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578:(who had inherited William's territory) on 25 July 1137. In this way, Louis VI sought to add the large, sprawling territory of the duchy of Aquitaine to his family's holdings in France. On 1 August 1137, shortly after the marriage, Louis VI died, and Louis became king. The pairing of the monkish Louis and the high-spirited Eleanor was doomed to failure; she reportedly once declared that she had thought to marry a king, only to find she had married a monk. There was a marked difference between the frosty, reserved culture of the northern court in the
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657:. At least 1,500 people who had sought refuge in the church died in the flames. Condemned by the ecclesiastical authorities, Louis removed his armies from Champagne and returned them to Theobald. He accepted Pierre de la Chatre as archbishop of Bourges and shunned Raoul and Petronilla. Desiring to atone for his sins, he declared his intention of mounting a crusade on Christmas Day 1145 at Bourges.
560:
38:
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decreasing likelihood that their marriage would produce a male heir to the throne of France. On 18 May 1152, Eleanor married the Count of Anjou, the future King Henry II of
England. She gave him the duchy of Aquitaine and bore him three daughters and five sons. Louis led an ineffective war against Henry for having married without the authorisation of his
761:
During the fighting the King Louis lost his small and famous royal guard, but he remained in good heart and nimbly and courageously scaled the side of the mountain by gripping the tree roots The enemy climbed after him, hoping to capture him, and the enemy in the distance continued to fire arrows at
879:
just 5 weeks later. To counterbalance the advantage this would give the king of France, Henry II had the marriage of their children (Henry "the Young King" and
Margaret) celebrated at once. Louis understood the danger of the growing Angevin power; however, through indecision and a lack of fiscal and
810:
found an exit clause, declaring that Louis and
Eleanor were too closely related for their marriage to be legal, thus the marriage was annulled on 21 March 1152. The pretext of kinship was the basis for annulment, but in fact, it owed more to the state of hostility between Louis and Eleanor, with a
1029:
disunity by making Henry's sons, rather than Henry himself, the feudal overlords of the
Angevin territories in France. But the rivalry among Henry's sons and Louis's own indecisiveness broke up the coalition (1173–1174) between them. Finally, in 1177, the pope intervened to bring the two kings to
805:
The expedition to the Holy Land came at a great cost to the royal treasury and military. It also precipitated a conflict with
Eleanor that led to the annulment of their marriage. Perhaps the marriage to Eleanor might have continued if the royal couple had produced a male heir, but this had not
1022:, whom he tried to reconcile with Henry II. Louis sided with Becket as much to damage Henry as out of piety—yet even he grew irritated with the stubbornness of the archbishop, asking when Becket refused Henry's conciliations, "Do you wish to be more than a Saint?"
693:
in 1144. In exchange for being recognised as Duke of
Normandy by Louis, Geoffrey surrendered half of the county of Vexin—a region vital to Norman security—to Louis. Considered a clever move by Louis at the time, it would later prove yet another step towards
1045:
in 1179, in the
Capetian tradition (Philip would in fact be the last king so crowned). Already stricken with paralysis, Louis himself could not be present at the ceremony. He died on 18 September 1180 in Paris and was buried the next day at
834:. By 1157, Henry II of England began to believe that Louis might never produce a male heir, and that the succession of France would consequently be left in question. Determined to secure a claim for his family, he sent his chancellor,
652:
decided to side with the pope in the dispute over
Bourges. The war lasted two years (1142–44) and ended with the occupation of Champagne by the royal army. Louis was personally involved in the assault and burning of the town of
535:. The early education of the young Louis anticipated an ecclesiastical career. As a result, he became well learned and exceptionally devout, but his life course changed decisively after the accidental death of his older brother
797:; this ended in disaster and the project was abandoned. Louis decided to leave the Holy Land, despite the protests of Eleanor, who still wanted to help her doomed uncle Raymond. Louis and the French army returned home in 1149.
815:. The result was a humiliation for the enemies of Henry and Eleanor, who saw their troops routed, their lands ravaged, and their property stolen. Louis reacted by coming down with a fever and returned to the Île-de-France.
439:
to the French throne and was crowned as his father's co-ruler. In 1137, he married
Eleanor of Aquitaine and shortly thereafter became sole king following his father's death. During his march, as part of the
888:, who had been attacked by Henry II: Louis entered into the city with a small escort, claiming to be visiting his sister, the countess. Henry declared that he could not attack the city while his
789:, and prevailed upon Louis to help Antioch against Aleppo. But Louis's interest lay in Jerusalem, and so he slipped out of Antioch in secret. He united with King Conrad III of Germany and King
1773:
Laszlovszky, Jozsef (2016). "Local
Tradition or European Patterns? The grave of Gertrude in the Pilis Cistercian Abbey". In Jaritz, Gerhard; Szende, Katalin (eds.).
507:. Later, Louis supported Henry and Eleanor's sons in their rebellion against their father to foment further disunity in the Angevin realms. His second marriage to
487:
Louis' marriage to Eleanor was annulled in 1152 after the couple had produced two daughters, but no male heir. Immediately after their annulment, Eleanor married
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should protect him from the arrows, and to prevent himself from being captured he defended the crag with his bloody sword, cutting off many heads and hands.
582:, where Louis had been raised, and the rich, free-wheeling court life of the Aquitaine with which Eleanor was familiar. Louis and Eleanor had two daughters,
1226:
deals considerably with Louis, seen through Eleanor's eyes and giving her side in their problematic relationship. Louis is one of the main characters in
1100:
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753:, the Turks first bombarded the French with arrows and heavy stones, then swarmed down from the mountains and massacred them. The historian
2019:
733:'s godfather. Relations between the kingdoms of France and Hungary remained cordial long after this time: decades later, Louis's daughter
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military resources in comparison to Henry II, he failed to oppose Angevin hegemony effectively. One of his few successes was a trip to
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in 1131, when Louis unexpectedly became the heir to the throne of France. In October 1131, his father had him anointed and crowned by
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551:, where he built a friendship with the abbot Suger, an advisor to his father who also served Louis during his early years as king.
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became vacant. The king supported the chancellor Cadurc as a candidate to fill the vacancy against the pope's nominee
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Louis was devastated when Constance died in childbirth on 4 October 1160. As he was desperate for a son, he married
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993:(on 29 August and 22 September 1162), Louis definitely gave himself up to the cause of Alexander III, who lived at
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625:, swearing upon relics that so long as he lived, Pierre should never enter Bourges. The pope thus imposed an
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842:. Louis agreed to this proposal, and by the Treaty of Gisors (1158) betrothed the young pair, giving as a
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2005:
412:, one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in western Europe. The marriage temporarily extended the
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20:
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337:
456:, disagreements with Eleanor led to a deterioration in their marriage. She persuaded him to stay in
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Louis and his army finally reached the Holy Land in 1148. His queen Eleanor supported her uncle,
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48:
741:. After receiving provisions from Géza, the armies continued the march to the East. Just beyond
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leaves Louis VII and Henry II in January 1169, illustration from c. 1220–1240, possibly by
989:, the enemy of Frederick I, and after two comical failures of Frederick I to meet Louis at
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The Crisis of the Twelfth Century: Power, Lordship, and the Origins of European Government
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729:. Due to his good relationships with Louis, Géza II asked the French king to be his son
503:. Following Henry's accession as King Henry II of England, these territories formed the
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In the first part of his reign, Louis was vigorous and zealous in the exercise of his
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Foulet, Lucien (1922). "Chapter VIII: Literature". In Tilley, Arthur Augustus (ed.).
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from 1163 to 1165. In return for his loyal support, the pope bestowed upon Louis the
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Louis also tried to weaken Henry by supporting his rebellious sons, and encouraged
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1635:"Franks, Burgundians, and Aquitanians" and the Royal Coronation Ceremony in France
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Walled Towns and the Shaping of France: From the Medieval to the Early Modern Era
1740:
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900:. The viscount was besieged by Louis at Nonette and the county was turned into a
826:. She also failed to supply him with a son and heir, bearing only two daughters,
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544:
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476:, pushed for greater centralisation of the state and favoured the development of
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and eventually returned to France in 1149. Louis' reign saw the founding of the
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More important for English history would be Louis's support for Thomas Becket,
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597:. His accession was marked by no disturbances other than uprisings by the
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1595:. Vol. One, The First Hundred Years. University of Wisconsin Press.
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942: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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of France, to repudiate his wife, Theobald II's sister, and to marry
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1808:
The Past as Text: The Theory and Practice of Medieval Historiography
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to stop the Viscount of Polignac from attacking travelers through
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of Louis VII on two-sided royal seal. Legend: ET DVX AQVITANORVM.
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81:
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was inside, and went home. In 1169, Louis was petitioned by the
1727:
The Plantagenets: The Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England
1171:
847:
1392:
519:. Louis died in 1180 and was succeeded by his son, Philip II.
1042:
978:
851:
843:
838:, to press for a marriage between Margaret and Henry's heir,
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to Jerusalem. He was later involved in the failed siege of
1705:
Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative
1487:
1485:
1483:
1368:
749:, the French army was ambushed by Turks. In the resulting
37:
1775:
Medieval East Central Europe in a Comparative Perspective
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Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen of France, Queen of England
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Bardot, Michael L.; Marvin, Laurence W., eds. (2018).
1524:
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1050:, which he had founded. His remains were moved to the
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1404:
1380:
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1270:
1037:
In 1165, Louis's third wife bore him a son and heir,
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In June 1147, in fulfillment of his vow to mount the
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from 1137 to 1180. His first marriage was to Duchess
1672:
Dunbabin, Jean (2007). "Henry II and Louis VII". In
1509:
1497:
1438:
1419:
574:, Louis VI moved quickly to have his son married to
1693:
1554:
1465:
1317:
423:Louis was the second son of Louis VI of France and
1837:
1282:
675:and Louis VII of France. Image from the Hungarian
1698:. Translated by Napran, Laura. The Boydell Press.
511:also produced two daughters, but his third wife,
2654:
1796:The Papacy, 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation
19:"Louis VII" redirects here. For other uses, see
1781:
1689:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 275–329.
1398:
460:but Louis instead wanted to fulfil his vows of
1687:Medieval France: A Companion to French Studies
648:, sister of the queen of France. As a result,
2013:
1586:
1362:
427:, and was initially prepared for a career in
1599:
1252:
1103:(1158 – August/September 1197), married (1)
800:
431:. Following the death of his older brother,
1772:
1350:
661:assured its popularity by his preaching at
522:
444:in 1147, Louis stayed at the court of King
307:
2020:
2006:
1789:. Translated by Hunt, E. David. Routledge.
985:broke out in 1159, Louis took the side of
613:. He soon came into violent conflict with
527:Louis was born in 1120, the second son of
36:
1787:The Feudal Monarchy in France and England
1057:
958:Learn how and when to remove this message
632:Louis then became involved in a war with
1793:
1671:
1659:
1617:
1491:
1459:
1276:
1264:
1062:Louis' children by his three marriages:
1003:
861:Louis VII receiving clergymen (from the
856:
769:
667:
558:
1802:
1766:Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings
1751:
1702:
1623:The Capetians: Kings of France 987–1328
1570:
1530:
1432:
1374:
1338:
1185:Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
1160:
1116:(4 October 1160 – c. 1220), engaged to
721:, where they were welcomed by the king
705:, Louis and his queen set out from the
400:) to differentiate him from his father
289:
2703:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
2655:
2027:
1835:
1823:
1814:
1684:
1637:. The American Philosophical Society.
1608:
1542:
1447:
1413:
1386:
1323:
328:Margaret, Queen of England and Hungary
263:
65:1 August 1137 – 18 September 1180
2001:
1850:
1763:
1721:
1629:
1518:
1503:
1474:
1311:
1288:
234:
2641:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
940:adding citations to reliable sources
911:
725:, who was already waiting with King
226:
16:King of the Franks from 1137 to 1180
388:(1120 – 18 September 1180), called
13:
1574:(2005). "Chrétien in History". In
14:
2724:
1844:. University of California Press.
1831:. University of California Press.
1810:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
1580:A Companion to Chrétien de Troyes
981:, in southeastern France. When a
127:25 July 1137 – 21 March 1152
2678:Christians of the Second Crusade
1578:; Grimbert, Joan Tasker (eds.).
1208:When Christ and His Saints Slept
1144:(1171 – after 1204), married 1)
1076:(1145 – 11 March 1198), married
916:
737:was taken as wife by Géza's son
547:. He spent much of his youth in
230:
927:needs additional citations for
472:. He and his counsellor, Abbot
285:
259:
222:
42:Effigy of Louis VII on his seal
1665:France in the Making, 943–1180
850:and the surrounding county of
554:
480:, notably the construction of
262: 1154; died
175:18 September 1180 (aged 59–60)
1:
1798:. Cambridge University Press.
1794:Robinson, Ian Stuart (1996).
1759:. Cambridge University Press.
1678:Henry II: New Interpretations
1613:. Princeton University Press.
1237:
1122:William IV, Count of Ponthieu
868:
762:him. But God willed that his
2673:12th-century kings of France
1694:Gislebertus of Mons (2005).
1676:; Vincent, Nicholas (eds.).
1183:, who was nominated for the
907:
886:Raymond V, Count of Toulouse
864:Grandes Chroniques de France
689:, completed his conquest of
570:Following the death of Duke
318:Marie, Countess of Champagne
7:
1768:. Harvard University Press.
1187:. He was also portrayed by
1041:. Louis had him crowned at
781:(15th-century illustration)
717:. Soon they arrived in the
10:
2729:
1667:. Oxford University Press.
1609:Bisson, Thomas N. (2009).
1563:
1085:(1151–1197/1198), married
687:Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou
478:French Gothic architecture
21:Louis VII (disambiguation)
18:
2713:Jure uxoris officeholders
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1979:
1963:
1948:
1941:
1931:
1903:
1895:
1890:
1863:
1815:Turner, Ralph V. (2009).
1703:Hodgson, Natasha (2007).
1593:A History of the Crusades
1365:, pp. 499, 624, 634.
1363:Baldwin & Setton 1969
806:occurred. The Council of
801:A shift in the status quo
713:on the overland route to
609:, who wished to organise
452:. During his stay in the
373:
363:
351:
338:Philip II, King of France
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163:
159:
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131:
123:
107:
97:
87:
69:
61:
47:
35:
30:
1819:. Yale University Press.
1783:Petit-Dutaillis, Charles
1764:Kelly, Amy Ruth (1991).
1674:Harper-Bill, Christopher
1555:Gislebertus of Mons 2005
1253:Bardot & Marvin 2018
1165:Louis is a character in
1020:Archbishop of Canterbury
791:Baldwin III of Jerusalem
634:Theobald II of Champagne
619:archbishopric of Bourges
523:Early life and education
435:, in 1131, Louis became
343:Agnes, Byzantine Empress
2054:List of French monarchs
1851:Wolfe, Michael (2009).
1836:—— (1978).
1602:Louis VII and his World
1138:(22 August 1165 – 1223)
1052:Basilica of Saint-Denis
818:In 1154, Louis married
777:welcoming Louis VII in
707:Basilica of Saint-Denis
646:Petronilla of Aquitaine
515:, gave birth to a son,
499:, to whom she conveyed
333:Alys, Countess of Vexin
323:Alix, Countess of Blois
2560:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
2049:List of Frankish kings
2044:Simplified family tree
1631:Brown, Elizabeth A. R.
1625:. Hambledon Continuum.
1587:Baldwin, Marshall W.;
1179:, he was portrayed by
1058:Marriages and children
1015:
872:
824:Alfonso VII of Castile
782:
768:
751:battle of Mount Cadmus
682:
572:William X of Aquitaine
567:
397:
1855:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1825:Warren, Wilfred Lewis
1804:Spiegel, Gabrielle M.
1152:(1183–1185), then 3)
1150:Andronicus I Comnenus
1007:
860:
773:
759:
727:Conrad III of Germany
671:
638:Raoul I of Vermandois
562:
533:Adelaide of Maurienne
425:Adelaide of Maurienne
378:Adelaide of Maurienne
2039:Detailed family tree
1865:Louis VII of France
1696:Chronicle of Hainaut
1680:. The Boydell Press.
1399:Petit-Dutaillis 1999
1224:Eleanor of Aquitaine
1177:1964 film adaptation
1161:Fictional portrayals
1118:Richard I of England
1105:Henry the Young King
1094:Constance of Castile
1078:Henry I of Champagne
1067:Eleanor of Aquitaine
977:press his claims to
936:improve this article
840:Henry the Young King
820:Constance of Castile
757:gives this account:
709:, first stopping in
659:Bernard of Clairvaux
617:, however, when the
576:Eleanor of Aquitaine
509:Constance of Castile
410:Eleanor of Aquitaine
248:Constance of Castile
211:Eleanor of Aquitaine
193:Saint-Denis Basilica
2475:Henry VI of England
1753:Kaeuper, Richard W.
1377:, pp. 131–134.
1201:. He has a role in
1146:Alexius II Comnenus
1109:Béla III of Hungary
1087:Theobald V of Blois
991:Saint-Jean-de-Losne
846:the Norman city of
822:, daughter of King
787:Raymond of Poitiers
775:Raymond of Poitiers
739:Béla III of Hungary
623:Pierre de la Chatre
482:Notre-Dame de Paris
470:University of Paris
2698:Counts of Poitiers
2693:Dukes of Aquitaine
2622:House of Bonaparte
2532:House of Bonaparte
2462:House of Lancaster
2028:Monarchs of France
1589:Setton, Kenneth M.
1228:Elizabeth Chadwick
1218:The early part of
1136:Philip II Augustus
1129:Adela of Champagne
1016:
987:Pope Alexander III
972:Holy Roman Emperor
877:Adela of Champagne
873:
783:
723:Géza II of Hungary
719:Kingdom of Hungary
683:
673:Géza II of Hungary
568:
529:Louis VI of France
513:Adela of Champagne
446:Géza II of Hungary
368:Louis VI of France
277:Adela of Champagne
80:25 December 1137,
49:King of the Franks
2650:
2649:
2611:Louis Philippe II
2534:(1804–1814; 1815)
1996:
1995:
1992:
1980:Succeeded by
1966:Duke of Aquitaine
1961:
1932:Succeeded by
1885:18 September 1180
1757:Medieval Chivalry
1736:978-0-670-02665-4
1714:978-1-84383-332-1
1644:978-0-871-69827-8
1462:, pp. 53–54.
1314:, pp. 31–33.
1203:Sharon Kay Penman
1198:The Devil's Crown
1032:Vitry-en-Perthois
970:Louis' reign saw
968:
967:
960:
795:siege to Damascus
685:In the meantime,
655:Vitry-en-Perthois
383:
382:
109:Duke of Aquitaine
75:25 October 1131,
2720:
2688:Dukes of Gascony
2605:Louis Philippe I
2596:House of Orléans
2558:House of Bourbon
2486:House of Bourbon
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2015:
2008:
1999:
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1986:
1955:
1949:Preceded by
1896:Preceded by
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1760:
1748:
1729:. Viking Press.
1718:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1668:
1656:
1626:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1583:
1572:Baldwin, John W.
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1478:
1472:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1436:
1430:
1417:
1411:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1351:Laszlovszky 2016
1348:
1342:
1336:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1232:The Summer Queen
1195:TV drama series
1148:(1180–1183), 2)
963:
956:
952:
949:
943:
920:
912:
894:bishop of Le Puy
870:
678:Chronicon Pictum
665:on Easter 1146.
615:Pope Innocent II
564:Equestrian image
541:Pope Innocent II
493:Duke of Normandy
311:
293:
291:
287:
267:
265:
261:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
152:
40:
28:
27:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2635:
2616:
2590:
2552:
2526:
2480:
2455:
2382:House of Valois
2376:
2287:
2248:Charles the Fat
2207:Pepin the Short
2192:
2183:
2059:
2058:
2029:
2026:
1985:
1971:
1969:
1954:
1943:French nobility
1937:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1901:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1737:
1715:
1645:
1591:, eds. (1969).
1576:Lacy, Norris J.
1566:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1510:
1506:, pp. 7–8.
1502:
1498:
1490:
1481:
1473:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1446:
1439:
1431:
1420:
1412:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1330:
1322:
1318:
1310:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1244:
1240:
1222:' biography of
1163:
1154:Theodore Branas
1060:
964:
953:
947:
944:
933:
921:
910:
884:in 1159 to aid
803:
629:upon the king.
557:
545:Reims Cathedral
525:
517:Philip Augustus
347:
305:
304:
296:
295:
283:
279:
269:
257:
253:
250:
240:
220:
216:
213:
195:
176:
150:
119:
79:
57:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2726:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2683:House of Capet
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2468:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2293:House of Capet
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2154:Childebert III
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1993:
1981:
1978:
1962:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1906:King of France
1902:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1891:Regnal titles
1888:
1887:
1870:House of Capet
1867:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1821:
1812:
1800:
1791:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1749:
1735:
1719:
1713:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1669:
1661:Dunbabin, Jean
1657:
1643:
1627:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1584:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1547:
1545:, p. 222.
1535:
1533:, p. 121.
1523:
1521:, p. 126.
1508:
1496:
1494:, p. 168.
1479:
1464:
1452:
1437:
1418:
1416:, p. 294.
1403:
1401:, p. 107.
1391:
1389:, p. 289.
1379:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1341:, p. 202.
1328:
1316:
1293:
1281:
1269:
1267:, p. 383.
1257:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1139:
1125:
1124:
1120:; she married
1111:
1090:
1089:
1080:
1059:
1056:
966:
965:
948:September 2016
924:
922:
915:
909:
906:
802:
799:
703:Second Crusade
636:by permitting
556:
553:
524:
521:
505:Angevin Empire
497:Count of Anjou
448:on the way to
442:Second Crusade
406:King of France
381:
380:
375:
371:
370:
365:
361:
360:
355:
349:
348:
346:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
314:
312:
298:
297:
281:
275:
274:
273:
272:
255:
251:
246:
245:
244:
243:
218:
214:
209:
208:
207:
206:
203:
201:
197:
196:
191:, then (1817)
187:
185:
181:
180:
173:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
157:
156:
153:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
111:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
73:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
51:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2725:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2179:Childeric III
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:Theuderic III
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:Childebert II
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1989:as sole ruler
1984:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1959:
1958:as sole ruler
1953:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1862:
1854:
1849:
1842:
1841:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1619:Bradbury, Jim
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1557:, p. 52.
1556:
1551:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1493:
1492:Bradbury 2007
1488:
1486:
1484:
1477:, p. 20.
1476:
1471:
1469:
1461:
1460:Dunbabin 2007
1456:
1450:, p. 26.
1449:
1444:
1442:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1400:
1395:
1388:
1383:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1359:
1353:, p. 84.
1352:
1347:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1326:, p. 47.
1325:
1320:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1291:, p. 43.
1290:
1285:
1279:, p. 22.
1278:
1277:Robinson 1996
1273:
1266:
1265:Dunbabin 1985
1261:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1214:Devil's Brood
1210:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1169:'s 1959 play
1168:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1048:Barbeau Abbey
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1014:
1013:Matthew Paris
1010:
1009:Thomas Becket
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
973:
962:
959:
951:
941:
937:
931:
930:
925:This section
923:
919:
914:
913:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
866:
865:
859:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
836:Thomas Becket
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
814:
809:
798:
796:
792:
788:
780:
776:
772:
767:
765:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
692:
688:
680:
679:
674:
670:
666:
664:
660:
656:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
580:Île-de-France
577:
573:
565:
561:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
437:heir apparent
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
416:lands to the
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
379:
376:
372:
369:
366:
362:
359:
356:
354:
350:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
315:
313:
310:
309:
303:
299:
278:
271:
270:
249:
242:
241:
212:
205:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:Barbeau Abbey
186:
182:
179:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
148:
144:
140:
137:
134:
130:
126:
122:
117:
116:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
78:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
55:
50:
46:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
2642:
2631:Napoleon III
2609:
2583:
2576:
2545:
2519:
2473:
2465:
2460:
2421:Charles VIII
2326:
2189:Carolingians
2174:Theuderic IV
2164:Chilperic II
2159:Dagobert III
2139:Childeric II
2134:Chlothar III
2079:Childebert I
2065:Merovingians
1988:
1987:
1972:
1964:
1957:
1956:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1904:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1852:
1839:
1828:
1816:
1807:
1795:
1786:
1777:. Routledge.
1774:
1765:
1756:
1726:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1677:
1664:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1582:. DS Brewer.
1579:
1550:
1538:
1531:Spiegel 1997
1526:
1499:
1455:
1435:, p. 9.
1433:Baldwin 2005
1394:
1382:
1375:Hodgson 2007
1370:
1358:
1346:
1339:Kaeuper 2016
1319:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1255:, p. 2.
1231:
1212:
1206:
1196:
1191:in the 1978
1181:John Gielgud
1170:
1167:Jean Anouilh
1164:
1126:
1091:
1064:
1061:
1036:
1024:
1017:
983:papal schism
969:
954:
945:
934:Please help
929:verification
926:
874:
862:
817:
804:
784:
760:
755:Odo of Deuil
700:
684:
676:
631:
595:prerogatives
592:
569:
526:
486:
422:
393:
389:
385:
384:
306:
151:Serving with
113:
25:
2668:1180 deaths
2663:1120 births
2624:(1852–1870)
2598:(1830–1848)
2567:Louis XVIII
2547:Napoleon II
2488:(1589–1792)
2466:(1422–1453)
2411:Charles VII
2384:(1328–1589)
2258:Charles III
2243:Carloman II
2219:(Charles I)
2217:Charlemagne
2169:Chlothar IV
2124:Sigebert II
2114:Chlothar II
2099:Chilperic I
2089:Charibert I
1928:(1179–1180)
1919:(1131–1137)
1707:. Boydell.
1543:Warren 1977
1448:Warren 1978
1414:Bisson 2009
1387:Foulet 1922
1324:Turner 2009
1220:Norah Lofts
1189:Charles Kay
1107:; (2) King
1027:Plantagenet
999:Golden Rose
975:Frederick I
555:Early reign
549:Saint-Denis
390:the Younger
132:Predecessor
115:jure uxoris
88:Predecessor
2657:Categories
2541:Napoleon I
2521:Louis XVII
2500:Louis XIII
2446:Charles IX
2441:Francis II
2406:Charles VI
2372:Charles IV
2347:Philip III
2337:Louis VIII
2302:Hugh Capet
2295:(987–1328)
2228:Charles II
2212:Carloman I
2194:Robertians
2119:Dagobert I
2104:Sigebert I
2084:Chlothar I
1723:Jones, Dan
1519:Kelly 1991
1504:Kelly 1991
1475:Wolfe 2009
1312:Jones 2012
1289:Brown 1992
1238:References
1205:'s novels
890:liege lord
871:1375–1379)
462:pilgrimage
429:the Church
229:;
71:Coronation
2708:Annulment
2578:Louis XIX
2572:Charles X
2515:Louis XVI
2505:Louis XIV
2451:Henry III
2431:Francis I
2426:Louis XII
2401:Charles V
2391:Philip VI
2352:Philip IV
2332:Philip II
2327:Louis VII
2307:Robert II
2238:Louis III
2200:(751–987)
2149:Clovis IV
2129:Clovis II
2067:(509–751)
1970:1137–1152
1935:Philip II
1924:Philip II
1910:1131–1180
1840:King John
1745:27144084M
1230:'s novel
1175:. In the
1054:in 1817.
1030:terms at
908:Diplomacy
808:Beaugency
650:Champagne
642:seneschal
627:interdict
599:burgesses
501:Aquitaine
454:Holy Land
450:Jerusalem
396:(French:
394:the Young
386:Louis VII
142:Successor
102:Philip II
98:Successor
31:Louis VII
2510:Louis XV
2495:Henry IV
2436:Henry II
2416:Louis XI
2367:Philip V
2342:Louis IX
2322:Louis VI
2317:Philip I
2273:Louis IV
2263:Robert I
2233:Louis II
2198:Bosonids
2074:Clovis I
1915:Louis VI
1899:Louis VI
1829:Henry II
1827:(1977).
1806:(1997).
1785:(1999).
1755:(2016).
1725:(2012).
1663:(1985).
1653:1748828M
1633:(1992).
1621:(2007).
1604:. Brill.
1101:Margaret
898:Auvergne
882:Toulouse
828:Margaret
813:suzerain
743:Laodicea
735:Margaret
691:Normandy
611:communes
607:Poitiers
466:Damascus
418:Pyrenees
414:Capetian
402:Louis VI
398:le Jeune
92:Louis VI
2643:italics
2585:Henry V
2396:John II
2357:Louis X
2312:Henry I
2283:Louis V
2278:Lothair
2268:Rudolph
2223:Louis I
2094:Guntram
1983:Eleanor
1975:Eleanor
1952:Eleanor
1564:Sources
793:to lay
779:Antioch
764:cuirass
731:Stephen
696:Angevin
663:Vezelay
603:Orléans
458:Antioch
294:
282:
268:
256:
252:
239:
219:
215:
200:Spouses
155:Eleanor
145:Eleanor
136:Eleanor
82:Bourges
54:more...
2362:John I
1881:
1743:
1733:
1711:
1651:
1641:
1172:Becket
1156:(1204)
1039:Philip
902:prévôt
848:Gisors
698:rule.
681:(1358)
640:, the
537:Philip
433:Philip
404:, was
374:Mother
364:Father
308:Detail
288:
233:
225:
184:Burial
1973:with
1913:with
1883:Died:
1876:Born:
1142:Agnes
1127:With
1092:With
1074:Marie
1065:With
1043:Reims
979:Arles
852:Vexin
844:dowry
747:Honaz
715:Syria
584:Marie
489:Henry
474:Suger
358:Capet
353:House
302:Issue
292:)
284:(
280:
266:)
258:(
254:
237:)
221:(
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178:Paris
124:Reign
77:Reims
62:Reign
2196:and
1878:1120
1731:ISBN
1709:ISBN
1639:ISBN
1211:and
1114:Alys
1083:Alix
995:Sens
832:Alys
830:and
711:Metz
605:and
588:Alix
586:and
531:and
495:and
290:1160
264:1160
235:1152
231:ann.
227:1137
172:Died
167:1120
164:Born
2253:Odo
1193:BBC
938:by
745:at
601:of
543:in
484:.
420:.
392:or
2659::
1741:OL
1739:.
1649:OL
1647:.
1511:^
1482:^
1467:^
1440:^
1421:^
1406:^
1331:^
1296:^
1245:^
1234:.
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491:,
286:m.
260:m.
223:m.
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2191:,
2021:e
2014:t
2007:v
1747:.
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961:)
955:(
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