3514:
254:
3618:
1464:
269:
195:
27:
1373:
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genetic results of the new study show categorically that there was no significant connection between the Lagoa Santa people and groups from Africa or
Australia. So the hypothesis that Luzia's people derived from a migratory wave prior to the ancestors of today's Amerindians has been disproved. On the contrary, the DNA shows that Luzia's people were entirely Amerindian."
240:
burned, according to officials, but firefighters later discovered a human skull within the burned museum. On
October 19, 2018 it was announced that the Luzia skull was indeed found, but in a fragmented state. 80% of the fragments were identified as being part of the frontal (forehead and nose), side,
396:
features was created in 1999. André Strauss of the Max Planck
Institute, one of the authors of the Journal Science article remarked "However, skull shape isn't a reliable marker of ancestrality or geographic origin. Genetics is the best basis for this type of inference," Strauss explained. "The
217:, Brazil. The remains were not articulated. The skull, which was separated from the rest of the skeleton but was in surprisingly good condition, was buried under more than forty feet (12 meters) of mineral deposits and debris. There were no other human remains at the site.
405:
Luzia stood just under five feet (1.5 m) tall; about one-third of her skeleton has been recovered. Her remains seem to indicate that she died when she was approximately 20 years old, either in an accident or as the result of an animal attack. She was a member of a group of
380:, the results showed that Luzia was genetically entirely Amerindian. It was published in the journal Cell article (November 8, 2018), a paper in the journal Science from an affiliated team also reported new findings on fossil DNA from the first migrants to the Americas.
1218:"Estudo contradiz teoria de povoamento da América e sugere que rosto de Luzia era diferente do que se pensava (Research contradicts the theory of the occupation of the Americas and suggests that the Luzia's face was different from what was previously thought)"
957:
Adachi N.; Shinoda K.; Umetsu K. & Matsumura H. (2009), "Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Jomon skeletons from the
Funadomari site, Hokkaido, and its implication for the origins of Native American, Am J Phys Anthropol. 2010 Mar;141(3):504-5",
330:
Neves' conclusions have been challenged by research done by anthropologists
Rolando González-José, Frank Williams, and William Armelagos, who have shown in their studies that the craniofacial variability could just be due to
383:
Lagoa Santa remains from a site nearby to the Luzia remains carry DNA regarded as Native
American. Two of the Lagoa Santa individuals carry the same mtDNA haplogroup (D4h3a) also carried by older 12,000+ remains
1217:
176:
that destroyed the museum on
September 2, 2018. On October 19, 2018, it was announced that most of Luzia's remains were identified from the Museu Nacional debris, which allowed them to rebuild part of her
1107:
González-José R, Bortolini MC, Santos FR, Bonatto SL (October 2008). "The peopling of
America: craniofacial shape variation on a continental scale and its interpretation from an interdisciplinary view".
1191:
311:
Neves and other
Brazilian anthropologists theorized that Luzia's Paleo-Indian predecessors lived in South East Asia for tens of thousands of years after migrating from Africa and began arriving in the
3592:
838:
688:
570:
3587:
434:
245:
that also belonged to the fossil and was stored. A part of the box that contained Luzia's skull was also recovered. The reassembly of the bones has not yet been undertaken.
592:
3494:
1745:
1405:
618:
925:
3597:
2082:
1448:
1438:
1325:
Neves, W. A.; Hubbe, M. (December 20, 2005). "Cranial morphology of early
Americans from Lagoa Santa, Brazil: Implications for the settlement of the New World".
3602:
3582:
710:
419:
388:
found in Montana, mtDNA haplogroup A2, B2, C1d1 and three of the Lagoa Santa individuals harbor the same Y chromosome haplogroup Q1b1a1a1-M848 as found in the
3489:
1706:
1701:
1478:
424:
3748:
3554:
789:
1000:
3607:
3577:
1398:
280:
Her facial features included a narrow, oval cranium, projecting face and pronounced chin, strikingly dissimilar to most Native Americans and their
233:
have determined that Luzia died in her early 20s. Although flint tools were found nearby, hers were the only human remains found in Vermelha Cave.
3469:
2115:
3738:
3454:
1969:
765:
3758:
2431:
2054:
2013:
1858:
1391:
1718:
1713:
323:
migrated in boats along the Kuril island chain, the Beringian coast and down the west coast of the Americas during the decline of the
3459:
2020:
1771:
1496:
641:
3723:
2463:
3547:
225:
In 2013, testing of the charcoal recovered from the stratum with Luzia's bones date the remains at an age of 10,030 ± 60 14C yr
315:
as early as 15,000 years ago. The oldest confirmed date for an archaeosite in the Americas is 18,500 and 14,500 cal BP for the
1779:
1162:
3690:
2451:
1844:
1740:
3365:
2480:
1979:
1974:
934:
358:
357:
by studies resumed in a laboratory of the National Institute of Technology (INT) by master's and doctoral students of the
3424:
2475:
2353:
1999:
1854:
1678:
534:
3743:
3540:
3479:
2458:
2097:
1839:
1668:
1414:
327:. In 1998, Neves and archaeologist André Prous studied and dated 11,400 years for the skull of Luzia after naming her.
258:
1029:
van Vark GN, Kuizenga D, Williams FL (June 2003). "Kennewick and Luzia: lessons from the European Upper Paleolithic".
3753:
3418:
2487:
1696:
3239:
2928:
1789:
1165:[Survivors: skulls of extinct Indians of Central Brazil indicate link with the first settlers of America].
3695:
3309:
2939:
2621:
2436:
2047:
1922:
1867:
1829:
1809:
1484:
1377:
1163:"Os sobreviventes: Crânios de índios extintos do Brasil Central indicam elo com primeiros povoadores da América"
3733:
3401:
3244:
2092:
1984:
1912:
1902:
1887:
1814:
1655:
173:
3380:
2656:
593:"O crânio de Luzia, a mais antiga habitante das Américas, pode ter desaparecido no incêndio do Museu Nacional"
468:
3390:
2631:
2135:
1917:
1892:
1872:
1819:
1008:
544:
281:
3701:
3406:
927:
From Asia to the Americas by boat? Paleogeography, paleoecology, and stemmed points of the northwest Pacific
814:
3768:
3484:
3412:
3376:
2446:
1897:
1877:
1834:
1824:
1784:
253:
1192:"Pesquisadores recriam parte do acervo do Museu Nacional, incluindo o crânio de Luzia, com impressoras 3D"
3078:
2950:
2536:
2278:
2087:
1942:
1882:
1631:
1575:
1443:
3763:
3683:
3649:
3305:
3189:
3032:
2040:
1907:
1064:
Fiedel, Stuart J. (2004). "The Kennewick Follies: 'New' Theories about the Peopling of the Americas".
365:
305:
3563:
1491:
339:
273:
237:
169:
32:
1311:
3012:
2616:
2541:
2418:
2393:
2107:
1570:
229:(11,243–11,710 cal BP), Luzia is one of the most ancient American human skeletons ever discovered.
154:
109:
308:, suggested that Luzia's features most strongly resembled those of Australian Aboriginal peoples.
3728:
3639:
3088:
2761:
2258:
1989:
1585:
1517:
429:
165:
3313:
734:"New Radiocarbon Ages of Luzia Woman, Lapa Vermelha IV Site, Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil"
285:
150:
2731:
319:
site in southern Chile. Some anthropologists have hypothesized that a population from coastal
3234:
3149:
3083:
2716:
2470:
2441:
2240:
2215:
2180:
1994:
1673:
1580:
497:
448:
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3249:
3214:
3134:
2823:
2531:
2426:
2408:
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2032:
1952:
1947:
1663:
1453:
1267:
1241:
878:
324:
3644:
2711:
346:
of the same region also showed strong affinities, leading Neves to classify the Aimoré as
268:
8:
3351:
3113:
2145:
2125:
1170:
393:
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125:
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1271:
882:
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3103:
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2626:
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2210:
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2175:
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1957:
1750:
1345:
1293:
1143:
1089:
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513:
502:
369:
3093:
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3118:
3108:
2818:
2786:
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2063:
1804:
1688:
1463:
1433:
1383:
1350:
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1135:
1093:
1046:
975:
906:
389:
130:
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2561:
2527:
1297:
1147:
987:
3199:
3139:
3123:
3006:
2970:
2877:
2781:
2581:
2398:
2373:
2190:
2185:
1962:
1636:
1340:
1330:
1275:
1125:
1117:
1073:
1038:
967:
896:
886:
839:"Crânio de Luzia é encontrado nos escombros do Museu Nacional, dizem pesquisadores"
745:
689:"Crânio de Luzia é encontrado nos escombros do Museu Nacional, dizem pesquisadores"
539:
262:
343:
203:
3322:
3001:
2960:
2945:
2908:
2872:
2766:
2661:
2576:
2551:
2512:
2497:
2318:
2155:
1641:
891:
407:
1253:
194:
3666:
3655:
3253:
3219:
3063:
3038:
2995:
2985:
2975:
2965:
2923:
2706:
2517:
2507:
2200:
2160:
2150:
1611:
1601:
1532:
865:"New Archaeological Evidence for an Early Human Presence at Monte Verde, Chile"
750:
733:
508:
377:
297:
226:
214:
146:
83:
3355:
3339:
3159:
548:
453:
284:. Anthropologists variously described Luzia's features as resembling those of
3717:
3209:
3053:
3022:
2990:
2934:
2902:
2741:
2701:
2691:
2686:
2676:
2671:
2606:
2601:
2556:
2120:
2077:
1606:
1547:
1428:
1077:
711:"Museu Nacional resgata crânio de Luzia quebrado e identifica 80% das partes"
487:
463:
332:
134:
3532:
3300:
3296:
2288:
2283:
1335:
1280:
1255:
571:"Busca pelo crânio de Luzia continua um mês após incêndio no Museu Nacional"
3292:
3268:
3224:
3174:
3169:
3058:
3043:
3027:
2892:
2843:
2838:
2813:
2791:
2756:
2636:
2338:
2273:
2230:
1799:
1537:
1527:
1522:
1354:
1289:
1139:
1050:
979:
910:
347:
301:
210:
64:
2776:
3633:
3288:
3278:
2897:
2828:
2681:
2358:
2250:
2130:
354:
335:
and other factors affecting craniofacial plasticity in Native Americans.
316:
289:
1130:
956:
790:"Especialista compara perda do fóssil Luzia com destruição da Mona Lisa"
766:"Brazil's First Human "Luzia" Destroyed In Rio De Janeiro's Museum Fire"
26:
3326:
3164:
3144:
2586:
2378:
2140:
1542:
1512:
1242:
Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America
1121:
1085:
1042:
971:
813:
Andreoni, Manuela; Londoño, Ernesto; Moriconi, Lis (3 September 2018).
482:
458:
2771:
492:
3347:
3343:
3318:
3068:
2403:
2293:
320:
312:
213:
by a joint French-Brazilian expedition that was working not far from
2852:
2522:
172:, where it was shown to the public until it was fragmented during a
3334:
3184:
2726:
2721:
2611:
2591:
1794:
1106:
869:
385:
230:
178:
2746:
642:"The Story of Luzia, the Oldest Human Skull Found in the Americas"
619:"Skull of ancient human possibly found in burned Brazilian museum"
3330:
2867:
2751:
2492:
2388:
2363:
2348:
2268:
2263:
2220:
2195:
2165:
293:
236:
The fossil of Luzia was believed to have been destroyed when the
2796:
815:"Brazil Museum Fire Leaves Ashes, Recrimination and Little Else"
3273:
3263:
2646:
2641:
2566:
2502:
2383:
2333:
2323:
2298:
1372:
138:
2913:
2857:
2848:
2736:
2313:
242:
199:
3495:
Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2062:
923:
664:"Brazil museum fire: Prized 'Luzia' fossil skull recovered"
142:
16:
Upper Paleolithic period skeleton of a Paleo-Indian woman
1028:
812:
1413:
863:
Dillehay, Tom D.; Ocampo, Carlos (November 18, 2015).
420:
Collection of fossils in the National Museum of Brazil
241:
bones that are more resistant and the fragment of her
3490:
Painting in the Americas before European colonization
425:
Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
248:
1329:. Vol. 102, no. 51. pp. 18309–18314.
164:
was chosen in homage to the Australopithecus fossil
3715:
272:Facial reconstruction of Luzia completed at the
392:genome of Nevada. The bust of Luzia displaying
3470:Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
3455:Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas
862:
372:released a study that contradicts the alleged
353:Researchers recreated the skull of Luzia with
141:. The 11,500-year-old skeleton was found in a
3562:
3548:
2048:
1399:
1254:Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor; et al. (2018).
1215:
856:
640:Solá-Santiago, Frances (September 24, 2018).
639:
612:
610:
209:Luzia was originally discovered in 1974 in a
1256:"Early human dispersals within the Americas"
3749:Paleo-Indian archaeological sites in Brazil
616:
153:region of Brazil, in 1974 by archaeologist
145:in the Lapa Vermelha archeological site in
3578:Balbino de Freitas (Brazilian archaeology)
3555:
3541:
2055:
2041:
1406:
1392:
1324:
617:Stargardter, Gabriel (September 4, 2018).
607:
595:(in Portuguese). O Globo. 6 September 2018
573:(in Portuguese). em.com.br. 3 October 2018
25:
3460:Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
1344:
1334:
1279:
1129:
1110:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1031:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
960:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
900:
890:
749:
2064:Pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures
924:Erlandson, Jon M. & Braje, Todd J.,
731:
686:
267:
252:
193:
1312:"The new face of South American people"
3716:
1063:
713:(in Portuguese). UOL. October 19, 2018
3536:
2036:
1387:
1160:
687:Salviano, Murilo (October 19, 2018).
532:
124:
3739:Oldest human remains in the Americas
1161:Lopes, Reinaldo José (10 Oct 2005).
364:In November 2018, scientists of the
359:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
31:Luzia's remains as displayed at the
3759:Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact
2488:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela
1066:Journal of Anthropological Research
13:
3480:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas
2459:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia
1687:
1415:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
259:National Museum of Natural History
249:Phenotypical analysis and genotype
14:
3780:
2471:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador
2442:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia
1365:
137:woman who was found in a cave in
3616:
3512:
2464:Archaeological sites in Colombia
2437:Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil
1462:
1371:
400:
3724:1975 archaeological discoveries
2447:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Chile
1318:
1304:
1247:
1231:
1209:
1184:
1169:(in Portuguese). Archived from
1154:
1100:
1057:
1022:
993:
950:
917:
831:
806:
782:
758:
276:visible in this 2015 photograph
257:A cast of Luzia's skull at the
220:
189:
3691:National Museum of Brazil fire
1037:(2): 181–4, discussion 185–8.
1001:"Walter Neves: Luzia's father"
725:
703:
680:
656:
633:
585:
563:
533:Smith, C. (18 February 2000).
526:
42:
1:
3391:Spanish Conquest of Guatemala
2452:Archaeological sites in Chile
1220:(in Brazilian Portuguese). G1
545:Discovery Communications Inc.
519:
282:indigenous Siberian forebears
168:. The fossil was kept at the
3485:Mesoamerican writing systems
3442:
2481:Archaeological sites in Peru
1216:César Menezes (8 Nov 2018).
892:10.1371/journal.pone.0141923
7:
3381:Spanish Conquest of Yucatán
413:
304:, an anthropologist at the
10:
3785:
3702:Bendegó meteorite (report)
3684:Archivos do Museu Nacional
3407:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
3310:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
751:10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16253
435:Settlement of the Americas
184:
47:Lapa Vermelha IV Hominid 1
3744:National Museum of Brazil
3675:
3625:
3614:
3593:Mediterranean antiquities
3570:
3564:National Museum of Brazil
3508:
3450:
3441:
3361:
3284:
3259:
3230:
3205:
3180:
3155:
3130:
3099:
3074:
3049:
3018:
2981:
2956:
2919:
2888:
2863:
2834:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2632:Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia)
2417:
2249:
2106:
2070:
2008:
1935:
1853:
1770:
1761:
1731:
1654:
1624:
1594:
1563:
1556:
1505:
1471:
1460:
1421:
732:Fontugne, Michel (2013).
274:National Museum of Brazil
170:National Museum of Brazil
122:Portuguese pronunciation:
105:
90:
79:
71:
59:
51:
40:
33:National Museum of Brazil
24:
3754:Peopling of the Americas
3650:Patos de Minas meteorite
3519:Civilizations portal
2476:Cultural periods of Peru
1078:10.1086/jar.60.1.3631009
338:A comparison in 2005 of
155:Annette Laming-Emperaire
110:Annette Laming-Emperaire
3413:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
2259:Mesoamerican chronology
1336:10.1073/pnas.0507185102
1281:10.1126/science.aav2621
430:List of unsolved deaths
376:origin of Luzia. Using
366:University of São Paulo
306:University of São Paulo
3608:Werner (rare minerals)
2116:Archaeological periods
342:specimens with modern
286:Indigenous Australians
277:
265:
206:
198:Photogrammetry of all
151:Greater Belo Horizonte
3734:Archaeology of Brazil
3696:Paço de São Cristóvão
3640:Avanhandava meteorite
3419:List of Conquistadors
3306:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
2717:Quebrada de Humahuaca
2136:Caddoan Mississippian
1741:European colonization
498:Calico Early Man Site
449:Arlington Springs Man
271:
256:
197:
133:period skeleton of a
129:) is the name for an
3386:Francisco de Montejo
3314:Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I
2427:Andean civilizations
2354:Shaft tomb tradition
1454:Solutrean hypothesis
1380:at Wikimedia Commons
325:Last Glacial Maximum
75:11,243–11,710 cal BP
3769:Paleo-Indian people
3352:Manco Inca Yupanqui
2657:Manteño-Huancavilca
2126:Ancestral Puebloans
1840:Trinidad and Tobago
1272:2018Sci...362.2621M
883:2015PLoSO..1041923D
691:(in Portuguese). G1
551:on 24 December 2007
475:Archeological sites
469:Kwäday Dän Ts'ìnchi
394:Australo-Melanesian
374:Australo-Melanesian
21:
3475:Columbian exchange
3465:Portal:Mesoamerica
2617:La Tolita (Tumaco)
2432:Indigenous peoples
2171:Hopewell tradition
2098:Indigenous peoples
2000:In popular culture
1751:Columbian exchange
1746:Population history
1472:Mythology/Religion
1266:(6419): eaav2621.
1122:10.1002/ajpa.20854
1043:10.1002/ajpa.10176
972:10.1002/ajpa.20923
819:The New York Times
514:Marmes Rockshelter
503:Cueva de las Manos
370:Harvard University
278:
266:
207:
19:
3764:Upper Paleolithic
3711:
3710:
3645:Bendegó meteorite
3530:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3500:Pre-Columbian art
3436:
3435:
3430:Francisco Pizarro
3396:Pedro de Alvarado
2712:Pucará de Tilcara
2030:
2029:
1931:
1930:
1727:
1726:
1650:
1649:
1620:
1619:
1434:Pre-Columbian era
1376:Media related to
1167:Jornal da Ciência
131:Upper Paleolithic
126:[luˈzi.ɐ]
115:
114:
3776:
3620:
3619:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3439:
3438:
3425:Spanish Conquest
3402:Spanish Conquest
3377:Spanish Conquest
3366:Spanish Conquest
2808:
2807:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2034:
2033:
1768:
1767:
1685:
1684:
1561:
1560:
1503:
1502:
1466:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1385:
1384:
1375:
1359:
1358:
1348:
1338:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1283:
1251:
1245:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1173:on 4 August 2012
1158:
1152:
1151:
1133:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1007:. Archived from
997:
991:
990:
954:
948:
947:
946:
945:
939:
933:, archived from
932:
921:
915:
914:
904:
894:
877:(11): e0141923.
860:
854:
853:
851:
850:
835:
829:
828:
826:
825:
810:
804:
803:
801:
800:
786:
780:
779:
777:
776:
762:
756:
755:
753:
729:
723:
722:
720:
718:
707:
701:
700:
698:
696:
684:
678:
677:
675:
674:
660:
654:
653:
651:
649:
637:
631:
630:
628:
626:
614:
605:
604:
602:
600:
589:
583:
582:
580:
578:
567:
561:
560:
558:
556:
540:Cabrillo College
530:
505:- Cave paintings
408:hunter-gatherers
263:Washington, D.C.
128:
123:
101:
99:
80:Place discovered
44:
29:
22:
18:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3671:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3588:Funerary steles
3566:
3561:
3531:
3522:
3513:
3511:
3504:
3446:
3437:
3427:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3379:
3368:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3323:Quemuenchatocha
3321:
3312:
3308:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3252:
3121:
3030:
3004:
2993:
2940:Human Sacrifice
2937:
2929:Human Sacrifice
2926:
2900:
2873:Mayan Languages
2801:
2413:
2245:
2102:
2083:Genetic history
2066:
2061:
2031:
2026:
2004:
1927:
1849:
1763:
1757:
1733:
1723:
1683:
1646:
1616:
1590:
1552:
1501:
1497:Human sacrifice
1485:List of deities
1467:
1458:
1417:
1412:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1323:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1252:
1248:
1236:
1232:
1223:
1221:
1214:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1198:(in Portuguese)
1190:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1174:
1159:
1155:
1105:
1101:
1062:
1058:
1027:
1023:
1014:
1012:
999:
998:
994:
955:
951:
943:
941:
937:
930:
922:
918:
861:
857:
848:
846:
845:(in Portuguese)
837:
836:
832:
823:
821:
811:
807:
798:
796:
788:
787:
783:
774:
772:
764:
763:
759:
730:
726:
716:
714:
709:
708:
704:
694:
692:
685:
681:
672:
670:
662:
661:
657:
647:
645:
638:
634:
624:
622:
615:
608:
598:
596:
591:
590:
586:
576:
574:
569:
568:
564:
554:
552:
531:
527:
522:
416:
403:
251:
238:National Museum
223:
192:
187:
121:
97:
95:
91:Date discovered
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3782:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3729:1975 in Brazil
3726:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3688:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3667:Sha-Amun-en-su
3664:
3659:
3656:Maxakalisaurus
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3560:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3537:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3434:
3433:
3422:
3399:
3374:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3337:
3316:
3303:
3286:
3285:Notable Rulers
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3254:Neo-Inca State
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3010:
2999:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2932:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1939:
1937:
1936:Related topics
1933:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1737:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1533:Medicine wheel
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1439:Classification
1436:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1378:Luzia (fossil)
1367:
1366:External links
1364:
1361:
1360:
1317:
1303:
1246:
1230:
1208:
1183:
1153:
1099:
1056:
1021:
992:
949:
916:
855:
830:
805:
781:
757:
724:
702:
679:
655:
632:
606:
584:
562:
547:Archived from
524:
523:
521:
518:
517:
516:
511:
509:Fort Rock Cave
506:
500:
495:
490:
485:
479:
478:
476:
472:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
445:
444:
442:
438:
437:
432:
427:
422:
415:
412:
402:
399:
378:DNA sequencing
298:Southeast Asia
250:
247:
222:
219:
215:Belo Horizonte
191:
188:
186:
183:
147:Pedro Leopoldo
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
92:
88:
87:
84:Pedro Leopoldo
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
38:
37:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3781:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:(publication)
3686:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3558:
3553:
3551:
3546:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3521:
3520:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3431:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3371:Hernán Cortés
3367:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2419:South America
2416:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2241:Weeden Island
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2216:Poverty Point
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2181:Mississippian
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2108:North America
2105:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:Paleo-Indians
2076:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1855:South America
1852:
1846:
1845:United States
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1772:North America
1769:
1766:
1762:Modern groups
1760:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1730:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1659:
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1625:South America
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1548:Turtle Island
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1432:
1430:
1429:Paleo-Indians
1427:
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1397:
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1116:(2): 175–87.
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1072:(1): 75–110.
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1011:on 2015-03-29
1010:
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989:
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966:(3): 255–65,
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940:on 2018-09-19
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541:
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535:"Luzia Woman"
529:
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489:
488:Paisley Caves
486:
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464:Kennewick Man
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441:Human remains
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401:Anthropometry
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341:
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201:
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160:The nickname
158:
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106:Discovered by
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3293:Moctezuma II
3250:Inca history
3175:Andean Music
3119:Architecture
3114:Architecture
3109:Architecture
3104:Architecture
3100:Architecture
3094:Gender Roles
2839:Tenochtitlan
2762:Timoto–Cuica
2757:Tierradentro
2651:
2542:Casma–Sechin
2274:Chalcatzingo
2019:
2012:
1734:colonization
1538:The red road
1528:Medicine man
1523:Great Spirit
1326:
1320:
1306:
1263:
1259:
1249:
1238:Cosimo Posth
1237:
1233:
1222:. Retrieved
1211:
1200:. Retrieved
1195:
1186:
1175:. Retrieved
1171:the original
1166:
1156:
1131:11336/101290
1113:
1109:
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1065:
1059:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1013:. Retrieved
1009:the original
1004:
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942:, retrieved
935:the original
926:
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847:. Retrieved
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682:
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667:
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648:25 September
646:. Retrieved
635:
623:. Retrieved
597:. Retrieved
587:
575:. Retrieved
565:
553:. Retrieved
549:the original
538:
528:
404:
382:
363:
352:
348:Paleo-Indian
337:
329:
310:
302:Walter Neves
279:
235:
224:
221:21st century
211:rock shelter
208:
190:20th century
161:
159:
135:Paleo-Indian
117:
116:
65:Homo sapiens
63:
3662:Luzia Woman
3634:Aratasaurus
3571:Collections
3356:Túpac Amaru
3340:Manco Cápac
3289:Moctezuma I
3200:Agriculture
3195:Agriculture
3190:Agriculture
3181:Agriculture
3124:Road System
3013:Mathematics
2878:Muysc Cubun
2732:San Agustín
2682:Monte Verde
2359:Teotihuacan
2251:Mesoamerica
2146:Coles Creek
2131:Anishinaabe
2088:Archaeology
1943:Ethnobotany
1800:El Salvador
1702:Visual arts
1571:Cosmovision
1557:Mesoamerica
1518:Fifth World
1479:Mythologies
1444:Archaeology
1422:Pre-history
738:Radiocarbon
717:October 19,
695:October 19,
625:7 September
555:21 December
454:Peñon woman
390:Spirit Cave
355:3D printers
340:Lagoa Santa
317:Monte Verde
290:Melanesians
118:Luzia Woman
52:Common name
3718:Categories
3698:(building)
3598:Meteorites
3327:Tisquesusa
3301:Cuauhtémoc
3297:Cuitláhuac
2627:Lauricocha
2597:Gran Chaco
2587:Cupisnique
2572:Chinchorro
2547:Chachapoya
2537:Caral–Supe
2379:Tlaxcaltec
2369:Teuchitlán
2284:Chupícuaro
2211:Plum Bayou
2206:Plaquemine
2176:Marksville
2141:Chichimeca
1985:Philosophy
1790:Costa Rica
1764:by country
1595:Variations
1586:World tree
1543:Totem pole
1513:Arborglyph
1224:2018-11-09
1202:2018-09-22
1177:2008-02-15
1015:2018-10-20
944:2016-02-13
849:2018-10-19
824:2018-09-04
799:2018-09-04
775:2018-09-04
673:2018-10-20
644:. Remezcla
520:References
483:Mummy Cave
459:Buhl Woman
3626:Artifacts
3348:Atahualpa
3344:Pachacuti
3319:Nemequene
3185:Chinampas
3007:Astronomy
2996:Astronomy
2976:Mythology
2971:Mythology
2966:Mythology
2961:Mythology
2957:Mythology
2787:Wankarani
2777:Tuncahuán
2667:Marajoara
2622:Las Vegas
2508:Atacameño
2404:Xochipala
2344:Purépecha
2304:Epi-Olmec
2294:Cuicuilco
2236:Troyville
2226:St. Johns
1980:Movements
1975:Languages
1923:Venezuela
1868:Argentina
1830:Nicaragua
1810:Guatemala
1805:Greenland
1492:Religions
1094:163722475
621:. Reuters
599:8 October
577:4 October
321:East Asia
313:New World
231:Forensics
202:sides by
149:, in the
3444:See also
3362:Conquest
3335:Zoratama
3002:Calendar
2991:Calendar
2986:Calendar
2982:Calendar
2951:Religion
2946:Religion
2935:Religion
2924:Religion
2920:Religion
2909:Numerals
2903:Numerals
2864:Language
2844:Multiple
2782:Valdivia
2767:Tiwanaku
2727:Saladoid
2722:Quimbaya
2612:Kuhikugu
2592:Diaguita
2582:Chorrera
2399:Veraguas
2394:Veracruz
2374:Tlatilco
2186:Mogollon
2093:Cultures
2071:Americas
2014:Category
1970:Identity
1953:Iroquois
1948:Cherokee
1913:Suriname
1903:Paraguay
1888:Colombia
1815:Honduras
1795:Dominica
1732:European
1707:Painting
1669:Colombia
1581:Religion
1576:Creation
1449:Genetics
1355:16344464
1298:53241760
1290:30409807
1148:32748672
1140:18481303
1051:12740961
988:21953365
980:18951391
911:26580202
870:PLoS ONE
770:NDTV.com
414:See also
386:Anzick-1
294:Negritos
292:and the
179:skeleton
86:, Brazil
41:Catalog
3603:Mummies
3583:Fossils
3331:Tundama
3260:Peoples
3245:History
3240:History
3235:History
3231:History
3225:Cuisine
3220:Cuisine
3215:Cuisine
3210:Cuisine
3206:Cuisine
3064:Warfare
3059:Warfare
3054:Warfare
3050:Warfare
3044:Society
3039:Economy
3028:Society
3023:Society
3019:Society
2889:Writing
2883:Quechua
2868:Nahuatl
2835:Capital
2772:Toyopán
2752:Tairona
2662:Mapuche
2577:Chiripa
2552:Chancay
2523:Cañaris
2498:Amotape
2493:El Abra
2409:Zapotec
2389:Totonac
2364:Tepanec
2349:Quelepa
2319:Mezcala
2309:Huastec
2279:Cholula
2269:Capacha
2264:Acolhua
2221:Sinagua
2196:Patayan
2166:Hohokam
2156:Fremont
1990:Studies
1918:Uruguay
1893:Ecuador
1873:Bolivia
1820:Jamaica
1719:Writers
1714:Artists
1674:Ecuador
1656:Culture
1637:Mapuche
1346:1317934
1268:Bibcode
1260:Science
1240:et al.
1086:3631009
902:4651426
879:Bibcode
744:(2–3).
493:Xá:ytem
185:History
96: (
60:Species
35:in 2015
3704:(book)
3274:Muisca
3269:Mayans
3264:Aztecs
2898:Script
2893:Script
2853:Bacatá
2824:Muisca
2707:Pucará
2702:Piaroa
2697:Paiján
2692:Omagua
2647:Lupaca
2642:Lokono
2607:Kalina
2602:Huetar
2562:Chavín
2557:Chango
2532:Nariño
2528:Capulí
2518:Calima
2513:Aymara
2503:Arawak
2384:Toltec
2334:Olmecs
2329:Nicoya
2324:Mixtec
2299:Diquis
2201:Picosa
2191:Oshara
2161:Glades
2151:Dorset
2021:Portal
1958:Navajo
1898:Guyana
1878:Brazil
1835:Panama
1825:Mexico
1785:Canada
1780:Belize
1642:Muisca
1564:Common
1353:
1343:
1296:
1288:
1244:, 2018
1146:
1138:
1092:
1084:
1049:
986:
978:
909:
899:
139:Brazil
3676:Other
3279:Incas
3170:Music
3165:Music
3160:Music
3156:Music
3089:Women
3084:Women
3079:Women
3075:Women
3033:Trade
2914:Quipu
2858:Cusco
2849:Hunza
2814:Aztec
2747:Taíno
2742:Sican
2737:Shuar
2687:Nazca
2677:Mollo
2672:Moche
2652:Luzia
2567:Chimú
2339:Pipil
2314:Izapa
2289:Coclé
2231:Thule
2121:Adena
1995:Trade
1883:Chile
1697:Music
1664:Andes
1612:Olmec
1602:Aztec
1294:S2CID
1196:Globo
1144:S2CID
1090:S2CID
1082:JSTOR
1005:Globo
984:S2CID
938:(PDF)
931:(PDF)
243:femur
200:skull
162:Luzia
55:Luzia
20:Luzia
3069:Army
2851:and
2829:Inca
2819:Maya
2797:Zenú
2792:Wari
2637:Lima
1963:Zuni
1908:Peru
1859:list
1679:Peru
1632:Inca
1607:Maya
1351:PMID
1327:NCBI
1286:PMID
1136:PMID
1047:PMID
976:PMID
907:PMID
719:2018
697:2018
650:2018
627:2018
601:2018
579:2018
557:2007
368:and
174:fire
166:Lucy
143:cave
98:1974
94:1974
3150:Art
3145:Art
3140:Art
3135:Art
3131:Art
1689:Art
1341:PMC
1331:doi
1276:doi
1264:362
1126:hdl
1118:doi
1114:137
1074:doi
1039:doi
1035:121
968:doi
964:138
897:PMC
887:doi
746:doi
668:BBC
296:of
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72:Age
43:no.
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