250:, under powers in the Road Traffic Act 1956. The test was originally a basic test including brakes, lights and steering check which was to be carried out after the vehicle was ten years old and every year thereafter. This became known as the "ten year test", or alternatively the "Ministry of Transport Test". A fee is applicable to the test and the amount involved for a car when testing was first introduced in 1960 was fourteen shillings (70 new (decimal) pence) plus one shilling (5 new pence) for the certificate. The voluntary period ended on 15 February 1961 and the high test failure rate resulted in the age that vehicles became due for testing being reduced to seven years on 31 December 1961. In 1962, the first commercial vehicle exam was created and a valid certificate was required in order to receive a tax disc, and in April 1967, the testable age for a MOT was reduced to three years. On 1 January 1983, the testable age for ambulances, taxis and vehicles with more than eight passenger seats (excluding the driver's) was reduced to one year.
724:
tested to ascertain whether it is obviously louder than another vehicle of the same make and model with a standard exhaust system fitted. Dismantling of any part of the vehicle during the MOT test is strictly against test regulations, making the assessment of corrosion or worn components in certain areas on certain car models very difficult to determine accurately. As the MOT is only an inspection for roadworthiness at the time of test, the inspection of most accessories is not included. One exception is tow bars: their condition and their attachment to the vehicle is now included in the MOT.
637:
27:
124:
620:, and advertisements for used cars frequently say how many months are left to run on the current MOT (i.e., VT20 certificate; although the VT20 points out that it does not, in any way, guarantee road-worthiness at the time of sale). A vehicle could suffer major damage after a MOT has been carried out, but the certificate would still be valid, and obtaining a new one is not required by law (some
758:
carried out. If it is removed from the premises for repair and then returned before the end of ten working days it can have a retest at half the original fee paid. If the failed vehicle is taken away but then brought back to the same test station and retested before the end of the next working day on one or more of the following items only then no fee is charged for a retest:
616:) but includes other places available for public use, which are not highways. This applies except when driving to or from (subject to insurance terms and conditions) a booked MOT test or to have remedial work done to rectify failures in a previous test. Possession of an up-to-date VT20 test certificate is a pre-requisite for obtaining
833:
history from 2005 onwards, via the DVSA web site. MOT certificates in
Northern Ireland continue to be issued on paper, accompanied by a paper 'certificate disc' which must be displayed on the vehicle. Display of these discs has been mandatory on Northern Ireland tested cars since 2008. However, this was abolished in April 2015.
845:
From 20 May 2018, the way that the MOT test works in
England, Scotland and Wales changed to comply with EU Directive 2014/45. This involved some changes to the way the test is carried out and reported, with the basic essence of the test remaining the same. After 20 May 2018, vehicles first registered
732:
A vehicle that has no front- and rear-position lights fitted or has had those lights permanently removed, painted or masked-over is exempt from the lighting sections of the MOT test. An advisory note will be provided on the VT32 as a reminder that the vehicle should be used only during daylight hours
783:
Motorists who recently had a vehicle MOT tested and disagree with the outcome of the inspection are entitled to an appeal against the decision. The appeal must be lodged with DVSA/DVA within 28 days of the original test date if the items in question are mechanical in nature; three months are allowed
757:
When a vehicle fails the MOT test it can be re-tested within the end of ten working days to gain a pass. There may be a charge payable. If the vehicle remains at the test station for repair after failure then it can have a free partial re-test within ten working days after the original test has been
230:
throughout
England, Scotland and Wales, employing more than 65,800 testers, are authorised to perform testing and issue certificates. In principle, any individual in Great Britain can apply to run a MOT station, although in order to gain an authorisation from DVSA, both the individual wanting to run
787:
If the items in question are repaired, replaced or removed from the vehicle, the right of the owner to appeal becomes null and void. Failure because of items easily replaceable, such as tyres or windscreen wiper blades, may not be appealed against, as it cannot be adequately determined if they were
723:
Items such as the windscreen, wipers and exhaust systems are tested for condition and operation. Windscreen wipers will fail the test if they do not adequately clear the windscreen when used in conjunction with the washers. The exhaust system, in addition to checks on its condition and security, is
284:
In recent years there have been attempts to change the frequency of the MOT in the UK, including moving to a test every two years, or changing the age that vehicles become due for testing to four years, instead of three. However, these changes have been dismissed following government consultations,
836:
From 18 November, the MOT certificate shows the vehicle's recent mileage history. This was introduced as part of a government initiative to reduce vehicle crime. Where available, the mileage history will comprise the readings associated with the three most recent VT20s (test passes) along with the
863:
From 1 April 2020, all Class 4 vehicle MOT expiry dates were extended by six months if the date fell on or after 30 March 2020. This was implemented due to the coronavirus outbreak across the UK. Although the six-month exemption was granted, vehicles that were still being used were required to be
832:
It also saw the introduction in Great
Britain of 'receipt style' plain paper certificates that serve as a notification that a 'pass' entry has been recorded on the DVSA database. The MOT test number contained on the certificate gives access to the vehicle's current test status as well as its test
648:
In Great
Britain MOT testing centres are regulated and licensed by the Department and Transport and DVSA for the purpose, and the individual testers carrying out the inspections also have to be trained and certified. The main purpose of the MOT test is to check if a vehicle meets the main UK road
301:
In order to allow vehicles to travel from one country to another, some international regulations require tests to be performed on vehicles. This is, for instance, required by the 1997 UNECE Agreement and by
Directive 2014/45/EC on periodic road-worthiness tests, Directive 2014/47/EC on technical
791:
To appeal against a MOT pass is free of charge, but appeals against a failure incur a fee whose value would amount to the normal maximum price of a MOT for that vehicle. This fee is then refunded if the appellate inspection finds in favour of the motorist lodging the appeal. If the appellate
745:
A vehicle is exempt from the MOT if it was manufactured or first registered more than forty years ago and no "substantial changes" have been made to the vehicle in the last thirty years. This includes vehicles previously exempted on the basis of being first registered before 1960. A vehicle
715:
An MOT test certificate confirms that at the time of test, the vehicle has met the minimum acceptable environmental and road safety standards. It does not mean that the vehicle is roadworthy for the life of the certificate. The test does not cover the condition of the engine (other than the
774:
The fee for testing and retesting is at the discretion of the proprietor of the test facility, subject to legal maximum prices. The vehicle owner is only subject to one retest per MOT test. If the vehicle fails the MOT retest it is then subject to a full MOT test at the full MOT test fee.
854:
From 1 October 2019, the way that the MOT test worked in
England, Scotland and Wales changed to comply with the new connected equipment legislation. This only applied to any applications to open a new MOT centre, reopen a MOT centre or make a change of ownership of a MOT centre.
276:
2005 – introduction of a computerised administration system for issuing non-secure test certificates, and the creation of the 'Automated Test Bay' which differed from traditional testing by installing equipment in the bay to obviate the need for a tester's assistant during the
357:
HGV test – Goods vehicles over 3,500 kg GVW and trailers over 1,020 kg unladen weight or 3,500 kg GVW if fitted with overrun brakes (test conducted by DVSA/DVA staff their own stations, or at a DVSA authorised testing facility (ATF) or designated premises
792:
inspection finds the vehicle was incorrectly diagnosed, DVSA/DVA takes appropriate action against the station involved. This can range from penalty points being issued for minor infringements, to the station's MOT licence being rescinded for more major violations.
784:
for corrosion issues, except for corrosion of brake discs, brake lines or the exhaust system. Mileage, or the lack thereof, incurred after the inspection has no relevance to the appeal even if the vehicle has not been used for several months after the test.
807:
It is a common misconception that the MOT inspection provides an irrefutable record of a vehicle's mileage. However, although the mileage is recorded during the test, no part of the inspection requires the test station to verify that this is indeed the
746:
alteration is a "substantial change" if the technical characteristics of the main components have changed in the previous thirty years, unless these fall into the acceptable alterations category. Different rules apply to large vehicles.
353:
PSV test (Class VI) – Public service vehicles used for hire or reward with more than eight passenger seats (test conducted by DVSA/DVA staff their own stations, or at DVSA authorised testing facilities (ATF) or designated premises
799:. A MOT station cannot be held responsible for defects that occur to the vehicle several months after the test was conducted. The appeal process is outlined on the reverse of the VT20 pass certificate and the VT30 failure notice.
736:
This is sometimes incorrectly referred to as a "Daytime MOT", but there is no official distinction. It is the Road
Vehicles Lighting Regulations that prevent an unlit vehicle being used on the road after dark, not the MOT.
349:
Class VII – Goods vehicles over 3,000 kg up to and including 3,500 kg DGW. If a vehicle is presented with a manufacturer's plate and a 'Ministry plate' the weights to be used are those on the 'Ministry
167:
on various small islands with no convenient connection "to a road in any part of Great
Britain"; no similar exemption is listed at the beginning of 2014 for Northern Ireland, which has a single inhabited island,
624:
companies may require a new test, but this is their practice, not law). However, driving a vehicle which is in a dangerous condition on a public road is always illegal, irrespective of its test status.
1013:
708:
The inspection manual can be found online. The full details must by law be provided on request by all garages licensed to perform MOT tests and are currently published in DVSA's leaflet
605:
The actual designation for the pass certificate is VT20, and failure is the VT30, with any advisories being the VT32. The MOT test will provide an emissions report if applicable.
1415:
1347:
761:
Bonnet, horn, sharp edges, boot lid, lamps, steering wheel, brake pedal anti-slip, loading door, tailboard, direction indicators, mirrors, tailgate, doors rear reflectors,
872:
From 1 May 2021, exhaust gas analysers and diesel smoke meters were able to connect directly to the MOT testing service as part of the connected equipment legislation.
1394:
367:
All test stations are required to display a "VT9A Fees and
Appeals" poster on their premises which must be available to the public. As of 6 April 2010, these are the
267:
for petrol engine vehicles, together with checks on the anti-lock braking system, rear wheel bearings, rear wheel steering (where appropriate) and rear seat belts
1600:"Laboratory evaluation on the sensitivity and specificity of a novel and rapid detection method for malaria diagnosis based on magneto-optical technology (MOT)"
1038:
649:
safety standards. The decision to pass or fail each presented vehicle comes down to the discretion of the tester following the guidelines issued by the DVSA.
795:
DVSA/DVA has only the power to discipline the station involved and cannot pursue compensation of any kind for the complainant; that is the responsibility of
290:
716:
emissions), clutch or gearbox. Maintenance that is necessary for the reliable and efficient operation of the vehicle – but not its safety – forms part of a
1173:
1068:
947:
172:. The MOT test was first introduced in 1960 as a few basic tests of a vehicle and now covers twenty different parts or systems on or in the vehicle.
1715:
765:, drop sides, registration plates, windscreen and glass, fuel filler cap, seat belts, wipers and washers, hazard warning, seats, wheels and tyres.
260:
1977 – checks of windscreen wipers and washers, indicators, brake lights, horns, exhaust system and condition of the body structure and chassis
1720:
1457:
231:
the station, as well as the premises, need to meet minimal criteria set out on the government's website, within the so-called VT01 form.
1695:
280:
2012 – checks of secondary restraint systems, battery and wiring, electronic stability control (ESC), speedometers and steering locks.
346:
Class V – Private passenger vehicles, ambulances, motor caravans and dual purpose vehicles with thirteen or more passenger seats
293:. This plan has yet to be officially taken to consultation by the government, but has provoked response from safety organisations.
1145:
720:
inspection that is recommended by manufacturers, but is not a legal requirement for operating the vehicle on the public highway.
1680:
1293:
1588:
324:
Class III – Three-wheeled vehicles not more than 450 kg unladen weight (excluding motor bicycles with side cars).
208:
1220:
829:
In 2012 the MOT test was radically overhauled with many items not previously included in the test now becoming standard.
200:
1572:
1098:
91:
644:
has its chassis inspected as part of its MOT. The vehicle structure is among many of the points covered in a MOT test.
110:
63:
1644:
1046:
188:
1562:
1360:
864:
kept in a roadworthy condition, and penalties were still issued for driving a vehicle in a dangerous condition.
70:
48:
1159:
884:
cars have not been carried out during MOTs in Northern Ireland since 2006, despite being a legal requirement.
768:
After the ten-day period a full MOT test will have to be carried out. The full MOT test fee is charged again.
762:
608:
It is illegal to use a non-exempt vehicle that requires a test without a current MOT on any way defined as a
1072:
242:
The MOT test was first introduced on a voluntary basis on 12 September 1960 under the direction of the-then
77:
1710:
289:, that the MOT again move to a biennial check, to help motorists save money as a result of the ongoing
1598:
Mens, Petra F; Matelon, Raphael J; Nour, Bakri YM; Newman, Dave M; Schallig, Henk DFH (19 July 2010).
1567:
966:
771:
Test stations and the DVSA's website provide full and up-to-date information regarding MOT re-tests.
220:
163:
the equivalent requirement applies after four years. The requirement does not apply to vehicles used
59:
44:
339:
up to twelve passenger seats, Goods Vehicles not exceeding 3,000 kg Design Gross Weight (DGW),
204:
192:
1333:
717:
37:
1504:
1436:
1265:
227:
1643:
Wilson, R.E.; Cairns, S.; Notley, S.; Anable, J.; Chatterton, T.; McLeod, F. (February 2013).
243:
1478:
1131:
612:
in the Road Traffic Act 1988; it does not apply only to highways (or in Scotland a relevant
1536:
1531:
1311:
1198:
8:
1216:
617:
1146:"MOT could move to every two years under cost-of-living suggestions - Auto Repair Focus"
450:
Cars & light vans (including Three-wheeled vehicles over 450 kg unladen weight)
285:
on the grounds of safety. Most recently, it was suggested by former Transport Secretary
148:
1725:
1667:
1626:
1599:
893:
140:
84:
1631:
1584:
1106:
920:
899:
796:
264:
1671:
234:
In Northern Ireland, tests are performed exclusively at the DVA's own test centres.
223:(DVA). The test and the pass certificate are often referred to simply as the "MOT".
1659:
1621:
1611:
1297:
321:
Class II – All motor bicycles (including Class I) (with or without side cars).
216:
212:
160:
253:
The list of items tested has been continually expanded over the years, including:
215:
of the Department for Transport, and before 1 April 2014 by VOSA. Certificates in
195:, but is still officially used. The MOT test certificates are currently issued in
1663:
636:
1279:
813:
247:
169:
156:
144:
589:
Maximum fee for duplicate test certificate (or half the full test fee if less)
1704:
1110:
315:
196:
1616:
331:, including 3-wheeled vehicles more than 450 kg unladen weight, taxis,
1635:
286:
1373:
881:
152:
127:
Approved MOT test stations must display the blue "three triangles" logo.
520:
Private passenger vehicles and ambulances (More than 16 passenger seats)
1580:
Using MOT test data to analyse travel behaviour change - scoping report
1244:
641:
302:
roadside inspections of commercial vehicles and Directive 2014/46/EC.
621:
340:
336:
1160:"TyreSafe criticises government MOT suggestions - Auto Repair Focus"
548:
Includes seat belt installation check (More than 16 passenger seats)
26:
1578:
846:
forty years prior were exempt from the requirement for a MOT test.
478:
Private passenger vehicles & ambulances (9-12 passenger seats)
123:
1681:
Using MOT records to estimate local level vehicle annual mileages
506:
Private passenger vehicles and ambulances (13-16 passenger seats)
332:
1568:
Driver & Vehicle Agency (Northern Ireland) official web site
270:
1992 – a stricter tyre tread depth requirement for most vehicles
991:
600:
1645:"Techniques for the inference of mileage rates from MOT data"
628:
The official UK MOT inspection manuals are available online.
534:
Includes seat belt installation check (13-16 passenger seats)
896:(general overview of roadworthiness tests around the world)
562:
Goods vehicles (over 3,000 kg up to 3,500 kg DGW)
1690:
1334:"The Motor Vehicles (Tests) (Amendment) Regulations 2017"
436:
Three-wheeled vehicles (up to 450 kg unladen weight)
328:
1642:
1132:"First MOT to remain at three years - Auto Repair Focus"
875:
740:
816:
would not be discovered as part of the MOT inspection.
733:
and not used at times of seriously reduced visibility.
371:
fees that can be charged. They are not subject to VAT.
273:
1994 – a check of emissions for diesel engine vehicles
1597:
1530:
Spackman, Conor; Grandjean, Guy (26 September 2018).
1348:"Historic (classic) vehicles: MOT exemption criteria"
1217:"Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994 Schedule 2"
203:(DVSA) (formed as a result of the merger between the
191:, which was one of several ancestors of the current
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1532:"MOT diesel test not performed in NI for 12 years"
1099:"The MOT car safety test: saving lives since 1960"
778:
1529:
1702:
967:"DVLA Free Car Check – Tax, MOT, Vehicle info"
1437:"Do I need to Replace my Existing Equipment?"
1312:"The Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989"
601:Rules and regulations for the United Kingdom
296:
1691:Council operated MOT test centres in the UK
1361:The AA - New mandatory test items from 2012
1043:VT01 application form for mot authorisation
788:the ones fitted at the time of inspection.
652:The MOT test covers the following aspects:
422:Motorcycles with side car (any engine size)
159:for most vehicles over three years old. In
1678:
1573:Official MOT Guides and Inspection Manuals
1458:"Coronavirus: MOTs due from 30 March 2020"
1239:
1237:
1625:
1615:
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1479:"Coronavirus COVID-19 Lockdown and MOTs"
812:mileage. It is merely recorded, and any
635:
122:
1716:Motoring taxation in the United Kingdom
1583:. Transport Research Laboratory. 2014.
1395:"Overview of MOT changes from May 2018"
1234:
1096:
631:
318:(with or without side cars) up to 200cc
16:Mandatory checkup for UK motor vehicles
1703:
1652:Transportation Planning and Technology
1071:. MOT Testing Magazine. Archived from
749:An exempt vehicle must be roadworthy.
305:
1563:Driver & Vehicle Standards Agency
1505:"Learn About MOT Connected Equipment"
1314:. Office of Public Sector Information
1097:Roberts, Andrew (13 September 2020).
876:Emissions testing in Northern Ireland
741:Historic (classic) vehicles exemption
727:
492:Includes seat belt installation check
1721:Road transport in the United Kingdom
1679:Moyce, Rachel; Lloyd, Daryl (2013).
1166:
1092:
1090:
209:Vehicle and Operator Services Agency
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
1294:"MOT Guide & Inspection Manual"
1221:Office of Public Sector Information
984:
201:Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency
13:
1006:
226:More than 23,500 local car repair
14:
1737:
1556:
1245:"MOT manuals and special notices"
1087:
964:
383:Age first test required (years)
25:
1523:
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1471:
1450:
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1408:
1387:
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1354:
1340:
1326:
1304:
1286:
1272:
1258:
1209:
1191:
1152:
1138:
1124:
1014:"MOT test stations and testers"
779:Appeals against MOT inspections
394:Motorcycles (up to 200 cm)
36:needs additional citations for
1061:
1031:
958:
940:
931:
913:
576:Maximum fee for partial retest
1:
906:
408:Motorcycles (all motorcycles)
386:Price (6 April 2010 onwards)
1696:Gov.uk MOT inspection manual
1664:10.1080/03081060.2012.745768
7:
1045:. DVSA VOSA. Archived from
887:
752:
10:
1742:
1416:"MOT Special Notice 04-19"
1363:Retrieved 20 February 2012
819:
802:
343:and Dual Purpose Vehicles.
237:
199:under the auspices of the
175:The name derives from the
1374:"A guide to the MOT Test"
1069:"History of the MOT Test"
921:"MOT and vehicle testing"
297:International regulations
221:Driver and Vehicle Agency
1509:Concept Garage Equipment
1266:"Purpose of an MOT test"
994:. Government MOT website
837:date of those readings.
814:tampering of an odometer
205:Driving Standards Agency
193:Department for Transport
1617:10.1186/1475-2875-9-207
1199:"Road Traffic Act 1988"
867:
858:
849:
840:
824:
362:
1296:. DVSA. Archived from
971:Bauaelectric Auto News
948:"About the MOT scheme"
645:
310:The test classes are:
128:
656:Exhaust and emissions
639:
291:cost-of-living crisis
263:1991 – checks of the
244:Minister of Transport
189:government department
126:
1537:BBC Northern Ireland
1300:on 11 November 2014.
1075:on 26 September 2010
1049:on 16 September 2013
710:The MOT Test and You
632:Overview of the test
464:Ambulances and taxis
187:ransport, a defunct
45:improve this article
1280:"MOT Testing Guide"
880:Emissions tests on
618:vehicle excise duty
306:Test classification
257:1968 – a tyre check
1203:legislation.gov.uk
1134:. 18 January 2018.
902:(Irish equivalent)
894:Vehicle inspection
728:Lighting exemption
704:Battery and wiring
701:Body and structure
646:
219:are issued by the
129:
1711:Automotive safety
1590:978-1-910377-01-7
992:"MOT Name Origin"
900:National Car Test
797:Trading Standards
598:
597:
153:exhaust emissions
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1148:. 27 April 2022.
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683:Tyres and wheels
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327:Class IV –
217:Northern Ireland
213:executive agency
161:Northern Ireland
155:required in the
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1174:"MOT Test Fees"
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43:Please help
38:verification
35:
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1515:20 December
1489:19 February
1183:15 December
1039:"VT01 form"
998:14 November
698:Fuel system
135:(or simply
1705:Categories
1610:(1): 207.
1544:31 October
1442:31 October
1421:31 October
1379:16 October
1053:24 October
907:References
695:Suspension
665:Windscreen
659:Seat belts
642:Land Rover
337:ambulances
71:newspapers
60:"MOT test"
1726:Car costs
1686:(Report).
1483:Mr Clutch
1111:0307-1235
1079:1 October
1023:5 October
622:insurance
419:1 & 2
333:minibuses
1672:16750882
1636:20642834
1250:12 April
888:See also
753:Re-tests
662:Steering
554:£124.50
179:inistry
133:MOT test
1627:3224991
1463:1 April
1318:11 July
820:Changes
803:Mileage
718:service
686:Mirrors
594:£10.00
568:£58.60
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400:£29.65
369:maximum
350:plate'.
238:History
228:garages
170:Rathlin
85:scholar
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1109:
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976:4 July
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810:actual
680:Brakes
677:Lights
377:Class
358:(DP)).
354:(DP)).
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692:Seats
689:Doors
92:JSTOR
78:books
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1585:ISBN
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1539:News
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825:2012
671:Horn
614:road
610:road
363:Fees
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329:Cars
277:test
165:only
141:test
131:The
64:news
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763:VIN
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