528:(MRPS) to demand the categorization of the SC reservation quota to ensure equitable distribution of state allocations for all the constituent castes in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, with implications extending beyond these states. This movement, more popularly known as the Madiga Dandora movement, held dharnas, mass rallies, rail rokos, and other activities to publicize for the demand of sub-classification within the Scheduled Caste category, with a focus on securing internal reservations for the Madiga community and other marginalized Dalit subgroups. This demand arose due to the growing disparities within the SC category, with some communities having more access to educational and employment opportunities than others. The MRPS has united not only the Madiga community but also other smaller marginalized groups, often referred to as "satellite castes," who face similar socio-economic challenges. The movement's bipartisan approach, engaging with various political parties to push for its demands, has drawn both support and criticism, with some accusing it of dividing the larger Dalit movement.
508:, Madigas, and other Dalit castes but also among marginalized leaders from the Backward Classes (BC). But when the media focused on the BSP in Andhra Pradesh, the Dalits felt that the local media was biased and only talked about problems within the BSP. This sudden rise of Dalit voices made the Congress and TDP change their election strategies. The Congress tried to get the votes of BSP supporters, and the TDP introduced popular programs. The TDP's efforts paid off, and they won big in the
31:
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enthusiasm of the
Madigas, they eventually abandoned these movements upon realizing that the upper castes continued to treat them with the same contempt as before. Subsequently, they turned to secular paths for upliftment, such as pursuing education and changing occupations, opportunities that were further opened up to them through the reservation system.
553:
Modi expressed that he didn't attend the meeting to make requests but to seek forgiveness on behalf of those who deceived the Madiga
Community. Modi acknowledged Manda Krishna as his younger brother and announced that the Union government would establish a committee to evaluate the community's demands.
432:
to landlords for a certain number of days during peak periods of agricultural labour. When payment was made, it was less than what was paid to the rest of the farmers. In some areas, landlords allocated land to Dalits, mainly
Madigas, and provided initial resources. In return, tenants worked on the
253:
Culturally, the Madiga community excels as traditional performers, particularly through their street plays, known as Chindi Madiga (with Chindu being an art form akin to
Bharatanatyam). Their presence is indispensable at Hindu festivals, marriages, pujas, and final rites, as their traditional dappu
411:
The occupation of the Madiga community is primarily associated with tanning leather, making footwear, belts, pouches, toddy-containers and bags which were provided to different castes as needed. Additionally, the Madiga community is known for their expertise in crafting the traditional drum called
552:
On
November 11, 2023, Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended the Madigala Vishwaroopa Sabha, where Krishna Madiga appealed to him for a resolution to the 30-year-old peaceful struggle for social justice for the Madiga community within the Scheduled Castes (SCs). Following Krishna Madiga's address,
549:. During this meeting, Modi promised to amend the Constitution to implement internal reservations within the SC category. In a related development, the A.J. Sadashiva Commission, in its report submitted in 2012, has recommended internal reservation within the 15 per cent Dalit quota in Karnataka.
249:
Their ability to create valuable items from waste materials, such as musical instruments like the dappu and kanjiura, is a testament to their ingenuity. They also craft high-quality ropes, brooms, and agricultural tools essential for farmers' daily lives. Their craftsmanship extends to producing
436:
The first social reform movements, driven by paternalistic upper-caste leaders, aimed to uplift the
Madigas by encouraging them to adopt upper-caste customs and traditions. This involved forsaking practices such as alcohol consumption and rituals like the buffalo sacrifice. Despite the initial
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who disavow any caste affiliation are not eligible for these reservations. Consequently, Dalits who opt for
Christianity risk losing their eligibility for the government's affirmative action program. This program, established in accordance with a 1950 presidential order, extends its benefits
257:
Despite misconceptions about untouchability, which were related to their specific tanning work and the need to maintain purity during this process, it's essential to recognize that this was a limited practice related to a specific context. Historically, there was some jealousy towards their
199:
diety, Dakkali, Dakkala or
Dakkali is the name of a class of mendicants who beg from Mādigas only, Mashti, a nomadic tribe with martial art skills has by and large gone unnoticed in this part of East Godavari. They are unknown to many beyond the district and deprived of any support from the
440:
After the 1960s, significant changes occurred in Madiga livelihoods. The introduction of the Green
Revolution led to more capital-intensive farming and mechanization, increasing the need for laborers. Additionally, industrially-produced goods began dominating rural markets, undermining the
428:. Their responsibilities included street cleaning, carrying government officials luggage, helping with revenue collection, maintaining peace as watchmen, household and farm chores for their landlord family. In the past, Madigas were obligated to provide free labor under the
512:, while the BSP didn't do well. People believed that the Mahasabha, which had originally aimed for social change, moving into politics, was bad for the fight against caste discrimination in Andhra Pradesh. This led to the breakup of grassroots activists and their leaders.
581:
denominations respectively, while still maintaining their caste identities. It's worth noting that most of the individuals who adopted
Christianity continue to identify as Hindu to secure their eligibility for Scheduled Caste reservations. This is due to the fact that
246:, who helped the gods out of a difficulty. The Madiga community is truly remarkable and admirable. They embody simplicity and innovation within the Hindu tradition. Known for their self-employment, they perform incredible feats with their skills and resourcefulness.
441:
traditional occupations of Madiga leather artisans. This pushed many Madigas as agriculture laborers, increasing their dependence on landlords. The Green Revolution benefited the upper castes but left landless Madiga and Mala laborers facing continued exploitation.
193:. Within the Madiga community, there are various sub-castes include Bindla they work mostly known to make shoes, Chindu They are nomadic performing caste, Chindus constantly travel to different villages and live with Madigas they can be identified as worshippers of
540:
had proportional representation in the quota. The commission recommended a four-fold classification of SCs for reservation benefit: 1% for group D (Rellis and related), 7% for group B (Madigas and related), 6% for group C (Malas and related) and 1% for Adi Andhra.
416:. A significant portion of the Madiga population traditionally worked as cobblers. They specialized in crafting and repairing footwear. They are also village drummers who use Dandora or Dappu in festivals, death and marriage ceremony and announcements.
419:
Some Madigas were traditionally engaged in various village services, including activities like horn-blowing, drum-beating, removal of animal carcasses, cleaning of public spaces and menial tasks. In exchange for their services, they received
544:
Earlier, TDP and Congress in the state made efforts to categorize SCs based on their level of backwardness, but these initiatives were met with legal challenges. In 2013, the movement gained significant momentum when Krishna Madiga, met
286:
Madigas constituted 48.27% of the total Scheduled Caste population with a population of 6,702,609. While Malas constituted 40.11%. Around 3.4 million Madigas live in Andhra Pradesh and another 3.3 million lives throughout Telangana.
625:
in 2010 portrays caste-based societal dynamics during the 1940s, offering a perceptive examination of the prevailing prejudices. The film's perspective serves as a representation of the era's social intricacies.
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Their agitations led to a commission headed by justice Ramachandra Raju to examine the issue. In 1997, the commission published its report which found that reservation benefits had mainly gone to the Mala and
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2191:
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and other injustices committed by the landlords. However, in areas where the Left was not strong, the Dalits followed patronage systems and supported the Congress party, which was led by their
1577:
1532:
1950:
2383:
1976:
2357:
2330:
312:" in Tamil Nadu was officially designated as an umbrella term encompassing various communities, including Arunthathiyar, Chakkiliyan, Madari, Madiga, Pagadai, Thoti and
2277:
1027:
2437:
2244:
955:
2166:
496:, the DMS thought they could create a similar victory in Andhra Pradesh. With the political aspirations of the Dalits and some other backward classes (like the
2581:
2030:
1924:
573:. Notably, the act of converting to Christianity was prevalent among Dalits in Coastal Andhra. Among them, the Madigas and Malas chose to affiliate with the
838:
2218:
2515:
449:
Early politics related to Dalits, including Madigas, in Andhra Pradesh was centered around welfare schemes for them, a form of politics most typical of
509:
1899:
2540:
758:
493:
265:. Esteemed figures such as Maa Arundati and Matanga Maharshi hail from this community, reflecting their deep cultural and spiritual significance.
2633:
790:
200:
authorities. They are known as ‘Mala Mashtis’, Sangaris they are known for making handicrafts and wood carving. The priestly class is known as
2463:
1847:
901:
2710:
2686:
1872:
897:
771:
1217:
711:
204:
they are associated with temple worships and have had a long history of being agricultural land owners they are also worshippers of
1203:
2715:
877:
2304:
1057:
457:), social polarization took on a political hue: with Dalits being considered "rebellious" if they did not support the TDP. In
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2113:
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1385:
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1308:
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landlord's fields for nominal wages and received only 1/3 of the crop after harvest, maintaining their economic dependence.
1244:
715:
1108:
Still, Clarinda (1 April 2009). "From Militant Rejection to Pragmatic Consensus: Caste among Madigas in Andhra Pradesh".
820:
800:
278:
Madigas live mainly in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Karnataka, with small minorities in neighboring states. As per the
1647:
607:
The activists Lelle Suresh and Sabrina Francis made a documentary on the condition and culture of the community, titled
504:'s 1994 tour of Andhra Pradesh garnered significant popularity and spurred the awakening of leaders not only within the
911:
462:
1648:"Caste, Class and Social Articulation in Andhra Pradesh: Mapping Differential Regional Trajectories; Page 13, Page 19"
2725:
938:
851:
525:
36:
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In Karnataka, the Madigas make up 9.1% of the total Scheduled Caste population, totaling 953,913 individuals. In
2730:
921:
870:
810:
744:
283:
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1578:"The undying beat of the Dappu: How a traditional drum signifies dignity, revolution for the Madiga community"
1533:"The undying beat of the Dappu: How a traditional drum signifies dignity, revolution for the Madiga community"
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1412:"Caste, Class and Social Articulation in Andhra Pradesh:Mapping Differential Regional Trajectories; Page 40"
824:
786:
754:
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2673:
2192:"కత్తి మహేష్ను వాడుకుని వదిలేసిన వైసీపీ.. కనీసం, ఒక్క ఎమ్మెల్యే కూడా.. మంద కృష్ణమాదిగ సంచలన కామెంట్స్"
2079:"Centre Appoints Commission To Examine Possibility Of SC Status To Dalit Converts: A Change Of Heart?"
816:
1766:
1350:"India - A-10 Appendix: District wise scheduled caste population (Appendix), Andhra Pradesh - 2011"
806:
450:
2128:
2705:
735:
570:
1483:"India - A-10 Appendix: District wise scheduled caste population (Appendix), Maharashtra - 2011"
2720:
1719:
1458:"India - A-10 Appendix: District wise scheduled caste population (Appendix), Tamil Nadu - 2011"
847:
750:
731:
305:
In Tamil Nadu, their population is recorded at 5,929, and in Maharashtra, it stands at 15,318.
2683:
2652:
2422:
2015:
1433:"India - A-10 Appendix: District wise scheduled caste population (Appendix), Karnataka - 2011"
1377:
Dalits' Struggle for Social Justice in Andhra Pradesh (1956-2008): From Relays to Vacuum Tubes
1375:
1154:
Dalits' Struggle for Social Justice in Andhra Pradesh (1956-2008): From Relays to Vacuum Tubes
1152:
1781:
1753:
1001:
887:
762:
660:
634:
2653:"Affirmative Action, Group Rights and Democracy: The Mala-Madiga Conflict in Andhra Pradesh"
1925:"Behind that picture of PM Modi consoling Madiga leader, BJP's Dalit outreach in Telangana"
934:
866:
740:
521:
279:
1482:
1457:
1432:
1349:
8:
1003:
Post-Hindu India: A Discourse in Dalit-Bahujan, Socio-Spiritual and Scientific Revolution
950:
883:
656:
485:
190:
185:
and small handicrafts. Today, most are agricultural labourers. They are categorized as a
2410:
2031:"Will set up committee to consider demands of Madiga reservation: PM Modi in Hyderabad"
2003:
1701:
1693:
1133:
907:
617:
561:
While the majority of Madigas adhere to traditional practices within their villages in
454:
2093:
2660:
2627:
2534:
2391:
2252:
2219:"'Using the pen as a weapon': Remembering Telugu poet Gurram Jashua and his writings"
2167:"Telangana's last 12-step Kinnera player Mogulaiah wants govt to save dying art form"
2109:
2060:
1984:
1828:
1787:
1705:
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1329:
1304:
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1007:
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prosperity, and their diverse skills were not fully appreciated during British rule.
178:
2101:
1820:
1741:
1677:
1616:
1117:
917:
707:
481:
182:
1621:
1604:
2690:
1411:
1298:
857:
782:
622:
609:
489:
72:
48:
2516:"Telangana polls: RS Praveen Kumar banks on local Bahujan history to win Sirpur"
1605:"The Madiga: A Study in Social Structure and Change . T. R. Singh, K. S. Mathur"
2582:"I'm a Hindu and not Christian, says TDP MLA Anitha after old video goes viral"
1507:
1121:
796:
727:
690:
638:
566:
466:
429:
242:). This is related to the common origin story that the Madigas originated from
224:
162:
108:
80:
2142:
2699:
2395:
2256:
2105:
2064:
1988:
1832:
1689:
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1630:
1129:
767:
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537:
497:
309:
154:
2384:"MRPS chief wants 'big brother' Modi to help Madigas with SC categorisation"
1977:"MRPS chief wants 'big brother' Modi to help Madigas with SC categorisation"
1178:
1951:"Watch: PM Comforts Madiga Leader Who Got Emotional At His Telangana Rally"
980:
673:
505:
291:
206:
62:
2331:"బలహీనవర్గాలకు టీడీపీ ప్రాధాన్యం - తొలి జాబితాలోనే 20 మంది ఎస్సీలకు చోటు"
776:
629:
578:
562:
158:
134:
1808:
1697:
1665:
1824:
1809:"Dalit reconfiguration of caste: representation, identity and politics"
893:
842:
830:
583:
533:
501:
313:
174:
124:
30:
1745:
480:, the DMS (Dalit Maha Sabha) was unable to turn the Dalit anger after
2358:"TDP's Dalita Tejam aims at creating awareness on SC welfare schemes"
458:
424:
land. Those specifically involved in menial work were referred to as
263:
the Madiga community is highly respected within Hindu Sanatana Dharma
250:
durable shoes from animal hides, showcasing their versatile talents.
212:
170:
166:
120:
116:
112:
2094:"Legally Hindu: Dalit Lutheran Christians of Coastal Andhra Pradesh"
1559:
461:, Dalits and other backward communities formed the main base of the
1737:
1560:"Traditional Economy and Religious Life of Leather Working Madigas"
975:
965:
779:- former Minister of Social and Backward Classes Welfare, Karnataka
592:
574:
243:
195:
58:
1848:"Madiga Dandora: A force no political party can ignore or control"
1028:"Social ostracising of Scheduled Castes still rampant in society"
76:
2245:"Report sought on denial of entry of Dalit MP into Gollarahatti"
1204:"ఎమ్మార్పీఎస్ కు విరసం మద్దతు : వర్గీకరణ న్యాయబద్దమంటూ లేఖ"
1300:
Satellite Castes and Dependent Relations: Dalits in South India
960:
694:
588:
299:
2144:
Manda Krishna Madiga Great words About Palasa 1978 Movie | TV5
970:
596:
470:
295:
98:
2514:
Chandrashekar, Anjana Meenakshi,Nandini (16 October 2023).
2438:"Jan Ashirwad Yatra: BJP readies its new brand ambassadors"
1249:. Penguin Random House India Private Limited. p. 127.
860:- Former Minister of Finance, Power, and Housing and MP of
2657:
Rethinking State Politics in India: Regions within Regions
1900:"Education key for development of Dalit: Dr Praveen Kumar"
1738:"The Dalit movement and democratization in Andhra Pradesh"
956:
List of Scheduled Castes in Andhra Pradesh & Telangana
556:
484:
into setting the political discourse. However, after the
2100:, New Delhi: SAGE Publications India, pp. 149–168,
2098:
Margins of Faith: Dalit and Tribal Christianity in India
2057:
Influences of Hinduism on Christianity in Andhra Pradesh
1564:
INSTITUTE OF STUDIES ON LEATHER WORKERS (ISLW), Warangal
1374:
Jammanna, Akepogu; Sudhakar, Pasala (14 December 2016).
1151:
Jammanna, Akepogu; Sudhakar, Pasala (14 December 2016).
177:. Madigas are historically associated with the work of
2684:
Caste, Class and Social articulation in Andhra Pradesh
1720:"Land and Income Inequalities in Rural Andhra Pradesh"
2305:"Govt will protect 'tainted' KPSC ex-chief: Anjaneya"
1513:. Government of Tamil Nadu. 12 March 2009. p. 3
839:
Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying
2054:
1328:. Vidyanagar, Hyd: Pragma Publications. p. 8.
1179:"ఎస్సీ రిజర్వేషన్ వర్గీకరణ పోరాటానికి విరసం మద్దతు"
227:and Siraj-ul-Hasan speculated Madiga derived from
1783:Dalit Women: Honour and Patriarchy in South India
1276:. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 1053.
510:1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
2697:
2555:"డిప్యూటీ సీఎం తాటికొండ రాజయ్య అంతరంగం | Sakshi"
1373:
1150:
633:film released in 2020 tells primarily about the
494:1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
2608:"బీఆర్ ఎస్ మాజీ ఎమ్మెల్యే వేముల వీరేశం దారెటు?"
1666:"Social Mobility Among the Madiga of Karnataka"
1242:
791:Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
254:performances are integral to these ceremonies.
1663:
1380:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 222.
1243:Teltumbde, Anand; Yengde, Suraj (8 May 2024).
1157:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 222.
268:
2513:
2242:
1806:
1246:The Radical in Ambedkar: Critical Reflections
937:- Indian politician and activist, founder of
736:Minister of State in the Ministry of Railways
320:Madiga Population Distribution (2011 census)
2539:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2632:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1326:Cultural History of Madigas - A Brief Study
1323:
2092:M., Ashok Kumar; Robinson, Rowena (2010),
2091:
1296:
712:Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment
515:
2435:
1620:
1080:
565:and Telangana, most of those residing in
316:with a combined population of 2,150,285.
2464:"బాపట్ల ఎంపీ సీటుకు ఎమ్మెస్ రాజు ఖరారు"
2436:Hirehalli, Devaraj B. (18 August 2021).
2679:Liberative Motifs in the Dalit Religion
2243:Bhuvaneshwari, S. (18 September 2019).
1558:Manohar, Thallapally (1 January 2018).
1557:
1081:Gundimeda, Sambaiah (14 October 2015).
557:Religious Conversion and Caste Identity
536:communities, and neither the Madiga or
387:2.97% (2,150,285 including sub-castes)
219:
2698:
2605:
2382:Bureau, The Hindu (11 November 2023).
2381:
2355:
2328:
1975:Bureau, The Hindu (11 November 2023).
1974:
1735:
1419:Overseas Development Institute, London
1055:
999:
2579:
2329:Bharat, E. T. V. (26 February 2024).
2028:
1897:
1779:
1642:
1640:
1602:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1269:
1107:
1056:Madhav, K. V. S. (9 September 2004).
1006:. SAGE Publishing India. p. 51.
730:- first Dalit national president of
601:
587:exclusively to those who identify as
524:and Dandu Veeraiah Madiga formed the
2216:
2164:
2129:"1940 Lo Oka Gramam | filmibeat.com"
2029:Staff, T. N. M. (12 November 2023).
1845:
1786:. Taylor & Francis. p. 39.
1303:. Partridge Publishing. p. 21.
1297:Rajpramukh, K. E. (13 August 2013).
1084:Dalit Politics in Contemporary India
1051:
1049:
161:. They mainly live in the states of
2650:
2461:
928:
294:, the Madigas were one of the main
236:
13:
2711:Scheduled Castes of Andhra Pradesh
2644:
2217:Teja, Charan (28 September 2020).
1807:Satyanarayana, K. (October 2014).
1637:
1394:
1144:
1110:Journal of South Asian Development
898:Deputy Chief Minister of Telangana
772:Deputy Chief Minister of Karnataka
14:
2742:
2674:Jumba Puranam – Caste Origin myth
2580:Staff, T. N. M. (22 April 2018).
1410:K, Srinivasulu (September 2002).
1409:
1046:
645:
465:, who helped bring an end to the
2302:
876:Roopakala M Shashidhar - MLA of
526:Madiga Reservation Porata Samiti
91:
37:Madiga Reservation Porata Samiti
29:
2659:. Routledge. pp. 352–377.
2599:
2573:
2547:
2507:
2482:
2455:
2429:
2375:
2356:jangir, suresh (30 June 2018).
2349:
2322:
2296:
2270:
2236:
2210:
2184:
2165:Teja, Charan (1 October 2021).
2158:
2135:
2121:
2085:
2071:
2048:
2022:
1968:
1943:
1917:
1898:India, The Hans (8 July 2019).
1891:
1865:
1846:Teja, Charan (24 August 2022).
1839:
1800:
1780:Still, Clarinda (6 July 2017).
1773:
1736:Ratnam, K. Y. (December 2008).
1729:
1712:
1664:Chandrasekaran, Lalita (1992).
1657:
1596:
1570:
1551:
1525:
1508:"Tamil Nadu Government Gazette"
1500:
1475:
1450:
1425:
1367:
1342:
1317:
1290:
1273:People of India: Andhra Pradesh
1263:
1236:
331:Percentage in State Population
273:
1210:
1196:
1171:
1101:
1074:
1058:"Starring Madiga and dappu..."
1020:
993:
492:alliance came to power in the
35:Madiga community members at a
1:
2716:Scheduled Castes of Karnataka
1622:10.1525/aa.1974.76.1.02a00720
1324:Thallapally, Manohar (2016).
1224:(in Telugu). 5 September 2014
986:
701:
684:
676:- Film critic and actor from
635:caste discrimination in India
613:, which was released in 2004.
406:
2655:. In Kumar, Ashutosh (ed.).
2055:Senftleben, Martin. (1992).
1218:"అట్టడుగు ఆక్రందనలు వినాలి!"
478:1991 Indian general election
453:. With the rise of the TDP (
298:communities, along with the
7:
2606:Velugu, V6 (20 July 2023).
1603:Khare, R. S. (March 1974).
944:
444:
269:Distribution and occupation
173:, with a small minority in
10:
2747:
2490:"YSR Congress Party MLA's"
1122:10.1177/097317410900400102
240: great man come down
2689:28 September 2007 at the
2278:"Who was Bangaru Laxman?"
1873:"Politics in Dalit quota"
817:Kothapalli Samuel Jawahar
720:N. Rachaiah - former MP,
140:
130:
104:
86:
68:
54:
44:
28:
23:
2726:South Indian communities
2468:Andhrajyothy Telugu News
2106:10.4135/9788132106043.n7
1682:10.1177/0038022919920107
886:- Politician and former
807:Kolikapudi Srinivasa Rao
1609:American Anthropologist
1000:Ilaiah, Kancha (2009).
667:
650:
571:Protestant Christianity
516:Madiga Dandora movement
2442:The New Indian Express
1761:Cite journal requires
751:Damodar Raja Narasimha
659:- Kinnera artist from
476:Initially, during the
2731:Leatherworking castes
2462:ABN (19 March 2024).
1670:Sociological Bulletin
1270:Singh, K. S. (1992).
763:United Andhra Pradesh
759:Deputy Chief Minister
661:Nagarkurnool district
284:United Andhra Pradesh
1904:www.thehansindia.com
935:Manda Krishna Madiga
867:Nallagatla Swamy Das
741:Chirumarthi Lingaiah
641:in the 1970s period.
522:Manda Krishna Madiga
220:Origin and Mythology
16:Caste in South India
2651:Pai, Sudha (2011).
951:Karamchedu massacre
884:R. S. Praveen Kumar
693:- Telugu poet from
657:Darshanam Mogilaiah
486:Bahujan Samaj Party
321:
308:In 2009, the term "
191:Government of India
2421:has generic name (
2014:has generic name (
1931:. 14 November 2023
1929:The Indian Express
1825:10.1111/criq.12137
1813:Critical Quarterly
1487:censusindia.gov.in
1462:censusindia.gov.in
1437:censusindia.gov.in
1354:censusindia.gov.in
908:Vangalapudi Anitha
821:Minister of Excise
618:1940 Lo Oka Gramam
602:In popular culture
455:Telugu Desam Party
319:
123: •
119: •
115: •
111: •
79: •
75: •
2666:978-0-415-59777-7
2115:978-81-321-0467-4
2081:. 7 October 2022.
1793:978-1-351-58819-5
1387:978-1-4438-4496-3
1335:978-93-84845-30-8
1310:978-1-4828-1057-8
1283:978-81-7671-006-0
1256:978-93-5305-313-0
1164:978-1-4438-4496-3
1094:978-1-317-38104-4
1034:. 16 October 2018
1013:978-93-5280-197-8
835:Minister of State
734:, former M.P and
678:Chittoor district
621:film directed by
404:
403:
148:
147:
2738:
2670:
2638:
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2623:
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2240:
2234:
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2214:
2208:
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2205:
2203:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2013:
2009:
2007:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1879:. 2 October 2020
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1777:
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1764:
1759:
1757:
1749:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1676:(1/2): 119–144.
1661:
1655:
1654:
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1635:
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1624:
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1594:
1593:
1591:
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1053:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1024:
1018:
1017:
997:
929:Social Activists
918:Vemula Veeresham
914:, Andhra Pradesh
878:Kolar Gold Field
873:, Andhra Pradesh
854:, Andhra Pradesh
827:, Andhra Pradesh
813:, Andhra Pradesh
787:Cabinet Minister
708:A. Narayanaswamy
697:, Andhra Pradesh
680:, Andhra Pradesh
482:Tsundur massacre
322:
318:
241:
238:
105:Populated states
97:
95:
94:
33:
21:
20:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2696:
2695:
2691:Wayback Machine
2667:
2647:
2645:Further reading
2642:
2641:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2615:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2586:The News Minute
2578:
2574:
2564:
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2553:
2552:
2548:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2522:
2520:The News Minute
2512:
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2407:
2400:
2398:
2380:
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2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2335:ETV Bharat News
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2225:
2223:The News Minute
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2171:The News Minute
2163:
2159:
2150:
2148:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2090:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2035:The News Minute
2027:
2023:
2011:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1991:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1852:The News Minute
1844:
1840:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1778:
1774:
1762:
1760:
1751:
1750:
1734:
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1718:
1717:
1713:
1662:
1658:
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1646:
1645:
1638:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1584:. 12 April 2020
1576:
1575:
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1542:
1540:
1539:. 12 April 2020
1531:
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1215:
1211:
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1172:
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1106:
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1079:
1075:
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1054:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1014:
998:
994:
989:
947:
931:
902:Station Ghanpur
858:Malyala Rajaiah
799:- former MLA,
783:K. H. Muniyappa
704:
687:
670:
653:
648:
623:Narasimha Nandi
604:
559:
518:
490:Samajwadi Party
451:Indian Congress
447:
409:
276:
271:
239:
222:
187:Scheduled Caste
92:
90:
49:Scheduled caste
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2744:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2706:Telugu society
2694:
2693:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2598:
2572:
2559:www.sakshi.com
2546:
2506:
2494:www.sakshi.com
2481:
2454:
2428:
2374:
2362:The Hans India
2348:
2321:
2295:
2284:. 1 March 2014
2269:
2235:
2209:
2196:Samayam Telugu
2183:
2157:
2147:, 9 March 2020
2134:
2120:
2114:
2084:
2070:
2047:
2021:
1967:
1942:
1916:
1890:
1864:
1838:
1799:
1792:
1772:
1763:|journal=
1728:
1711:
1656:
1636:
1615:(1): 144–145.
1595:
1569:
1550:
1524:
1499:
1474:
1449:
1424:
1393:
1386:
1366:
1341:
1334:
1316:
1309:
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1195:
1170:
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1143:
1100:
1093:
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1045:
1019:
1012:
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988:
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978:
973:
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958:
953:
946:
943:
942:
941:
930:
927:
926:
925:
915:
905:
891:
881:
874:
869:- former MLA,
864:
855:
845:
828:
814:
804:
797:K. Pushpaleela
794:
780:
774:
765:
748:
743:- former MLA,
738:
728:Bangaru Laxman
725:
722:Chamarajanagar
718:
703:
700:
699:
698:
691:Gurram Jashuva
686:
683:
682:
681:
669:
666:
665:
664:
652:
649:
647:
646:Notable people
644:
643:
642:
639:untouchability
626:
614:
603:
600:
569:have embraced
567:Coastal Andhra
558:
555:
517:
514:
446:
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408:
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389:
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346:
343:
340:
339:Andhra Pradesh
336:
335:
332:
329:
326:
275:
272:
270:
267:
225:Edgar Thurston
221:
218:
163:Andhra Pradesh
159:southern India
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
109:Andhra Pradesh
106:
102:
101:
88:
84:
83:
70:
66:
65:
56:
52:
51:
46:
45:Classification
42:
41:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2743:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:Indian castes
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2692:
2688:
2685:
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2332:
2325:
2310:
2309:Deccan Herald
2306:
2299:
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2250:
2246:
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2220:
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2161:
2146:
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2074:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2017:
2005:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
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1803:
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1768:
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1707:
1703:
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1199:
1184:
1183:avaninews.com
1180:
1174:
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1147:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1087:. Routledge.
1086:
1085:
1077:
1062:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1033:
1029:
1023:
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1009:
1005:
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948:
940:
936:
933:
932:
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913:
912:Payakaraopeta
909:
906:
903:
899:
895:
892:
889:
885:
882:
879:
875:
872:
868:
865:
863:
859:
856:
853:
849:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
829:
826:
822:
818:
815:
812:
808:
805:
802:
801:Ibrahimpatnam
798:
795:
792:
788:
784:
781:
778:
775:
773:
769:
768:Govind Karjol
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
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742:
739:
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733:
729:
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631:
627:
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619:
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606:
605:
599:
598:
594:
590:
585:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
554:
550:
548:
547:Narendra Modi
542:
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535:
529:
527:
523:
513:
511:
507:
503:
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327:
324:
323:
317:
315:
311:
310:Arunthathiyar
306:
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133:
129:
126:
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118:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
89:
85:
82:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2656:
2616:. Retrieved
2611:
2601:
2591:27 September
2589:. Retrieved
2585:
2575:
2563:. Retrieved
2558:
2549:
2523:. Retrieved
2519:
2509:
2497:. Retrieved
2493:
2484:
2472:. Retrieved
2467:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2441:
2431:
2399:. Retrieved
2387:
2377:
2367:27 September
2365:. Retrieved
2361:
2351:
2339:. Retrieved
2334:
2324:
2314:27 September
2312:. Retrieved
2308:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2281:
2272:
2260:. Retrieved
2248:
2238:
2226:. Retrieved
2222:
2212:
2200:. Retrieved
2195:
2186:
2174:. Retrieved
2170:
2160:
2151:15 September
2149:, retrieved
2143:
2137:
2123:
2097:
2087:
2073:
2056:
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2034:
2024:
1992:. Retrieved
1980:
1970:
1958:. Retrieved
1954:
1945:
1933:. Retrieved
1928:
1919:
1909:15 September
1907:. Retrieved
1903:
1893:
1883:15 September
1881:. Retrieved
1876:
1867:
1857:15 September
1855:. Retrieved
1851:
1841:
1819:(3): 46–61.
1816:
1812:
1802:
1782:
1775:
1754:cite journal
1731:
1714:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
1581:
1572:
1563:
1553:
1543:15 September
1541:. Retrieved
1536:
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1502:
1492:15 September
1490:. Retrieved
1486:
1477:
1467:15 September
1465:. Retrieved
1461:
1452:
1442:15 September
1440:. Retrieved
1436:
1427:
1418:
1376:
1369:
1359:15 September
1357:. Retrieved
1353:
1344:
1325:
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