20:
4048:
4059:
918:
1457:
1444:
67:
1434:
904:
The Mahīśāsaka prejudice against women is based upon the traditional view of women. Like some of the other early
Buddhist practitioners, they did not trust women, even nuns. This explains why they restricted nuns' social and religious activities in the sangha. Sometimes they liken the nuns' existence
887:
Māra said, "I have not even heard that a woman can be reborn as a cakravartin; how can you be reborn as a Buddha? It takes too long to attain
Buddhahood, why not seek for Arhatship and attain nirvāṇa soon?" Nāgadatta replied, "I also have heard that a woman cannot be reborn as a cakravartin, a Sakra,
846:
Māra therefore took the disguise of Nāgadatta's father and said thus to Nāgadatta: "Your thought is too serious. Buddhahood is too difficult to attain. It takes a hundred thousand nayutas of kotis of kalpas to become a Buddha. Since few people attain
Buddhahood in this world, why don't you attain
594:
sufficiently obvious that Asaṅga had been a Mahīśāsaka when he was a young monk, and that he incorporated a large part of the doctrinal opinions proper to this school within his own work after he became a great master of the
888:
a Brahma, and a Buddha, and yet I shall make the right effort to transform a woman's body into a man's. For I have heard that those Noble Ones, by the practice of bodhisattvacarya for a hundred thousand nayutas of kotis of
684:, contains a very similar passage corroborating this information. In both sources, members of the Mahīśāsaka sect are described as wearing blue robes. The relevant portion of the
534:
were the older sect out of which the Mahīśāsakas emerged. Buswell and Lopez also state that the Mahīśāsaka was an offshoot of the Sarvāstivādins, but group the school under the
896:
The Mahīśāsakas believed that women essentially could not change the nature of their minds or physical bodies, and would cause the teachings of
Buddhism to decline. Of this,
718:. They disagreed with the Dharmaguptakas on this point, as the Dharmaguptakas believed that a giving a gift to the Buddha is more meritorious than giving one to the Saṃgha.
634:
together as sub-sects of the Sarvāstivāda, and stated that these three were not prevalent in the "five parts of India", but were located in the some parts of
2198:
3113:
1588:
3117:
3341:
1558:
1666:
1401:
1423:
859:
A Buddha's wisdom is like empty space of the ten quarters, which can enlighten innumerable people. But an Arhat's wisdom is inferior.
447:
3933:
3385:
501:
sect is thought to have branched out from the Mahīśāsaka sect toward the end of the 2nd or the beginning of the 1st century BCE.
3588:
1568:
1307:
India in Early
Central Asia: a Survey of Indian Scripts, Languages and Literatures in Central Asia of the First Millennium A.D
1102:
1751:
1593:
1097:. Berkeley, CA: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research.
863:
The Mahīśāsaka sect held that there were five obstacles that were laid before women. These are that they may not become a
3928:
3825:
3375:
1470:
1392:
1374:
1272:
1246:
1205:
1076:
1037:
974:
1671:
3918:
3603:
3348:
4089:
3995:
3985:
1814:
3940:
3593:
3395:
3286:
3231:
1804:
472:
3910:
3608:
3291:
1583:
1416:
758:
in Sri Lanka, c. 406 CE. The Mahīśāsaka Vinaya was then translated into
Chinese in 434 CE by Buddhajiva and
3493:
3365:
3336:
3038:
710:
The Mahīśāsaka sect held that everything exists, but only in the present. They also regarded a gift to the
440:
76:
3184:
3093:
2563:
2208:
1721:
1616:
2728:
105:
4033:
3513:
2989:
2475:
1598:
1431:
2923:
1095:
Buddhist monastic traditions of
Southern Asia: a record of the inner law sent home from the South Seas
3923:
3736:
3726:
3598:
2581:
2161:
1922:
1897:
826:, the Mahīśāsaka view is criticized in a narrative about a bhikṣuṇī named Nāgadatta. Here, the demon
551:
region of India. Their founder was a monk named Purāṇa, who is venerated at length in the Mahīśāsaka
1947:
807:
540:, "a broad designation for non-Sarvastivada strands of the Sthaviranikaya", which also included the
509:
There are two general accounts of the circumstances surrounding the origins of the Mahīśāsakas. The
4028:
3380:
3194:
3172:
3165:
3068:
2601:
2221:
2037:
1982:
1603:
1409:
4084:
3965:
3945:
3276:
3256:
3013:
2743:
1987:
1222:
494:
433:
47:
767:
3975:
3815:
3483:
3453:
3226:
3177:
3018:
2966:
2961:
2723:
2544:
2441:
2193:
2188:
1937:
936:
800:
sect as well for its compilation, and in this sūtra there are many elements in common with the
763:
607:
The Mahīśāsaka are believed to have spread from the
Northwest down to Southern India including
556:
490:
266:
257:
220:
2305:
3980:
3950:
3531:
3463:
3296:
3211:
3206:
3130:
3125:
3043:
1573:
1030:
Researches in Indian and
Buddhist philosophy : essays in honour of Professor Alex Wayman
830:
takes the form of her father, and tries to convince her to work toward the lower stage of an
788:, in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE, by an order of Mahīśāsaka bhikkhus that flourished in the
685:
271:
2596:
692:
4003:
3970:
3955:
3473:
3370:
3316:
3201:
3140:
3108:
3103:
3088:
3073:
3063:
3028:
2941:
2633:
2556:
1859:
1799:
1548:
1515:
1465:
196:
84:
3843:
2458:
2327:
2253:
2129:
1867:
822:
The Mahīśāsaka sect believed that it was not possible for women to become buddhas. In the
755:
8:
3810:
3689:
3523:
3498:
3488:
3448:
3425:
3308:
3281:
3241:
3160:
3150:
3078:
3005:
2436:
2293:
2074:
2052:
2004:
1824:
1624:
1480:
1460:
1155:
The
Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Vol. IX: Buddhist philosophy from 350 to 600 AD.
931:
780:
276:
176:
171:
1784:
1711:
868:
742:
alongside the Theravāda, into which these members were later absorbed. It is known that
100:
3873:
3778:
3620:
3583:
3578:
3508:
3458:
3405:
3400:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3251:
3236:
3221:
3216:
3155:
3135:
3098:
3023:
2828:
2529:
2453:
2331:
2273:
2114:
2014:
1942:
1917:
1563:
1493:
298:
27:
3672:
662:
came to China and translated a work which describes the color of monastic robes (Skt.
315:
4051:
4013:
3709:
3694:
3657:
3642:
3415:
3331:
3246:
3083:
3048:
3033:
2760:
2750:
2431:
2278:
2263:
2134:
2057:
1977:
1912:
1844:
1731:
1488:
1388:
1370:
1268:
1242:
1201:
1098:
1072:
1033:
970:
711:
704:
664:
639:
464:
243:
238:
2995:
1789:
1689:
806:. The earliest of these translations show traces of having been translated from the
631:
394:
376:
344:
110:
3699:
3652:
3647:
3503:
3468:
3443:
3438:
3189:
3145:
3058:
2733:
2389:
2382:
2166:
2156:
2042:
1706:
1578:
897:
673:
371:
293:
135:
2778:
964:
797:
328:
281:
4063:
4008:
3960:
3888:
3758:
3556:
3536:
3478:
3390:
3053:
2951:
2798:
2534:
2517:
2502:
2480:
2032:
1902:
1736:
1716:
941:
923:
2808:
1962:
1952:
619:, the Indian Mahīśāsaka sect also established itself in Sri Lanka alongside the
587:
536:
383:
19:
4018:
3721:
3571:
3353:
2933:
2913:
2833:
2522:
2512:
2446:
2283:
1769:
1632:
1367:
Three Mountains and Seven Rivers: Prof. Musashi Tachikawa's felicitation volume
715:
608:
548:
161:
366:
4078:
3788:
3637:
2946:
2848:
2706:
2507:
2485:
2421:
2092:
1887:
1882:
1774:
1443:
785:
627:
498:
408:
358:
206:
90:
2246:
2236:
1608:
810:, a Prakrit used in the Northwest. It is also known that manuscripts in the
3878:
3863:
3833:
3783:
3773:
3615:
3410:
2903:
2738:
2616:
2404:
2399:
2226:
2097:
1972:
1433:
889:
864:
827:
759:
616:
531:
519:
335:
120:
66:
2661:
2646:
2606:
2303:
1967:
1543:
836:
802:
166:
130:
3848:
3677:
2818:
2803:
2586:
2394:
2322:
2102:
1932:
1834:
1681:
1553:
725:
between death and rebirth, but later Mahīśāsakas accepted this doctrine.
493:
according to some records. Its origins may go back to the dispute in the
320:
181:
3838:
2298:
1071:(3rd rev. ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Ltd.
582:, received ordination into the Mahīśāsaka sect. Asaṅga's frameworks for
31:
3793:
3751:
3627:
3433:
3358:
2972:
2956:
2918:
2898:
2793:
2768:
2676:
2611:
2591:
2337:
2268:
2139:
2022:
1992:
1927:
1877:
1535:
1525:
1498:
876:
583:
579:
115:
34:
2813:
1809:
3768:
3741:
2908:
2783:
2495:
2411:
2288:
2178:
2151:
2144:
2107:
2064:
2027:
1794:
1759:
1726:
1701:
1656:
811:
739:
659:
620:
612:
541:
514:
510:
388:
201:
3541:
2377:
2231:
1997:
1779:
1648:
1640:
855:
In her reply, Nāgadatta rejects arhatship as a lower path, saying,
186:
4058:
3898:
3853:
3798:
3763:
3667:
3326:
2893:
2888:
2838:
2773:
2691:
2656:
2651:
2312:
2183:
2171:
2082:
1741:
1438:
917:
789:
747:
721:
The earlier Mahīśāsakas appear to have not held the doctrine of an
635:
596:
575:
563:
288:
58:
23:
2883:
2873:
2858:
2681:
2551:
1819:
847:
Arhatship? For the experience of Arhatship is the same as that of
762:. This translation of the Mahīśāsaka Vinaya remains extant in the
191:
3803:
3746:
3731:
2878:
2868:
2843:
2718:
2713:
2671:
2641:
2573:
2539:
2426:
2367:
2362:
2216:
2119:
1957:
1907:
1694:
1520:
848:
655:
599:, when he made up what can be considered as a new and Mahāyānist
567:
305:
228:
141:
125:
95:
2490:
2258:
1165:
1163:
3883:
3868:
3704:
3566:
3546:
3321:
2983:
2863:
2853:
2788:
2416:
2372:
2357:
2347:
2317:
2241:
2124:
1892:
1764:
1508:
1503:
872:
751:
743:
571:
552:
547:
The Mahīśāsaka sect is thought to have first originated in the
482:
233:
4023:
3858:
3716:
3682:
3662:
3632:
3561:
2978:
2823:
2701:
2696:
2666:
2621:
2468:
2463:
2342:
2047:
1872:
1839:
1829:
1160:
1016:
Seven Works Of Vasubandhu: The Buddhist Psychological Doctor.
831:
722:
643:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1149:
1147:
3893:
2686:
2352:
1849:
1239:
Indian Buddhism : a survey with bibliographical notes
1138:
Sects & Sectarianism (The Origins of Buddhist Schools)
996:
984:
3551:
2087:
1333:
1314:
1224:
The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalog (T 1421)
1144:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1200:(Rev. ed.). Hacienda Heights, CA: Buddha's Light.
668:) utilized in five major Indian Buddhist sects, called
738:
The Indian Mahīśāsaka sect also established itself in
1112:
586:
writings retained many underlying Mahīśāsaka traits.
913:
1241:(1st Indian ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
1293:Indian Buddhism: A Survey With Biographical Notes.
1265:Mahāyāna Buddhism : the doctrinal foundations
879:. This Mahīśāsaka view is ascribed to Māra in the
834:, rather than that of a fully enlightened buddha (
566:, the Mahīśāsaka are known to have been active in
518:asserts that the Mahīśāsaka sect gave rise to the
4076:
714:as being more meritorious than one given to the
680:). Another text translated at a later date, the
1198:Humanistic Buddhism : a blueprint for life
695:, and penetrate deeply. They wear blue robes."
1417:
1356:Buswell, Robert E.; Lopez, Donald S. (2013),
969:(1st ed.). New Delhi: Sarup & Sons.
570:in the 4th century CE. Xuanzang records that
476:
441:
2199:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
1355:
1002:
990:
851:; moreover, it is easy to attain Arhatship."
814:script existed in China during this period.
1365:Hino, Shoun; Wada, Toshihiro, eds. (2004),
1287:
1285:
630:grouped the Mahīśāsaka, Dharmaguptaka, and
1424:
1410:
1382:
1339:
1327:
1135:
707:were to be meditated upon simultaneously.
448:
434:
1304:
1195:
1364:
1282:
1262:
1236:
1123:
958:
956:
18:
3386:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
691:reads, "The Mahīśāsaka school practice
623:, into which they were later absorbed.
4077:
3589:List of Buddhist architecture in China
1092:
1066:
1027:
962:
1405:
1086:
1021:
953:
905:to hail which damages a good harvest.
792:region. It is likely that the longer
1358:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
1140:. Santi Forest Monastery. p. i.
733:
26:Mahīśāsakas are associated with the
1267:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
611:, and even as far as the island of
13:
3376:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1305:Mukherjee, Bratindra Nath (1996).
778:It is believed that the Mahāyāna
703:According to the Mahīśāsakas, the
14:
4101:
1093:Yijing (2000). Li, Rongxi (ed.).
817:
773:
4057:
4047:
4046:
3604:Thai temple art and architecture
3349:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
1589:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
1455:
1442:
1432:
916:
578:master and the elder brother of
65:
1456:
1298:
1256:
1230:
1215:
1189:
1176:
1129:
1028:Sharma, Ram Karan, ed. (1993).
966:Buddhist sects and sectarianism
784:was compiled in the age of the
3594:Japanese Buddhist architecture
3396:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
2476:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
1667:Places where the Buddha stayed
1369:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass,
1060:
1047:
1032:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
1008:
892:diligently attain Buddhahood."
477:
1:
3609:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
1171:The Essence of Scholasticism.
947:
649:
3366:Buddhism and the Roman world
3342:Decline of Buddhism in India
3337:History of Buddhism in India
1437: Topics in
1360:, Princeton University Press
698:
654:Between 148 and 170 CE, the
555:, which is preserved in the
7:
2564:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
2304:
1387:, New York: Paragon House,
1385:Buddhist Thought and Ritual
909:
837:
10:
4106:
3514:The unanswerable questions
1383:Kalupahana, David (2001),
1348:
504:
16:Buddhist school of thought
4042:
3994:
3909:
3824:
3599:Buddhist temples in Korea
3522:
3424:
3307:
3004:
2932:
2759:
2632:
2572:
2207:
2162:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
2073:
2065:Three planes of existence
2013:
1858:
1750:
1680:
1672:Buddha in world religions
1534:
1479:
1451:
1237:Nakamura, Hajime (1987).
677:
468:
3381:Persecution of Buddhists
2602:Four stages of awakening
1983:Three marks of existence
1569:Physical characteristics
1055:Buddhist Sects in India.
1003:Buswell & Lopez 2013
991:Buswell & Lopez 2013
963:Baruah, Bibhuti (2000).
728:
528:Samayabhedoparacanacakra
522:sect. However, both the
481:; ;
2744:Ten principal disciples
1627:(aunt, adoptive mother)
1263:Williams, Paul (2009).
883:of the Sarvāstivādins:
750:copy of the Mahīśāsaka
626:In the 7th century CE,
495:Second Buddhist council
4090:Early Buddhist schools
3454:Buddhism and democracy
2967:Tibetan Buddhist canon
2962:Chinese Buddhist canon
2194:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
2189:Early Buddhist schools
1067:Warder, A. K. (2000).
937:Early Buddhist schools
907:
894:
861:
853:
764:Chinese Buddhist canon
670:Da Biqiu Sanqian Weiyi
605:
557:Chinese Buddhist canon
491:early Buddhist schools
267:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
258:Early Buddhist schools
221:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
38:
3464:Eight Consciousnesses
1574:Life of Buddha in art
902:
885:
857:
844:
592:
562:From the writings of
22:
3941:East Asian religions
3371:Buddhism in the West
2942:Early Buddhist texts
2557:Four Right Exertions
2023:Ten spiritual realms
1516:Noble Eightfold Path
1124:Hino & Wada 2004
796:owed greatly to the
140:Tibetan EBTs in the
85:Early Buddhist Texts
4064:Religion portal
3811:Temple of the Tooth
3690:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
2729:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
2222:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
2005:Two truths doctrine
1825:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1625:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1169:Willemen, Charles.
932:Schools of Buddhism
781:Infinite Life Sutra
689:Śāriputraparipṛcchā
682:Śāriputraparipṛcchā
524:Śāriputraparipṛcchā
473:traditional Chinese
177:Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī
3986:Western philosophy
3584:Dzong architecture
3406:Vipassana movement
3401:Buddhist modernism
2829:Emperor Wen of Sui
2597:Pratyekabuddhayāna
2530:Threefold Training
2332:Vipassana movement
2048:Hungry Ghost realm
1868:Avidyā (Ignorance)
1815:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
1564:Great Renunciation
1559:Eight Great Events
1441:
1291:Nakamura, Hajime.
1196:Hsing Yun (2008).
1053:Dutt, Nalinaksha.
723:intermediate state
229:Kingdom of Magadha
39:
4072:
4071:
3710:Om mani padme hum
3416:Women in Buddhism
3332:Buddhist councils
3202:Western countries
2990:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
2751:Shaolin Monastery
2328:Samatha-vipassanā
1938:Pratītyasamutpāda
1742:Metteyya/Maitreya
1660:
1652:
1644:
1636:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1489:Four Noble Truths
1104:978-1-886439-09-2
1057:1998. pp. 122–123
1014:Anacker, Stefan.
808:Gāndhārī language
756:Abhayagiri vihāra
734:Mahīśāsaka Vinaya
705:Four Noble Truths
640:Kingdom of Khotan
601:Abhidharma-piṭaka
458:
457:
244:Buddhist councils
239:Moggaliputtatissa
4097:
4062:
4061:
4050:
4049:
3889:Sacred languages
3737:Maya Devi Temple
3700:Mahabodhi Temple
3504:Secular Buddhism
3469:Engaged Buddhism
2309:
2157:Tibetan Buddhism
2108:Vietnamese Thiền
1707:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
1658:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1459:
1458:
1446:
1436:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1379:
1361:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1312:
1310:
1302:
1296:
1289:
1280:
1278:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1193:
1187:
1180:
1174:
1167:
1158:
1151:
1142:
1141:
1136:Bhikkhu Sujato.
1133:
1127:
1121:
1110:
1108:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1064:
1058:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
980:
960:
926:
921:
920:
898:David Kalupahana
840:
768:Taishō Tripiṭaka
679:
530:record that the
489:) is one of the
480:
479:
470:
450:
443:
436:
372:Mulasarvastivada
136:Śālistamba Sūtra
69:
52:
46:
41:
40:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4056:
4038:
3990:
3905:
3820:
3557:Ordination hall
3518:
3420:
3391:Buddhist crisis
3303:
3000:
2952:Mahayana sutras
2928:
2924:Thích Nhất Hạnh
2755:
2628:
2568:
2518:Bodhisattva vow
2203:
2069:
2009:
1968:Taṇhā (Craving)
1903:Five hindrances
1854:
1746:
1676:
1530:
1475:
1447:
1430:
1400:
1395:
1377:
1351:
1346:
1340:Kalupahana 2001
1338:
1334:
1328:Kalupahana 2001
1326:
1315:
1303:
1299:
1290:
1283:
1275:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1194:
1190:
1184:Indian Buddhism
1181:
1177:
1168:
1161:
1152:
1145:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1113:
1105:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1069:Indian Buddhism
1065:
1061:
1052:
1048:
1040:
1026:
1022:
1013:
1009:
1001:
997:
989:
985:
977:
961:
954:
950:
942:Nikaya Buddhism
924:Religion portal
922:
915:
912:
881:Nāgadatta Sūtra
838:samyaksaṃbuddha
824:Nāgadatta Sūtra
820:
776:
736:
731:
701:
652:
615:. According to
574:, an important
507:
454:
425:
424:
423:
422:
260:
250:
249:
248:
223:
213:
212:
211:
156:
148:
147:
146:
79:
50:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4103:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4085:Nikaya schools
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4054:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3921:
3915:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3621:Greco-Buddhist
3613:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3572:Burmese pagoda
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3528:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3354:Greco-Buddhism
3351:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3287:United Kingdom
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3232:Czech Republic
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3111:
3106:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2996:Abhidharmadīpa
2993:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2914:B. R. Ambedkar
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2834:Songtsen Gampo
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2513:Eight precepts
2510:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2301:
2291:
2286:
2284:Five Strengths
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2079:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1923:Mental factors
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1775:Mahamoggallāna
1772:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1690:Avalokiteśvara
1686:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1614:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1406:
1399:
1398:
1394:978-0892260898
1393:
1380:
1376:978-8120824683
1375:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1342:, p. 113.
1332:
1330:, p. 109.
1313:
1297:
1281:
1274:978-0415356534
1273:
1255:
1248:978-8120802728
1247:
1229:
1214:
1207:978-1932293333
1206:
1188:
1186:. 2000. p. 280
1175:
1159:
1153:Potter, Karl.
1143:
1128:
1111:
1103:
1085:
1078:978-8120817418
1077:
1059:
1046:
1039:978-8120809949
1038:
1020:
1007:
1005:, p. 859.
995:
993:, p. 516.
983:
976:978-8176251525
975:
951:
949:
946:
945:
944:
939:
934:
928:
927:
911:
908:
819:
818:Views on women
816:
794:Sukhāvatīvyūha
775:
774:Mahāyāna works
772:
735:
732:
730:
727:
700:
697:
651:
648:
609:Nāgārjunakoṇḍā
532:Sarvāstivādins
506:
503:
456:
455:
453:
452:
445:
438:
430:
427:
426:
421:
420:
419:
418:
417:
416:
415:
414:
413:
412:
398:
391:
381:
380:
379:
374:
369:
364:
363:
362:
348:
341:
333:
332:
331:
326:
313:
312:
311:
308:
303:
302:
301:
296:
286:
285:
284:
277:Ekavyāvahārika
263:
262:
261:
256:
255:
252:
251:
247:
246:
241:
236:
231:
225:
224:
219:
218:
215:
214:
210:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
172:Mahāmoggallāna
169:
164:
162:Gautama Buddha
158:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
144:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
106:Gandhāran EBTs
103:
98:
93:
88:
81:
80:
75:
74:
71:
70:
62:
61:
54:
53:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4102:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4053:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3826:Miscellaneous
3823:
3817:
3816:Vegetarianism
3814:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3638:Buddha in art
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3292:United States
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2849:Padmasambhava
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2761:Major figures
2758:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2707:Western tulku
2705:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2508:Five precepts
2506:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:Dhamma vicaya
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2379:
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1898:Enlightenment
1896:
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1888:Dhamma theory
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1883:Buddha-nature
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1182:Warder, A.K.
1179:
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1126:, p. 55.
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867:, Māra king,
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795:
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786:Kushan Empire
783:
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499:Dharmaguptaka
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282:Lokottaravāda
280:
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205:
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60:
56:
55:
49:
43:
42:
36:
33:
30:teachings of
29:
25:
21:
4004:Bodhisattvas
3924:Christianity
3919:Baháʼí Faith
3784:Dharmachakra
3774:Prayer wheel
3764:Prayer beads
3532:Architecture
3411:969 Movement
3195:Saudi Arabia
3173:Central Asia
3166:South Africa
2988:
2971:
2904:Panchen Lama
2809:Buddhapālita
2405:Satipatthana
2400:Mindful Yoga
2313:Recollection
2227:Brahmavihara
2098:Japanese Zen
2093:Chinese Chan
2053:Animal realm
1860:Key concepts
1682:Bodhisattvas
1494:Three Jewels
1384:
1366:
1357:
1335:
1306:
1300:
1295:1999. p. 205
1292:
1264:
1258:
1238:
1232:
1223:
1217:
1197:
1191:
1183:
1178:
1170:
1157:2004. p. 106
1154:
1137:
1131:
1094:
1088:
1068:
1062:
1054:
1049:
1029:
1023:
1015:
1010:
998:
986:
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886:
880:
862:
858:
854:
845:
835:
823:
821:
801:
793:
779:
777:
760:Zhu Daosheng
737:
720:
709:
702:
688:
686:Mahāsāṃghika
681:
669:
663:
653:
625:
617:A. K. Warder
606:
600:
593:
588:André Bareau
561:
546:
537:Vibhajyavāda
535:
527:
523:
520:Sarvāstivāda
513:
508:
486:
460:
459:
401:
384:Vibhajyavāda
351:
336:Sarvāstivāda
325:Vātsīputrīya
272:Mahāsāṃghika
155:Early sangha
3849:Dharma talk
3678:Asalha Puja
3474:Eschatology
3277:Switzerland
3257:New Zealand
3185:Middle East
3094:Philippines
3014:Afghanistan
2819:Bodhidharma
2804:Buddhaghosa
2724:Householder
2634:Monasticism
2587:Bodhisattva
2442:Prostration
2395:Mindfulness
2323:Anapanasati
2306:Kammaṭṭhāna
2103:Korean Seon
2043:Asura realm
2038:Human realm
1978:Ten Fetters
1933:Parinirvana
1835:Uppalavanna
1800:Mahākaccana
1785:Mahākassapa
1717:Kṣitigarbha
1712:Ākāśagarbha
1609:Suddhodāna
1554:Four sights
1481:Foundations
1173:2006. p. 17
1018:1984. p. 58
865:cakravartin
746:obtained a
367:Sautrāntika
340:(Haimavata)
321:Pudgalavada
310:(Haimavata)
294:Bahuśrutīya
182:Mahakasyapa
4079:Categories
3966:Psychology
3946:Gnosticism
3934:Comparison
3929:Influences
3911:Comparison
3794:Bhavacakra
3752:Kushinagar
3727:Pilgrimage
3673:Māgha Pūjā
3628:Bodhi Tree
3444:Buddhology
3434:Abhidharma
3426:Philosophy
3359:Menander I
3227:Costa Rica
3178:Uzbekistan
3019:Bangladesh
2973:Dhammapada
2957:Pali Canon
2919:Ajahn Chah
2899:Dalai Lama
2799:Kumārajīva
2794:Vasubandhu
2769:The Buddha
2677:Zen master
2612:Sakadagami
2592:Buddhahood
2523:Pratimokṣa
2338:Shikantaza
2294:Meditation
2269:Deity yoga
2140:Madhyamaka
2033:Deva realm
1928:Mindstream
1878:Bodhicitta
1790:Aṅgulimāla
1657:Devadatta
1633:Yaśodharā
1536:The Buddha
1526:Middle Way
948:References
875:king or a
650:Appearance
584:abhidharma
580:Vasubandhu
511:Theravādin
461:Mahīśāsaka
402:Mahīśāsaka
377:Vaibhāṣika
352:Mahīśāsaka
116:Abhidharma
111:Prātimokṣa
77:Scriptures
4034:Festivals
4014:Buddhists
3976:Theosophy
3779:Symbolism
3769:Hama yumi
3742:Bodh Gaya
3509:Socialism
3484:Evolution
3459:Economics
3297:Venezuela
3212:Australia
3207:Argentina
3131:Sri Lanka
3126:Singapore
3044:Indonesia
3006:Countries
2947:Tripiṭaka
2909:Ajahn Mun
2784:Nagarjuna
2779:Aśvaghoṣa
2662:Anagārika
2657:Śrāmaṇerī
2652:Śrāmaṇera
2647:Bhikkhunī
2607:Sotāpanna
2496:Passaddhi
2437:Offerings
2412:Nekkhamma
2289:Iddhipada
2209:Practices
2179:Theravada
2152:Vajrayana
2145:Yogachara
2115:Pure Land
2028:Six Paths
2015:Cosmology
1795:Anuruddha
1770:Sāriputta
1760:Kaundinya
1752:Disciples
1727:Vajrapāṇi
1579:Footprint
1544:Tathāgata
900:writes,
812:Kharoṣṭhī
803:Mahāvastu
740:Sri Lanka
699:Doctrines
660:An Shigao
632:Kāśyapīya
621:Theravāda
613:Sri Lanka
542:Kasyapiya
515:Dipavamsa
395:Kāśyapīya
389:Theravāda
345:Kāśyapīya
329:Saṃmitīya
316:Sthaviras
202:Devadatta
167:Sāriputta
131:Mahāvastu
91:Tripiṭaka
28:Pure Land
24:Gandhāran
4052:Category
3981:Violence
3951:Hinduism
3899:Sanskrit
3854:Hinayana
3839:Amitābha
3799:Swastika
3668:Uposatha
3658:Holidays
3643:Calendar
3489:Humanism
3327:Kanishka
3317:Timeline
3141:Thailand
3109:Kalmykia
3104:Buryatia
3089:Pakistan
3074:Mongolia
3069:Maldives
3064:Malaysia
3029:Cambodia
2894:Shamarpa
2889:Nichiren
2839:Xuanzang
2774:Nagasena
2692:Rinpoche
2422:Pāramitā
2264:Devotion
2184:Navayana
2172:Dzogchen
2135:Nichiren
2083:Mahayana
2075:Branches
1953:Saṅkhāra
1702:Mañjuśrī
1659:(cousin)
1651:(cousin)
1619:(mother)
1611:(father)
1599:Miracles
1549:Birthday
1466:Glossary
1439:Buddhism
1279:, p. 239
1253:, p. 205
1212:, p. 163
1083:, p. 280
910:See also
790:Gandhara
748:Sanskrit
656:Parthian
636:Oḍḍiyāna
597:Mahāyāna
590:writes:
576:Yogācāra
564:Xuanzang
526:and the
487:Huàdì Bù
465:Sanskrit
289:Gokulika
126:Avadanas
59:Buddhism
48:a series
32:Amitābha
4029:Temples
4009:Buddhas
3971:Science
3961:Judaism
3956:Jainism
3874:Lineage
3834:Abhijñā
3804:Thangka
3747:Sarnath
3732:Lumbini
3653:Funeral
3648:Cuisine
3524:Culture
3499:Reality
3449:Creator
3439:Atomism
3309:History
3282:Ukraine
3242:Germany
3161:Senegal
3151:Vietnam
3079:Myanmar
2879:Shinran
2869:Karmapa
2844:Shandao
2814:Dignāga
2739:Śrāvaka
2719:Donchee
2714:Kappiya
2672:Sayadaw
2642:Bhikkhu
2617:Anāgāmi
2574:Nirvana
2540:Samadhi
2427:Paritta
2368:Tonglen
2363:Mandala
2318:Smarana
2299:Mantras
2247:Upekkha
2217:Bhavana
2167:Shingon
2120:Tiantai
1973:Tathātā
1963:Śūnyatā
1958:Skandha
1948:Saṃsāra
1943:Rebirth
1918:Kleshas
1908:Indriya
1810:Subhūti
1695:Guanyin
1649:Ānanda
1641:Rāhula
1521:Nirvana
1461:Outline
1349:Sources
1311:, p. 15
1109:, p. 19
981:, p. 50
849:nirvāṇa
678:大比丘三千威儀
674:Chinese
568:Kashmir
505:History
469:महीशासक
306:Caitika
142:Kangyur
121:Jatakas
96:Nikayas
45:Part of
4024:Sutras
4019:Suttas
3884:Siddhi
3869:Koliya
3844:Brahmā
3759:Poetry
3705:Mantra
3695:Kasaya
3567:Pagoda
3547:Kyaung
3542:Vihāra
3537:Temple
3479:Ethics
3322:Ashoka
3272:Sweden
3267:Poland
3262:Norway
3252:Mexico
3237:France
3222:Canada
3217:Brazil
3156:Africa
3136:Taiwan
3099:Russia
3024:Bhutan
2984:Vinaya
2864:Naropa
2854:Saraha
2789:Asanga
2545:Prajñā
2454:Refuge
2417:Nianfo
2378:Tertön
2373:Tantra
2358:Ganana
2348:Tukdam
2274:Dhyāna
2242:Mudita
2237:Karuṇā
2130:Risshū
2125:Huayan
2058:Naraka
1998:Anattā
1993:Dukkha
1988:Anicca
1893:Dharma
1845:Channa
1780:Ānanda
1765:Assaji
1732:Skanda
1635:(wife)
1604:Family
1584:Relics
1509:Sangha
1504:Dharma
1499:Buddha
1391:
1373:
1271:
1245:
1204:
1101:
1075:
1044:, p. 5
1036:
973:
890:kalpas
877:Buddha
873:Brahma
871:king,
770:1421.
752:vinaya
744:Faxian
716:Buddha
712:Saṃgha
693:dhyāna
676::
665:kāṣāya
642:, and
638:, the
628:Yijing
572:Asaṅga
553:vinaya
549:Avanti
497:. The
483:pinyin
234:Ashoka
187:Ānanda
101:Āgamas
57:Early
35:Buddha
3996:Lists
3864:Kalpa
3859:Iddhi
3722:Music
3717:Mudra
3683:Vassa
3663:Vesak
3633:Budai
3579:Candi
3562:Stupa
3494:Logic
3247:Italy
3146:Tibet
3084:Nepal
3054:Korea
3049:Japan
3039:India
3034:China
2979:Sutra
2934:Texts
2884:Dōgen
2874:Hōnen
2859:Atiśa
2824:Zhiyi
2734:Achar
2702:Tulku
2697:Geshe
2682:Rōshi
2667:Ajahn
2622:Arhat
2582:Bodhi
2552:Vīrya
2469:Sacca
2464:Satya
2459:Sādhu
2447:Music
2390:Merit
2383:Terma
2343:Zazen
2279:Faith
2232:Mettā
1913:Karma
1873:Bardo
1840:Asita
1830:Khema
1820:Upāli
1805:Nanda
1643:(son)
1617:Māyā
1594:Films
1471:Index
869:Śakra
832:arhat
729:Works
658:monk
644:Kucha
192:Upāli
87:(EBT)
3894:Pāḷi
3879:Māra
3789:Flag
3190:Iran
3114:Tuva
3059:Laos
2687:Lama
2535:Śīla
2503:Śīla
2491:Pīti
2481:Sati
2432:Puja
2353:Koan
2259:Dāna
1850:Yasa
1737:Tārā
1389:ISBN
1371:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1243:ISBN
1202:ISBN
1099:ISBN
1073:ISBN
1034:ISBN
971:ISBN
828:Māra
3616:Art
3552:Wat
2088:Zen
842:):
766:as
754:at
478:化地部
4081::
3118:ru
1316:^
1284:^
1162:^
1146:^
1114:^
955:^
646:.
559:.
544:.
485::
475::
471:;
467::
404:)
354:)
51:on
3120:)
3116:(
2334:)
2330:(
1425:e
1418:t
1411:v
1309:.
1277:.
1251:.
1210:.
1107:.
1081:.
1042:.
979:.
672:(
603:.
463:(
449:e
442:t
435:v
411:)
407:(
400:(
397:)
393:(
361:)
357:(
350:(
347:)
343:(
37:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
