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351:, the first six chapters, all address the order of rank in government and society. Chapter 23, "The three dynasties changed regulations from simple to refined" is a theoretical statement of historical change, complete with prescriptions for proper ritual in each of the cosmic periods. Chapters 24, "Official regulations take Heaven as image" and 28, "Ranks and states," discuss official hierarchies and feudal rankings, respectively. Chapter 25, "Yao and Shun did not abdicate on their own authority, Tang and Wu did not presume to kill," clarifies the rightness of some alleged violations of the order of rank charged to the sage-kings. Finally, 26 "Clothing regulations" (lost except for its first sentence) and 27 "Measured regulations" lay down sumptuary rules.
410:"nourishing life" school. Only two of the chapters, 79, "The birthplace of severity and moral power," and 80, "Like the doings of Heaven," have proper titles. Chapters 77, "Following the Way of Heaven," 78, "The actions of Heaven and earth," 81, "Heaven, earth, Yin, and Yang," and 82, "The Way of Heaven acts," all lack their own titles and pass under the first few characters of their text. The "Chapter 18" text, minus its title, also belongs in this group. (The only other chapters in the book with disturbed or irregular titles are Chapter 1, "King Zhuang of Chu," where the original title "Luxuriant Dew" (
400:, the twelve chapters from 65, "A discourse on the suburban sacrifice," to 76, "The significance of sacrifices," discusses sacrificial services. Most of the first half of this section is devoted to discussion of the suburban sacrifice, but the texts are in bad shape and the damage seems to be very early. Other topics covered include the four seasonal sacrifices and the starting and stopping of rain (chapters 74 and 75). There is also Chapter 73, the "Praise-ode to mountains and rivers," which can be confidently dated to the last few decades of Former Han at the latest.
27:
390:, which runs from Chapter 58, "The mutual production of the Five Forces," to 64, "The Five Forces and the Five Affairs," also discusses stimulus-response cosmology. However, the overwhelming influence in these chapters is from Five Forces theory: the words "Five Forces" appear in each of the chapter titles, and Yin-Yang is in a very subordinate position when used at all. As Tanaka Masami and Sarah Queen have pointed out (echoing Su Yu), many close parallels to the Huang-lao Daoist work
338:" or "Daoist" group. This is one of the better-recognized subdivisions in the text. It is composed of the chapter titles from 18 to 22 and the chapter texts from 19 to 22. (The text of Chapter 18, for reasons discussed elsewhere, should be repositioned in Section G2). One can underestimate the amount of Confucian thought in these essays, some of it displayed in a very subtle manner, but on the whole the spirit is Huang-lao and the canon and Confucian norms are taken lightly here.
377:, "natural tendency," is intrinsically good. Chapter 36, "The real meaning of 'nature'," is either a summary of 35 or a much briefer text from which 35 was developed. Su Yu, the late Qing dynasty editor, believes it is the former, but it is very hard to be sure one way or the other. Chapter 37, "Feudal lords," is a very short treatment of the words that form its title, with the intent of explaining their "real" meaning.
384:, from 38, "Reply on the Five Forces" to 57, "Things of the same kind stimulate each other," discuss the stimulus-response relationship between Heaven and man. Most chapters in the group make extensive use of Yin-Yang and Five Forces concepts, separately or in combination. There is little evident order in the sequence they are presented, and three of the chapters (39, 40, and 54) are missing.
192:. It has survived to the present, though its compilation might have continued past his lifetime into the 4th century. It is 82 chapters long and about 72,000 words, although three of the chapters within the present text have been lost, and there is considerable textual confusion in other chapters. In its current form, the book deals with topics such as the
359:
is made up of the six chapters 29, "The standard of selflessness and right," 30, "It is necessary to be both selfless and wise," 31, "Emphasize the right in the nourishment of the self," 32, "Reply to the King of Jiaoxi : The great officers of Yue were incapable of selflessness," 33, "Examining moral
208:
The work cannot be considered an authentic work by Dong or even a work mostly written by him. It bears many marks of multiple authorship and is both externally contradictory with other material on Dong's thought, and inconsistent with itself. Different chapters espouse mutually contradictory
436:
is made up of the political essays from
Chapters 79 to 82, plus the untitled material from Section B (Chapter 18 text), rather dull and generic material on the whole. They are far more tolerant of punishment, and establishing the right to punish, than better attributed
245:
theory, and much of the rest of the work is questionable as well. It seems safest to regard it as a collection of unrelated or loosely related chapters and shorter works, which could be subdivided into five categories. Most are more or less connected to the
372:
contains three chapters dealing with epistemology. Chapter 35, "A profound examination of names and appellations" takes up the subject at length, including a concerted attack on
Mencius for stating that the
414:) was appropriated as part of the book title, and Chapter 67, "The suburban sacrifice," where the copyist omitted removing the original title from the head of the essay when the text was recopied.)
364:, the interplay, and possible or apparent interference, between ethical norms. Most have a political relevance, more or less distant, and there is a great deal of reference to the canon.
777:
541:
Gentz, Joachim (2008). "Language of Heaven, Exegetical
Skepticism, and the Re-Insertion of Religious Concepts in the Gongyang Tradition". In Lagerwey, John; Kalinowski, Marc (eds.).
287:. One can divide the text into seven main sections, some of which can be further divided into subsections, based on features of both content and structure. These sections are:
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should not be cast aside, especially since it seems to be a misattribution rather than an outright forgery. It remains a valuable compendium of early and mid-Han
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Whether the work was written by Dong himself has been called into question since the Song dynasty. For the first time the doubt is pronounced in the
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and their relation to politics. One of the chapters in this book presents the concept of the "source" (元), which became important to later
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241:, Cheng Yanzuo, Dai Junren, Keimatsu Mitsuo, and Tanaka Masami. Scholars now reject as later additions all of the passages that discuss
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1016:
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Arbuckle, Gary. (1995). Inevitable treason: Dong
Zhongshu's theory of historical cycles and the devalidation of the Han mandate,
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Several subdivisions have been put forward in the past in an attempt to impose some sort of order on the contents of the
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428:"nourishing life" group. This includes chapters 77 and 78. They present techniques for living out one's full lifespan.
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concerns political and ethical theory, and once again the chapters can be subdivided into three smaller groupings:
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power," and 34, "Reverencing the root." The chapters as a whole center around ethical questions, particularly
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thought, if properly interpreted and contextualized, and it had an influence on later thinkers.
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From
Chronicle to Canon: The Hermeneutics of the Spring and Autumn According to Tung Chung-shu
495:
Chunqiu Fanlou
Danxingben Banben Kaolue (A Review of the Extand Edition of Book Chunqiu Fanlu)
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and its school, written by a number of different persons at different times throughout the
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508:: the date of Chapter 73, "Shan Chuan Song" ("Praise-Ode to Mountains and Rivers"),
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Indeed, it may be nothing more than the mislabeled remains of a book listed in the
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is a mixed bag of sometimes rather dull political texts and documents from the
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group, chapters 1-17, is characterized by a concentration on the meaning of
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cosmological schemas, and there even seem to be references to the rise of
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Early
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237:(1034). The skeptical position was argumented by scholars including
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Arbuckle, Gary. (1993). Five divine lords or one (human) emperor?,
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texts, or on more general principles extracted from the canon.
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Queen, Sarah A. (1996). "Tung Chung-shu's literary corpus".
504:
Arbuckle, Gary. (1989). A note on the authenticity of the
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Journal of
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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545:. Vol. II. Leiden: Brill. pp. 869–894.
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417:The chapters in Section G fall into two groups:
1132:Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet
188:) is an undated work attributed to philosopher
856:Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals
610:
479:Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals
269:Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals
215:Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals
167:Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals
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87:Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals
265:Miscellaneous Records of the Gongyang School
617:
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1139:The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art
567:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
535:Journal of the American Oriental Society
517:Journal of the American Oriental Society
278:
34:This article includes a list of general
307:The Five Forces or Five Elements group;
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746:Disasters of the Partisan Prohibitions
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721:Second Chinese domination of Vietnam
20:
962:Protectorate of the Western Regions
711:First Chinese domination of Vietnam
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298:The "Huang-lao" or "Daoist" group;
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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972:Translation of government titles
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227:, 500 years after Dong's death.
25:
1118:Book on Numbers and Computation
935:Three Lords and Nine Ministers
806:Records of the Grand Historian
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827:Records of the Three Kingdoms
751:Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
658:Rebellion of the Seven States
489:(Philosophy Edition), 1st ed.
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16:Undated work by Dong Zhongshu
522:Arbuckle, Gary. (1994). The
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301:The politico-ethical group;
285:Luxuriant Dew of the Annals
10:
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957:Provinces and commanderies
845:Eight Immortals of Huainan
673:War of the Heavenly Horses
267:(公羊雜記). Nevertheless, the
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716:Trung sisters' rebellion
680:Han conquest of Gojoseon
647:Feast at Swan Goose Gate
591:Original text in Chinese
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313:The miscellaneous group.
995:Ancient Chinese coinage
756:Yellow Turban Rebellion
304:The cosmological group;
55:more precise citations.
1017:Science and technology
761:End of the Han dynasty
701:Han conquest of Nanyue
526:school and Wang Mang,
1189:Chinese classic texts
945:Three Ducal Ministers
833:Flying Horse of Gansu
820:Book of the Later Han
486:Encyclopedia of China
310:The sacrifices group;
279:Content and structure
217:is not listed in the
1199:2nd-century BC books
1007:Sino-Roman relations
850:Mawangdui Silk Texts
766:Battle of Red Cliffs
706:Han conquest of Dian
441:material usually is.
886:Eastern Han Chinese
787:Society and culture
692:Southward expansion
653:Lü Clan disturbance
394:can be found here.
249:Gongyang Commentary
1104:Balanced Discourse
643:Chu–Han Contention
148:Ch'un-ch'iu fan-lu
1194:Han dynasty texts
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1065:Luoxia Hong
928:Family tree
813:Book of Han
727:Xin dynasty
626:Han dynasty
261:Book of Han
254:Han dynasty
220:Book of Han
204:Authorships
53:introducing
1183:Categories
1080:Zhang Heng
1075:Wang Chong
896:Government
874:Han poetry
510:T'oung Pao
492:Cui, Tao.
467:References
458:Gentz 2008
434:Section G2
422:Section G1
392:Huai nanzi
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357:Section C2
349:Section C1
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1002:Silk Road
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408:yangsheng
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362:casuistry
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211:Wang Mang
61:July 2017
1070:Sima Tan
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908:Ban Chao
900:military
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918:Emperor
913:Ma Yuan
635:History
537:115(4).
424:is the
235:zh:崇文總目
225:Ge Hong
172:Chinese
98:Chinese
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1040:Du Shi
795:Ban Gu
628:topics
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322:Annals
320:, the
295:group;
293:Annals
239:Zhu Xi
182::
180:pinyin
174::
38:, but
1095:Texts
952:Kings
736:Lulin
446:Notes
412:Fanlu
923:list
898:and
734:and
589:春秋繁露
569:ISBN
547:ISBN
375:xing
291:The
176:春秋繁露
164:The
104:春秋繁露
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555:.
481:)
477:(
170:(
74:)
68:(
63:)
59:(
45:.
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