1060:
889:
761:
998:
1203:. The letter came in response to the proposed inclusion of mātauranga Māori in the school curriculum on equal terms with "other bodies of knowledge", with the authors arguing that mātauranga Māori "falls far short of what can be defined as science itself", and disputing "the notion that science is a Western European invention and itself evidence of European dominance over Māori and other indigenous peoples." The Letter sparked a controversy and calls for expulsions from the
384:
969:
tropics, but in the cool conditions of New
Zealand, the tubers will spoil if left in cold soil over winter and spring. A wide range of techniques were developed to ensure reliable production, including careful choice of growing locations, drainage, the application of mulch and other materials to increase soil temperatures, the construction of walls to shelter the crop from the wind, and the lifting and careful storage of tubers during winter.
32:
639:, which made tohunga practices illegal and punishable by fines or imprisonment. The Tohunga Suppression Act was finally repealed in 1962 under the Māori Community Development Act. Although it caused in part the erasure of Māori knowledge and science, the legislation failed at large. The New Zealand Government's intent was to inhibit traditional practices, yet some Māori people remained faithful to tohunga.
909:
The earth mother Papatūānuku and land (Whenua) is also the name for a placenta. Genealogies are often used to show the connection between natural phenomena. As example
Parawhenuamea (the personification of water) married her brother Putoto. Their son Rakahore married Hinekuku (the clay maiden), their
781:
There are two general types of distance measurement in mātauranga Māori, those based on the human body and those based on measuring stick or rope. The human based measurement system included many different units, such as 'maro' which was the span of the arms outstretched horizontally. It is suspected
1116:
due to agriculture. The models favoured by academics today describe precolonial Māori as accessing resources based on ease of access and energy return. This would have involved moving from one location or food source to another when the original one had become less rewarding. Historically, academic
968:
km further south than kūmara had been grown anywhere else in the world. The variety grown by Māori prior to the 19th century had a white skin and whitish flesh, unlike today's purple or orange-skinned varieties. The pre-European varieties grown by Māori can be left in the ground year-round in the
1153:
Under colonisation Māori people, and women in particular, were treated as subjects rather than as creators of scientific knowledge, a treatment which continues to affect the sociological context of Māori women in science to this day. Notable women in the field of traditional Māori science include
1107:
show that New
Zealand's natural environment changed significantly during the period of precolonial Māori occupation. This has led some academics to question the effectiveness of Māori traditional knowledge in managing the environment. The environmental changes are similar to those following human
789:
The measuring-rod (rauru) was a way of preserving a particular human dimension. Some rauru were passed down through the generations as sacred objects and recorded the dimensions of import ancestors. Ropes were also used in measurement, particularly in the construction of building's floor plans.
655:(te reo Māori ) are considered key overarching concepts. Whakapapa represents the connection between the natural and human world due to its common origin. It is commonly believed that mātauranga can be best understood in its own language and is the only way to preserve mātauranga in the future.
959:
growing in many parts of New
Zealand. According to Māori oral history, kūmara were not on board the original canoes that settled New Zealand, but were introduced following multiple return voyages into the Pacific. Kūmara were traditionally grown as far south as
782:
that these systems were only of local use due to variation between people. The 'kumi' was the length of ten 'maro', this is the only recorded multiplier in mātauranga. Our evidence of the human-based system is highly reliant on the anthropologist
617:
When mātauranga was recorded by anthropologists, the process was hampered by their preconceptions. It was common practice to try to synthesis the geographic variation in mātauranga, leading to the creation of a single Māori oral history (e.g. the
1082:
Traditional Māori science had major impacts on pre-colonial New
Zealand. For example, Wahakaotirangi's innovations in agriculture ensured the formation and survival of the Tainui people. This influence persists, and is seen in such cases as the
940:
Soil maintenance and modification was common for horticulture. This included adding gravel or sand for drainage and seaweed for fertilizer. Mātauranga concern for soil is also shown by there being more than 33 known names for different kinds.
605:
Mātauranga was traditionally preserved through spoken language, including songs, supplemented carving weaving, and painting, including tattoos. Since colonisation, mātauranga has been preserved and shared through writing, first by non-Māori
989:
region. When in
Waikato, Wahakaotirangi built gardens in which she experimented with growing edible and medicinal plants, in particular studying how to make the kumara grow in its cooler climate. This was an essential innovation for the
517:
lore, entirely superseded by modern science. In the 21st century, mātauranga is often used by academics and government institutions when addressing particular environmental problems, with institutions or organisations partnering with
1133:
After the Māori
Renaissance, Māori academics campaigned for the creation of independent Māori Studies departments. There was a general sentiment that Māori mātauranga should be studied by Māori people, particularly in the fields of
541:
Kaupapa Māori is the foundation or principles of Māori thought. It is the governing principles from which mātauranga was created. The exact relationship of the two domains is not set; however, they are distinct concepts.
2558:
Tūhoe, the children of the mist : a sketch of the origin, history, myths, and beliefs of the Tūhoe tribe of the Māori of New
Zealand; with some account of other early tribes of the Bay of Plenty district
2528:
Forest lore of the Māori : with methods of snaring, trapping, and preserving birds and rats, uses of berries, roots, fern-root, and forest products, with mythological notes on origins, karakia used
877:
to measure time. The Moon's phases are used to define the main subdivision of the year (maramataka). The timing of the New Year varied regionally across New
Zealand, but was often based around the
885:
after the appearance of
Matariki as the start of the new year. The different lunar cycles of the year and the four recognised seasons were used to plan agriculture and activities, such as fishing.
1087:’s Biodiversity Strategy, which states that by 2020, “traditional Māori knowledge, or mātauranga Māori, about biodiversity is respected and preserved and informs biodiversity management”.
1162:, the first female Māori doctor in New Zealand. The Royal Society Te Apārangi also identifies 150 women and their notable contributions to New Zealand in the field of science.
1013:
1979:
1622:
1530:
Rolleston, Anna K.; Bowen, Judy; Hinze, Annika; Korohina, Erina; Matamua, Rangi (2021). "Collaboration in research: weaving Kaupapa Māori and computer science".
994:
people of Waikato, as it provided them a reliable and sustainable source of food. Wahakaotirangi was also a part of the invention and launch of the Tainui canoe.
937:
sedimentary rock (Pakohe) were mostly sourced from rivers and the sea shore. However, throughout the mountains of the South Island outcrops were also quarried.
2385:
2083:
2408:
2156:
Lawrence, Scott A.; Burgess, Elaine J.; Pairama, Chris; Black, Amanda; Patrick, Wayne M.; Mitchell, Ian; Perry, Nigel B.; Gerth, Monica L. (19 August 2019).
2056:
1858:
2287:
2142:
2105:
1122:
2752:
2708:
2665:
2517:
1918:
1410:
2120:
2158:"Mātauranga-guided screening of New Zealand native plants reveals flavonoids from kānuka (Kunzea robusta) with anti-Phytophthora activity"
2431:
950:
412:
1316:"Indigenous Māori Values, Perspectives, and Knowledge of Soils in Aotearoa- New Zealand: Ma¯ori Use and Knowledge of Soils over Time"
535:
233:
1358:
260:
509:
Mātauranga Māori has only recently gained recognition in the scientific community for including some knowledge consistent with the
1071:
Most traditional Māori science is now focused on a particular practical problem with science-based organisations partnering with
1266:
1172:
1084:
2684:
2641:
2593:
2537:
2493:
1894:
1335:
1075:, typically with government funding. Outputs include traditional scientific publications, as well as concrete benefits for
1950:
647:
As mātauranga stresses the connection of all knowledge, there is no single system for its division into sub-disciplines.
981:, whose name translates to "completion from the sky". As one of New Zealand's first scientists, Wahakaotirangi brought
1557:
2612:
2566:
2030:
1716:
1143:
1042:. Kahupeka's experiments helped the Māori people towards properly utilising hundreds of different medicinal plants.
220:
2757:
1505:
74:
1833:
1480:
405:
2737:
2358:
1246:
1207:, ending with Cooper and Elliffe resigning from the society in protest. The authors were later supported by
156:
1204:
636:
270:
2630:
Reilly, Michael; Leoni, Gianna; Carter, Lyn; Duncan, Suzanne; Paterson, Lachy; Ratima, Matiu Tai (2018).
1782:
1256:
631:. Tohunga were often the only source of medicinal knowledge and education in Māori culture. In 1907, the
1595:
1458:
1100:
1079:. Some examples include the geothermal toxicity in food and identifying novel antimicrobial compounds.
1004:
fruit can cause paralysis when eaten. To avoid this Māori would cook them and then soak them in water.
2457:
1108:
occupation in other parts of the world, including deforestation (approximately 50%), the loss of the
1031:
922:
456:
359:
151:
2747:
2722:
1285:
1236:
619:
398:
305:
280:
275:
79:
54:
622:) and culture. These anthropologists informants were also sometimes paid per page for information.
2262:
1417:
850:
Width of two hands (fingers closed) plus length of thumbs (outstretched with their tips touching)
2742:
1059:
2310:
126:
888:
632:
531:
503:
2237:
893:
203:
2605:
The Quest for Origins - Who First Discovered and Settled New Zealand and the Pacific Islands?
2005:
1147:
1051:
1039:
494:, beginning in the early 19th century, much mātauranga has been lost or highly influenced by
491:
487:
436:
49:
1142:. The history of traditional Māori scientific advancements is taught at a tertiary level at
1008:
isolated the poisonous compound, which was shown to be destroyed at temperatures over 100°C.
369:
265:
2586:
Pathway of the Birds: The Voyaging Achievements of the Maori and Their Polynesian Ancestors
1167:
1117:
models on precolonial environmental stewardship have been closely tied to the idea of the '
460:
499:
198:
8:
1159:
448:
228:
285:
2702:
2659:
2511:
2386:"University academics' claim that mātauranga Māori is 'not science' sparks controversy"
2340:
1912:
1668:
1664:
1378:
1104:
956:
475:
388:
208:
64:
760:
121:
2690:
2680:
2647:
2637:
2618:
2608:
2589:
2572:
2562:
2543:
2533:
2499:
2489:
2344:
2189:
2136:
2099:
1900:
1890:
1747:
Callaghan Innovation Report No. 0734: Measurement Standards Laboratory of New Zealand
1722:
1712:
1382:
1331:
1188:
1155:
513:; it was previously perceived by scientific institutions and researchers as entirely
510:
858:
Span of outspread fingers from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the little finger
652:
530:
Mātauranga Māori as a phrase became popular in the 1980s after being adopted by the
252:
214:
180:
136:
2330:
2322:
2179:
2169:
1660:
1539:
1370:
1323:
1251:
1180:
1113:
69:
2409:"Controversial 'Listener letter' deemed not worthy of Royal Society investigation"
2174:
2157:
1374:
1215:, while being simultaneously confused by the doctrine that all life throbs with a
464:
161:
101:
93:
41:
1208:
1176:
961:
498:
and by other aspects of foreign culture. From the 1960s, mātauranga has achieved
1808:
910:
children were Tuamatua (guardian of rocks found on the sea shore) and Whatuaho (
440:
131:
22:
1192:
1125:
being responsible for different aspects of New Zealand's archeological record.
1035:
607:
452:
332:
2651:
2326:
2288:"SCIM101 – Course Information System – University of Canterbury – New Zealand"
2057:"Traditional Māori medicine helps kauri health, long-term monitoring suggests"
1904:
1543:
1241:
538:
process, which included requests for the protection of traditional knowledge.
486:. Mātauranga covers the entire time-period since then. Therefore, it includes
116:
2731:
2694:
2547:
2503:
2193:
1261:
1064:
1001:
997:
978:
764:
238:
193:
188:
2622:
2576:
1726:
146:
2631:
1884:
1220:
1184:
1135:
1118:
1023:
1005:
982:
955:
By the time that European settlers arrived, Māori had large plantations of
934:
514:
495:
483:
2674:
2526:
2483:
1022:. Following her husband's death and her own illness, she journeyed across
2676:
The face of nature : an environmental history of the Otago Peninsula
2556:
1706:
1196:
1139:
783:
444:
364:
59:
1672:
1648:
2335:
2184:
2118:
1406:
1315:
1224:
1200:
611:
106:
1686:
1602:. New Zealand Parliamentary Counsel Office (Te Tari Tohutohu Pāremata)
1327:
896:(Te Paki o Matariki), which includes a depiction of the constellation
2311:"Brown Bodies, White Coats: Postcolonialism, Maori women and science"
1211:, who argued "New Zealand children will be taught the true wonder of
1109:
1056:
Mātauranga has a strong influence on the thought of most Māori today.
911:
648:
534:
and in tertiary education. The term became useful in part due to the
431:
166:
111:
709:
338:
1216:
1027:
1018:
897:
882:
878:
471:
2220:
2218:
455:, and there is considerable overlap between concepts. It includes
2004:
Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu.
1859:"Pakohe–a rock that sustained early Maori society in New Zealand"
1807:
Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu.
986:
930:
627:
479:
467:
and improving the quality of life of the Māori people over time.
2121:"Project Mātauranga, Series 1 Episode 6 | Māori Television"
1760:
Best, Elsdon (January 1918). "The Māori system of measurement".
1649:"Maori Healers in New Zealand: The Tohunga Suppression Act 1907"
478:
islands in the late 13th century CE and developed a distinctive
321:
2485:
Making a new land : environmental histories of New Zealand
2432:"Maori 'ways of knowing' are not science, says Richard Dawkins"
2215:
991:
490:
and other knowledge shared across the Polynesian world. Due to
310:
1745:"Ngā Inenga Māori: A Preliminary Study on Māori Measurement".
625:
Māori society refers to its traditional experts in healing as
2119:
Last aired on Tuesday 18 September 2012 (18 September 2012).
2084:"Risk assessment of contaminants in traditional food sources"
1095:
915:
327:
1459:"Politics and knowledge: Kaupapa Maori and matauranga Maori"
1090:
869:
Mātauranga uses astronomical observations, primarily of the
2155:
2081:
1532:
AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples
1529:
1175:", co-signed by several New Zealander scientists including
926:
874:
2205:
2203:
1359:"Mātauranga Māori—the ūkaipō of knowledge in New Zealand"
1212:
1076:
1072:
870:
519:
470:
The ancestors of the Māori first settled in New Zealand (
315:
2315:
Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education
1128:
1026:
and studied the medicinal uses of native plants such as
951:
Sweet potato cultivation in Polynesia § New Zealand
2633:
Te kōparapara : an introduction to the Māori world
2629:
2200:
1692:
1576:
1562:
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, NZ
892:
Wooden carved door displaying the coat of arms for the
2082:
Published: 6 September 2011 (6 September 2011).
881:(Matariki). Some iwi, for example, used the first
794:Selection of traditional human based measurements
1886:Common ground : garden histories of Aotearoa
2729:
2723:New Zealand Government education on mātauranga.
2481:
2224:
1322:, CRC Press, pp. 292–303, 21 April 2014,
1158:, who wrote a thesis on the Māori people, and
1762:New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology
406:
1457:Royal, Te Ahukaramu Charles (January 2012).
767:carving school used to propagate mātauranga.
2162:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
2141:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2104:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1980:"Maori and Pacific Island Women in Science"
1711:. Auckland, N.Z.: Oxford University Press.
1623:"Māori and Pacific Island women in science"
1363:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
2707:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2664:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2516:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2365:. Royal Society of New Zealand Te Apārangi
2037:. Royal Society of New Zealand Te Apārangi
1957:. Royal Society of New Zealand Te Apārangi
1917:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1463:New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies
1096:Effectiveness of environmental stewardship
743:Cultural heritage (Ha a koro ma a kui ma)
413:
399:
2429:
2334:
2183:
2173:
1091:Politicisation and critique of mātauranga
1063:Mātauranga is being employed in treating
234:Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements
16:Traditional knowledge of the Māori people
2308:
1442:"Mätauranga Mäori and Museum Practice".
1058:
996:
944:
887:
759:
525:
2455:
1708:Whaiora : Maori health development
1481:"Mātauranga Māori | Parenting resource"
1356:
1112:, more general species extinctions and
2730:
2488:(New ed.). Dunedin, New Zealand.
2406:
2383:
1974:
1972:
1882:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1596:"Maori Community Development Act 1962"
1267:Listener letter on science controversy
1085:New Zealand Department of Conservation
2753:Science and technology in New Zealand
2583:
1704:
1646:
1456:
1444:Te Papa National Services te Paerangi
1411:Maori and Science: Three Case Studies
1310:
1308:
1306:
1129:Relationship to institutional science
670:Supporting structures (Nga Pou Mana)
659:Three common Māori well-being models
522:, typically with government funding.
31:
2672:
2602:
2554:
2524:
2482:Pawson, Eric; Brooking, Tom (2013).
2209:
1889:. Dunedin, New Zealand. p. 24.
1759:
1582:
1401:
1399:
904:
692:Cultural heritage (Taonga tuku iho)
2532:. Wellington, N.Z.: Te Papa Press.
2263:"Victoria University of Wellington"
1969:
1768:
1733:
13:
2003:
1826:
1806:
1665:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1989.tb02347.x
1303:
1123:hypothesis of multiple ethnicities
1045:
921:Rocks that had practical utility (
14:
2769:
2716:
2561:(4th ed.). Auckland : Reed.
2458:"Why I'm sticking up for science"
2456:Dawkins, Richard (4 March 2023).
1396:
1278:
1144:Victoria University of Wellington
972:
918:) and Papakura (volcanic rocks).
594:boat building, shipwright skills
546:Examples of mātauranga modifiers
463:, with the purpose of preserving
447:. Māori traditional knowledge is
2430:Tomlinson, Hugh (1 March 2023).
2407:Mayron, Sapeer (13 March 2022).
2006:"Poisonous plants used for food"
1647:Voyce, Malcolm (December 1989).
1620:
664:A strong house (Whare Tapa Wha)
382:
261:Influence on New Zealand English
30:
2449:
2423:
2400:
2377:
2351:
2302:
2280:
2255:
2230:
2149:
2112:
2075:
2049:
2023:
1997:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1876:
1851:
1800:
1753:
1698:
1640:
1614:
1588:
1550:
2238:"Anthropology and archaeology"
1834:"Mātauranga Māori and science"
1523:
1498:
1473:
1450:
1435:
1350:
771:
221:Minister for Māori Development
1:
2384:Dunlop, Māni (28 July 2021).
2175:10.1080/03036758.2019.1648303
1863:scholar.googleusercontent.com
1375:10.1080/03036758.2016.1252407
1272:
964:. This is approximately 1,000
642:
2309:McKinley, Elizabeth (2005).
1405:
1205:Royal Society of New Zealand
1016:, or more commonly known as
7:
1257:Native American ethnobotany
1230:
1171:published a letter titled "
776:
686:Mental health (Hinengaro)
678:Spirituality (Wairuatanga)
435:) is a modern term for the
10:
2774:
2475:
2225:Pawson & Brooking 2013
1247:Māori traditional textiles
1049:
1012:Another notable woman was
948:
718:Land base (Turangawaewae)
703:Environment (Te Ao tūroa)
689:Mental health (Hinengaro)
600:
266:Language immersion schools
2636:. Auckland, New Zealand.
2363:Royal Society Te Apārangi
2327:10.1080/01596300500319761
2035:Royal Society Te Apārangi
1955:Royal Society Te Apārangi
1783:"Early Māori measurement"
1544:10.1177/11771801211043164
1014:Pirongia-te-aroaro-ō-Kahu
681:Family (Whānaunga-tanga)
536:Treaty of Waitangi claims
457:environmental stewardship
271:Māori Language Commission
2679:. Dunedin, New Zealand.
2359:"150 Women in 150 Words"
1809:"Papatūānuku – the land"
1485:www.parentingresource.nz
1416:(Report). Archived from
818:Elbow to the fingertips
715:Family (Whānaungatanga)
502:both in Māori and wider
2673:West, Jonathan (2017).
2607:. Penguin Books Press.
1600:New Zealand Legislation
1121:' and the now-debunked
864:
810:Shoulder to fingertips
752:Emotions (Whatumanawa)
667:The octopus (Te Wheke)
637:Tohunga Suppression Act
2584:Crowe, Andrew (2018).
1237:Māori and conservation
1068:
1009:
977:One notable woman was
901:
768:
725:Uniqueness (Mana ake)
675:Spirituality (Wairua)
633:New Zealand Parliament
532:New Zealand Government
389:New Zealand portal
335:("people of the land")
281:Te Wiki o te Reo Māori
276:Māori language revival
80:Māori protest movement
55:Māori migration canoes
2758:Traditional knowledge
2588:. David Bateman Ltd.
2555:Best, Elsdon (1996).
2525:Best, Elsdon (2005).
2123:. Maoritelevision.com
1883:Morris, Matt (2020).
1705:Durie, Mason (1998).
1173:In Defence of Science
1148:Canterbury University
1062:
1052:Traditional knowledge
1000:
949:Further information:
945:Cultivation of kūmara
891:
879:Pleiades star cluster
834:First joint of thumb
763:
526:Etymology and meaning
492:European colonisation
437:traditional knowledge
50:Polynesian navigation
2738:Academic disciplines
1838:Science Learning Hub
1787:Science Learning Hub
1357:Hikuroa, D. (2017).
1290:Science Learning Hub
461:economic development
2063:. 23 September 2020
1585:, pp. 172–173.
1160:Rina Winifred Moore
795:
660:
547:
504:New Zealand culture
229:Tino rangatiratanga
204:Māori King movement
2388:. Stuff. RNZ.co.nz
2290:. Canterbury.ac.nz
2212:, p. 179-182.
1984:Te Punaha Matatini
1940:Crowe (2018), p189
1931:Crowe (2018), p187
1693:Reilly et al. 2018
1627:Te Punāha Matatini
1506:"Mātauranga Māori"
1320:The Soil Underfoot
1286:"Mātauranga Māori"
1105:quaternary geology
1069:
1010:
902:
842:Width of the hand
793:
769:
700:Physical (Tinana)
697:Physical (Tinana)
658:
578:political science
545:
500:renewed importance
488:oceanic navigation
449:multi-disciplinary
370:List of Māori waka
75:Land confiscations
65:Treaty of Waitangi
2686:978-1-927322-38-3
2643:978-1-86940-867-1
2595:978-1-86953-961-0
2539:978-1-877385-01-8
2495:978-1-927322-55-0
1896:978-1-988592-57-2
1337:978-0-429-18843-5
1328:10.1201/b16856-27
1219:conferred by the
1189:Michael Corballis
1156:Makereti Papakura
905:The natural world
862:
861:
758:
757:
734:Vitality (Mauri)
614:, then by Māori.
598:
597:
511:scientific method
423:
422:
199:Māori electorates
2765:
2712:
2706:
2698:
2669:
2663:
2655:
2626:
2603:Howe, K (2003).
2599:
2580:
2551:
2521:
2515:
2507:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2338:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2234:
2228:
2227:, p. 35-46.
2222:
2213:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2187:
2177:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2140:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1908:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1779:
1766:
1765:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1742:
1731:
1730:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1510:Predator Free NZ
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1422:
1415:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1312:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1282:
1252:Medicinal plants
1181:Kendall Clements
1114:soil degradation
967:
796:
792:
661:
657:
548:
544:
484:knowledge-system
415:
408:
401:
387:
386:
385:
286:Māori Television
142:Mātauranga Māori
70:New Zealand Wars
34:
33:
19:
18:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2728:
2727:
2719:
2700:
2699:
2687:
2657:
2656:
2644:
2615:
2596:
2569:
2540:
2509:
2508:
2496:
2478:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2460:. The Spectator
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2216:
2208:
2201:
2154:
2150:
2134:
2133:
2126:
2124:
2117:
2113:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2087:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1951:"Whakaotirangi"
1949:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1910:
1909:
1897:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1769:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1743:
1734:
1719:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1558:"Māori weaving"
1556:
1555:
1551:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1487:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1423:on 7 March 2022
1420:
1413:
1409:(August 2002).
1404:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1355:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1314:
1313:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1233:
1209:Richard Dawkins
1177:Douglas Elliffe
1131:
1098:
1093:
1054:
1048:
1046:Modern practice
975:
965:
962:Banks Peninsula
953:
947:
907:
867:
779:
774:
645:
608:anthropologists
603:
554:sub-discipline
528:
419:
383:
381:
376:
375:
374:
354:
346:
345:
344:
300:
292:
291:
290:
255:
245:
244:
243:
225:
183:
173:
172:
171:
96:
86:
85:
84:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2771:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2743:Decolonization
2740:
2726:
2725:
2718:
2717:External links
2715:
2714:
2713:
2685:
2670:
2642:
2627:
2613:
2600:
2594:
2581:
2567:
2552:
2538:
2522:
2494:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2448:
2422:
2399:
2376:
2350:
2321:(4): 481–496.
2301:
2279:
2267:www.wgtn.ac.nz
2254:
2229:
2214:
2199:
2148:
2111:
2074:
2048:
2022:
1996:
1968:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1895:
1875:
1850:
1825:
1799:
1767:
1752:
1732:
1717:
1697:
1695:, p. 393.
1685:
1639:
1613:
1587:
1575:
1549:
1538:(4): 469–479.
1522:
1497:
1472:
1449:
1434:
1395:
1349:
1336:
1302:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1193:Elizabeth Rata
1130:
1127:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1047:
1044:
979:Wahakaotirangi
974:
973:Notable people
971:
946:
943:
906:
903:
866:
863:
860:
859:
856:
852:
851:
848:
844:
843:
840:
836:
835:
832:
828:
827:
826:Little finger
824:
820:
819:
816:
812:
811:
808:
804:
803:
800:
778:
775:
773:
770:
756:
755:
753:
750:
747:
746:
744:
741:
738:
737:
735:
732:
729:
728:
726:
723:
720:
719:
716:
713:
705:
704:
701:
698:
694:
693:
690:
687:
683:
682:
679:
676:
672:
671:
668:
665:
653:Māori language
644:
641:
602:
599:
596:
595:
592:
588:
587:
584:
580:
579:
576:
572:
571:
568:
564:
563:
560:
556:
555:
552:
527:
524:
421:
420:
418:
417:
410:
403:
395:
392:
391:
378:
377:
373:
372:
367:
362:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
343:
342:
336:
333:Tangata whenua
330:
325:
319:
313:
308:
302:
301:
298:
297:
294:
293:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
257:
256:
251:
250:
247:
246:
242:
241:
236:
231:
226:
224:
223:
217:
215:Te Puni Kōkiri
212:
206:
201:
196:
191:
185:
184:
179:
178:
175:
174:
170:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
127:Naming customs
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
98:
97:
92:
91:
88:
87:
83:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
46:
45:
40:
39:
36:
35:
27:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2770:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:Māori culture
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2710:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2614:9780143008453
2610:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2568:0-7900-0445-3
2564:
2560:
2559:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2459:
2452:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2410:
2403:
2387:
2380:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2289:
2283:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2243:
2242:teara.govt.nz
2239:
2233:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2138:
2122:
2115:
2107:
2101:
2085:
2078:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2011:
2010:teara.govt.nz
2007:
2000:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1920:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1814:
1813:teara.govt.nz
1810:
1803:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1763:
1756:
1749:. March 2019.
1748:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1718:0-19-558403-1
1714:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1694:
1689:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1659:(2): 99–123.
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1584:
1579:
1564:. 30 May 2016
1563:
1559:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1446:: 1–12. 2006.
1445:
1438:
1419:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1339:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1262:Pharmacognosy
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1065:kauri dieback
1061:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
993:
988:
984:
980:
970:
963:
958:
952:
942:
938:
936:
935:Metasomatised
932:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
899:
895:
890:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
857:
854:
853:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
837:
833:
830:
829:
825:
822:
821:
817:
814:
813:
809:
806:
805:
801:
798:
797:
791:
787:
785:
766:
765:Whakarewarewa
762:
754:
751:
749:
748:
745:
742:
740:
739:
736:
733:
731:
730:
727:
724:
722:
721:
717:
714:
711:
707:
706:
702:
699:
696:
695:
691:
688:
685:
684:
680:
677:
674:
673:
669:
666:
663:
662:
656:
654:
650:
640:
638:
634:
630:
629:
623:
621:
615:
613:
609:
593:
591:- hanga poti
590:
589:
585:
582:
581:
577:
574:
573:
569:
566:
565:
561:
558:
557:
553:
551:Mātauranga -
550:
549:
543:
539:
537:
533:
523:
521:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
474:) from other
473:
468:
466:
465:Māori culture
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:
427:
416:
411:
409:
404:
402:
397:
396:
394:
393:
390:
380:
379:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
360:List of Māori
358:
357:
350:
349:
340:
337:
334:
331:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
296:
295:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
254:
249:
248:
240:
239:Co-governance
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
222:
219:
218:
216:
213:
211:(Māori Party)
210:
209:Te Pāti Māori
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
194:Mana Movement
192:
190:
189:Mana Motuhake
187:
186:
182:
177:
176:
168:
165:
163:
162:Tikanga Māori
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
99:
95:
90:
89:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
56:
53:
51:
48:
47:
43:
38:
37:
29:
28:
24:
21:
20:
2675:
2632:
2604:
2585:
2557:
2527:
2484:
2462:. Retrieved
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2435:
2425:
2413:. Retrieved
2402:
2390:. Retrieved
2379:
2367:. Retrieved
2362:
2353:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2292:. Retrieved
2282:
2270:. Retrieved
2266:
2257:
2245:. Retrieved
2241:
2232:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2125:. Retrieved
2114:
2088:. Retrieved
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2060:
2051:
2039:. Retrieved
2034:
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
2009:
1999:
1987:. Retrieved
1983:
1959:. Retrieved
1954:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1885:
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1862:
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1837:
1828:
1816:. Retrieved
1812:
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1786:
1761:
1755:
1746:
1707:
1700:
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1656:
1652:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:
1621:Rust, Beth.
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1599:
1590:
1578:
1566:. Retrieved
1561:
1552:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1513:. Retrieved
1509:
1500:
1488:. Retrieved
1484:
1475:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1443:
1437:
1425:. Retrieved
1418:the original
1386:. Retrieved
1366:
1362:
1352:
1341:, retrieved
1319:
1293:. Retrieved
1289:
1280:
1221:Earth Mother
1185:Garth Cooper
1168:The Listener
1166:
1164:
1152:
1136:anthropology
1132:
1119:Noble Savage
1099:
1081:
1070:
1055:
1024:King Country
1017:
1011:
1006:William Skey
976:
954:
939:
920:
908:
868:
788:
780:
646:
626:
624:
616:
612:missionaries
604:
575:- tōrangapū
540:
529:
515:mythological
508:
496:Christianity
469:
441:Māori people
429:
425:
424:
306:Conservation
141:
2369:10 November
2336:10289/13238
2185:10182/11385
2168:: 137–154.
2041:10 November
1961:10 November
1469:(2): 30–37.
1407:Cram, Fiona
1369:(1): 5–10.
1242:Māori music
1217:vital force
1197:Robert Nola
900:(Pleiades).
894:Māori kings
784:Elsdon Best
772:Measurement
635:passed the
620:Great Fleet
445:New Zealand
428:(literally
365:List of iwi
324:(subtribes)
60:Musket Wars
2732:Categories
2652:1031208695
2031:"Kahupeka"
1905:1202495549
1678:9 November
1632:9 November
1606:9 November
1388:9 November
1273:References
1225:Sky Father
1201:John Werry
1140:archeology
1101:Archeology
1050:See also:
802:Length of
643:Frameworks
570:sociology
476:Polynesian
426:Mātauranga
341:(families)
147:Taha Māori
2703:cite book
2695:994517936
2660:cite book
2548:156746436
2512:cite book
2504:933761348
2436:The Times
2345:144267043
2210:Howe 2003
2194:0303-6758
2067:14 August
1913:cite book
1868:14 August
1843:12 August
1818:12 August
1583:Howe 2003
1383:133205018
1165:In 2021,
1110:megafauna
912:greywacke
855:Matikara
807:Pakihiwi
649:Whakapapa
567:- hapori
559:- huaota
432:knowledge
167:Whakapapa
122:Mythology
112:Kapa haka
2623:52750152
2577:39264131
2464:21 March
2441:21 March
2415:21 March
2392:21 March
2137:cite web
2100:cite web
1792:8 August
1764:: 26–32.
1727:40462575
1673:40331147
1568:8 August
1515:5 August
1490:6 August
1343:3 August
1295:5 August
1231:See also
1223:and the
1040:rangiora
1036:kawakawa
1032:koromiko
1028:harakeke
1019:Kahupeka
898:Matariki
883:new moon
777:Distance
708:Family (
651:and the
472:Aotearoa
453:holistic
318:(tribes)
253:Language
181:Politics
157:Textiles
137:Religion
107:Funerals
2476:Sources
2411:. Stuff
2294:18 June
2272:31 July
2247:31 July
2127:18 June
2090:18 June
2015:31 July
1653:Oceania
987:Waikato
985:to the
931:Pounamu
925:) like
847:Awanui
628:tohunga
601:History
562:botany
480:culture
439:of the
299:Society
102:Cuisine
94:Culture
42:History
2693:
2683:
2650:
2640:
2621:
2611:
2592:
2575:
2565:
2546:
2536:
2502:
2492:
2343:
2192:
2086:. NIWA
1989:12 May
1903:
1893:
1725:
1715:
1671:
1427:12 May
1381:
1334:
1199:, and
1038:, and
1002:Karaka
992:Tainui
983:kumara
966:
957:kūmara
839:Ringa
831:Kōnui
823:Kōiti
710:Whānau
583:- toi
430:Māori
339:Whānau
311:Hauora
132:Poetry
25:topics
2341:S2CID
2061:Stuff
1669:JSTOR
1421:(PDF)
1414:(PDF)
1379:S2CID
933:) or
916:chert
815:Tuke
799:Name
586:arts
353:Lists
328:Marae
117:Music
23:Māori
2709:link
2691:OCLC
2681:ISBN
2666:link
2648:OCLC
2638:ISBN
2619:OCLC
2609:ISBN
2590:ISBN
2573:OCLC
2563:ISBN
2544:OCLC
2534:ISBN
2518:link
2500:OCLC
2490:ISBN
2466:2023
2443:2023
2417:2023
2394:2023
2371:2020
2296:2014
2274:2021
2249:2021
2190:ISSN
2143:link
2129:2014
2106:link
2092:2014
2069:2021
2043:2020
2017:2021
1991:2019
1963:2020
1919:link
1901:OCLC
1891:ISBN
1870:2021
1845:2021
1820:2021
1794:2021
1723:OCLC
1713:ISBN
1680:2020
1634:2020
1608:2020
1570:2021
1517:2021
1492:2021
1429:2019
1390:2020
1345:2021
1332:ISBN
1297:2021
1146:and
1138:and
1103:and
927:jade
923:mana
914:and
875:Moon
873:and
865:Time
610:and
482:and
459:and
451:and
322:Hapū
152:Tapu
2529:etc
2331:hdl
2323:doi
2180:hdl
2170:doi
1661:doi
1540:doi
1371:doi
1324:doi
1227:".
1213:DNA
1077:iwi
1073:iwi
871:Sun
520:iwi
443:of
316:Iwi
2734::
2705:}}
2701:{{
2689:.
2662:}}
2658:{{
2646:.
2617:.
2571:.
2542:.
2514:}}
2510:{{
2498:.
2434:.
2361:.
2339:.
2329:.
2319:26
2317:.
2313:.
2265:.
2240:.
2217:^
2202:^
2188:.
2178:.
2166:49
2164:.
2160:.
2139:}}
2135:{{
2102:}}
2098:{{
2059:.
2033:.
2008:.
1982:.
1971:^
1953:.
1915:}}
1911:{{
1899:.
1861:.
1836:.
1811:.
1785:.
1770:^
1735:^
1721:.
1667:.
1657:60
1655:.
1651:.
1625:.
1598:.
1560:.
1536:17
1534:.
1508:.
1483:.
1467:47
1465:.
1461:.
1398:^
1377:.
1367:47
1365:.
1361:.
1330:,
1318:,
1305:^
1288:.
1195:,
1191:,
1187:,
1183:,
1179:,
1150:.
1034:,
1030:,
786:.
712:)
506:.
2711:)
2697:.
2668:)
2654:.
2625:.
2598:.
2579:.
2550:.
2520:)
2506:.
2468:.
2445:.
2419:.
2396:.
2373:.
2347:.
2333::
2325::
2298:.
2276:.
2251:.
2196:.
2182::
2172::
2145:)
2131:.
2108:)
2094:.
2071:.
2045:.
2019:.
1993:.
1965:.
1921:)
1907:.
1872:.
1847:.
1822:.
1796:.
1729:.
1682:.
1663::
1636:.
1610:.
1572:.
1546:.
1542::
1519:.
1494:.
1431:.
1392:.
1373::
1326::
1299:.
1067:.
929:(
414:e
407:t
400:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.