393:
44:
423:
prosecution's argument that the pollution in the river would not have posed a risk to the athletes if the bridge had not collapsed. The defense, in turn, argued that the police should have shared responsibility in the collapse, as they had approved the building permit, were charged with limiting the number of people on the bridge to 150 at one time, and had possibly driven a police vehicle across the bridge the day before the opening ceremony.
2083:
153:
highly-paid management position in 2002. In 2004, after lengthy lawsuit delays, the deceased and the injured were awarded close to $ 20 million in damages. The disaster highlighted environmental problems in Israel, especially with regard to its rivers and waterways, prompting clean-up efforts. A full
Australian team returned to the games in 2005 and participated in a riverside ceremony unveiling a memorial to the victims of the collapse.
461:
2095:
499:
2071:
491:
Australian media. In spite of protests from the
Australian Jewish community about Eyal's continued involvement with the games, the MWU declined to separate him from the organization. When asked about Eyal's status in July 2007, MWU President Jeanne Futeran stated, "He's a good guy; he doesn't deserve to be further hassled over what happened. He's never forgiven himself; he never will forgive himself."
51:
369:
did not meet
Israeli government standards, which required a pedestrian bridge to support 500 kg per square metre. In any event, the Dotan investigation found that the bridge was far weaker than what Bar-Ilan claimed. Furthermore, a municipal permit was required to construct the bridge, which Karagula and Ben-Ezra did not obtain. The municipality in which the bridge was constructed was
194:, was attended by 50,000 people and featured hundreds of dancers, dazzling sound and light displays, and was broadcast on Israeli television. As at past games, a temporary footbridge, 60 feet long and 18 feet wide, was constructed across the nearby Yarkon River to allow competitors to march into the stadium during the ceremony from an assembly area on the other side of the river.
255:
329:, immediately convened a public commission, chaired by Yishai Dotan, to investigate the collapse. Israel Police also conducted its own investigation. The Dotan Commission released its findings on the 23rd of July, 1997. The commission found that the Maccabiah Games' organising committee, led by Yoram Eyal, had departed from the usual practice of paying the
149:. One athlete died in the collapse and three died afterwards due to infections caused by exposure to the polluted river water. A subsequent investigation found that negligent shortcuts had been taken in the bridge's construction, mandatory permits and oversight had not been obtained, and the bridge's construction did not meet government requirements.
373:. Zvi Bar, Ramat Gan's mayor and head of the city planning division which issued construction permits, was a member of the Maccabiah committee that helped select Irgunit. Bar apparently did not ensure that Irgunit, Karagula, or Ben-Ezra obtained the necessary permit and made no effort to ensure that the bridge as constructed was safe.
219:, chose to continue with the opening ceremony, but canceled the remainder of the march of the national teams into the stadium. Israeli television maintained live coverage, switching back and forth between the frantic rescue efforts outside the stadium and the festive dancing and light shows inside. Weizman and Israeli Prime Minister
29:
313:, a rare but serious cause of pneumonia and disseminated infection subsequent to near-drowning accidents. This species of fungus, typically found in stagnant or polluted water, is resistant to nearly all available drug therapies. Disseminated infection can spread to the brain, kidneys, heart, and thyroid.
566:
The
Knesset report stated that if Bakalarz refused to resign, then the Israeli government should cease funding the MWU. Several years later, Bakalarz was hired as general manager/chairman of the board (sources differ on title) of Kfar Maccabiah Village, the headquarters for MWU and accommodations for
534:
Gregory Small is misidentified as "Smalls" in some sources. His wife, Suzanne, broke her ankle and dislocated her shoulder in the collapse. Two of the injured were police who dived into the river to rescue survivors. A male member of the table tennis team broke both of his legs. The uninjured members
494:
Australia sent a full team of 543 athletes to the
Maccabiah Games in July 2005, almost a quarter of whom were present at the 1997 bridge collapse. The Australian delegation requested that Eyal not be seated in the president's box during the opening ceremony when the team entered the stadium. Although
456:
The bridge accident highlighted Israel's environmental issues, especially pollution in the nation's rivers and waterways. Said Dror Avisar, chief hydrologist for the Israel Union for
Environmental Defense, shortly after the collapse, "Almost every major river inside Israel is polluted." The pollution
368:
According to Zycher, Mishori kept $ 7,700 of the payment and gave the rest to
Karagula and Ben-Ezra to erect the bridge. Karagula and Ben-Ezra hired Bar-Ilan to design and oversee the bridge's construction. Bar-Ilan claimed that his bridge as designed would support 250 kg per square metre, which
435:
The families of the athletes who were killed, plus Sasha
Elterman and 50 others injured in the collapse, sued MWU for damages in 1999. Progress in the lawsuits was initially delayed by a dispute among the parties over who should bear liability, which was resolved by the criminal court convictions in
426:
On April 17, 2000, the three-judge panel of the court found all five defendants guilty of causing death by negligence. The defendants were sentenced on June 5, 2000. Bar-Ilan was sentenced to one year and nine months in prison, plus a suspended sentence of 21 months. Ben-Ezra and
Karagula were given
316:
After Zines' death, one athlete, tennis player Sasha
Elterman, 15, remained in critical condition at Schneider Children's Medical Centre in Petah Tikva. Elterman underwent 18 surgeries in the six months after the collapse, 13 of them brain surgeries. In total, she received 28 brain surgeries and two
422:
Doctor Natan Keller testified that normally the Yarkon River water would not have posed a hazard to humans. Keller stated that it was the collapse of the bridge and the thrashing of the people in the water which had agitated the fungus from the river bottom where it normally resided, supporting the
468:
Embarrassed by the negative publicity about the pollution, the Israeli government, in conjunction with other national environmental-improvement initiatives, cleaned-up portions of the Yarkon River via the Yarkon River Rehabilitation and Wetlands Project. Citizens groups assisted with the endeavor,
356:
The commission concluded that the bridge's engineer, Micha Bar-Ilan, did not submit a blueprint for the bridge, designed a bridge that was inadequate for its intended use, and did not properly supervise or coordinate the bridge's construction. The commission faulted the Maccabiah Games' organizers
211:
Other athletes, bystanders, event staff, soldiers, and police leapt into the river to rescue the fallen. About 20 ambulances were rushed to the scene and helicopters with spotlights and divers were sent in to assist in rescue efforts. Due to the Yarkon River's banks being steep and muddy, rescuers
152:
Five people, including the engineer who designed the bridge and the chair of the Tel Aviv Games Organising Committee, were convicted of recklessly causing death and injury. Four served prison sentences. The fifth, the committee chairman, served a term of community service and was reappointed to a
352:
Irgunit sub-contracted the bridge's construction to Baruch Karagula and Yehoshua Ben-Ezra (also known as "Ben-Ezra Construction"). The commission found that Karagula and Ezra were not licensed to build bridges, had never attempted to build a bridge, and used substandard materials in the bridge's
490:
In 2002, MWU reinstated Yoram Eyal as an executive official and as general manager of the Kfar Maccabiah Village in Ramat Gan, with an annual salary of US$ 120,000. The village served as headquarters for MWU and the athletes' village for the games. Eyal refused all requests to be interviewed by
364:
reported that the IDF had employed Tamir Rowner, an experienced bridge construction engineer, to build previous bridges for the games. For the 1997 games, Maccabiah officials, apparently unwilling to pay the IDF's price of $ 111,000, accepted a bid from Irgunit to build the bridge for $ 34,750.
317:
lung operations. Elterman ultimately survived her ordeal, but her lungs permanently lost 40% of their capacity and she suffered from periodic convulsions. Ten other athletes who returned to Australia shortly after the accident were admitted to hospitals with respiratory problems, but recovered.
207:
team, consisted of the 373 members of the Australian delegation. As the Australian athletes, in parallel rows of six, crossed the river, the bridge's support beams at roughly mid-span snapped, plunging around 100 of the Australians eight metres into the river below. Several of the fallen were
447:
District Court eventually awarded the claimants almost $ US20 million in compensation, with the last judgement and payment made in 2004. The court ruled that the games' insurance provider, Phoenix Insurance Company, was liable for about two-thirds of the amount, with the Israeli government
506:
At the 2005 games, a memorial for the victims was unveiled at the site of the collapse, including a permanent footbridge, dubbed "Bridge of Remembrance", and a stone marker with the names of those who died. Family members of three of the deceased attended the ceremony.
481:
was upgraded, a wetland was created to naturally treat wastewater, and small dams were constructed to help aerate the water to allow fish to live in more sections of the river. In addition, parks and bicycle trails were constructed along sections of the river banks.
208:
forcibly submerged in the 1.6-metre deep river by the weight of falling athletes above them. Dozens struggled to get out of the river, and many linked arms to form a human chain to pull each other out. Some of the fallen were caught in the bridge's twisted beams.
202:
As scheduled during the opening ceremony, the participating athletes, teamed with their respective national delegations, began to cross the bridge and enter the stadium in alphabetical order. The second nation to cross the bridge, following the
495:
the MWU responded that Eyal had a right to attend the ceremony in an official capacity, Eyal acceded to the Australians' request. The Australian team declined to stay at the Maccabiah athletes' village for the duration of the 2005 games.
246:, was dead on arrival, apparently as a result of injuries or drowning caused by the fall. The remaining survivors did not appear to have sustained life-threatening injuries. Their injuries included broken bones and water inhalation.
186:, held in 1997 and billed as the third largest sporting event in the world, included 5,300 participants from 56 nations competing in 38 athletic events. The opening ceremony on July 14 at 8 p.m. (local time), held at
567:
athletes. In 1999 the MWU also issued its own investigative report into the accident. The report was criticized by members of the Australian Jewish community, who said that it whitewashed MWU's culpability.
384:. In 2000, in response to the commission's findings and after continued calls for their removal by the Australian Jewish community, MWU president Ron Bakalarz and chairman Uzi Netanel resigned.
518:
was dedicated at Melbourne's main Jewish cemetery, where four trees were planted in memory of the deceased. Memorial ceremonies have since continued to be held periodically at the bridge site.
427:
15-months in prison, plus suspended sentences of two years. Mishori served nine months in prison, plus a suspended sentence of 15 months. Eyal was sentenced to six months' community service.
514:
and MWU Director-General Eyal Tiberger. In Australia, prayer services were held at synagogues in Melbourne, Sydney, Perth, Brisbane and the Gold Coast and a memorial made of
620:
293:
and oil, had been sprayed on the surface of the Yarkon to suppress mosquitoes. Subsequent lab tests, however, found no traces of the substance in the sick athletes.
2187:
2034:
510:
In 2007 on the tenth anniversary of the collapse, a memorial service was held at the Bridge of Remembrance. In attendance was Australian Ambassador to Israel
2192:
1697:
457:
in the waterways, including the Yarkon, was mainly due to untreated sewage and storm runoff, hazardous chemicals, industrial waste, and other pollutants."
965:
470:
300:
team, died July 26 from complications from infection. Bowler Warren Zines, 54, died on August 10, 1997, of severe respiratory-tract infection at
2003:
179:. The games include competitions for adults and for junior athletes aged 15 to 18, and are open to all Israelis and Jews from around the world.
1257:
281:
at Tel Aviv Medical Centre, wondered whether a toxin might be the culprit behind the infections. He contacted David Pargament, chief of the
33:
Rescuers search for victims from Australia's athletic delegation shortly after the collapse of the pedestrian bridge into the Yarkon River.
1107:
646:
353:
construction. Photographs taken after the collapse showed that the bridge was constructed of rusty metal pipes bound together with wire.
1668:
2108:
1606:
1009:
557:
Rowner had already begun designing the 1997 bridge. As designed, Rowner's bridge would have been able to support 650 people at a time.
1230:
1017:
973:
334:
408:
and for building without proper permits. Citing the pending indictment, Eyal resigned from the MWU. On March 15, 1998, in Tel Aviv
1819:
2172:
2167:
1387:"Maccabiah bridge defendants deny guilt.Contractors, Eyal plead innocent to causing death by negligence in fatal bridge collapse"
831:
809:
43:
1222:
1790:
223:
departed immediately upon the end of the ceremony to visit the victims in hospital and the games were suspended for 24 hours.
1322:
680:
1881:
2157:
1481:
1386:
1350:
929:
716:
2212:
2182:
1827:
1549:
1293:
172:
1849:
862:
2207:
2152:
1087:
630:
333:(IDF) to construct the bridge. Instead, in an apparent effort to reduce costs, Eyal contracted with a company called
409:
235:
296:
Bowler Yetty Bennett, 50, died later that day from asphyxia. Elizabeth Sawicki, 47, a member of the delegation's
171:(MWU) and first staged in 1932, is an athletic event held every four years in Tel Aviv, Israel, to celebrate the
1513:
141:
on July 14, 1997. The collapse of the temporary metal and wooden structure killed four and injured more than 60
2202:
2197:
2177:
212:
had to use ropes to descend to the water's edge. Inside the stadium, Israeli government officials, including
779:
1145:
898:
477:. In 2004, the Israeli government provided $ 100 million for the project. Among other measures, the local
1521:
1044:
2162:
2061:
478:
473:
organization which was founded by Australian Phillip Foxman, who witnessed the 1997 disaster, and the
1888:
1797:
1675:
1488:
1329:
1300:
1264:
1235:
1115:
1022:
978:
869:
326:
282:
2147:
309:
657:
262:
Within an hour or two of admission to the hospital, a number of victims began to show signs of
191:
750:
330:
1469:(June 5, 2000). "Five Israelis Sentenced in Maccabiah Disaster Trial" (News agency article).
1424:(April 17, 2000). "5 Israelis Convicted in Maccabiah Bridge Disaster" (News agency article).
286:
474:
301:
227:
183:
412:
all five pleaded not guilty. Final arguments in the trial were presented in October 1999.
337:, headed by Adam Mishori, to construct the bridge. Irgunit's traditional business was the
8:
405:
278:
213:
168:
400:
Based on the findings of the Dotan and police investigations, Israel's attorney general
1466:
1421:
1183:
401:
342:
267:
220:
392:
1153:
1083:
906:
626:
404:
brought criminal charges against Eyal, Mishori, Karagula, Ben-Ezra, and Bar-Ilan for
187:
2087:
1436:
1141:
381:
338:
307:
An autopsy of Zines finally identified the source of the infections as the fungus
1355:
515:
437:
297:
162:
146:
145:
athletes and other team delegates who were visiting Israel to participate in the
1911:"Maccabiah official convicted over bridge disaster accedes to Australian demand"
2042:
2011:
1857:
1705:
1614:
1544:
1444:
1396:
1391:
1360:
1052:
939:
934:
839:
787:
724:
688:
419:
416:
274:
blood vessels. By the next morning, seven athletes were in critical condition.
1082:. Vol. 1 (5th ed.). Churchill Livingstone. p. 1017 & 2773.
1078:
Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases
1076:
2141:
2123:
2110:
2099:
176:
576:
Eyal also resigned as MWU's representative to the Israeli Olympic committee.
535:
of the Australian team elected to remain in Israel and compete in the games.
28:
2075:
511:
216:
130:
87:
1973:"Maccabiah 2005 / Maccabiah Bridge Disaster Memorial to Be Unveiled Today"
545:
231:
1258:"Australian Athletes Tell of Trauma After '97 Maccabiah Games Disaster"
266:. Doctors discovered that an unidentified organism was attacking their
440:, the Australians only sent 65 athletes to the 2001 Maccabiah games.
436:
2000. Due to the ongoing litigation, plus security concerns from the
370:
142:
1972:
1941:
1910:
1759:
1728:
1637:
1572:
751:"Two dead, 64 injured in bridge collapse at games' opening ceremony"
460:
1437:"Microbiologist in Maccabiah trial: Yarkon River water not harmful"
1074:
Mandell, Gerald L.; Bennett, John E.; Dolin, Raphael, eds. (2000).
966:"Wound still festers 10 years after Maccabiah Games bridge tragedy"
290:
263:
134:
91:
498:
1980:
1949:
1918:
1767:
1736:
1645:
1580:
377:
239:
204:
622:
Pollution in a Promised Land: An Environmental History of Israel
357:
for poor coordination and oversight over the bridge's assembly.
2070:
2004:"Grapevine: 20th anniversary of a tragedy caused by negligence"
346:
243:
138:
95:
1729:"JNF Honors Memory of Australian Victims of Maccabiah Tragedy"
548:
and at the time had dual Australian-United States citizenship.
380:
commissioned an independent inquiry into the collapse, led by
1191:
444:
361:
304:. Zines was the fourth and final fatality from the accident.
129:
was the catastrophic failure of a pedestrian bridge over the
1698:"JNF Australia Leadership Visits Yarkon Restoration Project"
810:"Maccabiah tragedy: We lost the biggest moment of our lives"
1760:"Aussie Jews Launch Fundraiser to Help Rehabilitate Yarkon"
271:
1010:"Israeli court convicts five in Maccabiah bridge disaster"
254:
1545:"Five men face jail over Maccabiah Games bridge collapse"
899:"Bridge Collapse Casts Light on Israel's Troubled Waters"
2035:"KKL-JNF Dedicates Memorial to Yarkon Maccabiah Victims"
1788:
1479:
1320:
1255:
190:
and designed to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the
175:, and to demonstrate the unity and athleticism of the
2059:
1146:"4 Sentenced in Fatal 1997 Bridge Collapse in Israel"
1669:"Clean Up Israel founder accused of illegal dumping"
1351:"Israeli Games Organizers Quit Over Bridge Collapse"
1223:"Maccabiah bridge collapse blame falls far and wide"
1073:
285:, who explained that 36 hours before the collapse,
1465:
1420:
1075:
1139:
832:"Israelis Turn Self-Critical As Mishap Kills Two"
2139:
930:"Maccabiah bridge collapse claims fourth victim"
625:. University of California Press. pp. 1–4.
1434:
1428:
1182:Zycher, Augustine (July 25 – August 7, 1997).
1042:
777:
681:"2 Die at Games in Israel as Bridge Collapses"
2188:Bridge disasters caused by construction error
1635:
1480:Jewish Telegraph Agency (February 17, 1999).
362:Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council
360:An investigation by Augustine Zycher for the
345:. The company had never designed nor built a
2193:Bridge disasters caused by engineering error
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1135:
1133:
825:
823:
748:
674:
672:
670:
1850:"Water Crisis and the Yarkon River Project"
892:
890:
888:
886:
1321:Jewish Telegraph Agency (August 7, 2000).
485:
1660:
1278:
1231:J. The Jewish News of Northern California
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1130:
1018:J. The Jewish News of Northern California
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
974:The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles
927:
921:
829:
820:
678:
667:
310:Scedosporium (ex. Pseudoalleschia) boydii
1879:
1873:
1789:Jewish Telegraph Agency (May 11, 2004).
1666:
1600:
1598:
1291:
1256:Jewish Telegraph Agency (June 1, 2000).
1101:
1099:
963:
957:
896:
883:
860:
854:
744:
742:
717:"First-Hand Report of Maccabiah Tragedy"
710:
708:
706:
639:
560:
538:
497:
459:
391:
253:
2032:
2001:
1995:
1695:
1636:Levy-Barzilai, Vered (August 1, 2001).
1514:"Maccabiah victims to get final payout"
1507:
1505:
1459:
1414:
1108:"Mixed emotions at death bridge return"
928:Tepperman, Jonathan (August 11, 1997).
451:
325:Israel's deputy minister of education,
50:
2140:
1964:
1933:
1842:
1757:
1751:
1570:
1564:
1542:
1536:
1294:"Maccabiah bridge collapse remembered"
1207:
1181:
1168:
992:
773:
771:
714:
614:
612:
551:
1970:
1939:
1908:
1902:
1882:"Families of Maccabiah victims upset"
1726:
1720:
1629:
1607:"Israel's rivers: Back from the dead"
1604:
1595:
1385:Beck, Galit Lipkis (April 16, 1998).
1220:
1105:
1096:
1067:
1036:
1007:
739:
703:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
528:
2002:Cashman, Greer Fay (July 13, 2017).
1782:
1511:
1502:
1384:
1378:
1343:
1314:
1249:
897:Trounson, Rebecca (August 9, 1997).
570:
339:construction of props and stage sets
2026:
1828:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1817:
1811:
1758:Berman, Daphna (January 21, 2005).
1689:
1550:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1473:
1359:. December 22, 1997. Archived from
863:"Maccabiah survivor beats the odds"
768:
618:
13:
1512:Labi, Sharon (February 10, 2004).
830:Schmemann, Serge (July 18, 1997).
679:Schmemann, Serge (July 15, 1997).
656:. November 5, 2009. Archived from
647:"18th Maccabiah Basic Regulations"
589:
167:The Maccabiah Games, organized by
14:
2224:
1971:Halle, Charlotte (July 8, 2005).
1940:Halle, Charlotte (July 8, 2005).
1909:Halle, Charlotte (July 6, 2007).
1880:Benjamin, Henry (July 28, 2002).
861:Goldberg, Dan (August 12, 2008).
778:New York Times (March 16, 1998).
387:
320:
226:The injured were taken to nearby
2093:
2081:
2069:
1727:Rinat, Zafrir (April 27, 2009).
1667:Goldberg, Dan (April 12, 2011).
1605:Picow, Maurice (June 11, 2010).
1043:New York Times (July 27, 1997).
715:Slater, Chuck (August 3, 1997).
236:Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center
49:
42:
27:
1571:Mualem, Mazal (July 16, 2001).
1435:Jerusalem Post (June 3, 1998).
1292:Goldberg, Dan (July 15, 2007).
1008:Segal, Naomi (April 21, 2000).
964:Goldberg, Dan (July 19, 2007).
448:responsible for the remainder.
2173:Environmental issues in Israel
1543:Palmer, Tim (April 18, 2000).
1221:Segal, Naomi (July 25, 1997).
802:
1:
1823:(Radio news digest broadcast)
1106:Baker, Jordan (May 7, 2005).
780:"5 Deny Guilt in Bridge Fall"
749:DAFNA LINZER (16 July 1997).
583:
249:
156:
117:4 Australian athletes killed,
1818:May, Jackie (May 29, 2004).
277:Patrick Surkin, who ran the
238:. One, Gregory Small, 37, a
7:
2158:Transport disasters in 1997
1522:Australian Associated Press
544:Sasha Elterman was born in
430:
406:causing death by negligence
197:
10:
2229:
2213:Disasters in sports venues
2183:Bridge disasters in Israel
2168:Australia–Israel relations
479:wastewater treatment plant
160:
2124:32.1018444°N 34.8234000°E
2033:KKL-JNF (July 21, 2013).
1889:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1798:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1696:KKL-JNF (April 6, 2011).
1676:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1489:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1330:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1301:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1265:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1236:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1194:(Australia/Israel Review)
1116:The Sydney Morning Herald
1045:"Death Tied to Pollution"
1023:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
979:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
870:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
127:Maccabiah bridge collapse
111:
101:
81:
71:
38:
26:
22:Maccabiah bridge collapse
21:
2208:July 1997 events in Asia
2153:1997 disasters in Israel
521:
486:Aftermath and memorials
258:Tel Aviv Medical Centre
2129:32.1018444; 34.8234000
503:
465:
397:
287:mosquito larvicide oil
283:Yarkon River Authority
259:
192:First Zionist Congress
2203:1997 in Israeli sport
1885:(News agency article)
1794:(News agency article)
1672:(News agency article)
1573:"The Fears Came Back"
1485:(News agency article)
1326:(News agency article)
1297:(News agency article)
1261:(News agency article)
1226:(News agency article)
1013:(News agency article)
969:(News agency article)
866:(News agency article)
502:Bridge of Remembrance
501:
463:
395:
331:Israel Defense Forces
257:
161:Further information:
2198:Sports controversies
2178:1997 Maccabiah Games
1942:"Tale of a Survivor"
1184:"The Bridge too far"
1140:Los Angeles Times, (
475:Jewish National Fund
464:Yarkon River in 2010
452:Environmental issues
302:Sheba Medical Center
184:15th Maccabiah Games
2120: /
2038:(Newspaper article)
2007:(Newspaper article)
1976:(Newspaper article)
1945:(Newspaper article)
1914:(Newspaper article)
1853:(Newspaper article)
1763:(Newspaper article)
1732:(Newspaper article)
1701:(Newspaper article)
1641:(Newspaper article)
1638:"Beside Ill Waters"
1610:(Newspaper article)
1576:(Newspaper article)
1517:(Newspaper article)
1440:(Newspaper article)
1402:on October 26, 2012
1400:(Newspaper article)
1366:on October 19, 2018
1364:(Newspaper article)
1149:(Newspaper article)
1111:(Newspaper article)
1048:(Newspaper article)
945:on October 26, 2012
943:(Newspaper article)
902:(Newspaper article)
835:(Newspaper article)
783:(Newspaper article)
720:(Newspaper article)
684:(Newspaper article)
343:theatre productions
279:intensive care unit
268:respiratory systems
169:Maccabi World Union
107:Faulty construction
1467:Xinhua News Agency
1422:Xinhua News Agency
1144:) (June 6, 2000).
619:Tal, Alon (2002).
504:
466:
415:During the trial,
402:Elyakim Rubinstein
398:
396:Elyakim Rubinstein
260:
228:Beilinson Hospital
221:Benjamin Netanyahu
173:Zionist Revolution
16:Disaster in Israel
2163:1997 in Australia
1187:(Journal article)
1154:Los Angeles Times
907:Los Angeles Times
188:Ramat Gan Stadium
123:
122:
2220:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2074:
2073:
2065:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2039:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2008:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1977:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1946:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1915:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1854:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1824:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1764:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1733:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1702:
1693:
1687:
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1684:
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1673:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
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1642:
1633:
1627:
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1622:
1611:
1602:
1593:
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1529:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1499:
1497:
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1477:
1471:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1456:
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1452:
1441:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1395:. Archived from
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1365:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1312:
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1309:
1307:
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1276:
1275:
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1253:
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1142:Associated Press
1137:
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1127:
1125:
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1103:
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1014:
1005:
990:
989:
987:
985:
970:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
944:
938:. Archived from
925:
919:
918:
916:
914:
903:
894:
881:
880:
878:
876:
867:
858:
852:
851:
849:
847:
836:
827:
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755:Associated Press
746:
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712:
701:
700:
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651:
643:
637:
636:
616:
577:
574:
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564:
558:
555:
549:
542:
536:
532:
410:Magistrate Court
382:Eliezer Sandberg
61:
53:
52:
46:
31:
19:
18:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
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2094:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2068:
2060:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2037:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2006:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1944:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1884:
1878:
1874:
1864:
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1709:
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1620:
1618:
1609:
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1415:
1405:
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1399:
1383:
1379:
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1367:
1363:
1356:Washington Post
1349:
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1325:
1319:
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1296:
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884:
874:
872:
865:
859:
855:
845:
843:
834:
828:
821:
816:. 18 July 1997.
808:
807:
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791:
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759:
757:
747:
740:
730:
728:
719:
713:
704:
694:
692:
683:
677:
668:
660:
654:Maccabiah Games
649:
645:
644:
640:
633:
617:
590:
586:
581:
580:
575:
571:
565:
561:
556:
552:
543:
539:
533:
529:
524:
516:Jerusalem stone
488:
471:Clean Up Israel
454:
438:Second Intifada
433:
390:
323:
289:, a mixture of
252:
200:
165:
163:Maccabiah Games
159:
147:Maccabiah Games
118:
67:
66:
65:
64:
63:
62:
59:Bridge collapse
57:
54:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2226:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2148:1997 in Israel
2103:
2102:
2090:
2078:
2057:
2056:
2043:Jerusalem Post
2025:
2012:Jerusalem Post
1994:
1963:
1932:
1901:
1872:
1861:. May 10, 2009
1858:Jerusalem Post
1841:
1820:"Yarkon River"
1810:
1781:
1750:
1719:
1706:Jerusalem Post
1688:
1659:
1628:
1615:Jerusalem Post
1594:
1563:
1535:
1501:
1472:
1458:
1445:Jerusalem Post
1427:
1413:
1392:Jerusalem Post
1377:
1342:
1313:
1277:
1248:
1206:
1167:
1129:
1095:
1088:
1066:
1053:New York Times
1035:
991:
956:
935:Jerusalem Post
920:
882:
853:
840:New York Times
819:
801:
788:New York Times
767:
738:
725:New York Times
702:
689:New York Times
666:
663:on 2011-10-04.
638:
631:
587:
585:
582:
579:
578:
569:
559:
550:
537:
526:
525:
523:
520:
487:
484:
469:including the
453:
450:
432:
429:
420:microbiologist
417:Sheba Hospital
389:
388:Criminal trial
386:
322:
321:Investigations
319:
251:
248:
199:
196:
158:
155:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
105:
99:
98:
85:
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2115:34°49′24.24″E
2101:
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2066:
2063:
2045:
2044:
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2014:
2013:
2005:
1998:
1983:
1982:
1974:
1967:
1952:
1951:
1943:
1936:
1921:
1920:
1912:
1905:
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1089:0-443-07983-8
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632:0-520-23428-6
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611:
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517:
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480:
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446:
441:
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428:
424:
421:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
394:
385:
383:
379:
376:In 1998, the
374:
372:
366:
363:
358:
354:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
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318:
314:
312:
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256:
247:
245:
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237:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
215:
209:
206:
195:
193:
189:
185:
180:
178:
177:Jewish people
174:
170:
164:
154:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
119:/ 60+ injured
116:
114:
110:
106:
104:
100:
97:
93:
89:
86:
84:
80:
77:July 14, 1997
76:
74:
70:
60:
45:
37:
30:
25:
20:
2105:
2047:. Retrieved
2041:
2028:
2016:. Retrieved
2010:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1979:
1966:
1954:. Retrieved
1948:
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1917:
1904:
1892:. Retrieved
1875:
1863:. Retrieved
1856:
1844:
1832:. Retrieved
1826:
1813:
1801:. Retrieved
1791:"News Brief"
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1766:
1753:
1741:. Retrieved
1735:
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1704:
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1662:
1650:. Retrieved
1644:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1613:
1585:. Retrieved
1579:
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1548:
1538:
1526:. Retrieved
1520:
1492:. Retrieved
1482:"News Brief"
1475:
1461:
1449:. Retrieved
1443:
1430:
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1404:. Retrieved
1397:the original
1390:
1380:
1368:. Retrieved
1361:the original
1354:
1345:
1333:. Retrieved
1323:"News Brief"
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1268:. Retrieved
1251:
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1229:
1197:. Retrieved
1190:
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1120:. Retrieved
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1057:. Retrieved
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972:
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940:the original
933:
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911:. Retrieved
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873:. Retrieved
856:
844:. Retrieved
838:
813:
804:
792:. Retrieved
786:
760:10 September
758:. Retrieved
754:
729:. Retrieved
723:
693:. Retrieved
687:
658:the original
653:
641:
621:
572:
562:
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540:
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512:James Larsen
509:
505:
493:
489:
467:
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442:
434:
425:
414:
399:
375:
367:
359:
355:
351:
324:
315:
308:
306:
295:
276:
261:
225:
217:Ezer Weizman
210:
201:
181:
166:
151:
131:Yarkon River
126:
124:
112:
102:
88:Yarkon River
82:
72:
58:
2127: /
2112:32°6′6.64″N
546:Los Angeles
327:Moshe Peled
232:Petah Tikva
2142:Categories
584:References
250:Infections
157:Background
143:Australian
2088:Australia
371:Ramat Gan
272:pulmonary
214:President
2049:26 March
2018:26 March
1987:26 March
1956:26 March
1925:26 March
1894:26 March
1865:26 March
1834:26 March
1803:26 March
1774:26 March
1743:26 March
1712:26 March
1681:26 March
1652:26 March
1621:26 March
1587:26 March
1556:26 March
1528:26 March
1494:26 March
1451:26 March
1406:26 March
1370:26 March
1335:26 March
1306:26 March
1270:26 March
1241:26 March
1199:26 March
1160:26 March
1122:26 March
1059:26 March
1028:26 March
984:26 March
949:26 March
913:26 March
875:26 March
846:26 March
794:26 March
731:26 March
695:26 March
431:Lawsuits
291:jet fuel
264:asphyxia
205:Austrian
198:Collapse
135:Tel Aviv
92:Tel Aviv
2062:Portals
1981:Haaretz
1950:Haaretz
1919:Haaretz
1768:Haaretz
1737:Haaretz
1646:Haaretz
1581:Haaretz
378:Knesset
335:Irgunit
113:Result:
2100:Israel
1086:
629:
347:bridge
298:bridge
244:Sydney
240:bowler
139:Israel
103:Cause:
96:Israel
83:Place:
2076:1990s
1192:AIJAC
661:(PDF)
650:(PDF)
522:Notes
445:Haifa
242:from
73:Date:
2051:2009
2020:2009
1989:2009
1958:2009
1927:2009
1896:2009
1867:2009
1836:2009
1805:2009
1776:2009
1745:2009
1714:2009
1683:2009
1654:2009
1623:2009
1589:2009
1558:2009
1530:2009
1496:2009
1453:2009
1408:2009
1372:2009
1337:2009
1308:2009
1272:2009
1243:2009
1201:2009
1162:2009
1124:2009
1084:ISBN
1061:2009
1030:2009
986:2009
951:2009
915:2009
877:2009
848:2009
796:2009
762:2021
733:2009
697:2009
627:ISBN
443:The
341:for
270:and
234:and
182:The
125:The
230:in
133:in
2144::
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2009:.
1978:.
1947:.
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1825:.
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1597:^
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735:.
699:.
635:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
