264:(1973–1978) the jirga was recognized as a common meeting of regional Pashtun leaders. The meetings do not have scheduled occurrences, but rather are called for when issues or disputes arise. There is no time limit for a jirga to conclude, and the meetings often take time because decisions can only be made as a group and arguments can drag out for days. Various issues can be addressed such as major disaster, foreign policy, declaration of war, the legitimacy of leaders, and the introduction of new ideas and laws.
3132:
426:, people who committed pillage, and people who committed theft of public property. Additionally, nomads, refugees, intellectuals, representatives of cultural institutions, representatives of social organizations, and religious scholars were all in attendance. Of the remaining seats, a total of 160 seats were allocated to women.
941:) of around 2,400 people to demolish houses of left-leaning political opponents. To make the tribal jirga to submit to a financial compromise, the district administration had to call in elite security force, and make victim submit to demand of 1 million rupees plus four rams as reparation from victim and his clan.
296:
arbiters in local conflicts, interlocutors in state policy-making, tax-collectors, heads of village and town councils and delegates to provincial and national jirgas as well as delegates to
Parliament. The mediator hears from each of the two sides and then he forms a Jirga of community elders, taking
959:
In another 2020 June incident in Sindh
Pakistan, police struggled to clamp down on a jirga which declared two sisters to be ignoble 'Karis' fined father of the girls for one million rupees plus ordered killing of the sisters (an outlawed but prevalent practice of declaring 'Kari's-literal black spot
918:
According to correspondent I.A. Rehman, In
January 2019 Pakistani government law officials from provinces and federal confirmed governments-made commitments to Supreme Court of Pakistan to not to allow Panchayat and Jirga platforms for illegal practices of violating fundamental constitutional rights
877:
will benefit. The
Alternative Dispute Resolution Act, 2017 of Pakistan makes provision for selection of neutral observing arbitrator from Government approved panel agreed by parties. If a dispute is resolved amicably the court will formalize judgement, and if not parties can choose to opt-in further
902:
ruled that, beyond permissible limits of the law to the extent of acting as arbitration, mediation, negotiation or reconciliation forums between parties involved in a civil dispute who willingly consent to the same; rest of practices and attempts by Jirgas to adjudicate on civil or criminal matters
417:
More than 1,000 of the participants were elected in a two-stage procedure. Each district elected 20 members, who then elected one person who would represent the entire district in a secret vote. At least one member was allocated to each of the country's 362 districts, with an additional seat being
409:
was organized by the interim administration of Hamid Karzai, with about 1,600 delegates, some of the delegates were selected during elections which were held in various regions of the country, and other delegates were selected by members of various political, cultural, and religious groups. It was
1006:
in order to defend the rights of the
Pashtuns in the country. The critical issues which were faced by the Pashtuns were discussed during the jirga in a bid to suggest solutions to them. The Bannu Jirga endorsed the declarations of two earlier Pashtun Jirgas, one of which was organized on 10 March
872:
As per 2017 political dispensation in
Government, unofficial Jirga and Panchayats are very popular among masses, so formal recognition of the same will help make the system more transparent and responsible, while left leaning political dispensations in opposition expressed their apprehension that
882:
the bill's provisions allowing the government to appoint "neutrals" to each jirga not being sufficient since the so-called "neutrals", who must approve their verdicts would most likely be consisting of retired judges and religious scholars of conservative nature and that will put principle of
1292:
was a transgression against international principles and the fundamental right to life of the people along the banks; the Indus should be rerouted to its original watercourse, and the Indus Water
Apportionment Accord of 1991 should be revised to grant the Pashtun region a status of owner and
930:
In
January 2018, Basit Mahmood criticized 2017 Pakistan act for Alternative Dispute Resolution saying that it creates scope for a parallel justice system which eventually can undermine states' authority. As per Dilawar Wazir's June 2020 news report in Pakistani news daily
1273:
The draconian laws under the Action (in Aid of Civil Power) Regulation must be immediately abolished in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, all the safety, security and administrative powers be entrusted to the civil administration, and intelligence agencies must stop interfering in
972:
The Sindh High Court imposed a ban on the holding of jirgas in April 2004 because of the sometimes inhumane sentences which were imposed on people, especially on women and men who married of their own free will. The ban, however, has been ignored.
1628:
Report of a
Mission to Yarkund in 1873, Under Command of Sir T. D. F., ... With Historical and Geographical Information Regarding the Possessions of the Ameer, Etc. [By H. W. Bellew, E. F. Chapman, H. Trotter and Others. With Photographic
903:
is not lawful, and that unlawful practices of Jirgas are violate Articles 4, 8, 10-A, 25 and 175(3) of the Constitution of Pakistan, and also that "operation of jirgas/ panchayats, etc violates Pakistan's international commitments under the
297:
care to include the supporters of both sides. The jirga then considers the case and, after it discusses the matter, it comes to a decision about how to handle it, which the mediator then announces. The jirga's conclusion is binding.
915:, which place a responsibility on the state of Pakistan to ensure that everyone has access to courts or tribunals, (and all people) are treated equally before the law and in all stages of procedure in courts and tribunals".
367:
to remove her veil in order to gain support for his modernizing policies. However, this was too much for the delegates, some of whom instigated a revolt. Resistance against Amanullah's reforms eventually led to the
855:
in Pakistan's restive southern tribal agencies bordering Afghanistan, jirgas played a key role of moderator between the government and the militants. The tradition of jirga has also been adopted by Muslims in the
912:
2167:"Justice rolls in Kashmir, Afghan-style - Jilted, sheep stolen' Some people in the Valley never go to police but pin faith on a time-tested tribal system to settle disputes and redress grievances"
937:
and subsequent editorial, district administration in Pakistan's tribal area was struggling to see one Ahmadzai Wazir tribe avoids to implement its jirga ruling of raising a parallel armed force (
1321:
should be proclaimed the Pashtun region's national, official and educational language, while speakers of the region's other languages should also have access to education in their native tongues
2430:
61:
social code. It is conducted in order to settle disputes among the Pashtuns, but also by members of other ethnic groups who are influenced by them in present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan.
829:
in cases of criminal conduct, but this usage is being replaced by formal courts in some settled areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan, elsewhere it is still used as courts in tribal regions.
1296:
The jirga called for an immediate end to the occupation of the forests, mountains, lands and natural resources of the Pashtun region by the Pakistani military and government agencies
232:
In Afghan society, the jirga is still maintained and favored, mostly by tribal leaders to solve internal or external disputes with other tribes. In some cases it functions like a
401:. This was only possible because in the fall of 2001, Karzai was able to successfully lead one of the largest tribes in southern Afghanistan in a revolt against the rule of the
3019:
1564:
832:
The jirga holds the prestige of a court in the tribal areas of Pakistan. Although a political agent appointed by the national government maintains law and order through the
4592:
3732:
606:. The members of the Cyprus initiative, however, considered themselves closer to the Afghan people and regard the Rome group as too close to the long-isolated nobility.
1881:
2567:
2006:
1782:
1281:
is rich in natural resources including water and natural gas, but the Pashtuns are kept deprived in Pakistan; control over these resources needs to be regained
680:
1835:
956:(punishment) for her brother's alleged disliked relation with his cousin, the Jirga's attempt was foiled by a close relative of the boy with help of police.
236:. When the Afghans took power they tried to legitimize their hold with such a jirga. While in the beginning only Pashtuns were allowed to participate in the
2534:
908:
2692:
123:
or animals to be hunted for food or sport. Pashtun elders also typically sit in a circle when debating and hearing a given dispute during a tribal jirga.
3632:
836:(FCR), the actual power lies in the jirga. The political agent maintains law and order in his tribal region with the help of jirgas. The jirga can award
2624:
885:
Basit Mahmood also criticizes United Kingdom's donor agency Department for International Development for funding of misogyny protecting ADR tribunals.
2957:
2441:
2727:
591:
119:(originally meaning rank and order), referring to a large assembly of men forming a very broad circle, initially intended for laying siege around
2166:
693:– held to decide the fate of 400 Taliban prisoners accused of serious crimes, who were supposed to be freed as part of the Afghan peace process.
3343:
3118:
726:
2404:
4198:
3167:
2098:
1856:
761:
522:
1206:
This jirga should be an independent entity, and a committee of cooperation should be established to implement its decisions and objectives
2972:
976:
An all-female jirga or a Khwaindo jirga (a "sister's council") was held in Pakistan, and it had a total of 25 members. It was headed by
422:, people who were suspected of being involved in the illegal drug trade, people who committed human rights abuses, people who committed
4602:
895:
272:
The community council meaning is often found in circumstances involving a dispute between two individuals; a jirga may be part of the
3333:
2585:
1803:
1354:, and demanded that all historical trade routes along the line be ensured for trade and free movement of people without any paperwork
68:
or a "great council" has been convened in order to elect a new head of state, approve a new constitution or resolve critical issues.
1556:
4351:
579:, and it reflected the interests of moderate Pashtuns from Afghanistan. The Rome initiative called for fair elections, support for
418:
allocated for every 22,000 people. No one was barred from the meeting with the exception of people who were accused of engaging in
410:
held in a large tent on the grounds of the Kabul Polytechnic on June 11 and it was scheduled to last about a week. It formed a new
4597:
3318:
3106:
1347:
1106:
1328:
and said that an independent, transparent and inclusive mechanism should be made for a new census under international principles
4536:
2895:
1533:
2462:
2387:
3906:
3348:
904:
1981:
1936:
1877:
1267:
If the Pakistani courts refuse to attend these inquiries, a mechanism should be set up to investigate these damages through
2967:
2962:
2720:
2642:
4526:
4521:
4451:
3449:
2660:
1261:
756:
composing all Pashtun territories of British India, instead of being made to join either India or Pakistan. However, the
1703:
1176:
leaders were part of the Bannu Jirga. The resolutions were also endorsed by several Afghan political leaders, including
4627:
4546:
3444:
3353:
3323:
1669:
1604:
644:
541:
411:
2697:
2553:
2334:
4622:
4587:
3888:
3722:
3652:
3607:
3391:
3044:
2998:
2520:
2352:
2056:
2035:
1975:
1903:
1748:
1778:
1727:
4516:
3637:
3597:
3459:
3301:
3160:
2664:
1661:
1289:
669:– at Kabul, in which around 2,500 Afghan elders approved the presence of a limited number of US forces beyond 2014.
369:
2135:
2002:
1831:
4607:
4577:
4215:
4025:
3712:
3491:
3434:
3386:
3358:
3236:
3231:
2713:
1388:
1373:
760:
refused to comply with the demand of this resolution, in response to which the Khudai Khidmatgars boycotted the
3196:
3024:
810:
787:
621:
auspices, established the Afghan Interim Authority and paved the way for the later jirgas that established the
531:
495:
116:
4250:
3697:
3617:
3612:
3454:
3439:
3311:
2084:
1197:
1154:
1066:
663:– at Kabul, in which around 1,600 delegates of all ethnic groups attended for a peace talks with the Taliban.
4582:
3664:
3659:
3622:
3486:
3338:
1230:
614:
4572:
4418:
3841:
3788:
3642:
3478:
3429:
3153:
1254:
1234:
1110:
861:
622:
452:
2143:
4551:
3647:
3381:
1146:
833:
17:
2231:
4617:
4090:
3960:
3201:
2917:
2177:
1967:
1817:
899:
280:, choosing someone such as a senior religious leader, a local notable, or a mediation specialist (a
4612:
4531:
4346:
3768:
3737:
3558:
3417:
3090:
2890:
2750:
2171:
1588:
State and Tribe in Nineteenth-century Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826-1863)
1082:
952:) attempted ruling to give up a 13-year-old minor girl in marriage to a 41-year-old married man as
252:
were mostly members of the royal family, religious leaders and tribal leaders of the Afghans. King
883:
neutrality upside down and with a substantially effect on the lives of women across the Pakistan.
4491:
4461:
4441:
4235:
3803:
3717:
3580:
3464:
3286:
3256:
3085:
3049:
3003:
2934:
1393:
1325:
659:
2109:
964:
many times for alleged compromising on expectations of modesty and chastity out of suspicions).
4511:
4481:
4423:
4230:
3834:
3827:
3751:
3727:
3680:
3627:
3296:
3291:
3281:
3266:
3188:
3180:
2850:
2736:
1932:
1414:
1138:
989:
919:
of women by honour killings, wani, swara, karo kari, and that the governments are committed to
798:
777:
464:
88:
31:
2505:
1638:= "unting cirlce," with power to punish according to rule those who infringed its regulations.
1626:
1586:
4541:
4313:
4130:
3881:
3798:
3783:
3707:
3702:
3553:
3328:
3075:
2929:
2775:
2770:
2765:
1957:
1651:
1339:, and a mechanism should be put in place so that Afghan governments and their powers are not
1304:
1226:
1150:
1046:
1038:
874:
633:– Afghan president Hamid Karzai said that he and the Pakistani president will jointly lead a
455:. Originally planned to last ten days, the assembly endorsed the charter by January 4, 2004.
1679:
has the basic meaning of "rank," "order," "row," "column," and is used in that sense in the
498:
rapidly deteriorated over a dispute, officially declared that it did not recognize the 1893
3850:
3778:
3570:
3397:
3276:
3070:
3029:
2949:
2795:
1492:
1477:
1118:
1016:
1202:
Some of the most important demands of the Pashtun National Jirga, 11–14 March 2022, were:
8:
4388:
4115:
4105:
4100:
4060:
3980:
3773:
2785:
1268:
1142:
1126:
1032:
1012:
783:
599:
576:
551:
527:
509:
485:
475:
261:
257:
4466:
4456:
4293:
4070:
4030:
4015:
4005:
3985:
3855:
3403:
3261:
3112:
2977:
1300:
1243:
1042:
1003:
837:
741:
733:
684:
676:
652:
337:
273:
96:
81:
752:, which demanded that the Pashtuns be given a choice to have an independent state of
4506:
4496:
4398:
4341:
4110:
4040:
3990:
3965:
3246:
2993:
2922:
2912:
2907:
2878:
2840:
2815:
2810:
2760:
2755:
2493:
2078:
1971:
1665:
1600:
1312:
1257:(IDPs) be resettled in their area and homes and be fully compensated for their losses
1130:
1050:
233:
1525:
1446:
1340:
1264:
should be set up to look into the extent of damages done to the Pashtuns in Pakistan
4471:
4446:
4408:
4283:
4205:
4150:
4145:
4020:
3955:
3934:
3874:
3271:
3211:
3080:
3034:
2885:
2873:
2845:
2780:
2675:
About this Collection | Country Studies | Digital Collections | Library of Congress
2535:"Afghanistan's situation: Pakhtun Qaumi Jirga urges govt to revisit foreign policy"
1336:
1094:
1070:
1058:
1054:
960:
on honour of the family or community – subjectable to severe punishments including
933:
790:
749:
708:
2606:
203:(summit) comprised elders and tribal chiefs. The king also joined sessions of the
99:
to discuss the critical issues faced by the Pashtuns in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
4486:
4476:
4273:
4178:
4173:
4165:
4095:
4010:
3950:
3929:
3216:
2607:"بنو کې د پښتنو قامي جرګه څلورمې ورځ ته وغځېده؛ پرېکړې او غوښتنې دوشنبې اعلانېږي"
1961:
1926:
1731:
1472:
1308:
1165:
1114:
806:
444:
438:
390:
384:
42:
2376:
1687:
came to mean "battue," "hunting circle," or an "incircling movement" in warfare.
679:
in Kabul, held to agree a common approach to peace talks with the Taliban, amid
4501:
4298:
4258:
4220:
4193:
4055:
3975:
3763:
3692:
3251:
2902:
2865:
2835:
2830:
2820:
2435:
1683:, the Mongols' own account of the rise of their empire. By extension, however,
1482:
1436:
1378:
1250:
1210:
1185:
1161:
977:
949:
857:
780:
618:
363:
of his reign (1919–1929) to discuss reforms, during which King Amanullah asked
352:
253:
120:
2568:"Afghan leaders support Pashtun ethnic jirga in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa"
4566:
4303:
4288:
4140:
4065:
3995:
3924:
3496:
3241:
3206:
2668:
1756:
1699:
1487:
1440:
1335:
should be organized in Afghanistan to form an inclusive government through a
1169:
1122:
1102:
1028:
994:
On 11–14 March 2022, the Pashtun National Jirga, or Bannu Jirga, was held at
961:
953:
814:
729:
602:. Critics of the Cyprus initiative suspected that it served the interests of
595:
318:
245:
172:
112:
73:
4413:
4393:
4210:
4125:
4085:
4075:
4050:
4045:
4000:
3914:
3226:
3065:
2805:
1657:
1365:
1278:
1181:
1177:
1098:
1090:
1086:
753:
737:
394:
364:
282:
241:
53:) is an assembly of leaders that makes decisions by consensus according to
2687:
2674:
2027:
1761:
162:
The institution, which is centuries old, is a similar idea to the Islamic
4403:
4308:
4268:
4183:
4135:
4120:
3866:
3793:
3363:
3221:
3176:
2855:
2705:
1724:
1592:
1382:
1369:
1351:
1285:
1214:
1134:
1078:
1062:
757:
499:
276:
mechanism in such cases. The disputants would usually begin by finding a
54:
655:. The Taliban was invited to take part in this jirga, but they declined.
4278:
4263:
4225:
4035:
3919:
3521:
3516:
3306:
3145:
3136:
2825:
2800:
2790:
2482:"Pakhtun jirga asks govt to take action against all terrorist networks"
1497:
1468:
1427:
1408:
1222:
1218:
1158:
1020:
722:
2586:"Pashtun National Jirga Bannu Issues its 25 points charter of Demands"
4155:
4080:
3970:
3531:
2431:"President Asif Ali Zardari's security chief killed in bazaar attack"
1596:
1398:
1239:
1074:
1024:
740:(Faqir of Ipi), and other tribal chiefs, just seven weeks before the
423:
419:
277:
3131:
2481:
2309:
2284:
2259:
1832:"Loya jirga approves U.S.-Afghan security deal; asks Karzai to sign"
583:
as the foundation of the Afghan state, and respect for human rights.
550:– To ratify a new constitution of the Republic of Afghanistan under
76:
in the early 18th century. In July 1747, Afghan chiefs assembled in
3897:
3808:
3541:
3526:
3501:
3039:
2408:
2202:
1432:
1008:
995:
848:
647:, President Hamid Karzai announced to move ahead with a plan for a
333:
292:
77:
58:
1925:
Ali Shah, Sayyid Vaqar (1993). Marwat, Fazal-ur-Rahim Khan (ed.).
4366:
3592:
3511:
2939:
1454:
1173:
852:
841:
687:
and over 3,200 delegates attended. The Taliban refused to attend.
610:
565:
402:
356:
84:, who is credited with founding the modern state of Afghanistan.
2625:"Parties convene Jirga to defend rights of Pashtuns in Pakistan"
889:
809:
in September 2006 to announce that a case would be filed in the
179:, practiced a sort of jirga system with two types of councils –
4188:
3546:
3536:
3506:
1318:
844:
to death in case of adultery, or expulsion from the community.
587:
554:, amendments includes providing for multiple political parties.
256:
institutionalized the jirga. From Amanullah until the reign of
2066:. September 26, 2006. Archived from the original on 2012-06-07
72:
have reportedly been organized since the rise to power of the
2428:
2136:"Baloch jirga to form supreme council to implement decisions"
1424:
1404:
999:
920:
826:
714:
580:
218:
176:
164:
92:
568:
rule. Little communication took place between each of them.
3563:
1465:
1461:
1450:
1420:
603:
572:
2521:"Pakhtun Qaumi Jirga seeks end to meddling in Afghanistan"
2057:"Baloch chiefs to approach International Court of Justice"
867:
925:
248:
were allowed to participate as well. The member of the
87:
From 11 to 14 March 2022, the inaugural meeting of the
2405:"Women challenge men in Pakistan's first female jirga"
2285:"Ahmadzai Wazir tribe convenes jirga to raise Lashkar"
1904:"Loya Jirga Approves Release of 400 Taliban Prisoners"
1019:(ANP), while the other was hosted on 7 August 2021 in
681:
negotiations between the Taliban and the United States
2643:"Jirga in Bannu discusses problems faced by Pashtuns"
2554:"Jirga blames neighbours for meddling in Afghanistan"
2463:"Nationalist parties convene jirga on Pakhtun issues"
1857:"Afghanistan Opens Loya Jirga To Discuss Peace Talks"
878:
formal judicial administration for their grievances.
336:
was attended by Afghan representatives who appointed
2335:"Jirga's attempt to give young girl in Swara foiled"
1242:, Hanif Pashteen, Owais Abdal, Qazi Tahir and other
212:
205:
197:
189:
181:
4593:
Politics of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas
1878:"Politicians Express Mixed Reactions to Loya Jirga"
1346:The jirga vehemently rejected the Pakistani-built
767:
290:). In tribal Pashtun society, the maliks serve as
3020:Race in the United States criminal justice system
2958:List of wrongful convictions in the United States
2688:Pakistan court bans all trials under Jirga system
896:National Commission on the Status of Women (NCSW)
4564:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
2402:
2158:
1956:
1725:"Resolving the Afghan-Pakistan Border Question"
518:– A meeting with Pakistan over the Durand Line.
3119:List of death row inmates in the United States
2693:Afghan women push for inclusion in Peace Jirga
2429:Jennifer Rowland; Bailey Cahall (2013-07-11).
2164:
1213:should be set up to investigate the deaths of
983:
980:which helped 11 women get justice as of 2013.
80:to elect a new king, choosing the 25-year-old
3882:
3161:
2721:
2353:"Karokari: Police order action against Jirga"
1818:"Afghan jirga to call for peace with Taliban"
1511:
890:Contested justice and human rights violations
2203:"Alternate Dispute Resolution Bill approved"
1804:"Afghan jirga seen as 'last hope' for peace"
1554:
967:
813:regarding the sovereignty and rights of the
762:1947 North-West Frontier Province referendum
502:border any longer between the two countries.
217:was a sort of rural council. In present-day
145:
131:
2973:Overturned convictions in the United States
2398:
2396:
1324:The jirga rejected the fake results of the
1198:Pashtun National Jirga § The 25 points
3896:
3889:
3875:
3168:
3154:
2735:
2728:
2714:
2028:"Grand jirga in Kalat decides to move ICJ"
1935:: Emjay Books International. p. 256.
847:In the recent military operations against
458:
267:
2388:SHC seeks official version against jirgas
2307:
1779:"Karzai To Unveil Afghan Cabinet In Days"
351:In September 1928, a jirga was called by
157:
3175:
2659:This article contains material from the
2552:Shah, S. Muddasir Ali (August 8, 2021).
2393:
2200:
1963:Culture, Conflict, and Counterinsurgency
1924:
1299:A united Pashtun province consisting of
764:for merging the province into Pakistan.
540:– To ratify the new constitution of the
3374:
3302:Reforms of Amānullāh Khān and civil war
3107:Capital punishment in the United States
2601:
2599:
1557:"To Save Afghanistan, Look to Its Past"
1253:should be presented before courts, and
868:Alternative Dispute Resolution Act 2017
820:
478:to confirm his accession to the throne.
14:
4565:
2479:
2257:
2232:"Pakistan's Jirgas and Women's Rights"
2134:Akbar, Malik Siraj (October 4, 2006).
1749:"Musharraf, Karzai to lead Loya jirga"
1738:, Kabul, (accessed December 12, 2009).
1649:
1584:
736:, members of the Provincial Assembly,
488:to approve neutrality in World War II.
451:was convened in Kabul to consider the
3870:
3149:
2709:
2519:Kakar, Javed Hamim (March 11, 2020).
2518:
2282:
2253:
2251:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2196:
2194:
2133:
926:Instances of jirga judicial overreach
786:offered to arrange a meeting between
637:to end a dispute over border attacks.
414:that took office shortly thereafter.
321:in Shari Safa near Kandahar in 1709.
126:In Pashto, a grand jirga is known as
2968:List of miscarriage of justice cases
2963:List of exonerated death row inmates
2596:
2560:
2551:
2332:
2146:from the original on August 18, 2021
463:Some other historical jirgas in the
2661:Library of Congress Country Studies
2003:"Leading News Resource of Pakistan"
1884:from the original on 10 August 2020
1555:Jon Krakauer (September 11, 2009).
1262:truth and reconciliation commission
894:In a January 2019 on petition from
702:
530:establishing one-party rule in the
526:– Approved the new constitution of
146:
132:
46:
24:
2301:
2248:
2219:
2191:
1653:The Royal Hunt in Eurasian History
1417:, North Indian equivalent of jirga
873:weaker sections will suffer while
609:The most significant was based in
564:movements anticipating the end of
542:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
429:
375:
343:
324:
305:
27:Assembly of Pashtun tribal leaders
25:
4639:
4603:Politics of Balochistan, Pakistan
3045:Ineffective assistance of counsel
2999:National Registry of Exonerations
2681:
2480:Report, Bureau (March 11, 2020).
2108:. October 3, 2006. Archived from
1760:. October 1, 2006. Archived from
1536:from the original on May 23, 2019
948:report, a jirga (a type of quasi
240:, later other ethnic groups like
3130:
2556:– via Pajhwok Afghan News.
2523:– via Pajhwok Afghan News.
1662:University of Pennsylvania Press
1526:"Q&A: What is a loya jirga?"
1225:, and all the Pashtuns murdered
617:. This agreement was made under
221:, they are still referred to as
3713:Opium production in Afghanistan
2635:
2617:
2578:
2545:
2527:
2512:
2473:
2455:
2422:
2381:
2369:
2345:
2333:Khan, Ahtesham (13 June 2020).
2326:
2276:
2127:
2091:
2049:
2038:from the original on 2009-10-11
2020:
2009:from the original on 2012-01-12
1995:
1984:from the original on 2019-12-19
1950:
1939:from the original on 2019-12-19
1918:
1896:
1870:
1849:
1838:from the original on 2019-06-02
1824:
1810:
1796:
1785:from the original on 2016-03-03
1706:from the original on 2010-03-10
1567:from the original on 2021-05-08
1389:All India Pakhtoon Jirga-e-Hind
1288:from its natural course by the
171:It is thought that the ancient
4598:Politics of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
4547:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
2403:Khurram Shahzad (2013-07-11).
1771:
1741:
1736:Journal of Afghanistan Studies
1717:
1692:
1643:
1619:
1578:
1548:
1464:equivalent of jirga of mainly
1423:equivalent of jirga of mainly
1168:, and numerous other Pashtun,
811:International Court of Justice
512:to approve a new constitution.
496:Afghanistan-Pakistan relations
300:
175:tribes, also known as Arya or
13:
1:
2283:Wazir, Dilawar (2020-06-06).
2165:Muzaffar Raina (2006-10-30).
2099:"Jirga rejects mega projects"
1504:
1067:Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party
825:The jirga was also used as a
508:– A meeting of 452 called by
3633:Current provincial governors
3487:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
2258:Rehman, I. A. (2019-07-11).
1928:Afghanistan and the Frontier
1880:. TOLO News. 7 August 2020.
1255:internally displaced persons
1107:National Democratic Movement
615:Bonn Agreement (Afghanistan)
453:proposed Afghan Constitution
370:Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)
102:
7:
4419:Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
3025:Innocent prisoner's dilemma
2698:Jirga system in tribal life
2201:Reporter, A. (2017-01-19).
2005:. Daily Times. 2006-04-29.
1614:(from Mongolian, 'circle')…
1358:
1007:2020 at Bacha Khan Markaz,
984:2022 Pashtun National Jirga
862:Indian-administered Kashmir
697:
683:. The jirga was chaired by
623:Constitution of Afghanistan
474:– A jirga of 286 called by
412:Transitional Administration
213:
206:
198:
190:
182:
168:("consultative assembly").
10:
4644:
4552:War in North-West Pakistan
4512:Afghan War of Independence
3794:Pashtunwali (Pashtun life)
3733:Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline
1906:. TOLO News. 9 August 2020
1650:Allsen, Thomas T. (2011).
1585:Noelle, Christine (1997).
1195:
1191:
987:
834:Frontier Crimes Regulation
706:
436:
382:
140:). A mini-jirga is called
29:
4628:Government of Afghanistan
4432:
4379:
4359:
4335:
4322:
4249:
4164:
4091:Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai
3961:Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai
3943:
3905:
3821:
3759:
3750:
3688:
3679:
3588:
3579:
3477:
3425:
3416:
3202:Indus Valley civilisation
3187:
3127:
3099:
3058:
3012:
2986:
2948:
2918:Eyewitness identification
2864:
2743:
2083:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1968:Stanford University Press
1834:. CNN. 17 November 2013.
1781:. Rferl.org. 2009-12-06.
1730:October 12, 2008, at the
1385:of the Afghan legislature
1235:police forces in Pakistan
968:Historic jirgas and women
900:Supreme Court of Pakistan
4623:Judiciary of Afghanistan
4588:Court system of Pakistan
4347:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
3430:Administrative divisions
3091:Innocence Protection Act
2751:Prosecutorial misconduct
2665:United States government
2629:Asian News International
2572:Asian News International
2310:"When jirgas abet crime"
2308:Editorial (2020-06-08).
1960:; Zellen, Barry (2014).
1368:("People's Jirga"), the
1303:, South Pashtunkhwa (in
1083:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
880:Basit Mahmood criticizes
613:, which resulted in the
586:The second was based in
4492:Second Anglo-Afghan War
4462:Third Battle of Panipat
4442:First Battle of Panipat
4352:People's Peace Movement
4236:Yusuf Khan and Sherbano
3287:Second Anglo-Afghan War
3257:Third Battle of Panipat
3086:Equal Protection Clause
3004:Investigating Innocence
2935:Tampering with evidence
1859:. RFE/RL. 29 April 2019
1394:Afghan Peace Jirga 2010
1381:("Elders' Jirga"), the
1326:2017 Census of Pakistan
721:was held consisting of
571:The first was based in
532:Republic of Afghanistan
459:Other historical jirgas
268:Functioning methodology
4608:Culture of Afghanistan
4578:Society of Afghanistan
4424:Anti-Pashtun sentiment
4231:Adam Khan and Durkhani
3364:Second Islamic Emirate
3297:Kingdom of Afghanistan
3292:Third Anglo-Afghan War
3282:First Anglo-Afghan War
3267:Emirate of Afghanistan
3217:Yabghus of Tokharistan
2851:Spoliation of evidence
2737:Miscarriage of justice
2539:The News International
2467:The News International
2034:. September 22, 2006.
1933:University of Michigan
1767:on September 27, 2007.
1702:. Wolas.beepworld.de.
1449:, the Kurultai of the
1443:equivalent of a jirga
1246:should all be released
1147:Pakistan Muslim League
1139:Pakistan Peoples Party
990:Pashtun National Jirga
776:In April 2006, former
673:April 29 – May 3, 2019
598:of his father-in-law,
465:history of Afghanistan
359:near Kabul, the third
158:Origin and historicity
89:Pashtun National Jirga
32:Jirga (disambiguation)
3344:First Islamic Emirate
3076:Right to a fair trial
2930:Misinformation effect
2776:Selective enforcement
2771:Malicious prosecution
2766:Selective prosecution
2375:SBLR 2004 Sindh 918;
2260:"Jirga space slashed"
1632:. 1875. p. 153.
1401:, meaning "sanctuary"
1315:should be established
1284:The diversion of the
1196:Further information:
1151:Muhammad Khan Sherani
1047:Abdul Rahim Ziaratwal
1039:Mahmood Khan Achakzai
713:On June 21, 1947, in
643:– after his disputed
397:elected to oversee a
340:as their new leader.
4199:northern Afghanistan
4011:Najib Khan Yousafzai
3450:Environmental issues
3398:Graveyard of empires
3387:Arabs in Afghanistan
3071:Exculpatory evidence
3050:Prosecutor's fallacy
3030:Blue wall of silence
3013:Contributing factors
2950:Wrongful convictions
2667:publications in the
1493:Presumption of guilt
1399:Nanawatai (nanawate)
1269:international courts
1155:Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
1119:Awami National Party
1017:Awami National Party
821:Quasi-legal function
30:For other uses, see
4583:Society of Pakistan
4522:Waziristan campaign
4389:Pashtun nationalism
4116:Mohammad Najibullah
3404:Wars in Afghanistan
3324:Democratic Republic
2796:Abuse of discretion
2786:Attorney misconduct
2744:Types of misconduct
2438:: The AfPak Channel
1629:Illustrations.]
1411:equivalent of jirga
1290:Ghazi-Barotha canal
1244:political prisoners
1143:Sardar Yaqoob Nasar
1127:Mazdoor Kisan Party
1033:Mazdoor Kisan Party
1013:Asfandyar Wali Khan
944:As per a June 2020
784:Taj Muhammad Jamali
600:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
577:Mohammed Zahir Shah
552:Mohammad Najibullah
528:Mohammed Daoud Khan
510:Mohammed Zahir Shah
486:Mohammed Zahir Shah
476:Mohammed Nadir Shah
262:Mohammed Daoud Khan
258:Mohammed Zahir Shah
4573:Dispute resolution
4467:Battle of Nowshera
4457:Battle of Gulnabad
4360:Religious-military
4294:Ahmad Shah Durrani
4031:Malalai of Maiwand
4016:Dost Mohammad Khan
4006:Ahmad Shah Durrani
3986:Aimal Khan Mohmand
3981:Kalu Khan Yusufzai
3723:Telecommunications
3693:Afghani (currency)
3608:Leadership Council
3392:European influence
3262:Dost Mohammad Khan
3197:Pre-Islamic period
3113:Batson v. Kentucky
3059:Norms and remedies
2978:Wrongful execution
2896:Child sexual abuse
2590:The Pakistan Daily
2504:has generic name (
2357:www.thenews.com.pk
1374:Afghan legislature
1301:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1043:Nawab Ayaz Jogezai
1004:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
838:capital punishment
742:Partition of India
734:Khudai Khidmatgars
685:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf
677:Bagh-e Bala Palace
653:Taliban insurgency
594:, a member of the
338:Ahmad Shah Durrani
274:dispute resolution
97:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
82:Ahmad Shah Durrani
4560:
4559:
4542:Soviet–Afghan War
4527:Second Waziristan
4507:Siege of Malakand
4497:Battle of Maiwand
4399:Afghan (ethnonym)
4375:
4374:
4342:Khudai Khidmatgar
4111:Abdul Ahad Momand
4041:Abdur Rahman Khan
4026:Victor of Maiwand
3991:Darya Khan Afridi
3864:
3863:
3817:
3816:
3746:
3745:
3675:
3674:
3638:Foreign relations
3473:
3472:
3412:
3411:
3247:Siege of Kandahar
3143:
3142:
2994:Innocence Project
2923:Cross-race effect
2913:Eyewitness memory
2908:Mistaken identity
2879:Forced confession
2841:Witness tampering
2816:Legal malpractice
2811:Gaming the system
2761:Police corruption
2756:Police misconduct
2649:. March 12, 2022.
2592:. March 14, 2022.
2574:. March 17, 2022.
2541:. August 8, 2021.
2469:. March 12, 2022.
2174:- Calcutta, India
1958:H Johnson, Thomas
1341:forcefully seized
1131:Farhatullah Babar
1051:Abdul Qahar Wadan
560:– Four different
447:, a 502-delegate
234:town hall meeting
16:(Redirected from
4635:
4618:Pashtun politics
4532:Mohmand campaign
4517:Afghan Civil War
4482:First Afghan War
4472:Battle of Jamrud
4447:Battle of Chausa
4409:Bannu Resolution
4336:Citizens' groups
4333:
4332:
4284:Abdul Hamid Baba
4206:Pashtun clothing
4151:Manzoor Pashteen
4146:Malala Yousafzai
4021:Wazir Akbar Khan
3935:Barakzai dynasty
3891:
3884:
3877:
3868:
3867:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3757:
3756:
3686:
3685:
3586:
3585:
3423:
3422:
3372:
3371:
3359:Islamic Republic
3319:Daoud's Republic
3277:Afghan–Sikh Wars
3272:Battle of Jamrud
3232:Islamic conquest
3212:Greater Khorasan
3170:
3163:
3156:
3147:
3146:
3135:
3134:
3100:Related concepts
3081:Actual innocence
3035:Racial profiling
2886:False accusation
2874:False confession
2846:Brady disclosure
2781:Abuse of process
2730:
2723:
2716:
2707:
2706:
2651:
2650:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2489:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2440:. Archived from
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2400:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2339:Tribune Pakistan
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2228:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2180:on June 23, 2007
2176:. Archived from
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2115:on July 16, 2012
2114:
2103:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2061:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2032:The Dawn Edition
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1794:
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1775:
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1766:
1753:
1745:
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1715:
1714:
1712:
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1696:
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1616:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1532:. July 1, 2002.
1522:
1337:general election
1157:(JUI), Chief of
1095:Afrasiab Khattak
1071:Manzoor Pashteen
1059:Nasrullah Zayrai
1055:Obaidullah Babat
946:Tribune Pakistan
791:Pervez Musharraf
750:Bannu Resolution
709:Bannu Resolution
703:1947 Bannu jirga
667:17 November 2013
445:14 December 2003
317:was gathered by
260:(1933–1973) and
216:
209:
201:
193:
185:
149:
148:
135:
134:
64:Historically, a
48:
21:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4613:Pashtun culture
4563:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4434:
4428:
4381:
4371:
4355:
4331:
4318:
4274:Khushal Khattak
4245:
4179:Pashtun cuisine
4174:Pashtun culture
4160:
3951:Alauddin Khilji
3939:
3930:Durrani dynasty
3901:
3900:-related topics
3895:
3865:
3860:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3813:
3742:
3671:
3575:
3469:
3408:
3370:
3354:War (2001–2021)
3237:Mongol invasion
3183:
3174:
3144:
3139:
3129:
3123:
3095:
3054:
3008:
2982:
2944:
2860:
2739:
2734:
2703:
2684:
2655:
2654:
2641:
2640:
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2622:
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2350:
2346:
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2327:
2318:
2316:
2306:
2302:
2293:
2291:
2281:
2277:
2268:
2266:
2256:
2249:
2240:
2238:
2236:thediplomat.com
2230:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2199:
2192:
2183:
2181:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2132:
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2118:
2116:
2112:
2101:
2097:
2096:
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2075:
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2067:
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2054:
2050:
2041:
2039:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2012:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1985:
1978:
1970:. p. 154.
1955:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
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1811:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1788:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1732:Wayback Machine
1722:
1718:
1709:
1707:
1700:"Mirwais Neeka"
1698:
1697:
1693:
1672:
1648:
1644:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1607:
1599:. p. 368.
1583:
1579:
1570:
1568:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1524:
1523:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1361:
1251:missing persons
1231:fake encounters
1227:extrajudicially
1200:
1194:
1166:Parvesh Shaheen
1115:Maulana Khanzeb
992:
986:
970:
928:
892:
870:
823:
774:
772:for Balochistan
711:
705:
700:
691:7–9 August 2020
651:to discuss the
461:
441:
439:2003 loya jirga
435:
387:
385:2002 loya jirga
381:
349:
330:
311:
303:
270:
160:
105:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4641:
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4580:
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4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4537:Tribal revolts
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4502:Tirah campaign
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4452:Malandari Pass
4449:
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4266:
4261:
4259:Amir Kror Suri
4255:
4253:
4247:
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1664:. p. 26.
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1186:Amrullah Saleh
1162:Gul Alam Wazir
1111:Khadim Hussain
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815:Baloch people
812:
808:
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800:
797:for peace in
796:
792:
789:
785:
782:
779:
771:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
748:declared the
747:
743:
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735:
731:
730:Dr Khan Sahib
728:
724:
720:
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710:
692:
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641:December 2009
639:
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596:Islamic Party
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492:July 26, 1949
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319:Mirwais Hotak
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113:Middle Mongol
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74:Hotak dynasty
71:
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40:
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4414:Kalabagh Dam
4394:Pashtunistan
4240:
4211:Pashto media
4131:Ashraf Ghani
4126:Hamid Karzai
4086:Faqir of Ipi
4076:Sartor Faqir
4051:Soraya Tarzi
4046:Mahmud Tarzi
4001:Mahmud Hotak
3966:Ibrahim Lodi
3920:Suri dynasty
3915:Lodi dynasty
3842:Bibliography
3643:Human rights
3602:
3598:Constitution
3479:Demographics
3227:Hindu Shahis
3111:
3066:Legal ethics
2806:False arrest
2702:
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2658:
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2206:
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2117:. Retrieved
2110:the original
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2063:
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1997:
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1872:
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1851:
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1826:
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1755:
1743:
1735:
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1694:
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1658:Philadelphia
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1569:. Retrieved
1560:
1550:
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1529:
1366:Wolesi Jirga
1332:
1201:
1182:Haneef Atmar
1178:Hamid Karzai
1164:, historian
1099:Bushra Gohar
1091:Latif Afridi
1087:Mohsin Dawar
1037:
993:
975:
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945:
943:
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805:was held at
802:
794:
775:
769:
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745:
738:Mirzali Khan
718:
712:
690:
672:
666:
658:
648:
640:
634:
630:
561:
557:
547:
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523:January 1977
521:
515:
505:
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484:– Called by
481:
471:
462:
448:
442:
431:
416:
406:
398:
395:Hamid Karzai
388:
377:
365:Queen Soraya
360:
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127:
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108:
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91:was held in
86:
69:
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63:
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38:
36:
4487:Ambela Pass
4433:Battles and
4404:Durand Line
4309:Kabir Stori
4269:Rahman Baba
4184:Pashtunwali
4136:Arfa Siddiq
3956:Bahlul Lodi
3944:Key figures
3445:Earthquakes
3222:Turk Shahis
3177:Afghanistan
2856:Civil wrong
2140:Daily Times
2064:India eNews
1723:Agha Amin,
1593:Milton Park
1383:upper house
1370:lower house
1352:Durand Line
1305:Balochistan
1293:stakeholder
1286:Indus River
1215:Usman Kakar
1135:Ahmad Kundi
1079:Wranga Loni
1063:Arfa Siddiq
799:Balochistan
778:Balochistan
758:British Raj
645:re-election
590:and led by
500:Durand Line
332:A jirga at
301:Afghanistan
70:Loya jirgas
55:Pashtunwali
4567:Categories
4380:Topics and
4314:Ghani Khan
4299:Hamza Baba
4279:Nazo Tokhi
4264:Pir Roshan
4226:Loya jirga
4106:Daoud Khan
4101:Zahir Shah
4071:Bacha Khan
4061:Nadir Shah
4036:Saidu Baba
3603:Loya jirga
3522:Nuristanis
3334:since 1992
3329:Soviet war
3307:Saqqawists
2826:Show trial
2801:Entrapment
2791:Bad apples
2647:Mashriq TV
2611:BBC Pashto
2448:2013-11-26
2415:2013-11-26
2362:2020-06-27
2319:2020-06-27
2294:2020-06-27
2269:2020-06-27
2241:2020-06-27
2212:2020-06-27
2184:2013-11-26
2150:August 18,
2106:The Nation
2070:2007-07-11
2042:2007-07-11
2013:2013-04-15
1988:2019-08-18
1943:2019-08-18
1863:2019-07-14
1842:2016-12-27
1789:2013-04-15
1710:2013-04-15
1571:2014-10-29
1505:References
1498:Show trial
1469:Jat people
1455:Hungarians
1428:Jat people
1350:along the
1333:loya jirga
1223:Arman Loni
1219:Arif Wazir
1159:Waziristan
1021:Hashtnagar
898:judgement
840:, such as
803:loya jirga
795:loya jirga
770:loya jirga
746:loya jirga
723:Bacha Khan
719:loya jirga
649:loya jirga
635:loya jirga
562:loya jirga
538:April 1985
449:loya jirga
432:loya jirga
424:war crimes
407:loya jirga
399:loya jirga
378:loya jirga
361:loya jirga
346:loya jirga
327:loya jirga
315:loya jirga
308:loya jirga
138:lōya jərga
128:loya jirga
66:loya jirga
18:Loya jirga
4477:Herat War
4435:conflicts
4156:Ali Wazir
4096:Wali Khan
4081:Umra Khan
3971:Gaju Khan
3907:Dynasties
3769:Education
3738:Transport
3559:Languages
3532:Qizilbash
3460:Volcanoes
3418:Geography
1910:10 August
1888:10 August
1597:Routledge
1415:Panchayat
1240:Ali Wazir
1075:Mir Kalam
1025:Charsadda
875:feudalism
788:President
675:– at the
660:June 2010
516:July 1974
420:terrorism
133:لویه جرګه
107:The word
103:Etymology
3851:Category
3809:War rugs
3804:Religion
3789:Olympics
3718:Taxation
3581:Politics
3542:Turkmens
3527:Pashtuns
3502:Farsiwan
3465:Wildlife
3382:Timeline
3375:By topic
3181:articles
3040:Loophole
2987:Advocacy
2494:cite web
2409:Fox News
2314:DAWN.COM
2289:DAWN.COM
2264:DAWN.COM
2207:DAWN.COM
2144:Archived
2079:cite web
2036:Archived
2007:Archived
1982:Archived
1937:Archived
1882:Archived
1836:Archived
1783:Archived
1728:Archived
1704:Archived
1565:Archived
1534:Archived
1530:BBC News
1447:Kurultáj
1433:Kurultai
1359:See also
1313:Mianwali
1274:politics
1149:(PMLN),
1069:(PMAP),
1009:Peshawar
996:Mirakhel
851:and the
849:al Qaeda
698:Pakistan
548:May 1990
334:Kandahar
293:de facto
278:mediator
152:jərgagəy
142:jirgagai
78:Kandahar
4367:Taliban
4166:Culture
3898:Pashtun
3828:Outline
3764:Cuisine
3752:Culture
3728:Tourism
3681:Economy
3628:Cabinet
3593:Taliban
3512:Hazaras
3435:Borders
3312:Emirate
3189:History
2940:Frameup
2377:excerpt
1540:May 11,
1372:of the
1233:by the
1192:Demands
1145:of the
1141:(PPP),
1137:of the
1129:(MKP),
1125:of the
1121:(ANP),
1117:of the
1109:(NDM),
1105:of the
1085:(PTM),
1081:of the
1065:of the
1035:(MKP).
1031:of the
1015:of the
939:lashkar
853:Taliban
842:stoning
611:Germany
575:around
566:Taliban
403:Taliban
357:Paghman
246:Hazaras
59:Pashtun
4323:Groups
4189:Pashto
3856:Portal
3799:Poetry
3784:Cinema
3708:Mining
3703:Energy
3554:Health
3547:Uzbeks
3537:Tajiks
3507:Gurjar
3497:Baloch
3179:
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1668:
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1473:Punjab
1441:Mongol
1437:Turkic
1435:, the
1409:Arabic
1407:, the
1319:Pashto
1309:Attock
1174:Hazara
1170:Baloch
793:and a
744:. The
732:, the
588:Cyprus
405:. The
288:məshər
250:jirgas
242:Tajiks
238:jirgas
223:Samiti
207:simite
199:simite
195:. The
183:simite
177:Aryans
115:noun,
57:, the
43:Pashto
4251:Poets
4241:Jirga
3835:Index
3779:Music
3653:women
3571:Women
3492:Arabs
2411:. AFP
2113:(PDF)
2102:(PDF)
2060:(PDF)
1765:(PDF)
1752:(PDF)
1685:jerge
1677:Jerge
1636:Jirga
1612:jirga
1425:Hindu
1405:Shura
1000:Bannu
954:Swara
921:CEDAW
913:CEDAW
909:ICCPR
827:court
807:Kalat
768:2006
715:Bannu
581:Islam
467:are:
430:2003
376:2002
344:1928
325:1747
306:1709
227:Sabha
219:India
214:Sabhā
191:sabhā
165:shura
147:جرګګۍ
121:games
117:ǰerge
109:jirga
93:Bannu
51:jərga
39:jirga
3774:Flag
3648:LGBT
2891:Rape
2506:help
2486:Dawn
2152:2021
2121:2013
2085:link
1972:ISBN
1912:2020
1890:2020
1666:ISBN
1601:ISBN
1542:2010
1478:Zail
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