20:
540:, who commissioned a transcription, though, unfamiliar with Old High German, he was unable to appreciate its shortcomings (Willems later counted 125 errors). He forwarded this to the Strassburg jurist and antiquarian Johann Schilter. WHen he asked for a better transcription, the manuscript could no longer be found, presumably having gone astray when the abbey was hit by an earthquake in 1692. Schilter published the transcription in 1696 with a Latin translation, "together with an expression of his misgivings". (Mabillon published his own version in 1706.) Subsequent editions by
373:
331:
359:
345:
96:
524:
The MS was unlikely to have been at St Amand before 883, when the abbey and its library were destroyed by Viking raiders. The monks returned after a few years and the library's holdings were rebuilt from 886 onwards under Abbot
Hucbald. Hucbald himself provided 18 volumes, and further volumes seem to
135:
Raising his war-banner Ludwig returns to the Franks, who greet him with acclamation as one for whom they have long been waiting. Ludwig holds a council of war with his battle-companions, the powerful ones in his realm, and with the promise of reward encourages them to follow him into battle. He sets
107:
The poem speaks of Louis in the present tense: it opens, "I know a king called Ludwig who willingly serves God. I know he will reward him for it". Since Louis died in August the next year, the poem must have been written within a year of the battle. However, in the manuscript, the poem is headed by
131:
After these succinct eight lines the narrative action starts with Godâs testing of the young ruler in sending the
Northmen across the sea to attack the Franks as a punishment for their sinfulness, who are thereby prompted to mend their ways by due penance. The kingdom is in disarray not merely
127:
After a general introductory formula in which the poet claims to know of King Ludwig (thereby implying the reliability of what he has to say) this kingâs prehistory is briefly sketched: the loss of his father at an early age, his adoption by God for his upbringing, his enthronement by divine
234:
Taken together, this evidence suggests that the text was written in an area close to the linguistic border between
Romance and Germanic. Bischoff's localising of the script to an unidentified known scriptorium Lower Lotharingia on the left bank of the Rhine stregthens this conclusion.
760:, p. 294: "There are reasons to doubt whether it is justified to see poem in terms of the Germanic past ... the more so since the Germanic praise-song, although attested in the North, is a hypothetical entity for southern
136:
out, discovers the whereabouts of the enemy and, after a
Christian battle-song, joins battle, which is described briefly, but in noticeably more stirring terms. Victory is won, not least thanks to Ludwigâs inborn bravery.
204:
in East
Francia, remote from St Amand and Ludwig's kingdom. Thus there is an apparent inconsistency between the language of the text on the one hand and the origin of the manuscript and the event described on the other.
1687:———— (2023). "Rustica Romana lingua und Theotisca lingua â FrĂŒhmittelalterliche Mehrsprachigkeit im Raum von Rhein, Maas und Mosel". In Franceschini, Rita; HĂŒning, Matthias; Maitz, PĂ©ter (eds.).
253:
it was composed in West
Francia by someone who either came from East Francia or had been educated there, but his language was affected by features from the local Frankish dialects and the Romace idiom of the
559:
set out to trace the fate of the manuscript, which he discovered, uncatalogued, in the
Valenciennes library. He immediately made and published a new transcription, along with the first transcription of the
768:
is of course a song of praise, ... but poetic euologies are common ... in Latin as well as various vernaculars, without there being a trace of justification to identify them with the specifically
Germanic
508:
of the final folio (143), but this dates from the twelfth century, and the long-held view that the text of the
Ludwigslied was written in St Amand itself now seems unlikely to be correct. The hand of the
238:
However, it is impossible to tell on purely linguistic grounds whether these local indications belong to the original text or arose only in local copying. A number of solutions have been suggested:
72:
caused the
Northmen to come across the sea to remind the Frankish people of their sins, and inspired Louis to ride to the aid of his people. Louis praises God both before and after the battle.
139:
The poem closes with thanks to God and the saints for having granted Ludwig victory in battle, with praise of the king himself and with a prayer for God to preserve him in grace.
2068:
208:
However, the language also shows some features which derive from the German dialects closest to Saucourt, Central Franconian and Low Franconian. Additionally, the
1716:
Hellgardt, Ernst (1996). "Zur Mehrsprachigkeit im Karolingerreich: Bemerkungen aus AnlaĂ von Rosamond McKittericks Buch "The Carolingians and the written word"".
148:
Although the poem is Christian in content, and the use of rhyme reflects Christian rather than pagan Germanic poetry, it is often assigned to the genre of
2190:
1467:———— (1989). "Using the Background to the Ludwigslied: Some Methodological Problems". In Flood, John L; Yeandle, David N (eds.).
1672:. Geschichte der deutschen Literatur von den AnfĂ€ngen bis zum Beginn der Neuzeit. Vol. 1/1 (2nd ed.). TĂŒbingen: Niemeyer. pp. 137â146.
482:
is presumed to be a copy made after August 882 as the poem describes a living king, while the rubric refers to Ludwig as being "of blessed memory" (
231:
from the Romance dialect. The fact that the scribe was bilingual in French and German is also locates the text away from the Rhine Franconian area.
2165:
1757:
132:
because of the Viking aggression, but more particularly because of Ludwig's absence, who is accordingly ordered by God to return and do battle.
2150:
2126:
273:
amongst both senior clergy and aristocracy. Many nobles had connections with East Francia, and a local Frankish dialect, often referred to as
650:
2160:
1213:
556:
1029:, p. 129, "la communauté revint sur place peu aprÚs le second raid, soit aprÚs une absence de trois ou quatre années environ".
112:("German song to the beloved memory of King Louis, son of Louis, also king"), which means it must be a copy of an earlier text.
1223:
Elnonensia. Monuments des langues romane et tudesque dans le IXe siĂšcle, contenus dans un manuscrit de l'Abbaye de St.-Amand...
293:, l. 6), which only makes sense from a Western perspective. The personal commitment of the author to Ludwig ("I know a king",
1913:. Camden House History of German Literature. Vol. 2. Rochester, NY; Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. pp. 121â138.
1746:
1532:
1425:
2185:
2144:
2138:
2132:
1800:
Maurer, Friedrich (1957). "Hildebrandslied und Ludwigslied. Die altdeutschen Zeugen der hohen Gattungen der Wanderzeit".
773:. Interpreting the poem in terms of a postulated literary genre of the past ... has led inevitably to wishful thinking".
1843:
1677:
1365:
1546:
2109:
2090:
1918:
1864:
1783:
1706:
1602:
1558:
1476:
1350:
1275:
637:
891:, p. 132, "ein anderes wohl kaum mehr bestimmbares Zentrum des linksrheinischen, niederlothringischen Gebiets."
552:(1825) were necessarily based on Mabillon's text, though attempts were made to identify and correct likely errors.
2180:
2064:
797:, p. 12, "that the main dialect of the poem is Rhenish Franconian has never been called into question."
2003:
397:(fol. 1v-140r). The blank leaves at the end of the codex contain later additions in four different hands:
1813:
58:
525:
have been "scrounged" from around the region. MS 150 is likely to have been among these new accessions.
372:
330:
427:
88:
1853:
Metzner, Ernst E (2001). "Ludwigslied". In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.).
478:
and first letter of each line, it differs from the other hands in the manuscript. The text of the
358:
1955:
Vernacular Authority in the Late Ninth Century: Bilingual Juxtaposition in MS 150, Valenciennes (
1929:
541:
407:
344:
209:
1971:
1670:
Die AnfĂ€nge: Versuche volkssprachlicher Schriftlichkeit im frĂŒhen Mittelalter (ca. 700-1050/60)
1178:áŒÏÎčÎœÎŻÎșÎčÎżÎœ. Rhythmo teutonico Ludovico regi acclamatum, cum Nortmannos an. DCCCLXXXIII. vicisset
19:
1772:
Marold, Edith (2001). "Preislied". In Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.).
1340:
1294:
2055:
Wolf, Alois. "Medieval Heroic Traditions and Their Transitions from Orality to Literacy". In
1854:
1773:
467:
316:
is preserved over four pages in a single 9th-century manuscript formerly in the monastery of
173:
152:, a song in praise of a warrior, of a type which is presumed to have been common in Germanic
128:
authority as ruler of the Franks, and the sharing of his kingdom with his brother Karlmann.
1314:
Bischoff, Bernhard (1971). "PalÀographische Fragen deutscher DenkmÀler der Karolingerzeit".
1831:
386:
317:
287:
The first of these options seems implausible: God gives Ludwig "a throne here in Francia" (
1569:
419:
83:(Codex 150, f. 141vâ143r). In the same manuscript, and written by the same scribe, is the
8:
1542:
1176:
545:
385:
The codex itself dates from the early 9th century and originally contained only works by
120:
75:
The poem is preserved over four pages in a single 9th-century manuscript formerly in the
50:
49:(OHG) poem of 59 rhyming couplets, celebrating the victory of the Frankish army, led by
2129:â facsimile and bibliography from the BibliothĂšque Municipale, Valenciennes (in French)
2060:
2044:
1665:
1653:
1511:
1455:
1388:
1240:
299:, l. 1) also indicates that he was a close to Ludwig's court rather than an outsider.
2105:
2086:
1914:
1860:
1839:
1779:
1742:
1702:
1673:
1598:
1554:
1528:
1472:
1421:
1346:
1271:
1217:
565:
394:
257:
while the general population of the area round Saucourt and St Amand spoke the local
228:
169:
76:
2036:
1983:
1897:
1881:
1725:
1694:
1645:
1503:
1447:
1413:
1323:
1263:
1195:
266:
193:
157:
34:
1729:
1336:
505:
471:
262:
165:
46:
2083:"'Mit regulu bithuungan'": Neue Arbeiten zur althochdeutschen Poesie und Sprache
1469:"'Mit regulu bithuungan'": Neue Arbeiten zur althochdeutschen Poesie und Sprache
1299:
Text und Text in lateinischer und volkssprachiger Ăberlieferung des Mittelalters
1267:
483:
390:
153:
1909:———— (2004). "Heroic Verse". In Murdoch, Brian (ed.).
1698:
1417:
1327:
1258:
Braune, Wilhelm; Ebbinghaus, Ernst A., eds. (1994). "XXXVI. Das Ludwigslied".
1221:
1092:
1056:
2174:
2074:
1435:
549:
537:
274:
1987:
1688:
1104:
1901:
534:
518:
321:
270:
247:
246:
and the other dialect features were introduced when the text was copied in
243:
110:
Rithmus teutonicus de piae memoriae Hluduico rege filio Hluduici aeq; regis
80:
65:
517:
does not show the characteristics of the scriptorium of St Amand, and the
1301:. Wolfram Studien. Vol. XIX. Berlin: Erich Schmidt. pp. 209â232
258:
2081:: King, Church and Context". In Flood, John L; Yeandle, David N (eds.).
1972:"Les Northmanni en Francie occidentale au IXe siĂšcle. Le chant de Louis"
1657:
1459:
2048:
1758:"When Literature Itself Was Bilingual: A Rule of Vernacular Insertions"
1392:
1372:
613:
As a young man he became fatherless. This was at once made good to him:
432:
172:(871), and the rhyming form may have been inspired by the same form in
84:
1613:
1523:
Freytag W (1985). "Ludwigslied". In Ruh K, Keil G, Schröder W (eds.).
1515:
1295:"Die gemeinsame Ăberlieferung von 'Ludwigslied' und 'Eulalia-Sequenz'"
872:
870:
712:
1649:
1527:. Vol. 5. Berlin, New York: Walter De Gruyter. cols. 1036â1039.
1451:
1008:
197:
95:
2040:
1197:
Annales ordinis S. Benedicti occidentalium monachorum patriarchae...
294:
288:
222:
216:
2027:
Schwarz, Werner (1947). "The "Ludwigslied", a Ninth-Century Poem".
1507:
1152:
867:
776:
661:
1737:
Herweg, Matthias (2013). "Ludwigslied". In Bergmann, Rolf (ed.).
1041:, p. 129, quoting André Boutemy, "grappilés un peu partout".
678:
676:
451:
161:
68:
in ethos. It presents the Viking raids as a punishment from God:
1239:
von Steinmeyer, Emil Elias, ed. (1916). "XVI. Das Ludwigslied".
1212:
1110:
1098:
1062:
843:
800:
1345:(2nd ed.). Oxford: The Clarendon Press. pp. 235â248.
942:
580:
The first four lines of the poem, with an English translation.
475:
160:. Not all scholars agree, however. Other Carolingian-era Latin
54:
1593:
Groseclose, J Sidney; Murdoch, Brian O (1976). "Ludwigslied".
729:
727:
673:
1551:
The Scandinavians from the Vendel period to the tenth century
918:
201:
1632:
Harvey, Ruth (1945). "The Provenance of the Old High German
1140:
954:
855:
1930:"Les effets des raids scandinaves Ă Saint-Amand (881, 883)"
1838:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 232â235.
1718:
BeitrÀge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur
930:
724:
498:
St Amand's ownership of the codex is indicated by the note
1815:
Dichtung und Sprache des Mittelalters, Gesammelte AufsÀtze
1438:(1985). "The Context of the Old High German Ludwigslied".
2004:"Das Ludwigslied und die Erforschung des WestfrÀnkischen"
1525:
Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters. Verfasserlexikon
533:
In 1672 the manuscript was discovered in St Amand by the
1200:
Vol. III. Paris: Charles Robustel. pp. 684â686
1116:
1044:
998:
996:
611:
who serves God zealously: I know He rewards him for it.
1494:
Manuscript and Their Development in Early Old French".
1068:
983:
981:
894:
882:
831:
700:
600:
Kind uuarth her faterlos, || Thes uuarth imo sar buoz:
269:), in court circles there was widespread French-German
2057:
Vox Intexta: Orality and Textuality in the Middle Ages
1778:. Vol. 23. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 398â408.
1690:
Historische Mehrsprachigkeit: EuropÀische Perspektiven
1486:
Fought, John (1979). "The 'Medieval Sibilants' of the
966:
821:
819:
817:
815:
568:. It was Jacob Grimm who in 1856 gave it the title of
1262:(17th ed.). TĂŒbingen: Niemeyer. pp. 84â85.
993:
906:
1888:: Some Observations on Medieval Historical Poetry".
1859:. Vol. 19. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 12â17.
1334:
1158:
1080:
978:
876:
788:
782:
718:
667:
598:
Ther gerno gode thionot: || Ih uueiz her imos lonot.
1611:
1245:. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. pp. 85â88
812:
751:
682:
688:
602:Holoda Inan truhtin, || Magaczogo uuarth her sin.
2001:
1592:
1128:
948:
924:
849:
806:
739:
188:There is a consensus that the OHG dialect of the
2172:
1741:. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 241â252.
1693:. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 179â206.
1297:. In Lutz, E C; Haubrichs, W; Ridder, K (eds.).
1257:
1146:
2104:. London, New York: Routledge. pp. 77â85.
2059:, ed. A. N. Doane and C. B. Pasternack, 67â88.
596:Einan kuning uueiz ih, || Heizsit her Hluduig,
2102:A History of the German Language through texts
1668:(1995). "Das Schlacht- und FĂŒrstenpreislied".
1547:"The "Ludwigslied" and the Battle of Saucourt"
1242:Die kleineren althochdeutschen SprachdenkmÀler
1238:
960:
447:Uis fidei tanta est quae germine prodit amoris
2100:Young, Christopher; Gloning, Thomas (2004).
2099:
1111:Hoffmann von Fallersleben & Willems 1837
1099:Hoffmann von Fallersleben & Willems 1837
1063:Hoffmann von Fallersleben & Willems 1837
278:
1856:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
1830:
1775:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
1739:Althochdeutsche und altsÀchsische Literatur
1410:Schrifttafeln zum althochdeutschen Lesebuch
1408:Fischer, Hanns, ed. (1966). "Ludwigslied".
651:Rythmus de captivitate Ludovici imperatoris
615:The Lord took him and became his guardian.
499:
445:
413:
401:
2191:Military history of the Carolingian Empire
1911:German Literature of the Early Middle Ages
1214:Hoffmann von Fallersleben, August Heinrich
283:), may have been spoken at Ludwig's court.
183:
2133:High quality facsimile of all four sheets
1969:
1715:
1686:
1664:
1595:Die althochdeutschen poetischen DenkmÀler
1122:
1050:
912:
837:
1927:
1553:. Cambridge: Boydell. pp. 281â302.
1466:
1434:
1370:
1342:A Handbook on Old High German Literature
1313:
1292:
1193:
1181:. Strassburg: Johann Reinhold Dulssecker
1174:
1086:
1074:
1038:
1026:
1014:
936:
888:
250:by a locally educated, bilingual scribe;
94:
18:
2166:OHG text with modern French translation
2085:. Göppingen: KĂŒmmerle. pp. 18â79.
2073:
2026:
1908:
1890:Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire
1880:
1852:
1755:
1522:
1471:. Göppingen: KĂŒmmerle. pp. 80â93.
1412:. TĂŒbingen: Max Niemeyer. p. 25*.
1407:
987:
972:
861:
733:
709:, pp. 282â283. Line numbers added.
2173:
2161:OHG text and modern German translation
1811:
1799:
1771:
1736:
1631:
1597:. Stuttgart: Metzler. pp. 67â77.
1485:
1364:Includes a translation into English.
1002:
900:
825:
794:
745:
694:
320:, now in the BibliothĂšque Municipale,
79:, now in the BibliothĂšque municipale,
23:The first two pages of the Ludwigslied
1952:
1836:The Carolingians and the Written Word
1567:
1541:
1134:
757:
706:
609:I know a king â his name is Hluduig â
2127:Le Rithmus teutonicus ou Ludwigslied
180:(Gospel Book), finished before 871.
156:and is well-attested in attested in
1965:(PhD thesis). Princeton University.
1375:Rhythmus Teutonicus ou Ludwigslied?
13:
2002:SchĂŒtzeichel, Rudolf (1966â1967).
1159:Bostock, King & McLintock 1976
877:Bostock, King & McLintock 1976
783:Bostock, King & McLintock 1976
719:Bostock, King & McLintock 1976
668:Bostock, King & McLintock 1976
638:De Pippini regis Victoria Avarica
14:
2202:
2120:
1963:, Gallo-Romance, Old High German)
1818:. Bern: Francke. pp. 157â163
1335:Bostock, J. Knight; King, K. C.;
1282:The standard edition of the text.
582:
242:the original text was written in
1614:"Handschriftenbeschreibung 7591"
466:are written in the same hand. A
371:
357:
343:
329:
123:summarises the poem as follows:
2069:Limited preview at Google Books
1366:Limited preview at Google Books
1286:
1032:
1020:
643:
2008:Rheinische VierteljahrsblÀtter
630:
528:
454:in Latin (fol. 143r to 143v).
324:(Codex 150, fol. 141v-143r).
307:
1:
2139:Facsimile of whole manuscript
2065:University of Wisconsin Press
949:Groseclose & Murdoch 1976
521:is untypical of the library.
302:
200:dialect from the area around
1953:Rossi, Albert Louis (1986).
1730:10.1515/bgsl.1996.1996.118.1
1612:Handschriftencensus (2024).
1316:FrĂŒhmittelalterliche Studien
1147:Braune & Ebbinghaus 1994
1017:, p. 132 (and fn. 131).
410:in Latin (fol. 140v to 141r)
403:Dominus celi rex et conditor
215:before initial vowels (e.g.
99:The Ludwigslied In Braune's
7:
1167:
504:("St Amand's book") on the
418:, a 14-line sequence about
115:
59:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu
10:
2207:
2186:Old High German literature
1884:(1977). "Saucourt and the
1812:Maurer, Friedrich (1963).
1549:. In Jesch, Judith (ed.).
1293:Bauschke, Ricarda (2006).
1268:10.1515/9783110911824.136b
575:
493:
2145:Transcription of the text
1699:10.1515/9783111338668-009
1418:10.1515/9783110952018.49a
1328:10.1515/9783110242058.101
1260:Althochdeutsches Lesebuch
562:Sequence of Saint Eulalia
511:Sequence of Saint Eulalia
460:Sequence of Saint Eulalia
428:Sequence of Saint Eulalia
101:Althochdeutsches Lesebuch
89:Sequence of Saint Eulalia
1970:Schneider, Jens (2003).
1928:Platelle, Henri (1961).
683:Handschriftencensus 2024
623:
557:Hoffman von Fallersleben
415:Cantica uirginis eulalie
143:
2147:(Bibliotheca Augustana)
2135:(Bibliotheca Augustana)
1988:10.3406/annor.2003.1453
1194:Mabillon, Jean (1706).
564:, with a commentary by
295:
289:
223:
217:
184:Language and authorship
64:The poem is thoroughly
2155:Old High German Primer
2029:Modern Language Review
1902:10.3406/rbph.1977.3161
1756:HorvĂĄth, IvĂĄn (2014).
1570:"Ăber das Ludwigslied"
1381:Modern Language Review
1371:Chambers, W W (1946).
925:SchĂŒtzeichel 1966â1967
850:SchĂŒtzeichel 1966â1967
807:SchĂŒtzeichel 1966â1967
500:
487:
446:
414:
402:
279:
196:. However, this was a
168:(796) and the Emperor
141:
104:
24:
2181:Medieval German poems
1832:McKitterick, Rosamond
1802:Der Deutschunterricht
1568:Grimm, Jacob (1856).
468:Carolingian minuscule
296:Einan kuning uueiz ih
290:Stuol hier in VrankĆn
174:Otfrid of Weissenburg
125:
98:
22:
2141:(Portail Biblissima)
1976:Annales de Normandie
1175:Schilter, J (1696).
589:English translation
422:in Latin (fol. 141r)
387:Gregory of Nazianzus
227:, "have") indicates
77:abbey of Saint-Amand
16:Old High German poem
1666:Haubrichs, Wolfgang
1618:Handschriftencensus
961:von Steinmeyer 1916
939:, pp. 209â210.
721:, pp. 242â244.
501:liber sancti amandi
442:(fol. 141v to 143r)
221:(l.24) for correct
164:are known for King
103:, 8th edition, 1921
51:Louis III of France
105:
25:
1748:978-3-11-024549-3
1534:978-3-11-022248-7
1427:978-3-11-095201-8
1377:by Paul Lefrancq"
903:, pp. 16â18.
621:
620:
566:Jan Frans Willems
395:Tyrannius Rufinus
336:Fol. 141v, bottom
108:the Latin rubric
61:on 3 August 881.
57:) raiders at the
2198:
2115:
2096:
2075:Yeandle, David N
2052:
2023:
2021:
2019:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1966:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1924:
1905:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1849:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1809:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1768:
1762:
1752:
1733:
1712:
1683:
1661:
1650:10.2307/43626303
1628:
1626:
1624:
1608:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1564:
1543:Green, Dennis H.
1538:
1519:
1482:
1463:
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586:Old High German
583:
535:Benedictine monk
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378:Fol. 143r, top,
375:
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2015:
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259:Romance dialect
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158:Old Norse verse
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53:, over Danish (
47:Old High German
17:
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5:
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2153:from Wright's
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2121:External links
2119:
2117:
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2071:
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2035:(2): 467â473.
2024:
1999:
1982:(4): 291â315.
1967:
1950:
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1919:
1906:
1882:Murdoch, Brian
1878:
1865:
1850:
1845:978-0521315654
1844:
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1436:Fouracre, Paul
1432:
1426:
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1387:(4): 447â448.
1368:
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1322:(1): 101â134.
1311:
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1255:
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1169:
1166:
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1161:, p. 239.
1151:
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1125:, p. 296.
1123:Schneider 2003
1115:
1103:
1091:
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1077:, p. 448.
1067:
1055:
1053:, p. 294.
1051:Schneider 2003
1043:
1031:
1019:
1007:
1005:, p. 242.
992:
977:
975:, p. 25*.
965:
953:
941:
929:
917:
913:Hellgardt 1996
905:
893:
881:
879:, p. 246.
866:
854:
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842:
838:Hellgardt 1996
830:
811:
809:, p. 298.
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154:oral tradition
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43:Song of Ludwig
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2107:
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2077:(1989). "The
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1896:(3): 841â67.
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1446:(q): 87â103.
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1107:
1101:, p. 33.
1100:
1095:
1088:
1087:Mabillon 1706
1083:
1076:
1075:Chambers 1946
1071:
1065:, p. 25.
1064:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1039:Platelle 1961
1035:
1028:
1027:Platelle 1961
1023:
1016:
1015:Bischoff 1971
1011:
1004:
999:
997:
989:
984:
982:
974:
969:
963:, p. 87.
962:
957:
951:, p. 67.
950:
945:
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937:Bauschke 2006
933:
926:
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909:
902:
897:
890:
889:Bischoff 1971
885:
878:
873:
871:
863:
858:
851:
846:
840:, p. 24.
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543:
539:
538:Jean Mabillon
536:
526:
522:
520:
516:
512:
507:
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491:
489:
488:piae memoriae
485:
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448:
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420:Saint Eulalia
416:
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346:
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280:WestfrÀnkisch
276:
275:West Frankish
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40:
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32:
31:
21:
2154:
2101:
2082:
2078:
2056:
2032:
2028:
2016:. Retrieved
2011:
2007:
1991:. Retrieved
1979:
1975:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1942:. Retrieved
1937:
1933:
1910:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1870:. Retrieved
1855:
1835:
1820:. Retrieved
1814:
1805:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1774:
1764:
1738:
1721:
1717:
1689:
1669:
1641:
1638:Medium Aevum
1637:
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1617:
1594:
1582:. Retrieved
1577:
1573:
1550:
1524:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1468:
1443:
1440:Medium Aevum
1439:
1409:
1396:. Retrieved
1384:
1380:
1374:
1356:. Retrieved
1341:
1319:
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1298:
1287:Bibliography
1259:
1247:. Retrieved
1241:
1228:. Retrieved
1222:
1218:Willems, J F
1202:. Retrieved
1196:
1183:. Retrieved
1177:
1154:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1106:
1094:
1082:
1070:
1058:
1046:
1034:
1022:
1010:
990:, p. 5.
988:HorvĂĄth 2014
973:Fischer 1966
968:
956:
944:
932:
920:
908:
896:
884:
864:, col. 1037.
862:Freytag 1985
857:
845:
833:
828:, p. 6.
802:
790:
778:
770:
765:
761:
753:
741:
736:, col. 1038.
734:Freytag 1985
714:
702:
697:, p. 7.
690:
663:
649:
645:
636:
632:
608:
595:
579:
569:
561:
554:
548:(1780), and
532:
523:
519:limp binding
514:
510:
497:
479:
463:
459:
457:
439:
426:
384:
380:(ll. 56â59).
366:(ll. 32â55).
322:Valenciennes
313:
311:
286:
271:bilingualism
248:West Francia
244:East Francia
237:
233:
229:interference
212:
207:
189:
187:
177:
149:
147:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:Dennis Green
119:
109:
106:
100:
87:
81:Valenciennes
74:
69:
63:
42:
38:
29:
28:
26:
2079:Ludwigslied
1961:Ludwigslied
1886:Ludwigslied
1765:Ars Metrica
1634:Ludwigslied
1623:27 February
1492:Ludwigslied
1003:Herweg 2013
901:Harvey 1945
826:Harvey 1945
795:Harvey 1945
766:Ludwigslied
746:Marold 2001
695:Harvey 1945
570:Ludwigslied
529:Rediscovery
515:Ludwigslied
480:Ludwigslied
464:Ludwigslied
440:Ludwigslied
435:(fol. 141v)
352:(ll. 8â31).
318:Saint-Amand
314:Ludwigslied
308:Description
190:Ludwigslied
30:Ludwigslied
2175:Categories
1940:(169): 129
1135:Grimm 1856
758:Green 2002
707:Green 2002
433:Old French
338:(ll. 1â7).
303:Manuscript
85:Old French
2014:: 291â306
1580:: 233â235
771:Preislied
364:Fol. 142v
350:Fol. 142r
210:prothetic
198:Rhineland
150:Preislied
66:Christian
2151:OHG text
2067:, 1991.
1993:12 March
1834:(2008).
1822:14 March
1791:14 March
1658:43626303
1644:: 1â20.
1584:15 March
1574:Germania
1545:(2002).
1496:Language
1460:43628867
1404:(Review)
1398:10 March
1358:12 March
1339:(1976).
1305:13 March
1230:10 March
1220:(1837).
1204:22 March
1168:Editions
762:Germania
555:In 1837
550:Lachmann
544:(1779),
513:and the
474:for the
462:and the
452:couplets
408:sequence
170:Louis II
116:Synopsis
45:) is an
2061:Madison
2049:3716800
2018:9 March
1957:Eulalia
1944:9 March
1872:5 March
1808:: 5â15.
1488:Eulalia
1393:3716756
1249:9 March
1185:9 March
576:Excerpt
494:Sources
389:in the
267:Walloon
162:encomia
35:English
2157:(1888)
2108:
2089:
2047:
1917:
1863:
1842:
1782:
1745:
1705:
1676:
1656:
1601:
1557:
1531:
1516:412747
1514:
1475:
1458:
1424:
1391:
1349:
1274:
764:. The
546:Bodmer
542:Herder
476:rubric
263:Picard
218:heigun
55:Viking
2045:JSTOR
1767:(11).
1761:(PDF)
1654:JSTOR
1512:JSTOR
1456:JSTOR
1389:JSTOR
624:Notes
506:verso
484:Latin
470:with
450:, 15
391:Latin
254:area.
224:eigun
202:Mainz
144:Genre
2106:ISBN
2087:ISBN
2020:2024
1995:2024
1946:2024
1915:ISBN
1874:2024
1861:ISBN
1840:ISBN
1824:2024
1793:2024
1780:ISBN
1743:ISBN
1722:1996
1703:ISBN
1674:ISBN
1625:2024
1599:ISBN
1586:2024
1555:ISBN
1529:ISBN
1473:ISBN
1422:ISBN
1400:2024
1360:2024
1347:ISBN
1307:2024
1272:ISBN
1251:2024
1232:2024
1206:2024
1187:2024
458:The
438:the
425:the
406:, a
312:The
33:(in
27:The
2037:doi
1984:doi
1898:doi
1726:doi
1695:doi
1646:doi
1636:".
1504:doi
1448:doi
1414:doi
1324:doi
1264:doi
490:).
431:in
192:is
176:'s
41:or
39:Lay
2177::
2063::
2043:.
2033:42
2031:.
2012:31
2010:.
2006:.
1980:53
1978:.
1974:.
1959:,
1938:43
1936:.
1932:.
1894:55
1892:.
1804:.
1763:.
1720:.
1701:.
1652:.
1642:14
1640:.
1616:.
1576:.
1572:.
1510:.
1500:55
1498:.
1454:.
1444:54
1442:.
1420:.
1385:41
1383:.
1379:.
1318:.
1270:.
1216:;
995:^
980:^
869:^
814:^
726:^
675:^
572:.
486::
92:.
70:He
37:,
2114:.
2095:.
2051:.
2039::
2022:.
1997:.
1986::
1948:.
1923:.
1904:.
1900::
1876:.
1848:.
1826:.
1806:9
1795:.
1751:.
1732:.
1728::
1711:.
1697::
1682:.
1660:.
1648::
1627:.
1607:.
1588:.
1578:1
1563:.
1537:.
1518:.
1506::
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1481:.
1462:.
1450::
1430:.
1416::
1402:.
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1362:.
1330:.
1326::
1320:5
1309:.
1280:.
1266::
1253:.
1234:.
1208:.
1189:.
1149:.
1137:.
1113:.
1089:.
927:.
915:.
748:.
685:.
277:(
265:-
261:(
213:h
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