293:
50:
1921:
986:
279:
1403:
2340:
2521:
353:
328:
1774:
307:
1692:- the western half went to West Francia and the eastern half to East Francia. Thus, Lotharingia, as a united kingdom, ceased to exist for some years. In 876, Charles the Bald invaded eastern Lotharingia with the intent to capture it, but was defeated near
1998:), the division was never reversed and the margraves soon raised their separate fiefs into duchies. In the twelfth century the ducal authority in Lower Lotharingia (or Lower Lorraine) fragmented, causing the formation of the
1907:
in 942. The weak Louis IV had no choice but to agree to Otto's continued suzerainty over
Lotharingia. In 944, West Francia invaded Lotharingia, but retreated after Otto I responded with mobilization of a large army under
1738:, who by 884 had succeeded to the thrones of all the kingdoms of the Empire. The Lotharingian aristocracy, in an attempt to assert its right to elect a sovereign, joined the other East Frankish nobles in deposing
1607:. Lothair, as the eldest, kept the imperial title and received a long strip of territories stretching from the North Sea to southern Italy. The logic of the division was that Lothair had the crown of the
2116:
579:
49:
1850:). In 925, Lotharingians under Gilbert elected Henry the Fowler to be their king. In 930, Gilbert's loyalty was rewarded and he received the prestigious hand of Henry's daughter
1490:
Lotharingia resulted from the tripartite division in 855 of the kingdom of Middle
Francia, which itself was formed after the threefold division of the Carolingian Empire by the
1895:
of West
Francia tried to maintain a claim to Lotharingia by marrying Gilbert's widow and Otto's sister Gerberga. In his turn, Otto I accepted homage from West Francia's
1834:
When the West Franks deposed
Charles in 922, he remained king in Lotharingia, from where he attempted to reconquer his kingdom in 923. He was captured and imprisoned by
2793:
2537:
448:
254:
2788:
2010:(derived from "Lotharingia"). With the disappearance of a "lower" Lorraine, the duchy of Upper Lorraine became the primary referent for "Lorraine" within the
1431:
1287:
559:
1888:
whose dukes had a vote in royal elections. While the other stem duchies had tribal or historic identities, Lotharingia's identity was solely political.
2542:
453:
493:
2803:
601:
1240:
2461:
818:
2798:
1250:
950:
2328:
1369:
1185:
892:
2506:
864:
2451:
1757:
Arnulf defeated the
Vikings in 891 and dislodged them from their settlements at Louvain. In 895, he appointed his illegitimate son
1424:
1379:
808:
2501:
1558:, indicating a country) in the 10th century. Later French terms such as "Lorraine" and "Lothier" are derived from the Latin term.
859:
1754:. Rudolph had intended to make himself king over the whole of Lothair II's former kingdom, but had to be content with Burgundia.
1670:
and did not venture outside his kingdom. When he died in 869, Lothair II left no legitimate children, but one illegitimate son -
1588:
in 823. When Louis tried in 833 to re-divide the empire for the benefit of
Charles, he met with opposition from his adult sons,
1389:
1341:
1631:) thus included all the land between Aachen and Rome, and it has sometimes been called by historians the "Lotharingian axis".
543:
2813:
1608:
1603:
Pepin died in 838, and Louis the Pious in 840. The remaining three brothers made peace and divided the Empire with the 843
1580:
among his three sons after his death. Unforeseen in 817 was a further heir besides Louis's three grown sons. A fourth son,
2552:
1963:
1857:
On Henry's death in 936, Gilbert rebelled and tried to swap
Lotharingian allegiance to the West Franks, since their king
1417:
1337:
1278:
968:
463:
2306:
1170:
617:
2170:
1973:
1245:
1174:
1984:
1374:
548:
2466:
2272:
2185:
1900:
1835:
1359:
823:
538:
2218:
943:
922:
519:
2381:
2017:
After centuries of French invasions and occupations, Lorraine was finally ceded to France at the close of the
1663:, went the remaining territories to the north of Provence, a kingdom which lacked ethnic or linguistic unity.
1494:
of 843. Conflict between East and West
Francia over Lotharingia was based on the fact that these were the old
733:
2321:
1797:
1353:
1147:
1000:
887:
2471:
2416:
2297:
2071:
2018:
1943:
1585:
1027:
828:
769:
17:
2783:
1995:
1988:
1255:
1233:
688:
683:
2496:
854:
2421:
2061:
1991:, counterattacked and reached the walls of Paris. In 980, Lothair renounced his rights to Lotharingia.
1952:
In 953, Duke Conrad rebelled against Otto I, and was removed from power and replaced by Otto's brother
1862:
1312:
1265:
977:
774:
149:
2808:
1824:
1812:
1789:
1762:
1742:
in 887 and elected Arnulf as their king. The rule of Arnulf in East
Francia was initially opposed by
1711:, Charles's son, on the throne of West Francia. After a brief war, Louis the Stammerer's young sons,
1693:
1688:(who wanted to rule the whole of Lotharingia) agreed to divide Lotharingia between them with the 870
1502:, so possession of them was a matter of great prestige as true claimant of Frankish imperial legacy.
1364:
1137:
936:
2631:
2520:
2426:
2314:
1909:
1881:
1873:
1166:
1153:
779:
1600:. A decade of civil war and fluctuating alliances followed, punctuated by brief periods of peace.
2386:
2376:
1014:
738:
728:
2456:
2391:
2162:
2154:
1877:
1093:
985:
813:
743:
2253:
MacLean, Simon. (2013). "Shadow
Kingdom: Lotharingia and the Frankish World, c. 850–c. 1050".
1761:
as the king of Lotharingia who ruled semi-independently until he was overthrown and killed by
2744:
1815:
voted to attach their duchy to West Francia, still ruled by the Carolingian dynasty. In 915,
1747:
1719:, ceded western Lotharingia to Louis. The border between the two kingdoms was established at
1347:
1143:
526:
418:
84:
2616:
1297:
2778:
2732:
2641:
2436:
1720:
1671:
1593:
1128:
1098:
786:
646:
634:
607:
585:
565:
481:
406:
2636:
8:
2560:
2481:
2336:
2026:
1866:
1804:
1731:
1716:
1708:
1652:
1220:
1205:
1108:
1103:
1045:
917:
835:
476:
2529:
441:
2694:
2401:
2361:
2211:
2045:. Today the greater part of the French side of the Franco-German border belongs to the
1920:
1892:
1861:
was weak and would interfere less in local affairs. In 939, Henry's son and successor,
1851:
1816:
1743:
1724:
1689:
1577:
1448:
1407:
1215:
912:
750:
709:
1792:
to be the duke of Lotharingia in 903. His title was recorded in contemporary Latin as
2738:
2713:
2621:
2547:
2206:
2166:
2066:
2049:
2011:
1980:
1957:
1937:
1904:
1858:
1704:
1697:
1648:
1210:
1161:
1157:
1088:
1083:
791:
513:
458:
413:
391:
336:
286:
272:
132:
1644:
207:
55:
2726:
2682:
2568:
2564:
2003:
1999:
1839:
1685:
1678:
1604:
1597:
1581:
1491:
1133:
1032:
1005:
471:
401:
2601:
2248:
2120:
2107:
2034:
2007:
1953:
1931:
1785:
1739:
1735:
1612:
1573:
1063:
300:
180:
99:
54:
The Kingdom of Lotharingia (purple) and other Carolingian kingdoms following the
2575:
2245:
State and Status: The Rise of the State and Aristocratic Power in Western Europe
1538:(which gives the modern Dutch, German, and Luxembourgish names for the province
488:
2700:
2664:
2284:
2264:
2136:
2091:
1967:
1896:
1751:
1567:
1480:
1384:
1121:
1073:
880:
381:
259:
119:
1550:, indicating ancestral or familial relationships, gave rise to the Latin term
2772:
2646:
2626:
2366:
2223:
2038:
1307:
1292:
1198:
723:
654:
555:
2611:
2580:
1640:
506:
2720:
2668:
2656:
2288:
1843:
1808:
1782:
1682:
1675:
1317:
1178:
845:
799:
760:
719:
396:
372:
365:
70:
1796:: "duke of the kingdom that many call Lothair's". He died in 910 fighting
2042:
1712:
1620:
1464:
1302:
1260:
1018:
573:
194:
89:
2021:(1737). In 1766, the duchy was inherited by the French crown and became
1765:
on August 13, 900. The kingdom then ceased to exist and became a duchy.
2406:
1885:
1758:
1750:, who was elected king in the southern half of former Middle Francia -
1707:
was invited by a faction of the West Frankish nobility to succeed king
1660:
1476:
1456:
764:
168:
109:
2756:
2688:
2046:
1589:
1499:
1484:
595:
428:
104:
94:
2486:
2238:
Monasteries and Patrons in the Gorze Reform: Lotharingia c. 850–1000
849:
2750:
2678:
2606:
2345:
2022:
1820:
1773:
1656:
1460:
1452:
1037:
580:
Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine
530:
423:
352:
344:
327:
142:
1972:(Lower Lotharingia, Lower Lorraine or Northern Lotharingia) under
2596:
1468:
1068:
1022:
114:
1546:
respectively). The latter term, formed with the Germanic suffix
2030:
1927:
1847:
1667:
1616:
1495:
1041:
1010:
631:
1956:, who finally pacified Lotharingia in 959 by dividing it into
1869:
defeated Gilbert who drowned trying to flee across the Rhine.
2672:
1734:
called a council of East Frankish nobility to depose emperor
1479:, who received this territory as his share of the Kingdom of
1472:
376:
2441:
1872:
The dukes of Lotharingia were thereafter royal appointees.
1624:
803:
640:
1846:
used this opportunity and invaded Lotharingia (including
1627:, the ancient capital of emperors. Middle Francia (Latin
676:
2293:
Lotharingia: A Personal History of Europe's Lost Country
1651:, went Italy, with the imperial title. To the youngest,
2269:
The New Cambridge Medieval History, III: c. 900–c. 1024
1643:, he divided his kingdom among his three sons with the
2029:, the northern portions of Lorraine were merged with
1915:
1777:
Europe in 900, showing Lotharingia and its neighbours
560:
Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine
2301:, vol. LXVI, no. 20 (19 December 2019), pp. 66–68.
1634:
2794:States and territories disestablished in the 940s
2770:
1876:was duke for two years, followed in 941 by duke
1768:
1619:, the capital of the first Carolingian emperor,
2271:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
1811:in 911, Lotharingian nobles under the new duke
1288:Economic history of the Netherlands (1500–1815)
27:9th- and 10th-century kingdom in Western Europe
2789:States and territories established in the 850s
2295:, Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2019, 504 pp.),
2322:
2287:, "A Mess of Tiny Principalities" (review of
1425:
944:
34:Kingdom of Lotharingia / Duchy of Lotharingia
2236:Bartholomew, John, and Wakelyn Nightingale.
2186:The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe
2041:, which became French territory again after
1994:Except for one brief period (1033–44, under
1962:(Upper Lorraine or Southern Lorraine) under
2462:Arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins
1518:("kingdom Lothair's") and its inhabitants
819:Arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins
2329:
2315:
2155:"The Continental Background of the Reform"
1819:rewarded him by granting him the title of
1561:
1432:
1418:
951:
937:
48:
1794:dux regni quod a multis Hlotharii dicitur
2804:10th-century disestablishments in Europe
2452:Arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle
2152:
2062:List of rulers of Lotharingia (Lorraine)
1919:
1772:
1615:, and that as emperor he should rule in
1447:was a medieval successor kingdom of the
809:Arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle
1884:. Lotharingia was turned into a junior
357:Flag of Lorraine since the 13th century
14:
2771:
2161:. Chichester, UK: Phillimore. p.
1985:invaded the region and captured Aachen
1611:, which had been his subkingdom under
1266:constituent country within the kingdom
602:Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine
2310:
1838:until his death in 929. In 923, king
2799:9th-century establishments in Europe
2230:
1639:In 855, when Lothair I was dying in
1823:. Reginar was succeeded by his son
1746:, who became king of Italy, and by
24:
2278:
2199:
2006:, whose rulers retained the title
1916:Partition of 959 and later history
1865:, invaded Lotharingia, and at the
1584:, was born to Louis's second wife
618:United Protestant Church of France
25:
2825:
414:German Empire Lorraine department
2519:
2338:
1401:
984:
351:
326:
305:
291:
277:
252:
2467:Arrondissement of Sarreguemines
2194:
1901:Herbert II, Count of Vermandois
1880:, who, in 944, was followed by
1635:Kingdom of Lotharingia, 855–900
1576:made plans for division of the
824:Arrondissement of Sarreguemines
419:Third Reich Lorraine department
2219:Annales xantenses qui dicuntur
2179:
2146:
2084:
923:Politics of the European Union
13:
1:
2502:Arrondissement of Neufchâteau
2077:
1948:Purple: Current state borders
1924:Lotharingia's division in 959
1769:Duchy of Lotharingia, 900–959
1001:Prehistory of the Netherlands
888:European Parliament elections
860:Arrondissement of Neufchâteau
2472:Arrondissement of Thionville
2417:Arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc
2298:The New York Review of Books
2019:War of the Polish Succession
829:Arrondissement of Thionville
770:Arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc
7:
2814:Former monarchies of Europe
2507:Arrondissement of Saint-Dié
2382:Arrondissement of Lunéville
2157:. In Parsons, David (ed.).
2055:
1989:Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
1451:. It comprised present-day
865:Arrondissement of Saint-Dié
734:Arrondissement of Lunéville
689:Concordat in Alsace-Moselle
684:Local law in Alsace-Moselle
10:
2830:
2422:Arrondissement of Commercy
2033:to become the province of
1863:Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
1565:
1471:, and Germany west of the
1370:Inventions and discoveries
1313:Whaling in the Netherlands
978:History of the Netherlands
775:Arrondissement of Commercy
2655:
2589:
2528:
2517:
2480:
2435:
2400:
2360:
2353:
1836:Heribert II of Vermandois
1831:: "duke of Lotharingia".
1510:Lotharingia was known as
231:
227:
217:
204:
200:
190:
186:
174:
162:
158:
148:
138:
128:
77:
63:
47:
42:
32:
2497:Arrondissement of Épinal
2427:Arrondissement of Verdun
1910:Herman I, Duke of Swabia
1874:Henry I, Duke of Bavaria
1540:Lotharingen, Lothringen,
855:Arrondissement of Épinal
780:Arrondissement of Verdun
704:Administrative divisions
2387:Arrondissement of Nancy
2377:Arrondissement of Briey
2153:Bullough, D.A. (1975).
2072:Duchy of Lower Lorraine
2067:Duchy of Upper Lorraine
1562:Middle Francia, 843–855
1554:(from the Latin suffix
1512:regnum quondam Lotharii
1505:
739:Arrondissement of Nancy
729:Arrondissement of Briey
2457:Arrondissement of Metz
2392:Arrondissement of Toul
2140:
2124:
2111:
2095:
1949:
1778:
1674:. His uncles, king of
1666:Lothair II ruled from
1655:, still a minor, went
1408:Netherlands portal
1241:Sovereign Principality
1094:Burgundian Netherlands
814:Arrondissement of Metz
744:Arrondissement of Toul
2745:CdZ-Gebiet Lothringen
2675:) (22 BC–5th-century)
2159:Tenth-Century Studies
2025:. In 1871, after the
1923:
1803:When non-Carolingian
1776:
1748:Rudolph I of Burgundy
1659:. To the middle son,
1647:. To the eldest son,
1475:. It was named after
1144:Dutch colonial empire
78:Common languages
2733:Lorraine and Barrois
2642:Rallye Alsace-Vosges
1969:Lotharingia inferior
1959:Lotharingia superior
1807:was elected king of
1672:Hugh, Duke of Alsace
1099:Habsburg Netherlands
544:Diocese of Saint-Dié
407:Lorraine and Barrois
2027:Franco-Prussian War
1867:Battle of Andernach
1827:who used the title
1805:Conrad I of Germany
1732:Arnulf of Carinthia
1709:Louis the Stammerer
1221:First French Empire
1206:Batavian Revolution
1109:Spanish Netherlands
1104:Seventeen Provinces
918:Politics of Germany
527:Immediately subject
477:Lorraine Franconian
2784:855 establishments
2695:Carolingian Empire
2362:Meurthe-et-Moselle
2100:Regnum Lothariense
1950:
1817:Charles the Simple
1798:Hungarian invaders
1781:The young king of
1779:
1744:Guy III of Spoleto
1725:Treaty of Ribemont
1690:Treaty of Meerssen
1578:Carolingian Empire
1483:which his father,
1449:Carolingian Empire
1298:Amsterdam Entrepôt
1216:Kingdom of Holland
913:Politics of France
710:Meurthe-et-Moselle
2766:
2765:
2739:Bezirk Lothringen
2714:Duchy of Lorraine
2685:(5th-century–511)
2622:SLUC Nancy Basket
2515:
2514:
2247:(1995) pp. 53–79
2231:Secondary sources
2224:The Latin Library
2212:The Latin Library
2207:Annales vedastini
2012:Holy Roman Empire
1944:Lower Lotharingia
1730:In November 887,
1705:Louis the Younger
1698:Louis the Younger
1586:Judith of Bavaria
1442:
1441:
1211:Batavian Republic
1129:Eighty Years' War
1089:Holy Roman Empire
1084:Lower Lotharingia
961:
960:
663:
651:
626:
612:
590:
570:
549:Diocese of Verdun
535:
514:Roman Catholicism
392:Duchy of Lorraine
321:
320:
317:
316:
313:
312:
287:Duchy of Lorraine
273:Lower Lotharingia
265:
264:
133:Roman Catholicism
67:Kingdom (855–923)
16:(Redirected from
2821:
2809:Former countries
2727:Three Bishoprics
2723:(circa 950-1766)
2683:Ripuarian Franks
2572:
2523:
2490:
2445:
2410:
2370:
2358:
2357:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2308:
2307:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2150:
2144:
2132:
2128:
2125:Reich des Lothar
2119:
2103:
2099:
2088:
2050:region of France
2004:Duchy of Brabant
2000:Duchy of Limburg
1983:of West Francia
1840:Henry the Fowler
1829:dux Lotharingiae
1696:by Louis's son,
1686:Charles the Bald
1679:Louis the German
1609:Kingdom of Italy
1605:Treaty of Verdun
1582:Charles the Bald
1572:In 817, Emperor
1492:Treaty of Verdun
1434:
1427:
1420:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1348:Colonial history
1338:Military history
1279:Economic history
1134:Dutch Golden Age
1069:Frankish Kingdom
1033:Migration Period
988:
963:
962:
953:
946:
939:
879:Lorraine in the
660:rest of Lorraine
657:
643:
623:rest of Lorraine
620:
604:
582:
562:
539:Diocese of Nancy
523:
402:Three Bishoprics
355:
330:
323:
322:
309:
308:
295:
294:
281:
280:
269:
268:
256:
255:
249:
248:
233:
232:
219:• Division
52:
30:
29:
21:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2651:
2617:US Raon-l'Étape
2602:FC Metz (women)
2585:
2558:
2524:
2511:
2484:
2476:
2439:
2431:
2404:
2396:
2364:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2285:Ascherson, Neal
2281:
2279:Further reading
2255:History Compass
2243:Clark, Samuel.
2233:
2202:
2200:Primary sources
2197:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2151:
2147:
2130:
2126:
2115:
2101:
2097:
2096:Regnum Lotharii
2089:
2085:
2080:
2058:
2035:Alsace-Lorraine
2008:Duke of Lothier
1954:Bruno the Great
1947:
1941:
1935:
1932:Duchy of Swabia
1925:
1918:
1786:Louis the Child
1771:
1740:Charles the Fat
1736:Charles the Fat
1637:
1613:Louis the Pious
1574:Louis the Pious
1570:
1564:
1516:regnum Lotharii
1508:
1477:King Lothair II
1438:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1356:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1281:
1271:
1270:
1236:
1226:
1225:
1201:
1191:
1190:
1124:
1114:
1113:
1064:Frisian Kingdom
1059:
1051:
1050:
1006:Germanic tribes
996:
972:
957:
928:
927:
908:
900:
899:
883:
872:
871:
705:
697:
696:
679:
669:
668:
522:
520:Diocese of Metz
509:
499:
498:
444:
434:
433:
424:Lorraine region
368:
358:
306:
301:Duchy of Swabia
292:
278:
253:
220:
210:
181:Bruno the Great
177:
176:• 953–965
165:
164:• 855–869
124:
100:Old High German
68:
59:
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2827:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2710:
2704:
2701:Middle Francia
2698:
2692:
2686:
2676:
2665:Gallia Belgica
2661:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2637:Gamyo d'Épinal
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
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2526:
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2518:
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2513:
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2499:
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2478:
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2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2433:
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2419:
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2398:
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2389:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2311:
2303:
2302:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2265:Timothy Reuter
2262:
2251:
2241:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2215:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2178:
2171:
2145:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2057:
2054:
1938:Upper Lorraine
1917:
1914:
1897:Hugh the Great
1770:
1767:
1752:Upper Burgundy
1723:in 880 by the
1645:Treaty of Prüm
1636:
1633:
1568:Middle Francia
1566:Main article:
1563:
1560:
1507:
1504:
1481:Middle Francia
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
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1327:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1251:Modern history
1248:
1246:United Kingdom
1243:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1164:
1141:
1131:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1074:Middle Francia
1071:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1008:
1003:
997:
994:
993:
990:
989:
981:
980:
974:
973:
966:
959:
958:
956:
955:
948:
941:
933:
930:
929:
926:
925:
920:
915:
909:
907:Related topics
906:
905:
902:
901:
898:
897:
896:
895:
884:
878:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
868:
867:
862:
857:
852:
833:
832:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
784:
783:
782:
777:
772:
767:
748:
747:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
695:
694:
693:
692:
680:
675:
674:
671:
670:
667:
666:
665:
664:
652:
629:
628:
627:
615:
614:
613:
593:
592:
591:
553:
552:
551:
546:
541:
536:
510:
505:
504:
501:
500:
497:
496:
491:
486:
485:
484:
479:
474:
466:
461:
456:
451:
445:
440:
439:
436:
435:
432:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
410:
409:
404:
399:
394:
384:
382:Gallia Belgica
379:
369:
364:
363:
360:
359:
356:
348:
347:
341:
340:
332:
331:
319:
318:
315:
314:
311:
310:
303:
297:
296:
289:
283:
282:
275:
266:
263:
262:
260:Middle Francia
257:
245:
244:
239:
229:
228:
225:
224:
221:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:Treaty of Prüm
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
192:
191:Historical era
188:
187:
184:
183:
178:
175:
172:
171:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:
152:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
123:
122:
120:Medieval Latin
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
85:Old Franconian
81:
79:
75:
74:
65:
61:
60:
56:Treaty of Prüm
53:
45:
44:
40:
39:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2826:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2647:Lorraine Open
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2627:Metz Handball
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2187:
2182:
2174:
2172:0-85033-179-X
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:German Empire
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1979:In 978, king
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1913:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1854:in marriage.
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1721:Saint-Quentin
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1629:Francia media
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1498:homelands of
1497:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1375:Flood control
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1308:Dutch disease
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1293:Dutch guilder
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:French period
1195:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
992:
991:
987:
983:
982:
979:
976:
975:
970:
965:
964:
954:
949:
947:
942:
940:
935:
934:
932:
931:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
904:
903:
894:
891:
890:
889:
886:
885:
882:
876:
875:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
847:
844:
843:
841:
837:
834:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
801:
798:
797:
795:
793:
788:
785:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
762:
759:
758:
756:
752:
749:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
721:
718:
717:
715:
711:
708:
707:
701:
700:
690:
687:
686:
685:
682:
681:
678:
673:
672:
661:
656:
653:
650:
648:
642:
639:
638:
636:
633:
630:
624:
619:
616:
611:
609:
603:
600:
599:
597:
594:
589:
587:
581:
578:
577:
575:
572:
571:
569:
567:
561:
557:
556:Protestantism
554:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
534:
532:
528:
521:
518:
517:
515:
512:
511:
508:
503:
502:
495:
494:Musée lorrain
492:
490:
487:
483:
482:Low Alemannic
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
469:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
443:
438:
437:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
389:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
374:
371:
370:
367:
362:
361:
354:
350:
349:
346:
343:
342:
338:
334:
333:
329:
325:
324:
304:
302:
299:
298:
290:
288:
285:
284:
276:
274:
271:
270:
267:
261:
258:
251:
250:
247:
246:
243:
240:
238:
235:
234:
230:
226:
222:
216:
212:
209:
203:
199:
196:
193:
189:
185:
182:
179:
173:
170:
167:
161:
157:
153:
151:
147:
144:
141:
137:
134:
131:
127:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
82:
80:
76:
72:
66:
62:
57:
51:
46:
41:
31:
19:
2721:Duchy of Bar
2712:
2706:
2669:Mediomatrici
2576:Demographics
2538:Coat of arms
2304:
2296:
2292:
2289:Simon Winder
2268:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2237:
2217:
2205:
2195:Bibliography
2181:
2158:
2148:
2129:Lotharingien
2086:
2016:
1993:
1978:
1968:
1958:
1951:
1890:
1871:
1856:
1844:East Francia
1833:
1828:
1809:East Francia
1802:
1793:
1783:East Francia
1780:
1756:
1729:
1702:
1683:West Francia
1676:East Francia
1665:
1638:
1628:
1602:
1571:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1532:Lothariensis
1531:
1528:Lotharienses
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1489:
1487:, had held.
1444:
1443:
1342:List of wars
1318:Polder model
1256:World War II
1186:List of wars
1078:
893:Constituency
839:
790:
754:
713:
659:
644:
635:consistories
622:
605:
583:
563:
524:
489:Demographics
449:Coat of arms
397:Duchy of Bar
386:
373:Mediomatrici
242:Succeeded by
241:
236:
150:King or Duke
71:East Francia
18:Lotharingian
2779:Lotharingia
2753:(1945–2016)
2747:(1940–1945)
2741:(1871–1918)
2735:(1766–1790)
2729:(1552-1790)
2707:Lotharingia
2632:ASPTT Nancy
2354:Departments
2141:Lotharingen
2133:Mittelreich
2112:Lotharingie
2104:Lotharingia
2043:World War I
1964:Frederick I
1930:, ceded to
1713:Carloman II
1621:Charlemagne
1552:Lotharingia
1465:Netherlands
1463:(Germany),
1445:Lotharingia
1303:Tulip mania
1261:Netherlands
1162:Cape Colony
1158:East Indies
1079:Lotharingia
1019:Cananefates
574:Lutheranism
387:Lotharingia
237:Preceded by
90:Old Frisian
37:Lotharingia
2773:Categories
2716:(959–1766)
2612:SAS Épinal
2561:Franconian
2557:Languages
2407:Bar-le-Duc
2261:: 443–457.
2078:References
1886:stem duchy
1788:appointed
1759:Zwentibold
1661:Lothair II
1641:Prüm Abbey
1544:Lothringen
1536:Lotharingi
1467:, most of
1457:Luxembourg
1455:(France),
1380:Healthcare
1365:Literature
792:Lothringen
765:Bar-le-Duc
468:Languages
169:Lothair II
139:Government
110:Old French
2757:Grand Est
2709:(855–959)
2703:(843–855)
2697:(751–843)
2691:(511–751)
2689:Austrasia
2117:‹See Tfd›
2047:Grand Est
1996:Gothelo I
1974:Godfrey I
1946:after 977
1940:after 928
1717:Louis III
1694:Andernach
1623:, and in
1524:Lotharius
1500:Austrasia
1485:Lothair I
1148:evolution
1028:Roman era
596:Calvinism
429:Grand Est
129:Religion
105:Old Saxon
95:Old Dutch
73:(925–959)
69:Duchy in
2751:Lorraine
2679:Alemanni
2607:AS Nancy
2581:Religion
2569:Alsatian
2346:Lorraine
2273:excerpts
2056:See also
2023:Lorraine
2002:and the
1936:Orange:
1893:Louis IV
1852:Gerberga
1821:margrave
1703:In 879,
1657:Provence
1649:Louis II
1520:Lotharii
1496:Frankish
1461:Saarland
1453:Lorraine
1390:Religion
1385:Heraldry
1354:Language
1234:Monarchy
1171:Americas
1138:painting
1122:Republic
1058:Medieval
1038:Frisians
969:a series
967:Part of
531:Holy See
507:Religion
345:Lorraine
337:a series
335:Part of
195:Medieval
143:Monarchy
2759:(2016–)
2657:History
2597:FC Metz
2565:Lorrain
2530:Culture
2437:Moselle
2249:excerpt
2037:in the
1981:Lothair
1942:Green:
1905:Attigny
1859:Rudolph
1825:Gilbert
1813:Reginar
1790:Gebhard
1763:Reginar
1653:Charles
1590:Lothair
1469:Belgium
1175:Guianas
1023:Chamavi
846:Capital
800:Capital
787:Moselle
761:Capital
720:Capital
647:Moselle
608:Moselle
586:Moselle
566:Moselle
529:to the
472:Lorrain
442:Culture
366:History
206:•
115:Yiddish
43:855–959
2671:&
2590:Sports
2553:People
2548:Symbol
2487:Épinal
2482:Vosges
2348:topics
2343:
2267:, ed.
2240:(2001)
2169:
2121:German
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