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33:
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660:, Breteuil received instructions from Louis XVI, designed to restore amicable relations with the princes. His distrust of the king's brothers and his defence of Louis XVI's prerogative were to some extent justified, but his intransigent attitude towards these princes emphasized the dissensions of the royal family in the eyes of foreign sovereigns, who looked on the comte de Provence as the natural representative of his brother and found a pretext for non-interference on Louis's behalf in the contradictory statements of the negotiators.
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610:) then appointed Calonne to his council. Marie Antoinette despised Calonne, and his appointment was the end of her friendship with her brother-in-law. She was convinced that he could no longer be trusted to preserve the monarchy's best interests. It was Marie Antoinette's decision, therefore, that Breteuil be appointed
552:. Though Breteuil was disgusted with French politics at the time, he remained absolutely loyal to the Monarchy, despite his liberal views on social culture. He complained that "anybody who dares to stand up for the old ways is despised" and claimed that "we are rushing like madmen to our destruction".
571:
and with the support of Marie-Antoinette. However, unable to restrain his hatred for Necker, the comte d'Artois rushed ahead with the plan too early. Necker was dismissed weeks before
Breteuil believed he should be. Breteuil was appointed Chief minister on 12 July 1789. Partly as a result of Necker's
513:
earned him her gratitude and trust at this difficult time. Unfortunately, Breteuil underestimated the strength of public sympathy for those responsible, and his direct attack on Rohan left the Queen open to public humiliation. He presently came into collision with
663:
His attempts were ultimately in vain. The
Bourbon monarchy in France was overthrown in 1792, followed by massacres of many Royalists in Paris. In January 1793, Louis XVI was executed. In October, Marie Antoinette met a similar fate. In 1795, their son,
525:, and they also burned effigies representing Breteuil, as well as Calonne and the Duchess de Polignac. They then proposed burning Marie Antoinette in effigy, but the troops were deployed and they dispersed the crowds with great bloodshed in the
676:
Breteuil himself was the object of violent attacks from the party of the princes, who asserted that he persisted in exercising powers which had been revoked by Louis XVI. After the execution of Marie
Antoinette he retired into private life near
605:
The French royal family were placed under house arrest in
October. The hatred and violence surrounding them gave the Queen reason to fear for her family's life. To Marie Antoinete's horror and disgust, Artois (living in
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614:. Louis XVI supported her in this move, but it was Marie Antoinette who took the initiative and formalised Breteuil's appointment. In effect, he was now the Royal Family's chief diplomat abroad. At
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640:, Breteuil organised the royal family's escape from Paris in 1791, garnering support from King Gustav III of Sweden. The attempt almost succeeded, but was foiled at the last minute by
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1521:
526:
536:. He then asked to be allowed to say farewell to the queen. Marie-Antoinette did not resent him for his handling of the affair, and even promised to help him in future if she could.
521:
On 14 September 1788, anti-monarchy protests renewed, and in
October 1788, protestors demanded money for fireworks, they demanded that anyone in a carriage dismount and salute to
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618:, in November 1790, he received from Louis XVI exclusive powers to negotiate with the European courts, and in his efforts to check the ill-advised diplomacy of the
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from the post. Necker was popular, but royalists saw him as a dangerous publicity-seeker and a radical. A carefully orchestrated plan was drawn-up by
Breteuil, the
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During the riots of 1783, when the nobility protested against arbitrary imprisonments, the minister Bréteuil decided to abolish incarceration at the
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had ended with the death of the little boy-king in 1795. He was hated by Louis XVI's two surviving brothers, particularly by the comte d'Artois.
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Breteuil's secret correspondence with Louis XVI and Marie
Antoinette was discovered in an Austrian castle by historian
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princes, he soon brought himself into opposition with his old rival
Calonne, who held a chief place in their councils.
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In such dangerous times, many prominent
Royalists were forced to flee France. The duchesse de Polignac escaped to
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1983:
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727:). To date, it is the most comprehensive book on Breteuil's career and his fight to save the French Monarchy.
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405:, where he arranged to be temporarily absent from his post at the time of the palace revolution by which
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The Baron de
Breteuil : A First Minister in Emigration, The French Émigrés in Europe, 1789-1814
443:, but Catherine the Great of Russia disliked him. Others saw Breteuil as a loud and impulsive fool,
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347:
50:
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652:. It was also Breteuil who negotiated with the monarchies of Europe to persuade them to fight the
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members of the queen's circle in 1789. He agreed to become Chief minister once they had ousted
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478:. In this capacity he introduced considerable reforms in prison administration. He was a
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The Fall of the French Monarchy: Louis XVI, Marie-Antoinette and the baron de Breteuil
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401:, where he proved to have valuable diplomatic skills. Two years later in 1760 he
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On 24 July 1788, Breteuil resigned, exhausted by the struggle for power in the
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1989:
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494:, and not view them as enemies. In 1784 he was named to a position in the
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Louis Charles Auguste Le Tonnelier, Baron de Breteuil, Baron de Preuilly
5934:
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3219:
845:
Munro Price, "The ministry of the hundred hours : a reappraisal",
665:
649:
487:
479:
440:
5641:
545:
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5325:
4908:
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636:
In coordination with Marie Antoinette's favourite, the Swedish count
615:
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Breteuil's time as Household Minister corresponded with the infamous
464:
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410:
403:
was sent to St Petersburg as the French ambassador to Imperial Russia
358:
71:
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253:
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laws. He believed passionately that the monarchy should encourage
832:
discusses his advanced social and humanitarian views and efforts.
678:
544:
As France became increasingly unstable, Breteuil retired to his
1066:
418:
414:
5184:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
681:. Breteuil spent the next decade in exile. His loyalty to the
447:
and several high-ranking Austrian politicians sneered at the "
5118:
812:. Translated by N. F. Dryhurst. New York: Vanguard Printings.
795:. Translated by N. F. Dryhurst. New York: Vanguard Printings.
607:
386:
378:
323:
6277:
Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
5158:
4998:
929:
596:
before journeying to Switzerland with the first party of
5914:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
823:"The Baron de Breteuil and the Pavillon de Breteuil"
749:
703:
occurred in 1814, but was deposed again by the 1830
688:
Breteuil was allowed to return to France in 1802 by
474:
After he returned to France, Breteuil was appointed
397:. He was quickly appointed French ambassador to the
342:(7 March 1730 – 2 November 1807) was a French
6146:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
3236:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
417:), and subsequently represented his government at
389:and later joined the army, where he fought in the
6287:French military personnel of the Seven Years' War
892:Athanase Louis Marie de Loménie, comte de Brienne
467:. But this may have backfired, as, according to
409:was placed on the throne. In 1769 he was sent to
6223:
5072:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
539:
1061:
805:
788:
3114:Significant civil and political events by year
3001:
1047:
915:
6167:
6126:
6102:
6083:
5067:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
740:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
6297:Ambassadors of France to the Russian Empire
3754:
496:Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
5271:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
3008:
2994:
1054:
1040:
922:
908:
692:Bonaparte, having made his peace with the
505:, which pitted him against his enemy, the
486:minister, and succeeded in moderating the
393:. In 1758 he left the army and joined the
346:, diplomat and statesman. He was the last
234:Ambassador of France to the United Kingdom
31:
6272:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
5536:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
5194:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
5017:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
368:
189:Vigeur of the French Co-Prince of Andorra
5968:
3252:Nationalization of the Church properties
385:. He received an excellent education in
6197:Historiography of the French Revolution
5468:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
5179:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
101:Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi
6224:
5204:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
5159:Other significant figures and factions
809:The Great French Revolution, 1789-1793
792:The Great French Revolution, 1789-1793
789:Peter Kropotkin (1909). "Chapter 12".
579:
518:, who demanded his dismissal in 1787.
6267:Secretaries of State for War (France)
6072:
5967:
5251:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
5157:
5007:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
4946:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
4904:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
4507:
3753:
3384:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
3112:
3015:
2989:
1035:
931:Chief ministers to the French Monarch
903:
806:Peter Kropotkin (1909). "Chapter 5".
454:
5405:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
4817:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
4508:
3604:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
383:Émilie, marquise du Châtelet-Laumont
144:Pierre-Charles Laurent de Villedeuil
63:11 July 1789 – 16 July 1789
51:Chief Minister of the French Monarch
6073:
5012:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
699:Breteuil died in France in 1807. A
429:), and again at Vienna until 1783.
13:
6202:Influence of the French Revolution
6192:Symbolism in the French Revolution
4956:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
4917:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
3172:Convocation of the Estates General
361:only one hundred hours before the
14:
6323:
5844:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
5576:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
4878:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
4660:François Christophe de Kellermann
3899:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
2043:(September 1870–19 February 1871)
1725:(December 29, 1818–November 1819)
860:, (London:Institut Français) 1999
719:. His findings were presented in
373:Breteuil was born in 1730 at the
6307:Ambassadors of France to Austria
5571:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
5478:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
5448:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
5339:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
5117:
5082:
5052:
5027:
4984:
4858:
4735:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
4516:
3288:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
1020:
875:Philippe Henri, marquis de SĂ©gur
766:
752:
476:Minister of the King's Household
276:Jacques-Abraham Durand d'Aubigny
265:Aimeric Joseph de Durfort-Civrac
6302:Ambassadors of France to Sweden
6237:People of the French Revolution
5909:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
5656:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
5581:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
4792:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
4787:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
4767:Catherine-Dominique de PĂ©rignon
4595:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
3513:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
2679:(5 September–11 September 1948)
151:Ambassador of France to Austria
132:Antoine-Jean Amelot de Chaillou
6312:Affair of the Diamond Necklace
6182:Women in the French Revolution
5784:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
4961:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
4625:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
4254:French invasion of Switzerland
2589:(November 1943–September 1944)
2049:(19 February–25 February 1871)
1806:(10 November–18 November 1834)
1713:(September 1815–December 1818)
1084:Controller-General of Finances
816:
799:
782:
509:. Breteuil's loyalty to Queen
503:Affair of the Diamond Necklace
16:French aristocrat and diplomat
1:
6292:18th-century French diplomats
6187:Incroyables and merveilleuses
6006:Pierre Claude François Daunou
5794:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
4925:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
4896:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
4193:Naval Engagement off Brittany
3946:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
3920:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
3729:Constitution of the Year VIII
3464:Committee of General Security
3349:National Legislative Assembly
3204:National Constituent Assembly
2739:(1 February–14 February 1956)
2733:(February 1955–February 1956)
2685:(September 1948–January 1949)
2139:(16 April 1885–December 1886)
1719:(7 December–29 December 1818)
1566:(10 August–21 September 1792)
1354:de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson
671:
540:Appointment as Prime Minister
399:Archbishop-elector of Cologne
6105:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
5899:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
5789:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
5686:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
5586:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
5276:Charles Malo François Lameth
4951:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
4782:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
4725:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
3925:Second Battle of Wissembourg
3612:Constitution of the Year III
2655:(December 1946–January 1947)
2616:(November 1944–January 1946)
2463:(4 February–9 February 1934)
2445:(December 1932–January 1933)
2427:(December 1930–January 1931)
1953:(December 1851–January 1852)
1917:(December 1848–October 1849)
742:, is named after the baron.
516:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
113:1784 – 24 July 1788
7:
6282:Finance ministers of France
6001:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
5626:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
5561:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
5521:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
5400:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
5385:JĂ©rĂ´me PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
5380:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
5189:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
5042:William V, Prince of Orange
3912:First Battle of Wissembourg
3869:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
3585:Closing of the Jacobin Club
3454:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
3411:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
3271:Abolition of the Parlements
3244:Women's March on Versailles
2451:(January 1933–January 1934)
1923:(October 1849–January 1851)
656:. After the failure of the
625:
229:Joseph Bonifaci Goma Montou
39:François-Guillaume Ménageot
10:
6328:
6136:French Republican calendar
5691:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
5316:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
4670:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
4620:Charles François Dumouriez
4610:Jacques François Dugommier
4424:League of Armed Neutrality
4257:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
4209:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
4032:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
4011:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
3675:Second Congress of Rastatt
3459:Committee of Public Safety
3446:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
2517:(November 1938–March 1940)
2379:(December 1925–March 1926)
2283:(December 1913–March 1914)
2157:(December 1887–April 1888)
2127:(August 1882–6 April 1885)
1078:Superintendent of Finances
882:Secretary of State for War
839:
629:
555:Breteuil was contacted by
25:Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier
6232:Prime ministers of France
6151:Cult of the Supreme Being
6079:
6068:
5974:
5963:
5922:
5756:
5749:
5634:
5491:
5413:
5324:
5311:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
5217:
5166:Patriotic Society of 1789
5164:
5153:
5115:
5080:
5050:
5025:
4982:
4969:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
4891:Karl Aloys zu FĂĽrstenberg
4856:
4847:
4825:
4530:
4514:
4503:
4472:
4435:
4408:Convention of Alessandria
4390:
4297:
4244:
4175:
4045:
4019:
3936:
3833:
3760:
3749:
3705:
3694:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
3686:
3659:
3596:
3532:
3427:
3360:
3309:
3263:
3155:What Is the Third Estate?
3146:
3119:
3108:
3023:
2776:
2745:(February 1956–June 1957)
2709:(March 1952–January 1953)
2667:(November 1947–July 1948)
2635:
2610:(September–November 1944)
2596:
2557:
2530:
2469:(February 1934–June 1935)
2029:
1960:
1873:
1848:(March 1840–October 1840)
1768:
1693:
1672:
1651:
1630:
1573:
1178:
1093:
1073:
1018:
937:
888:
879:
871:
866:
710:
567:, the King's brother the
333:
313:
290:
285:
281:
269:
259:
249:
238:
233:
223:
213:
205:
194:
187:
175:
167:
156:
149:
137:
125:
117:
106:
99:
89:
77:
67:
56:
49:
45:
30:
23:
5859:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
5824:Joséphine de Beauharnais
5706:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
5676:François-Nicolas Vincent
5661:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
4835:Charles-Alexandre Linois
4730:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
4710:François Séverin Marceau
4690:François Joseph Lefebvre
4585:Jean-Étienne Championnet
4560:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
4555:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
4550:Alexandre de Beauharnais
4540:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
4262:French Invasion of Egypt
4140:Second Battle of Bassano
3874:Battle of Kaiserslautern
3648:Conspiracy of the Equals
3341:The Constitution of 1791
3212:Storming of the Bastille
2757:(November 1957–May 1958)
2373:(November–December 1925)
2349:(June 1924–3 April 1925)
2187:(December 1893–May 1894)
2145:(December 1886–May 1887)
2097:(November–December 1877)
2091:(May 1877–November 1877)
1947:(November–December 1851)
1818:(January–September 1836)
1587:(21 September 1792–1793)
1560:(29 July–10 August 1792)
745:
725:The Road from Versailles
375:Château d'Azay-le-Ferron
363:storming of the Bastille
5839:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
5711:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
5671:Antoine-François Momoro
5666:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
5483:François de Neufchâteau
5433:Charles-François Lebrun
5375:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
5256:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
5132:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
4938:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
4933:Karl Mack von Leiberich
4565:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
4379:Second Battle of Zurich
4270:Irish Rebellion of 1798
4116:First Battle of Bassano
3954:Second Battle of Boulou
3755:Revolutionary campaigns
3713:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
3628:Council of Five Hundred
3416:First republic declared
3352:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
3333:Declaration of Pillnitz
3057:Constitutional monarchy
2727:(January–February 1955)
2661:(January–November 1947)
2649:(October–December 1946)
2457:(January–February 1934)
2367:(October–November 1925)
2355:(3 April–17 April 1925)
2199:(January–November 1895)
2193:(May 1894–January 1895)
2133:(6 April–16 April 1885)
2022:(August–September 1870)
1998:(January–November 1867)
1941:(October–November 1851)
1911:(October–December 1848)
1812:(18 November 1834–1836)
1800:(1832–10 November 1834)
612:Prime Minister-in-exile
451:" behind closed doors.
432:In Sweden, he became a
395:French Foreign Ministry
6168:
6127:
6103:
6084:
5596:Prieur de la CĂ´te-d'Or
5591:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
5501:Maximilien Robespierre
5334:Jacques Pierre Brissot
5199:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
4630:Louis-Charles de Flers
4615:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
4580:Jean François Carteaux
4355:First Battle of Zurich
4318:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
4273:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
4233:Treaty of Campo Formio
3979:Glorious First of June
3907:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
3866:Expedition to Sardinia
3544:Desmoulins guillotined
3479:Assassination of Marat
3471:Fall of the Girondists
3443:Revolutionary Tribunal
3435:Execution of Louis XVI
3325:Champ de Mars massacre
3228:Abolition of Feudalism
2598:Provisional Government
2397:(19 July–23 July 1926)
2313:(March–September 1917)
2271:(June 1911–March 1913)
1782:(August–November 1830)
1554:(18 June–29 July 1792)
1548:(13 June–18 June 1792)
828:21 August 2008 at the
738:, France, home of the
369:Soldier and ambassador
6041:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
5306:Jean-Charles Pichegru
5286:Jean-François Rewbell
4772:Jean-Charles Pichegru
4655:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
4645:Jacques Maurice Hatry
4416:Battle of Hohenlinden
4289:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
4124:Battle of Emmendingen
4071:Battle of Castiglione
3958:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
3889:Battle of Hondschoote
3560:Thermidorian Reaction
3524:(throughout the year)
3297:Fête de la Fédération
3223:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
3207:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
3191:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
2922:(March–November 2004)
2820:(July 1968–June 1969)
2673:(July–September 1948)
2511:(April–November 1938)
2421:(March–December 1930)
2415:(February–March 1930)
2295:(9 June–13 June 1914)
2277:(March–December 1913)
2181:(April–December 1893)
2121:(January–August 1882)
2061:(April–December 1872)
1887:(February–March 1848)
1842:(May 1839–March 1840)
1707:(July–September 1815)
853:.3 (1990), pp 317–339
182:Jean-François Géorgel
5969:Influential thinkers
5716:Jean-François Varlet
5616:Jean-Lambert Tallien
5611:Jean Bon Saint-André
5438:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
5360:Marquis de Condorcet
5209:Nicolas de Condorcet
4974:Dagobert von Wurmser
4807:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
4750:Pierre-Jacques Osten
4665:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
4600:Louis-Nicolas Davout
4590:Chapuis de Tourville
4132:Battle of Schliengen
4079:Battle of Theiningen
4000:Battle of Aldenhoven
3884:Battle of Wattignies
3853:Battle of Neerwinden
3667:Coup of 18 Fructidor
3180:Death of the Dauphin
2928:(November 2004–2005)
2751:(June–November 1957)
2703:(January–March 1952)
2583:(June–November 1943)
2499:(January–March 1938)
2475:(1 June–7 June 1935)
2439:(June–December 1932)
2409:(1928–February 1930)
2361:(April–October 1925)
2241:(March–October 1906)
2205:(November 1895–1896)
2067:(December 1872–1873)
2010:(January–April 1870)
1935:(April–October 1851)
1929:(January–April 1851)
1866:(1847–February 1848)
1617:(July–November 1799)
1542:(March–13 June 1792)
1374:(December 1720–1722)
732:Pavillon de Breteuil
723:, (sometimes titled
642:Jean-Baptiste Drouet
574:Bastille was stormed
565:duchesse de Polignac
461:Chateau de Vincennes
436:friend of the young
6056:Mary Wollstonecraft
5834:Jean Sylvain Bailly
5621:Pierre Louis Prieur
5566:Jean-Henri Voulland
5541:Jacques-Louis David
5473:Jean Joseph Mounier
5174:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4812:Belgrand de Vaubois
4700:Jean-Antoine Marbot
4640:Emmanuel de Grouchy
4445:Treaty of Lunéville
4084:Battle of Neresheim
4029:Siege of Luxembourg
4008:Siege of Luxembourg
3963:Battle of Tourcoing
3894:Siege of Bellegarde
3721:Coup of 18 Brumaire
3633:Council of Ancients
3408:National Convention
3400:September Massacres
3376:Brunswick Manifesto
3368:France declares war
3135:Assembly of Vizille
2790:(October 1958–1960)
2769:(June–October 1958)
2715:(January–June 1953)
2697:(1951–January 1952)
2628:(June–October 1946)
2622:(January–June 1946)
2493:(1937–January 1938)
2433:(January 1931–1932)
2247:(October 1906–1909)
2151:(May–December 1887)
2016:(April–August 1870)
2004:(1867–January 1870)
1974:(January 1852–1855)
1905:(June–October 1848)
1854:(October 1840–1842)
1368:(May–December 1720)
1356:(1718–January 1720)
1350:(1718–January 1720)
701:Bourbon Restoration
694:First French Empire
580:Government in exile
425:), in 1773 Naples (
6247:Barons of Preuilly
6242:Barons of Breteuil
5894:Loménie de Brienne
5869:Madame de Lamballe
5804:Napoléon Bonaparte
5601:Prieur de la Marne
5516:Camille Desmoulins
5370:Marie Jean HĂ©rault
5246:Jean-Sifrein Maury
5241:Arnaud de La Porte
5097:Alexander Korsakov
4883:Count of Clerfayt
4802:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
4715:Auguste de Marmont
4570:Napoléon Bonaparte
4461:Algeciras campaign
4453:Treaty of Florence
4331:Battle of Stockach
4164:Ireland expedition
4148:Battle of Calliano
4108:Battle of Rovereto
4100:Battle of WĂĽrzburg
3552:Law of 22 Prairial
3521:Anti-clerical laws
3496:The Death of Marat
3317:Flight to Varennes
2892:(August 1995–1997)
2505:(March–April 1938)
2307:(August 1914–1917)
2301:(June–August 1914)
1962:House of Bonaparte
1761:(July–August 1830)
1674:House of Bonaparte
1632:House of Bonaparte
1362:(January–May 1720)
1012:Comte de Montmorin
987:Comte de Vergennes
942:Cardinal Richelieu
867:Political offices
658:flight to Varennes
632:Flight to Varennes
594:Imperial territory
455:Household Minister
6252:People from Indre
6219:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6093:Cockade of France
6064:
6063:
6026:Antoine Lavoisier
6016:Benjamin Franklin
5996:Anacharsis Cloots
5959:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5879:Louis de Breteuil
5721:Theophile Leclerc
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5102:Alexander Suvorov
4843:
4842:
4777:JĂłzef Poniatowski
4695:Étienne Macdonald
4499:
4498:
4400:Battle of Marengo
4363:Battle of Trebbia
4347:Battle of Cassano
4339:Battle of Magnano
4323:Battle of Ostrach
4225:Battle of Neuwied
3987:Battle of Fleurus
3971:Battle of Tournay
3848:War in the Vendée
3784:Royalist Revolts
3745:
3744:
3302:
3278:Abolition of the
3196:Tennis Court Oath
3188:National Assembly
3017:French Revolution
2983:
2982:
2886:(May–August 1995)
2824:Giscard d'Estaing
2812:Couve de Murville
2800:Giscard d'Estaing
2581:Couve de Murville
2523:(March–June 1940)
2385:(March–June 1926)
2343:(March–June 1924)
2289:(March–June 1914)
2265:(March–June 1911)
2259:(1910–March 1911)
2235:(1905–March 1906)
2175:(1892–April 1893)
2163:(April 1888–1889)
1830:(1837–March 1839)
1686:(March–July 1815)
1558:Delaville-Leroulx
1536:(1791–March 1792)
1063:Finance ministers
1029:
1028:
982:Comte de Maurepas
898:
897:
889:Succeeded by
654:French Revolution
507:Cardinal de Rohan
427:Kingdom of Naples
423:Habsburg monarchy
337:
336:
308:Kingdom of France
6319:
6173:
6161:Temple of Reason
6132:
6108:
6089:
6070:
6069:
6021:Thomas Jefferson
5965:
5964:
5884:de Chateaubriand
5814:Joseph Bonaparte
5809:Lucien Bonaparte
5799:Marie Antoinette
5754:
5753:
5741:Sylvain Maréchal
5696:François Hanriot
5531:Louis Philippe I
5458:Louis Philippe I
5453:Philippe Égalité
5395:Olympe de Gouges
5365:Charlotte Corday
5355:Étienne Clavière
5155:
5154:
5137:Antonio Ricardos
5122:
5121:
5107:Andrei Rosenberg
5087:
5086:
5057:
5056:
5032:
5031:
5002:Ralph Abercromby
4989:
4988:
4964:
4941:
4928:
4920:
4912:
4899:
4886:
4863:
4862:
4854:
4853:
4758:
4705:Marcellin Marbot
4528:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4509:Military leaders
4505:
4504:
4492:
4484:
4480:Treaty of Amiens
4465:
4457:
4449:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4383:
4382:(25–26 Sep 1799)
4375:
4367:
4366:(17–20 Jun 1799)
4359:
4351:
4350:(27–28 Apr 1799)
4343:
4335:
4327:
4326:(20–21 Mar 1799)
4319:
4311:
4307:Second Coalition
4290:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4258:
4237:
4229:
4221:
4217:Treaty of Leoben
4213:
4205:
4204:(14–15 Jan 1797)
4201:Battle of Rivoli
4197:
4189:
4185:Italian campaign
4168:
4160:
4159:(15–17 Nov 1796)
4156:Battle of Arcole
4152:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4104:
4096:
4092:Battle of Amberg
4088:
4075:
4067:
4063:Battle of Lonato
4059:
4055:Italian campaign
4033:
4012:
4004:
3991:
3983:
3975:
3967:
3959:
3950:
3929:
3928:(26–27 Dec 1793)
3916:
3908:
3870:
3862:
3858:Battle of Famars
3826:
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3750:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3698:
3679:
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3320:(20–21 Jun 1791)
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3256:
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3216:
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3200:
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3127:Day of the Tiles
3110:
3109:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2987:
2986:
2946:(June 2007–2011)
2713:Bourgès-Maunoury
2577:(1942–June 1943)
2481:(June 1935–1936)
2403:(July 1926–1928)
2391:(June–July 1926)
1893:(March–May 1848)
1836:(March–May 1839)
1770:House of Orléans
1695:House of Bourbon
1653:House of Bourbon
1611:(1796–July 1799)
1180:House of Bourbon
1147:de Cossé-Brissac
1056:
1049:
1042:
1033:
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1024:
947:Cardinal Mazarin
924:
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872:Preceded by
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813:
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762:
760:Biography portal
757:
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683:House of Bourbon
668:died in prison.
527:Place de la Grèe
511:Marie Antoinette
391:Seven Years' War
352:Bourbon Monarchy
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286:Personal details
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6086:La Marseillaise
6075:
6074:Cultural impact
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5970:
5951:
5918:
5874:Madame du Barry
5864:Catherine Théot
5854:Thérésa Tallien
5745:
5736:Gracchus Babeuf
5681:François Chabot
5638:
5630:
5551:Georges Couthon
5546:Marquis de Sade
5511:Jean-Paul Marat
5487:
5443:Bertrand Barère
5409:
5320:
5301:Boissy d'Anglas
5296:Madame de Staël
5261:Antoine Barnave
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4873:JĂłzsef Alvinczi
4857:
4839:
4821:
4762:Nicolas Oudinot
4752:
4685:Claude Lecourbe
4680:Charles Leclerc
4575:Guillaume Brune
4545:Pierre Augereau
4515:
4510:
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4488:Treaty of Paris
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1899:(May–June 1848)
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1875:Second Republic
1869:
1858:Lacave-Laplagne
1828:Lacave-Laplagne
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2031:Third Republic
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2017:
2011:
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1968:
1966:
1958:
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847:French History
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561:Jacques Necker
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534:King's Council
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6141:Metric system
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5940:Panthéon Club
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5829:Joachim Murat
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5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5752:
5748:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5643:
5637:
5633:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5606:Gilbert Romme
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5490:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5428:de Cambacérès
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5345:
5344:Madame Roland
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5281:André Chénier
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5236:Grace Elliott
5234:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5221:
5216:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5156:
5152:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5120:
5114:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5085:
5079:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5055:
5049:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4987:
4981:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4923:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4861:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4797:Joseph Souham
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4740:Joachim Murat
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4720:André Masséna
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4506:
4502:
4491:(25 Jun 1802)
4489:
4486:
4483:(25 Mar 1802)
4481:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4462:
4459:
4456:(18 Mar 1801)
4454:
4451:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4425:
4422:
4417:
4414:
4411:(15 Jun 1800)
4409:
4406:
4403:(14 Jun 1800)
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4380:
4377:
4374:(15 Aug 1799)
4372:
4369:
4364:
4361:
4356:
4353:
4348:
4345:
4340:
4337:
4334:(25 Mar 1799)
4332:
4329:
4324:
4321:
4316:
4315:Siege of Acre
4313:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4287:
4286:Peasants' War
4284:
4279:
4276:
4271:
4268:
4263:
4260:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4236:(17 Oct 1797)
4234:
4231:
4228:(18 Apr 1797)
4226:
4223:
4220:(17 Apr 1797)
4218:
4215:
4212:(25 Jan 1797)
4210:
4207:
4202:
4199:
4196:(13 Jan 1797)
4194:
4191:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4165:
4162:
4157:
4154:
4149:
4146:
4141:
4138:
4135:(26 Oct 1796)
4133:
4130:
4127:(19 Oct 1796)
4125:
4122:
4117:
4114:
4109:
4106:
4101:
4098:
4095:(24 Aug 1796)
4093:
4090:
4087:(11 Aug 1796)
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4072:
4069:
4064:
4061:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3990:(26 Jun 1794)
3988:
3985:
3980:
3977:
3974:(22 May 1794)
3972:
3969:
3966:(18 May 1794)
3964:
3961:
3955:
3952:
3949:(24 Apr 1794)
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3915:(13 Oct 1793)
3913:
3910:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3864:
3861:(23 May 1793)
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3824:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3735:
3732:(24 Dec 1799)
3730:
3727:
3722:
3719:
3716:(18 Jun 1799)
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3697:(11 May 1798)
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3676:
3673:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3649:
3646:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3615:(22 Aug 1795)
3613:
3610:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3588:(11 Nov 1794)
3586:
3583:
3578:
3575:
3572:(28 Jul 1794)
3569:
3566:
3563:(27 Jul 1794)
3561:
3558:
3555:(10 Jun 1794)
3553:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3522:
3519:
3516:(16 Oct 1793)
3514:
3511:
3508:(17 Sep 1793)
3506:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3490:(23 Aug 1793)
3488:
3485:
3482:(13 Jul 1793)
3480:
3477:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3444:
3441:
3438:(21 Jan 1793)
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3419:(22 Sep 1792)
3417:
3414:
3409:
3406:
3401:
3398:
3395:(10 Aug 1792)
3393:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3379:(25 Jul 1792)
3377:
3374:
3371:(20 Apr 1792)
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3350:
3347:
3342:
3339:
3336:(27 Aug 1791)
3334:
3331:
3328:(17 Jul 1791)
3326:
3323:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3301:(14 Jul 1790)
3299:
3298:
3294:
3291:(12 Jul 1790)
3289:
3286:
3283:(23 Jun 1790)
3281:
3277:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3253:
3250:
3245:
3242:
3239:(26 Aug 1789)
3237:
3234:
3229:
3226:
3221:
3218:
3215:(14 Jul 1789)
3213:
3210:
3205:
3202:
3199:(20 Jun 1789)
3197:
3194:
3189:
3186:
3183:(4 June 1789)
3181:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3167:(28 Apr 1789)
3165:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3138:(21 Jul 1788)
3136:
3133:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3043:Ancien RĂ©gime
3040:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3011:
3006:
3004:
2999:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2077:Mathieu-Bodet
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:de Casabianca
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:Garnier-Pagès
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1609:Ramel-Nogaret
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1591:Destournelles
1589:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:de Silhouette
1418:
1415:
1414:de Boullonges
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1023:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
957:Duc d'Orléans
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
936:
932:
925:
920:
918:
913:
911:
906:
905:
902:
893:
884:
883:
876:
870:
865:
859:
856:Munro Price,
855:
852:
848:
844:
843:
831:
827:
824:
819:
811:
810:
802:
794:
793:
785:
781:
775:
769:
764:
761:
750:
743:
741:
737:
733:
728:
726:
722:
718:
708:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
669:
667:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
633:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
603:
601:
600:
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591:
587:
577:
575:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
537:
535:
530:
528:
524:
519:
517:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
492:intellectuals
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
462:
452:
450:
446:
442:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
366:
364:
360:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
332:
329:
328:French Empire
325:
316:
312:
309:
305:
293:
289:
284:
280:
277:
274:
268:
264:
258:
255:
252:
248:
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218:
212:
208:
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186:
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174:
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136:
133:
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105:
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98:
94:
88:
85:
82:
76:
73:
70:
66:
60:
55:
52:
48:
44:
40:
34:
29:
22:
19:
6177:Phrygian cap
6122:Bastille Day
6036:Thomas Paine
5991:Edmund Burke
5986:Beaumarchais
5980:Les Lumières
5978:
5878:
5819:Joseph Fesch
5731:Pauline LĂ©on
5701:Jacques Roux
5640:
5224:
4650:Lazare Hoche
4635:Paul Grenier
4605:Louis Desaix
4464:(8 Jul 1801)
4448:(9 Feb 1801)
4419:(3 Dec 1800)
4342:(5 Apr 1799)
4143:(6 Nov 1796)
4119:(8 Sep 1796)
4111:(4 Sep 1796)
4103:(3 Sep 1796)
4074:(5 Aug 1796)
4003:(2 Oct 1794)
3982:(1 Jun 1794)
3724:(9 Nov 1799)
3670:(4 Sep 1797)
3607:(1 Apr 1795)
3577:White Terror
3570:guillotined
3547:(5 Apr 1794)
3494:
3474:(2 Jun 1793)
3344:(3 Sep 1791)
3295:
3255:(2 Nov 1789)
3247:(5 Oct 1789)
3175:(5 May 1789)
3153:
3130:(7 Jun 1788)
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
2896:Strauss-Kahn
2532:Vichy France
2335:de Lasteyrie
2113:Allain-Targé
1846:de la Lozère
1596:
1509:
1492:de Fourqueux
1402:de SĂ©chelles
1396:d'Arnouville
1318:Le Pelletier
1220:de Champigny
1208:de Schomberg
1163:de Bellièvre
1001:
880:
857:
850:
846:
818:
808:
801:
791:
784:
729:
724:
720:
714:
698:
687:
675:
662:
635:
619:
604:
597:
583:
576:on 14 July.
557:conservative
554:
543:
531:
520:
500:
484:humanitarian
473:
458:
448:
431:
407:Catherine II
372:
339:
338:
319:(1807-11-02)
301:7 March 1730
271:Succeeded by
240:
225:Succeeded by
196:
158:
139:Succeeded by
108:
91:Succeeded by
58:
37:Portrait by
18:
6262:1807 deaths
6257:1730 births
6046:Abbé Sieyès
6031:Montesquieu
5947:Social Club
5889:Jean Chouan
5779:Louis XVIII
5556:Roger Ducos
5526:Paul Barras
5493:Montagnards
5423:Abbé Sieyès
5226:monarchiens
5034:Netherlands
4963:(Hungarian)
4911:(Hungarian)
4827:French Navy
4753: [
4675:Jean Lannes
4532:French Army
4310:(1798–1802)
4281:(1798–1800)
4265:(1798–1801)
3995:Chouannerie
3956:(Pyrenees)
3821: [
3788:Chouannerie
3580:(Fall 1794)
3568:Robespierre
2970:(2017–2024)
2964:(2014–2017)
2958:(2012–2014)
2952:(2011–2012)
2916:(2002–2004)
2910:(2000–2002)
2904:(1999–2000)
2898:(1997–1999)
2874:(1992–1993)
2868:(1988–1992)
2862:(1986–1988)
2856:(1984–1986)
2850:(1981–1984)
2844:(1978–1981)
2838:(1976–1978)
2832:(1974–1976)
2826:(1969–1974)
2802:(1962–1966)
2796:(1960–1962)
2794:Baumgartner
2721:(1953–1955)
2691:(1949–1951)
2640:(1946–1958)
2601:(1944–1946)
2571:(1941–1942)
2562:(1941–1944)
2559:Free France
2550:(1942–1944)
2544:(1940–1942)
2542:Bouthillier
2535:(1940–1944)
2509:Marchandeau
2497:Marchandeau
2487:(1936–1937)
2461:Marchandeau
2337:(1922–1924)
2331:(1921–1922)
2325:(1920–1921)
2319:(1917–1920)
2253:(1909–1910)
2229:(1902–1905)
2223:(1899–1902)
2217:(1898–1899)
2211:(1896–1898)
2169:(1889–1892)
2115:(1881–1882)
2109:(1879–1881)
2103:(1877–1879)
2079:(1874–1875)
2073:(1873–1874)
2055:(1871–1872)
2034:(1870–1940)
1992:(1861–1867)
1986:(1860–1861)
1984:La Roquette
1980:(1855–1860)
1965:(1852–1870)
1878:(1848–1852)
1860:(1842–1847)
1824:(1836–1837)
1794:(1831–1832)
1788:(1830–1831)
1773:(1830–1848)
1743:(1828–1829)
1737:(1821–1828)
1731:(1819–1821)
1698:(1815–1830)
1665:(1814–1815)
1656:(1814–1815)
1644:(1804–1814)
1635:(1804–1814)
1623:(1799–1804)
1605:(1795–1796)
1599:(1794–1795)
1593:(1793–1794)
1578:(1792–1804)
1552:de Beaulieu
1530:(1790–1791)
1518:(1789–1790)
1510:de Breteuil
1506:(1788–1789)
1500:(1787–1788)
1488:(1783–1787)
1476:(1781–1783)
1470:(1777–1781)
1464:(1776–1777)
1452:(1774–1776)
1446:(1769–1774)
1440:(1768–1769)
1434:(1763–1768)
1428:(1759–1763)
1416:(1757–1759)
1410:(1756–1757)
1404:(1754–1756)
1398:(1745–1754)
1392:(1730–1745)
1386:(1726–1730)
1380:(1722–1726)
1344:(1715–1718)
1342:de Noailles
1338:(1708–1715)
1332:(1699–1708)
1326:(1689–1699)
1320:(1683–1689)
1314:(1661–1683)
1308:(1659–1661)
1302:(1653–1659)
1292:(1651–1653)
1286:(1650–1651)
1284:de Longueil
1280:(1649–1650)
1270:(1648–1649)
1268:de La Porte
1264:(1647–1648)
1258:(1643–1647)
1252:de Bailleul
1248:(1640–1643)
1246:Bouthillier
1242:(1632–1640)
1240:Bouthillier
1232:(1626–1632)
1226:(1624–1626)
1224:de Marillac
1216:(1623–1624)
1210:(1619–1622)
1204:(1614–1619)
1198:(1598–1611)
1192:(1589–1594)
1183:(1589–1792)
1171:(1588–1589)
1165:(1574–1588)
1159:(1568–1570)
1153:(1561–1567)
1143:(1559–1560)
1141:de Lorraine
1137:(1556–1559)
1131:(1552–1556)
1125:(1546–1552)
1123:d'Annebault
1119:(1544–1546)
1113:(1524–1544)
1107:(1518–1524)
1098:(1518–1589)
1086:(1661–1791)
1080:(1561–1661)
717:Munro Price
586:Switzerland
469:Joseph Droz
261:Preceded by
215:Preceded by
177:Preceded by
127:Preceded by
79:Preceded by
6226:Categories
5935:Cordeliers
5849:Talleyrand
5774:Louis XVII
5636:HĂ©bertists
5390:Jean Debry
5220:Feuillants
4849:Opposition
4745:Michel Ney
4167:(Dec 1796)
3775:Thionville
3678:(Dec 1797)
3651:(May 1796)
3643:5 Oct 1795
3620:Directoire
3500:(painting)
3403:(Sep 1792)
3387:(Jun 1792)
3220:Great Fear
3159:(Jan 1789)
3050:Revolution
2878:Alphandéry
2131:Clamageran
2059:de Goulard
1927:de Germiny
1753:de Montbel
1747:de Crouzol
1735:de Villèle
1528:de Lessart
1498:de Brienne
1486:de Calonne
1480:d'Ormesson
1432:de Laverdy
1348:de Caumont
1330:Chamillart
1324:Phélypeaux
1236:de Bullion
1196:de BĂ©thune
1157:de Birague
672:Later life
666:Louis XVII
650:postmaster
646:Republican
488:censorship
465:oubliettes
441:Gustav III
344:aristocrat
297:1730-03-07
5769:Louis XVI
5764:Charles X
5415:The Plain
5326:Girondins
5266:Lafayette
4927:(Walloon)
4909:Pál Kray
4885:(Walloon)
4427:(1800–02)
4278:Quasi-War
3737:Consulate
3623:(1795–99)
3078:Consulate
3071:Directory
2956:Moscovici
2866:Bérégovoy
2854:Bérégovoy
2521:Lamoureux
2395:de Monzie
2353:de Monzie
2347:Clementel
2293:Clémentel
2095:Dutilleul
1903:Goudchaux
1885:Goudchaux
1792:Dominique
1780:Dominique
1759:Dominique
1723:Dominique
1705:Dominique
1663:Dominique
1546:Duranthon
1474:de Fleury
1462:des RĂ©aux
1456:de Clugny
1438:d'Invault
1384:des Forts
1366:des Forts
1336:Desmarets
1278:de Mesmes
1256:de Mesmes
1151:d'Ongnyes
1135:d'Avançon
1117:du Thiers
1105:de Beaune
445:Joseph II
434:favourite
421:in 1770 (
411:Stockholm
359:Louis XVI
245:1760–1770
241:In office
209:Louis XVI
201:1780–1783
197:In office
171:Louis XVI
163:1774–1783
159:In office
121:Louis XVI
109:In office
72:Louis XVI
59:In office
6129:Panthéon
6117:Muscadin
6112:Marianne
6051:Voltaire
5930:Jacobins
5923:Factions
5463:Mirabeau
4919:(French)
3813:Jemappes
3797:Dauphiné
3280:Nobility
3092:Journals
3085:Glossary
3064:Republic
3036:Timeline
2968:Le Maire
2860:Balladur
2830:Fourcade
2755:Pflimlin
2749:Gaillard
2743:Ramadier
2731:Pflimlin
2683:Queuille
2575:Diethelm
2473:Caillaux
2401:Poincaré
2389:Caillaux
2371:Loucheur
2365:Painlevé
2359:Caillaux
2299:Noullens
2281:Caillaux
2263:Caillaux
2245:Caillaux
2239:Poincaré
2221:Caillaux
2191:Poincaré
2089:Caillaux
1822:Duchâtel
1816:d'Argout
1786:Laffitte
1711:Corvetto
1603:Faipoult
1585:Clavière
1564:Clavière
1540:Clavière
1408:de Moras
1129:Guillart
1002:Breteuil
826:Archived
690:Napoleon
626:Varennes
590:spa town
523:Henry IV
254:Louis XV
6011:Diderot
5757:Figures
5642:Enragés
5348:Father
5059:Prussia
4991:Britain
4940:(Saxon)
4898:(Swiss)
4865:Austria
2944:Lagarde
2926:Gaymard
2920:Sarkozy
2902:Sautter
2890:Arthuis
2884:Madelin
2737:Lacoste
2689:Petsche
2671:Reynaud
2659:Schuman
2647:Schuman
2626:Schuman
2608:Lepercq
2548:Cathala
2515:Reynaud
2479:RĂ©gnier
2431:Flandin
2419:Reynaud
2311:Thierry
2287:Renoult
2251:Cochery
2227:Rouvier
2215:Peytral
2209:Cochery
2185:Burdeau
2179:Peytral
2167:Rouvier
2161:Peytral
2149:Rouvier
2143:Dauphin
1939:Blondel
1897:Duclerc
1834:Gautier
1522:Lambert
1312:Colbert
1306:Fouquet
1300:Fouquet
1296:Servien
1274:d'Emery
1262:d'Emery
1230:de Ruzé
1202:Jeannin
992:Brienne
977:Maupeou
840:Sources
679:Hamburg
616:Soleure
599:émigrés
546:château
480:liberal
350:of the
250:Monarch
206:Monarch
168:Monarch
118:Monarch
68:Monarch
5750:Others
5089:Russia
4523:France
4188:(1797)
4058:(1796)
3793:Vendée
3770:Verdun
3597:1795–6
3540:Danton
3099:Museum
3029:Causes
2974:Armand
2950:Baroin
2938:Borloo
2932:Breton
2908:Fabius
2848:Delors
2842:Monory
2818:Ortoli
2677:Pineau
2653:Philip
2620:Philip
2614:Pleven
2587:France
2569:Pleven
2491:Bonnet
2485:Auriol
2455:Piétri
2449:Bonnet
2443:Chéron
2413:Dumont
2407:Chéron
2377:Doumer
2329:Doumer
2275:Dumont
2233:Merlou
2203:Doumer
2173:Tirard
2155:Tirard
2137:Carnot
2125:Tirard
2107:Magnin
2047:Buffet
2041:Picard
2014:Segris
2008:Buffet
1996:Rouher
1972:Bineau
1852:Humann
1810:Humann
1798:Humann
1684:Gaudin
1677:(1815)
1642:Gaudin
1621:Gaudin
1615:Lindet
1597:Vacant
1524:(1790)
1516:Necker
1512:(1789)
1504:Necker
1494:(1787)
1482:(1783)
1468:Necker
1458:(1776)
1450:Turgot
1444:Terray
1426:Bertin
1422:(1759)
1067:France
1007:Necker
997:Necker
736:Sèvres
711:Legacy
644:, the
620:émigré
419:Vienna
415:Sweden
6207:Films
5124:Spain
4757:]
3825:]
3818:Namur
3803:Lille
3780:Valmy
2962:Sapin
2872:Sapin
2836:Barre
2806:Debré
2788:Pinay
2767:Pinay
2761:Faure
2725:Buron
2719:Faure
2707:Pinay
2701:Faure
2695:Mayer
2665:Mayer
2383:PĂ©ret
2317:Klotz
2305:Ribot
2269:Klotz
2257:Klotz
2197:Ribot
2071:Magne
2020:Magne
2002:Magne
1990:Fould
1978:Magne
1951:Fould
1933:Fould
1921:Fould
1915:Passy
1864:Dumon
1840:Passy
1804:Passy
1534:Tarbé
1378:Dodun
1111:Babou
886:1787
746:Notes
734:, in
608:Turin
550:Dangu
387:Paris
379:Indre
324:Paris
5639:and
5223:and
4473:1802
4437:1801
4392:1800
4299:1799
4246:1798
4177:1797
4047:1796
4021:1795
3938:1794
3835:1793
3762:1792
3706:1799
3687:1798
3660:1797
3542:and
3533:1794
3428:1793
3361:1792
3310:1791
3264:1790
3147:1789
3120:1788
2503:Blum
1390:Orry
730:The
482:and
449:fool
438:King
356:King
314:Died
291:Born
4999:Sir
2914:Mer
2119:Say
2101:Say
2083:Say
2065:Say
1741:Roy
1729:Roy
1717:Roy
1360:Law
1190:d'O
1169:d'O
1065:of
592:in
548:in
6228::
4755:fr
3823:fr
849:,
707:.
602:.
529:.
498:.
365:.
326:,
306:,
3009:e
3002:t
2995:v
1298:/
1276:/
1254:/
1238:/
1222:/
1149:/
1055:e
1048:t
1041:v
923:e
916:t
909:v
851:4
413:(
377:(
299:)
295:(
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