144:
404:
131:
305:
48:
870:
118:
708:
government enforced a policy of assimilating diverse cultural groups into a pan-Nepali identity. Legal directives made it an offense to address inequality and discrimination of ethnic groups. The complexities of ethnopolitical conflicts between immigrants, caste groups and indigenous groups living in
654:
constituted almost half of their daily food intake, supplemented by vegetables, potatoes, milk and dairy products. Less frequently they consumed meat, fish, eggs and fruit. About 13.7% of the total food intake of men was alcohol, whereas females consumed far less alcohol. Fruit commonly grown in the
346:. This increased immigration facilitated the expansion of cultivated land, which provided revenue for the state in the form of taxes by farmers, duties for felling and export of timber, and fees for the grazing of cattle on pastures during dry seasons. In the mid 19th century, Muslim people from the
391:
With 33,998.8 km (13,127.0 sq mi), the Nepal Terai constitutes 23.1% of Nepal's land area. As of 2001, about 48.5% of Nepal's population lived in the Terai, which had a population density of 330.78/km (856.7/sq mi), the highest in the country. As of June 2011, the Nepal Terai's
366:
and engaged in business. In 1981, the Indian
Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimated that about 3.2 million people of Indian origin lived in Nepal, of which about 2.4 million had received Nepali citizenship. In 2006, the Nepal Citizenship Act was amended to the effect that people born before 1990 and
768:
The Tharu people were initially comfortable with the
Madheshi identity in the eastern part of the Terai as of 2007, but in the central part, they claim a distinct Tharu identity. In 2009, they disassociated themselves from being identified as Madheshi and demanded their own province.
756:
formed by
Madheshi organizations pressured the government to accept this concept of autonomy under the motto "One Madhes One Pradesh". Several ethnic and religious groups in the Terai opposed and resisted this policy under the leadership of Madheshi parties, foremost
325:
and subsequent drought. To promote the economic development of the Nepal Terai, people from the hills were invited to settle, but only a few moved to the Terai. Between the 1860s and 1951, people from India immigrated and settled in the region.
687:
Since the late 1940s, the term 'Madhes' was used by politicians in the Nepal Terai to differentiate between the interests of the people of the Terai and of the hills. At the time, Indian and
Madheshi people needed a passport to travel to
316:
of Nepal promoted conversion of forests in the Terai to agricultural land and encouraged people from northern India to settle in this region through a series of subsidies granted to new settlers. In the 1770s to 1780s, famine-stricken
739:
is the oldest
Madheshi party, which started lobbying for socio-cultural, linguistic and political rights of Madheshi people in the 1990s. The discussions on rights and demands of Madheshi people increased after the end of the
1362:. Kathmandu: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, in cooperation with United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
772:
Armed groups like Terai Army, Madhesi
National Liberation Front, Terai Cobras and Madhesh Mukti Tigers pursued this aim of autonomy using violent means. Some members of these organisations were responsible for acts of
350:
region were invited to settle in the far-western Nepal Terai, where they received large forested areas for conversion to agriculture. People of at least 21 Indian ethnic groups immigrated between 1933 and 1966.
1338:
Legal
Analysis of Citizenship Law of Nepal. A Comparative Study of the Nepal Citizenship Act, 2006 with the Constitution, Precedents, International Human Rights Obligation and Best Practices. Publication No.
474:
and Uttar
Pradesh, respectively. They are influenced by the hierarchy of the Hindu caste system, with the difference that it is not based on the principle of pollution and purity, but on occupation.
458:
Muslim people in the Terai constitute about 96% of all
Muslims in the country. Their cultural traditions are interlinked with those of Muslim people in northern India; popular destinations for their
362:
who had stayed in the
Madhesh for at least five years or married to native Madhesis. The Citizenship Act of 1963 entitled immigrants to receive Nepali citizenship if they were able to read and write
716:
in spring 1990, disadvanted groups demanded a more equitable share of political resources such as admittance to civil service. Madheshi people are disadvantaged in regards to access to education;
395:
The Madheshi people constituted 32% of Nepal's population by the 1991 census. Of these, 16% belonged to various Hindu castes, 9% belonged to other ethnic groups, including 6.5% Tharu people.
411:
The culture of Madeshi people is complex and diverse. The Muslim and indigenous peoples speak their own languages and have distinct cultural traditions that differ from the Hindu
481:
being compulsory and free of cost, more boys than girls are enrolled. Girls are expected to look after younger siblings and do household chores. Many rural Madheshi girls are
1586:
534:
Muslim Madheshis speak Urdu primarily, but also Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Bajjika and Maithili, depending on whether they live in the western, central or eastern Terai.
752:
advocated the idea of an autonomous Madhes province stretching all over the Terai and organised violent demonstrations in 2007 to enforce their demands. The
1571:
1172:
1336:
1316:
2030:
245:
of the Terai. Many of these groups share cultural traditions, educational and family ties with people living south of the international border in
1814:
367:
residing permanently in the country obtained the right to Nepali citizenship. About 2.3 million people received citizenship certificates. The
2228:. Discussion Paper Series. Vol. 15. Hiroshima: Hiroshima University Partnership Project for Peace Building and Capacity Development.
2217:. Discussion Paper Series. Vol. 19. Hiroshima: Hiroshima University Partnership Project for Peace Building and Capacity Development.
797:
477:
Both Muslim and Hindu Madheshi parents place more emphasis on the education of boys than of girls. Despite an increase of schools and
2184:
2293:
1389:
1791:
280:(मध्य देश), literally the middle country, which refers to "the central region, the country lying between the Himalaya and the
2594:
2168:
1845:
1520:
1424:
1367:
1146:
372:
850:
634:
at madrasas in the Terai are either from India, or were trained in India and Saudi Arabia. Many Muslim Madheshis practise
2545:
2155:
2913:
1654:
749:
513:
languages. The National Population and Housing Census of 2011 knows of 123 languages spoken in all of Nepal and lists:
2978:
1882:
1746:
1717:
1453:
1045:
979:
542:
The following religions are practised in the Terai according to the National Population and Housing Census of 2011:
2947:
2834:
2565:
778:
334:
between 1846 and 1950. They settled foremost in the Terai together with already present native Terai peoples like
3578:
3221:
2925:
2894:
753:
1111:
Mishra, R. (2007). "Sectional President's Address: Ethnicity and National Unification: The Madheshis of Nepal".
1086:
871:"New Identity Politics and the 2012 Collapse of Nepal's Constituent Assembly: When the dominant becomes 'other'"
1203:
745:
732:. Madheshi identity is largely based on the experience of being discriminated by the country's ruling elites.
517:
3,092,530 Maithili speaking people (11.7% of Nepal's total population), of which 3,004,245 lived in the Terai;
2956:
2874:
2816:
785:
713:
2744:
2620:
3474:
3140:
3122:
2906:
2901:
2638:
822:
2214:
Education, Nationalism, and Conflict in Plural Society in Nepal: Terai Region in the Post-Maoist Context
1636:"Food consumption patterns and nutrient intake among Nepalese living in the southern rural Terai region"
392:
human population totaled 13,318,705 people comprising more than 120 different ethnic groups and castes.
198:
became a widely recognised name for Nepali citizens with an Indian cultural background only after 1990.
3506:
3499:
3295:
3236:
3117:
2986:
2884:
2673:
2286:
942:
846:
729:
368:
2642:
2490:
2133:
1469:
Thapa, S. (1995). "Caste Hierarchy: The inter-Ethnic Stratification in the Muslim society of Nepal".
467:
2202:
3489:
3253:
2630:
2610:
2584:
800:, Indian politicians kept on trying to secure strategic interests in the Nepal Terai, such as over
28:
2003:
603:
The religious practices of the majority of Madheshi people are a mixture of orthodox Hinduism and
3011:
2996:
2942:
2935:
2824:
2777:
2769:
2729:
2615:
2352:
623:
808:, India tried to dominate Nepal's internal politics and foment the conflict in the Nepal Terai.
720:
rate among Madheshi people is lower than among other groups in Nepal, and lowest among Madheshi
3246:
2966:
2961:
2829:
2197:
1965:
1634:
Ohno, Y.; Hirai, K.; Sato, N.; Ito, M.; Yamamoto, T.; Tamura, T. & Shrestha, M. P. (1997).
736:
355:
167:
1734:
1147:"Economic development through indigenous means: A case of Indian migration in the Nepal Terai"
1033:
3543:
3484:
3278:
3191:
3112:
2889:
2869:
2279:
2225:
The rise of new regional political force in Madhes and its consequence in post-conflict Nepal
1833:
1705:
1441:
1191:
967:
817:
804:
energy, development projects, business and trade. It has been alleged that by supporting the
570:
179:
1091:
Revised and enlarged edition of Prin. V. S. Apte's The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary
1038:
Local Democracy in South Asia: Microprocesses of democratization in Nepal and its neighbours
646:
In 1989, a study on food consumption patterns was conducted with 108 people in a village in
3494:
3469:
3102:
2549:
2475:
2470:
972:
Nationalism and ethnicity in a Hindu kingdom: The politics of culture in contemporary Nepal
693:
527:
2114:
1412:
592:
8:
3419:
3206:
1359:
Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book. Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites
805:
744:, in particular among Madheshi intellectuals and political elites. The political parties
619:
463:
3201:
3196:
3150:
3135:
2991:
2930:
2918:
2879:
2660:
2625:
2560:
2507:
2380:
2178:
1915:
1285:
1258:
1120:
1009:
890:
741:
2196:. Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu: Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies. pp. 1–12.
724:. They are also disappointed to have been excluded from participation in bureaucracy,
704:
and increasing employment opportunities for Madheshi people. During 1961 to 1990, the
3464:
3338:
3318:
3268:
3263:
3258:
2857:
2839:
2756:
2589:
2576:
2555:
2540:
2517:
2497:
2223:
2212:
2164:
1919:
1878:
1841:
1742:
1713:
1556:
1540:
1516:
1489:
1449:
1420:
1363:
1199:
1041:
975:
894:
705:
701:
650:. Results of this study showed that the people consumed seven food items on average.
611:
546:
498:
494:
482:
478:
242:
88:
80:
1635:
1541:"Muslims in Nepal: The Local and Global Dimensions of a Changing Religious Minority"
3536:
3529:
3308:
3181:
3169:
3145:
3090:
3019:
2806:
2734:
2512:
2485:
2314:
2306:
2093:
1907:
1552:
1228:
949:. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 74–81.
921:
882:
647:
339:
289:
96:
1966:"Politicising ethnicity: Tharu contestation of Madheshi identity in Nepal's Tarai"
1355:
1040:. New Delhi, Los Angeles, London, Singapore: Sage Publications. pp. 128–149.
520:
1,584,958 Bhojpuri speaking people (5.98%), of which 1,542,333 lived in the Terai;
3479:
3348:
3328:
3285:
3155:
3107:
3062:
2751:
2192:
Hachhethu, K. (2007). "Madheshi nationalism and restructuring the Nepali state".
2098:
2081:
1911:
1490:"Significance of Girl Education: Parents' Perception from Rural Madhesh of Nepal"
510:
420:
363:
230:
187:
159:
1710:
Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict in Nepal: identities and mobilization after 1990
692:, a requirement in place until 1958. In the 1950s, the regional political party
3552:
3434:
3388:
3343:
3323:
3273:
3226:
3211:
3127:
2465:
2442:
2362:
2347:
2252:
788:
election. Madheshi parties gained 50 of 575 seats in the Constituent Assembly.
631:
428:
210:
1232:
886:
261:
and Pahari people living in the Terai do not consider themselves as Madheshi.
3572:
3398:
3363:
3231:
2798:
2691:
2686:
2502:
2447:
2432:
1034:"The 'Madhesi' People: Issues and Challenges of Democracy in the Nepal Terai"
963:
506:
416:
330:
of Indian farmers and labourers was particularly high during the rule of the
293:
281:
250:
234:
191:
104:
2157:
Nepal's Terai: Constructing an Ethnic Conflict. South Asia Briefing Paper #1
926:
909:
3557:
3439:
3373:
3333:
3049:
2535:
2527:
2457:
1898:
Nayak, N. (2011). "The Madhesi Movement in Nepal: Implications for India".
758:
588:
335:
331:
313:
258:
222:
147:
21:
415:
groups. Latter comprise at least 43 distinct groups. Caste groups include
3368:
2790:
2437:
784:
In 2013, more than 24 Madheshi political parties were registered for the
359:
327:
322:
254:
202:
1840:. Springer Briefs in Anthropology. Singapore: Springer. pp. 38–41.
1796:
Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies
1419:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 8–15.
1124:
523:
793,418 Bajjika speaking people (2.99%), including 791,737 in the Terai;
3185:
3024:
3001:
2701:
2480:
2393:
2329:
1289:
1262:
1013:
801:
725:
1356:
Bhuju, U. R.; Shakya, P. R.; Basnet, T. B. & Shrestha, S. (2007).
3424:
3067:
3054:
2711:
2681:
2031:"Nepal: Madhesis protest outside British embassy against 1816 treaty"
1357:
1276:
Jain, P. C. (1982). "Indians abroad: a current population estimate".
858:. Asia Report N°136. Kathmandu, Brussels: International Crisis Group.
774:
689:
676:
471:
436:
1612:
321:
farmers migrated to the Nepal Terai following a severe flood of the
3444:
2782:
2427:
2398:
2388:
2370:
1000:
Gellner, D. N. (2007). "Caste, Ethnicity and Inequality in Nepal".
717:
635:
576:
558:
448:
274:
121:
1613:"Mawdudi's Islamic Revivalist Ideology and the Islami Sangh Nepal"
910:"Masters of hybridity: how activists reconstructed Nepali society"
143:
3393:
3358:
3353:
3303:
3241:
3072:
3044:
3039:
3029:
2706:
2403:
2271:
2240:
2194:
International Seminar on Constitutionalism and Diversity in Nepal
1179:(Second ed.). Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. pp. 58–86.
615:
604:
596:
582:
502:
459:
403:
238:
226:
214:
183:
1633:
3414:
3383:
3313:
3216:
2696:
2339:
1196:
Many tongues, one people: the making of Tharu identity in Nepal
970:. In Gellner, D. N.; Pfaff-Czarnecka, J.; Whelpton, J. (eds.).
762:
672:
664:
660:
440:
358:
was passed that entitled all those immigrants to obtain Nepali
343:
206:
1198:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 20–61.
304:
178:. It has also been used as a political pejorative term by the
130:
3034:
2739:
2302:
868:
721:
697:
668:
656:
627:
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marriage, which is recognised by law. The largest and oldest
564:
552:
444:
432:
424:
412:
347:
318:
246:
218:
175:
171:
134:
1387:
194:, regardless of their place of birth or residence. The term
3378:
651:
452:
47:
968:"Political Identity in Nepal: State, Nation and Community"
845:
3429:
201:
Madheshi people comprise various cultural groups such as
1572:"Nepal's ethnic Madhesis fight for dignity and equality"
1442:"Fragmentarey parts. Competing traditions, new identity"
1675:
1673:
1671:
712:
After the Panchayat regime was abolished following the
2253:"UN: Nepal blockade puts millions of children at risk"
1755:
696:
advocated more autonomy for the Terai, recognition of
2055:
1334:
591:
with 1,379 followers, less than 900 followers of the
117:
2028:
1668:
1345:. Kathmandu: Forum for Women, Law & Development.
1942:
1838:
The Madhesi Upsurge and the Contested Idea of Nepal
1664:. RAP publication 81. Bangkok: FAO. pp. 81–94.
1446:
Islamic Revival in Nepal: Religion and a New Nation
1296:
1854:
1685:
1318:Tarai-Madhes searching for identity based security
1066:
1054:
386:
1249:Dastider, M. (2000). "Muslims of Nepal's Terai".
16:Indo-Aryan Nepalese ethnic group in Terai-Madhesh
3570:
2241:"Madhesh: Positive progress for Madesh in Nepal"
2163:. Oslo: International Peace Research Institute.
1513:Understanding Nepal: Muslims in a plural society
1084:
1662:Crop Diversification in the Asia-Pacific Region
1660:. In Papademetriou, M. K.; Dent, F. J. (eds.).
1534:
1532:
1448:. London, New York: Routledge. pp. 25–29.
1406:
1404:
1244:
1242:
974:. London, New York: Routledge. pp. 39–78.
2245:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
1741:. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 179–198.
1739:Resistance and the State: Nepalese experiences
1703:
1538:
958:
956:
914:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
907:
379:foreign women who are married to a Nepali man.
2287:
1959:
1957:
1732:
1712:. Oxon, New York: Routledge. pp. 35–57.
1652:
1587:"Ethnic Variation of Nepal's Muslim Minority"
1494:Journal of Management and Development Studies
1383:
1381:
1379:
1189:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
995:
993:
991:
869:Adhikari, K. P. & Gellner, D. N. (2016).
382:children of a Nepali woman and a foreign man.
1875:Creating a "New Nepal": the ethnic dimension
1812:
1529:
1510:
1487:
1401:
1314:
1248:
1239:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
3407:
2079:
1391:National Population and Housing Census 2011
1275:
1183:
1027:
1025:
1023:
953:
798:2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election
2294:
2280:
2131:
1963:
1954:
1872:
1640:Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
1569:
1376:
1308:
1218:
1113:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
1097:
988:
610:Muslim Madheshis practise the traditional
46:
2201:
2191:
2097:
1986:
1897:
1789:
1773:
1735:"How representative is the Nepali State?"
1584:
1468:
1164:
1131:
934:
925:
841:
839:
837:
2112:
2056:"Alliance for Independent Madhesh (AIM)"
1610:
1439:
1410:
1036:. In Gellner, D.; Hachhethu, K. (eds.).
1020:
962:
781:also demands independence of the Terai.
530:(2.61%), including 671,851 in the Terai.
402:
303:
292:in the Nepal Terai located south of the
2153:
1990:
1936:
1825:
1679:
1219:Ansari, H. (1981). "Muslims in Nepal".
1177:Regionalism and National Unity in Nepal
999:
947:Nepal and Bhutan : country studies
3571:
1349:
1110:
940:
834:
2275:
2221:
2210:
1948:
1932:
1860:
1777:
1761:
1691:
1617:Studies in Nepali History and Society
1515:. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications.
1388:Central Bureau of Statistics (2012).
1335:Shrestha, S. & Mulmi, S. (2016).
1302:
1170:
1144:
1072:
1060:
1031:
284:". However, in the context of Nepal,
1708:. In Lawoti, M.; Hangen, S. (eds.).
1706:"Ethnopolitics and ethnodevelopment"
1315:Pathak, B. & Uprety, D. (2009).
777:including bombings and murders. The
373:Nepali citizenship by naturalisation
65:Regions with significant populations
20:For the Native American people, see
2183:: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (
1831:
1324:. Kathmandu: Conflict Study Center.
791:
13:
2301:
1221:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
273:is thought to be derived from the
170:living in the central and eastern
14:
3590:
2233:
1397:. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal.
750:Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal
312:Since the late 18th century, the
27:For other uses of "Madhesi", see
2060:Alliance for Independent Madhesh
1877:. Washington: East-West Center.
1557:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00314.x
1154:Contribution to Nepalese Studies
779:Alliance for Independent Madhesh
142:
129:
116:
70:Predominantly southeastern Nepal
2147:
2125:
2106:
2073:
2048:
2022:
1996:
1980:
1926:
1891:
1866:
1815:"Who is the Madhesi subaltern?"
1806:
1783:
1767:
1726:
1697:
1655:"Crop diversification in Nepal"
1646:
1627:
1604:
1578:
1563:
1504:
1481:
1462:
1433:
1328:
1269:
1212:
1078:
754:United Democratic Madhesi Front
387:Demographics of the Nepal Terai
901:
862:
746:Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha
709:the Terai were not addressed.
462:pilgrimage are the shrines of
308:An agricultural field in Terai
1:
2082:"The 2013 Elections in Nepal"
2029:Press Trust of India (2016).
1278:Economic and Political Weekly
1251:Economic and Political Weekly
1002:Economic and Political Weekly
852:Nepal's Troubled Terai Region
828:
786:Constituent Assembly of Nepal
485:at an age of 14 to 16 years.
166:) is a term used for several
2745:Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal
2595:Back to the Village campaign
2566:Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923
2099:10.1080/03068374.2014.909627
1912:10.1080/09700161.2011.576099
1471:Tribhuvan University Journal
537:
488:
375:, which can be acquired by:
264:
7:
3123:South Asian Free Trade Area
2008:South Asia Terrorism Portal
823:Great Bengal famine of 1770
811:
682:
10:
3595:
3237:Nepal Academy of Fine Arts
2004:"Nepal Timeline Year 2004"
1173:"Migration into the Tarai"
1093:. Poona: Prasad Prakashan.
847:International Crisis Group
730:political parties in Nepal
641:
398:
371:contains provisions for a
369:Constitution of Nepal 2015
299:
18:
3523:
3457:
3294:
3177:
3168:
3098:
3089:
3010:
2977:
2865:
2856:
2815:
2768:
2722:
2672:
2668:
2659:
2603:
2574:
2526:
2456:
2416:
2379:
2361:
2338:
2322:
2313:
1233:10.1080/02666958108715821
1192:"The Tharu and the Tarai"
1085:Apte, V. S. (1957–1959).
887:10.1017/S0026749X15000438
549:with 11,308,620 followers
468:Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud
163:
115:
110:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
45:
2134:"The endless transition"
2115:"The India-Nepal Crisis"
1737:. In Gellner, D. (ed.).
1611:Sijapati, M. A. (2012).
1440:Sijapati, M. A. (2011).
1413:"Peoples and migrations"
555:with 1,105,533 followers
29:Madhesi (disambiguation)
2895:Chief of the Army Staff
2353:Maya (mother of Buddha)
1704:Bhattachan, K. (2013).
1539:Sijapati, M.A. (2011).
927:10.1111/1467-9655.13025
908:Gellner, D. N. (2019).
407:A temple in Simraungadh
3579:Ethnic groups in Nepal
3222:International rankings
1733:Krämer, K.-H. (2007).
1653:Sharma, K. C. (2001).
1190:Guneratne, A. (2002).
941:Savada, A. M. (1991).
737:Nepal Sadbhawana Party
573:with 137,723 followers
567:with 190,458 followers
561:with 472,469 followers
493:Madheshi people speak
408:
309:
180:Pahari people of Nepal
168:ethnic groups in Nepal
2907:Provincial assemblies
2604:Multi-party democracy
1813:Dixit, K. M. (2017).
1511:Dastider, M. (2007).
1488:Gupta, A. K. (2019).
1411:Whelpton, J. (2005).
1171:Gaige, F. H. (1975).
1145:Dahal, D. R. (1983).
1032:Dahal, D. R. (2008).
943:"Caste and Ethnicity"
818:Demographics of Nepal
579:with 63,747 followers
406:
356:Nepal Citizenship Act
307:
3002:Rural Municipalities
2957:Council of Ministers
2875:Constituent Assembly
2550:Treaty of Thapathali
2471:Prithvi Narayan Shah
2154:Miklian, J. (2009).
2080:Gellner, D. (2014).
875:Modern Asian Studies
694:Nepal Terai Congress
585:with 2,169 followers
528:Urdu-speaking people
241:speaking people and
2132:Mahato, R. (2016).
1964:Pandey, K. (2017).
1873:Hangen, S. (2007).
1570:Khalid, S. (2016).
806:2015 Nepal blockade
464:Ajmer Sharif Dargah
42:
3475:Capital punishment
3141:Telecommunications
2757:Siliguri Corridor
2637:2015 earthquake -
2222:Kabir, H. (2012).
2211:Kabir, H. (2013).
1970:The South Asianist
1900:Strategic Analysis
1834:"Tarai and Madhes"
1792:"On Being Madhesi"
1790:Yadav, R. (2010).
1585:Thapa, S. (2000).
1417:A History of Nepal
742:Nepalese Civil War
595:and less than 500
409:
310:
40:
3566:
3565:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3507:Human trafficking
3453:
3452:
3164:
3163:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
2914:Political parties
2885:Foreign relations
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2556:Lamjang and Kaski
2541:Jung Bahadur Rana
2518:Treaty of Sugauli
2412:
2411:
2170:978-82-7288-309-5
2113:Ojha, H. (2015).
1847:978-981-10-2926-4
1776:, pp. 9–10;
1764:, pp. 13–14.
1522:978-81-241-1271-7
1426:978-0-521-80470-7
1369:978-92-9115-033-5
1008:(20): 1823–1828.
714:People's Movement
702:national language
479:primary education
282:Vindhya mountains
243:indigenous people
153:
152:
3586:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3405:
3404:
3292:
3291:
3175:
3174:
3131:
3096:
3095:
3058:
2975:
2974:
2950:
2863:
2862:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2760:
2759:(Chicken's Neck)
2735:Kathmandu Valley
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2621:2005 coup d'état
2590:Panchayat system
2513:Balbhadra Kunwar
2486:Kingdom of Nepal
2454:
2453:
2336:
2335:
2320:
2319:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2248:
2229:
2218:
2207:
2205:
2188:
2182:
2174:
2162:
2142:
2141:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2000:
1994:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1961:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1832:Jha, K. (2017).
1829:
1823:
1822:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1787:
1781:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1666:
1665:
1659:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1591:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1545:Religion Compass
1536:
1527:
1526:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1385:
1374:
1373:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1142:
1129:
1128:
1108:
1095:
1094:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1029:
1018:
1017:
997:
986:
985:
960:
951:
950:
938:
932:
931:
929:
905:
899:
898:
881:(6): 2009–2040.
866:
860:
859:
857:
843:
792:Indian influence
648:Chitwan district
290:Madhesh Province
165:
146:
133:
120:
55:Total population
50:
43:
39:
32:
25:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3511:
3449:
3403:
3349:Maghe Sankranti
3290:
3254:Public holidays
3217:Gurkhas/Gorkhas
3160:
3129:
3077:
3056:
3006:
2973:
2948:
2844:
2835:Protected areas
2811:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2764:
2758:
2752:Tibetan Plateau
2730:Cities of Nepal
2718:
2647:
2631:Jana Andolan II
2599:
2585:1951 revolution
2570:
2522:
2508:Anglo-Nepal War
2458:Early Shah rule
2452:
2420:
2418:
2408:
2381:Lichchhavi rule
2375:
2357:
2340:Shakya Republic
2334:
2309:
2300:
2262:
2260:
2251:
2239:
2236:
2203:10.1.1.694.9316
2176:
2175:
2171:
2160:
2150:
2145:
2130:
2126:
2111:
2107:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1985:
1981:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1931:
1927:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1871:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1830:
1826:
1811:
1807:
1788:
1784:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1678:
1669:
1657:
1651:
1647:
1632:
1628:
1609:
1605:
1594:ISIM Newsletter
1589:
1583:
1579:
1568:
1564:
1551:(11): 656–665.
1537:
1530:
1523:
1509:
1505:
1486:
1482:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1409:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1377:
1370:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1274:
1270:
1257:(10): 766–769.
1247:
1240:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1188:
1184:
1169:
1165:
1149:
1143:
1132:
1109:
1098:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1030:
1021:
998:
989:
982:
961:
954:
939:
935:
906:
902:
867:
863:
855:
844:
835:
831:
814:
794:
685:
644:
540:
491:
401:
389:
302:
267:
188:Nepali language
156:Madheshi people
41:Madheshi people
38:
33:
26:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3592:
3582:
3581:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3548:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3389:Chasok Tangnam
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3344:Buddha Jayanti
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3324:Dipankha Yatra
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3256:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3016:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2997:Municipalities
2994:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2959:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2943:Prime Minister
2940:
2939:
2938:
2936:Vice President
2928:
2926:Heads of state
2923:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2825:Climate change
2821:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2796:
2788:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2678:
2676:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2623:
2618:
2616:Royal massacre
2613:
2611:Jana Andolan I
2607:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2575:Post-Rana and
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2498:Sino-Nepal War
2495:
2494:
2493:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2466:Gorkha Kingdom
2462:
2460:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2443:Chaubisi Rajya
2440:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2363:Kirata kingdom
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2348:Gautama Buddha
2344:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2326:
2324:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2249:
2235:
2234:External links
2232:
2231:
2230:
2219:
2208:
2189:
2169:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2124:
2105:
2092:(2): 243–261.
2072:
2047:
2035:Indian Express
2021:
1995:
1987:Hachhethu 2007
1979:
1953:
1941:
1935:, p. 12;
1925:
1906:(4): 640–660.
1890:
1883:
1865:
1853:
1846:
1824:
1805:
1782:
1774:Hachhethu 2007
1766:
1754:
1747:
1725:
1718:
1696:
1684:
1667:
1645:
1626:
1603:
1577:
1562:
1528:
1521:
1503:
1480:
1461:
1454:
1432:
1425:
1400:
1375:
1368:
1348:
1327:
1307:
1295:
1284:(8): 299–304.
1268:
1238:
1227:(3): 138–158.
1211:
1204:
1182:
1163:
1130:
1096:
1077:
1065:
1053:
1046:
1019:
987:
980:
952:
933:
920:(2): 265–284.
900:
861:
832:
830:
827:
826:
825:
820:
813:
810:
793:
790:
684:
681:
655:Terai include
643:
640:
618:is located in
601:
600:
586:
580:
574:
568:
562:
556:
550:
539:
536:
532:
531:
524:
521:
518:
490:
487:
400:
397:
388:
385:
384:
383:
380:
301:
298:
288:refers to the
266:
263:
151:
150:
113:
112:
108:
107:
77:
76:
72:
71:
67:
66:
62:
61:
57:
56:
52:
51:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3591:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3508:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3481:
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3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
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3456:
3446:
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3441:
3438:
3436:
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3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:Gyalpo Lhosar
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3247:Ethnic groups
3245:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3232:Nepal Academy
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2968:
2967:Chief Justice
2965:
2964:
2963:
2962:Supreme Court
2960:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2830:Deforestation
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:Mount Everest
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:Bhimsen Thapa
2501:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2448:Newa kingdoms
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:Khasa kingdom
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2415:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
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2250:
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2209:
2204:
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2186:
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2172:
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2159:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2086:Asian Affairs
2083:
2076:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1992:
1989:, p. 5;
1988:
1983:
1976:(1): 304–322.
1975:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1958:
1951:, p. 20.
1950:
1945:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1886:
1884:9781932728620
1880:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1857:
1849:
1843:
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1820:
1816:
1809:
1801:
1797:
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1763:
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1750:
1748:9788187358084
1744:
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1736:
1729:
1721:
1719:9780415780971
1715:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:(6): 251–255.
1641:
1637:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1573:
1566:
1558:
1554:
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1546:
1542:
1535:
1533:
1524:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1457:
1455:9781136701344
1451:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1405:
1393:
1392:
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1380:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1341:
1340:
1331:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1305:, p. 14.
1304:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1245:
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1234:
1230:
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1141:
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1137:
1135:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1092:
1088:
1087:"मध्य madhya"
1081:
1075:, p. 11.
1074:
1069:
1063:, p. 10.
1062:
1057:
1049:
1047:9788132100164
1043:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
996:
994:
992:
983:
981:9789057020896
977:
973:
969:
965:
959:
957:
948:
944:
937:
928:
923:
919:
915:
911:
904:
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892:
888:
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880:
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865:
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853:
848:
842:
840:
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833:
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809:
807:
803:
799:
789:
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782:
780:
776:
770:
766:
764:
760:
755:
751:
747:
743:
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727:
723:
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680:
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333:
329:
324:
320:
315:
306:
297:
295:
294:Siwalik Hills
291:
287:
283:
279:
276:
272:
262:
260:
256:
252:
251:Uttar Pradesh
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:ethnic groups
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
192:mother tongue
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
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127:
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94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
49:
44:
35:
30:
23:
3544:Bibliography
3485:Human rights
3408:Celebrations
3374:Sonam Lhosar
3334:Yomari Punhi
3279:Christianity
3192:Demographics
3113:Child labour
2870:Constitution
2692:Kanchenjunga
2536:Kot massacre
2261:. Retrieved
2256:
2244:
2224:
2213:
2193:
2156:
2148:Bibliography
2140:. Kathmandu.
2138:Nepali Times
2137:
2127:
2119:The Diplomat
2118:
2108:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2063:. Retrieved
2059:
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2034:
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2007:
1998:
1993:, p. 15
1991:Miklian 2009
1982:
1973:
1969:
1944:
1937:Miklian 2009
1928:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1874:
1868:
1863:, p. 8.
1856:
1837:
1827:
1821:. Kathmandu.
1819:Nepali Times
1818:
1808:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1780:, p. 19
1769:
1757:
1738:
1728:
1709:
1699:
1694:, p. 7.
1687:
1682:, p. 3.
1680:Miklian 2009
1661:
1648:
1639:
1629:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1597:
1593:
1580:
1574:. Aljazeera.
1565:
1548:
1544:
1512:
1506:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1445:
1435:
1416:
1390:
1358:
1351:
1337:
1330:
1317:
1310:
1298:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1254:
1250:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1195:
1185:
1176:
1166:
1157:
1153:
1116:
1112:
1090:
1080:
1068:
1056:
1037:
1005:
1001:
971:
964:Whelpton, J.
946:
936:
917:
913:
903:
878:
874:
864:
851:
795:
783:
771:
767:
734:
711:
686:
645:
620:Krishnanagar
609:
602:
593:Baháʼí Faith
571:Christianity
541:
533:
492:
476:
457:
410:
394:
390:
353:
332:Rana dynasty
311:
285:
277:
270:
268:
259:Tharu people
200:
195:
182:to refer to
155:
154:
138:
125:
100:
92:
84:
37:Ethnic group
34:
22:Madesi tribe
3470:Witch-hunts
3425:Bratabandha
3369:Tamu Lhosar
3103:Agriculture
2817:Environment
2546:Tibetan War
2476:Unification
2438:Baise Rajya
2263:25 December
1939:, p. 5
1802:(1): 65–68.
1623:(1): 41–61.
1119:: 802–833.
360:citizenship
354:In 1952, a
328:Immigration
323:Koshi River
314:Shah rulers
278:madhya desh
255:West Bengal
203:Hindu caste
186:with a non-
3207:Literature
3130:(currency)
3055:Kathmandu
3025:Biratnagar
2902:Parliament
2807:West Rapti
2785:(Ghaghara)
2702:Dhaulagiri
2481:Kalu Pande
2394:Amshuverma
2330:Bhadrabahu
1949:Kabir 2012
1933:Kabir 2012
1861:Kabir 2012
1778:Kabir 2013
1762:Kabir 2013
1692:Kabir 2012
1303:Kabir 2012
1205:0801487285
1160:(1): 1–20.
1073:Kabir 2013
1061:Kabir 2013
829:References
802:hydropower
796:After the
726:Nepal Army
340:Rajbanshis
174:region of
60:13,318,705
3296:Festivals
3202:Languages
3197:Education
3156:Workforce
3151:Transport
3136:Squatting
3118:Companies
3068:Nepalgunj
3057:(capital)
3020:Bharatpur
2992:Provinces
2987:Districts
2979:Divisions
2931:President
2919:Communism
2880:Elections
2801:(Gandaki)
2799:Narayani
2712:Annapurna
2682:Himalayas
2674:Mountains
2661:Geography
2626:Civil war
2577:Panchayat
2561:Tribhuvan
2528:Rana rule
2198:CiteSeerX
2179:cite book
1920:154365607
895:146986746
775:terrorism
706:Panchayat
690:Kathmandu
677:jackfruit
626:teaching
538:Religions
489:Languages
472:Rajasthan
437:Kshatriya
269:The word
265:Etymology
190:as their
148:Christian
75:Languages
3573:Category
3553:Category
3490:Intersex
3465:Abortion
3445:Antyesti
3440:Shraddha
3339:Gadhimai
3269:Buddhism
3264:Hinduism
3259:Religion
3063:Lalitpur
3050:Janakpur
2890:Military
2858:Politics
2840:Wildlife
2783:Karnali
2491:Monarchs
2428:Arimalla
2417:Medieval
2399:Bhrikuti
2389:Manadeva
2371:Yalamber
2307:articles
2257:BBC News
2065:17 April
2040:17 April
2014:17 April
1500:: 61–68.
1477:: 78–87.
1125:44148000
966:(1997).
849:(2007).
812:See also
765:people.
718:literacy
683:Politics
636:endogamy
624:Mawlawis
577:Prakriti
559:Buddhism
547:Hinduism
526:691,546
499:Bhojpuri
495:Maithili
449:Kushwaha
275:Sanskrit
231:Bhojpuri
227:Maithils
221:people,
211:Marwaris
205:groups,
196:Madheshi
122:Hinduism
111:Religion
89:Bhojpuri
81:Maithili
3530:Outline
3394:Chhechu
3359:Ubhauli
3354:Udhauli
3304:Dashain
3182:Cuisine
3170:Culture
3146:Tourism
3091:Economy
3073:Pokhara
3045:Itahari
3040:Hetauda
3030:Birgunj
2707:Manaslu
2404:Araniko
2323:Ancient
2315:History
2247:. 2019.
1290:4370703
1263:4408986
1014:4419601
642:Cuisine
616:madrasa
605:animism
583:Jainism
503:Bajjika
483:married
460:ziyarat
429:Kalawar
421:Brahman
399:Culture
344:Dhimals
300:History
286:Madhesh
271:madhesh
239:Bajjika
215:Brahmin
207:Muslims
184:Nepalis
97:Bajjika
3558:Portal
3480:Health
3458:Issues
3415:Nwaran
3384:Chhath
3319:Swonti
3314:Mohani
3242:People
3128:Rupee
3108:Energy
3012:Cities
2793:(Kosi)
2791:Koshi
2770:Rivers
2697:Makalu
2421:modern
2305:
2259:. 2015
2200:
2167:
2010:. 2004
1918:
1881:
1844:
1745:
1716:
1519:
1452:
1423:
1366:
1288:
1261:
1202:
1123:
1044:
1012:
978:
893:
763:Muslim
722:Dalits
673:banana
665:papaya
661:lychee
632:Hadith
511:Awadhi
441:Kumhar
364:Nepali
336:Tharus
319:Bihari
235:Awadhi
160:Nepali
139:·
137:
126:·
124:
101:·
99:
93:·
91:
85:·
83:
3537:Index
3500:Women
3435:Bahra
3420:Pasni
3399:Jatra
3309:Tihar
3286:Sport
3274:Islam
3227:Media
3212:Music
3035:Damak
2740:Terai
2723:Areas
2639:April
2303:Nepal
2161:(PDF)
1916:S2CID
1658:(PDF)
1600:: 18.
1590:(PDF)
1395:(PDF)
1343:(PDF)
1322:(PDF)
1286:JSTOR
1259:JSTOR
1150:(PDF)
1121:JSTOR
1010:JSTOR
891:S2CID
856:(PDF)
759:Tharu
700:as a
698:Hindi
669:guava
657:mango
628:Quran
612:nikah
597:Sikhs
565:Kirat
553:Islam
445:Kurmi
433:Kewat
425:Dhobi
417:Bania
413:caste
348:Awadh
247:Bihar
225:like
219:Dalit
176:Nepal
172:Terai
164:मधेशी
141:
135:Islam
128:
103:
95:
87:
3495:LGBT
3379:Holi
3186:wine
2949:list
2778:Arun
2265:2015
2185:link
2165:ISBN
2067:2017
2042:2017
2016:2017
1879:ISBN
1842:ISBN
1743:ISBN
1714:ISBN
1517:ISBN
1475:XVII
1450:ISBN
1421:ISBN
1364:ISBN
1200:ISBN
1042:ISBN
976:ISBN
761:and
748:and
735:The
728:and
675:and
652:Rice
630:and
509:and
507:Urdu
466:and
453:Teli
451:and
342:and
253:and
237:and
217:and
105:Urdu
3430:Ihi
3329:Eid
2643:May
2419:and
2094:doi
1908:doi
1553:doi
1339:190
1229:doi
922:doi
883:doi
589:Bon
470:in
3575::
2641:-
2255:.
2243:.
2181:}}
2177:{{
2136:.
2117:.
2090:45
2088:.
2084:.
2058:.
2033:.
2006:.
1972:.
1968:.
1956:^
1914:.
1904:35
1902:.
1836:.
1817:.
1800:29
1798:.
1794:.
1670:^
1638:.
1621:17
1619:.
1615:.
1596:.
1592:.
1547:.
1543:.
1531:^
1498:29
1496:.
1492:.
1473:.
1444:.
1415:.
1403:^
1378:^
1282:17
1280:.
1255:35
1253:.
1241:^
1223:.
1194:.
1175:.
1158:11
1156:.
1152:.
1133:^
1117:67
1115:.
1099:^
1089:.
1022:^
1006:42
1004:.
990:^
955:^
945:.
918:25
916:.
912:.
889:.
879:50
877:.
873:.
836:^
679:.
671:,
667:,
663:,
659:,
638:.
622:.
607:.
505:,
501:,
497:,
455:.
447:,
443:,
439:,
435:,
431:,
427:,
423:,
419:,
338:,
296:.
257:.
249:,
233:,
229:,
213:,
209:,
162::
3188:)
3184:(
2552:)
2548:(
2295:e
2288:t
2281:v
2267:.
2206:.
2187:)
2173:.
2121:.
2102:.
2096::
2069:.
2044:.
2018:.
1974:5
1922:.
1910::
1887:.
1850:.
1751:.
1722:.
1598:6
1559:.
1555::
1549:5
1525:.
1458:.
1429:.
1372:.
1292:.
1265:.
1235:.
1231::
1225:2
1208:.
1127:.
1050:.
1016:.
984:.
930:.
924::
897:.
885::
599:.
158:(
31:.
24:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
