22:
1090:
1102:
190:
In older nomenclature, the main-group elements are groups IA and IIA, and groups IIIB to 0 (CAS groups IIIA to VIIIA). Group 12 is labelled as group IIB in both systems. Group 3 is labelled as group IIIA in the older nomenclature (CAS group IIIB).
121:). The s-block elements are primarily characterised by one main oxidation state, and the p-block elements, when they have multiple oxidation states, often have common oxidation states separated by two units.
187:(U), are similar to main-group elements as thorium is an electropositive element with only one main oxidation state (+4), and uranium has two main ones separated by two oxidation units (+4 and +6).
179:
elements with only one main oxidation state like the group 1 and 2 elements. The position of the actinides is more questionable, but the most common and stable of them,
895:
905:
955:
1052:
930:
229:
935:
910:
356:
890:
606:
1019:
1029:
1024:
965:
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920:
880:
940:
875:
661:
1034:
1014:
801:
200:
870:
834:
915:
865:
960:
885:
796:
394:
349:
205:
1127:
829:
786:
129:
1002:
329:
310:
324:
Ralf
Steudel, "Chemie der Nichtmetalle" (Chemistry of the nonmetals), 2nd Edition. Walter deGruyter, Berlin 1998.
160:(Hg) share some properties of both groups, and some scientists believe they should be included in the main group.
950:
824:
1105:
987:
342:
254:
561:
979:
900:
790:
262:
225:
1009:
571:
566:
844:
777:
379:
997:
1093:
1062:
556:
513:
384:
37:. Groups 1, 2 and 13 to 18 constitute the main group. Sometimes groups 3 and 12, as well as the
583:
410:
62:
34:
816:
1057:
638:
739:
423:
271:
8:
656:
275:
744:
704:
839:
709:
325:
306:
250:
176:
175:
have been included, because especially the group 3 elements and many lanthanides are
157:
21:
1074:
992:
768:
633:
591:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
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521:
473:
468:
463:
279:
145:
125:
66:
30:
945:
806:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
164:
754:
749:
719:
714:
699:
365:
106:
26:
1121:
1069:
734:
729:
483:
418:
137:
849:
724:
478:
623:
168:
38:
283:
679:
648:
503:
493:
488:
302:
82:
50:
671:
628:
172:
141:
110:
102:
94:
42:
45:(the two rows at the bottom), are also included in the main group.
498:
334:
184:
180:
153:
118:
114:
78:
54:
255:"The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table"
98:
90:
74:
109:
of the elements. The main group includes the elements (except
615:
133:
86:
149:
148:
are often considered to be transition metals; however,
113:, which is sometimes not included) in groups 1 and 2 (
230:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
1119:
124:Main-group elements (with some of the lighter
350:
73:) whose lightest members are represented by
357:
343:
299:Inorganic Chemistry of Main Group Elements
20:
16:Chemical elements in groups 1, 2, 13–18
1120:
249:
201:Abundance of elements in Earth's crust
338:
226:"Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry"
296:
1101:
290:
206:Main group organometallic chemistry
13:
364:
14:
1139:
1100:
1089:
1088:
419:1 (Hydrogen and alkali metals)
243:
218:
1:
961:Thermal expansion coefficient
657:Lists of metalloids by source
263:Journal of Chemical Education
211:
33:. The columns represent the
7:
700:Platinum-group metals (PGM)
403:By periodic table structure
194:
10:
1144:
845:Goldschmidt classification
1128:Sets of chemical elements
1083:
1045:
978:
858:
815:
776:
767:
692:
670:
647:
614:
604:
582:
512:
424:2 (Alkaline earth metals)
409:
402:
393:
372:
117:), and groups 13 to 18 (
1063:systematic element name
1035:in East Asian languages
385:Extended periodic table
297:King, R. Bruce (1995).
163:Occasionally, even the
71:representative elements
906:Electron configuration
896:Electrical resistivity
835:Electron configuration
639:Post-transition metals
69:(sometimes called the
46:
740:Transuranium elements
24:
956:Thermal conductivity
931:Heat of vaporization
373:Periodic table forms
988:Element discoveries
745:Superheavy elements
705:Rare-earth elements
276:2003JChEd..80..952J
105:as arranged in the
251:Jensen, William B.
47:
1115:
1114:
974:
973:
936:Ionization energy
911:Electronegativity
901:Electron affinity
840:Electronegativity
830:Crystal structure
825:Aqueous chemistry
802:Nuclear stability
797:Atomic properties
763:
762:
710:Refractory metals
688:
687:
634:Transition metals
600:
599:
284:10.1021/ed080p952
146:Group 12 elements
126:transition metals
31:chemical elements
1135:
1104:
1103:
1092:
1091:
1075:Dmitri Mendeleev
1003:1869 predictions
993:Dmitri Mendeleev
774:
773:
612:
611:
592:Aufbau principle
504:18 (Noble gases)
407:
406:
400:
399:
395:Sets of elements
359:
352:
345:
336:
335:
317:
316:
294:
288:
287:
259:
247:
241:
240:
238:
236:
222:
165:group 3 elements
1143:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1079:
1041:
970:
946:Oxidation state
854:
811:
759:
755:Minor actinides
750:Major actinides
715:Precious metals
684:
666:
643:
596:
578:
508:
494:16 (Chalcogens)
489:15 (Pnictogens)
389:
368:
363:
321:
320:
313:
295:
291:
257:
248:
244:
234:
232:
224:
223:
219:
214:
197:
177:electropositive
167:as well as the
128:) are the most
17:
12:
11:
5:
1141:
1131:
1130:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1097:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
984:
982:
976:
975:
972:
971:
969:
968:
966:Vapor pressure
963:
958:
953:
951:Speed of sound
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
926:Heat of fusion
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
881:Critical point
878:
873:
868:
862:
860:
856:
855:
853:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
821:
819:
813:
812:
810:
809:
804:
799:
794:
782:
780:
771:
765:
764:
761:
760:
758:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
720:Coinage metals
717:
712:
707:
702:
696:
694:
690:
689:
686:
685:
683:
682:
676:
674:
668:
667:
665:
664:
659:
653:
651:
645:
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642:
641:
636:
631:
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609:
602:
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579:
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486:
481:
476:
471:
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461:
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451:
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441:
436:
431:
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421:
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404:
397:
391:
390:
388:
387:
382:
376:
374:
370:
369:
366:Periodic table
362:
361:
354:
347:
339:
333:
332:
319:
318:
311:
289:
242:
216:
215:
213:
210:
209:
208:
203:
196:
193:
107:periodic table
27:periodic table
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1140:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1108:
1107:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1020:controversies
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
989:
986:
985:
983:
981:
977:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
941:Melting point
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
921:Heat capacity
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
876:Boiling point
874:
872:
871:Atomic radius
869:
867:
864:
863:
861:
857:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
822:
820:
818:
814:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
792:
788:
784:
783:
781:
779:
775:
772:
770:
766:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
735:Native metals
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
695:
691:
681:
678:
677:
675:
673:
669:
663:
662:Dividing line
660:
658:
655:
654:
652:
650:
646:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
621:
619:
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608:
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581:
573:
570:
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543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
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528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
517:
515:
511:
505:
502:
500:
499:17 (Halogens)
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
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477:
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472:
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467:
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440:
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435:
432:
430:
427:
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422:
420:
417:
416:
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412:
408:
405:
401:
398:
396:
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386:
383:
381:
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371:
367:
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353:
348:
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341:
340:
337:
331:
330:3-11-012322-3
327:
323:
322:
314:
312:0-471-18602-3
308:
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273:
269:
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204:
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199:
198:
192:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:, and in the
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
19:
1099:
1087:
1070:Trivial name
1058:nomenclature
730:Heavy metals
725:Noble metals
484:14 (Tetrels)
380:Alternatives
298:
292:
267:
261:
245:
235:27 September
233:. Retrieved
220:
189:
162:
138:Solar System
132:elements on
123:
70:
58:
48:
18:
1106:WikiProject
850:Term symbol
680:Noble gases
624:Lanthanides
607:metallicity
479:13 (Triels)
169:lanthanides
53:and atomic
39:lanthanides
1030:for people
1025:for places
998:1871 table
891:Elasticity
859:Data pages
817:Properties
693:Other sets
649:Metalloids
270:(8): 952.
212:References
156:(Cd), and
59:main group
1015:etymology
866:Abundance
791:in humans
787:Abundance
672:Nonmetals
629:Actinides
303:Wiley-VCH
183:(Th) and
173:actinides
136:, in the
83:beryllium
51:chemistry
43:actinides
1122:Category
1094:Category
1046:See also
916:Hardness
769:Elements
253:(2003).
195:See also
142:universe
130:abundant
111:hydrogen
103:fluorine
95:nitrogen
67:elements
980:History
886:Density
514:Periods
272:Bibcode
185:uranium
181:thorium
158:mercury
154:cadmium
119:p-block
115:s-block
79:lithium
61:is the
55:physics
29:of the
1010:Naming
807:Symbol
616:Metals
584:Blocks
572:Pyykkö
567:Fricke
562:Aufbau
411:Groups
328:
309:
152:(Zn),
101:, and
99:oxygen
91:carbon
75:helium
57:, the
35:groups
1053:IUPAC
778:Lists
258:(PDF)
134:Earth
87:boron
63:group
785:By:
326:ISBN
307:ISBN
237:2011
171:and
150:zinc
41:and
25:The
605:By
280:doi
65:of
49:In
1124::
557:8+
474:12
469:11
464:10
305:.
301:.
278:.
268:80
266:.
260:.
228:.
144:.
97:,
93:,
89:,
85:,
81:,
77:,
793:)
789:(
552:7
547:6
542:5
537:4
532:3
527:2
522:1
459:9
454:8
449:7
444:6
439:5
434:4
429:3
358:e
351:t
344:v
315:.
286:.
282::
274::
239:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
