1883:
1955:
1211:
2072:
1203:
2033:
2053:
2011:
1579:
1776:
1989:
3325:
144:
2087:
514:
1970:
3349:
32:
334:. Hydromagmatic eruptions are increasingly explosive when the ratio of water to magma is low. Since permafrost melts slowly, it provides a steady source of water to the eruption while keeping the water to magma ratio low. This produces the prolonged, explosive eruptions that created these large maars. Examples of the Seward Peninsula maars include North Killeak Maar, South Killeak Maar, Devil Mountain Maar and Whitefish Maar.
1513:
506:
3096:
3361:
3337:
2223:(i.e. sea) and been introduced into local language during the Roman occupation of the West Eifel. See: Noll, H. (1967) "Maare und Maar-ähnliche Explosionskrater in Island. Ein Vergleich mit dem Maar-Vulkanismus der Eifel" (Maars and maar-like explosion craters in Iceland. A comparison with the maar-volcanism of the Eifel.), Special publication of the Geological Institute of the University of Köln, p. 1.
129:
498:
325:
in northwest Alaska. These maars range in size from 4 to 8 km (2.5 to 5.0 mi) in diameter and a depth up to 300 m (980 ft). These eruptions occurred in a period of about 100,000 years, with the youngest (the Devil
Mountain Maar) occurring about 17,500 years ago. Their large size
225:
area of
Germany. The word evolved from its first use in German in the modern geological sense in 1819 and is now used in English and in the geological sciences as the term for the explosion crater, even if water from rainfall might always have drained from the crater after the formation event. This
230:
intrusion to create an explosion crater, the name came to be used for the crater type as well. The present definition of the term relates to both its common and scientific discourse use in language over two centuries. Depending upon context there may be other descriptors available to use in the
305:) which has dried out during the last century and is being renaturalised into a maar. In some cases the underlying rock is so porous that maar lakes are unable to form. After winters of heavy snow and rainfall many dry maars fill partially and temporarily with water; others contain small
2187:(Also two noteworthy lakes are in the Eifel, one by the Ulmen castle, and another by the monastery at Laich ; they are very deep ; have no streams flowing in but many flowing out ; one calls them "maars" and are rich in fish.)
2185:"Item zwen namhafftiger seen seind in der Eyfel / einer bey de schloß Ulmen / und ein ander bey dem Closter züm Laich / die seind sere tieff / habe kein ynflüß aber vil außflüß / die nennet man Marh unnd seind fischreich."
525:
there are about 75 maars. Both lake-filled and dry maars are typical, though the latter are more common. The last eruptions took place at least 11,000 years ago, and many maars are older, as evidenced by their heavy
2868:
Lenhardt, N.; Borah, S.B.; Lenhardt, S.Z.; Bumby, A.J.; Ibinoof, M.A.; Salih, S.A. (2018). "The monogenetic Bayuda
Volcanic Field, Sudan – New insights into geology and volcanic morphology".
1882:
1504:, the Hammerunterwiesenthal Maar formed about 30 million years ago during the Oligocene; the maar measures 2 kilometres from east to west and 1.4 kilometres from north to south.
197:) across and from 5 to 200 m (20 to 700 ft) deep. Most maars fill with water to form natural lakes. Most maars have low rims composed of a mixture of loose fragments of
2032:
266:
fills the funnel-shaped and usually round hollow of the maar depression formed by volcanic explosions. Examples of these types of maar are the three maars at Daun in the
226:
extension in meaning was due to recognising that the lake may no longer exist. Since maar lakes are formed after initially ground or subsurface water interacts with a
1000:
658:
1889:
1732:
1132:
791:
861:
1066:
588:
393:
that occupies a flat-floored crater about 6,500 ft (2,000 m) across and 400 ft (120 m) deep. Its low rim is composed of loose pieces of
930:
349:(where they were originally described), and in other geologically young volcanic regions of Earth. Elsewhere in Europe, La Vestide du Pal, a maar in the
2659:
Neumann, F.; Schölzel, C.; Litt, T.; Hense, A.; Stein, M. (2007). "Holocene vegetation and climate history of the northern Golan heights (Near East)".
1954:
721:
1385:
The following volcanic features are often colloquially referred to as a "maar" or "maar lake", although they are not, strictly speaking, maars:
2052:
1724:
1485:
1736:
1740:
1819:
3278:
241:
Maar volcanoes are distinguished from other small volcanoes in having craters with their floor lying below the pre-eruptive surface
1744:
2546:
2235:"Early volcanological research in the Vulkaneifel, Germany, the classic region of maar–diatreme volcanoes: the years 1774–1865."
2010:
235:
volcanoes. These last are volcanoes produced by explosive eruptions that cut deeply into the country rock with the maar being "
2827:
2520:
2801:
1488:(the Swabian Volcano) there are maar-forming volcanoes. Because the over 350 eruption points were only active in the Upper
426:
2954:
2154:
2590:
2194:(1794–1874), a secondary-school teacher from Trier, coined the term "maar" in its modern sense. See: Steininger, J.,
1988:
2927:
2922:
2738:
2284:
1548:
115:
2482:
2297:
Lorenz, V. (October 1986). "On the growth of maars and diatremes and its relevance to the formation of tuff rings".
2615:"Complex subvolcanic magma plumbing system of an alkali basaltic maar-diatreme volcano (Elie Ness, Fife, Scotland)"
2384:
2071:
96:
3365:
68:
1969:
1911:, is an important fossil site, but there are many more maars in New Zealand. As already mentioned these include
3387:
2092:
1936:
974:
831:
53:
2490:
2234:
75:
2202:
1799:
1708:
2614:
3397:
1551:
in Spain contains numerous maars; a typical example being the maar of Hoya del
Mortero at Poblete in the
218:
3341:
3308:
3303:
2086:
1637:
82:
3402:
1661:
2910:
1853:
544:
438:
167:
133:
2210:
501:
The three maars at Daun (from front to rear): the Gemündener, Weinfelder and
Schalkenmehrener Maar
2947:
2062:
1916:
1865:
1665:
1586:
1552:
450:
64:
42:
2215:
Horst Noll, a geologist at the
University of Köln (Cologne), Germany, said that the local term
2191:
1807:
2776:
2039:
1876:, whose complex system of nested maars is enclosed by one of the largest maars in the world.
1501:
1389:
1331:
994:
446:
49:
20:
1633:
2877:
2711:
2668:
2626:
2399:
2352:
2343:
Lorenz, Volker (January 2007). "Syn- and posteruptive hazards of maar–diatreme volcanoes".
2306:
1940:
1873:
1861:
1791:
183:
148:
2160:
1464:
In
Germany there are also several maars outside of the Eifel. A well-known example is the
1210:
366:
8:
2881:
2715:
2702:
Grainger, David J. (January 1996). "Al Wahbah volcanic explosion crater, Saudi Arabia".
2672:
2630:
2434:
2403:
2356:
2310:
475:
was for many years thought to be a maar of volcanic origin but it is now known to be an
3329:
3273:
3060:
3035:
2940:
2905:
2684:
2322:
2240:
2016:
1842:
1779:
1756:
1688:
1683:
In
Central Mexico, the Tarascan volcanic field contains several maars in the states of
1629:
1613:
1609:
1202:
2248:
1528:
1520:
1452:
652:
369:
in the
Philippines, though originally thought to be a volcanic crater, is a maar. The
3348:
3268:
3127:
3065:
2889:
2758:
2723:
2688:
2586:
2554:
2516:
2415:
2411:
2364:
2326:
2280:
1924:
1657:
1625:
1473:
1407:
1314:
1234:
1224:
151:
on the Seward
Peninsula in western Alaska – the largest maar-based lakes in the world
2470:
1920:
1677:
382:
3353:
3283:
3252:
3247:
3030:
2885:
2852:
2750:
2719:
2676:
2634:
2449:
2407:
2360:
2314:
1834:
1764:
1363:
430:
322:
2515:. Vol. 1. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. pp. 311ff.
2180:
89:
3222:
3085:
2997:
2987:
2638:
2580:
2168:
1960:
1857:
1621:
1578:
1536:
1516:
1432:
1126:
855:
785:
163:
2148:
2127: – Cauldron-like volcanic feature formed by the emptying of a magma chamber
3392:
3298:
3227:
3045:
3025:
2058:
2020:
1673:
1669:
1645:
1582:
1493:
1335:
1286:
1244:
1173:
1041:
522:
370:
362:
354:
318:
290:
222:
2680:
1258:
1248:
835:
3381:
3293:
3197:
3104:
3080:
3055:
3050:
3040:
2762:
2613:
Gernon, T M; Upton, B G J; Ugra, R; Yucel, C; Taylor, R N; Elliot, H (2016).
2419:
1998:
1980:
1932:
1928:
1783:
1775:
1728:
1597:
1567:
1497:
1443:
1422:
1356:
1148:
1134:
1106:
1082:
1068:
1016:
1002:
946:
932:
877:
863:
807:
793:
737:
723:
674:
660:
604:
590:
476:
472:
263:
198:
137:
2754:
2737:
Inakura, Hirohito; Naruo, Hideto; Okuno, Mitsuru; Kobayashi, Tetsuo (2014).
2230:(Stuttgart, Germany: Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1986), p. 311.
3288:
3232:
3070:
3002:
2118: – Landform of ejecta from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape
1994:
1900:
1869:
1760:
1481:
1439:
1303:
1238:
1060:
582:
298:
182:). A maar characteristically fills with water to form a relatively shallow
2237:
On-line publication of Springer International Publishing, Berlin, Germany.
2205:(1797–1876) introduced the term "maar" into English. See: Scrope, G.P.,
1684:
3182:
3137:
3112:
3020:
2992:
2982:
2739:"Eruptive History of Ikeda Volcano, Ibusuki Area, Southern Kyushu, Japan"
2172:
1912:
1908:
1838:
1827:
1823:
1704:
1700:
1532:
1492:
17 to 11 million years ago, all the maars, apart from the dry maar,
1448:
1403:
1393:
458:
418:
390:
309:
or often artificial ponds that, however, only occupy part of the hollow.
282:
259:
194:
171:
2453:
3207:
3157:
3132:
2318:
2077:
1976:
1892:
1811:
1653:
1641:
1605:
1465:
1428:
1418:
1397:
1370:
1325:
1280:
1273:
1262:
970:
924:
901:
765:
513:
434:
386:
358:
331:
143:
2435:"The Largest Known Maars on Earth, Seward Peninsula, Northwest Alaska"
1895:
Lake at Tower Hill Wildlife Preserve, one of the world's largest maars
350:
3192:
3177:
3162:
3010:
2433:
Begét, James E.; Hopkins, David M.; Charron, Steven D. (March 1996),
2115:
2106:
1795:
1752:
1544:
1342:
442:
410:
402:
398:
374:
338:
286:
2024:
31:
3237:
3212:
3187:
3117:
2002:
1692:
1349:
1307:
905:
715:
632:
462:
454:
414:
378:
294:
202:
1822:
there is Kagamiike Pond as well as many on the volcanic island of
1512:
457:, New Zealand has several maars, including the readily accessible
3167:
3152:
3095:
2977:
2963:
2124:
1712:
1601:
1563:
1540:
1489:
1411:
1290:
1269:
1228:
761:
628:
561:
527:
505:
468:
437:
fields throughout Canada. Another field of maars is found in the
346:
271:
160:
353:
department of France, is easily visible from the ground or air.
3217:
3202:
3172:
3147:
3142:
3122:
3075:
2487:
The Great Desert: Geology and Life on Mars and in the Southwest
2043:
1815:
1803:
1748:
1649:
1617:
1477:
1469:
422:
394:
237:
the crater cut into the ground and surrounded by an ejecta ring
1220:
In the Eifel and Volcanic Eifel there are numerous dry maars:
1904:
1846:
1696:
571:
406:
342:
327:
267:
227:
190:
179:
2932:
1596:
In the US there are numerous maar areas, such as in Alaska (
128:
3242:
1691:. In Nicaragua is the maar of Laguna de Xiloa, part of the
1559:
1297:
1252:
175:
2867:
2736:
1841:
volcano in Indonesia. The San Pablo Volcanic Field in the
1496:
and the Molach, are only detectable geologically. In the
306:
2658:
2109: – Volcanic eruption involving both steam and magma
497:
2120:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
2111:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1593:
Active maar volcanoes are mainly known outside Europe.
1539:
is a complex maar, and there is also a submarine maar (
1935:. Elsewhere a recent example, only 4000 years old, is
1695:
volcano. From South America, there are known maars in
1183:
1178:
1116:
1111:
1051:
1046:
984:
979:
915:
910:
845:
840:
775:
770:
706:
701:
642:
637:
1570:
period. The location of one such maar was Elie Ness.
1435:, and the associated eruption site of the Hagelskaule
2612:
2432:
2243:states that the word "maar" derives from the Latin
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2861:
2828:"Dunedin's 'Pompeii' to be mined to make pig food"
533:
326:is due to the explosive reaction that occurs when
231:geological sciences such as the term tuff ring or
1400:, crater lakes of the Mosenberg (Eifel)|Mosenberg
421:rocks blasted upward from great depths. Maars in
239:". A 2011 geological clarification of a maar is "
3379:
221:dialect word used for the circular lakes of the
2743:Bulletin of the Volcanological Society of Japan
1377:
530:and less obvious shapes and volcanic features.
2870:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
2392:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
2345:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
2163:(1488–1552) first applied the word "maar" (as
1919:has other easily accessible maars such as the
2948:
2179:(Basel, Switzerland: Heinrich Petri, 1544),
1963:, one of the three maars originally described
2844:
2553:(in German). Kreis Ahrweiler. Archived from
2535:Seetiefe der Maare bei mittlerem Wasserstand
2338:
2336:
2275:David S.G. Thomas and Andrew Goudie (eds.),
2271:
2269:
2219:might even have derived from the Latin word
1306:(NW of the Dürre Maar, smallest Eifel maar;
281:results when a maar lake dries out, becomes
2730:
2606:
2480:
2378:
2376:
2374:
246:
2955:
2941:
1476:and which is known for its well preserved
1459:
189:Maars range in size from 20 to 3,000
2544:
2474:
2382:
2333:
2290:
2266:
1864:, Australia, has numerous maars, such as
1806:. These include the several maars of the
1718:
1197:
989:Deepest and largest maar lake in Germany
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
2850:
2701:
2469:, The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham
2371:
1830:(Furumio, Mi'ike, Mizutamari, Shinmio).
1774:
1577:
1511:
1209:
1201:
512:
504:
496:
142:
127:
2825:
2652:
2538:
1767:formed as a result of a maar eruption.
1731:; further south maars occur in Africa (
1396:in the Manderscheid Volcano Group near
1362:Walsdorfer Maar ("Schilierwiese"; S of
1348:Steffelner Laach or "Laach Maar" (near
1296:Eigelbacher Maar (near Kopp, county of
3380:
2504:
2342:
2296:
2233:Herbert Lutz and Volker Lorenz (2013)
2198:(Mainz, (Germany): Kupferberg, 1819).
337:Maars occur in western North America,
2936:
2781:Tower Hill (Worn Gundidj Corporation)
2578:
2510:
1833:Koranga Maar and Numundo Maar are in
1321:= reed bed; N of the Immerather Maar)
445:, South America. and in the Sudanese
317:The largest known maars are found at
201:and rocks torn from the walls of the
3336:
2661:Vegetation History and Archaeobotany
2582:Volcanoes and the Making of Scotland
2568:Ungeklärte Herkunft des Rodder Maars
2277:The Dictionary of Physical Geography
2209:(London, England: Philipps, 1825),
2196:Geognostische Studien am Mittelrhein
2138:
1820:Myōkō-Togakushi Renzan National Park
427:Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
3360:
2819:
2794:
2572:
2529:
2385:"Maar-diatreme volcanoes: A review"
2383:White, J.D.L.; Ross, P.-S. (2011).
2247:(sea), as does the German language
1849:in the Philippines contains maars.
1770:
1531:in France contains numerous maars;
850:Shallowest of all Eifel maar lakes
647:Smallest permanent Eifel maar lake
365:, are maars. The Crocodile Lake in
186:, which may also be called a maar.
13:
2769:
289:. An example of the latter is the
14:
3414:
2916:
1558:Active maars were commonplace in
1549:Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Field
1507:
1455:, the origin of which is unclear
1366:; maar basin: c. 1150 m × 1000 m)
1300:; maar basin: c. 1200 m × 1200 m)
3359:
3347:
3335:
3324:
3323:
3094:
2890:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.03.010
2724:10.1046/j.1365-2451.1996.00006.x
2481:Treiman, A. (6 September 2003).
2412:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.01.010
2365:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.02.015
2279:(Oxford: Blackwell, 2000), 301.
2241:The American Heritage Dictionary
2147:According to German Knowledge's
2085:
2070:
2051:
2031:
2009:
1987:
1968:
1953:
1881:
1790:In Japan there are maars in the
1751:Volcanic Field in the Sudan and
1214:The Trockenmaar on the Hohe List
170:(an explosion which occurs when
30:
2695:
1747:-Volcanic Field, Ethiopia, the
1656:); as well as the maars of the
1417:Strohner Märchen (south of the
534:Water-filled maars of the Eifel
417:, as well as chunks of ancient
312:
41:needs additional citations for
2585:. Dunedin Academic Press Ltd.
2459:
2426:
2046:-rich clay on the crater floor
2038:El Muweilih Crater, a maar in
1121:Most recent maar in the Eifel
492:
1:
2962:
2899:
2826:Hancock, Farah (2019-05-10).
2491:Lunar and Planetary Institute
2260:
2153:article, in 1544 in his book
461:in the North Shore suburb of
357:and Hunt's Hole, in southern
254:, also referred to simply as
2639:10.1016/j.lithos.2016.08.001
2203:George Julius Poulett Scrope
2131:
1800:Kirishima-Yaku National Park
1442:, an almost entirely eroded
208:
174:comes into contact with hot
7:
2207:Considerations on Volcanoes
2175:. See: Sebastian Münster,
2100:
1573:
1216:(1 km SW of Schalkenmehren)
1206:Schalkenmehrener "dry" Maar
482:
10:
3419:
2911:USGS: Maars and tuff cones
2806:Victorian Resources Online
1946:
1837:. Kawah Masemo maar is on
1638:Death Valley National Park
1468:, a former maar lake near
1414:of the Laacher See volcano
487:
381:is another example, as is
18:
16:Low-relief volcanic crater
3319:
3261:
3103:
3092:
2970:
2906:USGS photo glossary: Maar
2681:10.1007/s00334-006-0046-x
1324:Gerolsteiner Maar (NE of
2998:Cryptovolcanic structure
2851:Beanland, Sarah (1981).
2777:"History & Heritage"
2579:Upton, B. G. J. (2015).
2465:C. Michael Hogan (2008)
1854:Newer Volcanics Province
1378:Broader use of the term
1369:Wollmerather Maar (near
1341:Schönfelder Maar (SW of
439:Pali-Aike Volcanic Field
330:comes into contact with
247:Maar lakes and dry maars
168:phreatomagmatic eruption
134:phreatomagmatic eruption
3279:Eruptions by death toll
2755:10.18940/kazan.59.4_255
2511:Meyer, Wilhelm (1986).
2299:Bulletin of Volcanology
2063:Potrillo volcanic field
1917:Auckland volcanic field
1587:Potrillo volcanic field
1553:Province of Ciudad Real
1460:Maars outside the Eifel
1425:which has become a maar
1268:Duppacher Weiher (near
451:Auckland volcanic field
2923:List of Maar Volcanoes
2854:The Rotokawau eruption
1808:Ibusuki volcanic field
1798:volcanic field in the
1787:
1719:Middle East and Africa
1590:
1566:, Scotland during the
1524:
1217:
1207:
1198:Dry maars of the Eifel
518:
510:
502:
341:in South America, the
152:
140:
3388:Depressions (geology)
2040:Bayuda volcanic field
1778:
1733:Bilate Volcanic Field
1581:
1515:
1502:Hammerunterwiesenthal
1480:. In addition in the
1390:Windsborn Crater Lake
1332:Schalkenmehrener Maar
1213:
1205:
1028:Schalkenmehrener Maar
995:Schalkenmehrener Maar
517:Schalkenmehrener Maar
516:
508:
500:
453:in the urban area of
447:Bayuda Volcanic Field
146:
131:
21:Maar (disambiguation)
1941:Bay of Plenty Region
1707:in northern Chile).
1149:50.17639°N 6.85028°E
1083:50.21000°N 6.98306°E
1017:50.16944°N 6.85806°E
947:50.13111°N 6.92611°E
878:50.10056°N 6.75639°E
808:50.12194°N 6.95861°E
780:Crossed by a stream
738:50.11917°N 6.87861°E
675:50.17750°N 6.83639°E
605:50.27194°N 6.56500°E
413:) of the underlying
149:Devil Mountain Lakes
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
2882:2018JVGR..356..211L
2716:1996GeolT..12...27G
2673:2007VegHA..16..329N
2631:2016Litho.264...70G
2551:Heimatjahrbuch 2006
2454:10.14430/arctic1184
2404:2011JVGR..201....1W
2357:2007JVGR..159..285L
2311:1986BVol...48..265L
1144: /
1078: /
1012: /
942: /
873: /
803: /
733: /
670: /
600: /
3398:Volcanic landforms
3274:Lists of volcanoes
3061:Subglacial volcano
3036:Pyroclastic shield
2513:Geologie der Eifel
2319:10.1007/BF01081755
2228:Geologie der Eifel
2017:El Elegante Crater
1843:Province of Laguna
1788:
1780:Blue Lake / Warwar
1757:Oku Volcanic Field
1630:Hole-in-the-Ground
1624:with the maars of
1614:Battle Ground Lake
1591:
1525:
1355:Dehner Maar (near
1313:Immerather Risch (
1279:Geeser Maar (E of
1218:
1208:
519:
511:
503:
219:Moselle Franconian
193:(66 to 9,800
153:
141:
3375:
3374:
3128:Basaltic andesite
3066:Submarine volcano
2928:La Vestide du Pal
2522:978-3-510-65127-6
2483:"Meteor Crater I"
2249:Universal Lexikon
2192:Johann Steininger
2161:Sebastian Münster
1856:in the States of
1845:on the island of
1786:, South Australia
1759:in Cameroon). In
1668:volcanic fields (
1658:White Rock Canyon
1474:Darmstadt-Dieburg
1472:in the county of
1315:Middle Low German
1235:Booser Doppelmaar
1227:(4 km SE of
1225:Mosbrucher Weiher
1195:
1194:
1154:50.17639; 6.85028
1088:50.21000; 6.98306
1022:50.16944; 6.85806
952:50.13111; 6.92611
883:50.10056; 6.75639
813:50.12194; 6.95861
743:50.11917; 6.87861
680:50.17750; 6.83639
610:50.27194; 6.56500
425:are found in the
301:(also called the
126:
125:
118:
100:
3410:
3403:Volcanic craters
3363:
3362:
3351:
3339:
3338:
3327:
3326:
3284:Decade Volcanoes
3262:Lists and groups
3253:Pyroclastic flow
3248:Pyroclastic fall
3098:
3031:Pyroclastic cone
2957:
2950:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2894:
2893:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2576:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2478:
2472:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2439:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2389:
2380:
2369:
2368:
2351:(1–3): 285–312.
2340:
2331:
2330:
2294:
2288:
2273:
2254:
2142:
2121:
2112:
2089:
2074:
2055:
2035:
2013:
1991:
1972:
1957:
1885:
1835:Papua New Guinea
1771:Asia and Oceania
1765:Al Wahbah crater
1188:Also called the
1185:
1180:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1118:
1113:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1053:
1048:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
986:
981:
966:
965:
963:
962:
961:
959:
954:
953:
948:
943:
940:
939:
938:
935:
917:
912:
897:
896:
894:
893:
892:
890:
885:
884:
879:
874:
871:
870:
869:
866:
847:
842:
827:
826:
824:
823:
822:
820:
815:
814:
809:
804:
801:
800:
799:
796:
777:
772:
757:
756:
754:
753:
752:
750:
745:
744:
739:
734:
731:
730:
729:
726:
708:
703:
694:
693:
691:
690:
689:
687:
682:
681:
676:
671:
668:
667:
666:
663:
644:
639:
624:
623:
621:
620:
619:
617:
612:
611:
606:
601:
598:
597:
596:
593:
574:
564:
554:
547:
538:
537:
431:British Columbia
429:of east-central
377:in northwestern
323:Seward Peninsula
159:is a broad, low-
136:that formed the
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3315:
3257:
3223:Tephriphonolite
3099:
3090:
3086:Harmonic tremor
2988:Complex volcano
2966:
2961:
2919:
2902:
2897:
2866:
2862:
2849:
2845:
2836:
2834:
2824:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2735:
2731:
2700:
2696:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2577:
2573:
2560:
2558:
2545:Wilhelm Meyer.
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2479:
2475:
2464:
2460:
2437:
2431:
2427:
2387:
2381:
2372:
2341:
2334:
2295:
2291:
2274:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2226:Wilhelm Meyer,
2143:
2139:
2134:
2119:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2090:
2081:
2075:
2066:
2056:
2047:
2036:
2027:
2014:
2005:
1992:
1983:
1973:
1964:
1961:Weinfelder Maar
1958:
1949:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1858:South Australia
1773:
1721:
1680:in New Mexico.
1622:Fort Rock basin
1576:
1547:in Greece. The
1537:Alban Mountains
1529:Chaîne des Puys
1521:Chaîne des Puys
1517:Gour de Tazenat
1510:
1462:
1453:Niederdürenbach
1438:Elfenmaar near
1433:volcanic crater
1383:
1241:; near Kelberg)
1215:
1200:
1160:Weinfelder Maar
1159:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1127:Weinfelder Maar
1093:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1001:
999:
998:
957:
955:
951:
949:
945:
944:
941:
936:
933:
931:
929:
928:
889:Meerfelder Maar
888:
886:
882:
880:
876:
875:
872:
867:
864:
862:
860:
859:
856:Meerfelder Maar
819:Immerather Maar
818:
816:
812:
810:
806:
805:
802:
797:
794:
792:
790:
789:
786:Immerather Maar
748:
746:
742:
740:
736:
735:
732:
727:
724:
722:
720:
719:
686:Gemündener Maar
685:
683:
679:
677:
673:
672:
669:
664:
661:
659:
657:
656:
653:Gemündener Maar
615:
613:
609:
607:
603:
602:
599:
594:
591:
589:
587:
586:
569:
568:
559:
558:
552:
551:
545:Geo-coordinates
543:
542:
536:
509:Weinfelder Maar
495:
490:
485:
315:
249:
211:
164:volcanic crater
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3416:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3357:
3345:
3333:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3299:Volcanic field
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3228:Trachyandesite
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3105:Volcanic rocks
3101:
3100:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3046:Shield volcano
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3026:Parasitic cone
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2918:
2917:External links
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2860:
2843:
2818:
2793:
2768:
2749:(4): 255–268.
2729:
2694:
2667:(4): 329–346.
2651:
2605:
2592:978-1780465418
2591:
2571:
2547:"Die Geologie"
2537:
2528:
2521:
2503:
2473:
2458:
2425:
2370:
2332:
2305:(5): 265–274.
2289:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2213:
2199:
2188:
2183:From p. 341:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2113:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2095:in New Zealand
2093:Lake Rotokawau
2091:
2084:
2082:
2076:
2069:
2067:
2057:
2050:
2048:
2037:
2030:
2028:
2021:Sonoran Desert
2015:
2008:
2006:
1993:
1986:
1984:
1974:
1967:
1965:
1959:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1937:Lake Rotokawau
1921:Mangere Lagoon
1888:
1887:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1772:
1769:
1720:
1717:
1678:Zuñi Salt Lake
1670:Kilbourne Hole
1646:Ubehebe Crater
1583:Kilbourne Hole
1575:
1572:
1509:
1508:Rest of Europe
1506:
1494:Randecker Maar
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1446:
1436:
1426:
1415:
1401:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1336:Schalkenmehren
1329:
1322:
1311:
1301:
1294:
1287:Eckfelder Maar
1284:
1277:
1266:
1256:
1245:Dreiser Weiher
1242:
1232:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1174:Schalkenmehren
1170:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1042:Schalkenmehren
1038:
991:
990:
987:
982:
977:
968:
921:
920:
918:
913:
908:
899:
852:
851:
848:
843:
838:
829:
782:
781:
778:
773:
768:
759:
712:
711:
709:
704:
699:
696:
649:
648:
645:
640:
635:
626:
579:
578:
575:
565:
555:
548:
535:
532:
523:Volcanic Eifel
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
383:Zuñi Salt Lake
371:carbon dioxide
363:El Paso, Texas
355:Kilbourne Hole
314:
311:
291:Eckfelder Maar
248:
245:
210:
207:
199:volcanic rocks
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3415:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3368:
3367:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3294:Volcanic belt
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:Phonotephrite
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3081:Volcanic cone
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3056:Stratovolcano
3054:
3052:
3051:Somma volcano
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3041:Rootless cone
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2953:
2951:
2946:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2856:
2855:
2847:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2704:Geology Today
2698:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2594:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2575:
2569:
2557:on 2016-05-25
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2532:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2462:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2398:(1–4): 1–29.
2397:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2337:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2285:0-631-20473-3
2282:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2126:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2094:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2078:Big Soda Lake
2073:
2068:
2065:of New Mexico
2064:
2060:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1999:Amhara Region
1996:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1981:Golan Heights
1978:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1933:Pukaki Lagoon
1930:
1929:Panmure Basin
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1866:Mount Gambier
1863:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1785:
1784:Mount Gambier
1781:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1729:Golan Heights
1726:
1716:
1714:
1711:is a maar in
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:Ukinrek maars
1594:
1589:of New Mexico
1588:
1584:
1580:
1571:
1569:
1568:Carboniferous
1565:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:Ore Mountains
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1444:stratovolcano
1441:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1423:volcanic pipe
1420:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1212:
1204:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1034:
996:
993:
992:
988:
983:
978:
976:
972:
969:
964:
926:
923:
922:
919:
914:
909:
907:
903:
900:
895:
857:
854:
853:
849:
844:
839:
837:
833:
830:
825:
787:
784:
783:
779:
774:
769:
767:
763:
760:
755:
717:
714:
713:
710:
705:
700:
697:
692:
654:
651:
650:
646:
641:
636:
634:
630:
627:
622:
584:
581:
580:
576:
573:
566:
563:
556:
549:
546:
540:
539:
531:
529:
524:
515:
507:
499:
480:
478:
477:impact crater
474:
473:Meteor Crater
470:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
324:
320:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
275:
273:
270:mountains of
269:
265:
264:precipitation
261:
258:, occur when
257:
253:
244:
242:
238:
234:
233:maar-diatreme
229:
224:
220:
217:comes from a
216:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
158:
150:
145:
139:
138:Ukinrek maars
135:
130:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
3364:
3352:
3340:
3328:
3289:Volcanic arc
3233:Trachybasalt
3071:Supervolcano
3015:
3003:Fissure vent
2873:
2869:
2863:
2853:
2846:
2835:. Retrieved
2831:
2821:
2809:. Retrieved
2805:
2802:"Tower Hill"
2796:
2784:. Retrieved
2780:
2771:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2710:(1): 27–30.
2707:
2703:
2697:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2644:16 September
2642:. Retrieved
2622:
2618:
2608:
2596:. Retrieved
2581:
2574:
2567:
2559:. Retrieved
2555:the original
2550:
2540:
2531:
2512:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2486:
2476:
2466:
2461:
2448:(1): 62–69,
2445:
2441:
2428:
2395:
2391:
2348:
2344:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2276:
2244:
2227:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2195:
2184:
2177:Cosmographia
2176:
2169:Ulmener Maar
2164:
2156:Cosmographia
2155:
2149:
2140:
1997:, a maar in
1995:Zengena Lake
1975:The maar at
1925:Orakei Basin
1901:Foulden Maar
1899:
1870:Mount Schank
1851:
1832:
1789:
1782:, a maar at
1761:Saudi Arabia
1727:lies on the
1723:The maar of
1722:
1682:
1662:Mount Taylor
1595:
1592:
1557:
1526:
1482:Swabian Jura
1463:
1440:Bad Bertrich
1410:, lake in a
1384:
1379:
1318:
1304:Hitsche Maar
1283:, N of Gees)
1219:
1189:
1094:Ulmener Maar
1061:Ulmener Maar
616:Eichholzmaar
583:Eichholzmaar
553:near/between
520:
467:
389:, a shallow
336:
316:
313:Distribution
302:
299:Eichholzmaar
278:
276:
255:
251:
250:
240:
236:
232:
214:
212:
188:
166:caused by a
156:
154:
132:The ten-day
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
3366:WikiProject
3309:polygenetic
3304:monogenetic
3183:Nephelinite
3138:Blairmorite
3113:Agglomerate
3021:Mud volcano
2993:Cryovolcano
2983:Cinder cone
2876:: 211–224.
2496:22 February
2173:Laacher See
2059:Hunt's Hole
1913:Lake Pupuke
1909:New Zealand
1839:Mount Sempu
1828:Izu Islands
1824:Miyake-jima
1705:Cerro Tujle
1701:Cerro Overo
1674:Hunt's Hole
1533:Lake Albano
1449:Rodder Maar
1408:Maria Laach
1404:Laacher See
1394:Hinkelsmaar
1345:-Schönfeld)
1259:Dürres Maar
1249:Dreis-Brück
1152: /
1086: /
1020: /
950: /
881: /
836:Strotzbüsch
811: /
741: /
678: /
608: /
493:Eifel maars
459:Lake Pupuke
419:crystalline
391:saline lake
373:-saturated
260:groundwater
184:crater lake
172:groundwater
3382:Categories
3208:Rhyodacite
3158:Ignimbrite
3133:Benmoreite
2900:Literature
2837:2019-05-10
2561:2016-01-21
2261:References
1977:Birkat Ram
1915:, but the
1893:Tower Hill
1874:Tower Hill
1812:Lake Unagi
1725:Birket Ram
1709:Jayu Khota
1689:Guanajuato
1654:Soda Lakes
1642:California
1634:Table Rock
1610:Washington
1606:Bering Sea
1486:Albvorland
1466:Messel pit
1429:Papenkaule
1419:Pulvermaar
1398:Bettenfeld
1371:Wollmerath
1326:Gerolstein
1281:Gerolstein
1274:Gerolstein
1263:Gillenfeld
1172:Gemünden,
1158: (
1136:50°10′35″N
1092: (
1070:50°12′36″N
1040:Gemünden,
1026: (
1004:50°10′10″N
971:Gillenfeld
958:Pulvermaar
956: (
925:Pulvermaar
902:Deudesfeld
887: (
817: (
766:Gillenfeld
747: (
684: (
662:50°10′39″N
614: (
592:50°16′19″N
435:kimberlite
399:wall rocks
387:New Mexico
359:New Mexico
345:region of
332:permafrost
303:Gussweiher
252:Maar lakes
76:newspapers
3193:Phonolite
3178:Leucitite
3163:Komatiite
3011:Lava dome
3007:Lava cone
2964:Volcanoes
2857:(Thesis).
2763:0453-4360
2689:129220670
2625:: 70–85.
2598:14 August
2467:Pali Aike
2420:0377-0273
2327:128423499
2201:In 1825,
2190:In 1819,
2167:) to the
2132:Footnotes
2116:Tuff cone
2107:Tuff ring
2080:in Nevada
2042:, Sudan:
1792:Kirishima
1753:Lake Nyos
1737:Haro Maja
1685:Michoacán
1545:Santorini
1343:Stadtkyll
1190:Totenmaar
1073:6°58′59″E
1007:6°51′29″E
937:6°55′34″E
934:50°7′52″N
868:6°45′23″E
798:6°57′31″E
795:50°7′19″N
728:6°52′43″E
665:6°50′11″E
595:6°33′54″E
443:Patagonia
411:limestone
403:sandstone
397:lava and
375:Lake Nyos
367:Los Baños
339:Patagonia
319:Espenberg
287:silted up
213:The name
209:Etymology
3330:Category
3238:Trachyte
3213:Rhyolite
3188:Obsidian
3118:Andesite
2832:Newsroom
2171:and the
2101:See also
2003:Ethiopia
1862:Victoria
1810:such as
1741:Butajiri
1693:Apoyeque
1666:Potrillo
1626:Big Hole
1574:Americas
1523:, France
1484:and the
1364:Walsdorf
1350:Steffeln
1272:, NW of
1139:6°51′1″E
975:Immerath
906:Meerfeld
865:50°6′2″N
832:Immerath
749:Holzmaar
725:50°7′9″N
716:Holzmaar
698:Gemünden
633:Steffeln
577:Remarks
550:Location
483:Examples
463:Takapuna
455:Auckland
415:diatreme
395:basaltic
379:Cameroon
295:Steffeln
283:aggraded
279:dry maar
203:diatreme
106:May 2024
3342:Commons
3269:Hotspot
3168:Lapilli
3153:Felsite
2978:Caldera
2878:Bibcode
2811:9 March
2786:9 March
2712:Bibcode
2669:Bibcode
2627:Bibcode
2400:Bibcode
2353:Bibcode
2307:Bibcode
2211:p. 166.
2181:p. 341.
2144:Notes:
2125:Caldera
2061:in the
1947:Gallery
1939:in the
1755:in the
1739:in the
1713:Bolivia
1676:), and
1604:in the
1602:Nunivak
1585:in the
1564:Lothian
1543:) near
1541:Kolumbo
1535:in the
1490:Miocene
1478:fossils
1412:caldera
1310:= 60 m)
1291:Eckfeld
1270:Duppach
1261:(SW of
1251:, N of
1229:Kelberg
762:Eckfeld
629:Duppach
528:erosion
521:In the
488:Germany
469:Arizona
433:and in
351:Ardèche
347:Germany
321:on the
297:is the
293:. Near
272:Germany
90:scholar
3354:Portal
3218:Tephra
3203:Pumice
3173:Latite
3148:Dacite
3143:Cinder
3123:Basalt
3076:Tossol
2761:
2687:
2619:Lithos
2589:
2519:
2442:Arctic
2418:
2325:
2283:
2150:"Maar"
2044:Natron
2025:México
1979:, the
1931:, and
1816:Honshu
1804:Kyushu
1749:Bayuda
1699:(e.g.
1664:, the
1650:Nevada
1648:); in
1636:); in
1618:Oregon
1616:); in
1608:); in
1470:Messel
1334:E (of
1289:(near
1247:(W of
1237:(W of
449:. The
423:Canada
161:relief
92:
85:
78:
71:
65:"Maar"
63:
3393:Maars
2971:Types
2685:S2CID
2438:(PDF)
2388:(PDF)
2323:S2CID
2019:, in
1905:Otago
1847:Luzon
1814:. On
1745:Silti
1697:Chile
1500:near
1451:near
1406:near
1357:Reuth
1319:risch
1107:Ulmen
980:38.48
567:Depth
407:shale
361:near
343:Eifel
328:magma
268:Eifel
256:maars
228:magma
180:magma
97:JSTOR
83:books
3243:Tuff
3016:Maar
2813:2020
2788:2020
2759:ISSN
2646:2022
2600:2019
2587:ISBN
2517:ISBN
2498:2024
2416:ISSN
2281:ISBN
2245:mare
2221:mare
2217:maar
2165:Marh
1872:and
1860:and
1852:The
1796:Yaku
1763:the
1735:and
1703:and
1687:and
1672:and
1562:and
1560:Fife
1527:The
1431:, a
1392:and
1380:maar
1298:Daun
1253:Daun
1239:Boos
1184:51.0
1179:16.8
1117:37.0
1052:21.0
1047:21.6
985:72.0
916:17.0
911:24.0
776:21.0
707:39.0
557:Area
541:Name
307:bogs
223:Daun
215:maar
176:lava
157:maar
147:The
69:news
2886:doi
2874:356
2751:doi
2720:doi
2677:doi
2635:doi
2623:264
2566:zu
2450:doi
2408:doi
2396:201
2361:doi
2349:159
2315:doi
1903:in
1818:in
1802:on
1421:),
1112:6.0
846:2.9
841:6.0
771:6.8
702:7.2
643:3.2
638:1.1
570:in
560:in
471:'s
441:in
385:in
285:or
262:or
243:".
178:or
52:by
3384::
2884:.
2872:.
2830:.
2804:.
2779:.
2757:.
2747:59
2745:.
2741:.
2718:.
2708:12
2706:.
2683:.
2675:.
2665:16
2663:.
2633:.
2621:.
2617:.
2549:.
2489:.
2485:.
2446:49
2444:,
2440:,
2414:.
2406:.
2394:.
2390:.
2373:^
2359:.
2347:.
2335:^
2321:.
2313:.
2303:48
2301:.
2268:^
2159:,
2023:,
2001:,
1943:.
1927:,
1923:,
1907:,
1868:,
1826:,
1715:.
1660:,
1640:,
1632:,
1628:,
1600:,
1555:.
1519:,
1317::
973:,
904:,
834:,
828:)
764:,
631:,
562:ha
479:.
465:.
409:,
405:,
277:A
274:.
205:.
195:ft
155:A
2956:e
2949:t
2942:v
2892:.
2888::
2880::
2840:.
2815:.
2790:.
2765:.
2753::
2726:.
2722::
2714::
2691:.
2679::
2671::
2648:.
2637::
2629::
2602:.
2564:.
2525:.
2500:.
2452::
2422:.
2410::
2402::
2367:.
2363::
2355::
2329:.
2317::
2309::
2287:.
2251:.
1794:-
1743:-
1652:(
1644:(
1620:(
1612:(
1373:)
1359:)
1352:)
1338:)
1328:)
1308:Ø
1293:)
1276:)
1265:)
1255:)
1231:)
1169:)
1162:)
1129:(
1103:)
1096:)
1063:(
1037:)
1030:)
997:(
967:)
960:)
927:(
898:)
891:)
858:(
821:)
788:(
758:)
751:)
718:(
695:)
688:)
655:(
625:)
618:)
585:(
572:m
401:(
191:m
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
