657:
69:
470:
418:
699:, an integrated management program should be implemented to avoid overuse of a single control method and fight against genetic resistance. For example, eliminating crop residue could reduce the occurrence of overwintering and discourage inoculation in subsequent seasons. Another strategy would be to plant resistant rice varieties that are not as susceptible to infection by
1354:; Ebbole, D. J.; Farman, M. L.; Mitchell, T. K.; Orbach, M. J.; Thon, M; Kulkarni, R; Xu, J. R.; Pan, H; Read, N. D.; Lee, Y. H.; Carbone, I; Brown, D; Oh, Y. Y.; Donofrio, N; Jeong, J. S.; Soanes, D. M.; Djonovic, S; Kolomiets, E; Rehmeyer, C; Li, W; Harding, M; Kim, S; Lebrun, M. H.; Bohnert, H; Coughlan, S; Butler, J; Calvo, S; et al. (2005).
2345:
NhaniJĂşnior, Antonio; CastroagudĂn, Vanina Lilián; Reges, Juliana T. de Assis; Ceresini, Paulo Cezar; Ravel, Sebastien; Kellner, Ronny; Fournier, Elisabeth; Tharreau, Didier; Lebrun, Marc-Henri; McDonald, Bruce A.; Stitt, Timothy; Swan, Daniel; Talbot, Nicholas J.; Saunders, Diane G. O.; Win, Joe; Kamoun, Sophien (2016-10-03).
813:
Rice blast is the most important disease concerning rice crops in the world. Since rice is an important food source for much of the world, its effects have a broad range. It has been found in over 85 countries across the world and reached the United States in 1996. Every year the amount of crops lost
447:
Rice blast has been observed on rice strains M-201, M-202, M-204, M-205, M-103, M-104, S-102, L-204, Calmochi-101, with M-201 being the most vulnerable. Initial symptoms are white to gray-green lesions or spots with darker borders produced on all parts of the shoot, while older lesions are elliptical
44:
643:
and not from any geographically proximate strains. This successful diagnosis shows the ability of genetic surveillance to untangle the novel biosecurity implications of transcontinental transportation and allows the
Brazilian experience to be rapidly applied to the Bangladeshi situation. To that end
526:
A single cycle can be completed in about a week under favorable conditions where one lesion can generate up to thousands of spores in a single night. Disease lesions, however, can appear in three to four days after infection. With the ability to continue to produce the spores for over 20 days, rice
2344:
Islam, M. Tofazzal; Croll, Daniel; Gladieux, Pierre; Soanes, Darren M.; Persoons, Antoine; Bhattacharjee, Pallab; Hossain, Md. Shaid; Gupta, Dipali Rani; Rahman, Md. Mahbubur; Mahboob, M. Golam; Cook, Nicola; Salam, Moin U.; Surovy, Musrat Zahan; Sancho, Vanessa Bueno; Maciel, JoĂŁo
Leodato Nunes;
460:
neck node. Internodal infection of the culm occurs in a banded pattern. Nodal infection causes the culm to break at the infected node (rotten neck). It also affects reproduction by causing the host to produce fewer seeds. This is caused by the disease preventing maturation of the actual grain.
707:
and its need for free moisture suggest other control strategies such as regulated irrigation and a combination of chemical treatments with different modes of action. Managing the amount of water supplied to the crops limits spore mobility thus dampening the opportunity for infection. Chemical
1967:
563:
Rice blast is a significant problem in temperate regions and can be found in areas such as irrigated lowland and upland. Conditions conducive for rice blast include long periods of free moisture and/or high humidity, because leaf wetness is required for infection.
583:
to the pathogen as the plant is placed in a weakened state and its defenses are low. Flooding and draining fields is normal in rice growing, however leaving a field drained for extended periods also favors infection as that will aerate the soil, converting
405:. Rice blast causes economically significant crop losses annually. Each year it is estimated to destroy enough rice to feed more than 60 million people. The fungus is known to occur in 85 countries worldwide and as of 2003 was the most devastating
2251:
Tembo, Batiseba; Mulenga, Rabson M.; Sichilima, Suwilanji; m'Siska, Kenneth K.; Mwale, Moses; Chikoti, Patrick C.; Singh, Pawan K.; He, Xinyao; Pedley, Kerry F.; Peterson, Gary L.; Singh, Ravi P.; Braun, Hans J. (2020).
2542:
Rosa, Stefano; Pesaresi, Paolo; Mizzotti, Chiara; Bulone, Vincent; Mezzetti, Bruno; Baraldi, Elena; Masiero, Simona (2021). "Game-changing alternatives to conventional fungicides: small RNAs and short peptides".
448:
or spindle-shaped and whitish to gray with necrotic borders. Lesions may enlarge and coalesce to kill the entire leaf. Symptoms are observed on all above-ground parts of the plant. Lesions can be seen on the
2602:
814:
to rice blast could feed 60 million people. Although there are some resistant strains of rice, the disease persists wherever rice is grown. The disease has never been eradicated from a region.
959:
through its maintenance of redox homeostasis in peroxisomes. Lipids transported to the appressoria during host penetration are degraded within a large central vacuole, a process that produces
1211:
loci, respectively), have been studied extensively and are nonpathogenic. This is due to an inability to cross the plant cuticle because of the lack of melanin deposition in the appressorium.
1644:
988:
mutants lacking the AGT1 gene were observed to be nonpathogenic through their inability to penetrate host surface membranes. This indicates the possibility of impaired lipid utilization in
3094:
3085:
3683:
2225:
3010:
479:
The pathogen infects as a spore that produces lesions or spots on parts of the rice plant such as the leaf, leaf collar, panicle, culm and culm nodes. Using a structure called an
2722:
2423:
1998:
Sakulkoo, Wasin; Osés-Ruiz, Miriam; Oliveira Garcia, Ely; Soanes, Darren; Littlejohn, George; Hacker, Christian; Correia, Ana; Valent, Barbara; Talbot, Nicholas (23 Mar 2018).
3016:
2460:
1919:
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1532:
Khan, Mohammad Ashik Iqbal; Rejwan
Bhuiyan, Mohammad; Hossain, Mohammad Shahadat; Pratim Sen, Partha; Ara, Anjuman; Abubakar Siddique, Md; Ansar Ali, Md (2014).
2619:
511:
and maintained by the aforementioned appressorial melanin. The pathogen is able to move between the plant cells using its invasive hyphae to enter through
3663:
1951:
1227:
2599:
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increases with high relative humidity and at 25–28 °C (77–82 °F), spore germination, lesion formation, and sporulation are at optimum levels.
3557:
3205:
904:
3319:
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3042:
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have been shown to prevent penetration of the appressoria into rice epidermal cells, leaving the grain unaffected. Papajani et al. 2015 finds the
3951:
3822:
3005:
2146:
Liu, Xinyu; Zhang, Zhengguang (2022). "A double-edged sword: reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the rice blast fungus and host interaction".
2205:
709:
449:
1915:
4027:
4012:
2229:
2159:
1466:
1587:
660:
948:, and yet that was then shown to be unnecessary in this model. This demonstrates significant variety in cellular function within fungi.
3120:
1409:
Couch, B. C.; Kohn, L. M. (2002). "A multilocus gene genealogy concordant with host preference indicates segregation of a new species,
978:, which must be oxidized in order to maintain redox homeostasis in appressoria. AGT1 promotes lactate fermentation, oxidizing NADH/FADH
370:
complex. Confusion on which of these two names to use for the rice blast pathogen remains, as both are now used by different authors.
2434:
350:
containing at least two biological species that have clear genetic differences and do not interbreed. Complex members isolated from
3938:
3796:
3678:
3673:
3214:
3562:
3058:
931:, however it turns out to be both vital to the female mating process and in appressorium function and pathogenicity as a whole.
850:), have been extensively studied because they are nonpathogenic. This has been found to be due to their inability to synthesize
3668:
919:
913:
752:
2645:"Peroxisomal Alanine: Glyoxylate Aminotransferase AGT1 Is Indispensable for Appressorium Function of the Rice Blast Pathogen,
1981:
1781:
3198:
3128:
2505:
1735:
1533:
3263:
1786:
692:
539:
1795:
1585:
Roumen, E. C. (1992). "Partial resistance to neck blast influenced by stage of panicle development and rice genotype".
1502:
17:
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975:
4022:
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Wilson, Richard; Talbot, Nicholas (1 Mar 2009). "Under pressure: investigating the biology of plant infection by
1844:
Couch, B. C.; Fudal, I; Lebrun, M. H.; Tharreau, D; Valent, B; Van Kim, P; Nottéghem, J. L.; Kohn, L. M. (2005).
1477:
1923:
935:
3612:
1145:
3748:
616:
1297:(2004). "The rice leaf blast pathogen undergoes developmental processes typical of root-infecting fungi".
1004:
for quantitative disease resistance in plants. The rice plant responds to the blast pathogen by releasing
923:. Defective mutant yeast are somewhat or entirely restored in mating function if they are given a copy of
4007:
3284:
2088:
1250:
968:
360:. The remaining members of the complex isolated from rice and a variety of other hosts have been renamed
2934:"Gene targeting by the TAL effector PthXo2 reveals cryptic resistance gene for bacterial blight of rice"
2883:
Marchal, Clemence; Michalopoulou, Vassiliki A.; Zou, Zhou; Cevik, Volkan; Sarris, Panagiotis F. (2022).
68:
3334:
3289:
3165:
2775:
St.Clair, Dina (2010). "Quantitative
Disease Resistance and Quantitative Resistance Loci in Breeding".
2155:
1154:
3979:
3930:
3876:
3850:
3788:
3688:
3602:
2716:
Bhadauria, Vijai; Banniza, Sabine; Vandenberg, Albert; Selvaraj, Gopalan; Wei, Yangdou (2012-09-01).
2643:
Bhadauria, Vijai; Banniza, Sabine; Vandenberg, Albert; Selvaraj, Gopalan; Wei, Yangdou (2012-04-27).
2279:
744:
1538:
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alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (AGT1) has been shown to be crucial to the pathogenicity of
580:
552:
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of fatty acids is an energy producing process that generates Acetyl-CoA and the reduced molecules
4042:
4032:
4002:
3157:
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2068:
1927:
883:
680:
672:
548:
347:
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as it can reproduce both sexually and asexually to produce specialized infectious structures,
3653:
3582:
3516:
3496:
1963:
1850:
in crop domestication with subsequent expansion of pandemic clones on rice and weeds of rice"
645:
406:
163:
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3420:
3183:
2731:
2662:
2283:
2013:
1657:
1373:
1308:
1162:
684:
2620:"Supplement No. 1 to Part 774—The Commerce Control List | Bureau of Industry and Security"
2000:"A single fungal MAP kinase controls plant cell-to-cell invasion by the rice blast fungus"
8:
3627:
3577:
3531:
3526:
3506:
3481:
3425:
2226:"Researchers in Zambia confirm: Wheat blast has made the intercontinental jump to Africa"
1102:
572:
2827:"Biosynthesis and biological function of secondary metabolites of the rice blast fungus
2790:
2735:
2666:
2287:
2017:
1661:
1377:
1312:
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2855:
2826:
2752:
2693:
2644:
2582:
2519:
2457:"Biological Activity of Carpropamid (KTU 3616): A new fungicide for rice blast disease"
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2319:
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2179:
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1978:
1876:
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185:
63:
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2004:
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802:
756:
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2117:
1827:
1687:
1620:
1279:
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523:. After overwintering in sources such as rice straw and stubble, the cycle repeats.
3762:
3643:
3465:
3440:
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1723:
1665:
1600:
1551:
1506:
1428:
1381:
1364:
1316:
1299:
1259:
1158:
927:. It was therefore assumed that this must only be a mating and development gene in
823:
766:
718:
3917:
3037:
2562:
2424:"New infographic highlights an early warning system for wheat blast in Bangladesh"
2347:"Emergence of wheat blast in Bangladesh was caused by a South American lineage of
1336:
55:
3903:
3541:
3294:
3170:
2675:
2606:
2296:
1985:
1947:
1780:
Yarden, O.; Ebbole, D. J.; Freeman, S.; Rodriguez, R. J.; Dickman, M. B. (2003).
1547:
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130:
110:
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1803:
3925:
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3733:
3339:
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1715:
1555:
1534:"Neck blast disease influences grain yield and quality traits of aromatic rice"
1510:
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676:
576:
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335:
120:
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2515:
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1612:
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1518:
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1005:
748:
713:
512:
500:
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3149:
3075:ĺŠ č—¤ KatĹŤ, 肇 Hajime; 山口 Yamaguchi, 富夫 Tomio; 西原 Nishihara, 夏樹 Natsuki (1976).
2026:
1999:
755:(LAMP). The big advantages of the Thierry markers are that they do not miss
648:
has set up an early warning system to track its spread through the country.
3592:
3587:
3572:
3567:
3460:
3415:
3410:
3400:
3384:
3304:
2959:
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1328:
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1017:
1001:
952:
772:
Some innovative biologically-imitative fungicides are being developed from
624:
520:
480:
437:
394:
1968:
Online
Information Service for Non-Chemical Pest Management in the Tropics
1727:
628:
3809:
3742:
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3329:
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3299:
3238:
2989:
Rice Crop
Infestation in Three Counties Leads To Emergency Burn Agreement
2885:"Show me your ID: NLR immune receptors with integrated domains in plants"
2355:
2201:
1351:
1244:(2009). "Under pressure: Investigating the biology of plant infection by
1241:
1136:
565:
140:
2900:
2101:
1386:
1355:
1320:
1263:
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were shown to be required for mating in several other models, including
632:
3943:
3801:
3597:
3364:
2554:
2167:
2036:
1604:
1440:
960:
794:
612:
429:
100:
3814:
3166:
The official
Website of the International Rice Blast Genome Consortium
2950:
2933:
2743:
1997:
3969:
3840:
3455:
3450:
3268:
3258:
2064:
1719:
1634:
Titone, Patrizia; Mongiano, Gabriele; Tamborini, Luigi (2015-01-04).
1474:
1419:
1075:
773:
688:
668:
484:
352:
80:
43:
3704:
2717:
2480:
Fourmentin, Sophie; Crini, Grégorio; Lichtfouse, Eric, eds. (2018).
1432:
469:
3964:
3897:
3835:
3727:
3369:
3314:
3233:
3179:
at MetaPathogen: stages, tissues, mating types, strains, references
2653:
2270:
1531:
1139:(2003). "On the Trail of a Cereal Killer: Exploring the Biology of
787:
729:
585:
508:
51:
2715:
2642:
2448:
2130:
636:
3243:
3228:
1058:
that the fungus secretes during infection. Thus, this allows the
1043:
1024:
which prevents this accumulation and its resulting alarm signal.
1021:
851:
798:
777:
589:
519:
then sporulates from the diseased rice tissue to be dispersed as
492:
457:
2250:
1222:
Zeigler, RS; Leong, SA; Teeng, PS (1994). "Rice Blast
Disease."
886:
were just becoming possible, and being made available, in 2003.
3775:
3374:
3074:
2994:
2202:"Implications of corporate strategies on rice research in asia"
1089:
1012:
which produce the defense response. This accumulates as methyl-
900:
735:
The wheat blast strain can be diagnosed by sequencing. Thierry
640:
601:
504:
488:
390:
378:
331:
90:
3354:
2825:
Motoyama, Takayuki; Yun, Choong-Soo; Osada, Hiroyuki (2021).
2428:
995:
908:
605:
499:
generated during this process is sufficient to penetrate the
473:
417:
382:
3213:
2932:
Zhou, Junhui; Peng, Zhao; Long, Juying; et al. (2015).
2882:
1846:"Origins of host-specific populations of the blast pathogen
1779:
527:
blast lesions can be devastating to susceptible rice crops.
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
1008:, which cascades into the activation of further downstream
895:
531:
441:
339:
2541:
2479:
875:
disease. Export of
Magnaporthe from the US is restricted
386:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2407:
2343:
1843:
1710:
Kumar, Sudheer; Kashyap, Prem; Singh, Gyanendra (2020).
1069:
s attack against that target. Some rice cultivars carry
440:, that infect aerial tissues and hyphae that can infect
2262:) causing wheat blast disease on rain-fed grown wheat (
1988:
at
Factsheets on Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents
1633:
600:
Wheat blast was found in the 2017–2018 rainy season in
377:
complex can also infect other agriculturally important
1782:"Fungal Biology and Agriculture: Revisiting the Field"
1349:
483:, the pathogen penetrates the plant. The appressorium
3021:
Microbial Genome Helps Blast Devastating Rice Disease
2813:
2473:
2141:
2139:
611:
In February 2016 a devastating wheat epidemic struck
507:. This impressive turgor is produced by synthesis of
495:. which is necessary to damage host structures. The
2835:
Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
944:
and several others, this was assumed to be true for
695:. In order to most effectively control infection by
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
1952:
University of California Integrated Pest Management
1839:
1837:
1228:
Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International
2878:
2876:
2874:
2136:
693:crop resistance by genetic change through mutation
2931:
1760:
1709:
1627:
1578:
1079:gene, which produces the molecular target of the
854:, which is a virulence factor in some fungi. The
3994:
2824:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2330:
1834:
592:and thus causing stress to rice crops, as well.
2871:
2482:Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
314:
3006:Biological Weapons for Waging Economic Warfare
1525:
1356:"The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus
323:
3199:
2768:
2530:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
992:appressoria in the absence of the AGT1 gene.
2160:Federation of European Biochemical Societies
2081:
1292:
1239:
1122:
595:
503:routinely, and experimentally can penetrate
3059:"What is wheat blast? How can I manage it?"
2254:"Detection and characterization of fungus (
1490:
3206:
3192:
1892:
996:Biochemistry of host-pathogen interactions
899:is genetically close to one necessary for
551:burst produced by the host which provides
42:
3102:
2949:
2908:
2854:
2751:
2692:
2674:
2390:
2372:
2305:
2295:
2035:
2025:
1916:"Rice Blast: A New Disease in California"
1875:
1669:
1408:
1385:
27:Blast, fungal disease of rice & wheat
3215:United States biological weapons program
2774:
2454:
2195:
2193:
2145:
1913:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1496:
673:genetic resistance in some types of rice
655:
468:
416:
338:that causes a serious disease affecting
2365:Springer Science and Business Media LLC
1654:Springer Science and Business Media LLC
1597:Springer Science and Business Media LLC
934:Because signal links between MAPKs and
759:lacking the Mot3 sequence, for example
685:resistance to those chemical treatments
14:
3995:
2925:
2058:
2052:
1584:
1163:10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090957
1135:
753:loop-mediated isothermal amplification
571:In terms of control, excessive use of
3709:
3708:
3187:
3129:International Rice Research Institute
2199:
2190:
1694:
732:, and provides treatment thresholds.
432:fungus. It is an extremely effective
412:
3980:8cb683c5-7eb3-479d-aa17-2ba3a34e707f
3851:0994cb93-0275-4c4d-865e-9d7b9f6e97cc
1914:Scardaci, S.C.; et al. (2003).
1787:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
1636:"Resistance to neck blast caused by
1111:, a similar disease in other grasses
703:. Knowledge of the pathogenicity of
4028:Biological anti-agriculture weapons
4013:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
2791:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081904
2228:. 24 September 2020. Archived from
1645:European Journal of Plant Pathology
797:. It binds to calmodulin, inhibits
608:district of the Muchinga Province.
540:light-harvesting complex II protein
356:have been more narrowly defined as
24:
3664:Korean War bio-warfare allegations
3095:Phytopathological Society of Japan
3086:Japanese Journal of Phytopathology
2978:
2709:
2133:at PaDIL Plant Biosecurity Toolbox
1796:American Phytopathological Society
1503:American Phytopathological Society
1046:. This protein is a target of the
1033:is a rice protein that acts as an
25:
4054:
3659:Soviet biological weapons program
3623:Plum Island Animal Disease Center
3558:U.S. Army Biological Warfare Labs
3143:
2490:Springer International Publishing
2131:Diagnostic Methods for Rice Blast
1105:, a similar disease in maize/corn
786:is a short peptide located by an
3011:Air & Space Power Chronicles
891:mitogen-activated protein kinase
553:resistance against this pathogen
464:
67:
3679:U.S. biological defense program
3674:U.S. biological weapons program
3031:Testimony of Dr. Kenneth Alibek
2778:Annual Review of Phytopathology
2636:
2612:
2593:
2244:
2218:
2124:
2075:
1991:
1972:
1957:
1941:
1497:Te Beest (2007). "Rice Blast".
936:cyclic adenosine monophosphates
2723:Plant Signaling & Behavior
1924:University of California-Davis
1455:
1402:
1343:
1286:
1233:
1216:
830:(defined by a mutation at the
558:
222:(T.T. Hebert) M. Monod, (1983)
13:
1:
3613:One-Million-Liter Test Sphere
3150:GROMO - Genomic Resources of
2563:10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.07.003
1146:Annual Review of Microbiology
1115:
1062:Pii-2 protein to monitor for
1037:. It binds to the rice's own
808:
651:
2676:10.1371/journal.pone.0036266
2461:Journal of Pesticide Science
2433:. 2020-07-15. Archived from
2297:10.1371/journal.pone.0238724
491:and its inner side contains
7:
3608:Horn Island Testing Station
2156:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2089:Nature Reviews Microbiology
1868:10.1534/genetics.105.041780
1804:10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.10.859
1499:The Plant Health Instructor
1251:Nature Reviews Microbiology
1096:
1016:. The pathogen responds by
878:
790:library screen against the
315:
10:
4059:
3104:10.3186/jjphytopath.42.507
2059:Agrios, George N. (2005).
1920:Agronomy Fact Sheet Series
1640:in Italian rice cultivars"
1556:10.1016/j.crvi.2014.08.007
1511:10.1094/phi-i-2007-0313-07
1475:Crop Protection Compendium
817:
547:. LHCB5 is required for a
291:oval leaf spot of graminea
3887:
3717:
3689:War Bureau of Consultants
3636:
3603:Granite Peak Installation
3550:
3474:
3393:
3277:
3221:
2498:10.1007/978-3-319-76162-6
2455:Kurahasi, Yoshio (1997).
2374:10.1186/s12915-016-0309-7
2280:Public Library of Science
1671:10.1007/s10658-014-0588-1
745:polymerase chain reaction
739:, 2020 presents a set of
623:lineage most likely from
596:Geographical distribution
324:
191:
184:
169:
162:
64:Scientific classification
62:
50:
41:
34:
2609:at Cereal Knowledge Bank
1539:Comptes Rendus Biologies
397:causing diseases called
330:, is a plant-pathogenic
4023:Fungi described in 1880
3121:"Blast (node and neck)"
2546:Trends in Biotechnology
2069:Elsevier Academic Press
2027:10.1126/science.aaq0892
1000:A 2010 review reported
667:This fungus faces both
549:reactive oxygen species
348:cryptic species complex
342:. It is now known that
211:(Cavara) Sawada, (1917)
179:(T.T. Hebert) M.E. Barr
3475:Operations and testing
3446:Flettner rotor bomblet
3077:"The perfect state of
3038:"What is wheat blast?"
3027:United States Congress
2889:Essays in Biochemistry
2200:Kuyek, Devlin (2000).
1199:(corresponding to the
884:Whole-genome sequences
801:formation, and blocks
743:which can be found by
725:Rosmarinus officinalis
664:
617:Transcriptome analysis
573:nitrogen fertilization
476:
422:
204:(Cooke) Shirai, (1910)
3889:Ceratosphaeria grisea
3654:Entomological warfare
3583:Dugway Proving Ground
3517:Operation Magic Sword
3497:Operation Dark Winter
1926:(UCD). Archived from
1728:10.1201/9780429470554
659:
619:showed this to be an
472:
420:
407:fungal plant pathogen
257:Trichothecium griseum
250:Trichothecium griseum
239:(Cooke) Sacc., (1880)
194:Ceratosphaeria grisea
3694:War Research Service
3684:U.S. bio-weapons ban
3421:E48 particulate bomb
2999:What is wheat blast?
2847:10.1093/jimb/kuab058
421:Differential on rice
283:rice seedling blight
219:Phragmoporthe grisea
3628:Vigo Ordnance Plant
3578:Deseret Test Center
3532:Operation Whitecoat
3527:Operation Polka Dot
3507:Operation Drop Kick
3482:Operation Sea-Spray
3125:Rice Knowledge Bank
2991:, February 11, 1998
2901:10.1042/ebc20210084
2736:2012PlSiB...7.1206B
2667:2012PLoSO...736266B
2288:2020PLoSO..1538724T
2102:10.1038/nrmicro2032
2018:2018Sci...359.1399S
2012:(6382): 1399–1403.
1662:2015EJPP..142...49T
1387:10.1038/nature03449
1378:2005Natur.434..980D
1321:10.1038/nature02880
1313:2004Natur.431..582S
1264:10.1038/nrmicro2032
1137:Talbot, Nicholas J.
1103:Corn grey leaf spot
197:T.T. Hebert, (1971)
4008:Biological weapons
3749:Pyricularia oryzae
3719:Magnaporthe grisea
3649:Biological warfare
3618:Pine Bluff Arsenal
3492:Operation Big Itch
3487:Operation Big Buzz
3249:Enterotoxin type B
3177:Magnaporthe grisea
3159:Magnaporthe grisea
3152:Magnaporthe oryzae
3079:Pyricularia oryzae
2829:Pyricularia oryzae
2647:Magnaporthe oryzae
2605:2010-07-31 at the
2349:Magnaporthe oryzae
2256:Magnaporthe oryzae
2168:10.1111/febs.16171
2084:Magnaporthe oryzae
1984:2010-10-20 at the
1848:Magnaporthe oryzae
1638:Pyricularia oryzae
1605:10.1007/bf00046046
1480:2007-07-16 at the
1469:2007-10-12 at the
1463:Magnaporthe grisea
1411:Magnaporthe oryzae
1358:Magnaporthe grisea
1246:Magnaporthe oryzae
1141:Magnaporthe grisea
1071:resistance alleles
1010:metabolic pathways
665:
477:
456:, culm nodes, and
423:
413:Hosts and symptoms
366:, within the same
363:Magnaporthe oryzae
270:Magnaporthe grisea
243:Pyricularia oryzae
236:Pyricularia grisea
226:Pyricularia grisea
215:Magnaporthe oryzae
173:Magnaporthe grisea
36:Magnaporthe grisea
18:Magnaporthe oryzae
3990:
3989:
3859:Open Tree of Life
3711:Taxon identifiers
3702:
3701:
3522:Operation May Day
3406:E133 cluster bomb
3278:Researched agents
3222:Weaponized agents
2951:10.1111/tpj.12838
2938:The Plant Journal
2744:10.4161/psb.21368
2507:978-3-319-76161-9
2486:Cham, Switzerland
2264:Triticum aestivum
2232:on 6 October 2021
1737:978-0-429-47055-4
1486:CAB International
1183:Three mutants of
803:spore germination
708:controls such as
275:rice blast fungus
266:
265:
261:
254:
247:
240:
230:
223:
212:
208:Dactylaria oryzae
205:
201:Dactylaria grisea
198:
16:(Redirected from
4050:
3983:
3982:
3973:
3972:
3960:
3959:
3947:
3946:
3934:
3933:
3921:
3920:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3880:
3879:
3867:
3866:
3854:
3853:
3844:
3843:
3831:
3830:
3818:
3817:
3805:
3804:
3792:
3791:
3779:
3778:
3766:
3765:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3706:
3705:
3644:Biological agent
3466:M33 cluster bomb
3441:E96 cluster bomb
3436:E86 cluster bomb
3431:E77 balloon bomb
3208:
3201:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3116:
3106:
3081:Cav. in culture"
3071:
3063:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3023:, April 21, 2005
2972:
2971:
2953:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2912:
2880:
2869:
2868:
2858:
2822:
2811:
2810:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2755:
2730:(9): 1206–1208.
2713:
2707:
2706:
2696:
2678:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2616:
2610:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2539:
2528:
2527:
2484:. Vol. 17.
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2420:
2405:
2404:
2394:
2376:
2341:
2328:
2327:
2309:
2299:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2148:The FEBS Journal
2143:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2039:
2029:
1995:
1989:
1976:
1970:
1961:
1955:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1911:
1890:
1889:
1879:
1841:
1832:
1831:
1798:(APS): 859–866.
1777:
1758:
1757:
1707:
1692:
1691:
1673:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1494:
1488:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1389:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1237:
1231:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1133:
1068:
1057:
1056:
1042:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1022:oxidizing enzyme
982:in the process.
862:
861:
785:
784:
765:, and its great
764:
763:
728:to be effective
719:Origanum vulgare
546:
545:
501:plants' cuticles
329:
327:
326:
320:
279:rice rotten neck
273:, also known as
259:
252:
245:
238:
228:
221:
210:
203:
196:
175:
72:
71:
46:
32:
31:
21:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4047:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3978:
3976:
3968:
3963:
3955:
3950:
3942:
3937:
3929:
3924:
3916:
3911:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3883:
3875:
3870:
3862:
3857:
3849:
3847:
3839:
3834:
3826:
3821:
3813:
3808:
3800:
3795:
3787:
3782:
3774:
3769:
3761:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3713:
3703:
3698:
3632:
3546:
3542:Project Bacchus
3470:
3389:
3273:
3269:Wheat stem rust
3217:
3212:
3146:
3134:
3132:
3119:
3061:
3057:
3049:
3047:
3036:
2981:
2979:Further reading
2976:
2975:
2930:
2926:
2881:
2872:
2823:
2814:
2773:
2769:
2714:
2710:
2641:
2637:
2628:
2626:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2607:Wayback Machine
2598:
2594:
2540:
2531:
2508:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2463:
2453:
2449:
2440:
2438:
2422:
2421:
2408:
2342:
2331:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2210:
2208:
2198:
2191:
2144:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2080:
2076:
2061:Plant Pathology
2057:
2053:
1996:
1992:
1986:Wayback Machine
1977:
1973:
1962:
1958:
1946:
1942:
1933:
1931:
1912:
1893:
1842:
1835:
1778:
1761:
1738:
1708:
1695:
1632:
1628:
1583:
1579:
1548:Elsevier Masson
1530:
1526:
1495:
1491:
1482:Wayback Machine
1471:Wayback Machine
1460:
1456:
1433:10.2307/3761719
1407:
1403:
1372:(7036): 980–6.
1348:
1344:
1307:(7008): 582–6.
1291:
1287:
1240:Wilson, R. A.;
1238:
1234:
1224:Wallingford, UK
1221:
1217:
1134:
1123:
1118:
1099:
1066:
1054:
1053:
1039:
1038:
1026:
1025:
998:
981:
972:
941:Ustilago maydis
905:cell morphology
881:
856:
855:
820:
811:
782:
781:
761:
760:
741:genetic markers
654:
598:
561:
543:
542:
536:phosphorylation
497:turgor pressure
467:
415:
373:Members of the
321:
295:pitting disease
255:
248:
241:
234:
224:
217:
213:
206:
199:
180:
177:
171:
158:
131:Magnaporthaceae
111:Sordariomycetes
66:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4056:
4046:
4045:
4043:Fungus species
4040:
4035:
4033:Wheat diseases
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4003:Magnaporthales
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3974:
3961:
3948:
3935:
3922:
3909:
3893:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3868:
3855:
3845:
3832:
3819:
3806:
3793:
3780:
3767:
3754:
3739:
3723:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3669:List of topics
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3637:Related topics
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3211:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3173:
3171:Index Fungorum
3168:
3163:
3155:
3145:
3144:External links
3142:
3141:
3140:
3117:
3072:
3055:
3034:
3024:
3014:
3002:
2992:
2985:California EPA
2980:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2944:(4): 632–643.
2924:
2895:(5): 527–539.
2870:
2812:
2767:
2708:
2635:
2611:
2592:
2529:
2506:
2472:
2447:
2406:
2329:
2266:L.) in Zambia"
2243:
2217:
2189:
2135:
2123:
2096:(3): 185–189.
2074:
2051:
1990:
1971:
1956:
1940:
1891:
1833:
1759:
1736:
1716:Boca Raton, FL
1714:(1 ed.).
1693:
1626:
1577:
1524:
1489:
1454:
1401:
1342:
1295:Osbourn, A. E.
1285:
1232:
1215:
1155:Annual Reviews
1120:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1109:Gray leaf spot
1106:
1098:
1095:
1064:M. oryzae
1048:M. oryzae
1035:immunoreceptor
997:
994:
990:M. grisea
979:
970:
957:M. grisea
946:M. grisea
929:M. grisea
893:(MAPK) called
880:
877:
819:
816:
810:
807:
792:M. oryzae
751:(RT-PCR), and
714:essential oils
705:M. grisea
701:M. grisea
697:M. grisea
677:plant breeders
653:
650:
621:M. grisea
597:
594:
581:susceptibility
579:increase rice
577:drought stress
560:
557:
517:M. grisea
466:
463:
434:plant pathogen
414:
411:
409:in the world.
403:blight disease
375:M. grisea
368:M. grisea
358:M. grisea
346:consists of a
344:M. grisea
336:model organism
299:ryegrass blast
264:
263:
246:Cavara, (1891)
189:
188:
182:
181:
178:
167:
166:
160:
159:
155:M. grisea
152:
150:
146:
145:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
121:Magnaporthales
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
60:
59:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4055:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4038:Fungal models
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4018:Rice diseases
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3981:
3975:
3971:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3707:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3512:Operation LAC
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3502:Operation Dew
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3345:Potato blight
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3197:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3131:). 2017-08-15
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3080:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3060:
3056:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2920:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2830:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2712:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2661:(4): e36266.
2660:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2648:
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2625:
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2513:
2509:
2503:
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2487:
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2476:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2437:on 2020-12-01
2436:
2432:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2402:
2398:
2393:
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2293:
2289:
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2281:
2277:
2273:
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2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2194:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2162:: 5505–5515.
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2140:
2132:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1930:on 2006-09-11
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1862:(2): 613–30.
1861:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1840:
1838:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1427:(4): 683–93.
1426:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1353:
1352:Talbot, N. J.
1350:Dean, R. A.;
1346:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1258:(3): 185–95.
1257:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1242:Talbot, N. J.
1236:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
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1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:
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1138:
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1126:
1121:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:
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1092:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1036:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:jasmonic acid
1011:
1007:
1006:jasmonic acid
1003:
993:
991:
987:
983:
977:
973:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
942:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
921:
916:
915:
910:
906:
902:
898:
897:
892:
887:
885:
876:
874:
871:) causes the
870:
866:
860:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
815:
806:
804:
800:
796:
793:
789:
779:
775:
770:
768:
758:
754:
750:
749:real-time PCR
746:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
726:
721:
720:
715:
711:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
679:. It is able
678:
675:developed by
674:
670:
662:
658:
649:
647:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
593:
591:
587:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
556:
554:
550:
541:
537:
533:
530:Infection of
528:
524:
522:
521:conidiospores
518:
514:
513:plasmodesmata
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
475:
471:
465:Disease cycle
462:
459:
455:
451:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
419:
410:
408:
404:
400:
399:blast disease
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
364:
359:
355:
354:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
319:
318:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:blast of rice
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:
262:
260:Speg., (1882)
258:
251:
244:
237:
233:
229:Sacc., (1880)
227:
220:
216:
209:
202:
195:
190:
187:
183:
176:
174:
168:
165:
164:Binomial name
161:
157:
156:
151:
148:
147:
144:
143:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
70:
65:
61:
57:
56:conidiogenous
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
3888:
3718:
3593:Fort Douglas
3588:Fort Detrick
3573:Building 470
3568:Building 257
3563:Building 101
3461:M143 bomblet
3416:E23 munition
3411:E14 munition
3401:E120 bomblet
3385:Yellow fever
3305:Dengue fever
3253:
3176:
3158:
3151:
3133:. Retrieved
3124:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3065:
3048:. Retrieved
3046:. 2019-12-11
3041:
3009:
3004:Kadlec, RP.
2941:
2937:
2927:
2892:
2888:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2727:
2721:
2711:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2638:
2627:. Retrieved
2623:
2614:
2595:
2550:
2544:
2481:
2475:
2464:. Retrieved
2450:
2439:. Retrieved
2435:the original
2427:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2282:: e0238724.
2275:
2269:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2230:the original
2220:
2209:. Retrieved
2151:
2147:
2126:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2060:
2054:
2009:
2003:
1993:
1974:
1959:
1943:
1932:. Retrieved
1928:the original
1859:
1853:
1847:
1791:
1785:
1711:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1629:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1543:
1537:
1527:
1498:
1492:
1462:
1457:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1345:
1304:
1298:
1288:
1255:
1249:
1245:
1235:
1218:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1063:
1059:
1047:
1027:
1018:synthesizing
999:
989:
985:
984:
956:
953:transaminase
950:
945:
939:
933:
928:
924:
918:
912:
894:
888:
882:
872:
868:
864:
858:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
821:
812:
791:
771:
736:
734:
723:
717:
704:
700:
696:
681:to establish
666:
625:Minas Gerais
620:
610:
599:
570:
562:
529:
525:
516:
481:appressorium
478:
446:
425:
424:
402:
398:
395:pearl millet
374:
372:
367:
362:
361:
357:
351:
343:
316:
310:
306:
303:Johnson spot
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
268:
267:
256:
249:
242:
235:
231:
225:
218:
214:
207:
200:
193:
192:
172:
170:
154:
153:
141:
35:
29:
3810:iNaturalist
3743:Wikispecies
3537:Project 112
3350:Psittacosis
3330:Melioidosis
3325:Lassa fever
3239:Brucellosis
3097:: 507–510.
2785:: 247–268.
2624:www.bis.gov
2356:BMC Biology
2037:10871/32530
1712:Wheat Blast
1599:: 173–182.
1550:: 635–641.
1293:Sesma, A.;
1157:: 177–202.
965:β-Oxidation
961:fatty acids
873:wheat blast
767:sensitivity
710:Carpropamid
575:as well as
566:Sporulation
559:Environment
450:leaf collar
438:appressoria
311:wheat blast
142:Magnaporthe
3997:Categories
3598:Fort Terry
3551:Facilities
3365:Rinderpest
3320:Hantavirus
3254:Rice blast
3135:2021-03-04
3050:2020-12-21
2629:2024-08-14
2600:Rice Blast
2555:Cell Press
2466:2014-02-25
2441:2020-12-26
2258:pathotype
2211:2010-10-20
1979:Rice Blast
1964:Rice Blast
1948:Rice Blast
1934:2014-02-25
1746:1150902336
1116:References
865:M. o.
809:Importance
795:calmodulin
776:and short
774:small RNAs
669:fungicides
652:Management
646:government
639:states of
613:Bangladesh
430:ascomycete
381:including
307:neck blast
232:(anamorph)
101:Ascomycota
97:Division:
3904:Q59537924
3456:M115 bomb
3451:M114 bomb
3394:Munitions
3259:Tularemia
3113:1882-0484
3093:(4). The
2799:0066-4286
2718:"Alanine"
2685:1932-6203
2587:237433001
2571:0167-7799
2524:199492358
2516:2213-7114
2383:1741-7007
2324:221843315
2236:1 October
2184:237340135
2065:Amsterdam
1812:0894-0282
1754:235049332
1720:CRC Press
1680:0929-1873
1656:: 49–59.
1613:0014-2336
1588:Euphytica
1564:1631-0691
1519:1935-9411
1420:Mycologia
1415:M. grisea
1185:M. grisea
1171:0066-4227
1087:effector
1081:X. oryzae
1076:OsSWEET13
986:M. grisea
857:pathovar
689:virulence
661:J. Sendra
629:SĂŁo Paulo
604:, in the
489:chitinous
485:cell wall
444:tissues.
426:M. grisea
353:Digitaria
149:Species:
87:Kingdom:
81:Eukaryota
3965:MycoBank
3957:11240212
3926:Fungorum
3898:Wikidata
3836:MycoBank
3828:11285483
3784:Fungorum
3734:Q2697099
3728:Wikidata
3426:E61 bomb
3370:Smallpox
3315:Glanders
3295:Bird flu
3234:Botulism
3127:. IRRI (
2968:29633821
2960:25824104
2919:35635051
2865:34379774
2841:(9–10).
2807:19400646
2762:22899049
2703:22558413
2654:PLOS ONE
2603:Archived
2579:34489105
2557:: 1–18.
2401:27716181
2316:32956369
2271:PLoS ONE
2260:Triticum
2176:34453409
2118:42684382
2110:19219052
2046:29567712
1982:Archived
1954:(UC-IPM)
1886:15802503
1855:Genetics
1828:20430256
1820:14558687
1688:14478689
1621:45126761
1572:25444707
1478:Archived
1467:Archived
1449:21156541
1396:15846337
1329:15457264
1280:42684382
1272:19219052
1179:14527276
1097:See also
1051:effector
1040:Exo70-F3
879:Genetics
869:triticum
863:strain (
859:triticum
834:locus),
788:in vitro
778:peptides
757:isolates
730:in vitro
716:of both
633:BrasĂlia
586:ammonium
534:induces
509:glycerol
186:Synonyms
127:Family:
77:Domain:
52:Conidium
3944:2569278
3802:2569271
3244:Q fever
3229:Anthrax
3001:, 2019.
2910:9528084
2856:8788799
2753:3489663
2732:Bibcode
2694:3338719
2663:Bibcode
2392:5047043
2307:7505438
2284:Bibcode
2014:Bibcode
2005:Science
1966:at the
1877:1450392
1658:Bibcode
1505:(APS).
1441:3761719
1413:, from
1374:Bibcode
1309:Bibcode
1226:: CABI
1073:of the
1055:AVR-Pii
1044:protein
852:melanin
842:), and
824:strains
818:Strains
799:conidia
747:(PCR),
590:nitrate
538:of the
493:melanin
458:panicle
379:cereals
253:Cooke,
137:Genus:
117:Order:
107:Class:
3977:NZOR:
3970:310529
3931:310529
3877:437728
3864:258235
3848:NZOR:
3841:317113
3815:383019
3789:317113
3776:192798
3375:Typhus
3340:Plague
3161:Genome
3111:
3067:CIMMYT
3043:CIMMYT
3033:, 1999
2995:CIMMYT
2966:
2958:
2917:
2907:
2863:
2853:
2805:
2797:
2760:
2750:
2701:
2691:
2683:
2585:
2577:
2569:
2522:
2514:
2504:
2399:
2389:
2381:
2367:: 84.
2322:
2314:
2304:
2182:
2174:
2154:(18).
2116:
2108:
2044:
1884:
1874:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1794:(10).
1752:
1744:
1734:
1718:, US:
1686:
1678:
1619:
1611:
1570:
1562:
1546:(11).
1517:
1447:
1439:
1394:
1365:Nature
1337:549194
1335:
1327:
1300:Nature
1278:
1270:
1207:, and
1195:, and
1189:albino
1177:
1169:
1090:PthXo2
1085:oryzae
1002:clones
909:yeasts
901:mating
828:albino
822:Three
783:SNP-D4
762:BR0032
737:et al.
641:Brazil
635:, and
602:Zambia
544:LHCB5
505:Kevlar
474:Spores
428:is an
393:, and
391:barley
332:fungus
317:Imochi
3952:IRMNG
3872:WoRMS
3823:IRMNG
3763:3XGY2
3355:Ricin
3300:CHIKV
3062:(PDF)
2964:S2CID
2583:S2CID
2553:(3).
2520:S2CID
2431:WHEAT
2429:CGIAR
2363:(1).
2320:S2CID
2278:(9).
2206:Grain
2180:S2CID
2114:S2CID
1824:S2CID
1750:S2CID
1684:S2CID
1652:(1).
1617:S2CID
1595:(3).
1437:JSTOR
1333:S2CID
1276:S2CID
1153:(1).
1067:'
1030:Pii-2
683:both
637:Goiás
606:Mpika
383:wheat
91:Fungi
58:cell
3939:GBIF
3918:SPXT
3797:GBIF
3109:ISSN
2956:PMID
2915:PMID
2861:PMID
2803:PMID
2795:ISSN
2758:PMID
2699:PMID
2681:ISSN
2575:PMID
2567:ISSN
2512:ISSN
2502:ISBN
2397:PMID
2379:ISSN
2312:PMID
2238:2020
2172:PMID
2106:PMID
2042:PMID
1882:PMID
1816:PMID
1808:ISSN
1742:OCLC
1732:ISBN
1676:ISSN
1609:ISSN
1568:PMID
1560:ISSN
1515:ISSN
1445:PMID
1392:PMID
1325:PMID
1268:PMID
1209:RSY1
1205:BUF1
1201:ALB1
1197:rosy
1193:buff
1175:PMID
1167:ISSN
1083:pv.
976:NADH
974:and
969:FADH
951:The
925:pmk1
920:KSS1
914:FUS3
903:and
896:pmk1
867:pv.
848:RSY1
844:rosy
840:BUF1
836:buff
832:ALB1
722:and
687:and
671:and
663:rice
644:the
532:rice
454:culm
442:root
340:rice
334:and
313:and
54:and
3913:CoL
3771:EoL
3758:CoL
3380:WEE
3360:RVF
3335:VND
3310:EEE
3290:BHF
3285:AHF
3264:VEE
3099:doi
3017:NSF
2946:doi
2905:PMC
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