367:
31:
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3231:
385:
295:
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461:
Louis' death was incredibly damaging to the West
Frankish war against the Vikings, and despite his massive victory at Saucourt, his brother and successor could not match his level of success and died in 884. However, his death united the kingdom of West Francia under one ruler and his reign set the
249:
in August 881. Viking raiders came into
Saucourt following defeats in East Francia and the sacking of several cities in West Francia, Louis and his brother were able to repel the offensive and killed roughly 9,000 of the invaders. However, the victory proved inconsequential, as Louis died nearly a
281:
died in 877, followed by Louis the
Stammerer on 10 April 879, Louis became King of West Francia. Some Frankish nobles advocated keeping Louis as the sole king, but another party favoured each brother ruling a separate part of the kingdom. In September 879, Louis was crowned at
219:, Louis endured questions of his legitimacy and refused to recognize him as the "true" King of West Francia, and upon the death of his grandfather and father in 877 and 879 respectively, ascended to the monarchy and ruled alongside his brother,
189:
from 879 until his death in 882. Despite questions of his legitimacy and challenges against his ascendance to the monarchy, Louis would prove to be an effective leader during his reign, notable for the defeat of Viking invaders at the
319:
When Louis III was crowned King of West
Francia in September 879, approval was split between allowing Louis to rule alone or have the Kingdom be split. Ultimately, Carloman II and Louis made an agreement in March 880 at
274:. Due to the fact that his parents had married secretly and Ansgarde was later repudiated at Charles' insistence, Louis' legitimacy was largely questioned during his early life.
250:
year later in an accident and was succeeded by his brother. Contemporaries state that Louis was a popular King during his short reign, and describe him as "able and energetic".
407:
Louis and his brother intercepted the
Vikings at Saucourt-en-Vimeu on 3 August 881, catching them by surprise. In an extremely violent and bloody attack, according to the
366:
2184:
1964:
400:
The Viking raids against the
Frankish kingdoms increased sharply around the middle of 880 and quickly turned into a large challenge. After the Viking defeat at
3358:
328:, one of Charles the Bald's most trusted lieutenants and the Count of Vienne, renounced his allegiance to both brothers and appropriated the title of
3363:
363:
from August to
November 880 proved unsuccessful and resulted in too many casualties for the war to continue, and the war ended in Louis' defeat.
2504:
2290:
1856:
450:
of a low door, taking a bad fall and breaking his skull. Because Louis III had no children, his brother
Carloman II became the sole king of
800:
355:
and the northern part of
Provence within the first few months of the war. They proceeded to unite their forces with those of their cousin,
3338:
1629:
404:
in the east, the raiders turned to the west and took
Kortrijk, Arras, Cambrai, Amiens and Corbie between November 880 and July 881.
1455:
824:
446:. According to legend, he was chasing after a girl who was retreating to her father's house on horseback and hit his head on the
351:
In the summer of 880, Louis and Carloman went to war against Boso. The campaign started well at first, as the brothers captured
2004:
1989:
1906:
324:, dividing their father's kingdom, with Louis receiving Neustria and Carloman receiving Aquitania. As a result of this split,
226:
During his brief tenure as King, he was challenged by Duke Boso, who had ascended to King of Provence. After his victories in
1757:
528:
3191:
340:
Invasions began nearly as soon as Louis III was crowned in 879, with dissident nobles and magnates from West Francia led by
2388:
2111:
1874:
1530:
1520:
1358:
302:
in 880. Louis and his brother Carloman divided the rule of West Francia along traditional lines, with Louis controlling
1959:
414:
Louis, at a mere 16 years of age, was widely celebrated by the people of both Frankish kingdoms. In East Francia, the
3151:
2497:
1931:
1916:
359:, who brought armies from Italy, East Francia, and Alemannia into the war. Despite the added manpower, The siege of
3103:
2199:
2040:
1994:
793:
370:
Artistic representation of Louis III & Carloman II, as part of a large collection of commissioned paintings by
63:
3296:
3259:
1391:
2874:
2692:
2677:
2219:
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819:
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122:
110:
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2142:
1762:
1703:
1698:
1784:
344:, King of East Francia, continuing a campaign that had raged since 877. Louis and Carloman made a treaty at
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1688:
1525:
2327:
2047:
1921:
1911:
1659:
1500:
1448:
786:
668:
Nelson, Janet L. (2000). "Carolingian royal funerals". In Theuws, Frans; Nelson, Janet Laughland (eds.).
411:, the West Frankish forces slaughtered as many as 9,000 raiders and won an important, decisive victory.
246:
191:
2539:, the daughter of Pepin I, married Ansegisel, the son of Arnulf of Metz, and was the mother of Pepin II.
3343:
2938:
2763:
2238:
2159:
1926:
1836:
1815:
1515:
1505:
1495:
511:
705:
Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Empire
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2174:
2089:
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1979:
1774:
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1999:
1969:
1574:
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30:
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1984:
1673:
834:
753:
48:
40:
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8:
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1947:
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1708:
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1352:
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1211:
1181:
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1112:
1107:
1087:
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969:
845:
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429:
263:
223:, following a deal in 880 at Amiens to split the throne between Neustria and Aquitania.
212:
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76:
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2018:
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1216:
1147:
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1038:
377:
348:
in 880, giving East Francia the western part of Lotharingia and placating the parties.
345:
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2317:
2189:
2164:
1654:
1385:
1338:
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1142:
1008:
425:
424:
celebrated Louis' heroism, piety and poise in the battle, while in West Francia, a
371:
329:
325:
278:
201:
1827:
1666:
360:
231:
126:
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1729:
1073:
934:
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3230:
2824:
2708:
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2295:
2079:
1767:
1033:
959:
924:
889:
384:
294:
3180:
2179:
1884:
1841:
1641:
1612:
1411:
954:
944:
939:
919:
914:
859:
451:
186:
3138:
2792:
2719:
1846:
1749:
1594:
1347:
1327:
1023:
997:
949:
904:
894:
879:
869:
770:
762:
659:
Mueller-Vollmer, Tristan; Wolf, Kirsten, eds. (2022). "Chronology: 881".
477:
420:
242:
were peacefully decided after the cession of Western Lotharingia in 880.
220:
196:
86:
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3015:
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2355:
1584:
1301:
1280:
1082:
992:
974:
899:
884:
864:
543:"Louis III | Carolingian Dynasty, West Francia, Aquitaine | Britannica"
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2513:
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1206:
929:
909:
778:
307:
3010:
2773:
1321:
1290:
1196:
978:
854:
303:
130:
696:
Fouracre, Paul. "The Context of the Old High German Ludwigslied",
474:, another French king who died after hitting his head on a lintel.
434:
was inspired by the battle and written a few hundred years later.
352:
227:
1607:
1475:
874:
149:
1433:
1896:
1464:
447:
321:
36:
670:
Rituals of Power: From Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages
454:, and the young king was buried in the royal mausoleum of the
336:
Early reign; wars against Louis the Younger and Boso (879–880)
2536:
691:
The Scandinavians from the Vendel Period to the Tenth Century
395:
442:
Louis III died suddenly on 5 August 882, aged around 17, at
2169:
1579:
194:
in August 881 that would later be immortalized in the poem
2512:
661:
Vikings: An Encyclopedia of Conflict, Invasions, and Raids
200:. He also led a less successful military campaign against
585:
561:
3196:
from 888 until 898. It was the last Carolingian kingdom.
679:
A Chronology of Early Medieval Western Europe: 450–1066
597:
573:
516:
689:
and the Battle of Saucourt", in Judith Jesch (ed.),
609:
658:
230:and northern Provence, he unsuccessfully besieged
634:Blood Royal: Dynastic Politics in Medieval Europe
3330:
645:. Vol. 1. University of Pennsylvania Press.
498:statue (gisant) : Louis III, roi de France
707:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
2498:
1449:
794:
1825:
1804:
1664:
652:The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians
388:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu, as depicted by
649:
567:
2745:
2505:
2491:
1456:
1442:
801:
787:
527:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGillmor2010 (
396:Military success against the Vikings (881)
3359:Deaths by horse-riding accident in France
631:
603:
383:
365:
314:
293:
2916:
693:(Oxford: Boydell Press, 2002), 281–302.
676:
640:
591:
579:
522:
258:Louis was born in either 863 or 865 at
3364:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
3331:
808:
667:
615:
245:Louis' most important victory was the
3192:West Francia was in the hands of the
2486:
1437:
782:
306:(in purple) and Carloman controlling
1422:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
185:(863/65 – 5 August 882) was King of
16:King of West Francia from 879 to 882
437:
298:A map showing the divisions of the
238:. Invasions from West Frankish and
13:
14:
3380:
3339:9th-century kings of West Francia
1463:
641:Jackson, Richard A., ed. (1995).
3229:
2953:
2772:
2639:
462:stage for later Frankish unity.
29:
120:5 August 882 (aged 18–19/16–17)
1795:Government of National Defense
650:McKitterick, Rosamond (1999).
535:
491:
1:
1704:Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
1699:War of the Spanish Succession
643:Ordines Coronationis Franciae
636:. Cambridge University Press.
484:
480:, the successor of Louis III.
253:
654:. Pearson Education Limited.
374:of all the French monarchs.
7:
758:10 April 879 – 5 August 882
465:
247:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu
192:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu
58:10 April 879 – 5 August 882
10:
3385:
2939:Pepin, Count of Vermandois
2185:French subdivisions by GDP
1932:2022 presidential election
1917:2017 presidential election
625:
512:French Ministry of Culture
262:and was the eldest son of
3295:
3271:
3238:
3227:
3201:
3190:
3179:
3117:
3051:
3032:
2987:
2974:
2962:
2951:
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2915:
2904:
2873:
2858:
2841:
2791:
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2770:
2753:
2744:
2733:
2707:
2667:
2648:
2637:
2611:
2580:
2571:
2544:
2524:
2446:
2336:
2246:
2237:
2133:
2124:
2026:
2017:
1955:
1946:
1867:
1748:
1717:
1689:Second Hundred Years' War
1640:
1593:
1560:
1539:
1531:Liberalism and radicalism
1483:
1474:
1420:
1401:
1375:
1337:
1311:
1265:
1240:
1161:
1072:
968:
844:
814:
767:
751:
743:
716:
677:Venning, Timothy (2017).
632:Bartlett, Robert (2020).
170:
160:
148:
136:
116:
104:
100:
92:
82:
72:
62:
54:
47:
28:
23:
2529:Legend: → ≡ "father of",
1960:Administrative divisions
289:
2180:Franc (former currency)
1785:Coup of 2 December 1851
1758:Long nineteenth century
835:List of French monarchs
456:Basilica of Saint-Denis
378:Charles Auguste Steuben
41:Basilica of Saint-Denis
2747:Sons of Charles Martel
2563:Childebert the Adopted
2200:Science and technology
1857:Provisional Government
1826:
1805:
1665:
1341:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
830:List of Frankish kings
825:Simplified family tree
685:Green, Dennis H. "The
472:Charles VIII of France
392:
381:
311:
270:, and his first wife,
234:alongside his cousin,
2514:Pippinids, Arnulfings
387:
369:
315:Splitting the kingdom
297:
2944:Counts of Vermandois
2005:World Heritage Sites
1922:Coronavirus pandemic
820:Detailed family tree
754:King of West Francia
718:Louis III of France
700:, 46 (1985), 87–103.
272:Ansgarde of Burgundy
217:Ansgarde of Burgundy
175:Ansgarde of Burgundy
142:Basilica of St Denis
49:King of West Francia
3369:Carolingian dynasty
3297:Charles of Lorraine
3260:Charles of Lorraine
3130:Louis the Stammerer
2918:Sons of Charlemagne
2807:Charles the Younger
2802:Pepin the Hunchback
2143:Automotive industry
1927:2021 labor protests
1684:Peace of Westphalia
1552:History of Normandy
1547:History of Brittany
1256:Henry VI of England
723:Carolingian dynasty
594:, pp. 392–393.
431:Gormond et Isembart
264:Louis the Stammerer
213:Louis the Stammerer
77:Louis the Stammerer
3203:Charles the Simple
3144:Charles the Simple
2210:Telecommunications
1912:2015 Paris attacks
1775:Revolution of 1848
1603:Visigothic Kingdom
1403:House of Bonaparte
1313:House of Bonaparte
1243:House of Lancaster
809:Monarchs of France
547:www.britannica.com
393:
382:
312:
300:Carolingian Empire
211:The eldest son of
3344:Frankish warriors
3326:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3148:Charles the Child
3090:Louis the Younger
2998:Louis II of Italy
2900:
2899:
2869:
2868:
2729:
2728:
2625:Hugh of Champagne
2480:
2479:
2442:
2441:
2233:
2232:
2120:
2119:
2112:Political parties
2048:Foreign relations
2013:
2012:
1942:
1941:
1725:French Revolution
1679:Thirty Years' War
1660:Absolute monarchy
1625:Kingdom of France
1521:Foreign relations
1501:Political history
1431:
1430:
1392:Louis Philippe II
1315:(1804–1814; 1815)
777:
776:
768:Succeeded by
409:Annales Fuldenses
390:Jean-Joseph Dassy
342:Louis the Younger
268:King of Aquitaine
240:Louis the Younger
180:
179:
3376:
3233:
3188:
3187:
3155:Lothair the Lame
3119:Charles the Bald
3053:Louis the German
2972:
2971:
2957:
2913:
2912:
2789:
2788:
2776:
2742:
2741:
2643:
2590:Chlodulf of Metz
2578:
2577:
2532:* ≡ "brother of"
2507:
2500:
2493:
2484:
2483:
2244:
2243:
2160:Economic history
2131:
2130:
2024:
2023:
1953:
1952:
1831:
1810:
1709:Seven Years' War
1674:Wars of Religion
1670:
1655:House of Bourbon
1650:Early modern era
1630:Fundamental laws
1506:Military history
1481:
1480:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1435:
1434:
1386:Louis Philippe I
1377:House of Orléans
1339:House of Bourbon
1267:House of Bourbon
803:
796:
789:
780:
779:
744:Preceded by
739:
732:
714:
713:
703:MacLean, Simon.
682:
673:
664:
655:
646:
637:
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
568:McKitterick 1999
565:
559:
558:
556:
554:
539:
533:
532:
520:
514:
495:
438:Death and legacy
426:chanson de geste
372:Louis Philippe I
330:King of Provence
279:Charles the Bald
202:Boso of Provence
33:
21:
20:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3318:
3291:
3267:
3234:
3225:
3197:
3182:
3167:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3122:
3113:
3106:
3100:Charles the Fat
3098:
3088:
3072:Louis the Child
3056:
3047:
3028:
3022:
3014:
3006:Louis the Blind
2983:
2967:
2964:Louis the Pious
2958:
2949:
2920:
2907:
2896:
2865:
2854:
2837:
2817:Louis the Pious
2777:
2768:
2749:
2735:
2725:
2703:
2663:
2644:
2635:
2607:
2567:
2540:
2535:
2520:
2511:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2456:
2438:
2419:Public holidays
2332:
2291:Life expectancy
2229:
2116:
2009:
1938:
1907:Great Recession
1880:Fourth Republic
1875:1900 to present
1863:
1780:Second Republic
1744:
1713:
1636:
1589:
1556:
1535:
1470:
1462:
1432:
1427:
1416:
1397:
1371:
1333:
1307:
1261:
1236:
1163:House of Valois
1157:
1068:
1029:Charles the Fat
988:Pepin the Short
973:
964:
840:
839:
810:
807:
773:
759:
757:
749:
733:
727:
726:
719:
711:
628:
623:
622:
614:
610:
602:
598:
590:
586:
578:
574:
566:
562:
552:
550:
549:. 1 August 2024
541:
540:
536:
526:
521:
517:
496:
492:
487:
468:
440:
416:Old High German
398:
375:
357:Charles the Fat
338:
317:
292:
284:Ferrières Abbey
256:
236:Charles the Fat
206:Charles the Fat
204:with help from
144:
121:
109:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3382:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
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3341:
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3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3308:
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3278:
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3265:
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3254:
3251:
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3243:
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3228:
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3220:
3217:
3214:
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3199:
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3185:
3177:
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3156:
3141:
3136:
3126:
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3112:
3111:
3093:
3085:
3079:
3074:
3060:
3058:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
2994:
2992:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2979:Arnulf of Sens
2975:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2931:
2929:
2922:
2921:
2910:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2786:
2779:
2778:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2751:
2750:
2739:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2714:
2712:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2669:Charles Martel
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2593:
2586:Arnulf of Metz
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2550:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2487:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2375:Cultural icons
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2195:Stock exchange
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1995:National parks
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1970:Climate change
1967:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1892:Fifth Republic
1889:
1888:
1887:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1800:Third Republic
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1735:First Republic
1732:
1730:Napoleonic era
1727:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1575:Greek colonies
1572:
1566:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1438:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1318:
1316:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1249:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1074:House of Capet
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
995:
990:
984:
982:
966:
965:
963:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
935:Childebert III
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
851:
849:
842:
841:
838:
837:
832:
827:
822:
816:
815:
812:
811:
806:
805:
798:
791:
783:
775:
774:
769:
766:
750:
745:
741:
740:
720:
717:
709:
708:
701:
694:
683:
674:
665:
656:
647:
638:
627:
624:
621:
620:
618:, p. 166.
608:
606:, p. 241.
596:
584:
582:, p. 130.
572:
570:, p. 258.
560:
534:
525:, p. 224.
515:
489:
488:
486:
483:
482:
481:
475:
467:
464:
439:
436:
397:
394:
337:
334:
316:
313:
291:
288:
255:
252:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
146:
145:
140:
138:
134:
133:
118:
114:
113:
106:
102:
101:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
66:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
45:
44:
39:of Louis III,
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3381:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3178:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2903:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2722:
2721:
2717:Nibelung I →
2716:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:Childebrand I
2706:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2496:
2494:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2256:Birth control
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:Constitutions
2029:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1828:Années folles
1824:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1790:Second Empire
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:July Monarchy
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:Ancien Régime
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
983:
980:
976:
971:
967:
961:
960:Childeric III
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
925:Theuderic III
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
890:Childebert II
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
850:
847:
843:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
813:
804:
799:
797:
792:
790:
785:
784:
781:
772:
765:
764:
756:
755:
748:
742:
737:
730:
725:
724:
715:
712:
706:
702:
699:
695:
692:
688:
684:
680:
675:
671:
666:
662:
657:
653:
648:
644:
639:
635:
630:
629:
617:
612:
605:
604:Bartlett 2020
600:
593:
588:
581:
576:
569:
564:
548:
544:
538:
530:
524:
519:
513:
509:
508:
503:
499:
494:
490:
479:
476:
473:
470:
469:
463:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
435:
433:
432:
427:
423:
422:
417:
412:
410:
405:
403:
391:
386:
379:
373:
368:
364:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
333:
331:
327:
323:
309:
305:
301:
296:
287:
285:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
251:
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
209:
207:
203:
199:
198:
193:
188:
184:
176:
173:
169:
166:
163:
159:
156:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
132:
128:
127:Île-de-France
124:
119:
115:
112:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:September 879
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3133:
3009:
2942:
2917:
2746:
2737:Carolingians
2718:
2595:
2584:
2518:Carolingians
2361:Coat of arms
2351:Architecture
2323:Social class
2281:Homelessness
2266:Demographics
2220:Trade unions
2153:Central bank
2095:criminal law
2058:Human rights
2041:presidential
1885:Algerian War
1868:Contemporary
1842:Vichy France
1837:World War II
1807:Belle Époque
1740:First Empire
1642:Early Modern
1613:West Francia
1423:
1412:Napoleon III
1390:
1364:
1357:
1326:
1300:
1254:
1246:
1241:
1202:Charles VIII
1018:
970:Carolingians
955:Theuderic IV
945:Chilperic II
940:Dagobert III
920:Childeric II
915:Chlothar III
860:Childebert I
846:Merovingians
760:
752:
738:5 August 882
735:
728:
721:
710:
704:
698:Medium Aevum
697:
690:
686:
681:. Routledge.
678:
669:
660:
651:
642:
633:
611:
599:
592:Venning 2017
587:
580:Jackson 1995
575:
563:
551:. Retrieved
546:
537:
523:Gillmor 2010
518:
507:Base Mérimée
505:
501:
493:
460:
452:West Francia
441:
430:
419:
413:
406:
399:
380:, ca. 1837).
350:
339:
318:
276:
257:
244:
225:
210:
195:
187:West Francia
182:
181:
18:
3349:860s births
3139:Carloman II
2906:Carolingian
2793:Charlemagne
2720:Nibelungids
2553:Carloman →
2471:WikiProject
2286:Immigration
2276:Health care
2138:Agriculture
2090:enforcement
1847:Free France
1816:World War I
1763:Restoration
1750:Late Modern
1620:Middle Ages
1595:Middle Ages
1580:Celtic Gaul
1405:(1852–1870)
1379:(1830–1848)
1348:Louis XVIII
1328:Napoleon II
1269:(1589–1792)
1247:(1422–1453)
1192:Charles VII
1165:(1328–1589)
1039:Charles III
1024:Carloman II
1000:(Charles I)
998:Charlemagne
950:Chlothar IV
905:Sigebert II
895:Chlothar II
880:Chilperic I
870:Charibert I
771:Carloman II
763:Carloman II
687:Ludwigslied
663:. ABC-CLIO.
616:Nelson 2000
478:Carloman II
444:Saint-Denis
421:Ludwigslied
221:Carloman II
197:Ludwigslied
155:Carolingian
96:Carloman II
87:Carloman II
73:Predecessor
3354:882 deaths
3333:Categories
3273:Lothair IV
3249:Lothair IV
3194:Robertians
3110:→ Adalbert
3082:Zwentibold
3016:Lothair II
2650:Grimoald I
2603:, his sons
2573:Arnulfings
2559:Grimoald I
2414:Philosophy
2399:Literature
2311:secularism
2107:Parliament
1902:2005 riots
1852:Liberation
1718:Revolution
1585:Roman Gaul
1570:Prehistory
1526:Journalism
1322:Napoleon I
1302:Louis XVII
1281:Louis XIII
1227:Charles IX
1222:Francis II
1187:Charles VI
1153:Charles IV
1128:Philip III
1118:Louis VIII
1083:Hugh Capet
1076:(987–1328)
1009:Charles II
993:Carloman I
975:Robertians
900:Dagobert I
885:Sigebert I
865:Chlothar I
485:References
310:(in blue).
254:Early life
93:Co-Monarch
64:Coronation
3134:Louis III
3084:→ Godfrey
3002:Ermengard
2989:Lothair I
2834:Theoderic
2783:Pepin III
2683:Pepin III
2659:Theudoald
2597:Ansegisel
2546:Pippinids
2271:Education
2225:Transport
2075:Judiciary
2036:Elections
1990:Mountains
1948:Geography
1694:Louis XIV
1484:Overviews
1359:Louis XIX
1353:Charles X
1296:Louis XVI
1286:Louis XIV
1232:Henry III
1212:Francis I
1207:Louis XII
1182:Charles V
1172:Philip VI
1133:Philip IV
1113:Philip II
1108:Louis VII
1088:Robert II
1019:Louis III
981:(751–987)
930:Clovis IV
910:Clovis II
848:(509–751)
553:29 August
308:Aquitania
183:Louis III
83:Successor
24:Louis III
3240:Louis IV
3212:Louis IV
3152:Carloman
3092:→ Louis
3064:Carloman
3043:Pepin II
3011:Bosonids
2889:Adalhard
2843:Carloman
2755:Carloman
2700:Remigius
2678:Carloman
2601:Pepin II
2461:Category
2394:Language
2306:Religion
2251:Abortion
2205:Taxation
2102:Military
2063:Intersex
2053:Politics
2019:Politics
1821:Interwar
1516:Economic
1511:Language
1496:Timeline
1291:Louis XV
1276:Henry IV
1217:Henry II
1197:Louis XI
1148:Philip V
1123:Louis IX
1103:Louis VI
1098:Philip I
1054:Louis IV
1044:Robert I
1014:Louis II
979:Bosonids
855:Clovis I
747:Louis II
672:. Brill.
466:See also
346:Ribemont
304:Neustria
260:St Denis
165:Louis II
131:Neustria
123:St Denis
111:St Denis
3315:Charles
3282:Louis V
3253:Charles
3183:Francia
3164:Charles
3104:Bernard
3034:Pepin I
3024:Charles
2935:Bernard
2893:Bernhar
2875:Bernard
2821:Lothair
2693:Bernard
2629:Godfrey
2555:Pepin I
2452:Outline
2434:Theatre
2429:Symbols
2389:Gardens
2379:Fashion
2371:Cuisine
2338:Culture
2328:Welfare
2301:Poverty
2239:Society
2215:Tourism
2175:Exports
2148:Banking
2126:Economy
2085:history
1980:Islands
1975:Borders
1608:Francia
1562:Ancient
1540:Regions
1491:History
1476:History
1424:italics
1366:Henry V
1177:John II
1138:Louis X
1093:Henry I
1064:Louis V
1059:Lothair
1049:Rudolph
1004:Louis I
875:Guntram
626:Sources
428:titled
402:Thimeon
150:Dynasty
108:863/865
3299:, sons
3287:Arnulf
3275:, sons
3242:, sons
3222:Rorico
3216:Arnulf
3205:, sons
3108:Ratold
3077:Ratold
3068:Arnulf
2991:, sons
2908:Empire
2877:, sons
2795:, sons
2785:, sons
2697:Jerome
2671:, sons
2621:Arnulf
2615:, sons
2466:Portal
2366:Cinema
2346:Anthem
2318:Racism
2296:People
2190:Mining
2165:Energy
2000:Rivers
1965:Cities
1897:May 68
1468:topics
1465:France
1143:John I
734:
448:lintel
361:Vienne
322:Amiens
232:Vienne
171:Mother
161:Father
137:Burial
37:gisant
3311:Louis
3264:Henry
3256:Louis
3219:Drogo
3161:Pepin
3158:Drogo
3036:, son
2928:, son
2926:Pepin
2862:Pepin
2851:Pepin
2845:, son
2825:Drogo
2812:Pepin
2764:Drogo
2757:, son
2734:Early
2711:, son
2688:Grifo
2652:, son
2632:Pepin
2613:Drogo
2537:Begga
2424:Sport
2409:Music
2404:Media
2261:Crime
1985:Lakes
761:with
736:Died:
729:Born:
418:poem
353:Mâcon
290:Reign
277:When
228:Mâcon
55:Reign
35:1264
3306:Otto
3181:West
3123:sons
3096:Hugh
3087:Otto
3057:sons
3020:Hugh
2968:sons
2884:Wala
2830:Hugh
2516:and
2384:Flag
2170:Euro
2068:LGBT
977:and
555:2024
529:help
326:Boso
215:and
117:Died
105:Born
2356:Art
2080:Law
1034:Odo
731:864
510:),
502:POP
3335::
3132:→
3102:→
3070:→
3066:→
3018:→
3008:→
3004:→
3000:→
2941:→
2937:→
2599:→
2588:→
2561:→
2557:→
545:.
500:,
458:.
332:.
286:.
266:,
208:.
129:,
125:,
3121:,
3055:,
2966:,
2506:e
2499:t
2492:v
1457:e
1450:t
1443:v
1426:.
972:,
802:e
795:t
788:v
557:.
531:)
504:(
376:(
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