rounded or squarish tail, typically with three "skegs"

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has a lower weight, but is not as strong as the more traditional PU foam. The PS foam core is therefore enclosed with a layer of epoxy to increase strength. Within polystyrene, mainly two types are used in surfboard construction; EPS and XPS. The reason epoxy resin is used exclusively instead of

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Traditionally board lengths have been sized according to the height of the surfer, meaning in general that longer boards would be recommended for taller surfers. Standard dimensions for board size has for long been the board's length, width and thickness. More recently however, the weight of the

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In the 1960s, the introduction of the shortboard, averaging 200 cm (6 ft 6 in), allowed surfers to make tighter turns, quicker maneuvers, and achieve faster speeds, thus radically changing the way people surfed. This "shortboard revolution" nearly made longboards obsolete for all

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Although foam boards are usually shaped by hand, the use of machines to shape them has become increasingly popular. Vacuum forming and modern sandwich construction techniques borrowed from other industries have also become common. Many surfers have switched to riding sandwich-construction epoxy

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The board's rails and deck may also be referred to as having rocker. A board with a v-shaped tail, for example, has had the lower/ outer portion of its rear rails reduced, increasing its tail rail rocker. Having a flat, even deck rocker will increase a board's flexibility, while a convex deck

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rails have less volume, making the board easier to "sink" and "lean on edge". While riding down the line, one rail is always in the water while the other is suspended freely in the air. Turns are largely a matter of transitioning from rail to tail and over to the contralateral (opposing) rail.

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is a surfboard designed by the Campbell Brothers that can have three or five fins and is punctuated with a large center fin and 2-4 smaller side fins(side bites). This, combined with deep double concave channels creates a distinctive board. The manufacturer has shown that these channels create

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Some older and more traditional surfboards along with many modern boards that take inspiration from these older boards utilize a convex rather than concave design on the bottom of the surfboard. These boards displace more water and sit lower in the wave than a surfboard with a concave bottom.

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is a stabilizing rudder fixed to the rear of the surfboard to prevent it from sliding sideways. In the early days, surfers would stabilize the board by hanging the toes of their back foot over the edge of the board and would steer by putting their foot in the water. The American surfer

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The surface of the board that rests on the water is usually flat or concave but sometimes convex. The bottom can also feature channels, chines, steps and other planing features shaped into the board in order to maximize, direct or alter water flow across the board's bottom surface.

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wood. The length of the boards still remained the same at an average of 320 cm (10.5 ft), and had then become widely produced. It was not until the late 1950s and early 1960s when the surfboard design had closely evolved into today's modern longboard. The introduction of

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The mini tanker is basically a shortened longboard shape that utilizes the same longboard design elements and enhanced maneuverability due to the shorter shape. These boards are normally ridden by those wanting the feel of a longboard with the increased agility of a short board .

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Delamination is a problem where the skin of the board (i.e. fiberglass) separates from the foam core. All surfboards made of foam and resin can face the problem of delamination. A common reason for delamination is excessive heat. Delamination often first appears around dents.

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or oil (as a sustainable alternative to epoxy), and are a reversion to using wood after the foam became dominant in the 1950s. Hollow wooden surfboards specifically have no foam in their construction. (Boards made with foam and wood are commonly known as

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In board design, the "stringer" is a board's central plane of reflection, down the middle of its deck and its keel. In construction, the stringer can have no special parts, or can embed a stiff, thin, vertical slat, usually of wood but sometimes of

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The chambering method follows a system in which planks of paulownia wood are selected and the rocker of the board is cut into each. The planks are then chambered to reduce weight, and then bonded together to form a hollow or "chambered" blank.

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The parallel profile system was developed from cold molded (double diagonal) boat building, and uses at least four layers of material laminated over a male mold into a curved blank, including enough wood for rails, which are then shaped.

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had the idea for a new, equal size, version of the existing three fin prototypes which was later dubbed the "thruster". He created a prototype and 30 years later his "thruster" design is still the most popular fin design for surfboards.

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Gault-Williams, Malcolm (2003) “Woody 'Spider' Brown” Legendary Surfers: A Definitive History of Surfing's Culture and Heroes, Volume 1, Chapter 24 (Originally: “Woody Brown: Pilot, Surfer, Sailor,” The Surfer's Journal, V:3, Fall

826:. Note, any type of board (such as shortboard or mini-longboard) can have a fish tail, and these are commonly referred to as a "fish", but they lack the other properties of a traditional, or "retro" fish as described here. 470:

Traction pads for the middle section of the deck, known as the "Mid Traction Pads" are mainly used on performance shortboards for increased grip. Unlike a tail pad - mid-deck traction pads need wax for added grip.

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were invented in the 1960s by Richard Deese, and were found on longboards by multiple manufacturers of that era, including Dewey Weber. Bob Bolen, A.K.A. 'the Greek', patented the "Turbo Tunnel" in the late 1990s.

856:. These have a thin, almost needle-like profile with single, quad, or thruster fin set up. It has the appearance of a shortboard but at a longboard size. Guns are often used at big wave locations such as 202:

is applied to this surface. Wax comes in different degrees of hardness allowing its application in differing water temperatures. The ideal choice of wax hardness is determined by the water temperature.

818:, Larry Mabile and Steve Brom. Primarily a twin fin set up with a swallow tail shape and popular in smaller waves, the fish enjoyed a resurgence in popularity in the early 2000s after legendary surfer 198:

is the surface of the board that the surfer stands on. Contours such as concaves (similar to the deck of a skateboard) or rail channels (to add structural rigidity) can also be shaped into the deck.

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cloth and resin. It is during this stage that the fins or boxes for removable fins are attached and the leash plug installed. Another method of making boards is using epoxy resin and prolapse

57:. Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean wave. They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as 835:

surfboards excel good in both small and weak & large mushy waves by light and heavy surfers. A mid length is one of the most versatile 'all-around' boards for fun and performance.

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I was in San Diego and he was in L.A., way up there.". This innovation revolutionized surfing, allowing surfers to direct the board's momentum and providing more balance when turning.

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Balsa wood boards are lighter, more buoyant and easier to handle than other boards. These boards have some disadvantages, however: they are not as sturdy as solid redwood boards.

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composites, as well as experimentation in biodegradable and ecologically friendly resins made from organic sources. Each year, approximately 400,000 surfboards are manufactured.

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Winged fins are another type of surfboard fin, the genesis of which was America's Cup sailboat design. The Starfin was designed in the 1980s by the America's Cup yacht designer,

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became the technological leap in design. In the 1960s, the longboard continued to remain popular as its material changed from balsa wood to fiberglass and polyurethane foam.

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A traditional finless wooden surfboard, typically ridden by ancient native Hawaiians, not of royal descent. The surfboard typically runs 520 cm (17 ft) 90 kg.

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Originally reserved for Hawaiian royalty due to its size and weight, these wooden boards can exceed lengths of 730 cm (24 ft) and reach weights up to 90 kg.

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down-wind course direction. As the camber is fixed to one side, performance when sailing in one direction is improved but performance in the other way is deteriorated.

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In the early 90s removable fin systems were developed and embraced. This provides a standardized system that allows fins to be easily removed or replaced, utilizing

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county), the beach was so popular amongst the early surfers that it lent its name to the type of longboard, the Malibu Surfboard. In the 1920s boards made of

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was the first to experiment with adding a fin to a surfboard, fastening the keel from an old speedboat to a surfboard in 1935. About one or two years later,

535:, running from nose to tail. The stringer serves to increase the board's overall strength and reduce its flexibility. Some boards have multiple stringers. 1599: 1317: 299:, as in airplane design, is to increase lift (horizontal turning force in the case of surfboard fins) while reducing drag, by reducing the fin-tip vortex. 814:

Usually a short stubby board under 180 cm (6 ft) in length developed from kneeboards in 1967 by Steve Lis. Other prominent fish shapers include

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shapes work very well as surfboard fins and several manufacturers make fins with this more upright stance, as it increases drive and maneuverability.

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Diagram of a surfboard including the nose, the tail, the deck, the rails, the stringer, the bottom, the nose rocker, the tail rocker, and the leg rope

3449: 100:. The result is a light and strong surfboard that is buoyant and maneuverable. Recent developments in surfboard technology have included the use of 1968: 1537: 69:. They were often over 460 cm (15 ft) in length and extremely heavy. Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more 366:

as a rear stabilization fin. Dubbed a "guitar pick" the nubster was designed to be used as a fifth fin. The Nubster helped professional surfer

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By the early 20th century, only a handful of people surfed, mostly at Waikiki. But there, it started to grow again. Beginning in 1912,

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The front tip of the board. This can be pointed or rounded and can be made with a steep incline ("rocker", see below) or a gentle one.

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The longboard is primarily a single-finned surfboard with large rounded nose and length of 270 to 370 cm (9 to 12 ft).

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To achieve positive buoyancy and a stiff deck, shapers have always reached for a foam, often hardened with a tensile skin, using

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beginning surfers and generally perform well in surfing conditions where the more traditional long and short boards might not.

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Since the mid 1990s, half tunnel fins have mainly been used on very long hollow wooden surfboards mainly surfed by Roy Stuart.

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Lynch, Gary (2001) Tom Blake : The Uncommon Journey Of A Pioneer Waterman. Croul Family Foundation, Corona del Mar, Cal.

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boards which have become especially popular with beginner surfers as they provide a durable, inexpensive, entry-level board.

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strap attached to the surfer's trailing foot, and the opposite has a velcro strap attached to the tail end of the surfboard.

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surfer has also started to be taken into account, meaning in general that a heavier surfer would be recommended a board with

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Why Do SUPs have Air Vents? Difference between Hassle Free Air Vents & Screw Type Air Vents on Stand Up Paddle Boards

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fins. Another variation of fin was later designed in the time frame known as the soul fin, a sleek bendable attachment.

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Fins with self-adjusting camber offer the improved qualities in both port side and starboard side sailing directions.

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in the 1960s. The single fin changed little until the late 70s, when a second was added and popularised by Australian

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Longboards are the original and very first variety of board used in standup surfing. Ever since the sixth-century

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help the board to handle better on flatter sections of water, while heavy rockers increase the board's overall

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skeleton is then sheathed with 5mm-thick wood strips, creating a fast hollow board with good flex properties.

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for the America's Cup boat, Australia II. The small thruster-sized fin, the RedTip 3D is manufactured by FCS.

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have used 270 to 910 cm (9 to 30 ft) solid wooden boards when practicing their ancient art of

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foam, instead of polyester resin and polyurethane foam. In recent years, surfboards made out of

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Modern surfboards are usually made of foam using one of the following construction materials:

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and a polystyrene core are becoming more popular. Even solid balsa surfboards are available.

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rocker creates a board that is thicker along the board's stringer and stiffer in the water.

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is the curve between the front tip and the middle or flattest portion of the board, and the

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that attaches a surfboard to the surfer. It prevents the surfboard from being swept away by

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Fiberglass is the most common skin regardless of foam type. Other skin materials used are

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Choice of surf board type and size can be complex. Depending, amongst other things, on:

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foam. Unlike soft top surfboards, hard top surfboards are also covered with layers of

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Modern surfboards often contain multiple contours on the bottom of the board, termed

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which guides the water off of the surface of the board through a narrowed passage.

247: 1888: 1352: 3774: 3753: 3748: 3529: 3387: 3359: 3306: 3226: 2852: 2588: 2516: 2460: 2450: 2299: 2217: 2192: 2142: 2110: 2080: 2045: 2015: 1728: 1067: 933: 885: 562: 379: 321: 314: 254:. In October 1980, after seeing a twin fin surfboard with a "trigger point" fin 3160: 3038: 2809: 2797: 2780: 2768: 2632: 2593: 2470: 2430: 2257: 2187: 2172: 2137: 2095: 2050: 2000: 1863: 1109: 1075: 922: 786: 725: 515: 255: 243: 217: 1656: 1634: 852:

Big wave boards of length 210 to 370 cm (7 to 12 ft) are considered

3789: 3444: 3397: 3367: 3206: 3201: 3033: 3013: 2983: 2785: 2773: 2563: 2465: 2197: 2147: 2105: 2060: 1377: 1071: 937: 936:, a Hawaiian Olympic swimmer in the early 1900s, brought surfing to mainland 363: 325: 226: 212: 668: 3743: 3687: 3524: 3459: 3053: 3023: 3008: 2998: 2988: 2542: 2475: 2435: 2414: 2325: 2315: 2237: 2202: 2162: 2035: 1635:

Surfboard blanks types of EPS PU and XPS cores and blank – Sanded Australia

1119: 1114: 1099: 967: 893: 613: 558: 532: 511: 409: 367: 101: 81: 3392: 1946: 1048:

However modern day Alaias can be much thinner. Many are a mere 2 cm (

3735: 3710: 3221: 3048: 3043: 2899: 2745: 2643: 2573: 2490: 2320: 2152: 953: 649: 573: 289: 97: 85: 1645: 1538:"Engineers Discover Why Toucan Beaks Are Models of Lightweight Strength" 3725: 3715: 3464: 3175: 3170: 2993: 2682: 2568: 2547: 2537: 2455: 2440: 2398: 2362: 2352: 2342: 2232: 2227: 2132: 2030: 1680: 1094: 996:

classic longboard, and fuses with the strength and drive of a Tri-fin.

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are a class of longboards that enable the rider to walk to the tip and

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specifications. Finally, the board is covered in one or more layers of

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is an oversized longboard with enough buoyancy to support two people,

570:. PU is still the most used material in surf board construction today. 429:

as the surgical tubing used in the early designs allowed the leash to

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The Australian Surfer's Journal Volume 2 No 2 Autumn 1999 pages 82-84

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technology for the mass-produced surfboard market beginning in 2006.

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Fins with winglets—tiny wings—were invented in 2005. The purpose of

37: 3695: 3642: 3211: 2859: 2827: 2583: 2337: 2330: 2212: 2207: 2177: 2020: 823: 426: 393: 384: 320:

In 2004 Frank Fish introduced the world to Whale Bumps with their

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The current construction methods descend from the 1930s Tom Blake

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A chart showing various shapes of the bottoms of surf boards.

1562:

A Surfboard's Big Summertime Enemy - Surfboard Delamination!

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and stops runaway surfboards from hitting other surfers and

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The Surfin'ary: A Dictionary of Surfing Terms and Surfspeak

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A man standing on a board as the wave passes under him.

1342:

LONGBOARD Magazine Vol 4 No 5. 1996 November/December

1514: 1402:"Wind turbines inspired by Whales - Naked Scientists" 1303:

Surfing Magazine May 1979 Volume 15 Number 5, page 9

1091: – Surfboard with a downward-extending hydrofoil 639:

Surfboards have traditionally been constructed using

1827:

Legendary Surfers Volume 1 by Malcolm Gualt-Williams

1587:

The Surfers Corner - PU or Epoxy: Which one is best?

1066:

The first stand up surfboard ridden in Australia by

77:, and numerous improvements in materials and shape. 1670:"Cores: Epoxy can be used on PU, EPS and XPS cores" 785:versatile and controlled characteristics using the 328:, 3d printed, whale bumped surfboard fins in 2013. 73:(skegs) on the bottom rear of the board to improve 61:in the Hawaiian language, and were usually made of 1786: 1311: 1309: 749: 3450:Duke Kahanamoku Invitational Surfing Championship 1576:Surfboard Foam: Polyurethane or Polystyrene Core? 1449: 1447: 1445: 126:Body dimensions of the surfer (height and weight) 3787: 1815:"Transitioning From a Longboard to a Shortboard" 1679:Recently, the largest producer of these blanks, 1571: 1569: 1306: 370:win contests in New York and Portugal in 2011. 1442: 692:Hollow wooden surfboards are made of wood and 2931: 1962: 1784: 1566: 1315: 1192:"Bio Surfboard Resin vs Poly Surfboard Resin" 766: 388:The leash attaches a surfboard to the surfer. 1937:"The Cardiff Kook - America's First Surfers" 1721: 740: 3540:Smirnoff World Pro-Am Surfing Championships 1976: 1774:The Best Beginner Surfboard is the FunBoard 634: 27:Platform board used in the sport of surfing 2938: 2924: 2895:Bicycle- and human-powered vehicle museums 1969: 1955: 1861: 1515:Prolite International (January 12, 2014). 448:Chart of various types of surf board tails 1886: 1378:"STARFIN (also known as the winged keel)" 467:applied to the tail area of a surfboard. 331: 1836: 1696: 1486: 1375: 1229:Boardcave Australia | The Surfers Corner 892: 879: 871: 800: 667: 443: 383: 339: 216: 155: 142: 36: 3618:National Scholastic Surfing Association 687: 14: 3788: 1492: 1426: 2919: 1950: 1748: 1250: 1240:Volume To Weight Ratios | Surf Simply 912: 876:A 335 cm (11 ft) longboard. 681:when fiberglass skins were invented. 981: 1216:"The Best Soft Top Foam Surfboards" 518:and have a smaller turning radius. 24: 3598:International Professional Surfers 631:be constructed using epoxy resin. 425:lost his left eye in a surf leash 25: 3807: 3603:International Surfing Association 1427:Morton, Jamie (26 January 2014). 961:changed from using solid wood to 313:used by Spitfire aeroplanes. The 3455:East Coast Surfing Championships 1839:"The Evolution of the Surfboard" 1316:Koteen, Casey (10 August 2010). 822:rode one during an ASP event at 415:where one end has a band with a 120:Skill, fitness and surfing style 1929: 1905: 1880: 1855: 1830: 1821: 1807: 1778: 1767: 1742: 1715: 1690: 1673: 1668:Resin Basics – Sanded Australia 1661: 1650: 1639: 1628: 1617: 1600:"Surf Science | Know Your Foam" 1592: 1580: 1555: 1530: 1508: 1480:"Korduroy Television - Nubster" 1472: 1438:– via www.nzherald.co.nz. 1420: 1394: 1369: 1345: 1336: 1318:"Simon Anderson Talks Thruster" 1297: 1288: 750:Composite Sandwich Construction 663: 538: 461: 362:Created by professional surfer 309:Spitfire fins are based on the 1657:Skin Basics – Sanded Australia 1278: 1269: 1244: 1233: 1222: 1208: 1184: 1160: 1136: 999: 80:Modern surfboards are made of 13: 1: 3420:Australian Boardriders Battle 1864:"Longboards - Surfing A to Z" 1129: 1008: 829: 771: 3613:International Surfing Museum 3505:Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic 3495:O'Neill World Cup of Surfing 1646:EPOXY 101 - Epoxy Surfboards 1493:Marcus, Ben (October 2000). 867: 408:. Modern leashes comprise a 7: 3623:New York Surf Film Festival 3490:O'Neill Sebastian Inlet Pro 3475:Lion Foundation Surf League 2945: 1429:"Designer on board with 3D" 1081: 838: 547:beak engineering concepts. 525: 242:The template of the modern 10: 3812: 3435:Billabong Pipeline Masters 3425:Australian Open of Surfing 1406:www.thenakedscientists.com 1168:"History of the surfboard" 1038: 1024: 990: 767:Board types and variations 377: 357: 344:Nubster Fin Seen In Middle 210: 168: 65:from local trees, such as 53:is a narrow plank used in 45:during a surf competition. 32:Surfboard (disambiguation) 29: 3767: 3734: 3686: 3628:Santa Cruz Surfing Museum 3608:International Surfing Day 3588: 3515:Quiksilver Pro Gold Coast 3485:Noosa Festival of Surfing 3480:MEO Rip Curl Pro Portugal 3410: 3352: 3242: 3235: 3189: 3148: 3067: 2971: 2953: 2872: 2820: 2761: 2754: 2721: 2705: 2675: 2652: 2615: 2606: 2556: 2525: 2504: 2423: 2407: 2371: 2308: 2292: 2256: 1993: 1984: 1061: 792: 741:CUSH - skinned surfboards 721:, and, of course, balsa. 483: 180: 151: 111: 3673:Welsh Surfing Federation 3663:The Moonshine Conspiracy 3520:Red Bull Big Wave Africa 2880:Animal-powered transport 1148:Bernice P. Bishop Museum 1034: 635:Polyurethane (PU) boards 474: 373: 138: 123:Expected wave conditions 3668:Uruguayan Surfing Union 3565:Triple Crown of Surfing 2755:Non-vehicular transport 1978:Human-powered transport 809: 452: 436: 348: 288:, who had designed the 206: 189: 3638:Surfers Against Sewage 3535:Shark Island Challenge 3440:Billabong Pro Teahupoo 3029:Standup paddleboarding 2905:Zero-emissions vehicle 1785:Trevor Cralle (2001). 1020: 898: 890: 877: 847: 806: 673: 449: 389: 345: 332:Thrusters and Tri-fins 222: 161: 148: 46: 3633:SurfAid International 3510:Quiksilver Pro France 1917:National Public Radio 896: 883: 875: 860:, Jaws (Hawaii), and 804: 671: 447: 392:A surfboard leash or 387: 343: 220: 159: 146: 75:directional stability 41:A stack of boards in 40: 3658:Surfing South Africa 3648:Surfrider Foundation 1703:westcoastsurfmag.com 1685:Surfline.com closure 1253:"Displacement Hulls" 1144:"Ethnology database" 948:beach lifestyle. In 688:Hollow wooden boards 600:Extruded polystyrene 585:Expanded polystyrene 236:Woody "Spider" Brown 30:For other uses, see 3759:Surfer's myelopathy 3575:World Surfing Games 3470:Ku Ikaika Challenge 2843:Alpine touring skis 2653:Hand and foot power 2243:Cold-weather biking 2183:Small-wheel bicycle 2091:Glossary of cycling 2056:Cyclo-cross bicycle 2041:Cold-weather biking 1793:. Ten Speed Press. 1497:. Surfline/Wavetrak 1324:on 31 December 2010 889:and longboard, 1920 510:but also give true 18:Longboard (surfing) 3570:US Open of Surfing 3166:Ocean surface wave 2848:Cross-country skis 2512:Litter/sedan chair 2076:Flat bar road bike 1893:surfboardshack.com 1889:"Surfboard Design" 1751:"Surfboard Design" 1722:John Wythe White. 1408:. 21 February 2010 1382:cheynehoran.com.au 1172:clubofthewaves.com 1015:Malibu, California 913:Classic longboards 899: 891: 878: 807: 678:Ochroma pyramidale 674: 450: 390: 346: 311:wing configuration 223: 162: 149: 47: 3796:Surfing equipment 3783: 3782: 3701:Fictional surfers 3678:World Surf League 3653:Surfing Australia 3580:World Surf League 3406: 3405: 2913: 2912: 2868: 2867: 2701: 2700: 2602: 2601: 2284:Motorized scooter 2279:Motorized bicycle 2158:Recumbent bicycle 2101:Motorized bicycle 1939:. thecardiffkook. 982:Modern longboards 923:ancient Hawaiians 641:polyurethane foam 246:was developed by 16:(Redirected from 3803: 3430:Beachley Classic 3383:Puerto Escondido 3240: 3239: 3019:Shoulder surfing 2940: 2933: 2926: 2917: 2916: 2759: 2758: 2713:Amphibious cycle 2668:(sliding rigger) 2613: 2612: 2394:Invalid carriage 2309:Other foot power 2267:Electric bicycle 1991: 1990: 1971: 1964: 1957: 1948: 1947: 1941: 1940: 1933: 1927: 1926: 1924: 1923: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1900: 1899: 1884: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1874: 1862:Dave Parmenter. 1859: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1849: 1834: 1828: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1792: 1782: 1776: 1771: 1765: 1764: 1762: 1761: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1737: 1736: 1719: 1713: 1712: 1710: 1709: 1694: 1688: 1677: 1671: 1665: 1659: 1654: 1648: 1643: 1637: 1632: 1626: 1621: 1615: 1614: 1612: 1611: 1602:. Archived from 1596: 1590: 1584: 1578: 1573: 1564: 1559: 1553: 1552: 1550: 1549: 1540:. Archived from 1534: 1528: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1512: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1502: 1490: 1484: 1483: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1459:www.surfline.com 1451: 1440: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1424: 1418: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1389: 1388: 1373: 1367: 1366: 1364: 1363: 1349: 1343: 1340: 1334: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1320:. Archived from 1313: 1304: 1301: 1295: 1292: 1286: 1282: 1276: 1273: 1267: 1266: 1264: 1263: 1248: 1242: 1237: 1231: 1226: 1220: 1219: 1212: 1206: 1205: 1203: 1202: 1188: 1182: 1181: 1179: 1178: 1164: 1158: 1157: 1155: 1154: 1140: 1057: 1056: 1052: 897:Balsa Longboard. 763:soft cush skin. 354:bleeding speed. 248:George Greenough 21: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3801: 3800: 3786: 3785: 3784: 3779: 3775:Surf lifesaving 3763: 3730: 3721:Surfwear brands 3682: 3584: 3530:Roxy Pro France 3402: 3388:Shipstern Bluff 3360:Banzai Pipeline 3348: 3231: 3227:Surfboard leash 3185: 3144: 3063: 3059:Women's surfing 2967: 2949: 2944: 2914: 2909: 2864: 2816: 2750: 2717: 2697: 2671: 2648: 2598: 2589:Summer toboggan 2552: 2526:Weight shifting 2521: 2517:Scoop stretcher 2500: 2461:Pulled rickshaw 2451:Flatbed trolley 2419: 2403: 2367: 2304: 2300:Treadle bicycle 2288: 2252: 2218:Utility bicycle 2193:Touring bicycle 2143:Porteur bicycle 2111:Mountain biking 2081:Folding bicycle 2046:Cruiser bicycle 2016:Bicycle trailer 1980: 1975: 1945: 1944: 1935: 1934: 1930: 1921: 1919: 1913:"The Surfboard" 1911: 1910: 1906: 1897: 1895: 1887:Kent Senatore. 1885: 1881: 1872: 1870: 1860: 1856: 1847: 1845: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1813: 1812: 1808: 1801: 1783: 1779: 1772: 1768: 1759: 1757: 1755:surfscience.com 1747: 1743: 1734: 1732: 1729:Honolulu Weekly 1720: 1716: 1707: 1705: 1695: 1691: 1678: 1674: 1666: 1662: 1655: 1651: 1644: 1640: 1633: 1629: 1622: 1618: 1609: 1607: 1598: 1597: 1593: 1585: 1581: 1574: 1567: 1560: 1556: 1547: 1545: 1536: 1535: 1531: 1521: 1519: 1517:"Traction Pads" 1513: 1509: 1500: 1498: 1491: 1487: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1463: 1461: 1453: 1452: 1443: 1433: 1431: 1425: 1421: 1411: 1409: 1400: 1399: 1395: 1386: 1384: 1374: 1370: 1361: 1359: 1357:wavegrinder.com 1351: 1350: 1346: 1341: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1314: 1307: 1302: 1298: 1293: 1289: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1270: 1261: 1259: 1257:surfscience.com 1249: 1245: 1238: 1234: 1227: 1223: 1214: 1213: 1209: 1200: 1198: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1176: 1174: 1166: 1165: 1161: 1152: 1150: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1124: 1084: 1068:Duke Kahanamoku 1064: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1043: 1037: 1029: 1023: 1011: 1002: 993: 984: 934:Duke Kahanamoku 915: 886:Duke Kahanamoku 870: 850: 841: 832: 812: 795: 774: 769: 752: 743: 690: 666: 637: 576:(PS foam) with 563:polyester resin 561:(PU foam) with 541: 528: 486: 477: 464: 455: 439: 382: 380:Surfboard leash 376: 360: 351: 334: 322:Tubercle effect 315:elliptical wing 215: 209: 192: 183: 171: 154: 141: 114: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3809: 3799: 3798: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3777: 3771: 3769: 3768:Related topics 3765: 3764: 3762: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3740: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3692: 3690: 3684: 3683: 3681: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3594: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3416: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3362: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3346: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3332:United Kingdom 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3248: 3246: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3161:Hawaiian scale 3158: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2965: 2960: 2954: 2951: 2950: 2943: 2942: 2935: 2928: 2920: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2882: 2876: 2874: 2873:Related topics 2870: 2869: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2862: 2857: 2856: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2835: 2830: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2815: 2814: 2813: 2812: 2810:Stair climbing 2802: 2801: 2800: 2798:Stair climbing 2790: 2789: 2788: 2781:Roller skating 2778: 2777: 2776: 2769:Inline skating 2765: 2763: 2756: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2737: 2736: 2725: 2723: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2715: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2669: 2663: 2662:(sliding seat) 2656: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2647: 2646: 2641: 2635: 2633:Paddleboarding 2630: 2625: 2619: 2617: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2597: 2596: 2594:Gravity biking 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2519: 2514: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2471:Shopping caddy 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2431:Baby transport 2427: 2425: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2417: 2411: 2409: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 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3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3241: 3238: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3188: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3135:South African 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3034:Surf kayaking 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3014:River surfing 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2984:Bellyboarding 2982: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2952: 2948: 2941: 2936: 2934: 2929: 2927: 2922: 2921: 2918: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2871: 2861: 2858: 2854: 2853:Telemark skis 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2806: 2803: 2799: 2796: 2795: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2782: 2779: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2730: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2564:Gravity racer 2562: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2466:Shopping cart 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2424:Pushed/pulled 2422: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2293:Treadle power 2291: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2255: 2248: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2198:Track bicycle 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2148:Prone bicycle 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2106:Mountain bike 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2061:Downhill bike 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1972: 1967: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1938: 1932: 1918: 1914: 1908: 1894: 1890: 1883: 1869: 1865: 1858: 1844: 1840: 1833: 1824: 1816: 1810: 1802: 1800:1-58008-193-2 1796: 1791: 1790: 1781: 1775: 1770: 1756: 1752: 1745: 1731: 1730: 1725: 1718: 1704: 1700: 1693: 1686: 1682: 1676: 1669: 1664: 1658: 1653: 1647: 1642: 1636: 1631: 1625: 1620: 1606:on 2019-05-13 1605: 1601: 1595: 1588: 1583: 1577: 1572: 1570: 1563: 1558: 1544:on 2019-11-14 1543: 1539: 1533: 1518: 1511: 1496: 1489: 1481: 1475: 1460: 1456: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1430: 1423: 1407: 1403: 1397: 1383: 1379: 1372: 1358: 1354: 1348: 1339: 1323: 1319: 1312: 1310: 1300: 1291: 1281: 1272: 1258: 1254: 1247: 1241: 1236: 1230: 1225: 1217: 1211: 1197: 1193: 1187: 1173: 1169: 1163: 1149: 1145: 1139: 1135: 1127: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1079: 1077: 1073: 1072:Isabel Letham 1069: 1059: 1046: 1042: 1032: 1028: 1018: 1016: 1006: 997: 988: 979: 975: 973: 969: 964: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 938:United States 935: 930: 928: 927:Hoe he'e nalu 924: 920: 910: 908: 904: 895: 888: 887: 882: 874: 865: 863: 859: 855: 845: 836: 827: 825: 821: 817: 803: 799: 790: 788: 783: 778: 764: 760: 756: 747: 738: 734: 730: 727: 722: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 703:veneer boards 700: 695: 685: 682: 679: 670: 661: 657: 655: 651: 647: 642: 632: 628: 626: 622: 619: 615: 611: 601: 598: 595: 591: 586: 583: 582: 579: 575: 572: 569: 564: 560: 557: 556: 555: 552: 548: 546: 536: 534: 523: 519: 517: 516:planing speed 513: 509: 504: 500: 496: 492: 481: 472: 468: 459: 446: 442: 434: 432: 428: 424: 420: 418: 414: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 386: 381: 371: 369: 365: 364:Sean Mattison 355: 342: 338: 329: 327: 326:polycarbonate 323: 318: 316: 312: 307: 304: 300: 298: 293: 291: 287: 282: 278: 275: 272: 268: 265: 260: 257: 253: 252:Mark Richards 249: 245: 244:surfboard fin 240: 237: 233: 228: 227:surfboard fin 219: 214: 213:Surfboard fin 204: 201: 197: 187: 178: 176: 166: 158: 145: 136: 134: 125: 122: 119: 118: 117: 109: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 78: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 44: 39: 33: 19: 3754:Surfer's ear 3749:Surfer's eye 3744:Shark attack 3525:Rip Curl Pro 3460:Hawaiian Pro 3412:Competitions 3312:South Africa 3196: 3054:Wing foiling 3024:Skimboarding 3009:Lake surfing 3004:Kneeboarding 2999:Kiteboarding 2989:Bodyboarding 2821:Snow and ice 2640:(fixed seat) 2543:Caster board 2476:Stairclimber 2436:Baggage cart 2415:Rowing cycle 2326:Kick scooter 2316:Balance bike 2238:Wheelie bike 2203:Trailer bike 2163:Road bicycle 2036:City bicycle 1931: 1920:. Retrieved 1907: 1896:. Retrieved 1892: 1882: 1871:. Retrieved 1868:surfline.com 1867: 1857: 1846:. Retrieved 1842: 1832: 1823: 1809: 1788: 1780: 1769: 1758:. Retrieved 1754: 1744: 1733:. Retrieved 1727: 1717: 1706:. Retrieved 1702: 1692: 1675: 1663: 1652: 1641: 1630: 1619: 1608:. Retrieved 1604:the original 1594: 1582: 1557: 1546:. Retrieved 1542:the original 1532: 1522:February 16, 1520:. Retrieved 1510: 1499:. Retrieved 1488: 1474: 1462:. Retrieved 1458: 1432:. Retrieved 1422: 1410:. Retrieved 1405: 1396: 1385:. Retrieved 1381: 1371: 1360:. Retrieved 1356: 1347: 1338: 1326:. Retrieved 1322:the original 1299: 1290: 1280: 1271: 1260:. Retrieved 1256: 1246: 1235: 1224: 1210: 1199:. Retrieved 1195: 1186: 1175:. Retrieved 1171: 1162: 1151:. Retrieved 1138: 1125: 1120:Wind surfing 1115:Surf culture 1100:Longboarding 1065: 1047: 1044: 1030: 1013:Named after 1012: 1003: 994: 985: 976: 968:polyurethane 931: 916: 900: 884: 853: 851: 842: 833: 813: 796: 781: 779: 775: 761: 757: 753: 744: 735: 731: 723: 702: 698: 691: 683: 675: 664:Balsa boards 658: 638: 629: 614:carbon fiber 607: 590:permeability 559:Polyurethane 553: 549: 542: 539:Construction 533:carbon fiber 529: 520: 502: 498: 494: 490: 487: 478: 469: 465: 462:Traction Pad 456: 440: 423:Jack O'Neill 421: 391: 368:Kelly Slater 361: 352: 335: 319: 308: 305: 301: 294: 283: 279: 276: 269: 261: 241: 224: 195: 193: 184: 174: 172: 163: 129: 115: 102:carbon fiber 82:polyurethane 79: 58: 50: 48: 3373:La Libertad 3302:New Zealand 3222:Boardshorts 3149:Environment 3120:New Zealand 3049:Windsurfing 3044:Tube riding 2958:Terminology 2900:Human power 2746:Ornithopter 2574:Street luge 2491:Wheelbarrow 2321:Dandy horse 2153:Quadracycle 2126:Singletrack 1994:Pedal power 1749:John Dang. 1724:"Surf Wars" 1328:28 February 1251:John Dang. 1000:Mini Tanker 954:Los Angeles 805:Balsa Fish. 650:polystyrene 578:epoxy resin 574:Polystyrene 568:epoxy resin 499:tail rocker 491:nose rocker 431:overstretch 290:winged keel 271:Tunnel fins 133:more volume 98:epoxy resin 86:polystyrene 3726:Shaka sign 3465:J-Bay Open 3244:By country 3176:Tidal bore 3171:Surf break 3130:Portuguese 3085:Australian 2994:Flowriding 2833:Ice skates 2762:Foot power 2741:Helicopter 2706:Amphibious 2683:Hydrocycle 2676:Foot power 2616:Hand power 2569:Billy cart 2548:Snakeboard 2538:Pogo stick 2456:Hand truck 2441:Bath chair 2408:Row action 2399:Wheelchair 2372:Hand power 2363:Skateboard 2353:Freeskates 2343:Brakeboard 2233:Velomobile 2228:Velocipede 2133:Party bike 2031:Cargo bike 2026:Boneshaker 1922:2008-11-08 1898:2009-05-17 1873:2008-11-05 1848:2008-11-04 1760:2010-03-10 1735:2008-11-08 1708:2008-11-04 1681:Clark Foam 1610:2019-04-27 1548:2020-03-19 1501:2007-01-11 1387:2008-11-08 1362:2008-11-04 1262:2010-02-13 1201:2018-01-18 1196:Wave Tribe 1177:2008-11-04 1153:2008-11-10 1130:References 1126:Foilboard 1095:Skateboard 1009:The Malibu 972:fiberglass 946:California 903:Noseriders 858:Waimea Bay 830:Mid length 820:Tom Curren 772:Shortboard 646:fiberglass 594:outgassing 286:Ben Lexcen 264:set screws 90:fiberglass 3560:The Eddie 3550:Surfabout 3393:Teahupoʻo 3378:Mavericks 3317:Sri Lanka 3282:Indonesia 3252:Australia 3236:Locations 3217:Foilboard 3197:Surfboard 3190:Equipment 3181:Wave pool 3140:Uruguayan 3115:Maldivian 3090:Brazilian 3080:Argentine 2860:Snowshoes 2688:Hydrofoil 2579:Snowboard 2486:Toy wagon 2481:Stretcher 2384:Handcycle 2358:Longboard 2348:Freeboard 2247:ice cycle 1105:Snowboard 1089:Foilboard 1027:Olo board 970:foam and 942:Australia 907:nose ride 868:Longboard 862:Mavericks 816:Skip Frye 707:paulownia 699:compsands 508:form drag 232:Tom Blake 94:polyester 51:surfboard 3790:Category 3643:Surfline 3545:Stubbies 3500:Olympics 3337:Scotland 3212:Wax comb 3156:Closeout 3125:Peruvian 3100:Filipino 3075:American 2979:Big wave 2828:Crampons 2729:Aircraft 2584:Toboggan 2338:Kicksled 2331:Kickbike 2213:Unicycle 2208:Tricycle 2178:Sociable 2168:Roadster 2121:Downhill 2021:BMX bike 1464:17 March 1434:17 March 1412:17 March 1082:See also 839:Funboard 824:Hossegor 526:Stringer 427:accident 410:urethane 406:swimmers 394:leg rope 297:winglets 175:concaves 3736:Hazards 3688:Culture 3555:Surfest 3398:Uluwatu 3364:Cyclops 3297:Morocco 3292:Madeira 3287:Ireland 3272:Ecuador 3095:British 3068:Surfers 2963:History 2947:Surfing 2889:outline 2885:Cycling 2805:Walking 2793:Running 2557:Gravity 2505:Carried 2389:Hobcart 2379:Handcar 2272:Pedelec 2223:Velocar 2086:Go-kart 2071:Fatbike 2010:outline 2006:Bicycle 1053:⁄ 991:The 2+1 958:plywood 719:redwood 625:innegra 458:speed. 396:is the 358:Nubster 200:Surfwax 169:Concave 92:cloth, 55:surfing 43:Waikiki 3327:Turkey 3322:Taiwan 3262:Canada 3257:Brazil 3105:French 3039:Tow-in 2786:skates 2774:skates 2693:Pedalo 2666:Rowing 2660:Rowing 2638:Rowing 2533:Trikke 2260:assist 2066:Enduro 1797: 1285:1996.) 1062:Tandem 950:Malibu 793:Hybrid 782:Bonzer 715:spruce 621:kevlar 610:bamboo 545:toucan 484:Rocker 417:velcro 181:Convex 152:Bottom 112:Sizing 106:kevlar 3716:Music 3706:Films 3353:Sites 3277:India 3267:Chile 3110:Irish 2972:Types 2628:Kayak 2623:Canoe 2608:Water 1041:Alaia 1035:Alaia 963:balsa 711:cedar 694:epoxy 654:balsa 475:Rails 402:waves 374:Leash 139:Parts 3711:Hair 3368:Jaws 3307:Peru 3202:Fins 2734:list 2644:Punt 2496:Sled 2446:Cart 2116:27.5 2001:29er 1986:Land 1795:ISBN 1524:2015 1466:2018 1436:2018 1414:2018 1330:2011 1070:and 952:(in 940:and 921:the 854:guns 810:Fish 676:The 623:and 618:hemp 512:lift 503:kick 495:flip 453:Tail 437:Nose 413:cord 398:cord 349:Quad 225:The 207:Fins 196:deck 194:The 190:Deck 104:and 71:fins 63:wood 3696:Art 3207:Wax 2838:Ski 2722:Air 1021:Olo 848:Gun 701:or 501:or 493:or 96:or 84:or 67:koa 3792:: 1915:. 1891:. 1866:. 1841:. 1753:. 1726:. 1701:. 1568:^ 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