33:
190:
485:
1873:
327:
1874:
https://www.google.com/search?q=jason+barr+erica+adams+expand+manhattan&client=firefox-b-1-d&sca_esv=d925498cb48557f7&sca_upv=1&ei=LduTZseBAbOviLMPw5yd2AY&ved=0ahUKEwiHzO7Y2aaHAxWzF2IAHUNOB2sQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=jason+barr+erica+adams+expand+manhattan&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiJ2phc29uIGJhcnIgZXJpY2EgYWRhbXMgZXhwYW5kIG1hbmhhdHRhbkjUKFDqDFiTHHAAeAKQAQCYAWOgAYoIqgECMTK4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgigAv4EwgIEEAAYR8ICCBAAGKIEGIkFwgIIEAAYgAQYogTCAggQIRigARjDBMICChAhGKABGMMEGAqYAwDiAwUSATEgQIgGAZAGBJIHAzcuMaAHjB4&sclient=gws-wiz-serp
204:
461:
West
Washington Street Market, which remained a landfill. The market ultimately closed and the dock was converted to a sanitation facility that was used to load garbage barges headed for the Fresh Kills Landfill. The only section of 13th Avenue that remained was behind the sanitation facility. In 2016, the city began demolishing the Department of Sanitation building as part of a plan for the creation of a new public park on the land.
552:
537:, so creating a new neighborhood referred to as "LoLo" (Lower Lower Manhattan). Chakrabarti and others pointed out challenges to the proposal, which include cost, the strict regulations surrounding building with landfill, and the potential environmental effects of the project. The proposal was revisited in 2015 by author Jon Methven of
570:
The proposal detailed creating 1,760 acres of reclaimed land, named New
Mannahatta, at the tip of Manhattan to provide housing and combat climate change. The plan, named after the indigenous term for Manhattan, would extend the island into New York Harbor beyond the Statue of Liberty. In his New York
460:
West
Washington Market was created in 1887. New York City solved the problem in an unusual way by actually taking away a block of land that was the 1837 landfill that extended Manhattan to 13th Avenue. The controversial decision included condemning many businesses. The city was unable to condemn the
1189:
In 1613...the present location of Pearl Street in Lower
Manhattan is the historic shoreline of the east side of the island...By the late 1600's the City began a process of landfill to extend the island into the East River. By 1730, the eastern edge of Lower Manhattan reached Water Street and by 1780
586:
as examples of the urgent need for action. Historically, Manhattan has expanded through land reclamation, making this proposal a continuation of past practices. Financially, Barr suggests the high real estate values in New York could make the project feasible, using the difference between building
604:
on environmental grounds. Barr, however, replied to critics in another editorial in 2023 Barr stated that to reject the
Manhattan extension on environmental grounds, because we cannot touch the harbor ignores the reality that New York is already engaging in extensive sea-based construction. Barr
605:
gave the example of the US$ 52 billion sea walls and ongoing port dredging. Barr also emphasized that the plan could recreate lost wetlands and increase biodiversity by planting native trees and flowers. Barr's project has subsequently received plenty of support and attention from social media.
1154:
1163:, June 6, 1982. Accessed August 4, 2007. "Construction already is under way on the southern tip of Manhattan...The area was expanded by 1.2 million cubic yards of earth and rock excavated for the foundations of the World Trade Center nearby."
236:
starting from 1855, using earth from street-widening projects in Lower
Manhattan which united Castle Garden's island with the "mainland" of Manhattan. The original shoreline is roughly the modern-day park's eastern boundary at State Street.
514:, which was seen as detrimental to downtown businesses. Thomson made different versions of this idea through the years, forming a "Manhattan Extension" corporation in 1921 with support from prominent former judge and presidential candidate
575:, Barr argues that this extension, incorporating Governors Island, would address rising sea levels and provide 180,000 new homes for 247,000 people. The project would use wetlands to absorb storm surges and protect vulnerable areas.
146:
floor. It is estimated that by the 1970s, 1400 to 2225 acres of the entire
Manhattan landmass, has been created by reclamation. Another estimate is that 3,000 acres, or 29% of the entire land area, had been created by reclamation.
1331:
587:
costs and housing sales to fund the development. He argues that if the city invests billions in flood walls, it should also consider creating more housing. Previous efforts, such as those by former mayor
1827:
387:
In 2021, the City of New York introduced the
Financial District-Seaport (FidiSeaport) Resilience Plan for a 0.9-mile (1.4 km) stretch of what is seen as the most complicated and vulnerable
725:
510:) as "New Manhattan", as well as other ambitious designs such as new Lower New York Bay islands, and filling in and creating new rivers. One of his goals was to halt the historical
1339:
1930:
619:
1887:
1719:
614:
214:
In 1683, the
British built platforms of dirt off the island's southern tip for military defense, and again in 1735 as the Copsey Battery. The remains of
143:
1479:
1173:
691:
Farberov, Snejana (June 16, 2013). "How
Hurricane Sandy flooded New York back to its 17th century shape as it inundated 400 years of reclaimed land".
1413:
1579:
1446:
1361:
1545:
1773:
1759:
1229:
993:
803:
578:
Barr emphasizes the need for large-scale initiatives to tackle New York’s storm surge, flooding, and housing affordability issues, citing
1058:
823:
167:
17:
1512:
1203:
1925:
1126:
936:
Map of the city of New York and island of Manhattan, as laid out by the commissioners appointed by the legislature, April 3d, 1807
228:
just off shore. Construction began in 1808 and the fort was completed in 1811, though modifications continued through the 1820s.
68:. The extension of the island began with European colonialization and continued in the 20th century. Incremental encroachment,
151:
1314:
915:
778:
761:
270:
voted to approve the controversial $ 1.45 billion East Side Coastal Resiliency (ESCR) project, involving the park's complete
85:
32:
1745:
624:
1842:
1636:
430:
634:
1720:
https://pix11.com/news/local-news/manhattan/the-master-plan-how-adding-land-to-manhattan-can-save-nyc-from-storm-surges/
1893:
851:
321:
297:
171:
832:
735:
189:
1860:
1092:
418:
361:
163:
1731:
649:
77:
1659:
1788:
507:
454:
931:
668:
1255:
1546:"Engineer, 87, Asks 4-Decker Avenues; Dr. Thomson Also Would Extend Island Six Miles by Filling Up Bay"
1190:
the island extended to Front Street. South Street was the next and last extension of the infill in 1800
301:
57:
1915:
1813:
1159:
159:
111:
1920:
1026:
499:
462:
373:
343:
339:
335:
107:
253:
229:
41:
644:
525:
A century after Thomson's initial idea, a 2011 proposal by Vishaan Chakrabarti, a professor at
442:
350:
138:, the disposal of waste. By the early 20th century the expansion had obliterated the extensive
952:
751:
181:, which lies off the southern tip of Manhattan, have circulated since the early 20th century.
1395:
1291:
903:
707:
Archaeology Magazine – The Hidden History of New York's Harbor – Archaeology Magazine Archive
673:
Topographical map of the City of New York : showing original water courses and made land
498:
Canadian-American engineer T. Kennard Thomson first made an expansive proposal for "A Really
484:
282:
In the 1960s–1970s, landfill was used in the creation of 92 acres (37 ha) that comprise
267:
115:
103:
1898:
126:. The real estate law mechanism of water lots encouraged commercial land growth through the
1613:
971:
357:
8:
1307:
Artillerists and Engineers: The Beginnings of American Seacoast Fortifications, 1794-1815
727:
Manhattan Water-Bound: Manhattan's Waterfront from the Seventeenth Century to the Present
526:
326:
134:
Charter of 1731. By the 19th century 137 acres (55 ha) of land had been created by
1664:
639:
560:
365:
174:
programs, which involve fortifying and extending the shoreline, are being implemented.
65:
1669:
1587:
1553:
1520:
1487:
1454:
1421:
1369:
1310:
1100:
1066:
1001:
911:
828:
757:
731:
450:
434:
422:
388:
353:
283:
225:
1694:
1480:"Plan to Extend Manhattan Island Six Miles Down the Bay Discussed by Its Promoters"
706:
534:
530:
503:
233:
178:
131:
119:
53:
399:, pumps, and other water management techniques to handle tidal flow, flooding and
989:
629:
579:
515:
490:
446:
426:
381:
263:
49:
37:
286:. The initial 24 acres (9.7 ha) utilized 1.2 million cubic yards (0.92
1861:"Harbor Deepening Information | Port Authority of New York and New Jersey"
588:
519:
369:
356:
proposed a "Seaport City" similar to Battery Park City for the area around the
221:
215:
193:
127:
1909:
1673:
1591:
1557:
1524:
1491:
1458:
1425:
1373:
1104:
1070:
1005:
939:
676:
583:
309:
155:
123:
1043:
879:
372:
proposed creating upwards of 500 feet (150 m) of land reclamation from
1843:"A $ 52 Billion Proposal Aims to Protect New York Harbor from Storm Surges"
511:
474:
296: m) of material from excavations for the construction of the original
208:
1332:"Salt Shed Demolition Clears Way for Public Use of Hudson River Park Pier"
1204:"Bloomberg Wants To Create "Seaport City" To Save NYC From Global Warming"
207:
The Battery (1820s–1850s) and Battery Park City (1970s) extended into the
412:
203:
804:"History on the Half-Shell: The Story of New York City and Its Oysters"
572:
564:
403:
and extend 90 feet (27 m) to 200 feet (61 m) into the river.
400:
396:
392:
377:
360:. In 2019, as part of part of plan to mitigate potential damage due to
271:
249:
139:
61:
592:
245:
56:
has, over time, greatly altered Manhattan Island's shorelines on the
543:, in which he referred to the proposed borough as "Frankenborough".
1760:"Opinion: One Solution to Manhattan's Land Shortage: Just Build It"
1732:"Manhattan Island extension could provide homes for 250,000 people"
1274:"The Financial District and Seaport Climate Resilience Master Plan"
305:
158:(2021), projects along the shoreline have been proposed as part of
135:
81:
69:
1273:
750:
Cantwell, Anne-Marie E.; Wall, Diana diZerega (October 1, 2003).
539:
257:
73:
391:
of shoreline in Lower Manhattan. Construction would incorporate
600:
1774:"Mayor de Blasio's record on climate change: It's complicated"
1032:. National Park Service. May 10, 1960. p. 15 (PDF p. 28).
300:
Additional fill came from other construction projects such as
438:
122:. Encroachment began in the 17th-century Dutch settlement of
1746:"Make NYC more affordable by extending Manhattan: Professor"
1695:"Make More Manhattan: The Extended Version - Skynomics Blog"
488:
T. Kennard Thomson's proposal, "A Really Greater New York",
502:" in 1911, incorporating a lower Manhattan expansion into
417:
Gansevoort Peninsula, located in what is now known as the
994:"A Transformation at the Battery, 21 Years in the Making"
1660:"1,760 Acres. That's How Much More of Manhattan We Need"
620:
Vision 2020: New York City Comprehensive Waterfront Plan
437:
built 1808–1811 in the river, connected by a bridge and
1814:"Vital City | Want More Housing? Expand Manhattan"
1256:"Mayor Bill de Blasio's Plan to Expand Lower Manhattan"
551:
479:
1059:"To Save East River Park, the City Intends to Bury It"
1789:"New York Definitely Doesn't Need a Longer Manhattan"
1637:"Could the City of New York Build a "Sixth Borough"?"
1025:
555:
New Mannahatta Project Proposed By Jason Barr in 2022
1027:"Historic Structures Report, Part I, Castle Clinton"
522:, and continuing advocacy for the rest of his life.
753:
Unearthing Gotham: The Archaeology of New York City
709:. Archive.archaeology.org. Retrieved on 2022-01-18.
598:This proposal was criticized by Willy Blackmore in
198:
Map of the city of New York and island of Manhattan
1894:Watch Manhattan’s Boundaries Expand Over 250 Years
1513:"Realty Board Hearing on Manhattan Extension Plan"
1292:"Why Protect Lower Manhattan from Climate Change?"
625:Manhattan Waterfront Greenway § Storm barrier
84:follow federal regulation and are overseen by the
1931:Unbuilt buildings and structures in New York City
779:"The History of New York, Told Through Its Trash"
776:
529:'s Center for Urban Real Estate, suggested using
1907:
330:The FDR South Street Viaduct abuts the shoreline
240:
1362:"Fill Up the East River to Solve Port Problems"
908:You Are Here: NYC: Mapping the Soul of the City
615:Geography of New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary
218:was used for expansion of the Battery in 1788.
1580:"Visions of a Development Rising From the Sea"
1230:"My New Plan to Climate-Proof Lower Manhattan"
982:
954:The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909
669:"Below Fourteenth Street on Viele (1865) map"
559:A 2022 proposal to expand Lower Manhattan by
266:was built on landfill. In December 2019, the
72:, as well as major infrastructure have added
44:showing land reclamation along the shoreline.
845:
843:
749:
723:
719:
717:
715:
150:In the 21st century, largely in response to
1402:. Vol. 88, no. 1. pp. 60–63.
1093:"What Does It Mean to Save a Neighborhood?"
880:"Lower Manhattan Coastal Resiliency (LMCR)"
777:Kaiser-Schatzlein, Robin (April 24, 2021).
1330:Tcholakian, Danielle (February 19, 2016).
1329:
852:"Manhattan is Expanding Out as well as Up"
315:
1786:
1227:
1090:
1019:
972:"The Changing Shoreline of New York City"
901:
840:
824:The Big Oyster: History on the Half Shell
820:
712:
76:to the island. Since the passage of the
1124:
690:
686:
684:
550:
483:
325:
202:
188:
31:
1840:
1611:
1393:
1201:
1125:Grutzner, Charles (December 24, 1966).
1091:Kimmelman, Michael (December 2, 2021).
1056:
966:
964:
932:"Castle Clinton to Wall Street in 1811"
874:
872:
849:
827:, Random House Publishing Group, 2007,
406:
14:
1908:
1414:"Plan to Extend City 6 Miles Down Bay"
1253:
1202:Robbins, Christopher (June 11, 2013).
1174:Transforming the East River Waterfront
1155:"IN N.Y.C., A $ 1 BILLION DREAM RISES"
988:
950:
756:. Yale University Press. p. 225.
571:Times opinion piece directed at Mayor
1787:Blackmore, Willy (January 14, 2022).
1634:
1577:
1447:"Assured of Fund to Extend Manhattan"
897:
895:
893:
850:Shipler, David R. (August 25, 1971).
681:
334:The East River waterfront shifted to
177:Proposals for expansion encompassing
86:United States Army Corps of Engineers
1841:Barnard, Anne (September 27, 2022).
1657:
1394:Thomson, T. Kennard (January 1916).
1304:
1057:Hanania, Joseph (January 18, 2019).
961:
951:Stokes, Isaac Newton Phelps (1922).
869:
480:Proposals including Governors Island
277:
1658:Barr, Jason M. (January 14, 2022).
910:. Chronicle Books. pp. 73–75.
902:Mendelson, Zoe (November 1, 2016).
635:New York Harbor Storm-Surge Barrier
429:jutting into the Hudson River. The
93:Shoreline circa 1600, based on the
27:Landfilling of Lower Manhattan, NYC
24:
1578:Satow, Julie (November 23, 2011).
1228:de Blasio, Bill (March 13, 2019).
1127:"Hudson Landfill Project to Start"
890:
595:'s shoreline from climate change.
591:, have similarly aimed to protect
508:undergoing land reclamation itself
322:Lower Manhattan Coastal Resiliency
172:Lower Manhattan Coastal Resiliency
48:The expansion of the land area of
25:
1942:
1881:
1635:Amato, Rowley (August 16, 2015).
1612:Methven, John (August 11, 2011).
705:Lobell, Jarrett A.. (2010-07-13)
546:
106:generally ran along contemporary
1309:. CDSG Press. pp. 236–244.
567:called for a "New Mannahatta".
364:to South Street Seaport and the
1926:Port of New York and New Jersey
1867:
1853:
1834:
1820:
1806:
1780:
1766:
1752:
1738:
1724:
1713:
1687:
1651:
1628:
1605:
1571:
1538:
1505:
1472:
1439:
1406:
1387:
1354:
1323:
1298:
1284:
1266:
1254:Barron, Seth (April 17, 2020).
1247:
1221:
1195:
1166:
1147:
1118:
1084:
1050:
1036:
944:
924:
533:to connect lower Manhattan and
468:
142:which once covered much of the
80:all projects which extend into
64:rivers as well as those of the
1828:"East Side Coastal Resiliency"
1044:"East Side Coastal Resiliency"
906:. In Harmon, Katharine (ed.).
814:
796:
770:
743:
699:
661:
650:Sawing-off of Manhattan Island
457:was created 1837 by landfill.
449:was completed in 1812 between
184:
154:(2012) and to a lesser degree
102:The original shoreline on the
78:Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899
13:
1:
1899:The Changing Shoreline of NYC
730:, Syracuse University Press,
724:Buttenwieser, Ann L. (1999),
655:
241:FDR Drive and East River Park
1888:T. Kennard Thomson scrapbook
904:"Mapping a Greater New York"
7:
1614:"Let's Build a New Borough"
1396:"A Really Greater New York"
808:The New York Public Library
608:
274:and subsequent renovation.
164:effects to Manhattan Island
10:
1947:
1179:(Report). City of New York
472:
410:
319:
302:New York City Water Tunnel
1160:The Philadelphia Inquirer
252:shore in the 1930s using
160:climate change adaptation
18:Lower Manhattan expansion
1890:NYPL Digital Collections
1305:Wade, Arthur P. (2011).
821:Kurlanksy, Mark (2007),
463:Little Island at Pier 55
421:at the northern end of
316:South Street-East River
645:Billion Oyster Project
556:
518:as well as the artist
495:
465:is just to the north.
453:and West 12th Street.
342:in 1780, and finally,
331:
232:was mostly created by
211:
200:
45:
1519:. February 12, 1922.
554:
487:
411:Further information:
329:
268:New York City Council
224:was built on a small
216:Fort George/Amsterdam
206:
192:
35:
1699:Building the Skyline
1486:. October 30, 1921.
1453:. October 23, 1921.
1420:. October 20, 1921.
1278:FiDi Seaport Climate
419:Meatpacking District
407:Gansevoort Peninsula
358:South Street Seaport
248:was built along the
118:was roughly today's
52:in New York City by
1748:. January 19, 2022.
1734:. January 18, 2022.
1701:. February 21, 2022
1368:. August 31, 1913.
1342:on November 8, 2017
940:LCN g3804n.ct000812
677:LCN g3804n.ct002003
527:Columbia University
425:, was originally a
114:streets and on the
82:navigable waterways
1847:The New York Times
1665:The New York Times
1584:The New York Times
1552:. April 23, 1952.
1550:The New York Times
1517:The New York Times
1484:The New York Times
1451:The New York Times
1418:The New York Times
1366:The New York Times
1134:The New York Times
1097:The New York Times
1063:The New York Times
998:The New York Times
976:spacetime.nypl.org
856:The New York Times
640:East Shore Seawall
561:Rutgers University
557:
496:
445:to Hubert Street.
366:Financial District
332:
298:World Trade Center
212:
201:
66:Upper New York Bay
46:
1316:978-0-9748167-2-2
917:978-1-61689-549-5
763:978-0-300-09799-3
455:Thirteenth Avenue
451:Gansevoort Street
435:artillery battery
423:Greenwich Village
354:Michael Bloomberg
284:Battery Park City
278:Battery Park City
226:artificial island
97:published in 1865
16:(Redirected from
1938:
1916:Land reclamation
1876:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1338:. Archived from
1327:
1321:
1320:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
992:(May 27, 2015).
986:
980:
979:
968:
959:
958:
948:
942:
938:
928:
922:
921:
899:
888:
887:
876:
867:
866:
864:
862:
847:
838:
837:
818:
812:
811:
800:
794:
793:
791:
789:
774:
768:
767:
747:
741:
740:
721:
710:
703:
697:
696:
688:
679:
675:
665:
580:Superstorm Sandy
563:urban economist
535:Governors Island
504:Governors Island
500:Greater New York
368:, his successor
292:
291:
179:Governors Island
162:to mitigate the
130:of 1686 and the
120:Greenwich Street
54:land reclamation
21:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1921:Lower Manhattan
1906:
1905:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1839:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1797:
1795:
1785:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1496:
1494:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1400:Popular Science
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1303:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1200:
1196:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1055:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1008:
987:
983:
970:
969:
962:
949:
945:
930:
929:
925:
918:
900:
891:
878:
877:
870:
860:
858:
848:
841:
835:
819:
815:
802:
801:
797:
787:
785:
775:
771:
764:
748:
744:
738:
722:
713:
704:
700:
689:
682:
667:
666:
662:
658:
630:Freshkills Park
611:
549:
516:Alton B. Parker
491:Popular Science
482:
477:
471:
447:Fort Gansevoort
415:
409:
382:Brooklyn Bridge
324:
318:
289:
287:
280:
264:East River Park
243:
187:
152:Hurricane Sandy
100:
99:
98:
50:Lower Manhattan
38:Lower Manhattan
36:An 1865 map of
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1944:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1883:
1882:External links
1880:
1878:
1877:
1866:
1852:
1833:
1819:
1805:
1779:
1765:
1751:
1737:
1723:
1712:
1686:
1650:
1627:
1604:
1570:
1537:
1504:
1471:
1438:
1405:
1386:
1353:
1322:
1315:
1297:
1283:
1265:
1246:
1234:The New Yorker
1220:
1194:
1165:
1153:Howe, Arthur.
1146:
1117:
1083:
1049:
1035:
1018:
981:
960:
943:
923:
916:
889:
868:
839:
833:
813:
795:
783:The New Yorker
769:
762:
742:
736:
711:
698:
693:The Daily Mail
680:
659:
657:
654:
653:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
610:
607:
589:Bill de Blasio
548:
547:New Mannahatta
545:
520:Walter Russell
506:(at that time
481:
478:
473:Main article:
470:
467:
408:
405:
370:Bill de Blasio
362:climate change
349:In 2013, then-
317:
314:
279:
276:
242:
239:
222:Castle Clinton
194:Castle Clinton
186:
183:
128:Dongan Charter
92:
91:
90:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1943:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1875:
1870:
1862:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1829:
1823:
1815:
1809:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1775:
1769:
1761:
1755:
1747:
1741:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1716:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1638:
1631:
1615:
1608:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1293:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1175:
1169:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1150:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1039:
1028:
1022:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
990:Dunlap, David
985:
977:
973:
967:
965:
957:. R. H. Dodd.
956:
955:
947:
941:
937:
933:
927:
919:
913:
909:
905:
898:
896:
894:
885:
881:
875:
873:
857:
853:
846:
844:
836:
834:9780345476395
830:
826:
825:
817:
809:
805:
799:
784:
780:
773:
765:
759:
755:
754:
746:
739:
737:9780815628019
733:
729:
728:
720:
718:
716:
708:
702:
694:
687:
685:
678:
674:
670:
664:
660:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
606:
603:
602:
596:
594:
590:
585:
584:Hurricane Ida
581:
576:
574:
568:
566:
562:
553:
544:
542:
541:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
493:
492:
486:
476:
466:
464:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:North Battery
428:
424:
420:
414:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
328:
323:
313:
311:
310:Kill Van Kull
307:
303:
299:
295:
285:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
238:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
217:
210:
205:
199:
196:in 1811 from
195:
191:
182:
180:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:Hurricane Ida
153:
148:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
124:New Amsterdam
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
96:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
1903:
1869:
1855:
1846:
1836:
1822:
1808:
1796:. Retrieved
1792:
1782:
1768:
1754:
1740:
1726:
1715:
1703:. Retrieved
1698:
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1663:
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1583:
1573:
1561:. Retrieved
1549:
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1516:
1507:
1495:. Retrieved
1483:
1474:
1462:. Retrieved
1450:
1441:
1429:. Retrieved
1417:
1408:
1399:
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1365:
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1340:the original
1335:
1325:
1306:
1300:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1260:City Journal
1259:
1249:
1237:. Retrieved
1233:
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1207:
1197:
1188:
1181:. Retrieved
1168:
1158:
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1133:
1120:
1108:. Retrieved
1096:
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1062:
1052:
1038:
1021:
1009:. Retrieved
997:
984:
975:
953:
946:
935:
926:
907:
884:www1.nyc.gov
883:
859:. Retrieved
855:
822:
816:
807:
798:
786:. Retrieved
782:
772:
752:
745:
726:
701:
692:
672:
663:
599:
597:
577:
569:
558:
538:
524:
512:march uptown
497:
489:
475:Collect Pond
469:Collect Pond
459:
427:spit of land
416:
386:
374:South Street
348:
344:South Street
340:Front Street
336:Water Street
333:
293:
281:
262:
244:
220:
213:
209:Hudson River
197:
176:
166:by improved
149:
101:
94:
47:
29:
1798:January 18,
1679:January 16,
1597:January 18,
1563:January 18,
1530:January 18,
1497:January 18,
1464:January 18,
1431:January 18,
1379:January 18,
1346:November 7,
1239:January 19,
1213:January 19,
1183:January 19,
1139:January 20,
1110:January 19,
1076:January 19,
861:January 18,
788:January 19,
413:Sapohanikan
254:embankments
230:The Battery
185:The Battery
140:oyster beds
132:Montgomerie
42:14th Street
1910:Categories
1011:August 14,
656:References
573:Eric Adams
565:Jason Barr
443:breakwater
401:stormwater
397:floodgates
393:floodwalls
380:south the
378:East River
320:See also:
272:demolition
250:East River
168:resilience
1705:April 12,
1674:0362-4331
1616:. The Awl
1592:0362-4331
1558:0362-4331
1525:0362-4331
1492:0362-4331
1459:0362-4331
1426:0362-4331
1374:0362-4331
1208:Gothamist
1105:0362-4331
1071:0362-4331
1006:0362-4331
593:Manhattan
531:land fill
376:into the
346:in 1800.
338:in 1730,
246:FDR Drive
116:West Side
104:East Side
95:Viele Map
1643:July 15,
1639:. Curbed
1620:July 15,
1336:DNA Info
609:See also
306:dredging
304:and the
234:landfill
136:landfill
70:landfill
540:The Awl
433:was an
308:of the
258:pilings
144:estuary
74:acreage
1793:Curbed
1672:
1590:
1556:
1523:
1490:
1457:
1424:
1372:
1313:
1103:
1069:
1004:
914:
831:
760:
734:
601:Curbed
112:Cherry
58:Hudson
40:below
1177:(PDF)
1130:(PDF)
1030:(PDF)
439:jetty
389:reach
351:mayor
108:Pearl
1800:2022
1707:2022
1681:2022
1670:ISSN
1645:2016
1622:2016
1599:2022
1588:ISSN
1565:2022
1554:ISSN
1532:2022
1521:ISSN
1499:2022
1488:ISSN
1466:2022
1455:ISSN
1433:2022
1422:ISSN
1381:2022
1370:ISSN
1348:2017
1311:ISBN
1241:2022
1215:2022
1185:2022
1141:2022
1112:2022
1101:ISSN
1078:2022
1067:ISSN
1013:2015
1002:ISSN
912:ISBN
863:2022
829:ISBN
790:2022
758:ISBN
732:ISBN
582:and
494:1916
256:and
110:and
62:East
60:and
1912::
1845:.
1791:.
1697:.
1668:.
1662:.
1586:.
1582:.
1548:.
1515:.
1482:.
1449:.
1416:.
1398:.
1364:.
1334:.
1276:.
1258:.
1232:.
1206:.
1187:.
1157:,
1132:.
1099:.
1095:.
1065:.
1061:.
1000:.
996:.
974:.
963:^
934:,
892:^
882:.
871:^
854:.
842:^
806:.
781:.
714:^
683:^
671:,
395:,
384:.
312:.
290:10
260:.
170:.
88:.
1863:.
1849:.
1830:.
1816:.
1802:.
1776:.
1762:.
1709:.
1683:.
1647:.
1624:.
1601:.
1567:.
1534:.
1501:.
1468:.
1435:.
1383:.
1350:.
1319:.
1294:.
1280:.
1262:.
1243:.
1217:.
1143:.
1114:.
1080:.
1046:.
1015:.
978:.
920:.
886:.
865:.
810:.
792:.
766:.
695:.
441:/
294:^
288:×
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.png)