Lotus 1-2-3 - Knowledge

574: 760:, was delayed by more than a year as the totally new 1-2-3 had to be made portable across platforms and fully compatible with existing macro sets and file formats. The inability to fit the larger code size of compiled C into lower-powered machines forced the company to split its spreadsheet offerings, with 1-2-3 release 3 only for higher-end machines, and a new version 2.2, based on the 2.01 assembler code base, available for PCs without extended memory. By the time these versions were released in 1989, Microsoft had eroded much of Lotus's market share. 915: 823: 1146: 745: 4387: 131: 728:, a six-year battle that ended at the Supreme Court in 1996, the final ruling appeared to support narrowing the applicability of copyright law to software; this is because the lower court's decision that it was not a copyright violation to merely have a compatible command menu or language was upheld, but only via stalemate. In 1995, the First Circuit found that command menus are an uncopyrightable "method of operation" under section 102(b) of the 140: 477: 25: 4411: 1294:, praising it for being the first spreadsheet on Macintosh to include in-cell editing instead of using the formula bar found in competing products, as well as other interface refinements. The user interface provided Macintosh users the advanced charting capabilities of the PC version with a Macintosh user interface, while also offering a "classic" keyboard driven user interface familiar to the users of the DOS version, giving it a 655:

office setting. Starting with Release 3.0, Lotus no longer used copy protection. However, it was then necessary to "initialize" the System disk with one's name and company name so as to customize the copy of the program. Release 2.2 and higher had this requirement. This was an irreversible process unless one had made an exact copy of the original disk so as to be able to change names to transfer the program to someone else.

4399: 831: 714:" of a program were covered, Lotus sought to ban any program which had a compatible command and menu structure. Program commands had not been considered to be covered before, but the commands of 1-2-3 were embedded in the words of the menu displayed on the screen. 1-2-3 won its three-year long court battle against Paperback Software International and Mosaic Software Inc. in 1990. However, when it sued 2651:(LICS) — the same character set that Release 2.0 always uses you can command Release 2.01 to use the ASCII character set, just as Quattro does. load the install program, and select Advanced Options select TextDisplay choose Universal Text Display – ASCII-No LICS Now, when you load 1-2-3 using the modified driver set, the @CHAR function will produce upper-level ASCII characters 756:, which debuted on the Macintosh in 1985. It arrived on PCs with the release of Windows 2.x in 1987, but as Windows was not yet popular, it posed no serious threat to Lotus's stranglehold on spreadsheet sales. However, Lotus suffered technical setbacks in this period. Version 3 of Lotus 1-2-3, fully converted from its original macro assembler to the more portable 631:, the latter not supporting any graphics. However, because the two video boards used different RAM and port addresses, both could be installed in the same machine and so Lotus took advantage of this by supporting a "split" screen mode whereby the user could display the worksheet portion of 1-2-3 on the sharper monochrome video and the graphics on the 1157: – Introduced in 1989, "Lotus Spreadsheet for DeskMate", which was not officially called "1-2-3", supported 1-2-3 version 2.x files, and used windows, on-screen symbols, pull-down menus, dialog boxes and other graphical tools, similar to Microsoft Windows. However, it did not support add-ins, macros, or expanded memory. 601:

the floppy disc read: "Remove the protective cover and insert disc into computer." A few focus group participants tried to rip-off the stiff plastic envelope of disc carrier. Kapor's recognition that techno-speak instructions needed to be translated to normative English was a strong contributor to the product's popularity.

690:" PC clones' advertising did often prominently state that they were compatible with 1-2-3. An Apple II software company promised that its spreadsheet had "the power of 1-2-3". Because spreadsheets use large amounts of memory, 1‐2‐3 helped popularize greater RAM capacities in PCs, and especially the advent of 813:

On 11 June 2013, IBM announced it would withdraw the Lotus brand: IBM Lotus 1-2-3 Millennium Edition V9.x, IBM Lotus SmartSuite 9.x V9.8.0, and Organizer V6.1.0. IBM stated, "Customers will no longer be able to receive support for these offerings after 30 September 2014. No service extensions will be

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During the early 1990s, Windows grew in popularity, and along with it, Excel, which gradually displaced Lotus from its leading position. A planned total revamp of 1-2-3 for Windows fell apart, and all that the company could manage was a Windows adaptation of their existing spreadsheet with no changes

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The early versions of 1-2-3 also had a key disk copy protection. While the program was hard disk installable, the user had to insert the original floppy disk when starting 1-2-3 up. This protection scheme was easily cracked and a minor inconvenience for home users, but proved a serious nuisance in an

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Kapor was primarily a marketing guru. His ability to develop his product to appeal to non-technical users was one secret to its rapid success. Unlike many technologists, Kapor relied on focus group feedback to make his user instructions more user-friendly. One example: the instructions that came with

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as one of the earliest personal computers in business use. With IBM's entry into the market, VisiCalc was slow to respond, and when they did, they launched what was essentially a straight port of their existing system despite the greatly expanded hardware capabilities. Lotus's solution was marketed

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called it "modestly revolutionary" for elegantly combining spreadsheet, database, and graphing functions. It praised the application's speed and ease of use, stating that with the built-in help screens and tutorial, "1-2-3 is one of the few pieces of software that can literally be used by anybody.

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and immediately became a best-seller. Compared to earlier programs, VisiCalc allowed one to easily construct free-form calculation systems for practically any purpose, the limitations being primarily related to the memory and speed of the computer. The application was so compelling that there were

1397:. This is incorrect as while 1900 is a year that is divisible by four, years divisible by 100 are not counted as leap years unless divisible by 400. This bug persists today as its competitor, Microsoft Excel, still incorporates the bug to ensure compatibility with legacy Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheets. 3825:

The Lotus Development Corporation today introduced a long-promised version of its popular 1-2-3 computer spreadsheet program for I.B.M. mainframe computers. The program, 1-2-3-M, allows personal computer users to pull data from a mainframe computer file and transfer it directly into the 1-2-3

710:. These were able to not only read 1-2-3 files, but also execute many or most macro programs by incorporating the same command structure. Copyright law had first been understood to only cover the source code of a program. After the success of lawsuits which claimed that the very " 622:

Among other novelties that Lotus introduced was a graph maker that could display several forms of graphs (including pie charts, bar graphics, or line charts) but required the user to have a graphics card. At this early stage, the only video boards available for the PC were IBM's

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Release 4 was the last release for DOS. More an upgrade to Release 3.4 than in line with Release 3 for Windows, it contains an improved interface and new features, including Version Manager, a spell checker, context-sensitive help, and cell comments. Introduced in May

2559:, LICS. Any these extended characters must be erased or replaced with regular keyboard characters before the character can appear acceptable on an Release 2 screen. Release 2.01 offers an install option to use extended characters rather than LICS characters. 775:" market. It intended to expand the rudimentary all-in-one 1-2-3 into a fully-fledged spreadsheet, graph, database and word processor for DOS, but none of the integrated packages ever really succeeded. Lotus 1-2-3 migrated to the Windows platform, as part of 1135:

The Millennium Edition (version 9.8) contained new functions, improved Y2K support, Internet support, and better Excel compatibility. This is the last version of 1-2-3 for any platform, and has received maintenance releases through Fixpack 2. Introduced in

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wrote. Noting that computer purchasers did not want PC compatibility as much as compatibility with certain PC software, the magazine suggested "let's tell it like it is. Let's not say 'PC compatible,' or even 'MS-DOS compatible.' Instead, let's say '1-2-3

736:. When the case came before the Supreme Court, the justices would end up deadlocked 4–4. This meant that Borland had emerged victorious, but the extent to which copyright law would be applicable to computer software went unaddressed and undefined. 650:

Subsequent releases of Lotus 1-2-3 supported more video standards as time went on, including EGA, AT&T/Olivetti, and VGA. Significantly, support for the PCjr/Tandy modes was never added and users of those machines were limited to CGA graphics.

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which was a clone of the MDA that allowed bitmap mode. The ability to have high-resolution text and graphics capabilities (at the expense of color) proved extremely popular and Lotus 1-2-3 is credited with popularizing the Hercules graphics card.

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functionality, and graphical charts, hence the name "1-2-3", though how much database capability the product actually had was debatable, given the sparse memory left over after launching 1-2-3. It quickly overtook VisiCalc, as well as

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Data features included sorting data in any defined rectangle, by order of information in one or two columns in the rectangular area. Justifying text in a range into paragraphs allowed it to be used as a primitive word processor.

608:, it stayed very close to the model of VisiCalc, including the "A1" letter and number cell notation, and slash-menu structure. It was cleanly programmed, relatively bug-free, gained speed from being written completely in 856:

in version one and add-ins (introduced in version 2.0) contributed much to 1-2-3's popularity, allowing dozens of outside vendors to sell macro packages and add-ins ranging from dedicated financial worksheets like

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The name "1-2-3" stemmed from the product's integration of three main capabilities: along with its core spreadsheet functionality, 1-2-3 also offered integral charting/graphing and rudimentary database operations.

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Release 2.4 added icons and additional tools, and was the last release supporting 2D (only) spreadsheets. Introduced in 1992. The Japanese version Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.4J was released in September 1993.

4080: 2617:"Spreadsheet clinic: How to adjust SuperCalc's financial functions to analyze annuities due, create flashing screen messages in 1-2-3, and access upper-level ASCII characters in Quattro and 1-2-3" 2274: 1290:, had two releases: Release 1.0 debuted in 1991 and Release 1.1 was introduced the following year. Lotus 1-2-3 for Macintosh 1.0 received a 4 mice rating (out of 5) in the March 1992 issue of 3764:

Lotus 1-2-3M, the System/370 version of Lotus 1-2-3 Release 3, has been developed by Lotus Development Corporation to be exclusively marketed by IBM in the VM/CMS and MVS/TSO/E environments.

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Release 2.2 brought improved speed, automated macro tools, and presentation-quality graphics. Introduced in 1989. The Japanese version Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.2J was released in February 1990.

2433: 869:, 1-2-3 was sometimes used as a complete office suite. All major graphics standards were supported; initially CGA and Hercules, and later EGA, AT&T, and VGA. Early versions used the 404:. Lotus was surpassed by Microsoft in the early 1990s, and never recovered. IBM purchased Lotus in 1995, and continued to sell Lotus offerings, only officially ending sales in 2013. 4060: 1072:

or higher, was 16-bit, and was functionally equivalent to Release 3.x for DOS. Introduced in 1991. The Japanese version Lotus 1-2-3/Windows R1.0J was released on 1991-11-15.

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rights for Windows 95 until 15 minutes prior to the release of Windows 95 on 24 August 1995. Because of this uncertainty, IBM machines were sold without Windows 95, while

1632: 3725: 1086:, advanced graphics, context-sensitive menus and icons, and in-cell editing. Introduced in June 1993. A Japanese Lotus 1-2-3/Windows Release 4J was released 1993-07-16. 2534: 2500: 2137: 356:

spreadsheet and the standard throughout the 1980s and into the early 1990s, part of an unofficial set of three stand-alone office automation products that included

2555:. These characters allowed you to draw boxes and add special symbols on the screen. With Release 2, Lotus has assigned different meanings to these characters, the 3021: 1212:

windowing systems. It also featured real-time update support. Introduced in 1991. Release 1.2 supported "Classic" in xterm, "Classic" in X Window, OPEN LOOK, and

1093:, and was available as part of SmartSuite 3.1, 4, and 4.5. Introduced in mid-1994. The Japanese version Lotus 1-2-3/Windows Release 5J was released on 1994-09-22. 962:

The Japanese version Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.1J for NEC PC-98 computers was released in October 1987. A version Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.1J+ followed in February 1989.

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Releases 3.1 and 3.1+ added WYSIWYG capabilities, the ability to swap to disk allowing for larger files (up to 64 MB), and could be run as a DOS program under

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in 1983 called 1-2-3 "a powerful and impressive program ... as a spreadsheet, it's excellent", and attributed its very fast performance to being written in

597:, Inc. To aid its growth both in the UK and possibly elsewhere, Lotus 1-2-3 became the very first computer software to use television consumer advertising. 2816: 642:(in which case the graph maker was not available) or dual-monitor mode. However, a few months later support was added for Hercules Computer Technology's 1115:, and had a changed interface and support for LotusScript. Introduced in 1997. The Japanese-language version Lotus 1-2-3 97J was released on 1997-04-11. 846:

It had keyboard-driven pop-up menus as well as one-key commands, making it fast to operate. It was also user-friendly, introducing an early instance of

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The Japanese-language Lotus 1-2-3 98J was released on 1998-06-05, followed by Lotus 1-2-3 2000J on 1999-07-02, and by Lotus 1-2-3 2001J on 2001-07-27.

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for the IBM PC and compatibles, while hurting sales of computers that could not run it. "They're looking for 1-2-3. Boy, are they looking for 1-2-3!"

3319: 2282: 2700:"Kapitel 4. Kompatibilität mit anderen 1-2-3 Versionen - Zeichensätze" [Chapter 4. Compatility with other 1-2-3 Versions - Character Sets]. 1017:

Release 3.4 added icons, improved performance, and enhanced graph capabilities, making it functionally similar to Release 2.4. Introduced in 1992.

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when it launched in 1981, where it quickly became another best-seller, with an estimated 300,000 sales in the first six months on the market.

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There were well-known problems with VisiCalc, and several competitors appeared to address some of these issues. One early example was 1980's

1552: 873:"WKS". In version 2.0, the extension changed first to "WK1", then "WK2". This later became "WK3" for version 3.0 and "WK4" for version 4.0. 3479: 2227: 3839: 3430: 4012: 1690: 724: 3456: 764:

except using a graphical interface. Additionally, several versions of 1-2-3 had different features and slightly different interfaces.

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from 1981, which offered larger sheets and other improvements. In spite of these, and others, VisiCalc continued to outsell them all.

4772: 999:, supported having multiple files open simultaneously, and required an 80286-based PC or higher. It also introduced support for the 4453: 3979: 2014: 1089:

Release 5 added additional groupware capabilities, chart maps, and improved database access. This was the last 16-bit version for

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Lotus 1-2-3 inspired imitators, the first of which was Mosaic Software's "The Twin", written in the fall of 1985 largely in the

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spreadsheet... I.B.M. will be the sole marketer of the program, which is designed for use on I.B.M.'s System-370 computer line.

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math coprocessor using the mortgage payment schedule file resulting 33 seconds without math coprocessor and 10 seconds with it.

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in 1990, the market for desktop software grew even more. None of the major spreadsheet developers had seriously considered the

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SunOS / Solaris – At least three releases for SPARC-based systems were published. Release 1.1 supported both

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appeared in the early 1980s. 1-2-3 required two disk drives and at least 192K of memory, which made it incompatible with the

3151: 2724: 1891: 1833: 1804: 3564: 2041: 1862: 1775: 732:. The 1-2-3 menu structure (example, slash File Erase) was itself an advanced version of single letter menus introduced in 972:

editing to the 2.x line. Introduced in 1991. The Japanese version Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.3J was released in September 1991.

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interpreter, as well as string variable expressions. Later versions supported multiple worksheets and were written in

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processor, and more versions of UNIX running on Intel PCs. All these versions supported the X11 window system.

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Intel Corporation, "Intel Math CoProcessor Pocket Information Guide", CP1-334/0591/100K/DG LH, 1991, page 8

2795: 885: 794:, respectively. As a result, Microsoft "punished the IBM PC Company with higher prices, a late license for 494: 42: 3327: 959:

Release 2.01 in July 1986. Introduced an option to switch between LICS and the IBM extended character set.

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Lotus 1-2-3 was released on 26 January 1983, and immediately overtook Visicalc in sales. Unlike Microsoft

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operating systems. Lotus 1-2-3/M was jointly developed by IBM and Lotus, and exclusively sold by IBM.

659: 619:) and wrote directly to video memory rather than use the slow DOS and/or BIOS text output functions. 573: 2304: 4608: 4557: 4476: 3944: 988: 881: 853: 757: 703: 616: 385: 217: 3868: 2193: 658:

The reliance on the specific hardware of the IBM PC led to 1-2-3 being utilized as one of the two

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including 123, wks, wk1, wk2, wk3, wk4, some of these may open in the desktop applications of

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Twin Release 2 keeps the IBM extended character set of Version 1A, rather than Release 2.0's

1952: 1717: 1694: 1610: 1253: – A character cell terminal version of Lotus 1-2-3 was available on OpenVMS. 923: 729: 442: 434: 317: 249: 213: 4022: 4001: 3806: 3640: 2815: 2577: 2062: 1631: 674:; Lotus produced a version for the PCjr that was on two cartridges but otherwise identical. 4593: 4564: 4398: 4186: 3621: 3600: 2552: 1416: 1291: 798:, and the withholding of technical and marketing support." Microsoft did not grant IBM the 776: 577:

Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.3 for DOS User's Guide; the Functions and Macros Guide is next to it.

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Version 2 introduced macros with syntax and commands similar in complexity to an advanced

8: 4527: 2600:, which causes problems with commercial templates designed for Lotus 1-2-3, Release 1A. 1668: 772: 534: 82: 3985: 2551:

Release 1A's capability to use extended graphics characters to dress up a screen was an

2438: 4701: 4670: 4613: 4420: 4316: 2822: 1751: 1638: 1337: 914: 870: 678: 453: 426: 313: 1003:(LMBCS). Introduced in March 1989. The test was performed with 16 MHz system with the 952:(LICS). Introduced in September 1985. The Japanese version Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2J for 4660: 4635: 4164: 3748: 3705: 3682: 3650: 3411: 2952: 2655: 2459: 2449: 2111: 2101: 1988: 1504: 1478: 1382: 1349: 791: 667: 612: 321: 233: 1219:

Based on the Solaris version, other UNIX ports were developed at Lotus's offices in

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numerous stories of people buying Apple II machines to run the program (see article

4655: 4537: 4522: 4500: 4159: 4154: 3510:"Novell and Spire Technologies Announce WordPerfect 5.1+ for OpenVMS/Alpha Systems" 2892: 2846: 2771: 1341: 787: 369: 353: 320:, was hugely popular in the 1980s, and significantly contributed to the success of 284: 224: 4691: 4618: 4552: 4532: 4341: 4301: 4243: 4223: 4210: 4146: 3184: 3159: 2640: 1427: 1279: 1273: 1257: 996: 941: 822: 807: 753: 691: 397: 3572: 4650: 4572: 4462: 4311: 4279: 4266: 2578:"Firm to Debut Clone Version of Lotus 1-2-3 - Program Offers 2.0 Compatibility" 1287: 953: 862: 748:

A Lotus 1-2-3 box, as seen in an exhibit at the Computer History Museum in 2008

615:(this remained the case for all DOS versions until 3.0, when Lotus switched to 590: 430: 401: 365: 305: 241: 155: 4092:

CD images and floppy disk files for Lotus SmartSuite from the Internet Archive

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Release 1 was the first release for DOS-based PCs. Introduced in January 1983.

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as a three-in-one integrated solution: it handled spreadsheet calculations,

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3.2.0, but also expected to work on AT&T's plain System V and on ISC's

1090: 707: 3777:"LOTUS UNVEILS ITS VERSION OF POPULAR SPREADSHEET FOR IBM MAINFRAME USERS" 3747:. IBM Corporation. December 2001. p. 27. GC33-0866-04. Archived from 1145: 4356: 4296: 4261: 4233: 4130: 3873: 2948: 2621: 1524: 1455: 1377: 1345: 1205: 1083: 1069: 1011: 719: 582: 381: 361: 301: 277: 3897:"Method to determine whether a year is a leap year - Microsoft 365 Apps" 3728:. IBM Corporation. 27 February 1990. Announcement Letter Number 290-104. 3431:"This 40-year-old Microsoft Excel rival is making a surprising comeback" 2399: 2382: 2365: 2348: 2331: 744: 4645: 4274: 4256: 4251: 4200: 3274: 3228: 3211: 2974: 2754: 1987:(advertisement). Vol. 4, no. 12. December 1986. p. 171. 1406: 1240: 1108: 937:, unofficially supported the IBM extended character set (but not LICS). 889: 795: 593:, who had written two spreadsheet programs previously while working at 501: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 150: 3449:"New Lotus 1-2-3 Edition for SPARC systems supports real-time working" 1375:

You can buy 1-2-3 and and be running the two together the same day".

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HP MS-DOS palmtop PCs – A joint collaboration between

364:, to build a complete business platform. Lotus Software had their own 139: 4542: 4361: 4346: 4336: 4289: 4228: 3484:

UCSD Computer Science & Engineering Computing Facility Newsletter

3406: 3295: 3249: 3128: 3099: 3070: 2917: 2729: 2674: 2582: 2100:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 63–68. 2046: 1957: 1896: 1867: 1838: 1809: 1780: 1722: 1394: 1213: 1209: 1079: 638:

The initial release of 1-2-3 supported only three video setups: CGA,

605: 460: 457: 449: 393: 346: 342: 130: 476: 24: 4711: 4371: 4306: 4176: 4171: 2305:"Antitrust Division | U.S. V. Microsoft: Proposed Findings Of Fact" 1928: 1316: 1276:(1991–1994) had ports of Lotus 1-2-3 R2.2 and R2.4 embedded in ROM. 1269: 1265: 1172: 1154: 733: 671: 586: 421: 417: 377: 373: 337: 332: 328: 2654:(NB. By "Upper-level ASCII", the authors actually meant the 8-bit 2463: 2194:"Antitrust Division | U.S. V. Microsoft: Court's Findings Of Fact" 1655:, to provide easy transportability among PCs, Macs and mainframes. 1149:

Hewlett-Packard HP 95 LX pocket PC with Lotus 1-2-3 built into ROM

810:, and other companies sold machines with Windows 95 from day one. 782:

IBM's continued development and marketing of Lotus SmartSuite and

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Release 1. OS/2 text mode application introduced support for the

969: 830: 715: 253: 3022:"Multi-Language Character Sets - What They Are, How To Use Them" 2115: 4321: 4099: 2138:"Perspective: Lotus Development Corp. v. Borland International" 1834:"The Corona ATP Is Faster Than The IBM PC AT, But It Has Flaws" 1651:

Release 3.0 is being written in the computer language known as

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The version Lotus 1-2-3/Windows R1.1J was released on 1992-6-2.

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Release 2 brought add-in support, better memory management and

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Microsoft's early spreadsheet Multiplan eventually gave way to

3649:. Vol. 21, no. 18. IDG Enterprise. pp. 1, 100. 2758:(in Japanese). Vol. Morning. 14 October 1986. p. 20. 1633:"The Executive computer; Lotus 1-2-3 Faces Up to the Upstarts" 995:

Release 3 introduced the concept of 3D spreadsheets, utilized

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In July 1995, Lotus released Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.5J for DOS.

4706: 4577: 4284: 3924:"Excel incorrectly assumes that the year 1900 is a leap year" 2769:"ASCII EXPRESS: ロータスが1-2-3のバージョンアップ版とアドイン日本語ワープロ「4Word」を発表". 2644: 1584: 1311:

In 1987, Lotus announced a mainframe version of Lotus 1-2-3,

1244: 1224: 1182: 1168: 1041:(LMBCS) together with the Release 3.0 for DOS in summer 1989. 934: 877: 357: 265: 257: 3486:. Vol. 4, no. 6. CSE Uptime / UCSD. Archived from 3245:"Lotus significantly improves usability in 1-2-3, Release 4" 1518:

McMullen, Barbara E.; McMullen, John F. (21 February 1984).

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dBase, LLC Announces support for Paradox for DOS Ecosystem!

3844: 3378:(in Japanese). Lotus Development Japan. Ltd. Archived from 3352:(in Japanese). Lotus Development Japan. Ltd. Archived from 2695: 2693: 2278: 2223: 1370: 1160: 783: 261: 237: 4044: 3681:. Vol. 21, no. 18. IDG Enterprise. p. 100. 987:

These editions of 1-2-3 for DOS were primarily written in

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These editions of 1-2-3 for DOS were primarily written in

376:, but did not catch the interest of the business, nor the 4494: 4018: 3950: 3799: 2817:"THE EXECUTIVE COMPUTER; Sorting Out Lotus's New 1-2-3's" 2647:

character set. By default, 1-2-3, Release 2.01, uses the

1558: 1324: 1232: 945: 609: 429:). VisiCalc's runaway success on the Apple led to direct 389: 309: 245: 229: 3954: 3066:"Lotus 1-2-3, Release 3.1 Has Publishing-Quality Output" 2690: 3410:. Vol. 12, no. 25. 18 June 1990. p. 45. 2890:"ASCII EXPRESS : ロータスがOS/2対応のLotus 1-2-3 R3Jを開発". 2169:"Lotus v. Borland: Deadlock on the Electronic Frontier" 1068:

Release 1 was the first release for Windows, requiring

3320:"Windows 1.x, 2.x, 3.x - Lotus SmartSuite Release 3.1" 2725:"Lotus Perseveres to Unveil Japanese Version of 1-2-3" 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 786:

during the 1990s placed it in direct competition with

3015: 3013: 3011: 1900:. Vol. 7, no. 1 & 2. pp. 49, 53–54 1776:"A public Windows pane to make compatibility clearer" 892:) and the printing routines by Paul Funk (founder of 2708:] (in German) (1 ed.). Cambridge, MA, USA: 1688: 1498: 1496: 1167:/386 was released in 1990. It was certified for SCO 3299:. Vol. 16, no. 40. pp. 85–86, 88, 90 2790:"表計算ソフトの新しい世界 : 第2部徹底比較研究 : 代表的表計算ソフト". 2408: 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3702:Mainframe databasing with Lotus 1-2-3/M, Version 1 3008: 2437: 1078:Release 4 was an extensive improvement that added 694:, which allowed greater than 640k to be accessed. 3921: 2938: 2936: 1917: 1915: 1747:"Zenith Z-151; choice of U.S. Air Force and Navy" 1493: 884:. The charting/graphing routines were written in 814:offered. There will be no replacement programs." 581:The Lotus Development Corporation was founded by 4724: 3615:Benjamin, Louis E. Jr; Zilber, Jon (June 1992). 3402:"Lotus to Ship One 1-2-3 For Unix V/386 Systems" 2990:"Ｑ＆Ａ集 1-2-3 R2.5J MS-DOS対応版発売日・パッケージ内容を教えてください" 2610: 2608: 2528: 2526: 1883: 1709: 1517: 3179: 3177: 3074:. Vol. 12, no. 42. pp. 91–92, 96 2942: 2615:Cobb, Douglas; Cobb, Steven (31 October 1988). 2275:"Full text of Judge Jackson's findings of fact" 2250:"Full text of Judge Jackson's findings of fact" 2220:"Full text of Judge Jackson's findings of fact" 2098:Legal Battles that Shaped the Computer Industry 1825: 1805:"Springtime in Atlanta Beats Fall in Las Vegas" 1129:Icon of Lotus 1-2-3 version 9.8 4014:Lotus SmartSuite for Windows 9.8 and fix packs 3831: 3741:GDDM: General Information: Version 3 Release 2 3666: 3664: 3634: 3632: 3614: 3608: 3103:. Vol. 15, no. 7. pp. 57, 60–61 2933: 2661: 1912: 1796: 1738: 1582: 933:Release 1A in April 1983 Officially supported 706:, followed by VP-Planner, which was backed by 4447: 4115: 3860: 2722: 2670:"HP 100LX rolled out as successor to palmtop" 2605: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2523: 2434:"Chapter One: Excel 2007: Where It Came From" 1973: 1944: 1767: 3215:(in Japanese). 19 September 1991. p. 9. 3174: 2921:. Vol. 14, no. 22. pp. 73, 76 2844:"ASCII EXPRESS : ロータス、1-2-3をバージョンアップ". 2809: 2807: 2805: 2039: 1860: 1854: 1185: – In 2022, Lotus 1-2-3 for 918:Lotus 1-2-3 R2.2J Japanese version in action 3808:"COMPANY NEWS; Lotus 1-2-3 For I.B.M. Line" 3693: 3661: 3629: 2702:Lotus 1-2-3 Version 3.1 Upgrader's Handbuch 2281:. January 2007. Section 125. Archived from 2226:. January 2007. Section 116. Archived from 1861:Mace, Scott; Sorensen, Karen (5 May 1986). 1502: 826:Charting on Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.2 for DOS 392:offerings, and so they responded slowly to 4454: 4440: 4410: 4122: 4108: 3625:. Vol. 8, no. 6. pp. 32–40. 3604:. Vol. 8, no. 3. pp. 42–43. 3428: 3291:"Lotus navigates steady course with 1-2-3" 3189:Graphical User Interface Gallery Guidebook 3095:"Lotus updates, accelerates 1-2-3 for DOS" 3092: 3063: 2943:Kamenz, Alfred; Vonhoegen, Helmut (1992). 2910: 2575: 2564: 2431: 2021:. Vol. 5, no. 14. pp. 59–60 1842:. Vol. 8, no. 4. pp. 47, 50 1612:Micro Software TV Ads Play to Mixed Review 1586:Oral history interview with Jonathan Sachs 1286:spreadsheet, taking full advantage of the 1140: 1123: 982: 771:, was Lotus's entry into the anticipated " 138: 129: 3422: 3027:. Looseleaf Software, Inc. Archived from 2913:"Lotus Dresses Up 1-2-3 with Smart Icons" 2802: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2094:"Keyboard Commands and Menu Arrangements" 561:Learn how and when to remove this message 144:Lotus 1-2-3 Release 3.0 running on MS-DOS 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 3837: 3593: 3394: 3288: 3253:. Vol. 15, no. 21. p. 172 2978:(in Japanese). 4 August 1993. p. 6. 2614: 2398:"WK4 File Extension – Open .WK4 files", 2381:"WK3 File Extension – Open .WK3 files", 2364:"WK2 File Extension – Open .WK2 files", 2347:"WK1 File Extension – Open .WK1 files", 2330:"WKS File Extension – Open .WKS files", 1921: 1889: 1831: 1744: 1715: 1163: – A single version for 1144: 1107:was the first 32-bit version, requiring 1097: 1082:capabilities, improved integration with 913: 829: 821: 743: 572: 433:ports to other platforms, including the 372:, which was to some extent acclaimed in 4082:Getting Lotus 123 to work in Windows 10 3877:. Vol. 1, no. 10. p. 187 3866: 3848:. Vol. 7, no. 12. p. 182 3840:"Lotus Development Corporation's 1-2-3" 3699: 3278:(in Japanese). 16 June 1993. p. 6. 3272:"ロータス、ウィンドウズ3.1対応ソフト4製品を投入―「表計算」など対象". 3242: 3132:. Vol. 16, no. 20. p. 10 3019: 2678:. Vol. 15, no. 18. p. 27 2535:"ASCII graphic characters, range names" 2060: 2050:. Vol. 7, no. 33. p. 42. 1784:. Vol. 16, no. 5. p. 102 1282: – Lotus's first truly 4725: 4062:Getting Lotus 123 to work in Windows 7 3670: 3638: 3477: 2858: 2482: 2166: 2135: 2091: 1813:. Vol. 8, no. 19. p. 66 1802: 1726:. Vol. 7, no. 22. p. 72 1666: 1445: 1059: 629:Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter 4435: 4103: 3480:"Lotus 1-2-3 Upgraded To Version 1.2" 3121: 3093:Walkenbach, John (15 February 1993). 2945:Das große Buch zu Lotus 1-2-3 für DOS 2813: 2733:. Vol. 8, no. 36. p. 9 2576:Schemenaur, P. J. (27 October 1986). 2532: 2440:Excel 2007 Power Programming with VBA 2311:. 14 August 2015. p. section 208 2087: 2085: 1961:. Vol. 6, no. 9. p. 22 1950: 1890:Satchell, Stephen (14 January 1985). 1871:. Vol. 8, no. 18. p. 5 1832:Satchell, Stephen (27 January 1986). 1773: 1629: 1583:Campbell-Kelly, Martin (7 May 2004), 1476: 1336:Lotus 1-2-3 file formats use various 956:computers was released on 1986-09-05. 899: 456:, while a slightly later example was 3867:Derfler, Frank J. Jr. (March 1983). 3815:. Associated Press. 28 February 1990 3594:Benjamin, Louis E. Jr (March 1992). 3324:Daniel's Legacy Computer Collections 3064:Walkenbach, John (15 October 1990). 2752:"パソコンソフト世界最大の米ロ社上陸に揺れる、発売早々国内トップ。". 2629:from the original on 2 December 2016 2533:Attia, Zayn 'Utbah (11 March 2015). 2040:O'Connor, Rory J. (19 August 1985). 2012: 1716:Springer, P. Gregory (3 June 1985). 1315:; 1-2-3/M was designed for use with 909: 499:adding citations to reliable sources 470: 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 4006:(screenshots), Germany: Knubbel Mac 3704:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 3376:"Ｑ＆Ａ集 1-2-3 98 発売日・パッケージ内容を教えてください" 3350:"Ｑ＆Ａ集 1-2-3 97 発売日・パッケージ内容を教えてください" 2972:"ロータスが新版、「MS-DOS」対応ソフト―表計算のシート上で". 2712:. 1989. pp. 4-10–4-11. 302173. 2667: 2042:"Osborne's 1-2-3 Clone: VP Planner" 1551:"The History of Notes and Domino", 1448:"Whatever Happened To Lotus 1-2-3?" 1446:Darrow, Barbara (1 February 2002), 1393:Lotus 1-2-3 assumes that 1900 is a 1352:, these can then be saved into the 1231:hardware (series 300/400 and 700), 666:, for true 100% compatibility when 441:and many others. This included the 13: 4461: 3783:. 28 February 1990. Archived from 3565:"1-2-3 for Macintosh, Release 1.1" 3535:"1-2-3 for Macintosh, Release 1.0" 3289:Conatser, Kelly (3 October 1994). 2814:Lewis, Peter H. (13 August 1989). 2723:Edward Warner (8 September 1986). 2082: 1922:Trivette, Donald B. (April 1985). 1774:Alsop, Stewart (31 January 1994). 1623: 1561:, 14 November 2007, archived from 767:Lotus 1-2-3's intended successor, 589:. 1-2-3 was originally written by 14: 4789: 3964:"Review of Lotus 123 version 1.0" 3937: 3838:Williams, Gregg (December 1982). 2866:"Lotus 1-2-3 Version Information" 2649:Lotus International Character Set 2598:Lotus International Character Set 2557:Lotus International Character Set 2013:Barr, Christopher (August 1986). 1892:"AT&T 6300 Personal Computer" 1863:"Amiga, Atari Ready PC Emulators" 1745:Lockwood, Russ (September 1985). 1630:Lewis, Peter H. (13 March 1988). 1520:"Apple Charts the Course for IBM" 1479:"A Brief History of Spreadsheets" 950:Lotus International Character Set 948:, and introduced support for the 677:By early 1984 the software was a 4773:Spreadsheet software for Windows 4409: 4397: 4386: 4385: 4129: 3641:"Lotus celebrates with IBM pact" 3617:"New Dimensions in Spreadsheets" 3429:Fadilpašić, Sead (29 May 2022). 3317: 2911:Walkenbach, John (1 June 1992). 1951:Clapp, Doug (27 February 1984). 1718:"Tandy's Magnificent Concession" 1050:Release 2.1. Introduced in 1994. 1044:Release 1.1. Introduced in 1991. 817: 585:, a friend of the developers of 475: 349:, the two VisiCalc competitors. 23: 3915: 3889: 3769: 3732: 3718: 3587: 3557: 3527: 3502: 3471: 3441: 3368: 3342: 3311: 3282: 3265: 3236: 3219: 3202: 3152:"1-2-3/G for OS/2, Release 1.1" 3144: 3115: 3086: 3057: 3046: 2982: 2965: 2904: 2883: 2837: 2783: 2762: 2745: 2716: 2537:. Computer Tips. Archived from 2391: 2374: 2357: 2340: 2323: 2297: 2267: 2242: 2212: 2186: 2167:Spence, Kristin (1 June 1996). 2160: 2136:Gesmer, Lee T. (1 April 1995). 2129: 2064:"Lotus Wins Copyright Decision" 2054: 2033: 2015:"The Twin: Slow Lotus for Less" 2006: 1803:Dvorak, John C. (12 May 1986). 1682: 1477:Power, D. J. (30 August 2004). 1331: 486:needs additional citations for 34:needs additional citations for 4040:Lotus SmartSuite Support Group 3671:Barney, Douglas (4 May 1987). 3639:Barney, Douglas (4 May 1987). 3243:Strehlo, Kevin (24 May 1993). 2061:Markoff, John (29 June 1990). 1660: 1619:, 26 November 1984, p. 24 1598: 1576: 1544: 1511: 1470: 1439: 1356:format or other file formats. 1047:Release 2. Introduced in 1992. 1039:Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set 1001:Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set 834:Examples of Lotus 1-2-3 macros 452:, which solved the problem of 1: 4003:Lotus 1-2-3 V.1.00 for Mac OS 3455:. 1 July 1991. Archived from 3226:"ロータス、「1-2-3」最新版―書体設定など多様に". 3209:"ロータス、「1-2-3」発表、日本語版W3.0対応". 3124:"Lotus Readies 1-2-3 Upgrade" 2992:(in Japanese). Archived from 2710:Lotus Development Corporation 1433: 1319:terminals and ran under both 1014:and OS/2. Introduced in 1990. 466: 3869:"A Program You Can Count On" 2796:Nikkei Business Publications 2142:Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly 2092:Graham, Lawrence D. (1999). 1359: 420:was launched in 1979 on the 7: 3596:"Lotus 1-2-3 for Macintosh" 3478:Paloma, Cindy (June 1993). 1503:Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. 1412:Comparison of office suites 1400: 412: 192:; 22 years ago 10: 4794: 4763:Assembly language software 3984:, Schnarff, archived from 3122:Singh, Jai (16 May 1994). 2947:(in German) (1 ed.). 2668:Lee, Yvonne (3 May 1993). 2586:. Vol. 8, no. 43 2446:John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 1924:"Lotus 1-2-3 For IBM PCjr" 1689:Perconal Computer Museum. 1054: 1020:Lotus 1-2-3 for Home, 1992 739: 664:Microsoft Flight Simulator 407: 396:'s own GUI-based products 388:(GUI) to supplement their 4679: 4666:Lotus Symphony (original) 4586: 4510: 4469: 4380: 4242: 4209: 4185: 4137: 3981:File Format Documentation 3232:. 2 June 1992. p. 6. 2870:EMS Professional Software 2432:Walkenbach, John (2007). 1691:"Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2.4" 1593:, University of Minnesota 1591:Charles Babbage Institute 697: 662:applications, along with 644:Hercules Graphics Adapter 380:. With the acceptance of 283: 271: 223: 209: 205: 183: 179: 161: 149: 137: 128: 3700:Chetlen, Martin (1992). 3673:"Debate over host 1-2-3" 3453:Computer Business Review 888:by Jeremy Sagan (son of 865:. In the single-tasking 850:accessed by the F1 key. 386:graphical user interface 331:, had helped launch the 324:in the business market. 4753:Lotus Software software 3922:Microsoft Corporation. 1422:Reverse Polish Notation 1388: 1368:on the IBM PC in 1982, 1308:mice rating (out of 5). 1141:Other operating systems 1028: 983:Protected Mode (80286+) 595:Concentric Data Systems 327:The first spreadsheet, 2505:University of Maryland 1505:"Goodbye, Lotus 1-2-3" 1150: 919: 904: 848:context-sensitive help 835: 827: 749: 704:C programming language 625:Color Graphics Adapter 578: 167:; 41 years ago 4738:Discontinued software 4587:Discontinued products 3928:Microsoft Corporation 3275:Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun 3229:Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun 3212:Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun 3020:Balaban, Bob (2001). 2975:Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun 1223:. The included 1-2-3 1148: 1098:Win32 (Windows 9x/NT) 946:x87 math coprocessors 924:x86 assembly language 917: 833: 825: 747: 576: 435:Atari 8-bit computers 214:x86 assembly language 4768:Spreadsheet software 4748:IBM Lotus SmartSuite 4578:Lotus Sametime Unyte 4558:Lotus Notes Traveler 4187:Proprietary freeware 4139:Free and open-source 3514:Novell press release 2798:: 198. 24 July 1989. 2755:Nihon Keizai Shimbun 2553:undocumented feature 2511:on 27 September 2017 1417:Compose key sequence 968:Release 2.3 brought 495:improve this article 352:Lotus 1-2-3 was the 312:). It was the first 165:26 January 1983 43:improve this article 16:Spreadsheet software 3901:learn.microsoft.com 3787:on 11 February 2017 3545:on 17 December 2014 3382:on 17 November 1999 3034:on 25 November 2016 2706:Upgrader's handbook 2541:on 30 November 2016 2470:on 30 November 2016 1338:filename extensions 1060:Win16 (Windows 3.x) 944:support, supported 773:integrated software 454:circular references 125: 4609:Freelance Graphics 4421:Online spreadsheet 4317:IBM Lotus Symphony 4025:on 16 October 2012 3813:The New York Times 3459:on 31 January 2021 3356:on 10 October 1999 3330:on 27 January 2015 3162:on 8 November 2014 2823:The New York Times 2285:on 8 December 2019 2148:on 6 November 2020 2069:The New York Times 1981:"VIP Professional" 1953:"PC compatibility" 1752:Creative Computing 1639:The New York Times 1565:on 20 January 2021 1151: 920: 900:PC version history 871:filename extension 836: 828: 750: 579: 427:Killer application 322:IBM PC-compatibles 314:killer application 300:is a discontinued 123: 4720: 4719: 4702:Approach Software 4661:Lotus Marketplace 4636:Lotus Foundations 4518:Lotus Connections 4429: 4428: 3754:on 29 August 2021 3711:978-0-442-01017-1 3619:. Buyer's Guide. 3575:on 28 August 2008 2996:on 1 October 1999 2656:OEM character set 2455:978-0-470-04401-8 1458:on 9 January 2009 1424:(RPN in formulas) 1383:assembly language 1364:After previewing 1350:Apache OpenOffice 1193:to GNU/Linux by 910:Real Mode (8088+) 792:Microsoft Windows 613:assembly language 571: 570: 563: 545: 295: 294: 119: 118: 111: 93: 4785: 4656:Lotus Manuscript 4594:Lotus SmartSuite 4511:Current products 4501:HCL Technologies 4456: 4449: 4442: 4433: 4432: 4413: 4412: 4401: 4389: 4388: 4155:Collabora Online 4124: 4117: 4110: 4101: 4100: 4095: 4085: 4075: 4065: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4047:on 11 April 2021 4043:, archived from 4033: 4032: 4030: 4021:, archived from 4007: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3973: 3958: 3953:, archived from 3932: 3931: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3822: 3820: 3810: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3759: 3753: 3746: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3668: 3659: 3658: 3636: 3627: 3626: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3571:. Archived from 3561: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3541:. Archived from 3531: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3490:on 29 April 2021 3475: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3326:. Archived from 3315: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3185:"Splashes 1-2-3" 3181: 3172: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3158:. Archived from 3148: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3061: 3055: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3033: 3026: 3017: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2986: 2980: 2979: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2940: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2819: 2811: 2800: 2799: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2697: 2688: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2636: 2634: 2612: 2603: 2602: 2593: 2591: 2573: 2562: 2561: 2548: 2546: 2530: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2507:. Archived from 2497: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2466:. Archived from 2443: 2429: 2406: 2404: 2395: 2389: 2387: 2378: 2372: 2370: 2361: 2355: 2353: 2344: 2338: 2336: 2327: 2321: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2301: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2216: 2210: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2200:. 14 August 2015 2190: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2164: 2158: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2144:. Archived from 2133: 2127: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2089: 2080: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2066: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2037: 2031: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2010: 2004: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1977: 1971: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1948: 1942: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1919: 1910: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1858: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1771: 1765: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1742: 1736: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1713: 1707: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1693:. Archived from 1686: 1680: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1648: 1646: 1635: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1602: 1596: 1594: 1580: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1548: 1542: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1515: 1509: 1508: 1500: 1491: 1490: 1483:DSSResources.com 1474: 1468: 1466: 1465: 1463: 1454:, archived from 1443: 1342:Collabora Online 1307: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1127: 861:to full-fledged 788:Microsoft Office 777:Lotus SmartSuite 725:Lotus v. Borland 689: 566: 559: 555: 552: 546: 544: 503: 479: 471: 370:Lotus Manuscript 354:state-of-the-art 225:Operating system 200: 198: 193: 175: 173: 168: 142: 133: 126: 122: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 4793: 4792: 4788: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4723: 4722: 4721: 4716: 4692:Iris Associates 4675: 4582: 4528:Lotus Expeditor 4506: 4465: 4460: 4430: 4425: 4376: 4342:Microsoft Works 4302:Gobe Productive 4238: 4224:Microsoft Excel 4205: 4201:WPS Spreadsheet 4181: 4147:Calligra Sheets 4133: 4128: 4089: 4079: 4069: 4059: 4050: 4048: 4037: 4028: 4026: 4011: 4000: 3991: 3989: 3988:on 3 March 2010 3978:"Lotus 1-2-3", 3977: 3972:, December 1982 3962: 3957:on 1 April 2002 3943: 3940: 3935: 3920: 3916: 3906: 3904: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3880: 3878: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3849: 3836: 3832: 3818: 3816: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3790: 3788: 3781:DeseretNews.com 3775: 3774: 3770: 3757: 3755: 3751: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3733: 3726:"LOTUS 1-2-3/M" 3724: 3723: 3719: 3712: 3698: 3694: 3669: 3662: 3637: 3630: 3613: 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1428:Microsoft Works 1403: 1391: 1362: 1334: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1280:Apple Macintosh 1274:HP OmniGo 700LX 1260:and Lotus, the 1258:Hewlett-Packard 1227:running on the 1143: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1100: 1062: 1057: 1031: 997:extended memory 985: 942:expanded memory 912: 907: 902: 863:word processors 820: 742: 722:spreadsheet in 700: 692:expanded memory 687: 567: 556: 550: 547: 504: 502: 492: 480: 469: 415: 410: 378:consumer market 308:(later part of 201: 196: 194: 191: 190:9.8.2 / 2002 171: 169: 166: 162:Initial release 145: 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4791: 4781: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4673: 4671:Lotus Symphony 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4651:Lotus Magellan 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4622: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4590: 4588: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4580: 4575: 4573:Lotus Sametime 4570: 4569: 4568: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 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ZDNet ZDNet. 1492: 1469: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1425: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1402: 1399: 1390: 1387: 1361: 1358: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1309: 1277: 1254: 1248: 1239:workstations, 1217: 1198: 1180: 1158: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1128: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1113:Windows NT 4.0 1099: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1087: 1076: 1073: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1008: 984: 981: 980: 979: 976: 973: 966: 963: 960: 957: 938: 931: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 819: 816: 769:Lotus Symphony 741: 738: 699: 696: 591:Jonathan Sachs 583:Mitchell Kapor 569: 568: 483: 481: 474: 468: 465: 431:bug compatible 414: 411: 409: 406: 366:word processor 306:Lotus Software 293: 292: 287: 281: 280: 275: 269: 268: 242:classic Mac OS 227: 221: 220: 211: 207: 206: 203: 202: 189: 187: 181: 180: 177: 176: 163: 159: 158: 156:Lotus Software 153: 147: 146: 143: 135: 134: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4790: 4779: 4778:Unix software 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4758:OS/2 software 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4733:1983 software 4731: 4730: 4728: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4687:Software Arts 4685: 4684: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4631:Lotus cc:Mail 4629: 4627: 4624: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4595: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4585: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4560: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4548:Lotus Mashups 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4509: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4481:Massachusetts 4478: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4468: 4464: 4457: 4452: 4450: 4445: 4443: 4438: 4437: 4434: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4416: 4407: 4405: 4404: 4400: 4395: 4393: 4392: 4383: 4382: 4379: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 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3707: 3703: 3696: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3679: 3678:Computerworld 3674: 3667: 3665: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3647: 3646:Computerworld 3642: 3635: 3633: 3624: 3623: 3618: 3611: 3603: 3602: 3597: 3590: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3530: 3515: 3511: 3505: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3474: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3444: 3436: 3432: 3425: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3397: 3381: 3377: 3371: 3355: 3351: 3345: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3314: 3298: 3297: 3292: 3285: 3277: 3276: 3268: 3252: 3251: 3246: 3239: 3231: 3230: 3222: 3214: 3213: 3205: 3190: 3186: 3180: 3178: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3131: 3130: 3125: 3118: 3102: 3101: 3096: 3089: 3073: 3072: 3067: 3060: 3054: 3049: 3030: 3023: 3016: 3014: 3012: 2995: 2991: 2985: 2977: 2976: 2968: 2960: 2958:3-89011-375-3 2954: 2950: 2946: 2939: 2937: 2920: 2919: 2914: 2907: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2886: 2871: 2867: 2861: 2853: 2849: 2848: 2840: 2825: 2824: 2818: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2765: 2757: 2756: 2748: 2732: 2731: 2726: 2719: 2711: 2707: 2703: 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1712: 1696: 1692: 1685: 1670: 1669:"Lotus 1-2-3" 1663: 1656: 1654: 1641: 1640: 1634: 1626: 1618: 1617:Computerworld 1614: 1613: 1608: 1607:Computerworld 1601: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1579: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1547: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1514: 1506: 1499: 1497: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1473: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1442: 1438: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1398: 1396: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1379: 1373: 1372: 1367: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1313:Lotus 1-2-3/M 1310: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1196: 1195:Tavis Ormandy 1192: 1188: 1187:Unix System V 1184: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1165:Unix System V 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1147: 1134: 1133: 1126: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1101: 1092: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1066:Lotus 1-2-3/W 1064: 1063: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1036: 1035:Lotus 1-2-3/G 1033: 1032: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 993: 992: 990: 977: 974: 971: 967: 964: 961: 958: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 936: 932: 929: 928: 927: 925: 916: 897: 895: 894:Funk Software 891: 887: 883: 879: 874: 872: 868: 864: 860: 855: 851: 849: 844: 840: 832: 824: 818:User features 815: 811: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 780: 778: 774: 770: 765: 761: 759: 755: 746: 737: 735: 731: 730:Copyright Act 727: 726: 721: 717: 713: 712:look and feel 709: 705: 695: 693: 684: 680: 675: 673: 669: 665: 661: 656: 652: 648: 645: 641: 636: 634: 630: 626: 620: 618: 614: 611: 607: 602: 598: 596: 592: 588: 584: 575: 565: 562: 554: 543: 540: 536: 533: 529: 526: 522: 519: 515: 512: – 511: 510:"Lotus 1-2-3" 507: 506:Find sources: 500: 496: 490: 489: 484:This section 482: 478: 473: 472: 464: 462: 459: 455: 451: 446: 444: 440: 439:Commodore PET 436: 432: 428: 423: 419: 405: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 350: 348: 344: 339: 334: 330: 325: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 304:program from 303: 299: 291: 288: 286: 282: 279: 276: 274: 270: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 228: 226: 222: 219: 215: 212: 208: 204: 188: 186: 185:Final release 182: 178: 164: 160: 157: 154: 152: 148: 141: 136: 132: 127: 121: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: – 59: 58:"Lotus 1-2-3" 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 4743:DOS software 4680:Acquisitions 4641:Lotus Improv 4626:Lotus Agenda 4598: 4562: 4538:Lotus iNotes 4523:Lotus Domino 4497:(until 2019) 4473:Headquarters 4408: 4396: 4384: 4332:Lotus Improv 4326: 4244:Discontinued 4131:Spreadsheets 4091: 4081: 4071: 4061: 4049:, retrieved 4045:the original 4039: 4029:16 September 4027:, retrieved 4023:the original 4017:(fix list), 4013: 4002: 3990:, retrieved 3986:the original 3980: 3967: 3955:the original 3945: 3927: 3917: 3905:. 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