3148:
generally avoids using the term chronic Lyme, and because of this establishment wariness, advocates who believe Lyme is a chronic infection now sometimes advise patients to avoid it too.) This version of Lyme has no consistent symptoms, no fixed criteria, and no accurate test. This Lyme is a kind of identity. Lyme is a label for a state of being, a word that conveys your understanding of your lived experience. Lyme provides the language to articulate that experience and join with others who share it. In the world of chronic Lyme, doctors are trustworthy (or not) based on their willingness to treat Lyme. Tests are trustworthy (or not) based on their ability to confirm Lyme. Lyme is the fundamental fact, and you work backward from there. Lyme is a community with a cause: the recognition of its sufferers' suffering—and, with it, the recognition of Lyme.
1483:, sometimes in people without any evidence of past infection. This viewpoint is promoted by many who have been told they have the condition by people who lack experience in science or medicine. Groups, advocates, and the small number of physicians who support the concept of chronic Lyme disease have organized to lobby for recognition of this diagnosis, as well as to argue for insurance coverage of long-term antibiotic therapy, which most insurers deny, as it is at odds with the guidelines of major medical organizations.
1443:, but often do not resemble it. True Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions are generally transient, mild, and found only within the first 24 hours of beginning antibiotics. But in online Lyme groups, patients have claimed to "herx" long after initial antibiotic treatment for durations that can last weeks. A mistaken belief that a treatment is working can cause patients to ignore serious drug side effects of antibiotics or prevent diagnosis and treatment of other true causes of worsening symptoms.
110:
1424:, have not been shown to be tick-borne or a co-infection of Lyme disease. Some may be told that they are being poisoned by mold. NIH doctor Adriana Marques has noted that patients may also be told that they have "metabolic and hormonal imbalances, immune dysfunction, heavy metal toxicity, allergies, damage by toxins, mitochondrial dysfunction and enzyme deficiencies".
1431:, another condition unrecognized by medical science. Morgellons—which is generally considered a form of delusional parasitosis by mainstream doctors—involves a belief that fibers are being produced by the skin. Among the top promoters of Morgellons is former ILADS president Raphael Stricker, who claims that CLD is causing the fibers to grow. In 2015,
1343:
studies have shown that antibiotics offer no sustained benefit in people with chronic Lyme, with evidence of both placebo effects and significant adverse effects from such treatment. Many people who believe that they have chronic Lyme have fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia can be difficult to treat, and antibiotics do not work at all for fibromyalgia. A
1263:. Chronic Lyme disease is also distinct from the post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS), when symptoms linger after standard antibiotic treatments. PTLDS is estimated to occur in less than 5% of people who had Lyme disease and were treated. In contrast to these recognized medical conditions, the promotion of
3163:
Forestier, E.; Gonnet, F.; Revil-Signorat, A.; Zipper, A.C. (December 2018). "Cheminement diagnostique et vécu des patients se pensant atteints de " maladie de Lyme chronique "" [Pathway to diagnosis and real-life experience of patients believing they are affected by "chronic Lyme disease"].
3147:
For this community of patients, Lyme has come to function as something more expansive than a diagnosis. While Lyme disease is a specific medical condition—one that may manifest more severely or less, be treated more easily or less—chronic Lyme is something else altogether. (The medical establishment
1601:
The media frequently disregard complex scientific data in favor of testimonials about patients suffering from purported chronic Lyme disease and may even question the competence of clinicians who are reluctant to diagnose chronic Lyme disease ... to a great deal of public confusion with little
1446:
If a patient improves while on a treatment, experts warn that this also should not be interpreted as evidence of Lyme infection and that the treatment is working. Randomized controlled trials found that close to 40% of people with post-Lyme symptoms felt better while on placebo. An assumption that a
1455:
While there is general agreement on the optimal treatment for Lyme disease, the existence of chronic Lyme is generally rejected because there is no evidence of its existence. Even among those who believe in it, there is no consensus over its prevalence, symptoms, diagnostic criteria, or treatment.
1438:
A belief in chronic Lyme disease is often reinforced based on fallacious reasoning. For example, if a patient either feels better or feels worse after a treatment, it may be wrongly interpreted as evidence both that the diagnosis is appropriate and that the treatment is working. In the chronic Lyme
1514:
and of unduly dismissing alternative therapies and chronic Lyme disease. The investigation was closed on May 1, 2008, without charges when the IDSA agreed to submit to a review of its guidelines by a panel of independent scientists and physicians which would occur on July 30, 2009, citing mounting
1546:
The state of
Connecticut, meanwhile, enacted a law on June 18, 2009, "to allow a licensed physician to prescribe, administer or dispense long-term antibiotics for a therapeutic purpose to a patient clinically diagnosed with Lyme disease." The states of Rhode Island, California, Massachusetts, New
1537:
The expert panel's review was published in 2010, with the independent doctors and scientists in the panel unanimously endorsing the guidelines, stating "No changes or revisions to the 2006 Lyme guidelines are necessary at this time", and concluding long-term antibiotic treatments are unproven and
1407:
Patients who receive a false chronic Lyme diagnosis are frequently told that they have other diagnoses that are not scientifically recognized. Infections may be diagnosed even without compatible symptom history, exposure in an endemic area, and credible positive test results. Some inappropriately
1342:
is involved in the various symptoms classed as CLD, and particularly advise against long-term antibiotic treatment as it is ineffective and potentially harmful. Prolonged antibiotic therapy presents significant risks and can have dangerous, even deadly, side effects. Randomized placebo-controlled
1622:
embraces, with bits and pieces of skimpy evidence and a whole lot more paranoid leftist fervor, the notion that "chronic Lyme disease" is a condition that the medical establishment is locked in a conspiracy to deny the existence of. The filmmakers actually bungle what should have been their real
1322:
of the antibiotics used to treat the animals in the trials versus what would be expected to be used to treat humans. The authors concluded, "There is no scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that such spirochetes, should they exist in humans, are the cause of post-Lyme disease syndrome."
1463:
which noted the diagnosis of chronic Lyme disease is used by a few physicians despite a lack of "reproducible or convincing scientific evidence", leading the authors to describe this diagnosis as "the latest in a series of syndromes that have been postulated in an attempt to attribute medically
1362:
examined a long list of symptoms attributed to CLD and remarked that it "pretty much covers everyone." Consistent with this observation, a study found that a questionnaire of non-specific symptoms based on an ILADS symptom checklist could not distinguish between patients with possible post-Lyme
1573:
and a co-discoverer and leading expert on Lyme disease, had been harassed, stalked, and threatened by patients and patient advocacy groups angry at his refusal to substantiate their diagnoses of "chronic" Lyme disease and endorse long-term antibiotic therapy. Because this intimidation included
1366:
While many people who receive CLD diagnoses have unexplained symptoms (including chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia), others have well-defined diagnoses. Cases of cancer, a brain tumor, ALS, lupus, multiple sclerosis, a thyroid disorder, and mental disorders have each been misdiagnosed as CLD.
1590:
stated nine of nineteen
Internet websites surveyed contained what were described as major inaccuracies. Websites described as providing inaccurate information included several with the word "lyme" in their domain name (e.g., lymenet.org), as well as the website of the International Lyme and
1216:. Fibromyalgia can be triggered by an infection, and antibiotics are not a safe or effective treatment for post-infectious fibromyalgia. Fatigue, joint and muscle pain are also experienced by a minority of people following antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease.
1550:
Massachusetts (2016) and Rhode Island (2003) have laws mandating insurance coverage for long-term antibiotic therapy for Lyme disease when deemed medically necessary by a physician. In 1999 Connecticut had passed a similar, though somewhat more restrictive law.
1235:
and science-based treatment guidelines. Such legislation has been criticised as an example of "legislative alchemy", the process whereby pseudomedicine is legislated into practice. Some doctors view the promotion of chronic Lyme disease as an example of
3480:"Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR): 2020 Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Lyme Disease"
1538:
potentially dangerous. The IDSA welcomed the final report, stating that "Our number one concern is the patients we treat, and we're glad patients and their physicians now have additional reassurance that the guidelines are medically sound."
1391:. In this sense, the goal of the label is not to identify particular objective facts that differentiate one medical condition from another; instead, the main goal is to validate the real suffering experienced by people living with an
2957:
Strizova, Zuzana; Patek, Ondrej; Vitova, Lenka; Horackova, Miroslava; Bartunkova, Jirina (October 2019). "Internet-based self-diagnosis of Lyme disease caused death in a young woman with systemic lupus erythematosus".
1476:(NIH), advise against long-term antibiotic treatment for people who identify as having chronic Lyme disease, given the lack of supporting evidence and the potential for harmful side-effects including toxicities.
1230:
In the United States, after disciplinary proceedings by state medical licensing boards, a subculture of "Lyme literate" physicians has successfully lobbied for specific legal protections, exempting them from the
1490:, cited the political controversy and high emotions as contributing to a "poisonous atmosphere" around Lyme disease, which he believes has led to doctors trying to avoid having Lyme patients in their practices.
1274:
While it is undisputed that people can have severe symptoms of an illness, the cause and appropriate treatment promoted by "chronic Lyme" advocates are controversial. The symptoms are similar to those of
1399:
for them as they cope with it. To some patients, receiving a CLD diagnosis can provide a sense of relief and optimism for the future. They may also become dedicated to fighting for recognition of CLD.
1314:
infection with antibiotics. The authors noted that none of the lingering spirochetes were associated with inflamed tissues and criticized the studies for not having considered adequately the different
1271:. In many cases there is no objective evidence that people who believe they have chronic Lyme have ever been infected with Lyme disease: standard diagnostic tests for infection are often negative.
2122:"The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America"
1208:
Despite numerous studies, there is no evidence that symptoms associated with CLD are caused by any persistent infection. The symptoms attributed to chronic Lyme are in many cases likely due to
1283:. Fibromyalgia can be triggered by an infection, and then persist when the infection is completely removed from the body. A few doctors attribute these symptoms to persistent infection with
1195:. Both the label and the belief that these people's symptoms are caused by this particular infection are generally rejected by medical professionals. Chronic Lyme disease is distinct from
2855:
1227:
therapy, particularly intravenous antibiotics. Recognised authorities advise against long-term antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease, even where some symptoms persist post-treatment.
1367:
Scientists from the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also documented life-threatening infections caused by unnecessary treatment with intravenous antibiotics and
3110:
2176:"Practice parameter: treatment of nervous system Lyme disease (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology"
2097:
2462:"Evidence assessments and guideline recommendations in Lyme disease: the clinical management of known tick bites, erythema migrans rashes and persistent disease"
1163:
2232:
3457:
3918:
2300:
1447:
treatment is working can be reinforced because antibiotics can have anti-inflammatory effects and many conditions tend to naturally improve over time.
1348:
3730:
1633:
1623:
subject (that the belief in chronic Lyme disease has become something of a cult, one that can ruin the lives of the people who think they have it).
1530:
described the decision as an example of the "politicization of health policy" that went against the weight of scientific evidence and may have a
557:
2322:
3795:
1524:
piece described
Blumenthal's investigation as "intimidation" of scientists by an elected official with close ties to Lyme advocacy groups. The
3853:
4088:
3945:
3813:
Special Review Panel
Unanimously Upholds Lyme Disease Treatment Guidelines: Short-term Antibiotics Proven to be Best Treatment for Patients
1439:
world, a patient with worsening symptoms may be told that they are "herxing". The "herxing" claims are based on a real phenomenon called a
1526:
4057:
1156:
232:
3660:
277:
17:
1480:
3759:
Kraemer JD, Gostin LO (February 2009). "Science, politics, and values: the politicization of professional practice guidelines".
1602:
appreciation of the serious harm caused to many patients who have received a misdiagnosis and have been inappropriately treated.
3815:
3734:
3731:"Agreement Ends Lyme Disease Investigation By Connecticut Attorney General: Medical Validity of IDSA Guidelines Not Challenged"
2514:
2434:
1806:
In some cases, some of the subjective symptoms such as fatigue, myalgia, or arthralgia can persist following antibiotic therapy
1465:
1371:. An adolescent girl and a woman were hospitalized for septic shock, with the woman eventually dying. Other patients developed
1327:
846:
152:
3057:"Serious Bacterial Infections Acquired During Treatment of Patients Given a Diagnosis of Chronic Lyme Disease — United States"
2914:
Cheema, Jasreen; Huynh, Aline-Claire; Prat, SĂ©bastien S. (September 2019). "Multiple
Sclerosis and psychosis: A case report".
1358:
False chronic Lyme disease diagnoses are frequently justified due to non-specific symptoms that are common in the population.
2692:
1149:
806:
371:
4202:
801:
796:
647:
450:
35:
2875:"Focus on patients receiving long-term antimicrobial treatments for lyme borreliosis: No lyme but mostly mental disorders"
3271:
3132:
1929:
1720:
1593:
1458:
757:
134:
3581:, March 14, 2013. (This exchange of three letters nicely illustrates the controversy and some of the issues at stake.)
3324:
2414:
2283:
1376:
863:
730:
78:
1718:
Feder, HM; Johnson, BJB; O'Connell, S; et al. (October 2007). "A Critical
Appraisal of "Chronic Lyme Disease"".
1199:, a set of lingering symptoms which may persist after successful antibiotic treatment of infection with Lyme-causing
302:
3346:
1518:
According to the agreement with
Blumenthal, the IDSA Lyme disease guidelines remained in place and unchallenged. A
1487:
1135:
1105:
2430:
1597:
argued media coverage of chronic Lyme disease ignored scientific evidence in favor of anecdotes and testimonials:
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1440:
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1047:
257:
141:
129:
1310:
looked at several animal studies that found persistence of live but disabled spirochetes following treatment of
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789:
4308:
4303:
1959:
1479:
A minority, primarily not medical practitioners, holds that chronic Lyme disease is responsible for a range of
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720:
1473:
1469:
1335:
1331:
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247:
93:
83:
Some jurisdictions have legislated to protect doctors offering worthless and potentially dangerous treatments
1762:"A Review of Post-treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome and Chronic Lyme Disease for the Practicing Immunologist"
1503:
1057:
982:
962:
890:
836:
3738:
4093:
4003:
1960:"Management of patients presenting with generalized musculoskeletal pain and a suspicion of Lyme disease"
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1223:
are promoted for chronic Lyme disease, of which possibly the most controversial and harmful is long-term
1007:
925:
542:
425:
4168:
Cooper, JD Jr.; Feder, HM (December 2004). "Inaccurate information about lyme disease on the internet".
3425:
1387:
Among people who self-identify as having chronic Lyme, the idea of chronic Lyme functions as a type of
547:
366:
292:
1303:
that continues to cause serious symptoms even after the bacteria have been eliminated by antibiotics.
3828:
3691:"Danger ahead: politics intrude in Infectious Diseases Society of America guideline for Lyme disease"
2228:
1413:
816:
430:
376:
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2254:
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unexplained symptoms to particular infections." Medical authorities agree with this viewpoint: the
1280:
1213:
1095:
262:
3861:
1435:
reported that
Stricker treats people who believe they have Morgellons with long-term antibiotics.
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667:
507:
307:
172:
4222:
3812:
3668:
3216:"Chronic Coinfections in Patients Diagnosed with Chronic Lyme Disease: A Systematic Review"
1614:
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1511:
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475:
403:
351:
272:
179:
124:
101:
49:
8:
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532:
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222:
2687:(7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. Chapter 242.
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4150:
4004:"Mad Rush On Beacon Hill Sends 4 Key Bills To Baker's Desk As Legislative Session Ends"
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1115:
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1027:
725:
552:
460:
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346:
3829:"An act concerning the use of long-term antibiotics for the treatment of Lyme disease"
1515:
legal costs and the difficulty of presenting scientific arguments in a legal setting.
4185:
4142:
3776:
3712:
3635:
3608:
3543:
3501:
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2491:
2410:
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1990:
1982:
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1801:
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1307:
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900:
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527:
465:
413:
314:
3571:
3555:
3193:
3019:
3002:
2987:
2002:
1853:
1510:
investigation against the IDSA, accusing the IDSA Lyme disease panel of undisclosed
4248:"Oscar documentary scandal: The real reason that too many good movies got left out"
4177:
4154:
4132:
3768:
3702:
3630:
3600:
3535:
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3383:
3235:
3227:
3173:
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3068:
3014:
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2785:
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2729:
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2473:
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2187:
2155:
2133:
2065:
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1974:
1908:
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1669:
1319:
1315:
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537:
324:
31:
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is by a director whose sister self-identified with the condition. A columnist for
3231:
3177:
2971:
2891:
2874:
2477:
2093:
1978:
1388:
1085:
1042:
627:
617:
492:
455:
393:
361:
356:
329:
267:
237:
68:
2927:
2781:
1958:
Ranque-Garnier, S.; Eldin, C.; Sault, C.; Raoult, D.; Donnet, A. (March 2019).
1777:
1608:
1408:
diagnosed "co-infections" may be based on known tick-borne infections, such as
1396:
1344:
1062:
935:
702:
687:
602:
522:
517:
2831:
2814:
2725:
2685:
Mandell, Douglas, and
Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases
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1986:
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682:
597:
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341:
319:
207:
157:
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1205:
bacteria, and which may have similar symptoms to those associated with CLD.
4189:
4146:
3780:
3772:
3716:
3612:
3604:
3547:
3505:
3496:
3479:
3395:
3369:"Morgellons disease etiology and therapeutic approach: a systematic review"
3249:
3185:
3092:
3073:
3036:
2979:
2935:
2900:
2840:
2799:
2743:
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2147:
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1994:
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1900:
1845:
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1741:
1683:
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1566:
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1300:
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1268:
1237:
1209:
1192:
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1022:
895:
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662:
587:
487:
482:
388:
383:
334:
297:
242:
227:
3315:
Marques, Adriana (2018). "Chronic Lyme Disease". In Halperin, John (ed.).
3289:
3111:"Dangerous unproven treatments for 'chronic Lyme disease' are on the rise"
1891:
1873:
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2380:
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1836:
1819:
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1012:
930:
642:
567:
562:
502:
282:
252:
202:
197:
162:
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2119:
1355:
may be responsible for manifestations of chronic Lyme disease symptoms.
1191:
to refer to their condition, even if there is no evidence that they had
3387:
2438:
2029:
1760:
Wong, Katelyn H.; Shapiro, Eugene D.; Soffer, Gary K. (February 2022).
1428:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1224:
1110:
607:
592:
582:
470:
217:
167:
3526:
Ballantyne C (November 2008). "The chronic debate over Lyme disease".
2873:
Itani, O.; Haddad, E.; Pitron, V.; Pichon, F.; Caumes, E. (May 2021).
2364:"Post-Lyme borreliosis syndrome: a meta-analysis of reported symptoms"
4280:
2098:"Long-Term Antibiotic Use For Lyme Disease Doesn't Work, Study Finds"
1507:
1289:
1252:
1032:
992:
967:
672:
632:
497:
4137:
4120:
3891:"New Vt. law aims to aid in treatment of Lyme disease as cases soar"
3477:
2636:"Antibiotic treatment of animals infected with Borrelia burgdorferi"
2510:
1662:
Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association
1251:
is distinct from untreated late-stage Lyme disease, which can cause
109:
3946:"Maine Legislature clears way for long-term Lyme disease treatment"
3707:
3690:
3591:"Deceptive Lyme Disease Diagnosis Linked With Serious Infections".
3162:
2815:"Non-specific symptoms in adult patients referred to a Lyme centre"
2812:
2138:
2121:
2120:
Wormser GP; Dattwyler RJ; Shapiro ED; et al. (November 2006).
1201:
945:
853:
692:
146:
3001:
Nelson, Christina; Elmendorf, Sarah; Mead, Paul (1 January 2015).
1456:
The evidence-based perspective is exemplified by a 2007 review in
73:
Dangers of long-term antibiotic therapy, delaying appropriate care
4011:
1547:
Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Maine, and Iowa have similar laws.
1295:
1037:
955:
920:
910:
652:
3319:(2nd ed.). Wallingford Boston, MA: CABI. pp. 247–274.
2856:"Her unexplained jitteriness and weight loss were telling clues"
1717:
1658:"Bullying Borrelia: when the culture of science is under attack"
2683:
Gerald L Mandell; John E Bennett; Dolin, Raphael, eds. (2010).
1820:"Chronic Lyme disease: in defense of the scientific enterprise"
1125:
950:
905:
572:
61:
2174:
Halperin JJ, Shapiro ED, Logigian E, et al. (July 2007).
1957:
1541:
2459:
1002:
977:
858:
408:
3054:
2956:
1287:, or co-infections with other tick-borne pathogens, such as
987:
841:
56:
1427:
CLD advocates have also attempted to link Lyme disease to
2536:"Generalizability in two clinical trials of Lyme disease"
1930:"Does Everybody Have Chronic Lyme Disease? Does Anyone?"
1299:. Some conclude that the initial infection may cause an
27:
Belief that symptoms are caused by an unproven infection
2872:
2323:"Treating 'chronic Lyme disease': Is it medical fraud?"
2173:
940:
3366:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3272:"What Happens When Lyme Disease Becomes an Identity?"
3133:"What Happens When Lyme Disease Becomes an Identity?"
2233:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
1486:
Paul G. Auwaerter, director of infectious disease at
3308:
2025:"Lyme Disease: Questionable Diagnosis and Treatment"
3806:
3367:Beuerlein KG, Balogh EA, Feldman SR (August 2021).
3214:Lantos, Paul M.; Wormser, Gary P. (November 2014).
3000:
2406:
Conn's Current Therapy 2013: Expert Consult: Online
2301:"State official subpoenas infectious disease group"
2273:
1338:, have stated there is no convincing evidence that
3521:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3473:
3471:
3410:
3003:"Neoplasms Misdiagnosed as "Chronic Lyme Disease""
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1349:International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society
3456:Wormser, Gary; Shapiro, Eugene (11 August 2013).
2115:
2113:
2111:
1759:
4295:
4281:"Skeptoid #718: Diagnosing Chronic Lyme Disease"
3658:
3458:"The 'Chronic Lyme Disease' Label Isn't Helpful"
3362:
3360:
3055:Marzec, Natalie S.; et al. (16 June 2017).
2707:
2276:Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care
1634:List of diagnoses characterized as pseudoscience
1609:Under Our Skin: The Untold Story of Lyme Disease
3919:"Cuomo signs bill safeguarding Lyme treatments"
3512:
3478:Lantos, Paul M; et al. (23 January 2021).
3468:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
2913:
2676:
2633:
2502:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2009:
1591:Associated Diseases Society. A 2007 article in
4211:. June 17, 2008. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
4030:
4028:
3575:, "Reinfection versus Relapse in Lyme Disease"
3455:
3126:
3124:
2806:
2587:"The role of infections in autoimmune disease"
2584:
2431:"Ten Facts You Should Know About Lyme Disease"
2320:
2108:
1655:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3758:
3628:
3357:
3213:
2402:
2292:
2278:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 310–11.
1713:
1534:on future decisions by medical associations.
1243:
1157:
4161:
4086:
3752:
3661:"Lyme treatment accord ends antitrust probe"
3525:
3282:
3200:
3050:
3048:
3046:
2540:Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations
2403:Bope, Edward T.; Kellerman, Rick D. (2012).
2361:
2162:
1766:Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1554:
1326:Major US medical authorities, including the
4167:
4025:
3787:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3121:
3104:
3102:
3061:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
2627:
2333:
2246:
1542:Legal mandates to cover unproven treatments
1527:Journal of the American Medical Association
4245:
4214:
4080:
3916:
3875:
3682:
3294:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3158:
3156:
2533:
2460:Cameron D; Johnson LB; Maloney EL (2014).
2321:Zemel L, Auwaerter PG (13 December 2019).
2223:
2221:
2219:
2086:
1920:
1918:
1651:
1649:
1569:, chief of immunology and rheumatology at
1363:symptoms and those with other conditions.
1164:
1150:
233:Association for Research and Enlightenment
4196:
4136:
3723:
3706:
3654:
3652:
3624:
3622:
3495:
3239:
3082:
3072:
3043:
3018:
2994:
2890:
2830:
2813:Zomer, T.P.; et al. (January 2019).
2789:
2733:
2659:
2610:
2561:
2551:
2485:
2409:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 151.
2379:
2274:Mason DJ, Leavitt JK, Chaffee MW (2014).
2191:
2137:
2069:
2022:
1890:
1835:
1690:
1673:
4118:
3688:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3333:
3317:Lyme disease: an evidence-based approach
3265:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3099:
2916:Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2578:
2508:
2423:
2092:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1588:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
4275:
4089:"Stalking Dr. Steere Over Lyme Disease"
3423:
3344:
3314:
3269:
3153:
3130:
2853:
2847:
2763:
2701:
2585:Ercolini AM, Miller SD (January 2009).
2527:
2466:Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy
2252:
2216:
1915:
1871:
1646:
1578:, Steere was assigned security guards.
1267:lyme disease has been accused of being
1183:) is the name used by some people with
14:
4296:
4220:
4112:
3888:
3846:
3821:
3816:Infectious Diseases Society of America
3796:"No changes to Lyme disease treatment"
3793:
3735:Infectious Diseases Society of America
3649:
3619:
2515:Infectious Diseases Society of America
2435:Infectious Diseases Society of America
2355:
2298:
2043:
1466:Infectious Diseases Society of America
1402:
1328:Infectious Diseases Society of America
4246:Gleiberman, Owen (20 November 2009).
4001:
3567:
3565:
3444:
3426:"Jarisch-Herxheimer and Lyme disease"
3256:
2950:
2866:
2750:
2453:
2316:
2314:
2267:
2037:
1860:
1817:
1351:(ILADS) says that the persistence of
2710:"Chronic Lyme Disease: An appraisal"
2634:Wormser GP, Schwartz I (July 2009).
2362:Cairns V, Godwin J (December 2005).
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1924:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1450:
1197:post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome
1187:, such as fatigue, muscle pain, and
36:Post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome
3424:Novella, Steven (25 October 2017).
3108:
2854:Boodman, Sandra (16 October 2021).
2819:Clinical Microbiology and Infection
2511:"Lyme Disease Review Panel Hearing"
2255:"Legislative Alchemy 2014 (so far)"
1594:The New England Journal of Medicine
1459:The New England Journal of Medicine
24:
4182:10.1097/01.inf.0000145411.57449.f3
3798:. Associated Press. Archived from
3562:
2907:
2311:
2193:10.1212/01.wnl.0000265517.66976.28
2023:McSweegan, Edward (28 June 2017).
25:
4330:
4269:
3858:Rhode Island Department of Health
1967:MĂ©decine et Maladies Infectieuses
1942:
1748:
1656:Auwaerter, PG; Melia, MT (2012).
303:Chiropractic treatment techniques
3979:"Iowa Code 2021, Section 147.56"
3220:The American Journal of Medicine
2603:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03834.x
1488:Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
1106:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
108:
4239:
4203:"Film Focuses on Lyme Patients"
4121:"Lyme disease: uphill struggle"
4058:"Chapter 700c Health Insurance"
4050:
3995:
3971:
3938:
3917:John Ferro (18 December 2014).
3910:
3659:Landers, Susan J (2008-06-09).
3584:
3579:New England Journal of Medicine
3020:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.5426
2396:
1493:
142:Alternative veterinary medicine
4221:Holden, Stephen (2009-06-19).
4002:Brown, Steve (1 August 2016).
3889:Rathke, Lisa (July 12, 2014).
3794:Singer, Stephen (2010-04-22).
2708:Marques, Adriana (June 2008).
2437:. May 10, 2011. Archived from
1811:
765:Water fluoridation controversy
721:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
13:
1:
4038:. webserver.rilin.state.ri.us
3270:Fischer, Molly (2019-07-24).
3131:Fischer, Molly (2019-07-24).
3109:Sun, Lena (26 October 2021).
1818:Baker, P. J. (14 July 2010).
1639:
1474:National Institutes of Health
1470:American Academy of Neurology
1336:National Institutes of Health
1332:American Academy of Neurology
1136:Wilson's temperature syndrome
1121:Multiple chemical sensitivity
248:Biological terrain assessment
3833:Connecticut General Assembly
3737:. 2008-05-01. Archived from
3629:Whelan, David (2007-03-12).
3484:Clinical Infectious Diseases
3345:Foley K (January 18, 2015).
3232:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.05.036
3178:10.1016/j.revmed.2018.04.002
3166:La Revue de MĂ©decine Interne
2972:10.1016/j.jbspin.2018.12.011
2892:10.1016/j.medmal.2020.10.018
2478:10.1586/14787210.2014.940900
2341:"Post Lyme Disease Syndrome"
2299:Warner, Susan (2007-02-07).
2253:Bellamy, Jann (2014-05-15).
2050:Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am.
1979:10.1016/j.medmal.2019.01.008
1504:Connecticut Attorney General
7:
4094:The New York Times Magazine
4087:Grann, David (2001-06-17).
2928:10.1016/j.msard.2019.06.001
2782:10.1136/bmj.39363.530961.AD
2343:. Cdc.gov. February 7, 2013
1668:: 79–89, discussion 89-90.
1627:
1562:The New York Times Magazine
1441:Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction
1382:
1221:alternative health products
797:Alternative medical systems
426:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
192:Fringe medicine and science
10:
4335:
4119:Abbott A (February 2006).
3854:"Lyme Disease and the Law"
3689:Klein JO (November 2008).
2509:Phillips, S (2006-07-30).
1778:10.1007/s12016-021-08906-w
1606:The 2008 documentary film
1244:Description and background
807:Biologically based therapy
367:Dental amalgam controversy
29:
2832:10.1016/j.cmi.2018.09.016
2764:Tonks A (November 2007).
2726:10.1016/j.idc.2007.12.011
2062:10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.006
1555:Harassment of researchers
431:Facilitated communication
77:
67:
55:
48:
43:
3924:The Poughkeepsie Journal
3432:. Science-based Medicine
3430:sciencebasedmedicine.org
3347:"Diagnosis or Delusion?"
2714:Infect Dis Clin North Am
1581:
1281:chronic fatigue syndrome
1214:chronic fatigue syndrome
1096:Candida hypersensitivity
278:Fake COVID-19 treatments
92:This article is part of
30:Not to be confused with
18:Lyme disease controversy
2879:Infectious Diseases Now
2044:Lantos PM (June 2015).
770:COVID-19 misinformation
698:Young blood transfusion
578:Orthomolecular medicine
543:Mind–body interventions
213:Anthroposophic medicine
153:Rise of modern medicine
50:Pseudomedical diagnosis
3896:The Providence Journal
3860:. 2009. Archived from
3773:10.1001/jama.301.6.665
3605:10.1001/jama.2017.8897
3074:10.15585/mmwr.mm6623a3
3007:JAMA Internal Medicine
2553:10.1186/1742-5573-3-12
2260:Science Based Medicine
2229:"Chronic Lyme Disease"
2046:"Chronic Lyme disease"
1935:Science Based Medicine
1872:Wolfe F (April 2009).
1625:
1604:
802:Mind–body intervention
753:MMR vaccine and autism
743:Vaccine misinformation
638:Rapid prompting method
4309:Alternative diagnoses
4304:Medical controversies
3956:Maine Sunday Telegram
3952:Portland Press Herald
3665:American Medical News
1892:10.3899/jrheum.081180
1620:
1599:
1512:conflicts of interest
1373:Staphylococcus aureus
1257:peripheral neuropathy
1189:cognitive dysfunction
1185:non-specific symptoms
1131:Vertebral subluxation
1080:Alternative diagnoses
668:Thought Field Therapy
308:Vertebral subluxation
4252:Entertainment Weekly
4170:Pediatr Infect Dis J
4010:. Morning Edition –
3497:10.1093/cid/ciaa1215
2652:10.1128/CMR.00004-09
2640:Clin. Microbiol. Rev
1837:10.1096/fj.10-167247
1734:10.1056/NEJMra072023
1615:Entertainment Weekly
1571:Tufts Medical Center
1481:unexplained symptoms
1249:Chronic Lyme disease
1177:Chronic Lyme disease
1101:Chronic Lyme disease
830:Traditional medicine
812:Manipulative methods
613:Postural Integration
476:Bach flower remedies
352:Craniosacral therapy
180:Therapeutic nihilism
125:Alternative medicine
102:Alternative medicine
44:Chronic Lyme disease
4208:The Washington Post
3540:10.1038/nm1108-1135
2534:Cameron DJ (2006).
2235:. November 21, 2018
1874:"Fibromyalgia wars"
1618:wrote of the film:
1403:Discredited beliefs
1301:autoimmune reaction
748:Vaccines and autism
738:Anti-vaccinationism
731:OPV AIDS hypothesis
533:Megavitamin therapy
446:Functional medicine
223:Applied kinesiology
119:General information
4279:(March 10, 2020).
4227:The New York Times
4068:on 10 October 2015
3462:The New York Times
3388:10.5070/D327854682
3290:"Lyme disease FAQ"
2591:Clin. Exp. Immunol
2381:10.1093/ije/dyi129
2327:Connecticut Mirror
1500:Richard Blumenthal
1116:Leaky gut syndrome
1091:Aerotoxic syndrome
1028:Prophetic medicine
726:HIV/AIDS denialism
553:Myofascial release
461:Holistic dentistry
441:Feldenkrais Method
421:Estrogen dominance
347:Conversion therapy
3818:. April 22, 2010.
3733:(Press release).
3695:Clin. Infect. Dis
3376:Dermatol Online J
3226:(11): 1105–1110.
2694:978-0-443-06839-3
2126:Clin. Infect. Dis
1824:The FASEB Journal
1451:Political actions
1393:invisible illness
1261:encephalomyelitis
1174:
1173:
901:Chinese herbology
658:Scientific racism
623:Psychodermatology
528:Medical intuitive
508:Lightning Process
466:Hologram bracelet
414:Therapeutic touch
315:Christian Science
288:Cancer treatments
87:
86:
16:(Redirected from
4326:
4290:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4218:
4212:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4176:(12): 11050–58.
4165:
4159:
4158:
4140:
4131:(7076): 524–25.
4116:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4101:on 2 August 2009
4097:. Archived from
4084:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4064:. Archived from
4054:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4032:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3983:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3886:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3825:
3819:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3802:on June 4, 2015.
3791:
3785:
3784:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3710:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3667:. Archived from
3656:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3626:
3617:
3616:
3599:(4): 324. 2017.
3588:
3582:
3569:
3560:
3559:
3523:
3510:
3509:
3499:
3475:
3466:
3465:
3453:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3421:
3408:
3407:
3373:
3364:
3355:
3354:
3342:
3331:
3330:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3267:
3254:
3253:
3243:
3211:
3198:
3197:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3128:
3119:
3118:
3106:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3076:
3052:
3041:
3040:
3022:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2960:Joint Bone Spine
2954:
2948:
2947:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2894:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2834:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2776:(7626): 910–12.
2761:
2748:
2747:
2737:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2663:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2614:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2555:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2489:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2383:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2318:
2309:
2308:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2225:
2214:
2213:
2195:
2171:
2160:
2159:
2141:
2132:(9): 1089–1134.
2117:
2106:
2105:
2094:Salzberg, Steven
2090:
2084:
2083:
2073:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2020:
2007:
2006:
1964:
1955:
1940:
1939:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1894:
1869:
1858:
1857:
1839:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1757:
1746:
1745:
1715:
1688:
1687:
1677:
1653:
1586:A 2004 study in
1375:and intractable
1320:pharmacokinetics
1316:pharmacodynamics
1233:standard of care
1166:
1159:
1152:
916:Gill plate trade
678:Vaginal steaming
325:Colloidal silver
293:Charcoal cleanse
112:
89:
88:
41:
40:
32:Neuroborreliosis
21:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4294:
4293:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4256:
4254:
4244:
4240:
4231:
4229:
4219:
4215:
4201:
4197:
4166:
4162:
4138:10.1038/439524a
4117:
4113:
4104:
4102:
4085:
4081:
4071:
4069:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4041:
4039:
4034:
4033:
4026:
4016:
4014:
4000:
3996:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3929:
3927:
3915:
3911:
3901:
3899:
3887:
3876:
3867:
3865:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3838:
3836:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3811:
3807:
3792:
3788:
3757:
3753:
3744:
3742:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3687:
3683:
3674:
3672:
3671:on 11 June 2008
3657:
3650:
3641:
3639:
3627:
3620:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3570:
3563:
3534:(11): 1135–39.
3524:
3513:
3476:
3469:
3454:
3445:
3435:
3433:
3422:
3411:
3371:
3365:
3358:
3343:
3334:
3327:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3268:
3257:
3212:
3201:
3172:(12): 912–917.
3161:
3154:
3141:
3139:
3129:
3122:
3115:Washington Post
3107:
3100:
3067:(23): 607–609.
3053:
3044:
2999:
2995:
2955:
2951:
2912:
2908:
2871:
2867:
2860:Washington Post
2852:
2848:
2811:
2807:
2762:
2751:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2681:
2677:
2632:
2628:
2583:
2579:
2532:
2528:
2519:
2517:
2507:
2503:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2441:on May 29, 2013
2429:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2401:
2397:
2368:Int J Epidemiol
2360:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2319:
2312:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2272:
2268:
2251:
2247:
2238:
2236:
2227:
2226:
2217:
2172:
2163:
2118:
2109:
2091:
2087:
2042:
2038:
2021:
2010:
1962:
1956:
1943:
1923:
1916:
1870:
1861:
1830:(11): 4175–77.
1816:
1812:
1758:
1749:
1728:(14): 1422–30.
1716:
1691:
1654:
1647:
1642:
1630:
1584:
1557:
1544:
1532:chilling effect
1496:
1472:, CDC, and the
1453:
1416:. Others, like
1405:
1395:and to provide
1389:social identity
1385:
1369:immunoglobulins
1246:
1170:
1141:
1140:
1086:Adrenal fatigue
1081:
1073:
1072:
847:Southern Africa
832:
822:
821:
792:
790:Classifications
782:
781:
758:in chiropractic
716:
708:
707:
628:Quantum healing
618:Psychic surgery
493:Ionized jewelry
456:Herbal medicine
404:Esoteric energy
394:Energy medicine
362:Cupping therapy
357:Crystal healing
330:Colon cleansing
268:Bowen technique
238:Auriculotherapy
193:
185:
184:
120:
69:Treatment risks
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4332:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4292:
4291:
4277:Dunning, Brian
4271:
4270:External links
4268:
4265:
4264:
4238:
4213:
4195:
4160:
4111:
4079:
4049:
4024:
3994:
3970:
3937:
3909:
3874:
3864:on May 2, 2005
3845:
3820:
3805:
3786:
3751:
3722:
3708:10.1086/592247
3701:(9): 1197–99.
3681:
3648:
3618:
3583:
3573:Correspondence
3561:
3511:
3467:
3443:
3409:
3356:
3332:
3326:978-1786392077
3325:
3307:
3296:. 13 June 2022
3281:
3255:
3199:
3152:
3120:
3098:
3042:
3013:(1): 132–133.
2993:
2966:(5): 650–651.
2949:
2906:
2885:(3): 300–303.
2865:
2846:
2805:
2749:
2700:
2693:
2675:
2626:
2577:
2526:
2501:
2472:(9): 1103–35.
2452:
2422:
2416:978-1455733347
2415:
2395:
2374:(6): 1340–45.
2354:
2332:
2310:
2291:
2285:978-0323316064
2284:
2266:
2245:
2215:
2161:
2139:10.1086/508667
2107:
2096:(2016-04-04).
2085:
2036:
2008:
1941:
1928:(2013-09-03).
1914:
1859:
1810:
1772:(1): 264–271.
1747:
1689:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1626:
1583:
1580:
1565:reported that
1556:
1553:
1543:
1540:
1495:
1492:
1452:
1449:
1404:
1401:
1397:social support
1384:
1381:
1353:B. burgdorferi
1345:pressure group
1312:B. burgdorferi
1245:
1242:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
959:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
936:Pressure point
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
867:
866:
861:
851:
850:
849:
844:
833:
828:
827:
824:
823:
820:
819:
817:Energy therapy
814:
809:
804:
799:
793:
788:
787:
784:
783:
780:
779:
778:
777:
767:
762:
761:
760:
755:
750:
745:
735:
734:
733:
723:
717:
714:
713:
710:
709:
706:
705:
703:Zero balancing
700:
695:
690:
688:Vision therapy
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
603:Parapsychology
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
523:Manual therapy
520:
518:Magnet therapy
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
479:
478:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
417:
416:
411:
406:
401:
391:
386:
381:
380:
379:
372:Detoxification
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
338:
337:
327:
322:
317:
312:
311:
310:
305:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
177:
176:
175:
165:
160:
155:
150:
149:(health fraud)
144:
139:
138:
137:
132:
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:
105:
104:
98:
97:
85:
84:
81:
75:
74:
71:
65:
64:
59:
53:
52:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4331:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4253:
4249:
4242:
4228:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4164:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4115:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4083:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4037:
4036:"Chapter 113"
4031:
4029:
4013:
4009:
4005:
3998:
3980:
3974:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3913:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3817:
3814:
3809:
3801:
3797:
3790:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3767:(6): 665–67.
3766:
3762:
3755:
3741:on 2018-01-19
3740:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3685:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3655:
3653:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3625:
3623:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3576:
3574:
3568:
3566:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3490:(1): e1–e48.
3489:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3472:
3463:
3459:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3431:
3427:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3361:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3328:
3322:
3318:
3311:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3168:(in French).
3167:
3159:
3157:
3149:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3125:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3103:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2720:(2): 341–60.
2719:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2646:(3): 387–95.
2645:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2418:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2342:
2336:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2315:
2306:
2305:The Scientist
2302:
2295:
2287:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2249:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2186:(1): 91–102.
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2056:(2): 325–40.
2055:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1973:(2): 157–66.
1972:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1926:Hall, Harriet
1921:
1919:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1885:(4): 679–83.
1884:
1881:
1880:
1879:J. Rheumatol.
1875:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1576:death threats
1572:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1552:
1548:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
973:Faith healing
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
881:Bush medicine
879:
877:
874:
872:
871:Balneotherapy
869:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
855:
852:
848:
845:
843:
840:
839:
838:
835:
834:
831:
826:
825:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
794:
791:
786:
785:
776:
773:
772:
771:
768:
766:
763:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
739:
736:
732:
729:
728:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
715:Controversies
712:
711:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
683:Vegetotherapy
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
598:Ozone therapy
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
513:Lymphotherapy
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
477:
474:
473:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
451:Hair analysis
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
436:FasciaBlaster
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
399:Correactology
397:
396:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
378:
375:
374:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
342:Colorpuncture
340:
336:
333:
332:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
320:Chromotherapy
318:
316:
313:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
208:Alkaline diet
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
189:
188:
181:
178:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
158:Pseudoscience
156:
154:
151:
148:
145:
143:
140:
136:
133:
131:
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
116:
115:
111:
107:
106:
103:
100:
99:
95:
91:
90:
82:
80:
76:
72:
70:
66:
63:
60:
58:
54:
51:
47:
42:
37:
33:
19:
4319:Health fraud
4314:Lyme disease
4284:
4255:. Retrieved
4251:
4241:
4230:. Retrieved
4226:
4223:"Ticked Off"
4216:
4206:
4198:
4173:
4169:
4163:
4128:
4124:
4114:
4103:. Retrieved
4099:the original
4092:
4082:
4070:. Retrieved
4066:the original
4061:
4052:
4042:24 September
4040:. Retrieved
4017:24 September
4015:. Retrieved
4007:
3997:
3985:. Retrieved
3973:
3961:. Retrieved
3959:. 2015-06-29
3949:
3940:
3928:. Retrieved
3922:
3912:
3900:. Retrieved
3894:
3866:. Retrieved
3862:the original
3857:
3848:
3837:. Retrieved
3835:. 2009-06-18
3832:
3823:
3808:
3800:the original
3789:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3743:. Retrieved
3739:the original
3725:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3673:. Retrieved
3669:the original
3664:
3640:. Retrieved
3634:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3578:
3572:
3531:
3527:
3487:
3483:
3461:
3434:. Retrieved
3429:
3379:
3375:
3351:The Atlantic
3350:
3316:
3310:
3298:. Retrieved
3293:
3284:
3275:
3223:
3219:
3169:
3165:
3146:
3140:. Retrieved
3136:
3114:
3064:
3060:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2859:
2849:
2825:(1): 67–70.
2822:
2818:
2808:
2773:
2769:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2684:
2678:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2518:. Retrieved
2504:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2443:. Retrieved
2439:the original
2425:
2405:
2398:
2371:
2367:
2357:
2345:. Retrieved
2335:
2326:
2304:
2294:
2275:
2269:
2258:
2248:
2237:. Retrieved
2183:
2179:
2129:
2125:
2101:
2088:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2028:
1970:
1966:
1933:
1882:
1877:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1805:
1769:
1765:
1725:
1719:
1665:
1661:
1621:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1567:Allen Steere
1560:
1558:
1549:
1545:
1536:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1506:, opened an
1497:
1494:IDSA lawsuit
1485:
1478:
1468:(IDSA), the
1457:
1454:
1445:
1437:
1433:The Atlantic
1432:
1426:
1406:
1386:
1377:C. difficile
1365:
1360:Harriet Hall
1357:
1352:
1339:
1325:
1311:
1305:
1294:
1288:
1284:
1277:fibromyalgia
1273:
1269:health fraud
1264:
1248:
1247:
1238:health fraud
1229:
1219:A number of
1218:
1210:fibromyalgia
1207:
1200:
1193:Lyme disease
1180:
1176:
1175:
1100:
1053:Thai massage
1023:Naftalan oil
896:Blood stasis
775:Turbo cancer
663:ThetaHealing
588:Osteomyology
488:Hypnotherapy
483:Hydrotherapy
389:Ear candling
384:Dry needling
335:Coffee enema
298:Chiropractic
263:Bone-setting
243:Bates method
228:Aromatherapy
4257:19 December
3987:14 December
2922:: 158–161.
2766:"Lyme wars"
2597:(1): 1–15.
1347:called the
1013:Mien Shiang
931:Moxibustion
643:Reflexology
568:Oil pulling
563:Naturopathy
503:Jilly Juice
283:Camel urine
253:Black salve
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198:Acupressure
163:Antiscience
135:Terminology
4298:Categories
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4105:2008-06-25
3868:2009-07-05
3839:2019-12-05
3745:2017-05-19
3675:2008-06-24
3642:2008-06-24
3631:"Lyme Inc"
3142:2019-07-30
2520:2010-12-09
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