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Ataxia

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1056:), compared to those who have a neurological degenerative condition. A review of the management of degenerative ataxia was published in 2009. A small number of rare conditions presenting with prominent cerebellar ataxia are amenable to specific treatment and recognition of these disorders is critical. Diseases include vitamin E deficiency, abetalipoproteinemia, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, Niemann–Pick type C disease, Refsum's disease, glucose transporter type 1 deficiency, episodic ataxia type 2, gluten ataxia, glutamic acid decarboxylase ataxia. Novel therapies target the RNA defects associated with cerebellar disorders, using in particular anti-sense oligonucleotides. 6901: 475:, inflammatory , and "chronic lymphocytyc inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids syndrome" ) will cause the type of ataxia corresponding to the site of the lesion: cerebellar if in the cerebellum; sensory if in the dorsal spinal cord...to include cord compression by thickened ligamentum flavum or stenosis of the boney spinal canal...(and rarely in the 1243:, which is responsible for combining and expressing positional information and relating it to movement. Outputs of the posterior parietal cortex include the spinal cord, brain stem motor pathways, pre-motor and pre-frontal cortex, basal ganglia and the cerebellum. Some neurons in the posterior parietal cortex are modulated by intention. Optic ataxia is usually part of 415:. Worsening of the finger-pointing test with the eyes closed is another feature of sensory ataxia. Also, when patients are standing with arms and hands extended toward the physician, if the eyes are closed, the patients' fingers tend to "fall down" and then be restored to the horizontal extended position by sudden muscular contractions (the "ataxic hand"). 870: 1185:(ICARS) is one of the most widely used and has been proven to have very high reliability and validity. Other tools that assess motor function, balance and coordination are also highly valuable to help the therapist track the progress of their patient, as well as to quantify the patient's functionality. These tests include, but are not limited to: 1157:
long term outcomes. These outcomes include balance tasks, gait, and individual activities of daily living. While the improvements are attributed primarily to changes in the brain and not just the hip or ankle joints, it is still unknown whether the improvements are due to adaptations in the cerebellum or compensation by other areas of the brain.
176:, many conditions affecting the cerebellum do produce ataxia. People with cerebellar ataxia may have trouble regulating the force, range, direction, velocity, and rhythm of muscle contractions. This results in a characteristic type of irregular, uncoordinated movement that can manifest itself in many possible ways, such as 278:, in which the person tends to separate his/her feet upon standing, to gain a wider base and to avoid titubation (bodily oscillations tending to be forward-backward ones). The instability is, therefore, worsened when standing with the feet together, regardless of whether the eyes are open or closed. This is a negative 1160:
Decomposition, simplification, or slowing of multijoint movement may also be an effective strategy that therapists may use to improve function in patients with ataxia. Training likely needs to be intense and focused—as indicated by one study performed with stroke patients experiencing limb ataxia who
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The rebound phenomenon, also known as the loss of the check reflex, is also sometimes seen in patients with cerebellar ataxia, for example, when patients are flexing their elbows isometrically against a resistance. When the resistance is suddenly removed without warning, the patients' arms may swing
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prevention. Once the physical therapist determines that the individual is able to safely perform parts of the program independently, it is important that the individual be prescribed and regularly engage in a supplementary home exercise program that incorporates these components to further improve
215:. As the condition progresses, walking is characterized by a widened base and high stepping, as well as staggering and lurching from side to side. Turning is also problematic and could result in falls. As cerebellar ataxia becomes severe, great assistance and effort are needed to stand and walk. 998:
related ataxia is part of the group called immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias. The antibodies induce a synaptopathy. The cerebellum is particularly vulnerable to autoimmune disorders. Cerebellar circuitry has capacities to compensate and restore function thanks to cerebellar reserve, gathering
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as a result of gluten exposure is irreversible. It accounts for 40% of ataxias of unknown origin and 15% of all ataxias. Less than 10% of people with gluten ataxia present any gastrointestinal symptom and only about 40% have intestinal damage. This entity is classified into primary auto-immune
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for retraining specific functional motor patterns. A recent systematic review suggested that physical therapy is effective, but there is only moderate evidence to support this conclusion. The most commonly used physical therapy interventions for cerebellar ataxia are vestibular habituation,
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disorders consisting of degeneration of the cerebellum or of the spine; most cases feature both to some extent, and therefore present with overlapping cerebellar and sensory ataxia, even though one is often more evident than the other. Hereditary disorders causing ataxia include
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which resulted in improvements of their arm function. Treatment should likely include strategies to manage difficulties with everyday activities such as walking. Gait aids (such as a cane or walker) can be provided to decrease the risk of falls associated with impairment of
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The treatment of ataxia and its effectiveness depend on the underlying cause. Treatment may limit or reduce the effects of ataxia, but it is unlikely to eliminate them entirely. Recovery tends to be better in individuals with a single focal injury (such as
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may cause generalised or localised sensory ataxia (e.g. a limb only) depending on the extent of the neuropathic involvement. Spinal disorders of various types may cause sensory ataxia from the lesioned level below, when they involve the dorsal columns.
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of the spinal cord, because they carry proprioceptive information up to the brain. In some cases, the cause of sensory ataxia may instead be dysfunction of the various parts of the brain that receive positional information, including the cerebellum,
1178:. To obtain better results, possible coexisting motor deficits need to be addressed in addition to those induced by ataxia. For example, muscle weakness and decreased endurance could lead to increasing fatigue and poorer movement patterns. 4300:
Schatton C, Synofzik M, Fleszar Z, Giese MA, Schöls L, Ilg W (June 2017). "Individualized exergame training improves postural control in advanced degenerative spinocerebellar ataxia: A rater-blinded, intra-individually controlled trial".
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Schmitz-HĂŒbsch T, Tezenas du Montcel S, Baliko L, Boesch S, Bonato S, Fancellu R, et al. (May 2006). "Reliability and validity of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale: a study in 156 spinocerebellar ataxia patients".
263:. These torques increase as the speed of movement increases and must be compensated and adjusted for to create coordinated movement. This may, therefore, explain decreased coordination at higher movement velocities and accelerations. 167:
is used to indicate ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for integrating a significant amount of neural information that is used to coordinate smoothly ongoing movements and to participate in
2755:"'Medusa head ataxia': the expanding spectrum of Purkinje cell antibodies in autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. Part 3: Anti-Yo/CDR2, anti-Nb/AP3B2, PCA-2, anti-Tr/DNER, other antibodies, diagnostic pitfalls, summary and outlook" 873: 219:, an impairment with articulation, may also be present and is characterized by "scanning" speech that consists of slower rate, irregular rhythm, and variable volume. Also, slurring of speech, tremor of the voice, and 2500: 4703: 4684: 1024:
can sometimes show shrinkage of the cerebellum and other brain structures in people with ataxia. It may also show other treatable findings, such as a blood clot or benign tumour, that could be pressing on the
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These nervous system dysfunctions occur in several different patterns, with different results and different possible causes. Ataxia can be limited to one side of the body, which is referred to as hemiataxia.
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may occur. Cerebellar ataxia could result with incoordination of movement, particularly in the extremities. Overshooting (or hypermetria) occurs with finger-to-nose testing and heel to shin testing; thus,
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Antibodies against the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD: enzyme changing glutamate into GABA) cause cerebellar deficits. The antibodies impair motor learning and cause behavioral deficits.
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in multijoint motion. Interaction torques are created at an associated joint when the primary joint is moved. For example, if a movement required reaching to touch a target in front of the body,
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is a concern in patients with ataxia. Studies examining falls in this population show that 74–93% of patients have fallen at least once in the past year and up to 60% admit to fear of falling.
1247:, but can be seen in isolation with injuries to the superior parietal lobule, as it represents a disconnection between visual-association cortex and the frontal premotor and motor cortex. 4426:
Schmitz-HĂŒbsch T, du Montcel ST, Baliko L, Berciano J, Boesch S, Depondt C, et al. (June 2006). "Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia: development of a new clinical scale".
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can improve ataxia and prevent its progression. The effectiveness of the treatment depends on the elapsed time from the onset of the ataxia until diagnosis, because the death of
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Trujillo-MartĂ­n MM, Serrano-Aguilar P, Monton-Alvarez F, Carrillo-Fumero R (June 2009). "Effectiveness and safety of treatments for degenerative ataxias: a systematic review".
4768: 2653:"'Medusa-head ataxia': the expanding spectrum of Purkinje cell antibodies in autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. Part 1: Anti-mGluR1, anti-Homer-3, anti-Sj/ITPR1 and anti-CARP VIII" 4339:
Richards L, Senesac C, McGuirk T, Woodbury M, Howland D, Davis S, et al. (2008). "Response to intensive upper extremity therapy by individuals with ataxia from stroke".
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Ilg W, Synofzik M, Brötz D, Burkard S, Giese MA, Schöls L (December 2009). "Intensive coordinative training improves motor performance in degenerative cerebellar disease".
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Fonteyn EM, Schmitz-HĂŒbsch T, Verstappen CC, Baliko L, Bloem BR, Boesch S, et al. (June 2010). "Falls in spinocerebellar ataxias: Results of the EuroSCA Fall Study".
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Osimani A, Berger A, Friedman J, Porat-Katz BS, Abarbanel JM (March 2005). "Neuropsychology of vitamin B12 deficiency in elderly dementia patients and control subjects".
2264: 346:, the required distance or range to reach a target. This is sometimes seen when a patient is asked to reach out and touch someone's finger or touch his or her own nose. 1038:– Determines whether the mutation that causes one of the hereditary ataxic conditions is present. Tests are available for many but not all of the hereditary ataxias. 451:
The three types of ataxia have overlapping causes, so can either coexist or occur in isolation. Cerebellar ataxia can have many causes despite normal neuroimaging.
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may cause, among several neurological abnormalities, overlapping cerebellar and sensory ataxia. Neuropsychological symptoms may include sense loss, difficulty in
3752:"Disease-specific monoclonal antibodies targeting glutamate decarboxylase impair GABAergic neurotransmission and affect motor learning and behavioral functions" 308:(lateral hemispheres) presents as disturbances in carrying out voluntary, planned movements by the extremities (called appendicular ataxia). These include: 5565: 4257:
Martin CL, Tan D, Bragge P, Bialocerkowski A (January 2009). "Effectiveness of physiotherapy for adults with cerebellar dysfunction: a systematic review".
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shut. In affected patients, this will cause the instability to worsen markedly, producing wide oscillations and possibly a fall; this is called a positive
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Tada M, Nishizawa M, Onodera O (August 2015). "Redefining cerebellar ataxia in degenerative ataxias: lessons from recent research on cerebellar systems".
944:. This suggests that the pump might not simply be a homeostatic, "housekeeping" molecule for ionic gradients; but could be a computational element in the 6236: 3012:
Sait H, Moirangthem A, Agrawal V, Phadke SR (June 2022). "Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-20 due to a novel SNX14 variant in an Indian girl".
1152:, physical therapy should include an exercise program addressing five components: static balance, dynamic balance, trunk-limb coordination, stairs, and 4761: 2608:
Moeller JJ, Macaulay RJ, Valdmanis PN, Weston LE, Rouleau GA, Dupré N (September 2008). "Autosomal dominant sensory ataxia: a neuroaxonal dystrophy".
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that produce a dissociative state at high doses). A further class of pharmaceuticals which can cause short term ataxia, especially in high doses, are
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People with cerebellar ataxia may initially present with poor balance, which could be demonstrated as an inability to stand on one leg or perform
6623: 6185: 1145:(PNF), and balance training; however, therapy is often highly individualized and gait and coordination training are large components of therapy. 3452:"Diagnostic Criteria for Primary Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxia-Guidelines from an International Task Force on Immune-Mediated Cerebellar Ataxias" 811: 498:
substances that cause ataxia mainly do so because they have a depressant effect on central nervous system function. The most common example is
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up and even strike themselves. With an intact check reflex, the patients check and activate the opposing triceps to slow and stop the movement.
314:(coarse trembling, accentuated over the execution of voluntary movements, possibly involving the head and eyes, as well as the limbs and torso) 282:, or more accurately, it denotes the individual's inability to carry out the test, because the individual feels unstable even with open eyes. 4754: 1834: 1182: 624: 1874:
HalmĂĄgyi GM, Curthoys IS (September 2021). "Vestibular contributions to the Romberg test: Testing semicircular canal and otolith function".
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Gaudreault P, Guay J, Thivierge RL, Verdy I (1991). "Benzodiazepine poisoning. Clinical and pharmacological considerations and treatment".
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Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) – A needle is inserted into the lower back (lumbar region) between two lumbar vertebrae to obtain a sample of
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The term "ataxia" is sometimes used in a broader sense to indicate lack of coordination in some physiological process. Examples include
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strikes, as well as a postural instability that is usually worsened when the lack of proprioceptive input cannot be compensated for by
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Schmahmann JD (2004). "Disorders of the cerebellum: ataxia, dysmetria of thought, and the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome".
5769: 4642: 3144: 208:. These deficits can vary depending on which cerebellar structures have been damaged, and whether the lesion is bi- or unilateral. 4521: 3232: 327:
Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements, known as dysdiadochokinesia, occurs, and could involve rapidly switching from
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Manto M, Godaux E, Jacquy J (January 1994). "Cerebellar hypermetria is larger when the inertial load is artificially increased".
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and raises the toxicity levels in the nervous system causing demyelination of the nerves. This can cause ataxia as well as other
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There are several assessment tools available to therapists and health care professionals working with patients with ataxia. The
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van de Warrenburg BP, Steijns JA, Munneke M, Kremer BP, Bloem BR (April 2005). "Falls in degenerative cerebellar ataxias".
439:. In slow-onset, chronic bilateral cases of vestibular dysfunction, these characteristic manifestations may be absent, and 17: 3903:"Immune-Mediated Cerebellar Ataxias: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Based on Immunological and Physiological Mechanisms" 1510:
Bastian AJ, Zackowski KM, Thach WT (May 2000). "Cerebellar ataxia: torque deficiency or torque mismatch between joints?".
1215:– This test has several variations including finger-to-therapist's finger, finger-to-finger, and alternate nose-to-finger. 6583: 6508: 1162: 903:
cerebellar ataxias (PACA). There is a continuum between presymptomatic ataxia and immune ataxias with clinical deficits.
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Patients may exhibit a constellation of subtle to overt cognitive symptoms, which are gathered under the terminology of
6481: 6307: 5919: 5581: 2912:"Gray matter volume of cerebellum associated with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A cross-sectional analysis" 2522:
Spinazzi M, Angelini C, Patrini C (May 2010). "Subacute sensory ataxia and optic neuropathy with thiamine deficiency".
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tapping tests – The person must quickly and repeatedly tap their arm or leg while the therapist monitors the amount of
741: 1228:(lack of coordination between visual inputs and hand movements, resulting in inability to reach and grab objects) and 6866: 6846: 6606: 6289: 1573: 1401: 1311: 6930: 6300: 6096: 5520: 376:, the loss of sensitivity to the positions of joint and body parts. This is generally caused by dysfunction of the 6476: 5956: 5909: 5364: 6121: 5939: 5743: 776: 4551:
Vallar G (July 2007). "Spatial neglect, Balint-Homes' and Gerstmann's syndrome, and other spatial disorders".
986:. Ataxia is observed for lower ouabain concentrations, dystonia is observed at higher ouabain concentrations. 5641: 1232:(lack of coordination in respiratory movements, usually due to dysfunction of the respiratory centres in the 1092: 708: 324:(slurred speech, sometimes characterised by explosive variations in voice intensity despite a regular rhythm) 3302:
Mitoma H, Adhikari K, Aeschlimann D, Chattopadhyay P, Hadjivassiliou M, Hampe CS, et al. (April 2016).
188:. Individuals with cerebellar ataxia could also display instability of gait, difficulty with eye movements, 6562: 6529: 6317: 5791: 5733: 5651: 5636: 5626: 5412: 2289:
Rothblum-Oviatt C, Wright J, Lefton-Greif MA, McGrath-Morrow SA, Crawford TO, Lederman HM (November 2016).
760:(sensory and cerebellar, with the latter predominating), autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-14 and 712: 700: 338:
Inability to judge distances or ranges of movement happens. This dysmetria is often seen as undershooting,
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Manto M, Honnorat J, Hampe CS, Guerra-Narbona R, LĂłpez-Ramos JC, Delgado-GarcĂ­a JM, et al. (2015).
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The movement disorders associated with ataxia can be managed by pharmacological treatments and through
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Ramirez-Zamora A, Zeigler W, Desai N, Biller J (April 2015). "Treatable causes of cerebellar ataxia".
502:(alcohol), which is capable of causing reversible cerebellar and vestibular ataxia. Chronic intake of 6671: 6337: 6226: 5779: 5688: 5631: 5264: 5259: 3174:"Neurological Manifestations of Wilson's Disease: Pathophysiology and Localization of Each Component" 1240: 823: 757: 581: 522: 2112: 2070:"Mechanisms of Ethanol-Induced Cerebellar Ataxia: Underpinnings of Neuronal Death in the Cerebellum" 878:
A male with gluten ataxia: previous situation and evolution after three months of a gluten-free diet
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has gait abnormality as the most commonly presented symptom. Dystaxia is a mild degree of ataxia.
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Hadjivassiliou M, Graus F, Honnorat J, Jarius S, Titulaer M, Manto M, et al. (August 2020).
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Hadjivassiliou M, Sanders DD, Aeschlimann DP (2015). "Gluten-related disorders: gluten ataxia".
3057:"Chiari Malformation Type 1: A Systematic Review of Natural History and Conservative Management" 6424: 6371: 6327: 6212: 6180: 5971: 5944: 5349: 4947: 1689: 1565: 826:(GHB) in the body. GHB accumulates in the nervous system and can cause ataxia as well as other 749: 733: 604: 561: 460: 141: 6613: 4697: 3172:
Ortiz JF, Morillo Cox Á, Tambo W, Eskander N, Wirth M, Valdez M, et al. (November 2020).
1992: 623:, can be reversible with treatment. Complications may include a neurological complex known as 6217: 5801: 5796: 5700: 5662: 5555: 5371: 3246:
GiuffrĂš M, Gazzin S, Zoratti C, Llido JP, Lanza G, Tiribelli C, et al. (December 2022).
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disorder whereby an alteration of the ATP7B gene results in an inability to properly excrete
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and associated areas near the midline) presents itself with a wide-based "drunken sailor"
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Symptoms of neurological dysfunction may be the presenting feature in some patients with
518: 229: 3557: 3353:"Spectrum of gluten-related disorders: consensus on new nomenclature and classification" 3224: 3155: 2821: 1835:"A Pt Intervention for a Patient with Sensory Ataxia in the Acute Care Oncology Setting" 1715:"Schmahmann's syndrome - identification of the third cornerstone of clinical ataxiology" 6688: 6631: 6547: 6446: 6439: 6401: 6361: 6167: 6068: 5983: 5961: 5815: 5774: 5536: 5211: 5201: 5196: 5105: 4970: 4868: 4777: 4576: 4529: 4451: 4439: 4408: 4364: 4282: 4239: 4158: 4133:
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is evident. Impairments with alternating movements (dysdiadochokinesia), as well as
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The term vestibular ataxia is used to indicate ataxia due to dysfunction of the
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Current research suggests that, if a person is able to walk with or without a
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Peculiar writing abnormalities (large, unequal letters, irregular underlining)
274:) impairs balance and the control of eye movements. This presents itself with 6919: 6861: 6742: 6646: 6542: 6131: 6063: 6013: 6008: 5993: 5988: 5966: 5875: 5842: 5707: 5576: 5494: 5437: 5035: 4925: 4885: 4838: 4823: 4270: 3768: 3617: 2979: 2878: 2565:
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Dysmetria is thought to be caused by a deficit in the control of interaction
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Pathophysiology of the motor systems: principles and clinical presentations
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multiple forms of plasticity. LTDpathies gather immune disorders targeting
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Sensory ataxia presents itself with an unsteady "stomping" gait with heavy
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Morton SM, Bastian AJ (December 2009). "Can rehabilitation help ataxia?".
3517: 3500: 3264: 2896: 2201: 1794: 1488: 1480: 6752: 6747: 6618: 6498: 6388: 6281: 6053: 5998: 5603: 5479: 5454: 5354: 5322: 5289: 5245: 5059: 4980: 4915: 4890: 4873: 4489: 3868: 3190: 3025: 2166: 1359: 1196: 1153: 1088: 780: 688: 577: 529: 468: 343: 212: 4352: 3969: 3096:"Disorders of GABA metabolism: SSADH and GABA-transaminase deficiencies" 2035: 989: 335:
of the forearm. Movements become more irregular with increases of speed.
6881: 6713: 6661: 6461: 6434: 6344: 6126: 6106: 6035: 5618: 5608: 5417: 5235: 5230: 5221: 5150: 5084: 5074: 5012: 4935: 4603:. In Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, Stephens K, Adam MP, Bird TD (eds.). 3919: 1175: 1096: 1080: 1068: 945: 938: 724: 507: 339: 332: 321: 233: 216: 189: 133: 59: 4676: 4471: 4425: 4396: 4103: 4060: 3954:"Long-term depression and other synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum" 3420: 3301: 3111: 2120:"Inadvertent Ingestion of Marijuana --- Los Angeles, California, 2009" 1887: 1645: 1161:
underwent intensive upper limb retraining. Their therapy consisted of
1071:. Some drug treatments that have been used to control ataxia include: 937:
pump has been shown to control and set the intrinsic activity mode of
6816: 6723: 6557: 6356: 6322: 6175: 6146: 6116: 6048: 6003: 5976: 5824: 5759: 5593: 5588: 5505: 5489: 5449: 5427: 5407: 5381: 5344: 5332: 5240: 5183: 5160: 5089: 5079: 5069: 5050: 5020: 4992: 4965: 4900: 4880: 1631: 1588: 1123: 1112: 1076: 842: 815: 652: 620: 585: 495: 408: 328: 225: 201: 197: 193: 55: 4776: 3667: 6416: 6080: 5386: 5226: 5064: 5045: 983: 644: 533: 511: 476: 436: 427:, which in acute and unilateral cases is associated with prominent 382: 248: 181: 177: 659:. Most of the neurological complications improve completely after 6578: 6136: 5695: 5464: 5135: 3649: 3449: 2223:
DĂ­ez S (2009). "Human Health Effects of Methylmercury Exposure".
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Schmitz TJ, O'Sullivan SB (2007). "Examination of Coordination".
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Non-hereditary causes of cerebellar degeneration include chronic
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ingestion and various other medical and recreational drugs (e.g.
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Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 198
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Calderon DP, Fremont R, Kraenzlin F, Khodakhah K (March 2011).
3304:"Consensus Paper: Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Cerebellar Ataxias" 2388: 1049: 891: 850: 616: 464: 432: 290: 240: 173: 4338: 2607: 2019:"A Rare Cause of Dizziness and Gait Ataxia: CLIPPERS Syndrome" 6876: 6784: 5949: 5140: 5130: 4256: 3171: 1993:"Ataxia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types" 979: 949: 854: 589: 517:
Other examples include various prescription drugs (e.g. most
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Manto M, Gruol D, Schmahmann J, Koibuchi N, Rossi F (2013).
4619: 4299: 3849: 3652:"The neural substrates of rapid-onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism" 3402: 3400: 3398: 3011: 2490: 2265:"Radiation Exposure and Contamination - Injuries; Poisoning" 2179: 752:(sensory and cerebellar, with the former predominating) and 4920: 4781: 4528:. The UF College of Medicine Harrell Center. Archived from 2746: 2695: 2644: 656: 510:
by oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses induced by
393: 294: 3136: 2860: 2564: 615:, poor balance, loss of sensation in the feet, changes in 560:
concentrations, is also a known cause of ataxia and other
490: 4661: 3900: 3395: 3245: 2863:"Coeliac disease presenting with cerebellar degeneration" 1348:
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
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Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States
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Mitoma H, Honnorat J, Yamaguchi K, Manto M (July 2020).
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Parviz M, Vogel K, Gibson KM, Pearl PL (November 2014).
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Hermaszewski RA, Rigby S, Dalgleish AG (November 1991).
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Forrest MD, Wall MJ, Press DA, Feng J (December 2012).
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requires a focus on adapting activity and facilitating
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of the brain might help determine potential causes. An
232:, may also be displayed. Tremor of the head and trunk ( 4643:"Cerebellar ataxia but normal neuroimaging: now what?" 4132: 3093: 1174:. Severe ataxia may eventually lead to the need for a 764:. An example of X-linked ataxic condition is the rare 407:
by having patients stand with their feet together and
403:
Physicians can find evidence of sensory ataxia during
3297: 3295: 3293: 3054: 2493:"Doctor i am swaying – An interesting case of ataxia" 1679: 1509: 990:
Cerebellar ataxia associated with anti-GAD antibodies
236:) may be seen in individuals with cerebellar ataxia. 172:. Although ataxia is not present with all cerebellar 5566:
Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States
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Mitoma H, Manto M, Hadjivassiliou M (January 2021).
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Pavan MR, Deepak M, Basavaprabhu A, Gupta A (2012).
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Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA)
666: 27:
Neurological impairment of voluntary muscle movement
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List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita
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Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders
3216: 2434:"Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord" 2342:"Vitamin B12 deficiency presenting as acute ataxia" 2017:Maenhoudt W, Ramboer K, Maqueda V (February 2016). 4478:Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 3344: 3290: 1426:Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1389: 6242:Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States 5647:Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism 4601:"Hereditary Ataxia Overview (last revision 2012)" 4467: 4465: 4037: 2854: 2466:Victor M, Ropper AH, Adams RD, Samuels M (2009). 2459: 2067: 1466: 1383:"Disorders of the Cerebellum and Its Connections" 6917: 4334: 4332: 3800: 3698: 1873: 1374: 783:. It consists of a downward displacement of the 6624:Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility 3055:Langridge B, Phillips E, Choi D (August 2017). 2752: 2701: 2650: 2440:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2431: 1917:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 4462: 2909: 1762: 1760: 812:Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency 807:Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency 772:Arnold–Chiari malformation (congenital ataxia) 5521: 4762: 4329: 4000: 2960: 2391:Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 1832: 1239:Optic ataxia may be caused by lesions to the 1183:International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale 625:subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord 128:, that indicates dysfunction of parts of the 6186:International Women's Collaboration Brew Day 4544: 4419: 4250: 4169: 3222: 3014:American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A 2216: 2068:Mitoma H, Manto M, Shaikh AG (August 2021). 2061: 1625: 1551: 1549: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 572:Ataxia can be induced as a result of severe 3856:International Journal of Molecular Sciences 3498: 3252:International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2954: 2797: 2497:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2339: 2173: 2023:Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology 1942: 1757: 1712: 1582: 1503: 766:fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome 6827:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933 6397:List of countries with alcohol prohibition 5528: 5514: 4769: 4755: 2484: 2468:Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology 2138: 1909:Forbes J, Munakomi S, Cronovich H (2024). 1675: 1673: 1671: 1555: 1380: 1345: 372:is used to indicate ataxia due to loss of 259:of the elbow would create a torque at the 5729:Short-term effects of alcohol consumption 4497: 3977: 3928: 3918: 3877: 3867: 3826: 3777: 3767: 3726: 3716: 3675: 3626: 3616: 3575: 3565: 3516: 3475: 3378: 3368: 3327: 3273: 3263: 3199: 3189: 3143:Walshe JM. Clarke CE, Nicholl DJ (eds.). 3119: 2988: 2978: 2937: 2927: 2886: 2837: 2780: 2770: 2729: 2719: 2678: 2668: 2365: 2316: 2306: 2095: 2085: 2044: 2034: 1968: 1850: 1784: 1740: 1730: 1546: 1326: 1143:proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation 890:, which is triggered by the ingestion of 853:from the body. Copper accumulates in the 595: 3152:Birmingham Movement Disorders Coursebook 3087: 2753:Jarius S, Wildemann B (September 2015). 2702:Jarius S, Wildemann B (September 2015). 2651:Jarius S, Wildemann B (September 2015). 868: 556:, through consumption of fish with high 6367:Legal drinking age in the United States 4598: 4526:Online physical exam teaching assistant 4176:Perlman SL (November 2006). "Ataxias". 4175: 3598: 2903: 1766: 1668: 1388:. In Saladin LK, Fredericks CM (eds.). 894:. Early diagnosis and treatment with a 491:Exogenous substances (metabolic ataxia) 124:, speech changes, and abnormalities in 14: 6918: 5535: 4640: 4550: 3951: 2144: 1564:. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer. pp.  679:Non-hereditary cerebellar degeneration 576:with an absorbed dose of more than 30 567: 400:, such as in poorly lit environments. 268:Dysfunction of the vestibulocerebellum 132:that coordinate movement, such as the 112:α- + -Ï„ÎŹÎŸÎčς = "lack of order") is a 6350:List of dry communities by U.S. state 5509: 4750: 4607:. University of Washington, Seattle. 1688:. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. pp.  915:may be a factor in some ataxias. The 718: 521:have cerebellar ataxia as a possible 5863:List of methanol poisoning incidents 4303:Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 3801:Mitoma H, Manto M, Hampe CS (2019). 3756:Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 3699:Mitoma H, Manto M, Hampe CS (2017). 2222: 2159:10.1001/archneur.1976.00500050012003 982:results in it displaying ataxia and 711:, and infectious or post-infectious 627:, and other neurological disorders. 584:may have a high sensitivity towards 6584:Alcohol consumption recommendations 6509:Temperance and Good Citizenship Day 3505:Journal of Integrative Neuroscience 2961:Parvez MS, Ohtsuki G (March 2022). 1955:(4 Movement Disorders): 1208–1226. 1560:Neuroanatomy through clinical cases 1287:"Dystaxia Definition & Meaning" 1163:constraint-induced movement therapy 833: 24: 6926:Symptoms and signs: Nervous system 6308:Alcohol packaging warning messages 5920:Alcohol use among college students 5582:Drunk driving in the United States 4819:Festinating gait/Parkinsonian gait 4591: 4440:10.1212/01.wnl.0000219042.60538.92 3235:from the original on 27 July 2014. 3225:"Wilson's disease – PubMed Health" 3142: 2269:Merck Manuals Professional Edition 2227:. Vol. 198. pp. 111–32. 978:pumps in the cerebellum of a live 742:dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy 82:Deterioration of fine motor skills 25: 6942: 6867:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 6847:Index of alcohol-related articles 6290:Administrative License Suspension 4655: 3819:10.2174/1570159X16666180917105033 2340:Crawford JR, Say D (March 2013). 2295:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2291:"Ataxia telangiectasia: a review" 1943:Ashizawa T, Xia G (August 2016). 906: 667:Causes of isolated sensory ataxia 630: 6900: 6899: 6301:Alcoholic beverage control state 6097:Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate 5413:Overpronation/Flexible flat feet 4662:National Ataxia Foundation (USA) 4315:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.03.016 3499:Manto M, Mitoma H (April 2024). 2194:10.2165/00002018-199106040-00003 2126:from the original on 11 May 2011 1852:10.1097/01893697-201230010-00010 1312:"Ataxia - Symptoms & Causes" 864: 525:), Lithium level over 1.5mEq/L, 459:Any type of focal lesion of the 454: 118:coordination of muscle movements 116:consisting of lack of voluntary 5910:Alcohol in association football 4522:"OPETA: Neurologic Examination" 4375: 4341:Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation 4293: 4126: 4083: 3945: 3894: 3843: 3794: 3743: 3692: 3643: 3592: 3533: 3492: 3443: 3239: 3165: 3048: 3005: 2601: 2558: 2515: 2503:from the original on 8 May 2014 2425: 2382: 2333: 2282: 2257: 2010: 1985: 1936: 1902: 1867: 1826: 1801: 1706: 6122:List of deaths through alcohol 5940:Epidemiology of binge drinking 5744:Subjective response to alcohol 3705:Journal of Immunology Research 2432:Qudsiya Z, De Jesus O (2022). 1460: 1417: 1304: 1279: 799:as a result of obstruction of 443:may be the sole presentation. 13: 1: 6607:Sweat alcohol content monitor 5642:Alcoholism in rural Australia 4178:Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 3907:Journal of Movement Disorders 3100:Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy 2579:10.1016/S1474-4422(05)70096-X 1876:European Journal of Neurology 1272: 1219: 1093:trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 1003:(LTD), a form of plasticity. 709:normal-pressure hydrocephalus 552:. Exposure to high levels of 418: 251:would create a torque at the 184:, delayed reaction time, and 152: 79:Trouble eating and swallowing 6530:Adult Children of Alcoholics 6318:Drunk driving law by country 5734:Long-term effects of alcohol 5652:Disease theory of alcoholism 5637:Alcoholism in family systems 5627:Alcohol and Native Americans 4864:Myopathic gait/Waddling gait 4228:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c33adf 4147:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000774 4135:Current Opinion in Neurology 4015:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c33b21 3599:Forrest MD (December 2014). 3567:10.1371/journal.pone.0051169 2867:Postgraduate Medical Journal 2759:Journal of Neuroinflammation 2708:Journal of Neuroinflammation 2657:Journal of Neuroinflammation 1961:10.1212/CON.0000000000000362 1833:Ruppert L, Kendig T (2012). 1396:. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. 1195:Tandem Walking (to test for 1042: 1006: 701:high-altitude cerebral edema 7: 6257:International whisk(e)y day 5571:Driving under the influence 2233:10.1007/978-0-387-09647-6_3 1250: 639:. These include reversible 10: 6947: 6773:Christian views on alcohol 6379:List of alcohol laws of US 5657:High-functioning alcoholic 4190:10.1016/j.cger.2006.06.011 3468:10.1007/s12311-020-01132-8 3073:10.1016/j.wneu.2017.04.082 2830:10.1038/s41598-019-52563-1 1713:Manto M, MariĂ«n P (2015). 1512:Journal of Neurophysiology 1314:. Mayo Clinic. 3 June 2020 777:Arnold–Chiari malformation 580:. Furthermore, those with 363: 156: 91:Eye movement abnormalities 29: 6895: 6839: 6793: 6763: 6687: 6672:Alcoholic spirits measure 6657:Low-alcoholic malt drinks 6571: 6415: 6387: 6338:Ignition interlock device 6280: 6271: 6227:Drunken monkey hypothesis 6160: 6089: 6060:Routes of administration 5841: 5752: 5721: 5689:Alcohol congener analysis 5671: 5632:Alcoholism in adolescence 5617: 5554: 5543: 5395: 5313: 5280: 5265:Lower motor neuron lesion 5260:Upper motor neuron lesion 5182: 5098: 5065:Myotonia / Pseudomyotonia 5011: 4946: 4788: 4780:relating to movement and 4670: 4565:10.1017/S1092852900021271 3807:Current Neuropharmacology 3320:10.1007/s12311-015-0664-x 2929:10.3389/fneur.2022.922199 2772:10.1186/s12974-015-0358-9 2721:10.1186/s12974-015-0357-x 2670:10.1186/s12974-015-0356-y 2622:10.1007/s00401-008-0362-6 2524:Nature Reviews. Neurology 2308:10.1186/s13023-016-0543-7 1732:10.1186/s40673-015-0023-1 1603:10.1007/s12311-010-0155-z 1524:10.1152/jn.2000.83.5.3019 1241:posterior parietal cortex 900:neurons in the cerebellum 824:gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid 779:is a malformation of the 574:acute radiation poisoning 546:NMDA receptor antagonists 446: 65: 49: 44: 4271:10.1177/0269215508097853 3769:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00078 3618:10.3389/fphys.2014.00472 2980:10.3390/brainsci12030367 2879:10.1136/pgmj.67.793.1023 2536:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.16 2403:10.1177/0891988704272308 1767:Bastian AJ (June 1997). 1719:Cerebellum & Ataxias 1438:10.1136/jnnp-2013-307225 147: 6931:Complications of stroke 6852:Alcohol and spaceflight 6594:Alcohol server training 6467:Managed alcohol program 6045:Binge drinking devices 5739:Pharmacology of ethanol 4259:Clinical Rehabilitation 3605:Frontiers in Physiology 3370:10.1186/1741-7015-10-13 2358:10.1136/bcr-2013-008840 1839:Rehabilitation Oncology 1684:Physical rehabilitation 1115:, and a combination of 861:and organ impairments. 695:and non-paraneoplastic 672:Peripheral neuropathies 32:Ataxia (disambiguation) 6457:Alcohol rehabilitation 6425:Alcohol detoxification 6328:Field sobriety testing 6213:Health effects of wine 6181:International Beer Day 5945:Holiday heart syndrome 2916:Frontiers in Neurology 2087:10.3390/ijerph18168678 1769:"Mechanisms of ataxia" 1381:Fredericks CM (1996). 879: 734:spinocerebellar ataxia 562:neurological disorders 506:causes atrophy of the 461:central nervous system 320:A peculiar pattern of 6709:Disulfiram-like drugs 6249:Ritual use of alcohol 6218:Wine and food pairing 6203:ApĂ©ritif and digestif 5854:Adulterated moonshine 5701:Blood alcohol content 5663:Seeing pink elephants 5372:Boutonniere deformity 3518:10.31083/j.jin2304079 3265:10.3390/ijms232415564 3161:on 10 September 2011. 2610:Acta Neuropathologica 2567:The Lancet. Neurology 2147:Archives of Neurology 1556:Blumenfeld H (2002). 1481:10.1002/ana.410350108 1257:Ataxic cerebral palsy 913:sodium-potassium pump 877: 762:abetalipoproteinaemia 758:ataxia–telangiectasia 723:Ataxia may depend on 663:replacement therapy. 649:peripheral neuropathy 582:ataxia telangiectasia 527:synthetic cannabinoid 355:Schmahmann's syndrome 6778:Alcohol in the Bible 6765:Religion and alcohol 6731:General anaesthetics 6524:Alcoholics Anonymous 6482:List of mixed drinks 5935:Alcohol intoxication 5850:Adulterated alcohol 5443:Clasp-knife response 4490:10.1136/jnnp.57.1.22 3869:10.3390/ijms21144936 3718:10.1155/2017/2913297 3223:Haldeman-Englert C. 3191:10.7759/cureus.11509 3026:10.1002/ajmg.a.62701 1786:10.1093/ptj/77.6.672 1360:10.1176/jnp.16.3.367 1065:occupational therapy 1012:Imaging studies – A 1001:long-term depression 882:Gluten ataxia is an 795:, sometimes causing 754:Niemann–Pick disease 685:alcohol use disorder 405:physical examination 276:postural instability 272:flocculonodular lobe 73:Lack of coordination 30:For other uses, see 18:Loss of coordination 6857:Gateway drug effect 6643:Low-alcohol drinks 6472:Non-alcoholic drink 6407:Temperance movement 6389:Alcohol prohibition 6112:Gilbert Paul Jordan 6102:Dionysian Mysteries 5886:on college campuses 5881:Alcohol advertising 5599:Public intoxication 5475:Conversion disorder 5377:Swan neck deformity 5300:Locomotive syndrome 4353:10.1310/tsr1503-262 3970:10.2183/pjab.89.183 3656:Nature Neuroscience 3558:2012PLoSO...751169F 2822:2019NatSR...916406S 2036:10.5334/jbr-btr.997 1469:Annals of Neurology 1213:finger-nose testing 1101:phosphatidylcholine 1073:5-hydroxytryptophan 1030:cerebrospinal fluid 911:Malfunction of the 801:cerebrospinal fluid 750:Friedreich's ataxia 746:autosomal recessive 568:Radiation poisoning 544:, all of which are 519:antiepileptic drugs 342:, or overshooting, 304:Dysfunction of the 285:Dysfunction of the 142:Friedreich's ataxia 6689:Addiction medicine 6632:Get Your Sexy Back 6572:Alcohol limitation 6548:Sober living house 6514:Twelve-step groups 6447:Brief intervention 6440:Open-container law 6402:Neo-prohibitionism 6362:Legal drinking age 6168:Alcoholic beverage 6069:Alcohol inhalation 5984:Drinking in public 5962:Blackout Wednesday 5820:Beverage-specific 5537:Alcohol and health 5212:Spastic paraplegia 5202:Spastic paraplegia 5197:Periodic paralysis 5106:Abnormal posturing 4971:Dysdiadochokinesia 4907:Asynchronous gait 4869:Trendelenburg gait 4829:Marche Ă  petit pas 4778:Signs and symptoms 4599:Perlman S (1998). 4385:Movement Disorders 4184:(4): 859–77, vii. 4092:Movement Disorders 4049:Movement Disorders 3920:10.14802/jmd.20040 3409:Digestive Diseases 3145:"Wilson's Disease" 3061:World Neurosurgery 2873:(793): 1023–1024. 2810:Scientific Reports 1634:Movement Disorders 1230:ataxic respiration 1207:dysdiadochokinesia 1197:Tandem gaitability 1191:Berg Balance Scale 884:autoimmune disease 880: 785:cerebellar tonsils 748:disorders such as 730:autosomal dominant 719:Hereditary ataxias 473:multiple sclerosis 221:ataxic respiration 206:dysdiadochokinesia 88:Gait abnormalities 85:Difficulty walking 6913: 6912: 6835: 6834: 6785:Islam and alcohol 6719:Calcium carbimide 6589:Alcohol education 6477:List of cocktails 6452:Designated driver 6430:Alcohol-free zone 6333:Hip flask defence 6267: 6266: 6208:Hangover remedies 6152:Whiskey Rebellion 6142:Six o'clock swill 5930:Austrian syndrome 5869:Surrogate alcohol 5859:Denatured alcohol 5831:Red wine headache 5503: 5502: 5192:Flaccid paralysis 5013:Abnormal movement 5003:Hemimotor neglect 4961:Cerebellar ataxia 4911:Gunslinger's gait 4809:Cerebellar ataxia 4744: 4743: 4641:Esmail S (2018). 4633:978-94-007-1332-1 4434:(11): 1717–1720. 4397:10.1002/mds.20781 4222:(22): 1823–1830. 4104:10.1002/mds.26158 4061:10.1002/mds.22564 4009:(22): 1818–1819. 3952:Hirano T (2013). 3421:10.1159/000369509 3112:10.3233/PEP-14097 2477:978-0-07-149992-7 2352:: bcr2013008840. 2242:978-0-387-09646-9 1888:10.1111/ene.14942 1699:978-0-8036-1247-1 1646:10.1002/mds.20375 1245:Balint's syndrome 1234:medulla oblongata 1139:Frenkel exercises 875: 641:cerebellar ataxia 425:vestibular system 306:cerebrocerebellum 165:cerebellar ataxia 159:Cerebellar ataxia 120:that can include 114:neurological sign 103: 102: 39:Medical condition 16:(Redirected from 6938: 6903: 6902: 6702:Chlordiazepoxide 6652:Low-alcohol beer 6296:Alcohol monopoly 6278: 6277: 6198:Drinking culture 6191:Women in brewing 6074:Vodka eyeballing 6041:Passive drinking 5552: 5551: 5530: 5523: 5516: 5507: 5506: 5207:Spastic diplegia 5174:Tonic immobility 5166:Waxy flexibility 5110:Stooped posture 4916:Hemiparetic gait 4897:Asymmetric gait 4796:Gait abnormality 4771: 4764: 4757: 4748: 4747: 4668: 4667: 4650: 4637: 4616: 4585: 4584: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4532:on 18 March 2012 4518: 4512: 4511: 4501: 4469: 4460: 4459: 4423: 4417: 4416: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4336: 4327: 4326: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4211: 4202: 4201: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4055:(8): 1111–1124. 4044: 4035: 4034: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3981: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3932: 3922: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3881: 3871: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3830: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3781: 3771: 3747: 3741: 3740: 3730: 3720: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3679: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3630: 3620: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3579: 3569: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3520: 3496: 3490: 3489: 3479: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3404: 3393: 3392: 3382: 3372: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3331: 3299: 3288: 3287: 3277: 3267: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3203: 3193: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3154:. Archived from 3149: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3123: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3020:(6): 1909–1914. 3009: 3003: 3002: 2992: 2982: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2941: 2931: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2890: 2858: 2852: 2851: 2841: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2784: 2774: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2733: 2723: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2682: 2672: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2488: 2482: 2481: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2369: 2346:BMJ Case Reports 2337: 2331: 2330: 2320: 2310: 2286: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2261: 2255: 2254: 2220: 2214: 2213: 2177: 2171: 2170: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2116: 2110: 2109: 2099: 2089: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2048: 2038: 2014: 2008: 2007: 2005: 2003: 1997:Cleveland Clinic 1989: 1983: 1982: 1972: 1940: 1934: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1906: 1900: 1899: 1882:(9): 3211–3219. 1871: 1865: 1864: 1854: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1809:"Sensory Ataxia" 1805: 1799: 1798: 1788: 1773:Physical Therapy 1764: 1755: 1754: 1744: 1734: 1710: 1704: 1703: 1687: 1677: 1666: 1665: 1629: 1623: 1622: 1586: 1580: 1579: 1563: 1553: 1544: 1543: 1518:(5): 3019–3030. 1507: 1501: 1500: 1464: 1458: 1457: 1421: 1415: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1395: 1387: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1343: 1324: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1308: 1302: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1283: 1262:Locomotor ataxia 1130:Physical therapy 1091:or derivatives, 1061:physical therapy 1023: 1019: 1015: 977: 976: 975: 966: 965: 964: 942:Purkinje neurons 936: 935: 934: 925: 924: 923: 896:gluten-free diet 876: 839:Wilson's disease 834:Wilson's disease 619:, dementia, and 542:dextromethorphan 312:Intention tremor 122:gait abnormality 42: 41: 21: 6946: 6945: 6941: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6916: 6915: 6914: 6909: 6891: 6872:Self-medication 6831: 6789: 6759: 6697:Benzodiazepines 6683: 6567: 6553:Sobering center 6538:Sober companion 6519:Al-Anon/Alateen 6411: 6383: 6273: 6263: 6156: 6085: 6025:In vino veritas 6019:Hair of the dog 5837: 5753:Adverse effects 5748: 5717: 5667: 5613: 5557: 5556:Alcohol-related 5547: 5539: 5534: 5504: 5499: 5470:Motion sickness 5403:Rachitic rosary 5391: 5340:Joint stiffness 5315:Range of motion 5309: 5276: 5272:Sleep paralysis 5256:General causes 5178: 5094: 5007: 4942: 4854:Vestibular gait 4834:Propulsive gait 4784: 4775: 4745: 4740: 4739: 4679: 4658: 4653: 4634: 4594: 4592:Further reading 4589: 4588: 4549: 4545: 4535: 4533: 4520: 4519: 4515: 4470: 4463: 4424: 4420: 4380: 4376: 4337: 4330: 4298: 4294: 4255: 4251: 4212: 4205: 4174: 4170: 4131: 4127: 4088: 4084: 4045: 4038: 3999: 3995: 3950: 3946: 3899: 3895: 3848: 3844: 3799: 3795: 3748: 3744: 3697: 3693: 3668:10.1038/nn.2753 3648: 3644: 3597: 3593: 3538: 3534: 3497: 3493: 3448: 3444: 3405: 3396: 3349: 3345: 3300: 3291: 3244: 3240: 3221: 3217: 3170: 3166: 3158: 3147: 3141: 3137: 3092: 3088: 3053: 3049: 3010: 3006: 2959: 2955: 2908: 2904: 2859: 2855: 2802: 2798: 2751: 2747: 2700: 2696: 2649: 2645: 2606: 2602: 2563: 2559: 2520: 2516: 2506: 2504: 2489: 2485: 2478: 2464: 2460: 2450: 2448: 2430: 2426: 2387: 2383: 2338: 2334: 2287: 2283: 2273: 2271: 2263: 2262: 2258: 2243: 2221: 2217: 2178: 2174: 2143: 2139: 2129: 2127: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2066: 2062: 2015: 2011: 2001: 1999: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1941: 1937: 1927: 1925: 1907: 1903: 1872: 1868: 1831: 1827: 1817: 1815: 1807: 1806: 1802: 1765: 1758: 1711: 1707: 1700: 1678: 1669: 1630: 1626: 1587: 1583: 1576: 1554: 1547: 1508: 1504: 1465: 1461: 1422: 1418: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1385: 1379: 1375: 1344: 1327: 1317: 1315: 1310: 1309: 1305: 1295: 1293: 1285: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1253: 1222: 1120: 1109:4-aminopyridine 1045: 1036:Genetic testing 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 992: 974: 972: 971: 970: 968: 963: 961: 960: 959: 957: 933: 931: 930: 929: 927: 922: 920: 919: 918: 916: 909: 869: 867: 836: 809: 774: 738:episodic ataxia 721: 681: 669: 661:thyroid hormone 633: 608: 602: 599: 570: 550:benzodiazepines 493: 485:cerebral cortex 457: 449: 421: 366: 287:spinocerebellum 186:dyschronometria 161: 155: 150: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6944: 6934: 6933: 6928: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6907: 6896: 6893: 6892: 6890: 6889: 6887:French paradox 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6836: 6833: 6832: 6830: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6797: 6795: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6787: 6782: 6781: 6780: 6769: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6757: 6756: 6755: 6750: 6743:Sulfonic acids 6740: 6739: 6738: 6728: 6727: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6706: 6705: 6704: 6693: 6691: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6681: 6680: 6679: 6677:Standard drink 6674: 6666: 6665: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6641: 6639:Liquor license 6636: 6635: 6634: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6610: 6609: 6604: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6575: 6573: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6527: 6521: 6511: 6506: 6504:Temperance bar 6501: 6496: 6495: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6437: 6427: 6421: 6419: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6393: 6391: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6381: 6376: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6359: 6354: 6353: 6352: 6342: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6304: 6303: 6293: 6286: 6284: 6275: 6269: 6268: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6261: 6260: 6259: 6251: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6223: 6222: 6221: 6220: 6210: 6205: 6195: 6194: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6170: 6164: 6162: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6093: 6091: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6083: 6078: 6077: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6051: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5980: 5979: 5974: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5953: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5925:Binge drinking 5922: 5917: 5915:Alcohol powder 5912: 5907: 5905:Alcohol myopia 5902: 5901: 5900: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5878: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5866: 5856: 5847: 5845: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5827: 5818: 5813: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5783: 5782: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5756: 5754: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5725: 5723: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5715: 5713:Wine chemistry 5710: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5693: 5692: 5691: 5681: 5679:Beer chemistry 5675: 5673: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5665: 5660: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5623: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5585: 5584: 5574: 5568: 5562: 5560: 5549: 5541: 5540: 5533: 5532: 5525: 5518: 5510: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5460:Astasia-abasia 5457: 5452: 5447: 5446: 5445: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5423:Bow-leggedness 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5399: 5397: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5368: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5336: 5335: 5330: 5319: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5286: 5284: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5274: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5262: 5254: 5253: 5252: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5224: 5216: 5215: 5214: 5209: 5199: 5194: 5188: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5171: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5122: 5121: 5116: 5108: 5102: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5017: 5015: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4988:Sensory ataxia 4985: 4984: 4983: 4978: 4976:Pronator drift 4973: 4968: 4958: 4952: 4950: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4938: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4895: 4894: 4893: 4888: 4878: 4877: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4858: 4857: 4856: 4851: 4849:Truncal ataxia 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4798: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4785: 4774: 4773: 4766: 4759: 4751: 4742: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4726: 4715: 4700: 4680: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4671:Classification 4665: 4664: 4657: 4656:External links 4654: 4652: 4651: 4638: 4632: 4617: 4605:All GeneReview 4595: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4586: 4559:(7): 527–536. 4543: 4513: 4461: 4418: 4391:(5): 699–704. 4374: 4347:(3): 262–271. 4328: 4292: 4249: 4203: 4168: 4141:(1): 150–160. 4125: 4098:(5): 614–623. 4082: 4036: 3993: 3964:(5): 183–195. 3944: 3893: 3842: 3793: 3742: 3691: 3662:(3): 357–365. 3642: 3591: 3552:(12): e51169. 3532: 3491: 3462:(4): 605–610. 3442: 3415:(2): 264–268. 3394: 3343: 3314:(2): 213–232. 3289: 3238: 3215: 3184:(11): e11509. 3164: 3135: 3106:(4): 217–227. 3086: 3047: 3004: 2967:Brain Sciences 2953: 2902: 2853: 2796: 2745: 2694: 2643: 2616:(3): 331–336. 2600: 2573:(6): 349–361. 2557: 2530:(5): 288–293. 2514: 2483: 2476: 2458: 2424: 2381: 2332: 2281: 2256: 2241: 2215: 2188:(4): 247–265. 2172: 2153:(5): 326–332. 2137: 2111: 2060: 2009: 1984: 1935: 1911:"Romberg Test" 1901: 1866: 1825: 1800: 1779:(6): 672–675. 1756: 1705: 1698: 1667: 1640:(4): 497–500. 1624: 1597:(2): 232–239. 1581: 1574: 1545: 1502: 1459: 1432:(8): 922–928. 1416: 1402: 1373: 1354:(3): 367–378. 1325: 1303: 1291:Dictionary.com 1277: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1252: 1249: 1221: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1210: 1203: 1200: 1193: 1134:motor learning 1118: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1033: 1026: 1008: 1005: 996:GAD antibodies 991: 988: 973: 962: 932: 921: 908: 907:Potassium pump 905: 888:celiac disease 866: 863: 847:recessive gene 835: 832: 820:recessive gene 808: 805: 793:foramen magnum 773: 770: 720: 717: 705:celiac disease 693:paraneoplastic 680: 677: 668: 665: 637:hypothyroidism 632: 631:Hypothyroidism 629: 613:proprioception 606: 601: 597: 594: 569: 566: 523:adverse effect 492: 489: 456: 453: 448: 445: 441:dysequilibrium 420: 417: 413:Romberg's test 387:parietal lobes 378:dorsal columns 374:proprioception 370:sensory ataxia 365: 362: 361: 360: 359: 358: 351: 347: 336: 325: 318: 315: 302: 283: 280:Romberg's test 170:motor planning 154: 151: 149: 146: 130:nervous system 101: 100: 99: 98: 97:Heart problems 95: 92: 89: 86: 83: 80: 77: 76:Slurred speech 74: 69: 63: 62: 53: 47: 46: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6943: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6923: 6921: 6906: 6898: 6897: 6894: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6862:Mood disorder 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6838: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6792: 6786: 6783: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6774: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6762: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6745: 6744: 6741: 6737: 6736:Nitrous oxide 6734: 6733: 6732: 6729: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6711: 6710: 6707: 6703: 6700: 6699: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6686: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6647:Fermented tea 6645: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6633: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6570: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6543:Sober curious 6541: 6539: 6536: 6531: 6528: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6414: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6377: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6364: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6346: 6343: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6320: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6294: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6279: 6276: 6270: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6239: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6232:Ladies' night 6230: 6228: 6225: 6219: 6216: 6215: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6199: 6196: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6159: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6132:Rum Rebellion 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6088: 6082: 6079: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6064:Alcohol enema 6062: 6061: 6059: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6026: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6014:Flaming drink 6012: 6010: 6009:Dutch courage 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5994:Drunk walking 5992: 5990: 5989:Drunk dialing 5987: 5985: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5968: 5967:Drinking game 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5927: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5895: 5894: 5891: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5876:Alcohol abuse 5874: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5843:Social issues 5840: 5832: 5828: 5826: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5781: 5780:breast cancer 5778: 5777: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5751: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5720: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5708:Fusel alcohol 5706: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5697: 5694: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5661: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5580: 5579: 5578: 5577:Drunk driving 5575: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5553: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5531: 5526: 5524: 5519: 5517: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5496: 5495:Dancing mania 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5438:Hyperreflexia 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5352: 5351: 5350:Hypermobility 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5279: 5273: 5270: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5181: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5156:Joint locking 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5097: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5036:Fasciculation 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4963: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4926:Antalgic gait 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4886:Steppage gait 4884: 4883: 4882: 4879: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4839:Stomping gait 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4824:Magnetic gait 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4772: 4767: 4765: 4760: 4758: 4753: 4752: 4749: 4736: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4725: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4714: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4681: 4678: 4673: 4669: 4663: 4660: 4659: 4648: 4644: 4639: 4635: 4629: 4625: 4624: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4597: 4596: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4553:CNS Spectrums 4547: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4468: 4466: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4422: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4378: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4335: 4333: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4296: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4253: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4210: 4208: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4172: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4129: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4086: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4043: 4041: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3997: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3948: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3897: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3862:(14): E4936. 3861: 3857: 3853: 3846: 3838: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3646: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3595: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3536: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3495: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3446: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3390: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3347: 3339: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3285: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3258:(24): 15564. 3257: 3253: 3249: 3242: 3234: 3230: 3229:PubMed Health 3226: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3168: 3157: 3153: 3146: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3090: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3051: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3008: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2957: 2949: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2857: 2849: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2800: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2749: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2698: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2604: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2561: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2518: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2487: 2479: 2473: 2469: 2462: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2428: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2385: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2336: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2285: 2270: 2266: 2260: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2219: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2176: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2141: 2125: 2121: 2115: 2107: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2064: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2013: 1998: 1994: 1988: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1939: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1905: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1870: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1829: 1814: 1810: 1804: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1763: 1761: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1709: 1701: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1685: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1628: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1585: 1577: 1575:0-87893-060-4 1571: 1567: 1562: 1561: 1552: 1550: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1506: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1463: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1420: 1405: 1403:0-8036-0093-3 1399: 1394: 1393: 1384: 1377: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1313: 1307: 1292: 1288: 1282: 1278: 1268: 1267:Bruns apraxia 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1105:acetazolamide 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1085:physostigmine 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1054:benign tumour 1051: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1027: 1011: 1010: 1004: 1002: 997: 987: 985: 981: 955: 952:. Indeed, an 951: 947: 943: 940: 914: 904: 901: 897: 893: 889: 886:derived from 885: 865:Gluten ataxia 862: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 831: 830:dysfunction. 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 804: 802: 798: 797:hydrocephalus 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 769: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 744:, as well as 743: 739: 735: 732:ones such as 731: 726: 716: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 676: 673: 664: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 628: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 593: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 565: 563: 559: 555: 554:methylmercury 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 528: 524: 520: 515: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 488: 486: 482: 481:parietal lobe 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 455:Focal lesions 452: 444: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 416: 414: 410: 406: 401: 399: 395: 390: 388: 384: 379: 375: 371: 356: 352: 348: 345: 341: 337: 334: 330: 326: 323: 319: 316: 313: 310: 309: 307: 303: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 281: 277: 273: 269: 266: 265: 264: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 237: 235: 231: 227: 222: 218: 214: 209: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 166: 160: 145: 143: 137: 135: 131: 127: 126:eye movements 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 96: 93: 90: 87: 84: 81: 78: 75: 72: 71: 70: 68: 64: 61: 57: 54: 52: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 6822:Gin Act 1751 6812:Bratt System 6805: 6801: 6668:Measurement 6602:Breathalyzer 6372:Shoulder tap 6024: 5898:Beer goggles 5433:Hyporeflexia 5328:Bethlem sign 5295:Gowers' sign 5250:Quadruplegia 5126:Opisthotonus 5119:Osteoporosis 5114:Camptocormia 5056:Hyperkinesia 5041:Fibrillation 4955: 4948:Coordination 4901:Leaping gait 4844:Spastic gait 4814:Choreic gait 4804:Scissor gait 4728: 4717: 4702: 4683: 4646: 4626:. Springer. 4622: 4604: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4534:. Retrieved 4530:the original 4525: 4516: 4484:(1): 22–26. 4481: 4477: 4431: 4427: 4421: 4388: 4384: 4377: 4344: 4340: 4306: 4302: 4295: 4265:(1): 15–26. 4262: 4258: 4252: 4219: 4215: 4181: 4177: 4171: 4138: 4134: 4128: 4095: 4091: 4085: 4052: 4048: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3961: 3957: 3947: 3913:(1): 10–28. 3910: 3906: 3896: 3859: 3855: 3845: 3813:(1): 33–58. 3810: 3806: 3796: 3759: 3755: 3745: 3708: 3704: 3694: 3659: 3655: 3645: 3611:(472): 472. 3608: 3604: 3594: 3549: 3545: 3535: 3508: 3504: 3494: 3459: 3455: 3445: 3412: 3408: 3360: 3357:BMC Medicine 3356: 3346: 3311: 3307: 3255: 3251: 3241: 3228: 3218: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3156:the original 3151: 3138: 3103: 3099: 3089: 3064: 3060: 3050: 3017: 3013: 3007: 2970: 2966: 2956: 2919: 2915: 2905: 2870: 2866: 2856: 2816:(1): 16406. 2813: 2809: 2799: 2762: 2758: 2748: 2711: 2707: 2697: 2660: 2656: 2646: 2613: 2609: 2603: 2570: 2566: 2560: 2527: 2523: 2517: 2505:. Retrieved 2496: 2486: 2467: 2461: 2449:. Retrieved 2437: 2427: 2397:(1): 33–38. 2394: 2390: 2384: 2349: 2345: 2335: 2298: 2294: 2284: 2272:. Retrieved 2268: 2259: 2224: 2218: 2185: 2181: 2175: 2150: 2146: 2140: 2128:. Retrieved 2114: 2080:(16): 8678. 2077: 2073: 2063: 2026: 2022: 2012: 2000:. Retrieved 1996: 1987: 1952: 1948: 1938: 1926:. Retrieved 1914: 1904: 1879: 1875: 1869: 1845:(1): 24–25. 1842: 1838: 1828: 1816:. Retrieved 1812: 1803: 1776: 1772: 1722: 1718: 1708: 1683: 1637: 1633: 1627: 1594: 1590: 1584: 1559: 1515: 1511: 1505: 1475:(1): 45–52. 1472: 1468: 1462: 1429: 1425: 1419: 1407:. Retrieved 1391: 1376: 1351: 1347: 1316:. Retrieved 1306: 1296:13 September 1294:. Retrieved 1290: 1281: 1238: 1226:optic ataxia 1225: 1223: 1180: 1172:coordination 1159: 1150:mobility aid 1147: 1128: 1058: 1046: 1032:for testing. 993: 910: 881: 859:neurological 837: 828:neurological 810: 791:through the 775: 722: 713:cerebellitis 682: 670: 634: 603: 571: 516: 514:deficiency. 494: 458: 450: 422: 402: 398:visual input 391: 367: 238: 210: 162: 138: 105: 104: 36: 6802:Beer Street 6753:Homotaurine 6748:Acamprosate 6619:Dry January 6598:Monitoring 6499:Teetotalism 6492:Malt drinks 6282:Alcohol law 6054:Yard of ale 5999:Drunkorexia 5811:intolerance 5604:Rum-running 5480:Shell shock 5455:Hypnic jerk 5355:Gorlin sign 5323:Contracture 5290:Hemiparesis 5246:Tetraplegia 5060:Hypokinesia 4981:Dyssynergia 4891:Toe walking 4874:Pigeon gait 3711:: 2913297. 3067:: 213–219. 2274:26 December 2182:Drug Safety 2130:3 September 1813:Physiopedia 1154:contracture 1089:L-carnitine 1025:cerebellum. 689:head injury 469:brain tumor 344:hypermetria 230:dysrhythmia 213:tandem gait 6920:Categories 6882:Town drunk 6714:Disulfiram 6662:Small beer 6628:Campaigns 6462:Drunk tank 6435:Dry campus 6345:Dry county 6127:Rum ration 6107:Dipsomania 6036:Pantsdrunk 5829:Red wine: 5619:Alcoholism 5609:Wine fraud 5418:Knock-knee 5236:Hemiplegia 5231:Paraplegia 5222:Monoplegia 5218:Syndromes 5151:Hypertonia 5085:Echopraxia 5075:Stereotypy 4936:Lotus gait 4932:Deformity 4730:DiseasesDB 3511:(79): 79. 3456:Cerebellum 3411:(Review). 3359:(Review). 3310:(Review). 3308:Cerebellum 2973:(3): 367. 2922:: 922199. 2765:(1): 168. 2714:(1): 167. 2663:(1): 166. 2438:StatPearls 2301:(1): 159. 2002:8 February 1915:StatPearls 1818:19 October 1591:Cerebellum 1273:References 1220:Other uses 1176:wheelchair 1117:coenzyme Q 1097:vigabatrin 1081:amantadine 1069:disability 1067:to reduce 946:cerebellum 939:cerebellar 768:or FXTAS. 725:hereditary 697:autoimmune 609:deficiency 600:deficiency 586:gamma rays 508:cerebellum 419:Vestibular 340:hypometria 333:supination 322:dysarthria 234:titubation 217:Dysarthria 190:dysarthria 157:See also: 153:Cerebellar 134:cerebellum 60:Psychiatry 6817:Dry state 6724:Cyanamide 6558:Sobrietol 6357:Last call 6323:DWI court 6176:Beer mile 6147:Speakeasy 6117:Gin Craze 6049:Beer bong 6004:Dry drunk 5977:Pregaming 5825:Potomania 5807:Tolerance 5797:Pregnancy 5672:Chemistry 5594:Nip joint 5589:Moonshine 5490:Catatonia 5450:Shivering 5428:Back knee 5408:Flat feet 5382:Scoliosis 5345:Ankylosis 5333:Club foot 5241:Triplegia 5184:Paralysis 5170:Grimacing 5161:Catalepsy 5099:Posturing 5090:Echolalia 5080:Akathisia 5070:Hypotonia 5051:Myoclonus 5021:Athetosis 4993:Asterixis 4966:Dysmetria 4881:Foot drop 4860:Muscular 4647:Scivision 4428:Neurology 4369:207260777 4309:: 80–84. 4216:Neurology 4163:208538266 4003:Neurology 3437:207673823 3042:247058153 2029:(1): 20. 1949:Continuum 1861:2168-3808 1318:10 August 1124:vitamin E 1113:buspirone 1077:idebenone 1075:(5-HTP), 1043:Treatment 1007:Diagnosis 956:block of 843:autosomal 816:autosomal 803:outflow. 653:psychosis 621:psychosis 605:Vitamin B 596:Vitamin B 496:Exogenous 463:(such as 368:The term 329:pronation 257:extension 226:dysmetria 202:dysmetria 198:hypotonia 194:dysphagia 163:The term 56:Neurology 51:Specialty 6905:Category 6806:Gin Lane 6563:Quit lit 6487:Spritzer 6417:Sobriety 6272:Alcohol 6253:Whiskey 6081:Sconcing 6031:Nightcap 5957:Blackout 5787:Cortisol 5684:Congener 5387:Kyphosis 5282:Weakness 5227:Diplegia 5046:Myokymia 4613:20301317 4581:45201083 4573:17603404 4456:24069559 4448:16769946 4413:28633679 4405:16450347 4361:18647730 4323:28365204 4287:25458915 4279:19114434 4236:19864636 4198:17000340 4155:31789706 4112:25757427 4077:11008654 4069:19412936 4023:19864635 3988:23666089 3939:33423437 3888:32668612 3837:30221603 3788:25870548 3737:28386570 3686:21297628 3637:25566080 3586:23284664 3546:PLOS ONE 3527:38682229 3486:32328884 3429:25925933 3389:22313950 3338:25823827 3284:36555205 3233:Archived 3210:33354453 3130:25485164 3081:28435116 3034:35195341 2999:35326323 2948:36158963 2848:31712561 2791:26377319 2740:26377184 2689:26377085 2638:22881684 2630:18347805 2595:35053543 2587:15907739 2552:12333200 2544:20308997 2501:Archived 2446:32644742 2419:29983253 2411:15681626 2376:23536622 2327:27884168 2251:19253038 2210:27619795 2124:Archived 2106:34444449 2055:30151443 1979:27495205 1945:"Ataxia" 1928:16 April 1923:33085334 1896:34160115 1751:26331045 1662:35160189 1654:15645525 1619:23247877 1611:20157791 1540:10244619 1532:10805697 1497:19328973 1454:20887739 1446:25637456 1368:15377747 1251:See also 1170:or poor 1016:scan or 984:dystonia 948:and the 787:and the 699:ataxia, 645:dementia 617:reflexes 534:ketamine 512:thiamine 477:thalamus 437:vomiting 383:thalamus 255:, while 249:shoulder 182:asynergy 178:asthenia 67:Symptoms 6840:Related 6794:History 6579:0-0-1-3 6274:control 6161:General 6137:Shebeen 6090:History 5760:Anxiety 5722:Effects 5696:Ethanol 5545:Alcohol 5465:Vertigo 5136:Trismus 4724:D001259 4508:8301300 4244:2087750 4120:9560460 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20:)

Index

Loss of coordination
Ataxia (disambiguation)
Specialty
Neurology
Psychiatry
Symptoms
Greek
neurological sign
coordination of muscle movements
gait abnormality
eye movements
nervous system
cerebellum
Friedreich's ataxia
Cerebellar ataxia
cerebellar ataxia
motor planning
lesions
asthenia
asynergy
dyschronometria
dysarthria
dysphagia
hypotonia
dysmetria
dysdiadochokinesia
tandem gait
Dysarthria
ataxic respiration
dysmetria

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