Lutici - Knowledge

441: 1719:. The Lutici interpreted these incidents as bad omen, and departed determined to break the alliance with the emperor. Yet, an assembly was convoked where it was decided to re-enter the war on the emperor's side, and two Lutician armies again attacked Bolesław later in 1017. One Lutician army joined the emperor's forces in the siege of Glogau (Thietmar VII, 59), while the other attacked another stronghold of Bolesław and devastated the surrounding region once they had lost 100 men in an unsuccessful attempt to take it (Thietmar VII, 61). Günther, an eremite from Magdeburg, tried to mission in the Lutician lands during the same year without success. 2454:

reached the age of 60 years. The lower life expectancy of women results from puerperal mortality: An average woman gave birth to three to four children in intervals of three to four years. The average heights of adult males was 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) and 1.60 m (5 ft 3 in) for adult women. Medical research of teeth revealed a healthy diet with sufficient protein and low carbohydrate shares and a two-year breastfeeding period. Serious pathological deformations of bones were found in 28% of the adult Sanzkow skeletons, less serious ones in 44%. Most adults suffered from

492: 2084: 1599: 1928: 1581: 458: 509: 396: 40: 427: 382: 1115: 1299:). The strategically important Hevellian Brandenburg was sacked by Lutician forces and successfully defended against the Saxon margraves and Hevellian princes. Incidentally, the pagan Luticians appointed Kizo, a Saxon Christian, commander of the Brandenburg. Contemporary German chronicler Thietmar (VI, 25) blames the uprising on maltreatment of the Lutici by the margraves: "warriors, who used to be our servants, now free as a consequence of our injustices ." 1110: 475: 2414:) and Adam ("nine") might be explained with the symbolic use of these numbers, meant not to accurately describe Radgosc, but rather connect it to the underworld. The boar, who according to Thietmar came out of the lake prior to a war to take pleasure in the mud, thereby "terribly shaking and appearing to many", might likewise be a symbol Thietmar used for the devil rather than an actual oracle, in contrast to the horse oracle. 67: 2272: 2303:, "sun", to a distinct personalized deity with the name Riedegost. This could then have been adopted as the name of the temple (Radgosc) and as the name of the tribe settling there (Redarii). Following the alternative hypothesis, it was the other way around: Adam of Bremen and Helmold mistakenly adopted the name of the temple site as the name of the deity, which was correctly identified by Thietmar and corresponds with 1887:, Henry IV offered to the Lutici the chance of conquering as much Saxon land as they desired. The Saxon nobles then tried to also win the Lutici as allies against Henry IV: Among the Lutici, another civil war broke out between the factions supporting either Otto or Henry, resulting in a high death toll. As a consequence, the Lutici were unable to attack either Henry or Otto. However, due to the emerging 1303: 2387:) of these deities were stored inside the temple and were only to leave the room during a war. Thietmar wrote this when the Lutici were allies of the emperor, an alliance he opposed, and included his Radgosc report with the purpose of advising the Germans against it. He also explicitly turned to the reader and advised them to not follow the Lutician cult, but instead adhere to the Holy Bible. 2462:, likewise primarily affecting males, and other skeleton deformations, this points to high physical strain especially of the male population. An extraordinarily high rate of bone fractures (15% of the adult population, primarily men) indicates massive involvement in battles and accidents. Skull injuries from strokes, swords and arrows were also common. Two bodies at Sanzkow were buried as 778:

assemblies, decisions were made based on consensus, and once a decision had been made it was enforced by "severe punishment" of any violations. While similar types of government have been postulated for archaic Slavic societies, this was unusual for contemporary ones, who were usually led by a prince, duke or king asserting power via feudal dependencies.

2153:, all under Wartislaw's rule) in 1124/25. Bolesław III of Poland had subdued Wartislaw after his abovementioned Lutician campaign, and in 1127 was on the verge of attacking Wartislaw again because of the latter's Lutician conquests, which had considerably strengthened Wartislaw's position. When Otto of Bamberg waited for Wartislaw I in 1700:(Easter 1007). The Lutician and Bohemian envoys demanded a prompt attack on Bolesław, yet Henry faced considerable opposition of several nobles against a renewed war. The war (1007–1013) was then started by Bolesław, and sources do not mention Lutician participation. The next record of the Lutici in the sources is of negotiations in 1684:

blames delays that prevented the imperial army from decisively defeating Bolesław on the Lutici, and obviously it was not in the Lutician interest to eliminate Bolesław's threat to Henry as this was the basis for the German-Lutician alliance preventing the resumption of German campaigns into Lutician

1310:

In the Obodrite principality, the Luticians initiated a revolt aimed at the abolishment of feudal rule and Christianity, drawing on consideral support from the Obodrite populace. In part, the Obodrite revolt was successful: the princely family, though in part remaining Christian, dissolved Christian

777:

This type of government had its roots in the Veleti period: since the mid-9th century, no Veleti princes or kings are recorded, and archaeology has revealed that in this period, many small strongholds were built in the area, in part on the ruins of the earlier, large strongholds. During the Lutician

600:. In contrast to the former and the neighboring peoples, the Lutici were not led by a Christian monarch or duke, rather power was asserted through consensus formed in central assemblies of the social elites, and the Lutici worshipped nature and several deities. The political and religious center was 2254:

The maintenance of temple sites marks the transition from the worship of nature to the worship of idols representing personalized deities, a trend that in historiography is interpreted as resulting from contacts to Christianity. While the erection of cult sites flourished since the 10th century, an

2241:

or at springs, lakes, and rivers. There, worship and sacrificing were done in the open without the support of priests. In addition, the Lutici maintained several cult sites. The density of Lutician temples was the highest in the whole Slavic settlement area. As of 2002, about twenty such cult sites

1982:

territories had virtually disappeared. On the other hand, Lothair then followed an expansionist policy himself. Among the tribes he campaigned against, regardless of whether they were within the Obodrite sphere of interest, were also the Kessini, whose prince Dumar was subdued, along with his sons,

1526:. While Henry the Quarrelsome died before the campaign started in 995, and his son Henry IV (II) thereupon returned to Bavaria to secure his succession, the participant's list and the assembled force distinguished this campaign from the mostly Saxon campaigns mounted to crush the rebellion before. 1445:

The first such campaign in which Otto III participated was in 986, when Otto was six years old. In 991, at the age of eleven, he participated in the temporary reconquest of Brandenburg, which was soon lost again due to the treason of a Saxon defector. In 992, he participated again in the subsequent

734:

documents do not mention the Veleti at all, while repeatedly referencing Redarians, Tollensians, Circipanes and other tribes in the respective area. Furthermore, there are only very few mentions of the Veleti in 10th-century sources: in addition to beforementioned records, the Veleti are referenced

627:. However, by 1033 the alliance broke apart, and a German–Lutician war broke out that lasted until 1035, when the Lutici became tributaries of the empire again, but otherwise retained their independence. A civil war between the core tribes began the decline of the Lutici in 1056/57. The neighboring 2535:

was "reformed" (improved) by wooden temples and priesthood as a high social class with political influence. Almost every Polabian tribe had its own pagan cult of a deity of military function or some version of the supreme god, whose high priests had sometimes military retinue and were equal to the

2250:

took over the leading role after Radgosc's destruction. Cult sites such as Radgosc were maintained by priests, and since in Lutician society politics was closely tied to religious beliefs and not ruled by a secular monarch, the Radgosc priests were extremely influential. According to Thietmar (VI,

1730:

dukes, during the same year. They justified the attack with the fact that the Obodrites had not participated in the war. The Lutici were supported by part of the Obodrites, and the resulting revolt expelled Obodrite duke Mstislav to Saxony and destroyed the see in Oldenburg. This caused the Danish

773:

in the east, with the core formed by four tribes: Redarians, Tolensians, Kessinians and Circipanians. Within the federation, power was asserted by representatives of the clans and settlement communities (the "elders"). The highest political institution of both Veleti and Lutici was the assembly of

852:

The name of the Lutici has survived in its many Latinized spelling variants used by contemporary chroniclers, most of which are still used in modern historiography in addition to their English, German and Polish renderings. The etymology of these terms is not sure, it has been proposed that they

2453:

revealed that 25.8% of the buried children were under the age of 6 years, another 4.4% under the age of 12 years, adding to an estimated infant mortality of 20%. For those who reached adulthood, the average death age was 40.7 years (males) and 34.1 years (females), and only 4.4%, primarily men,

1421:

and German campaigns vice versa are recorded for nearly every year of his kingship. Thereby, the Saxons experienced several difficulties resulting from the de-central organization of the Lutici. Apart from the attempted reconquest of the lost sees of the bishoprics, the Saxon armies faced wide

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on 6 June 1133, he also issued a document addressed at bishop Norbert of Magdeburg listing a "Bishopric of Stettin" for the Lutician areas between Elbe and Oder, and a Pomeranian bishopric for the areas east of the Oder. These bishoprics however never materialized, instead the

1561:. Eventually he settled for a mission to the Prussians, who killed him on 23 April 997. Also in 997, Otto III mounted a last campaign into the areas held by the Lutici, targeting the Hevelli. Afterwards, Otto III instead focussed on plans to re-organize the Holy Roman Empire. 1804:

A subsequent campaign mounted primarily by Saxon nobles resulted in the defeat of the Lutici, who had to agree to a high tribute and provide hostages. Despite the defeat, the Lutici retained their autonomy, and the bishoprics of Brandenburg and Havelberg were not reinstated.

1845:

II, 79), Gottschalk went to the "Slavic lands with a mighty force, attacked everybody and caused great fear among the pagans". In 1057, again with the support of Bernard II and Sven Estridson, Gottschalk subdued the Kessini and Circipani and integrated them into his realm.

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According to Fritze (1982), this reflects the uncertain nomenclature after the Veleti's decline, at least as a political entity, in the mid-9th century. A variant of the designation "Lutici" was first recorded in the annals of Hildesheim in 991, and starting in eastern

1685:

territory. On the other hand, the delays were caused also by corrupt guides and several Saxon nobles, who also opposed campaigns against Christian Bolesław and rather supported re-establishing control and mission of the pagan Lutici. The campaign was aborted near

2320:

is honoured with due gift upon their fortunate return, and it is carefully determined by lot and horse , what sacrifices the priests have to make to the deities. When in their unspeakable wrath however, they are comforted with the blood of animals and humans."

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for the year 1068, describing its capture by bishop Burchard and the abduction of its sacred horse. It is assumed that Radgosc was destroyed either in this or one of the following campaigns, probably it was destroyed and rebuilt several times since Ebo's

3974:

Hengst, Karlheinz (2005). ""Es gibt keine bösen Völker - nur böseMenschen". Beobachtungen zum Slawenbild im Mittelalter. Die Slawen als Nachbarn der Deutschen aus Sicht eines Bischofs in Mitteldeutschland vor 1000 Jahren". In Kersten, Sandra (ed.).

642:, the bishop of Mecklenburg, was captured and sacrificed at Radgosc. As a consequence, the bishop of Halberstadt and the emperor sacked and destroyed Radgosc in subsequent campaigns, and its role as the leading pagan cult site was taken over by the 1668:, conquered in 1003. Furthermore, Bolesław supported the inner-German opposition to Henry. This led Henry to abandon the reconquest of the Lutician areas, and instead offer them an alliance against Bolesław, first recorded at a meeting in 1405:

While neither Mstivoj (also Mistui, died between 992 and 995), nor his son and successor Mstislav were present at the 986 meeting, they continued to maintain close ties to the empire, despite their participation in campaigns into Saxon

2383:). Inside the castle, there was a wooden temple grounded on animal horns, and in this temple there were idols of several deities, who each had a name engraved and wore helmet and armor, with Zuarasici being the highest deity. Guidons ( 719:. Incidentally, this list also contains the first mention of the Veleti after beforementioned gap, and the Redarians are listed as a separate entity from the Veleti. In 955, the Tollensians and Circipanians are first mentioned in the 708:(Chronica Slavorum I,2) says "Hii quatuor populi a fortidudine Wilzi sive Lutici appellantur." Modern scholarship sometimes refers to both entities by a double name, e.g. "Wilzen-Lutizen" in German or "Wieleci-Lucice" in Polish. 1050:), and alternative theories connect their name to a hypothetical river "Rada" or propose a translation as "red-haired people". Earlier theories translating "Redarii" as "farmers", "plowers" or "warriors" have been refuted. 1859:

In 1066, the Lutici were involved in the Obodrite revolt, in the course of which Gottschalk was slain, his wife and her abigails were chased out of Mecklenburg naked, and a monk, Ansvar, and others were stoned to death in

2410:), that could be reached by a wooden bridge by those who wanted to sacrifice or ask the oracle. 12th-century chronicler Helmold largely followed Adam's version. The difference in the numbers used by Thietmar ("three", 1868:, who was carried to Radgosc, where his severed head was sacrificed to Redigost. However, Halberstadt bishop Burchard sacked Radgosc in the winter of 1067/1068, and as a symbol of his victory rode home on the temple's 1449:

Thus, Otto III organized a campaign involving an abundance of princes of the empire, which was also the first campaign he led as an independent ruler, since before 994/995 he had been under the tutelage of his mother

2157:

in 1128 to convert the Lutici, the Pomeranian duke appeared with two armies, and according to Otto's biographer Herbod looted and burned the surrounding areas before he held talks with Otto about the conversion.

2060:, this time by Obodrite prince Sventipolk. A son of Henry (deceased 1125), Sventipolk struggled for his father's heritage against his brother Knud. In his campaign against the Kessini he was supported by 1672:

on 28 March 1003. Since the Lutici remained pagan, this policy was widely criticized in the empire, especially by the clergy. By 1004, Henry had expelled Bolesław from Bohemia and adjacent territories in

812:

have most probably resulted in a common identity, evidently in mutual solidarity expressed by the common councils and combined military campaigns. Thietmar (VIII/5) refers to the resulting way of life as

2173:, before he mediated in the dispute between Wartislaw I and Bolesław III. Bolesław aborted his preparations for war, and in turn Wartislaw accepted Bolesław's superiority for his territories east of the 1762:

in 1033. Whether Lutician forces participated in the campaigns is not known. With Poland defeated and disintegrating in a civil war, the German–Lutician alliance had lost its basis, and a new war began.

1556:

during the fall. Adalbert, who in Rome and with the pope's consent had agreed on going on a mission into pagan territory, yet he was still undecided on whether he should try to convert the Lutici or the

2466:. For one of those, there is evidence for a head injury that might have resulted in brain dysfunctions: this man was buried with three large rocks placed on his face, breast and legs. One woman had a 5426: 5024: 5004: 1735:

to intervene in 1019, and the duke of Saxony and the bishop of Bremen, previously in a dispute about influence in the Obodrite areas, combined their forces in 1020 and ended the revolt in 1021.

3582:, with reference to Enders says that "it was proposed that Bolesław on his way to the Müritz destroyed the Ukrainian stronghold Nieden on the Ucker river in the north of the later Uckermark". 711:

In the second half of the 9th century, the Veleti disappeared from written records. Lutician tribes first appear in written records after this gap: the Redarii were mentioned first in 928 by

2279:, claiming to be the site of Radgosc (Rethra). However, a scholarly consensus on the temple's location has not yet been established, and various theories have been forwarded and refuted. 1833:

and his sons had been killed in battle in 1043, Gottschalk had established himself as the new ruler of the Obodrite and part of the Lutician realm with the support of Sven Estridson and

1711:

damaged a Lutician idol, and Henry II had to reconcile them with twelve pounds of silver. Secondly, they lost fifty warriors and an idol of a female deity in a flood while crossing the

1758:; Conrad's answer, however, is not recorded. From 1029 to 1032, the emperor mounted several campaigns against Miesko II, utterly defeating him and forcing him into the disadvantageous 650:. Another civil war in the 1070s led to a further decline of the Lutician federation, who then were unable to resist conquests and looting by their neighbors in the following decades. 3481:", Bolesław penetrated deep into Lutician territory. He advanced towards Müritz lake and devastated the area so thoroughly that it was nearly devoid of humans, as reported by Ebo." 1813:

In 1056/1057, the Lutician federation disintegrated in a civil war. Kessini and Circipani fought against Tollensians and Redarii. The dispute was decided by an intervention of the

1772: 1529:

The 995 campaign also played a role in Bohemian history: Boleslaus II, against his promises, made use of the absence of his rival Soběslav, marched on the latter's stronghold in

2061: 1696:, while "with words and money" trying to instigate Lutician and Bohemian campaigns against Henry at the same time, according to the testimony of Lutician and Bohemian envoys at 774:

the free, yet in contrast to the Veleti who were led by a prince, the Lutici were a "tribe without a ruler", meaning political power was asserted via discourse in an assembly.

2299:(I, 2). This is interpreted by historians and linguists in different ways: probably, the different names mark the transition from an appellativum related with the Iranian root 781:

Though missing a monarch, the Lutici had a social hierarchy. Political power was asserted by nobles, priests and free farmers. A reference to social differentiation is made by

1042:

around Radgosc. In the latter case though, it is unknown whether the name of the deity is the root of the stronghold's and the tribe's name or if it is the other way around (

5657: 5639: 3529:"Ekspansja polska i niemiecka zetknęłyby się w taki sposób ze sobą na przestrzeni górnego biegu Piany od Jeziora Morzyckiego ewentualnie po okolice dzisiejszego Stralsundu." 1704:

in November 1012, confirming the alliance of 1003. Considerable Lutician forces participated in the two following campaigns of Henry II against Bolesław in 1015 and 1017.

5979: 1955: 840:(Brandenburg), the Redarii became a dominant regional power themselves after the 930s. This is documented by the amount of silver tribute the Redarii were to pay to the 4122:. Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission zu Berlin beim Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut der Freien Universität Berlin (in German). Vol. 13. Walter de Gruyter. 1932: 5600: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4166:

MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi (SS rer. Germ.) II. Magistrati Adam Bremensis. Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum (Scan)

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When Henry II died, Bolesław I of Poland used the power vacuum in the empire to crown himself king in 1025. While he died in the same year, his son and successor

5161: 5019: 5914: 1798: 5651: 689:(Wilzi, Wilci), who are referred to by sources of the late 8th and first half of the 9th centuries as having inhabited the same region, and according to the 5009: 2328:, and the successful beginning of the revolt of 1066 was according to Adam of Bremen celebrated in Radgosc by the ritual decapitation of captured bishop 1417:

Handling of the Lutician rebellion thus became a central objective for the young king, and several campaigns of the Lutici and Obodriti into the eastern

623:. Hostilities continued until 997. Thereafter, tensions with the empire eased, and in 1003 the Lutici entered an alliance with the emperor against duke 1570: 4038:. Europa im Mittelalter. Abhandlungen und Beiträge zur historischen Komparatistik (in German). Vol. 5. Berlin: Akademie Verlag. pp. 91–110. 2445:

Archaeological records suggest an average life expectancy of 20 to 30 years, primarily due to a high infant and child mortality. Excavations in the

4171:

MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi (SS rer. Germ.) XXXII. Helmoldi Presbyteri Bozovienis. Chronica Slavorum (Scan)

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siege of Brandenburg, where the Saxon army suffered heavy casualties before it was victorious in 993. In 994 however, the war's tide turned again.

5070: 1891:, Henry IV had to shift his focus away from the Lutician areas, so the remaining Lutici retained their independence. In 1090, the Obodrite prince 5144: 4551: 4409: 1801:, retaliated with a large-scale campaign into the Lutician territories. The result was inconclusive, with both sides suffering heavy casualties. 1707:

In 1017 however, two incidents led to the temporary departure of the Lutici from the campaign. First, a stone's throw of a compagnon of margrave

5060: 2260: 1987:, whose army included 300 Circipanian cavalry. Several subsequent campaigns of Lothair into the Lutician areas followed between 1115 and 1127. 1746:, and coveted the Lutici territories. Conrad renewed the German–Lutician alliance. In 1028, Mieszko invaded and devastated the area east of the 1154: 3531: 1793:

and thus refrained from immediate retaliation. In 1035, the Lutici sacked Werben after an act of treason and killed most of the defendants.

5166: 4207: 1899:. After an Obodrite revolt was quelled in 1093, Henry expanded eastward in several campaigns, and subdued all Lutician areas north of the 1438:), a characterization that applied to the following campaigns as well. Following a hypothesis forwarded in modern historiography, e.g. by 1026:

The names of the four subtribes relate to their respective settlement areas: the Kessini around their main stronghold Kessin on the lower

4015: 3918: 2620: 1267:

In 983, the Lutici initiated an open rebellion, and in the ensuing war (983–995) succeeded in revoking imperial control over most of the

788:

Whether or not the Lutician tribes had a common ethnic identity remains speculative: The cultural differences to the neighboring tribes (

653:

During the first half of the 12th century, the settlement area of the Lutici was partitioned between Obodrite principalities, the later

5803: 3936:

Fritze, Wolfgang H. (1982). "Beobachtungen zu Entstehung und Wesen des Lutizenbundes". In Kuchenbuch, Ludolf; Schich, Winfried (eds.).

785:(Chronicon VI, 25), who reported a progressive fine system imposing higher fines for offenses on persons with a higher social status. 669:(east). The Lutici were converted to Christianity, and in the 13th century were assimilated by German settlers and became part of the 2392: 1912: 1842: 1680:

The Lutici, who participated in the campaign, caused dismay among the Christian army when carrying idols of their deities with them.

745: 5080: 1916: 730:

This co-listing of Veleti with Redarians, Tollensians and/or Circipanians was however not repeated in subsequent records, e.g. the

3558:

in: Heimatkalender des Kreises Prenzlau 8/1933, p. 128, proposed that the Nadam destroyed by Bolesław in 1121 was near Nieden, an

4999: 4262: 1789:. A Saxon relief army was defeated, whereby 42 knights were killed. Emperor Conrad II however focussed on securing succession in 5055: 5782: 5154: 4835: 4808: 4652: 4232: 3940:. Germania Slavica III (in German). Vol. 6. Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut der Freien Universität Berlin. pp. 130–166. 3497:

Die Slawen in Deutschland. Geschichte und Kultur der slawischen Stämme westlich von Oder und Neiße vom 6. bis 12. Jahrhundert,

4676: 4664: 4536: 4524: 4394: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4108: 4003: 3996:

Die Slawen in Deutschland: Geschichte und Kultur der slawischen Stämme westlich von Oder und Neiße vom 6. bis 12. Jahrhundert

3964: 3412: 2589: 2091: 743:, this name was gradually adopted by other chroniclers. The first mention of the Kessinians is an entry in Adam von Bremen's 4875: 4855: 3595:(Schriften der Sektion für Vor- und Frühgeschichte / Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, vol. 23), Berlin 1968, 3566:(Schriften der Sektion für Vor- und Frühgeschichte / Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, vol. 23), Berlin 1968, 2396:

when Radgosc was already in decline, and gave a somewhat differing account: according to him, Radgosc, "seat of the idols" (

5471: 5045: 4880: 4870: 4865: 4693: 4688: 4640: 4635: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4512: 4497: 4446: 4421: 4332: 4322: 4257: 4252: 3915:

Archäologie der westlichen Slawen. Siedlung, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im früh- und hochmittelalterlichen Ostmitteleuropa

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Slawen und Deutsche in der Uckermark. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Siedlungsentwicklung vom 11. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert

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by Henry. However, Lothair and Henry became engaged in a struggle of their own. When in 1115 Lothair defeated Henry in the

4989: 4426: 4176:

MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi (SS rer. Germ.) LXXII. Annales Quedlinburgenses (Scan)

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MGH Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum Nova Series (SS rer. Germ. N.S.) IX. Thietmari Merseburgensis Episcopi. Chronicon (Scan)

4103:. Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern (in German). Vol. 41 (2 ed.). Köln/Weimar: Böhlau. 3503:, in: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde (ZVLGA), vol. 80 (2000), pp. 63-163, here pp. 2458:, especially men above the age of twenty years, but also women above the age of thirty years. Combined with high rates of 5118: 5050: 2329: 1865: 639: 5014: 5920: 3574:

vol. 8/2 (Uckermark), Weimar 1986, p. 710 agree and relate Nieden to Bolesław's 1121 Müritz campaign. Kirsch, Kerstin:

1491: 5075: 3504: 5874: 5839: 5065: 4127: 4043: 4024: 3984: 3945: 3926: 1442:, these campaigns had not the primary purpose of a reconquest, but rather the purpose of looting and taking revenge. 1350:

shortly after the rebellion started, and three weeks later, his three-year-old son Otto III was crowned and anointed

1283:

were de facto annihilated. The rebellion did not only affect Lutician territories, but also those of the neighboring

4777: 2165:, where they accepted Christianity upon Otto's and Wartislaw's appearance. Otto then destroyed the pagan temples at 5205: 4820: 4200: 4034:

Lübke, Christian (2002). "Zwischen Polen und dem Reich. Elbslawen und Gentilreligion". In Borgolte, Michael (ed.).

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In 1121, Lothair mounted another successful campaign against the Kessini, this time sacking their main stronghold

1315:

had to abandon his bishopric. The Obodrite rebels destroyed the see in Oldenburg and also the see of the diocese,

5926: 4922: 2430: 2015: 2483: 2118: 5171: 5668: 5123: 4973: 4850: 3547: 3501:

Kämpfe und Herrschaft Heinrichs von (Alt-) Lübeck und Lothars von Supplingenburg im Slawenland 1093/1106-1125

3468: 2177:, while for the Lutician areas his superior was Lothair. When the pope crowned Lothair Holy Roman Emperor at 1794: 1775: 1743: 1515: 1378: 1369:

The coronation was not undisputed: an oppositional group had formed in the empire supporting the kingship of

2064:. However, Sventipolk, his son Swinike and his brother Knud were all murdered in 1128, and in 1129 Lothair ( 5932: 5679: 5178: 5139: 3593:

Siedlung, Wirtschaft und gesellschaftliche Verhältnisse der slawischen Stämme zwischen Oder/Neisse und Elbe

3564:

Siedlung, Wirtschaft und gesellschaftliche Verhältnisse der slawischen Stämme zwischen Oder/Neisse und Elbe

1873: 1853: 1818: 1754:. Thus, in the same year, Lutician delegates asked Conrad for help against "tyrant Mieszko" at a synode in 1661: 1627: 1619: 1605: 1587: 1475: 1324: 720: 2205:

of 1147 targeted the Obodrite and Lutician areas. After a period of Danish rule in the northern part, the

5383: 4910: 4797: 4587: 4464: 4193: 2072:, who was however murdered by a relative in 1131. His successor in the eastern Obodrite realm, up to the 1951: 1402:

of Easter 986 Otto III was accepted as king by the opposition, including the Bohemian and Polish dukes.

1335: 1148: 716: 4669: 4659: 4604: 2417:

The location of the former temple of Radgosc is still unknown. Theories that Radgosc might have been at

1548:

was also in Rome, and both Otto and Adalbert left – on different routes – in June 996, to meet again in

5617: 5612: 5466: 4891: 4860: 4507: 4227: 3476: 2218: 2138: 1834: 1170: 1142: 797: 662: 474: 465: 4755: 4181:

MGH V Scriptorum III. Annales Augustani (Scan of page 128, containing Burchard's 1068 Rethra campaign)

2221:(successor of the Northern March) had consolidated in the former Lutician areas. In the course of the 1726:(1018) ended the war between Henry and Bolesław, and the Lutici attacked their western neighbors, the 5742: 3524: 2418: 2256: 2225:

in the 13th century, the Lutici were assimilated by German settlers, ultimately becoming part of the

1830: 1790: 5025:

Apostolic Administration of Kamień (Cammin), Lubusz (Lebus) and the Prelature of Piła (Schneidemühl)

4062:

Petersohn, Jürgen (2003). "König Otto III und die Slawen an Ostsee, Oder und Elbe um das Jahr 995".

5950: 5759: 5748: 5737: 3567: 3488: 1487: 837: 635: 202: 4307: 3543: 3464: 1995: 5984: 5897: 5892: 5809: 5674: 5606: 5589: 5481: 5476: 5448: 4994: 4379: 2126: 1892: 1888: 1638:", symbolizing the Slavic lands, is depicted in the above, but missing in the below illustration. 1479: 4374: 1519: 1511: 1389:

were among the latter's supporters. All of them had accepted Henry's claim to the throne at the

624: 5845: 5628: 5242: 5110: 4905: 4707: 4592: 4454: 3551: 2353: 1967: 1879:

In 1073 however, Henry IV sought to win the Lutici as allies against a Saxon opposition led by

1319:. The ensuing war with the Saxons however culminated in the sack of the Obodrite stronghold of 1312: 1280: 1276: 5028: 4813: 4782: 1692:

Afterwards, Bolesław negotiated an anti-Lutician alliance "in Christo" with unknown nobles at

1495: 5663: 5633: 5498: 5431: 4436: 3579: 2455: 2083: 1681: 1471: 1422:

heaths, lake- and woodlands that lacked targets suitable to decide the war. According to the

1374: 1229: 1192: 782: 250: 4885: 4698: 4578: 1657: 5850: 5815: 5461: 5262: 5247: 4915: 4529: 4364: 4216: 1975: 1739: 1262: 844:, and the failure of the latter to permanently subdue the area despite multiple campaigns. 654: 66: 5945:

Convention on the International Commission on the Protection of the Oder against Pollution

5237: 4896: 4327: 1864:. Adam of Bremen (III, 51) further recorded the capture of the elderly Mecklenburg bishop 8: 5886: 5753: 5707: 5526: 5516: 5348: 5257: 5232: 4979: 4845: 4502: 4013:

Lübke, Christian (2001). "Lutizen. Historisches". In Beck, Heinrich; et al. (eds.).

2371:), two of which could be reached by land, while the third and smallest one faced a lake ( 2183: 2065: 1759: 1742:

also took on the royal title, denied paying homage to the successor of Henry II, emperor

1649: 1645: 1530: 1507: 1467: 1463: 1382: 1351: 1180: 1166: 735:

only in the annals of St. Gallen in 995 and in the annals of Quedlinburg in 995 and 997.

690: 426: 420: 323: 198: 5713: 4792: 4055:

Starigard/Oldenburg. Ein slawischer Herrschersitz des frühen Mittelalters in Ostholstein

1895:

had consolidated the Obodrite realm with Danish and Saxon support, and killed his rival

1876:

led a follow-up campaign into the Lutician territories, looting and pillaging the area.

5862: 5833: 5821: 5770: 5719: 5684: 5521: 5282: 4984: 4830: 4787: 4760: 4750: 4630: 4625: 4492: 4487: 4404: 4369: 4317: 4312: 4087: 3578:. Forschungen zur Geschichte und Kultur des östlichen Europa, vol. 21, Stuttgart 2004, 2210: 2115: 1948: 1927: 1598: 1545: 1523: 1235: 1186: 724: 712: 666: 5583: 5302: 4772: 4681: 4546: 2311:. According to a third theory, Riedegost was the second name of Thietmar's Zuarasici. 1534: 1215: 5989: 5938: 5880: 5856: 5725: 5594: 5571: 5506: 5267: 5252: 4611: 4477: 4416: 4389: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4288: 4139:"Vampir- und Wiedergängererscheinungen aus volkskundlicher und archäologischer Sicht" 4123: 4104: 4091: 4079: 4039: 4020: 3999: 3980: 3960: 3941: 3922: 3520:

Maleczynski, Karol: Bolesław III Krzywousty, Lwow 1939 (repr. Wroclaw 1975), p. 154:

3408: 2585: 2206: 2194: 2053:

area. With his campaigns, Lothair renewed the German claim to the areas lost in 983.

1884: 1615: 1580: 1455: 1331: 862: 841: 809: 762: 705: 612: 608: 440: 434: 291: 245: 125: 4036:

Polen und Deutschland vor 1000 Jahren. Die Berliner Tagung über den "Akt von Gnesen"

3957:

Franks, Northmen, and Slavs. Identities and state formation in early medieval Europe

2324:

According to Helmold of Bosau, the revolt of 983 was started after a meeting at the

1959: 1053:

The names of these tribes likewise survived in various spelling variants, including

5908: 5902: 5764: 5690: 5622: 5577: 5414: 5292: 5272: 4541: 4431: 4399: 4339: 4071: 2577: 2541: 2296: 2198: 1880: 1732: 1723: 1320: 1160: 1101: 731: 697:). Whether the Lutici were ethnically identical with the Veleti remains unproven. 508: 499: 270: 2446: 576:

tribes, who between the 10th and 12th centuries lived in what is now northeastern

5868: 5776: 5731: 5645: 5511: 5488: 5287: 5277: 5227: 4957: 4839: 4517: 4384: 4359: 2544:

than other Slavic peoples who had less organized paganism and was practiced as a

2528: 2348: 2202: 2134: 2087: 1708: 1418: 1343: 805: 740: 704:(Gesta II,22) refers to them as "Leuticios, qui alio nomine Wilzi dicuntur", and 701: 545: 491: 482: 341: 136: 4740: 3959:. Cursor mundi. Vol. 5. Geary, Patrick J.; Urbańczyk, Przemysław. Brepols. 2581: 5827: 5343: 4735: 4441: 4302: 3977:

Spiegelungen. Entwürfe zu Identität und Alterität. Festschrift für Elke Mehnert

2537: 2536:

chiefs or politically stronger. This made a pagan cults more organized and the

2532: 2493: 2459: 2352:(III, 5) mentions the destruction of "the Lutician civitas and temple" by king 1984: 1971: 1838: 1826: 1541: 1431: 1427: 1268: 1124: 658: 620: 573: 457: 448: 146: 82: 5973: 5787: 5393: 5094: 4802: 4647: 4297: 4138: 4083: 4075: 3522:"Na zachodzie podbój polski objął znowuż zapewne miejscowości Kocków i Dymin" 2572:

Warner, David A. (1 January 2013). "The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg".

2545: 2304: 2162: 1869: 1782: 1558: 1272: 1174: 1136: 616: 401: 395: 263: 231: 2251:

25), every Lutician region had its own temple, each home to a special idol.

2030:

stronghold of Nadam, following a thesis that Nadam was located near today's

2026:." Enders (1986) says that during the same campaign, Bolesław destroyed the 2006:

region. According to Maleczynski (1939), Bolesław thereby "most likely took

1750:

river in a campaign which also affected the Lutician associate tribe of the

5358: 5297: 5209: 4825: 2422: 2242:

have been identified, with Radgosc being the most important one before the

2238: 1533:(Libitz an der Cidlina) and killed the members of his family, the opposing 1439: 1407: 585: 541: 159: 1209: 1021:* as adopted from contemporary Latin sources by Anglo-Saxon historiography 39: 5420: 5398: 4459: 2471: 2434: 2247: 2222: 2214: 2069: 2037:

Herrmann (1968) proposed that Bolesław's campaign followed a fork of the

1669: 1390: 1245: 1097: 1039: 700:

Contemporary chronicles sometimes connect the Lutici to the Veleti, e.g.

674: 647: 593: 235: 107: 1644:

After the Lutici gained independence, Otto III allied against them with

1540:

In early 996, Otto III left for Rome to receive the imperial crown from

607:

The Lutici were first recorded by written sources in the context of the

5456: 5388: 4765: 4185: 1903:

river. In 1100/1101, Henry's combined Obodrite and Saxon forces sieged

1697: 1114: 589: 570: 227: 207: 142: 78: 2314:

Thietmar (VI, 25) details Radgosc's elevated position as follows: "To

2170: 2050: 2049:, via Nieden. In 1127, a campaign of Lothair was also targeted at the 2011: 1983:

in 1114. This campaign was supported by the (nominal) margrave of the

1109: 5378: 5338: 4719: 4616: 3793:

Schmidt (2009), p. 79, with detailed analysis on the following pages.

3559: 2549: 2488: 2243: 2189:

In 1134, Lothair gave the Northern March, i.e. the area south of the

2150: 2038: 2023: 1963: 1904: 1861: 1814: 1727: 1693: 1549: 1451: 1284: 789: 643: 628: 604:(also referred to by several other names, e.g. Riedegost or Rethra). 581: 273: 241: 220: 172: 49: 4019:(in German). Vol. 19 (2 ed.). de Gruyter. pp. 51–53. 2259:, and a cult site surrounded by planks was found in the fortress of 2003: 1755: 1686: 596:(Tholenzi). At least in part, the Lutici were a continuation of the 5353: 4730: 4725: 2407:

templum ibi magnum constructum est demonibus, princeps est Redigast

2146: 2103: 2046: 1936: 1483: 1459: 1035: 757:

The Lutici were a federation of several smaller tribes between the

266: 189: 177: 155: 2271: 2002:

region deep into Lutician territory, reaching and devastating the

215: 193: 163: 5328: 2467: 2463: 2400:) was surrounded by a deep lake and had nine gates. He described 2226: 2166: 2042: 1908: 1822: 1751: 1674: 1665: 1503: 1411: 1386: 1370: 1359: 1339: 1316: 1292: 1225: 829: 825: 821: 793: 670: 601: 577: 527: 211: 185: 181: 168: 2161:

Wartislaw had also convened a meeting of the Lutician nobles at

2018:, "German and Polish expansion met at Müritz lake and the upper 1922: 1614:

Contemporary illustrations of the personalized provinces of the

5368: 5363: 5318: 2498: 2450: 2426: 2308: 2154: 2107: 2077: 2031: 2027: 2007: 1991: 1966:

rebelled against German authority. The uprising was quelled by

1849: 1771: 1716: 1701: 1586:"Sclavinia", "Germania", "Gallia" and "Roma" with presents for 1430:: "with fire and slaughter, they devastated the whole region" ( 1394: 1363: 1241: 1221: 1027: 801: 758: 686: 597: 387: 381: 327: 150: 97: 55: 1454:, and after her death, under the tutelage of his grandmother, 1302: 5333: 5323: 2503: 2276: 2190: 2129:. Thence the Pomeranian dukes occasionally styled themselves 2099: 2073: 2057: 2019: 1979: 1900: 1896: 1781:

In 1033, a Lutician army repeatedly attacked the fortress of

1747: 1712: 1553: 1355: 1031: 833: 766: 715:, who listed them in the context of Slavic tribes subdued by 4120:

Forschungen zur brandenburgischen und preußischen Geschichte

3475:(Mitteldeutsche Forschungen, vol. 3), Münster/Cologne 1955, 1426:, the first Saxon campaign of 985 thus followed a tactic of 723:, likewise in addition to the Veleti, in the context of the 5944: 2186:

was founded in 1140 for the areas then ruled by Wartislaw.

2178: 2174: 2142: 2111: 1999: 1940: 1786: 1499: 1347: 770: 2068:

since 1125) gave the "kingdom of the Obodrites" to Danish

1915:, while his son Mistue looted the territory of the nearby 1564: 5005:

Prince-Episcopal Delegation for Brandenburg and Pomerania

3499:

Berlin 1985, pp. 385, 552 (fn. 15); Gaethke, Hans-Otto:

2255:

idol dating to the 7th to 8th century has been found in

1994:

and subduing their prince Sventipolk. In the same year,

685:

At least in part, the Lutici were a continuation of the

5162:

Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland

3495:

vol. 1, Hamburg 1974, p. 41; Herrmann, Joachim et al.:

1660:

however expanded his realm and denied Otto's successor

3483:

Similarly, with reference to Ebo: Schultze, Johannes:

2440: 1436:

totam terram illam incendiis et caedibus devastaverunt

580:. Four tribes made up the core of the federation: the 2283:

The main deity worshipped in Radgosc was reported as

857:, meaning "wild", "fierce", or from the Slavic root * 16:

10th to 12th-century federation of West Slavic tribes

2332:

and the sacrifice of his head, stuck on a lance, to

861:

or its Latin equivalent lutum, meaning "swamp". The

5010:

Apostolic Administration of the Free City of Danzig

4101:

Das historische Pommern. Personen, Orte, Ereignisse

3473:Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des Lutizenbundes... 2133:. The conversion of the Lutici was accomplished by 5980:States and territories disestablished in the 1160s 3979:(in German). Frank & Timme. pp. 453–514. 2404:as the superior deity in a large, demonic temple ( 1571:Treaties of Bautzen and Merseburg (disambiguation) 2429:were refuted. Most theories focus on the area of 2359:Thietmar (VI, 23) described Radgosc as a castle ( 2217:(successor of the Obodrite state) as well as the 631:intervened and subdued the northwestern faction. 5971: 3402: 2731: 2729: 2263:, dating to the second half of the 9th century. 1947:In 1110, upon getting news of the defeat of the 1872:. In the winter of 1069, king and later emperor 1474:of Bavaria along with his son and later emperor 820:The most important stronghold of the Lutici was 566: 5204: 5145:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany 3283: 3068: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3024: 3022: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2697: 2695: 2237:Traditionally, the Lutici worshipped nature in 2022:river, and probably in the vicinity of today's 1808: 1604:"Germania", "Gallia" and "Roma" pay hommage to 1275:marches, where the corresponding bishoprics of 3921:(in German). Vol. 30. Walter de Gruyter. 3624: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3471:). In secondary literature: Brüske, Wolfgang: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3366: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3161: 3154: 3152: 3140: 3133: 3131: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3010: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2375:) to the east, supposedly a terrifying sight ( 2014:" and, with reference to the 1121 campaign of 1466:. Among the participants of the campaign were 847: 808:culture and military pressure asserted by the 5149:Lutheran Diocese of Mecklenburg and Pomerania 4201: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3836: 3834: 3815: 3813: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3405:Słowianie Zachodni. Monarchie wczesnofeudalne 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2758: 2726: 2056:In 1127, Kessin was again sacked, along with 1923:Division and conversion of the Lutician areas 634:In 1066, the Lutici succeeded in stirring up 5909:Polish-East German Maritime Border Agreement 5432:Post-WWII settlement of Poles and Ukrainians 5167:Lutheran Diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland 4052: 3866: 3789: 3787: 3759: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3550:, where Nadam/Naclam is identified as Nakel/ 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3179: 3121: 3119: 3054: 3040: 3019: 2994: 2982: 2968: 2932: 2911: 2909: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2790: 2788: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2692: 2045:route which ran from Lake Müritz to Stettin/ 1978:, the emperor's influence in Saxony and the 611:, by which they annihilated the rule of the 3919:Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde 3766: 3640: 3631: 3619: 3601: 3556:Das Dorf Nieden. Versuch einer Ortschronik, 3421: 3398: 3396: 3384: 3375: 3316: 3290: 3260: 3242: 3230: 3212: 3170: 3149: 3128: 3102: 3077: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2811: 2809: 2704: 2667: 2665: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2405: 1689:when Bolesław's envoys negotiated a peace. 1398:of Easter 984, and only at the Quedlinburg 1030:, the Circipani were centered on the upper 4208: 4194: 4136: 3954: 3893: 3875: 3852: 3843: 3831: 3822: 3810: 3796: 3667: 3658: 3439: 3339: 3337: 2854: 2836: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2379:). The castle was surrounded by woodland ( 2295:) by Adam of Bremen (II, 21; III, 51) and 1677:, and by 1005 mounted a counteroffensive. 65: 4070:(37). Münster/Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 4061: 3784: 3775: 3754: 3740: 3726: 3704: 3690: 3572:Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg, 3346: 3188: 3116: 3093: 2906: 2886: 2785: 2738: 2548:. It also caused the creation of a local 2393:Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum 2356:in 1126/27, without specifying its name. 2317:, they bid farewell when they go to war, 1385:as well as the Christian Obodrite prince 800:) were minor, while differences with the 746:Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum 4215: 4117: 3993: 3393: 2918: 2870: 2818: 2806: 2674: 2662: 2626: 2270: 2082: 1943:to subjugate the Slavic Lutici, in 1121. 1926: 1848: 1770: 1301: 1038:, and the Redarians lived south of Lake 693:were likewise organized in four tribes ( 5000:Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany 4098: 3912: 3334: 2598: 2114:rivers had by then been subdued by the 2098:The eastern Lutician areas between the 1565:German–Lutician alliance against Poland 1377:, and the Christian West Slavic dukes 94:none, only political/religious centre: 5972: 5155:Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany 4836:Pomeranian Voivodeship 1919–1939 3973: 3935: 2571: 1766: 1414:in the initial stage of the uprising. 48:the symbol supposedly associated with 5553: 5203: 4945: 4537:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945 4395:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945 4275: 4189: 4033: 4012: 1366:(Aix-la-Chapelle) on Christmas 983. 828:. After a period of dominance by the 824:or Riedegost in the territory of the 5427:WWII flight and expulsion of Germans 636:a revolt against the Obodrite elites 567:(known by various spelling variants) 5119:Evangelical State Church in Prussia 4846:Free City of Danzig 1920–1939 2441:12th-century burial site at Sanzkow 2266: 1334:was weakened by the defeat emperor 1177:(Poland 1454/1466 – 1772) 537: 13: 4946: 4276: 3938:Frühzeit zwischen Ostsee und Donau 2092:Pomeranian Dukes' Castle, Szczecin 1330:The uprising had started when the 832:, centered on the other important 14: 6001: 5840:North German Confederation Treaty 4154: 2470:, and there is also evidence for 2336:. The last historical record of " 2127:converted to Christianity in 1128 1306:Lutician federation (983–1056/57) 1073:for the Circipanians; as well as 749:, referring to the year of 1056. 680: 5015:Apostolic Administration of Tütz 4427:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1946–1952 2275:Information board near the lake 1866:"Iohannes" (Johann, John Scotus) 1597: 1579: 1256: 1113: 1108: 853:derive from the ur-Slavic root * 592:(Kessini, Kycini, Chizzini) and 507: 490: 473: 456: 439: 425: 394: 380: 38: 4923:Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship 4892:Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1975–1998 4861:Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1946–1975 4677:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945 3905: 3884: 3681: 3649: 3585: 3536: 3514: 3457: 3031: 2959: 2950: 2797: 2776: 2767: 2576:. Manchester University Press. 1919:with 300 Slavs and 200 Saxons. 1618:paying hommage to the emperors 752: 5071:Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień 4881:Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998 4871:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975 4866:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975 4778:Duchy of Świecie and Lubiszewo 4694:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975 4689:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975 4574:Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998 4569:Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998 4564:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975 4559:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975 4447:Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998 4422:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975 4053:Müller-Wille, Michael (1991). 2965:Petersohn (2003), pp. 108, 111 2683: 2653: 2644: 2565: 2521: 2484:List of medieval Slavic tribes 1139:(pre – 13th century) 1133:(983 – 12th century) 873:Spelling variants of "Lutici" 1: 5124:Pomeranian Evangelical Church 5061:Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg 4974:Christianization of Pomerania 4851:Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia 4821:Free City of Danzig 1807–1814 3955:Garipzanov, Ildar H. (2008). 3167:Herrmann (1985), pp. 359, 360 3146:Herrmann (1985), pp. 358, 359 3074:Herrmann (1985), pp. 356, 358 3037:Petersohn (2003), pp. 121-122 2559: 2527:Compared to the original old 2349:Ottonis episcopi Bambergensis 2287:by Thietmar (VI, 23), and as 2137:, who had also missioned the 2062:Adolf I, Count of Schauenburg 1970:, who had recently been made 548:high priests as local rulers. 31:10th century – 1168 5933:Treaty of Good Neighbourship 5783:Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679) 5554: 5472:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch 5179:Pentecostal Church in Poland 5140:Protestant Church in Germany 4876:Gdańsk Voivodeship 1975–1998 4856:Gdańsk Voivodeship 1946–1975 4064:Frühmittelalterliche Studien 3562:village. Herrmann, Joachim: 3372:Herrmann (1985), pp. 366-367 2141:and the tribes on the lower 1809:Civil wars and Obodrite rule 1325:Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor 7: 5927:German–Polish Border Treaty 5921:German Reunification Treaty 5172:Lutheran Diocese of Wrocław 4911:West Pomeranian Voivodeship 4798:State of the Teutonic Order 4588:West Pomeranian Voivodeship 4465:West Pomeranian Voivodeship 4137:Stülzebach, Annett (1998). 4118:Schultze, Johannes (1964). 3998:. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. 3913:Brather, Sebastian (2001). 3872:Herrmann (1985), pp. 60, 61 3687:Schmidt (2009), pp. 267–268 3185:Hengst (2005), pp. 496, 497 3016:Petersohn (2003), pp. 101ff 2582:10.7765/9781526112774.00008 2477: 2369:tres in se continens portas 2232: 1650:whom he wanted to integrate 1498:, as well as the margraves 1488:the archbishop of Magdeburg 1045: 848:Names and spelling variants 657:(west), the re-constituted 540: In addition to tribal 388:Confederation of the Veleti 254:(missionaries, some nobles) 10: 6006: 5816:Polish Partitions Treaties 4099:Schmidt, Roderich (2009). 3994:Herrmann, Joachim (1985). 3343:Müller-Wille (1991), p. 94 2650:Fritze (1982), pp. 135-36. 2509: 2219:Margraviate of Brandenburg 2139:Pomeranians (Slavic tribe) 1835:Bernard II, Duke of Saxony 1568: 1494:with his suffragan Eiko), 1260: 1171:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia 1143:Margraviate of Brandenburg 1088: 865:original might have been * 663:Margraviate of Brandenburg 5796: 5700: 5564: 5560: 5549: 5497: 5447: 5440: 5407: 5311: 5220: 5216: 5199: 5132: 5102: 5093: 5038: 5020:Prelature of Schneidemühl 4965: 4956: 4952: 4941: 4831:Posen-West Prussia Region 4718: 4603: 4475: 4286: 4282: 4271: 4223: 3890:Stülzebach (1998), p. 108 3772:Schmidt (2009), pp. 85-98 3403:Andrzej Michałek (2007). 2764:Garipzanov (2008), p. 200 2735:Garipzanov (2008), p. 198 2390:Adam of Bremen wrote his 1956:German-Polish War of 1109 1907:to quell a revolt of the 1518:, and the latter's rival 1338:had suffered against the 1034:, the Tollensians on the 638:, in the course of which 533: 523: 359: 355: 338: 320: 310: 306: 298: 287: 279: 259: 139:, the known major cults: 131: 121: 89: 73: 64: 35: 30: 23: 5951:Treaty of Accession 2003 5408:Major demographic events 4980:Diocese of Wollin/Cammin 4670:Lauenburg and Bütow Land 4665:Brandenburgian Pomerania 4525:Brandenburgian Pomerania 4228:10,000 BC – 600 AD 4148:(in German) (1): 97–121. 4076:10.1515/9783110179149.99 3407:. Bellona. p. 102. 3065:Petersohn (2003), p. 138 3051:Petersohn (2003), p. 137 3028:Petersohn (2003), p. 107 3007:Petersohn (2003), p. 103 2991:Petersohn (2003), p. 109 2979:Petersohn (2003), p. 108 2956:Petersohn (2003), p. 136 2947:Petersohn (2003), p. 102 2701:Petersohn (2003), p. 101 2531:, the pagan religion of 2514: 1998:advanced from the lower 1654:renovatio imperii Romani 1424:Annales Quedlinburgensis 230:of minor cults (unnamed 5818:(1772/1773, 1793, 1795) 5221:Archaeological cultures 4380:Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp 4057:(in German). Wachholtz. 3655:Schultze (1964), p. 142 3646:Herrmann (1985), p. 385 3637:Herrmann (1985), p. 384 3628:Herrmann (1985), p. 382 3616:Herrmann (1985), p. 381 3570:and Enders, Lieselott: 3554:). Richter, Friedrich: 3436:Herrmann (1985), p. 380 3390:Herrmann (1985), p. 379 3381:Herrmann (1985), p. 367 3331:Herrmann (1985), p. 365 3313:Herrmann (1985), p. 366 3287:Herrmann (1985), p. 364 3257:Herrmann (1985), p. 363 3239:Herrmann (1985), p. 362 3227:Herrmann (1985), p. 361 3176:Herrmann (1985), p. 360 3158:Herrmann (1985), p. 359 3137:Herrmann (1985), p. 358 3113:Herrmann (1985), p. 357 3090:Herrmann (1985), p. 356 2803:Lübke (2002), pp. 98-99 2723:Herrmann (1985), p. 261 1889:Investiture Controversy 1829:. After Obodrite ruler 1608:(between 1007 and 1012) 1516:Boleslaus II of Bohemia 1379:Boleslaus II of Bohemia 1346:(982). Otto II died in 1195:(1918 – 1947) 1189:(1701 – 1918) 1183:(1618 – 1701) 1163:(1525 – 1618) 1157:(1356 – 1806) 1151:(1224 – 1525) 536: 112:(since 12th cent.–1168) 5846:Peace of Prague (1866) 5441:Languages and dialects 5111:Protestant Reformation 4906:Pomeranian Voivodeship 4809:Pomeranian Voivodeship 4708:Pomeranian Voivodeship 4653:Pomeranian Voivodeship 4593:Pomeranian Voivodeship 4455:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 3917:. Ergänzungsbände zum 3899:Herrmann (1985), p. 63 3881:Herrmann (1985), p. 62 3863:Herrmann (1985), p. 61 3849:Herrmann (1985), p. 64 3840:Herrmann (1985), p. 60 3828:Herrmann (1985), p. 57 3819:Herrmann (1985), p. 56 3807:Herrmann (1985), p. 55 3678:Schmidt (2009), p. 107 3664:Schmidt (2009), p. 106 3454:Schmidt (2009), p. 105 2867:Herrmann (1985), p. 13 2851:Herrmann (1985), p. 14 2773:Lübke (2002), pp. 105f 2689:Fritze (1982), p. 135. 2680:Fritze (1982), p. 140. 2671:Fritze (1982), p. 139. 2659:Fritze (1982), p. 136. 2641:Fritze (1982), p. 138. 2406: 2354:Lothair of Supplinburg 2280: 2095: 2016:Lothair of Supplinburg 1968:Lothair of Supplinburg 1944: 1933:Bolesław III of Poland 1856: 1778: 1656:. Mieszko's successor 1435: 1354:by the archbishops of 1311:institutions, and the 1307: 1248:(1947–1952, from 1990) 1218:(1920–1939, from 1945) 1175:Royal (Polish) Prussia 1155:Elector of Brandenburg 815:libertas more Liuticio 5687:(1448/1468/1472/1479) 5056:Archdiocese of Gdańsk 5046:Archdiocese of Berlin 4437:Bezirk Neubrandenburg 4308:Principality of Rügen 3781:Schmidt (2009), p. 98 3763:Schmidt (2009), p. 78 3751:Schmidt (2009), p. 77 3737:Schmidt (2009), p. 76 3701:Brather (2001), p. 85 3487:vol. 1, Berlin 1961, 3485:Die Mark Brandenburg, 3363:Schmidt (2009), p. 75 3209:Hengst (2005), p. 497 3125:Hengst (2005), p. 496 3099:Hengst (2005), p. 495 2915:Hengst (2005), p. 501 2755:Hengst (2005), p. 500 2456:spondylosis deformans 2340:" is an entry in the 2330:Johann of Mecklenburg 2274: 2086: 1996:Bolesław III Wrymouth 1930: 1852: 1774: 1682:Thietmar of Merseburg 1472:Henry the Quarrelsome 1375:Henry the Quarrelsome 1305: 1230:Recovered Territories 1193:Free State of Prussia 1127:(965 – 983) 1061:for the Tollensians; 769:in the south and the 569:were a federation of 122:Common languages 5680:Thorn, Second (1466) 5081:Diocese of Włocławek 5051:Diocese of Bydgoszcz 4660:Lauenburg-Bütow Pawn 4530:Starostwo of Draheim 4375:Pomerania-Rügenwalde 4365:Pomerania-Neustettin 4217:History of Pomerania 4146:Concilium Medii Aevi 3723:Lübke (2002), p. 104 3493:Geschichte Pommerns, 2903:Lübke (2002), p. 103 2794:Lübke (2002), p. 107 2782:Lübke (2002), p. 106 2431:Mecklenburg-Strelitz 2363:) with three horns ( 1976:Battle of Welfesholz 1821:, son-in-law of the 1799:Bretislav of Bohemia 1544:. At the same time, 1512:Bolesław I of Poland 1263:Slavic revolt of 983 721:annals of St. Gallen 655:Duchy of Mecklenburg 625:Bolesław I of Poland 469:March of Brandenburg 280:no sole ruler/leader 46:A black bull's head, 5771:Wehlau and Bromberg 5029:Gorzów Wielkopolski 4995:Diocese of Roskilde 4814:Chełmno Voivodeship 4783:Duchy of Białogarda 3591:Herrmann, Joachim: 2929:Lübke (2002), p. 97 2883:Lübke (2002), p. 99 2833:Lübke (2001), p. 51 2815:Lübke (2002), p. 98 2367:) and three gates ( 2293:Redigast, Riedegost 2184:Bishopric of Wollin 2121:, and the Lutician 2066:king of the Germans 1767:German–Lutician war 1646:Mieszko I of Poland 1478:, also the bishops 1470:, his former rival 1468:Bernard I of Saxony 1464:archbishop of Mainz 1383:Mieszko I of Poland 1352:king of the Germans 1313:Bishop of Oldenburg 1181:Brandenburg-Prussia 1167:Malbork Voivodeship 1131:Lutician federation 1085:for the Redarians. 874: 691:Bavarian Geographer 661:, which became the 584:(Redari, Redarii), 25:Lutician Federation 5875:Molotov–Ribbentrop 5863:Prussian Concordat 5797:1700–present 5658:Eberswalde, Second 5467:Central Pomeranian 5384:German Pomeranians 5349:Slavic Pomeranians 5238:Ertebølle-Ellerbek 5066:Diocese of Pelplin 4990:Diocese of Chełmno 4985:Diocese of Kolberg 4886:Słupsk Voivodeship 4788:Duchy of Lubiszewo 4761:Duchy of Pomerelia 4699:Słupsk Voivodeship 4631:House of Pomerania 4626:Duchy of Pomerania 4579:Słupsk Voivodeship 4552:List of placenames 4493:House of Pomerania 4488:Duchy of Pomerania 4410:List of placenames 4370:Pomerania-Stargard 4318:House of Pomerania 4313:Duchy of Pomerania 4263:1945–present 2540:more resistant to 2342:Annals of Augsburg 2281: 2096: 1949:Holy Roman Emperor 1945: 1931:The expedition of 1857: 1779: 1760:Peace of Merseburg 1658:Bolesław I Chrobry 1546:Adalbert of Prague 1524:Adalbert of Prague 1308: 1236:Kaliningrad Oblast 1187:Kingdom of Prussia 1046:section on Radgosc 872: 725:Battle of Recknitz 713:Widukind of Corvey 673:people during the 667:Duchy of Pomerania 342:Conquest of Arkona 316:10th century 102:(until 12th cent.) 5967: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5640:Eberswalde, First 5545: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5268:Nordic Bronze Age 5195: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5089: 5088: 4937: 4936: 4933: 4932: 4897:Toruń Voivodeship 4612:Farther Pomerania 4478:Farther Pomerania 4417:Enclave of Police 4390:Swedish Pomerania 4355:Pomerania-Wolgast 4350:Pomerania-Schlawe 4345:Pomerania-Stettin 4289:Western Pomerania 4110:978-3-412-20436-5 4005:978-0-376-08338-8 3966:978-2-503-52615-7 3491:; Eggert, Oskar: 3414:978-83-11-10737-3 2591:978-1-5261-1277-4 2449:burial site near 2207:Holy Roman Empire 2195:Albrecht the Bear 1885:Bruno of Querfurt 1616:Holy Roman Empire 1332:Holy Roman Empire 1254: 1253: 1017: 1016: 842:Holy Roman Empire 810:Holy Roman Empire 765:in the west, the 706:Helmold von Bosau 665:(south), and the 613:Holy Roman Empire 556: 555: 519: 518: 515: 514: 435:Holy Roman Empire 413: 412: 406:(Duchy of Saxony) 251:Roman Catholicism 98:Rethra or Radgosc 5997: 5939:Polish Concordat 5903:Helsinki Accords 5857:Polish Concordat 5618:Stralsund (1370) 5613:Stralsund (1354) 5562: 5561: 5551: 5550: 5445: 5444: 5415:Migration Period 5303:Dębczyn (Denzin) 5218: 5217: 5201: 5200: 5100: 5099: 5076:Diocese of Toruń 4963: 4962: 4954: 4953: 4943: 4942: 4793:Duchy of Świecie 4756:Danish Pomerelia 4751:Polish Pomerelia 4744: 4619: 4432:Bezirk Frankfurt 4405:Stralsund Region 4340:Pomerania-Demmin 4284: 4283: 4273: 4272: 4210: 4203: 4196: 4187: 4186: 4149: 4143: 4133: 4114: 4095: 4058: 4049: 4030: 4009: 3990: 3970: 3951: 3932: 3900: 3897: 3891: 3888: 3882: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3864: 3861: 3850: 3847: 3841: 3838: 3829: 3826: 3820: 3817: 3808: 3805: 3794: 3791: 3782: 3779: 3773: 3770: 3764: 3761: 3752: 3749: 3738: 3735: 3724: 3721: 3702: 3699: 3688: 3685: 3679: 3676: 3665: 3662: 3656: 3653: 3647: 3644: 3638: 3635: 3629: 3626: 3617: 3614: 3599: 3589: 3583: 3542:Primary source: 3540: 3534: 3518: 3512: 3463:Primary source: 3461: 3455: 3452: 3437: 3434: 3419: 3418: 3400: 3391: 3388: 3382: 3379: 3373: 3370: 3364: 3361: 3344: 3341: 3332: 3329: 3314: 3311: 3288: 3285: 3258: 3255: 3240: 3237: 3228: 3225: 3210: 3207: 3186: 3183: 3177: 3174: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3156: 3147: 3144: 3138: 3135: 3126: 3123: 3114: 3111: 3100: 3097: 3091: 3088: 3075: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3052: 3049: 3038: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3017: 3014: 3008: 3005: 2992: 2989: 2980: 2977: 2966: 2963: 2957: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2930: 2927: 2916: 2913: 2904: 2901: 2884: 2881: 2868: 2865: 2852: 2849: 2834: 2831: 2816: 2813: 2804: 2801: 2795: 2792: 2783: 2780: 2774: 2771: 2765: 2762: 2756: 2753: 2736: 2733: 2724: 2721: 2702: 2699: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2678: 2672: 2669: 2660: 2657: 2651: 2648: 2642: 2639: 2624: 2617: 2596: 2595: 2574:Ottonian Germany 2569: 2553: 2542:Christianization 2525: 2409: 2398:sedes ydolatriae 2267:Radgosc (Rethra) 2199:House of Ascania 1939:and east of the 1881:Otto of Northeim 1733:Canute the Great 1724:Peace of Bautzen 1601: 1583: 1514:, a son of duke 1212:area (from 1918) 1161:Duchy of Prussia 1117: 1112: 1093: 1092: 875: 871: 621:Northern Marches 549: 511: 503:March of Lusatia 494: 477: 460: 443: 429: 417: 416: 408: 407: 398: 384: 377: 376: 361: 360: 294:of social elites 292:Popular assembly 255: 114: 113: 104: 103: 69: 58: 47: 42: 21: 20: 6005: 6004: 6000: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5994: 5970: 5969: 5968: 5955: 5869:Reichskonkordat 5792: 5701:1500–1700 5696: 5669:Brześć Kujawski 5629:Raciążek (1404) 5565:1200–1500 5556: 5533: 5493: 5489:Standard German 5482:West Pomeranian 5477:East Pomeranian 5436: 5403: 5307: 5212: 5183: 5128: 5085: 5034: 4948: 4929: 4916:Gmina Biały Bór 4840:Polish Corridor 4773:Duchy of Gdańsk 4739: 4734: 4729: 4723: 4722: 4714: 4614: 4610: 4608: 4607: 4605:Lauenburg-Bütow 4599: 4518:Pomerania-Stolp 4481: 4480: 4471: 4385:Pomerania-Barth 4360:Pomerania-Stolp 4291: 4278: 4267: 4258:1933–1945 4253:1806–1933 4248:1500–1806 4243:1300–1500 4238:1100–1300 4219: 4214: 4157: 4152: 4141: 4130: 4111: 4046: 4027: 4006: 3987: 3967: 3948: 3929: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3876: 3871: 3867: 3862: 3853: 3848: 3844: 3839: 3832: 3827: 3823: 3818: 3811: 3806: 3797: 3792: 3785: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3767: 3762: 3755: 3750: 3741: 3736: 3727: 3722: 3705: 3700: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3677: 3668: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3641: 3636: 3632: 3627: 3620: 3615: 3602: 3590: 3586: 3541: 3537: 3519: 3515: 3462: 3458: 3453: 3440: 3435: 3422: 3415: 3401: 3394: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3376: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3347: 3342: 3335: 3330: 3317: 3312: 3291: 3286: 3261: 3256: 3243: 3238: 3231: 3226: 3213: 3208: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3129: 3124: 3117: 3112: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3055: 3050: 3041: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3020: 3015: 3011: 3006: 2995: 2990: 2983: 2978: 2969: 2964: 2960: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2933: 2928: 2919: 2914: 2907: 2902: 2887: 2882: 2871: 2866: 2855: 2850: 2837: 2832: 2819: 2814: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2786: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2768: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2739: 2734: 2727: 2722: 2705: 2700: 2693: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2675: 2670: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2627: 2618: 2599: 2592: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2556: 2529:Slavic religion 2526: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2480: 2443: 2437:in particular. 2269: 2235: 2203:Wendish Crusade 2135:Otto of Bamberg 2131:dux Liuticiorum 2116:Pomeranian duke 2088:Otto of Bamberg 1925: 1883:. According to 1837:. According to 1811: 1797:, supported by 1769: 1709:Hermann Billung 1642: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1602: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1584: 1573: 1567: 1419:Duchy of Saxony 1344:Battle of Stilo 1265: 1259: 1216:Klaipėda Region 1091: 1024: 887:Polonized form 884:Germanized form 881:Anglicized form 878:Latinized form* 850: 755: 702:Adam von Bremen 683: 609:uprising of 983 552: 486:Duchy of Saxony 405: 404: 402: 348: 331: 313: 253: 137:Slavic paganism 126:Polabian Slavic 117: 111: 110: 101: 100: 83:Polabian Slavic 60: 59: 53: 45: 43: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6003: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5985:Polabian Slavs 5982: 5965: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5953: 5948: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5884: 5878: 5872: 5866: 5860: 5854: 5848: 5843: 5837: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5800: 5798: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5774: 5768: 5762: 5760:Stettin (1653) 5757: 5751: 5749:Stettin (1630) 5746: 5740: 5738:Stettin (1570) 5735: 5729: 5723: 5717: 5711: 5704: 5702: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5694: 5688: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5666: 5664:Łęczyca (1433) 5661: 5655: 5649: 5643: 5637: 5631: 5626: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5604: 5598: 5592: 5587: 5581: 5575: 5568: 5566: 5558: 5557: 5547: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5514: 5509: 5503: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5485: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5453: 5451: 5442: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5417: 5411: 5409: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5344:Vistula Veneti 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5315: 5313: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5243:Linear Pottery 5240: 5235: 5230: 5224: 5222: 5214: 5213: 5197: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5181: 5176: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5159: 5158: 5157: 5152: 5151: 5150: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5126: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5106: 5104: 5097: 5091: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5042: 5040: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5032: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4969: 4967: 4960: 4958:Roman Catholic 4950: 4949: 4947:Ecclesiastical 4939: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4919: 4918: 4908: 4900: 4894: 4889: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4811: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4769: 4768: 4758: 4753: 4747: 4745: 4736:Tuchola Forest 4716: 4715: 4713: 4712: 4711: 4710: 4702: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4685: 4684: 4674: 4673: 4672: 4662: 4657: 4656: 4655: 4645: 4644: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4622: 4620: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4597: 4596: 4595: 4590: 4582: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4555: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4542:Stettin Region 4534: 4533: 4532: 4522: 4521: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4484: 4482: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4469: 4468: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4449: 4444: 4442:Bezirk Rostock 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4413: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4400:Stettin Region 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4336: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4310: 4305: 4303:Northern March 4300: 4294: 4292: 4287: 4280: 4279: 4277:Administrative 4269: 4268: 4266: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4233:600–1100 4230: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4213: 4212: 4205: 4198: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4156: 4155:External links 4153: 4151: 4150: 4134: 4128: 4115: 4109: 4096: 4059: 4050: 4044: 4031: 4025: 4010: 4004: 3991: 3985: 3971: 3965: 3952: 3946: 3933: 3927: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3901: 3892: 3883: 3874: 3865: 3851: 3842: 3830: 3821: 3809: 3795: 3783: 3774: 3765: 3753: 3739: 3725: 3703: 3689: 3680: 3666: 3657: 3648: 3639: 3630: 3618: 3600: 3584: 3535: 3513: 3456: 3438: 3420: 3413: 3392: 3383: 3374: 3365: 3345: 3333: 3315: 3289: 3259: 3241: 3229: 3211: 3187: 3178: 3169: 3160: 3148: 3139: 3127: 3115: 3101: 3092: 3076: 3067: 3053: 3039: 3030: 3018: 3009: 2993: 2981: 2967: 2958: 2949: 2931: 2917: 2905: 2885: 2869: 2853: 2835: 2817: 2805: 2796: 2784: 2775: 2766: 2757: 2737: 2725: 2703: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2661: 2652: 2643: 2625: 2619:Lübke (2001), 2597: 2590: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2538:Polabian Slavs 2533:Polabian Slavs 2519: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2494:Polabian Slavs 2491: 2486: 2479: 2476: 2460:osteoarthritis 2442: 2439: 2377:horribile visu 2326:civitas Rethre 2268: 2265: 2234: 2231: 2209:'s duchies of 1985:Northern March 1972:Duke of Saxony 1924: 1921: 1839:Adam of Bremen 1827:Sven Estridson 1810: 1807: 1768: 1765: 1613: 1612: 1603: 1596: 1595: 1594: 1590:(c. 1000) 1585: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1575: 1574: 1566: 1563: 1542:pope Gregory V 1428:scorched earth 1258: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1250: 1249: 1239: 1233: 1219: 1213: 1204: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1178: 1164: 1158: 1152: 1149:Teutonic Order 1146: 1140: 1134: 1128: 1125:Northern March 1119: 1118: 1105: 1104: 1090: 1087: 1023: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1001: 1000: 997: 994: 991: 987: 986: 983: 980: 977: 973: 972: 969: 966: 963: 959: 958: 955: 952: 949: 945: 944: 941: 938: 935: 931: 930: 927: 924: 921: 917: 916: 913: 910: 907: 903: 902: 899: 896: 893: 889: 888: 885: 882: 879: 849: 846: 836:stronghold of 754: 751: 682: 681:Veleti origins 679: 659:Northern March 554: 553: 551: 550: 542:princes/chiefs 534: 531: 530: 525: 521: 520: 517: 516: 513: 512: 505: 496: 495: 488: 479: 478: 471: 462: 461: 454: 452:Northern March 445: 444: 437: 431: 430: 423: 414: 411: 410: 399: 391: 390: 385: 373: 372: 367: 357: 356: 353: 352: 349: 339: 336: 335: 332: 321: 318: 317: 314: 312:• Formed 311: 308: 307: 304: 303: 300: 296: 295: 289: 285: 284: 281: 277: 276: 261: 257: 256: 249: 248: 239: 224: 218: 205: 196: 175: 166: 153: 151:Rethra-Radgosc 133: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 116: 115: 105: 93: 91: 87: 86: 75: 71: 70: 62: 61: 44: 37: 36: 33: 32: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6002: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5952: 5949: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5937: 5934: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5915:Two Plus Four 5913: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5898:Warsaw (1970) 5896: 5894: 5893:Moscow (1970) 5891: 5888: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5817: 5814: 5811: 5810:Frederiksborg 5808: 5806:(1719 / 1720) 5805: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5775: 5772: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5718: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5699: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5675:Soldin (1466) 5673: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5653: 5650: 5647: 5644: 5641: 5638: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5599: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5590:Soldin (1309) 5588: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5576: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5552: 5548: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5496: 5490: 5487: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5459: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5449:West Germanic 5446: 5443: 5439: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5422: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5406: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5202: 5198: 5180: 5177: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5164: 5163: 5160: 5156: 5153: 5148: 5147: 5146: 5143: 5142: 5141: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5131: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5092: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5037: 5030: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4975: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4944: 4940: 4924: 4921: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4902:Contemporary 4901: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4841: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4803:Royal Prussia 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4764: 4763: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4721: 4717: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4704:Contemporary 4703: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4683: 4682:Köslin Region 4680: 4679: 4678: 4675: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4654: 4651: 4650: 4649: 4648:Royal Prussia 4646: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4636:List of Dukes 4634: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4613: 4609:classified as 4606: 4602: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4584:Contemporary 4583: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4547:Köslin Region 4545: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4538: 4535: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4523: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4508:Schlawe-Stolp 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4498:List of Dukes 4496: 4494: 4491: 4490: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4451:Contemporary 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4397: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4323:List of Dukes 4321: 4319: 4316: 4315: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4298:Billung March 4296: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4285: 4281: 4274: 4270: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4222: 4218: 4211: 4206: 4204: 4199: 4197: 4192: 4191: 4188: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4158: 4147: 4140: 4135: 4131: 4129:3-11-000457-7 4125: 4121: 4116: 4112: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4066:(in German). 4065: 4060: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4045:3-05-003749-0 4041: 4037: 4032: 4028: 4026:3-11-017163-5 4022: 4018: 4017: 4011: 4007: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3988: 3986:3-86596-015-4 3982: 3978: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3949: 3947:3-428-05151-3 3943: 3939: 3934: 3930: 3928:3-11-017061-2 3924: 3920: 3916: 3911: 3910: 3896: 3887: 3878: 3869: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3846: 3837: 3835: 3825: 3816: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3790: 3788: 3778: 3769: 3760: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3684: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3661: 3652: 3643: 3634: 3625: 3623: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3598: 3594: 3588: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3530: 3526: 3523: 3517: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3416: 3410: 3406: 3399: 3397: 3387: 3378: 3369: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3340: 3338: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3236: 3234: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3182: 3173: 3164: 3155: 3153: 3143: 3134: 3132: 3122: 3120: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3096: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3071: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3034: 3025: 3023: 3013: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2988: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2962: 2953: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2912: 2910: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2812: 2810: 2800: 2791: 2789: 2779: 2770: 2761: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2698: 2696: 2686: 2677: 2668: 2666: 2656: 2647: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2622: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2593: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2568: 2564: 2551: 2547: 2546:folk religion 2543: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2524: 2520: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2448: 2438: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2415: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2394: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2350: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2278: 2273: 2264: 2262: 2258: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2239:sacred groves 2230: 2228: 2227:German people 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2185: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2159: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2125:of this area 2124: 2120: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1986: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1806: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1777: 1773: 1764: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1736: 1734: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1607: 1600: 1589: 1582: 1572: 1562: 1560: 1559:Old Prussians 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1522:, brother of 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1480:of Regensburg 1477: 1476:Henry IV (II) 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1447: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1304: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1264: 1257:Revolt of 983 1247: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1200: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1137:Old Prussians 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1020: 1019: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1002: 998: 995: 992: 989: 988: 984: 981: 978: 975: 974: 970: 967: 964: 961: 960: 956: 953: 950: 947: 946: 942: 939: 936: 933: 932: 928: 925: 922: 919: 918: 914: 911: 908: 905: 904: 900: 897: 894: 891: 890: 886: 883: 880: 877: 876: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 845: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 818: 816: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 786: 784: 779: 775: 772: 768: 764: 760: 750: 748: 747: 742: 736: 733: 728: 726: 722: 718: 714: 709: 707: 703: 698: 696: 692: 688: 678: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 651: 649: 645: 641: 637: 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 605: 603: 599: 595: 591: 588:(Circipani), 587: 583: 579: 575: 572: 568: 565: 561: 547: 543: 539: 535: 532: 529: 526: 524:Today part of 522: 510: 506: 504: 502: 498: 497: 493: 489: 487: 485: 481: 480: 476: 472: 470: 468: 464: 463: 459: 455: 453: 451: 447: 446: 442: 438: 436: 433: 432: 428: 424: 422: 421:Rani of Rügen 419: 418: 415: 409: 403:Billung March 400: 397: 393: 392: 389: 386: 383: 379: 378: 375: 374: 371: 368: 366: 363: 362: 358: 354: 350: 347: 343: 337: 333: 329: 325: 319: 315: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 290: 286: 282: 278: 275: 272: 268: 265: 262: 258: 252: 247: 244:according to 243: 240: 237: 233: 229: 225: 222: 219: 217: 213: 209: 206: 204: 200: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 176: 174: 170: 167: 165: 161: 157: 154: 152: 148: 144: 141: 140: 138: 134: 130: 127: 124: 120: 109: 106: 99: 96: 95: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 63: 57: 51: 41: 34: 29: 22: 19: 5634:Thorn, First 5462:Low Prussian 5419: 5373: 5263:Comb Ceramic 5248:Funnelbeaker 5210:anthropology 5109: 5027:with see in 4972: 4826:West Prussia 4741:Chełmno Land 4145: 4119: 4100: 4067: 4063: 4054: 4035: 4014: 3995: 3976: 3956: 3937: 3914: 3906:Bibliography 3895: 3886: 3877: 3868: 3845: 3824: 3777: 3768: 3683: 3660: 3651: 3642: 3633: 3592: 3587: 3575: 3571: 3563: 3555: 3544:Herbord II.5 3538: 3528: 3521: 3516: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3484: 3480: 3472: 3459: 3404: 3386: 3377: 3368: 3181: 3172: 3163: 3142: 3095: 3070: 3033: 3012: 2961: 2952: 2799: 2778: 2769: 2760: 2685: 2676: 2655: 2646: 2573: 2567: 2523: 2472:trepanations 2444: 2423:Wanzka Abbey 2416: 2411: 2401: 2397: 2391: 2389: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2358: 2346: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2325: 2323: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2300: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2282: 2253: 2236: 2188: 2160: 2130: 2122: 2097: 2055: 2036: 1989: 1946: 1878: 1870:sacred horse 1858: 1812: 1803: 1780: 1737: 1721: 1715:river, near 1706: 1691: 1679: 1653: 1643: 1635: 1631: 1623: 1539: 1528: 1448: 1444: 1440:Gerd Althoff 1423: 1416: 1408:Nordalbingia 1404: 1399: 1393: 1368: 1329: 1309: 1296: 1288: 1266: 1130: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1052: 1043: 1025: 866: 858: 854: 851: 819: 814: 787: 780: 776: 756: 753:Organization 744: 737: 729: 710: 699: 694: 684: 652: 633: 606: 586:Circipanians 563: 559: 557: 538: 500: 483: 466: 449: 370:Succeeded by 369: 364: 334:12th century 77:Independent 18: 5788:Lund (1679) 5601:Ueckermünde 5499:West Slavic 5421:Ostsiedlung 5399:Slovincians 5258:Corded Ware 5233:Maglemosian 4460:Brandenburg 2550:theocracies 2435:Tollensesee 2223:Ostsiedlung 2215:Mecklenburg 2119:Wartislaw I 2076:river, was 2070:Knud Lavard 1670:Quedlinburg 1664:homage for 1391:Quedlinburg 1321:Mecklenburg 1277:Brandenburg 1246:Brandenburg 1238:(from 1945) 1232:(from 1945) 1145:(1157–1618) 1098:Brandenburg 1096:History of 1067:Zcirizspani 1040:Tollensesee 798:Pomeranians 675:Ostsiedlung 594:Tollensians 571:West Slavic 365:Preceded by 330:, collapse 288:Legislature 274:theocracies 236:Tollensesee 5974:Categories 5851:Versailles 5754:Westphalia 5527:Slovincian 5517:Pomeranian 5457:Low German 5389:Kashubians 5283:Pomeranian 5206:Demography 5103:Historical 5095:Protestant 4966:Historical 4805:1466–1793 4766:Samborides 4641:Partitions 4513:Partitions 4333:Partitions 2560:References 2433:, and the 2261:Groß Raden 2246:temple at 2193:river, to 1819:Gottschalk 1740:Mieszko II 1698:Regensburg 1569:See also: 1535:Slavnikids 1327:, in 995. 1261:See also: 1007:Liutizians 993:Leutizians 965:Liutitians 923:Liuticians 909:Leuticians 646:temple at 590:Kessinians 351: 1168 267:monarchies 260:Government 232:twins gods 228:polytheism 223:(disputed) 208:Chernoglav 143:Svarozhich 79:federation 52:and their 5887:Zgorzelec 5804:Stockholm 5743:Franzburg 5652:Perleberg 5522:Kashubian 5379:Velunzani 5339:Vidivarii 5253:Havelland 5031:1945–1972 4899:1975–1998 4888:1975–1998 4720:Pomerelia 4701:1975–1998 4617:Pomerelia 4581:1975–1998 4092:184121112 4084:0071-9706 3560:Uckermark 3548:MGH SS 20 3532:(preview) 3525:(preview) 3469:MGH SS 12 3465:Ebo III.4 2623:XIX p. 51 2489:Obotrites 2412:tricornis 2365:tricornis 2334:Riedegost 2285:Zuarasici 2244:Svantevit 2211:Pomerania 2151:Wolinians 2094:(Stettin) 2039:Magdeburg 2028:Ukrainian 2024:Stralsund 1964:Redarians 1960:Dołężanie 1905:Havelberg 1862:Ratzeburg 1795:Conrad II 1776:Conrad II 1744:Conrad II 1694:Magdeburg 1636:Sclavinia 1550:Ingelheim 1496:of Meißen 1452:Theophanu 1297:Stodorani 1285:Obodrites 1281:Havelberg 1210:Działdowo 1071:Zerezpani 1063:Circipani 1055:Tolensane 979:Lutizians 951:Lutitians 895:Luticians 806:Christian 790:Obodrites 763:Mildenitz 644:Swantewit 629:Obodrites 582:Redarians 242:Chernobog 221:Pripegala 203:Brennabor 173:Havelberg 135:Polabian 132:Religion 50:Redarians 5990:Lechites 5726:Augsburg 5720:Grimnitz 5685:Prenzlau 5555:Treaties 5507:Polabian 5354:Prissani 5293:Wielbark 5273:Lusatian 4731:Kociewie 4726:Kashubia 2478:See also 2464:vampires 2419:Feldberg 2402:Redigast 2305:Svarožič 2289:Redigost 2257:Feldberg 2233:Religion 2147:Prissani 2123:primores 2104:Tollense 2047:Szczecin 1962:and the 1937:Szczecin 1874:Henry IV 1854:Henry IV 1815:Obodrite 1791:Burgundy 1728:Obodrite 1662:Henry II 1628:Henry II 1620:Otto III 1606:Henry II 1588:Otto III 1520:Soběslav 1492:Giselher 1484:Freising 1460:Willigis 1456:Adelaide 1371:Bavarian 1340:Saracens 1289:Abodriti 1269:Northern 1059:Tholenzi 1036:Tollense 1010:Liutizen 996:Leutizen 863:Polabian 783:Thietmar 732:Ottonian 727:(Raxa). 695:regiones 574:Polabian 324:Conquest 190:Charenza 178:Rugiewit 156:Svetovid 147:Radegast 54:capital 5881:Potsdam 5595:Templin 5572:Kremmen 5329:Lemovii 5312:Peoples 5288:Oksywie 5278:Jastorf 5228:Hamburg 4328:Gützkow 3597:p. 122. 3568:p. 122. 2510:Sources 2468:denture 2447:Sanzkow 2385:vexilla 2297:Helmold 2197:of the 2171:Gützkow 2167:Wolgast 2051:Gützkow 2043:Malchow 2012:Gützkow 1980:Wendish 1954:in the 1952:Henry V 1913:Brisani 1909:Hevelli 1831:Ratibor 1817:prince 1785:on the 1752:Hevelli 1675:Lusatia 1666:Bohemia 1652:in his 1510:'s son 1508:Mieszko 1506:, duke 1504:Liuthar 1412:Altmark 1387:Mstivoj 1360:Ravenna 1342:in the 1336:Otto II 1317:Hamburg 1293:Hevelli 1273:Billung 1228:within 1226:Masuria 1202:Present 1173:within 1102:Prussia 1089:History 1079:Redarii 1075:Riaderi 1004:Liutizi 990:Leutizi 982:Lutizen 948:Lutitii 934:Lyutici 920:Liutici 906:Leutici 901:Lucice 867:L'utici 834:Wendish 830:Hevelli 826:Redarii 822:Radgosc 794:Hevelli 717:Henry I 617:Billung 615:in the 602:Radgosc 578:Germany 564:Liutizi 528:Germany 340:• 322:• 299:History 246:Helmold 212:Jasmund 199:Triglav 186:Porewit 182:Porenut 169:Gerovit 90:Capital 5947:(1996) 5941:(1993) 5935:(1991) 5929:(1991) 5923:(1990) 5917:(1990) 5911:(1989) 5905:(1975) 5889:(1951) 5883:(1945) 5877:(1939) 5871:(1933) 5865:(1929) 5859:(1925) 5853:(1919) 5842:(1866) 5836:(1815) 5834:Vienna 5830:(1814) 5824:(1807) 5822:Tilsit 5812:(1720) 5779:(1660) 5773:(1657) 5767:(1656) 5765:Labiau 5756:(1648) 5745:(1627) 5734:(1569) 5732:Lublin 5728:(1555) 5722:(1529) 5716:(1525) 5714:Kraków 5710:(1521) 5693:(1493) 5691:Pyritz 5671:(1435) 5660:(1427) 5654:(1427) 5648:(1422) 5642:(1415) 5636:(1411) 5625:(1390) 5623:Pyzdry 5609:(1343) 5607:Kalisz 5603:(1327) 5597:(1317) 5586:(1282) 5580:(1250) 5578:Landin 5574:(1236) 5512:Polish 5374:Lutici 5369:Veleti 5364:Ukrani 5319:Gepids 5298:Gustow 5133:Extant 5039:Extant 4503:Cammin 4126: 4107: 4090: 4082: 4042: 4023: 4002: 3983: 3963: 3944: 3925: 3411: 2588: 2499:Veleti 2451:Demmin 2427:Gnoien 2309:Svarog 2248:Arkona 2201:. The 2163:Usedom 2155:Demmin 2108:Uecker 2078:Niklot 2032:Nieden 2008:Demmin 2004:Müritz 1992:Kessin 1917:Linoni 1823:Danish 1783:Werben 1756:Pöhlde 1717:Wurzen 1702:Amberg 1687:Poznań 1626:) and 1531:Libice 1458:, and 1400:Hoftag 1395:Hoftag 1364:Aachen 1295:(also 1291:) and 1287:(also 1242:Berlin 1222:Warmia 1083:Rederi 1081:, and 1028:Warnow 976:Lutizi 892:Lutici 838:Brenna 759:Warnow 741:Saxony 687:Veleti 671:German 648:Arkona 598:Veleti 560:Lutici 328:Rethra 302: 283: 160:Arkona 108:Arkona 85:tribes 74:Status 56:Rethra 5777:Oliva 5708:Thorn 5646:Melno 5584:Kępno 5394:Poles 5334:Rugii 5324:Goths 4142:(PDF) 4088:S2CID 3580:p. 75 3552:Nakło 3489:p. 59 3477:p. 94 2515:Notes 2504:Wends 2381:silva 2347:Vita 2338:Rheda 2277:Lieps 2191:Peene 2100:Peene 2074:Peene 2058:Werle 2020:Peene 1901:Havel 1897:Kruto 1893:Henry 1843:Gesta 1825:jarl 1748:Saale 1731:king 1713:Mulde 1632:below 1624:above 1554:Mainz 1432:Latin 1373:duke 1356:Mainz 1048:below 1032:Peene 855:ljutъ 802:Saxon 767:Havel 546:pagan 346:Danes 271:pagan 264:Petty 234:near 226:folk 216:Rügen 194:Rügen 180:with 164:Rügen 5828:Kiel 5359:Rani 5208:and 4124:ISBN 4105:ISBN 4080:ISSN 4040:ISBN 4021:ISBN 4000:ISBN 3981:ISBN 3961:ISBN 3942:ISBN 3923:ISBN 3546:(in 3527:and 3467:(in 3409:ISBN 2586:ISBN 2373:mare 2361:urbs 2301:xvar 2213:and 2179:Rome 2175:Oder 2169:and 2149:and 2143:Oder 2112:Oder 2110:and 2010:and 2000:Oder 1958:the 1941:Oder 1911:and 1787:Elbe 1722:The 1634:). 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Index