256:
553:
242:, the Osco-Sabellic peoples word for light, which has the same meaning in the Latin idiom. The people that moved from the Osco-Sabellic tribes to occupy the land east of the Sillaro River, which was an area associated with the morning star, Lucifer (Latin for bringer of light). Therefore, Lucania means eastern land or land from which there is light. The study also explains why it is not Greek in origin. As noted in the History section on this page, the Greeks referred to this region of Italy as Oenotria.
27:
977:
47:
36:
939:
Salentine peninsula across
Lucania and through much of Apulia as well. By the early eleventh century, Greek settlement had radiated northward and had reached the interior of the Cilento, deep in Salernitan territory. Parts of the central and north-western Salento, recovered early, came to have a Greek majority through immigration, as did parts of Lucania.
910:
central Apulia which were reintegrated into
Byzantine control also experienced demographic shifts, and the increasing establishment of immigrant Greek communities. These zones also acted as springboards for Greek migration further north, into regions such as the Cilento and areas around Salerno, which had never been under Byzantine control.
415:
the Greek cities on the coast had fallen into insignificance, and owing to the decrease of population and cultivation malaria began to obtain the upper hand. The few towns of the interior were of no importance. A large part of the province was given up to pasture, and the mountains were covered with
387:
in Italy (281 BC) they were among the first to declare in his favor, and found themselves exposed to the resentment of Rome when the departure of
Pyrrhus left his allies at the mercy of the Romans. After several campaigns they were reduced to subjection (272 BC). Notwithstanding this they espoused
880:
At the end of the twelfth century ... While in Apulia Greeks were in a majority – and indeed present in any numbers at all – only in the
Salento peninsula in the extreme south, at the time of the conquest they had an overwhelming preponderance in Lucania and central and southern Calabria, as
909:
However, the
Byzantine revival of the tenth century generated a concomitant process of Hellenization, while Muslim raids in southern Calabria, and instability in Sicily, may also have displaced Greek Christians further north on the mainland. Consequently, zones in northern Calabria, Lucania and
938:
In
Lucania (northern Calabria, Basilicata, and southernmost portion of today's Campania) ... From the late ninth century into the eleventh, Greek-speaking populations and Byzantine temporal power advanced, in stages but by no means always in tandem, out of southern Calabria and the lower
732:
changed the name to
Lucania, as part of its appropriation of symbols from the Roman Empire. After the end of the war and Italy's defeat, the new government restored the name of Basilicata to the province in 1947. In the late 20th century, Lucania was still in vernacular use as a synonym to
750:
513:. Lucania would remain largely Greek till the 12th century when a gradual process of Latinization would occur. By the 14th century, there were few Greek inhabitants as the majority had been assimilated.
396:(216 BC), and their territory during several campaigns was ravaged by both armies. The country never recovered from these disasters, and under the Roman government fell into decay, to which the
325:
with Oscan legends of the 3rd century. The
Lucanians gradually conquered the whole country (with the exception of the Greek towns on the coast) from the borders of
754:
152:, which here are an irregular group of lofty masses. The main ridge approaches the western sea and continues from the lofty knot of mountains on the frontiers of
683:
near the southwestern edge of the district: while another nameless road followed the east coast and other roads of less importance ran west from
Potentia to the
314:
822:
881:
well as comprising anything up to a third of the population of Sicily, concentrated especially in the north-east of the island, the Val Demone.
665:
463:
conquest reintroduced Greeks and Greek culture to the region. In the early 7th, Byzantine rule was cut short as another
Germanic people, the
456:
275:(Lucanians) by whom it was conquered about the middle of the 5th century BC. Before that period it was included under the general name of
997:
416:
forests, which abounded in wild boars, bears and wolves. There were some fifteen independent communities, but none of great importance.
992:
183:
are of little importance compared with those that descend towards the Gulf of Tarentum. Of these the most important are the Bradanus (
840:
958:
931:
902:
873:
497:
with Salerno being granted autonomy. By the early 11th century the Byzantine revival in Lucania came with both a process of
360:, who was called in by that people to their assistance, 334 BC. In 298 BC (Livy x. II seq.) they made alliance with
345:
established their independence, after which the Lucanians became confined within the limits already described.
238:
Historians at University of Naples Eastern Studies concluded that the root of the name Lucania is derived from
521:
210:, which forms at its mouth the southern limit of the province, belongs almost wholly to the territory of the
483:
218:(Coscile), from the mountains of Lucania. The only considerable stream on the western side is the Silarus (
1025:
768:
541:
472:
1035:
1015:
452:
397:
379:
Subsequently they were sometimes in alliance, but more frequently engaged in hostilities, during the
20:
533:
487:
468:
272:
255:
792:
725:). From the latter half of the 19th century some residents campaigned to reinstate that name.
865:
806:
600:
353:
196:
857:
493:
In the late 10th century the Byzantines began to re-enter the region of Lucania forming the
222:), which constitutes the northern boundary, and has two important tributaries in the Calor (
1030:
664:
traversed the district from north to south, entering it at the northwestern extremity; the
529:
440:
834:
140:
to the Tyrrhenian Sea in an east-west direction, marked part of the border with Bruttium.
8:
494:
424:
118:
114:
106:
577:
480:
476:
172:
157:
149:
137:
423:, Lucania was always united with the district of the Bruttii, a practice continued by
160:. From then on it is separated from the sea by only a narrow interval until it enters
954:
927:
898:
869:
858:
552:
537:
525:
384:
1020:
700:
393:
844:
814:
729:
717:
of 1820–21, the region was renamed and divided into Eastern and Western Lucania (
670:
448:
318:
176:
175:. The mountains descend in a much more gradual slope to the coastal plain of the
129:
78:
642:
536:
would take control of Lucania in the mid-13th century before being part of the
528:
in 1130. In 1194, Lucania would become part of the Holy Roman Empire under the
287:
180:
132:
which flows into the Gulf of Taranto in the east. The lower tract of the river
125:
74:
58:
614:
Of the towns of the interior the most considerable was Potentia, still called
1009:
988:
983:
638:
498:
291:
223:
200:
168:
634:
420:
380:
97:
in the south-west, and was at the tip of the peninsula which is now called
684:
680:
661:
591:. On the west coast stood Posidonia, known under the Roman government as
306:
language. They had a democratic constitution save in time of war, when a
279:, which was applied by the Greeks to the southernmost portion of Italy.
133:
580:, at the mouth of the Aciris; and Sins, on the river of the same name.
1001:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 92.
751:"La sala delle costituzioni e la tomba del carro | Vulture mobile"
706:
654:
573:
283:
271:
The district of Lucania was so called from the people bearing the name
219:
192:
102:
62:
714:
710:
688:
676:
627:
626:
belonged more properly to Apulia); while due south from Potentia was
557:
460:
342:
260:
66:
286:
and Choni, while the coasts on both sides were occupied by powerful
623:
608:
502:
464:
428:
401:
389:
338:
330:
307:
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276:
161:
98:
94:
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982:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
650:
630:, and still farther in that direction were Nerulum and Muranum.
615:
592:
584:
565:
561:
517:
510:
506:
455:
in 493 CE. Ostrogothic rule in the region was short lived due to
444:
373:
369:
365:
349:
326:
295:
264:
227:
215:
211:
188:
184:
171:, 7,325 ft (2,233 m), the highest peak in the southern
153:
110:
82:
46:
35:
604:
290:
which doubtless exercised a protectorate over the interior (see
156:, in a mostly southerly direction, to within a few miles of the
588:
412:
357:
90:
587:, which was destroyed in 510 BC, but subsequently replaced by
337:. Subsequently the inhabitants of the peninsula, now known as
26:
895:
Sanctity and Pilgrimage in Medieval Southern Italy, 1000–1200
709:
originates from the 10th century AD, when the area was under
646:
619:
596:
467:
conquered Lucania from the Byzantines and became part of the
334:
303:
282:
The mountainous interior was occupied by the tribes known as
207:
128:
in the north-west, which separated it from Campania, and the
70:
501:
and significant Greek migrations from southern and central
405:
361:
322:
50:
Lucanian chimera, alleged to be used in Lucanian shields
348:
After this we find them engaged in hostilities with the
679:
and passing through Potentia and Grumentum, joined the
921:
516:
In the mid-11th century, Lucania was conquered by the
364:, and Roman influence was extended by the colonies of
486:, part of the Duchy was turned into the independent
713:control. During the early 19th century, during the
427:. The two together constituted the third region of
691:and east from Grumentum to the coast at Heraclea.
459:reconquest of Italy in the mid-Sixth century. The
618:. To the north, near the frontier of Apulia, was
341:, broke into insurrection, and under the name of
1007:
310:was chosen from among the regular magistrates.
294:). The Lucanians were a southern branch of the
101:. It comprised almost all the modern region of
892:
607:, near the frontier of the province towards
400:, in which the Lucanians took part with the
61:, corresponding to the modern-day region of
855:
825:, Inscriptiones Graecae Antiquissimae, 547.
475:, Lucania became a part of the independent
897:. Cambridge University Press. p. 13.
633:In the upland valley of the Tanagrus were
167:Just within the frontier of Lucania rises
34:
924:Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia, Volume 1
321:from the 4th or 3rd century BC, and some
230:or Negro) which joins it from the south.
148:Almost the whole area is occupied by the
987:
551:
254:
226:or Calore Salernitano) and the Tanager (
45:
25:
838:: Chapter 1, Backgrounds and Some Dates
408:(90–88 BC) gave the finishing stroke.
1008:
864:. Cambridge University Press. p.
419:For administrative purposes under the
603:, called by the Romans Buxentum, and
583:Close to its southern frontier stood
576:, a few miles south of the Bradanus;
951:Guida d'Italia: Basilicata, Calabria
179:. Thus the rivers which flow to the
39:Map of ancient Lucania according to
30:Map of ancient Lucania according to
547:
214:, but it receives a tributary, the
16:Historical region of Southern Italy
13:
793:"Come ti chiami? Lucania !!!"
657:, were also included in Lucania.
136:, which flows from a ridge of the
124:The precise limits were the river
14:
1047:
572:The towns on the east coast were
975:
860:The Latin Church in Norman Italy
953:. Touring club italiano (1980)
926:. Routledge. pp. 444–445.
922:Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004).
263:warrior, fresco from a tomb of
944:
915:
886:
849:
828:
799:
785:
761:
743:
653:), though to the north of the
540:in the 14th century after the
434:
117:and a northern portion of the
1:
968:
675:, coming southwards from the
522:County of Apulia and Calabria
451:before being turned into the
333:to the southern extremity of
73:people. It extended from the
694:
250:
233:
143:
7:
542:War of the Sicilian Vespers
443:in 476 CE, Lucania fell to
113:area), the western part of
105:, the southern part of the
57:was a historical region of
10:
1052:
698:
524:then becoming part of the
245:
18:
453:Kingdom of the Ostrogoths
65:. It was the land of the
736:
595:; below that came Elea (
21:Lucania (disambiguation)
998:Encyclopædia Britannica
893:Oldfield, Paul (2014).
568:, Italy, 4th century BC
509:, into regions such as
488:Principality of Salerno
469:Kingdom of the Lombards
447:and became part of the
569:
439:After the fall of the
302:people, who spoke the
268:
51:
43:
641:and Consilinum (near
555:
372:(273), and above all
258:
49:
29:
856:Loud, G. A. (2007).
715:Carbonari revolution
530:Hohenstaufen dynasty
471:. In 774, after the
441:Western Roman Empire
383:. On the landing of
32:The Historical Atlas
19:For other uses, see
795:. 10 February 2016.
723:Lucania Occidentale
687:, northeast to the
599:under the Romans),
520:first becoming the
495:Catapanate of Italy
317:survive, mostly in
119:Province of Cosenza
115:Province of Taranto
107:Province of Salerno
81:. It bordered with
1026:Geography of Italy
843:2005-05-10 at the
570:
481:Holy Roman Emperor
477:Duchy of Benevento
315:Oscan inscriptions
269:
267:, Italy, c. 360 BC
187:), the Casuentus (
158:Gulf of Policastro
150:Apennine Mountains
138:Apennine Mountains
52:
44:
41:Naturalis Historia
959:978-88-365-0021-5
933:978-0-415-93930-0
904:978-1-107-00028-5
875:978-0-521-25551-6
719:Lucania Orientale
564:, from a tomb in
538:Kingdom of Aragon
532:. After that the
526:Kingdom of Sicily
479:and later, under
473:Frankish invasion
93:in the east, and
1043:
1036:Coloniae (Roman)
1016:Regions of Italy
1002:
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753:. Archived from
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705:The modern name
701:Theme of Lucania
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548:Cities and towns
449:Kingdom of Italy
394:Second Punic War
319:Greek characters
38:
1051:
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991:, ed. (1911). "
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649:) and Volceii (
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411:In the time of
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191:), the Aciris (
177:Gulf of Taranto
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130:Gravina (river)
79:Gulf of Taranto
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17:
12:
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5:
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989:Chisholm, Hugh
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813:, p. II sqq.;
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757:on 2024-02-24.
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643:Sala Consilina
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288:Greek colonies
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181:Tyrrhenian Sea
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89:in the north,
75:Tyrrhenian Sea
59:Southern Italy
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776:. Retrieved
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755:the original
745:
733:Basilicata.
728:In 1932 the
727:
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718:
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666:Via Herculia
659:
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381:Samnite wars
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166:
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123:
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40:
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1031:Roman Italy
836:Cassiodorus
773:Google Docs
685:Via Popilia
681:Via Popilia
669: [
662:Via Popilia
457:Justinian’s
435:Middle Ages
392:during the
352:, and with
195:), and the
1010:Categories
969:References
821:x. p. 2I;
778:2024-08-18
707:Basilicata
699:See also:
645:); Eburi (
574:Metapontum
398:Social War
368:(291 BC),
356:, king of
350:Tarentines
284:Oenotrians
259:A mounted
103:Basilicata
63:Basilicata
711:Byzantine
695:Later use
689:Via Appia
677:Via Appia
628:Grumentum
624:Aceruntia
461:Byzantine
425:Theodoric
354:Alexander
343:Bruttians
251:Antiquity
234:Etymology
173:Apennines
144:Geography
841:Archived
609:Bruttium
578:Heraclea
534:Angevins
503:Calabria
490:in 851.
484:Louis II
465:Lombards
429:Augustus
404:against
402:Samnites
390:Hannibal
376:(272).
374:Tarentum
339:Calabria
331:Campania
308:dictator
300:Sabellic
277:Oenotria
162:Bruttium
99:Calabria
95:Bruttium
87:Campania
1021:Lucania
993:Lucania
986::
815:Mommsen
655:Silarus
651:Buccino
616:Potenza
593:Paestum
585:Sybaris
566:Paestum
562:chariot
518:Normans
511:Cilento
507:Salento
445:Odoacer
385:Pyrrhus
370:Paestum
366:Venusia
327:Samnium
296:Samnite
265:Paestum
246:History
228:Tanagro
216:Sybaris
212:Bruttii
208:Crathis
189:Basento
185:Bradano
154:Samnium
126:Silarus
111:Cilento
83:Samnium
77:to the
55:Lucania
980:
957:
930:
901:
872:
819:C.I.L.
807:Conway
620:Bantia
589:Thurii
558:Lucani
413:Strabo
358:Epirus
313:A few
273:Lucani
261:Lucani
91:Apulia
67:Lucani
961:p. 11
823:Roehl
737:Notes
673:]
647:Eboli
635:Atina
601:Pyxus
597:Velia
335:Italy
323:coins
304:Oscan
201:Sinni
197:Siris
109:(the
71:Oscan
69:, an
955:ISBN
928:ISBN
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870:ISBN
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721:and
660:The
605:Laüs
505:and
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362:Rome
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298:or
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