502:, creating a new company called Robert Heath And Low Moor Ltd. Efforts were made to reduce costs, although this affected quality. Attempts to use high-sulphur coal created serious problems and destroyed the reputation of the works as a supplier of high quality iron, while a slump in heavy industry in the 1920s further reduced demand. The company poured money into attempts to diversify the operations, but did not succeed. In 1928 the company was declared bankrupt, and the Low Moor assets bought by Thos. W. Ward Ltd. Many of the mines, tracks and plant were closed or dismantled. Some buildings were sold or leased to other companies, and some plant was modernised. Wrought iron production finally ended in 1957. As of 1971 new owners were producing alloy steel, making about 350 tons per week.
413:
America, India, and, in fact, all over the world, are the principal manufactures here; but guns (from 32 to 68-pounders) are also made here... Every runlet of water for miles around is damned up to supply the works, and every drop is carefully economised. The great furnaces, with broad, flaring flames rising from them, of course attract attention as the works are approached. In form they resemble an ordinary lime-kiln, and, on the summit, in the midst of the eager flames, are strange-looking wheels–appendages of the machinery by means of which the ironstone and other matters are dragged up an inclined plane on iron waggons to the mouths of the furnaces, which waggons, self-acting, where no living power could perform the office, turn topsy-turvy, and there unload their contents.
483:
491:
continued demand for "Best
Yorkshire Iron" for applications where safety was critically important. In 1888 Low Moor was converted to a limited liability company, although descendants of the founders retained control. The directors planned two new blast furnaces at the New Works, each 70 feet (21 m) high, with capacities of 340 and 240 tons per week. The first came into operation in 1892. In 1905 an electrical power station was built at the New Works, with boilers fired by gas from the blast furnaces. Apart from the heaviest machines, steam drives were replaced by electrical drives. The outbreak of
266:
imported iron but by 1803 using Low Moor pig iron. In 1803 a regiment of volunteers was formed at Low Moor ready to repel the expected French invasion. The works were gradually mechanised. By 1805 there was a self-tipping inclined railway to charge the furnaces, a nail slitting mill, two nose-helve hammers and a plate-rolling mill. As the iron works grew, the company built workers' cottages in the district that took the name of North
Brierley and a hostel for the boys who worked in the pits. The boys were given free clothing and schooling. The company also ran several public houses.
44:
475:
360:
384:, inventing the self-acting motion that made it possible to adjust the force of the blow delivered by the hammer – a critically important improvement. Nasmyth's steam hammers could now vary the force of the blow across a wide range. Nasmyth's first steam hammer was built for the Low Moor Works. They rejected the machine, but on 18 August 1843 accepted an improved version with a self-acting gear. From 1845 to 1856 Robert Wilson was employed by the Low Moor Ironworks. While at Low Moor he improved the steam hammer with the "circular balanced valve". In
28:
318:
51:
223:
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aesthetics. An 1876 description said "the natural effect of the perpetual smoke-canopy under which the vegetation of the district exists is to give to it a dinginess not pleasant to look upon... The appearance created by the works themselves and their surroundings has been not inaptly likened to that in the vicinity of the crater of some volcano."
196:
Most of the land occupied by the iron works was part of the Royds Hall estate. Operation of a coal mine on the estate is mentioned in 1673. In 1744 the owner, Edward Rookes Leeds, began to actively develop the coal mines. About 1780 a wooden railway was built from the Low Moor mines to the coal yard
187:
The ironworks depended on the excellent resources of high-quality coal and iron ore found in the vicinity. The "better bed" coal came from a seam about 18 to 28 inches (460 to 710 mm) thick resting on hard sandstone. This coal is particularly low in sulphur. About 120 feet (37 m) above this
178:
in
Yorkshire, England. The works were built to exploit the high-quality iron ore and low-sulphur coal found in the area. Low Moor made wrought iron products from 1801 until 1957 for export around the world. At one time it was the largest ironworks in Yorkshire, a major complex of mines, piles of coal
490:
The company began to run into difficulty in the late 1880s. Its mines were increasingly scattered and expensive. The rail network had a variety of gauges and used a mix of stationary engines and locomotives. Some of the plant was obsolete and operations were generally inefficient. However, there was
412:
The accumulation of cinders and calcined shale actually overspreads the country, and will soon rival in cubic bulk the mass of the
Pyramids. In some cases the hillocks of rubbish have been levelled, and covered with soil brought from a distance... Iron plates, bars and railway tires, sent to Russia,
230:
Construction of the plant began in June 1790, including blast furnaces and casting shops. The furnaces had square bases, tapering as they rose to about 50 feet (15 m) in height. The two furnaces were blown in on 13 August 1791 and the first casting was made by the forgemen three days later. At
204:
In 1788 the estate was sold to a partnership of
Richard Hird, a country gentleman, John Preston and John Jarratt for £34,000. After some sales of shares the partners were Richard Hird, Joseph Dawson, a minister, and John Hardy, a solicitor. Dawson was interested in metallurgy and chemistry and was
300:
By 1835 the works were handling a growing volume of orders. There was no room to expand in the original site, which was crowded by industrial works, offices and workers houses. Construction started on a new site to the southeast, and in 1836 two oven-topped blast furnaces came into operation there.
407:
By 1863 there were 3,600 employees at the works including 1,993 miners, 420 furnacemen, 770 forgemen and 323 engineers. In 1864 a second steam hammer with an 8-ton ram was installed for heavy forgings. In 1871 a third steam hammer of 7 tons was installed. New rolling mills were also built to meet
404:(1857–58). The arms business declined after this, as the government increasingly took charge of weapons production. The works turned to making weldless railway tyres, steam engine boilers, sugar pans for refineries in the West Indies, water pipes and heavy iron components for industrial purposes.
465:
The Low Moor mines produced about 60,000 tons of ore yearly by 1876. The iron was prized for its uniform and brilliant grain, commanding premium prices. The quality seemed to be due in part to the nature of the ore and coal and in part to the manufacturing process. Production came at the cost of
333:
involved first converting the coal to coke to remove water and sulphur, a process that took 48 hours if done in piles in the yard, or 24 hours if done in ovens. About 32% of the better bed coal would be lost in coking. The ironstone was allowed to weather for some time to free it from shale.
265:
The ironworks were owned by the families of the founders throughout the 19th century, with the addition of the
Wickhams, who married into the Hirds. The annually employed capital grew from £52,000 in 1793 to £250,000 in 1818. The company started to produce wrought iron in 1801, at first using
192:
coal beds lie about 230 yards (210 m) below the better bed. At the time the ironworks were developed recent technological advances had made it practical to smelt iron using coal rather than charcoal and to use steam engines to power the steps in production of iron goods.
179:
and ore, kilns, blast furnaces, forges and slag heaps connected by railway lines. The surrounding countryside was littered with waste, and smoke from the furnaces and machinery blackened the sky. Today Low Moor is still industrial, but the pollution has been mostly eliminated.
395:
The Low Moor company bought the
Bierley Ironworks in 1854. By 1855 Low Moor was producing 21,840 tons of iron per year, and was the largest ironworks in Yorkshire. The foundries at Low Moor produced quantities of guns, shells and shot for troops fighting in the
342:
The ironstone was baked with coke and limestone in a kiln, then emptied into a furnace, from which it came out as ore. This was cast into pigs with crystalline or granular structure, and then refined by cold blast, coming out flaky. There were four
213:
named
Smalley to build the blast engine. Smalley called on Thomas Woodcock to prepare plans for the furnaces, casting houses and other works. Woodcock moved to Low Moor, and was to be architect and general manager until his death in 1833.
417:
In 1868 617,628 tons of Low Moor ironstone were raised, the peak production. In 1876 about 2,000 coal miners were employed in pits ranging in depth from 30 to 150 yards (27 to 137 m) in the surrounding townships of North
Bierley,
231:
first the works produced domestic goods, but soon began producing industrial products including parts for steam engines. In 1795 the company won contracts to provide guns, shot and shells to the government, which had been at war with
338:
to help separate clay from the iron ore. In 1832 it took 9,750 pounds (4,420 kg) of coal, 2,800 pounds (1,300 kg) of limestone and 8,500 pounds (3,900 kg) of ironstone to make 2,240 pounds (1,020 kg) of pig iron.
269:
By the end of the war with France in 1814 the works were producing 33 tons of pig iron weekly. Prices fell for a while as demand slackened after the war, but demand for gas pipes and street lights began to pick up in 1822. The
351:, becoming granular and malleable. The steam hammers forged the glowing iron into malleable slabs, which were rolled into wrought iron plates. Large quantities of slag from the blast furnaces were sold for use in road-making.
301:
In 1842 the company installed a new mill to roll iron plate for engine boilers. In 1843 four pairs of forge hammers were installed, driven by steam engines, and in 1844 the company decided to install one of
392:
in London the ironworks exhibited an enormous cannon. The company also provided samples of ore, coal, pig iron and wrought iron, a smaller gun, a sugar cane mill, an olive mill and an elliptograph.
201:. Soon after, Leeds went bankrupt. The property was twice offered for sale by auction, in December 1786 and October 1787, but no suitable offer was made. Leeds committed suicide in 1787.
531:, a poorly paying position. To make ends meet he also worked as a farmer, teacher, doctor and coal-master. He invested his savings in the Low Moor ironworks, and became a wealthy man.
408:
demand for iron plates in shipbuilding, supplied by slabs forged in the works. By 1867 there were about 4,000 employees. A description of the works at that time said
728:
1573:
1187:
1568:
442:. Thirteen pumping engines were used to drain water from the mines. The company also employed about 800 miners in collieries to the east at
1563:
105:
43:
498:
After the war it was clear that future demand for wrought iron was uncertain. The company was taken over by Robert Heath & Sons of
495:(1914–1918) caused a temporary surge in demand for shell casings and drop forgings, including shoes for the tracks of the first tanks.
209:. He seems to have been the prime mover in the enterprise. The partners planned to found an ironworks, and engaged an engineer from
1578:
226:
Blast furnace for production of pig iron. Later the Low Moor furnaces used self-tipping wagons to deliver ore, coke and limestone.
247:
1511:
1365:
1337:
1309:
1256:
1229:
Round about
Bradford: A Series of Sketches (descriptive and Semi-historical) of Forty-two Places Within Six Miles of Bradford
1209:
1407:
Papers on iron and steel: practical and experimental: a series of original communications made to the Philosophical magazine
737:
239:
per year, from which iron goods were made that ranged from columns used in mill construction to garden furniture.
482:
462:. Minerals were carried to the works by horse-drawn wagons or by wagons on tramways drawn by stationary engines.
188:
coal seam there is a layer of "black bed" coal. The ironstone lies above this layer, holding about 32% iron. The
1558:
1274:
523:
Joseph Dawson came from a poor family, but was helped by a gentleman to attend school and then study at the
1301:
Building the Steam Navy: Dockyards, Technology and the Creation of the Victorian Battle Fleet, 1830–1906
198:
373:
1485:
1503:
History and Description of the Crystal Palace: And the Exhibition of the World's Industry in 1851
431:
189:
1246:
380:'s Bridgewater foundry in Patricroft near Manchester, had improved Nasmyth's 1842 design for a
1528:
1501:
1439:
1405:
1163:
1460:
1355:
1327:
1299:
1227:
1199:
524:
423:
348:
1165:
Official catalogue of the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, 1851 ...
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528:
385:
8:
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474:
259:
1479:
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359:
1181:
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171:
92:
602:
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1507:
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1333:
1305:
1252:
1205:
232:
1013:
767:
694:
612:
597:
573:
561:
206:
1383:
258:. The colliery had closed by May 1807. The waggonway was replaced in 1809 by the
443:
427:
255:
59:
1552:
1424:
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401:
377:
363:
344:
302:
120:
107:
455:
451:
419:
381:
367:
330:
306:
167:
736:. Vol. 1. Yorkshire Archaeological Trust. August 2012. Archived from
27:
492:
439:
435:
397:
1161:
983:
197:
in the centre of Bradford, from where the coal could be carried via the
347:, with the air delivered by powerful steam engines. The iron was then
1527:
1019:
773:
700:
618:
606:
579:
567:
447:
326:
317:
271:
236:
175:
1357:
Class Formation and Urban Industrial Society: Bradford, 1750–1850
335:
235:
since 1793. By 1799 the works were producing about 2,000 tons of
222:
254:
was constructed connecting the colliery to Barnby Basin on the
262:
which ran over much of its trackbed, and operated until 1870.
459:
210:
1444:
The Poetical Works of John Nicholson ... (the Airedale Poet)
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878:
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989:
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706:
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667:
1382:
Murray, John (1867). "Route 34.–Low Moor Ironworks".
1040:
965:
890:
866:
636:
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544:
250:. This mine worked the "Silkstone Seam". In 1802 the
1248:
Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology
624:
929:
730:
Silkstone Waggonway, South Yorkshire: Survey Report
953:
1162:Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851 (1851).
1550:
1329:Nineteenth-century Torpedoes and Their Inventors
1201:The First Industrialists: The Problem of Origins
1462:History of the Steam Hammer: With Illustrations
170:foundry established in 1791 in the village of
1422:
984:Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851 1851
923:
1186:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1458:
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911:
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50:
1574:Manufacturing companies based in Bradford
1437:
1272:
1245:Day, Lance; McNeil, Ian (15 April 2013).
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1121:
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1034:
1020:The Low Moor Company: London Society 1879
1007:
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774:The Low Moor Company: London Society 1879
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701:The Low Moor Company: London Society 1879
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673:
619:The Low Moor Company: London Society 1879
607:The Low Moor Company: London Society 1879
591:
580:The Low Moor Company: London Society 1879
568:The Low Moor Company: London Society 1879
1477:
1430:James Nasmyth Engineer: An Autobiography
1225:
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860:
661:
649:
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481:
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289:For horse-shoe nails, or thund'ring guns
221:
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630:
283:The roaring blast, the quiv'ring flame,
1551:
1499:
1403:
1381:
1354:Koditschek, Theodore (30 March 1990).
1058:
1046:
971:
899:
872:
1332:. Naval Institute Press. p. 77.
1297:
935:
174:about 3 miles (4.8 km) south of
1569:Buildings and structures in Bradford
1385:Handbook for travellers in Yorkshire
1325:
959:
321:Puddling furnace (1881 illustration)
1564:Ironworks and steelworks in England
721:
486:Monument to the Low Moor Iron Works
274:poet John Nicholson wrote in 1829,
13:
1446:. Simpkin, Marshall, & Company
354:
293:No pen can write, no mind can soar
279:When first the shapeless sable ore
14:
1590:
295:To tell the wonders of Low Moor.
281:Is laid in heaps around Low Moor,
478:Low Moor industrial area in 2007
325:The process to convert ore into
287:White as the sun the metal runs,
242:In 1800, the company opened the
49:
42:
26:
1579:History of the City of Bradford
1535:. William Clowes and Sons. 1879
1273:Dodsworth, Charles (May 1971).
1506:. Cambridge University Press.
1360:. Cambridge University Press.
1204:. Cambridge University Press.
517:
285:Give to the mass another name:
1:
1298:Evans, David (January 2004).
1275:"Low Moor Ironworks Bradford"
505:
182:
1500:Tallis, John (19 May 2011).
1326:Gray, Edwyn (January 2004).
1168:Spicer brothers. p. 110
217:
7:
334:Limestone was brought from
10:
1595:
1478:Scoresby, William (1839).
1459:Rowlandson, T. S. (1875).
1226:Cudworth, William (1876).
527:. He became a minister at
469:
312:
252:Low Moor Furnace Waggonway
1481:Magnetical investigations
924:Nasmyth & Smiles 1883
199:Leeds and Liverpool Canal
152:
144:
136:
99:
88:
73:
69:
37:
32:The ironworks around 1855
25:
20:
1438:Nicholson, John (1876).
77:13 August 1791
1410:. J. Weale. p. 901
248:Walter Spencer Stanhope
244:Barnby Furnace Colliery
1529:"The Low Moor Company"
1433:. London: John Murray.
1404:Mushet, David (1840).
1279:Industrial Archaeology
487:
479:
415:
370:
322:
298:
227:
205:a close friend of Dr.
121:53.752762°N 1.768988°W
1559:Industrial Revolution
1440:"Low Moor Iron Works"
1388:. J. Murray. p.
948:Day & McNeil 2013
525:University of Glasgow
485:
477:
410:
362:
320:
276:
225:
529:Idle, West Yorkshire
386:the Great Exhibition
246:on land leased from
233:revolutionary France
126:53.752762; -1.768988
1304:. Conway Maritime.
1198:(30 October 2008).
376:, Works Manager at
260:Silkstone Waggonway
117: /
1061:, p. 409-410.
824:, p. 265-266.
488:
480:
400:(1853–56) and the
390:the Crystal Palace
371:
323:
305:'s newly invented
228:
164:Low Moor Ironworks
93:Low Moor, Bradford
21:Low Moor Ironworks
1513:978-1-108-02671-0
1465:. Palmer and Howe
1367:978-0-521-32771-8
1339:978-1-59114-341-3
1311:978-0-85177-959-1
1258:978-1-134-65020-0
1211:978-0-521-08871-8
1196:Crouzet, François
160:
159:
1586:
1544:
1542:
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1524:
1522:
1520:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1434:
1423:Nasmyth, James;
1419:
1417:
1415:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1322:
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1177:
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1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1073:, p. 56-57.
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
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951:
945:
939:
933:
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876:
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858:
849:
843:
837:
831:
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807:
801:
795:
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783:
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771:
765:
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748:
743:on 11 March 2016
742:
735:
725:
719:
713:
704:
698:
692:
686:
677:
671:
665:
664:, p. 57-58.
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628:
622:
616:
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604:
595:
589:
583:
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571:
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207:Joseph Priestley
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84:
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30:
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17:
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1128:
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1026:
1018:
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1006:
1002:
994:
990:
982:
978:
970:
966:
958:
954:
950:, p. 1318.
946:
942:
934:
930:
922:
918:
912:Rowlandson 1875
910:
906:
898:
891:
883:
879:
871:
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844:
840:
832:
828:
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762:Koditschek 1990
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355:Full production
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5:
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1533:London Society
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1425:Smiles, Samuel
1420:
1401:
1379:
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1310:
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1257:
1242:
1223:
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1192:
1158:
1151:
1150:
1146:Dodsworth 1971
1138:
1134:Dodsworth 1971
1126:
1122:Dodsworth 1971
1114:
1110:Dodsworth 1971
1099:
1095:Dodsworth 1971
1087:
1083:Dodsworth 1971
1075:
1063:
1051:
1049:, p. 411.
1039:
1035:Dodsworth 1971
1024:
1022:, p. 350.
1012:
1008:Dodsworth 1971
1000:
988:
986:, p. 110.
976:
974:, p. 167.
964:
952:
940:
928:
926:, p. 259.
916:
904:
902:, p. 410.
889:
887:, p. 333.
877:
875:, p. 901.
865:
850:
846:Dodsworth 1971
838:
834:Dodsworth 1971
826:
822:Nicholson 1876
814:
810:Dodsworth 1971
802:
798:Dodsworth 1971
790:
786:Dodsworth 1971
778:
776:, p. 351.
766:
754:
720:
716:Dodsworth 1971
705:
703:, p. 347.
693:
689:Dodsworth 1971
678:
674:Dodsworth 1971
666:
654:
635:
623:
621:, p. 343.
611:
609:, p. 344.
596:
592:Dodsworth 1971
584:
582:, p. 345.
572:
570:, p. 346.
560:
542:
534:
533:
515:
514:
507:
504:
471:
468:
356:
353:
345:blast furnaces
329:and then into
314:
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277:
256:Barnsley Canal
219:
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184:
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158:
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101:
97:
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85:
75:
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60:West Yorkshire
57:
48:
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41:
40:
39:
38:
35:
34:
31:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1591:
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1254:
1251:. Routledge.
1250:
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1202:
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1193:
1189:
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1156:
1148:, p. 23.
1147:
1142:
1136:, p. 22.
1135:
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1124:, p. 20.
1123:
1118:
1112:, p. 21.
1111:
1106:
1104:
1097:, p. 19.
1096:
1091:
1085:, p. 18.
1084:
1079:
1072:
1071:Cudworth 1876
1067:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1043:
1037:, p. 17.
1036:
1031:
1029:
1021:
1016:
1010:, p. 16.
1009:
1004:
998:, p. 58.
997:
996:Cudworth 1876
992:
985:
980:
973:
968:
962:, p. 77.
961:
956:
949:
944:
938:, p. 58.
937:
932:
925:
920:
914:, p. 34.
913:
908:
901:
896:
894:
886:
885:Scoresby 1839
881:
874:
869:
863:, p. 59.
862:
861:Cudworth 1876
857:
855:
848:, p. 15.
847:
842:
836:, p. 14.
835:
830:
823:
818:
812:, p. 10.
811:
806:
799:
794:
787:
782:
775:
770:
764:, p. 44.
763:
758:
739:
732:
731:
724:
717:
712:
710:
702:
697:
690:
685:
683:
675:
670:
663:
662:Cudworth 1876
658:
652:, p. 57.
651:
650:Cudworth 1876
646:
644:
642:
640:
633:, p. 82.
632:
627:
620:
615:
608:
603:
601:
593:
588:
581:
576:
569:
564:
558:, p. 56.
557:
556:Cudworth 1876
552:
550:
548:
543:
541:
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530:
526:
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516:
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503:
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500:Staffordshire
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409:
405:
403:
402:Indian Mutiny
399:
393:
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387:
383:
379:
378:James Nasmyth
375:
374:Robert Wilson
369:
365:
364:James Nasmyth
361:
352:
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346:
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332:
328:
319:
310:
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307:steam hammers
304:
303:James Nasmyth
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68:
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45:
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24:
19:
16:
1537:. Retrieved
1532:
1517:. Retrieved
1502:
1489:. Retrieved
1480:
1467:. Retrieved
1461:
1448:. Retrieved
1443:
1429:
1412:. Retrieved
1406:
1393:. Retrieved
1384:
1371:. Retrieved
1356:
1343:. Retrieved
1328:
1315:. Retrieved
1300:
1287:. Retrieved
1282:
1278:
1262:. Retrieved
1247:
1234:. Retrieved
1228:
1215:. Retrieved
1200:
1170:. Retrieved
1164:
1154:
1153:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1090:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1042:
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1003:
991:
979:
967:
955:
943:
931:
919:
907:
880:
868:
841:
829:
817:
805:
800:, p. 9.
793:
788:, p. 7.
781:
769:
757:
745:. Retrieved
738:the original
729:
723:
718:, p. 6.
696:
691:, p. 4.
676:, p. 3.
669:
657:
631:Crouzet 2008
626:
614:
594:, p. 2.
587:
575:
563:
538:
537:
519:
510:
509:
497:
489:
464:
456:Potternewton
452:Osmondthorpe
416:
411:
406:
394:
382:steam hammer
372:
368:steam hammer
341:
331:wrought iron
324:
299:
278:
268:
264:
251:
243:
241:
229:
203:
195:
186:
168:wrought iron
163:
161:
148:Wrought iron
58:Low Moor in
15:
1059:Murray 1867
1047:Murray 1867
972:Tallis 2011
900:Murray 1867
873:Mushet 1840
493:World War I
440:Cleckheaton
436:Hipperholme
422:, Bowling,
398:Crimean War
388:of 1851 at
140:Ironworking
124: /
100:Coordinates
1553:Categories
1484:. p.
1232:. T. Brear
936:Evans 2004
506:References
366:'s patent
183:Background
109:53°45′10″N
81:1791-08-13
1539:14 August
1519:14 August
1491:14 August
1469:11 August
1450:14 August
1414:14 August
1395:14 August
1373:14 August
1345:13 August
1317:12 August
1289:13 August
1264:13 August
1236:14 August
1217:14 August
1182:cite book
1172:14 August
960:Gray 2004
747:10 August
539:Citations
218:Expansion
112:1°46′08″W
95:, England
1427:(1883).
448:Churwell
327:pig iron
272:Airedale
237:pig iron
176:Bradford
172:Low Moor
145:Products
137:Industry
89:Location
1155:Sources
470:Decline
458:, near
444:Beeston
432:Clifton
349:puddled
336:Skipton
313:Process
190:Halifax
153:Defunct
79: (
1510:
1364:
1336:
1308:
1255:
1208:
166:was a
741:(PDF)
734:(PDF)
511:Notes
460:Leeds
424:Shelf
211:Wigan
74:Built
1541:2013
1521:2013
1508:ISBN
1493:2013
1471:2013
1452:2013
1416:2013
1397:2013
1375:2013
1362:ISBN
1347:2013
1334:ISBN
1319:2013
1306:ISBN
1291:2013
1266:2013
1253:ISBN
1238:2013
1219:2013
1206:ISBN
1188:link
1174:2013
749:2019
454:and
438:and
428:Wyke
420:Tong
162:The
156:1920
1486:333
1390:409
1285:(2)
291:...
1555::
1531:.
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1283:18
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1184:}}
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1190:)
1176:.
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83:)
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