Major film studios

3006:(Radio-Keith-Orpheum) studio, and the end of 1949, when Paramount divested its theater chain—roughly the period considered Hollywood's Golden Age—there were eight Hollywood studios commonly regarded as the "majors". Of these eight, the so-called Big Five were integrated conglomerates, combining ownership of a production studio, distribution division, and substantial theater chain, and contracting with performers and filmmaking personnel: Loews/MGM, Paramount, Fox (which became 20th Century-Fox after a 1935 merger), Warner Bros., and RKO. The remaining majors were sometimes referred to as the "Little Three" or "major minor" studios. Two—Universal and Columbia (founded in 1924)—were organized similarly to the Big Five, except for the fact that they never owned more than small theater circuits (a consistently reliable source of profits). The third of the lesser majors, United Artists (founded in 1919), owned a few theaters and had access to production facilities owned by its principals, but it functioned primarily as a backer-distributor, loaning money to independent producers and releasing their films. During the 1930s, the eight majors averaged a total of 358 feature film releases a year; in the 1940s, the four largest companies shifted more of their resources toward high-budget productions and away from 3286:(1994) on home video, significantly undermined the position of the true independents. The majors' release schedule rebounded: the six (later five) primary studio subsidiaries alone put out a total of 124 films during 2006; the three largest secondary subsidiaries (New Line, Fox Searchlight, and Focus Features) accounted for another 30. Box-office domination was fully restored: in 2006, the then-six (now five) major movie conglomerates combined for 89.8% of the North American market; Lionsgate and Weinstein were almost exactly half as successful as their 1986 mini-major counterparts, sharing 6.1%; MGM came in at 1.8%; and all of the remaining independent companies split a pool totaling 2.3%. 3196:

Vista as a seventh major and adding its 10% share (only for them to acquire Fox 33 years later), the majors' control of the North American market was at a historic ebb. Orion (now completely independent of Warner) and Tri-Star were well positioned as mini-majors, each with North American market shares of around 6% and regarded by industry observers as "fully competitive with the majors", much like MGM and Lionsgate by the turn of the century. Smaller independents garnered 13%—more than any studio aside from Paramount. In 1964, by comparison, all of the companies outside of the then-seven majors and Disney had combined for a grand total of 1%. In the first edition of Finler's

54: 6742: 328: 45: 3293:, whose films were distributed by Buena Vista, was acquired by Disney also in 2006. In 2008, New Line Cinema lost its independent status within Time Warner and became a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Time Warner also announced that it would be shutting down its two specialty units, Warner Independent and Picturehouse. Also in 2008, Paramount Vantage's production, marketing, and distribution departments were folded into the parent studio, though it retained the brand for release purposes. Universal sold off its genre specialty division, Rogue Pictures, to 348: 288: 308: 65: 36: 268: 13395: 74: 2747:, whose Chicago-based Laemmle Film Service, serving the Midwest and Canada, was the largest distribution exchange in North America. Laemmle's efforts were rewarded in 1912 when the U.S. government ruled that the Trust was a "corrupt and unlawful association" and must be dissolved. On June 8, 1912, Laemmle organized the merger of his production division, IMP (Independent Motion Picture Company), with several other filmmaking companies, creating the 13405: 2923:, Disney became a powerful independent over the next three decades focusing on animation with its shorts and films being distributed over the years by various majors; primarily Leslie B. Mace, Winkler Pictures, Universal Pictures, Celebrity Productions, Cinephone, Columbia Pictures, United Artists, United Artists Pictures and finally RKO. In its first year in 1928, Celebrity Productions and Cinephone had released its first blockbuster 2743:, widely known as the Trust. Comprising the eight largest U.S. film companies, it was "designed to eliminate not only independent film producers but also the country's 10,000 independent exchanges and exhibitors." Though its many members did not consolidate their filmmaking operations, the New York–based Trust was arguably the first major North American movie conglomerate. The independents' fight against the Trust was led by 8094: 8082: 415:, but quickly became one of the Big Five studios. RKO went defunct in 1959. United Artists began as a distribution company for several independent producers, later began producing its own films, and was eventually acquired by MGM in 1981. Columbia Pictures eventually merged in 1987 with Tri-Star Pictures to form Columbia Pictures Entertainment, now known as Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. 3536:, which controls 80% of the voting shares of Paramount, and then pump cash into Paramount, which would then acquire Skydance. On June 11, 2024, National Amusements announced that they have failed to reach an agreement with Skydance on the Paramount deal. On July 2, 2024, Skydance reached a preliminary agreement to acquire National Amusements and 570:) often acquire distribution rights to films in which the studio has had no prior involvement. While the majors still do a modicum of true production, their activities are focused more in the areas of development, financing, marketing, and merchandising. Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles, even though the 3343:). After beating out Comcast in a bidding war for Fox, both Disney and Fox shareholders approved the deal on July 27, 2018, and closed on March 20, 2019. The number of major film studios lowered to five, a number that not happen since the Golden Age of Hollywood, the era of the "Big Six" studios and Fox as a major studio for 83 years ended. 3361:, renamed Paramount also in 2022. The two companies previously merged in 2000 but split in 2005. The deal was completed on December 4, 2019. Meanwhile, CBS Corporation's mini-major film studio, CBS Films was folded into CBS Entertainment Group after releasing its 2019 film slate, switching its focus to creating original film content for 3107:, Disney achieved a 9% market share in 1964, more than Warner and its eventual subsidiary Fox. Though over the next two decades Disney/Buena Vista's share of the box-office would continue to reach this level, the studio was still not considered a major as it did not release many films, and those it did release were exclusively G-rated. 3014:

Three had around a 7% share. In sum, the eight majors controlled 95% of the market. Ten years later, the picture was largely the same: the Big Five had market shares ranging from 22% (MGM) to 9% (RKO); the Little Three had shares ranging from 8% (Columbia) to 4% (United Artists). In sum, the eight majors controlled 96% of the market.

3200:(1988), he wrote, "It will be interesting to see whether the old-established studios will be able to bounce back in the future, as they have done so many times before, or whether the newest developments really do reflect a fundamental change in the US movie industry for the first times since the 20s." 3527:

were interested in jointly acquiring Paramount Global. Sony Pictures and Apollo presented a $ 26 billion all-cash offer to acquire Paramount Global on May 5, 2024. According to The New York Times, the board of directors of Paramount Global formally commenced negotiations with Sony and Apollo over the

3049:

in 1955, the studio was a major by outdated reputation alone. In 1957, virtually all RKO movie operations ceased and the studio was dissolved in 1959. (Revived on a small scale in 1981, it was eventually spun off and now operates as a minor independent company.) In contrast, there was United Artists,

2973:

resulted in a massive rush of Americans to movie theaters to watch the astonishing new "talkies". At the peak of the fad, every person in the United States over the age of six was watching a motion picture in a theater at least once a week. The box office revenue from the first sound films is what

3553:

The eight major film studios of the Golden Age have gone through significant ownership changes ("independent" meaning customarily identified as the primary commercial entity in its corporate structure; "purchased" meaning acquired anything from majority to total ownership). For instance, this does

3511:

is a major shareholder. MGM already began to explore a potential sale of the studio since December 2020, with the COVID-19 pandemic and the domination of streaming platforms due to the closure of movie theaters as contributing factors. On May 26, 2021, it was officially announced that MGM would be

3195:

By 1986, the combined share of the six classic majors — Paramount, MGM/UA, Fox, Warner Bros., Columbia and Universal — fell to 64%, the lowest since the beginning of the Golden Age. Fox's future parent company Disney was in third place, behind only Paramount and Warner. Even including Disney/Buena

3191:

acquired 20th Century-Fox (thus dropping that name's hyphen), the last of both the classic Hollywood majors to be taken over by an outside corporation and five relatively healthy Golden Age majors to remain independent throughout that era and after until its eventual sale to Disney in 2019 brought

422:

was an independent production company and not considered a "major studio" until 1984, when it joined 20th Century Fox, Columbia, Metro–Goldwyn–Mayer, Paramount, Universal, and Warner Bros. to comprise the "Big Seven." The decay of MGM in 1986 lead the studio to become a mini-major upon its sale in

6682:

Warner Bros. held 42,000 shares of common stock out of 72,000 outstanding shares, while Fox Pictures held 21,000 shares, and 12,000 shares were publicly held. *"Warner Buys First National", The Wall Street Journal, September 27, 1928, p. 3. Fox sold its shares of First National to Warner Bros. in

5902:

The company counts China's Hony Capital and Tencent among its major investors, as well as the Hong Kong telecom conglomerate PCCW. Other major investors include the private equity firm TPG Growth and the TV and broadband company Liberty Global. East West Bank chairman Dominic Ng and producer Gigi

3120:

drastically downsized the studio, slashing its production schedule and eliminating its distribution arm (UA would distribute the studio's films for the remainder of the decade). From fifteen releases in 1973, the next year MGM was down to five; its average for the rest of the 1970s would be even

3013:

Among the significant characteristics of the Golden Age was the stability of the Hollywood majors, their hierarchy, and their near-complete domination of the box office. At the midpoint of the Golden Age, 1939, the Big Five had market shares ranging from 22% (MGM) to 9% (RKO); each of the Little

553:

Today, the Big Five major studios are primarily financial backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies – either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film. For example, Disney and Sony Pictures

3528:

possible sale of the company. If the deal is finalized, Sony will rank third in the world's movie studio rankings, behind The Walt Disney Company and NBCUniversal. In the US and Canada alone, Sony would have a 20.81% market share. On June 3, 2024, Paramount Group reportedly agreed to merge with

3220:

left its future parent company Disney under original ownership and presaged a new round of corporate acquisitions not long afterward. As part of that series, Columbia, Paramount and Warner Bros. received new owners once and for all while Universal changed corporate hands until the mid-2000s.

3155:

brand in 1984, and increasing attention to the adult live-action market during the early 1980s, Disney/Buena Vista secured acknowledgment as a full-fledged major. Film historian Joel Finler identifies 1986 as the breakthrough year, when Disney rose to third place in market share and remained

3136:

By the mid-1970s, the industry had rebounded and a significant philosophical shift was in progress. As the majors focused increasingly on the development of the next hoped-for blockbuster and began routinely opening each new movie in many hundreds of theaters (an approach called "saturation

434:, reducing the majors to a new "Big Five" for the first time since Hollywood's Golden Age. Thus, Paramount and Warner are the only Golden Age Big Five members to remain as majors today with the same names, while 20th Century Studios continues to be a major under the ownership of Disney. 246:" from their "extensive and efficient infrastructure," while it is "nearly impossible" for a film to reach a broad international theatrical audience without being first picked up by one of the majors for distribution. Today, all the Big Five major studios are also members of the 3253:. At this time, both Tri-Star and Orion were essentially out of business: the former merged with Sony and Columbia, the latter bankrupt and sold to MGM. The most important contenders to emerge during the 1990s with Viacom's purchase of Paramount Communications in 1994 — 3100:

also in 1969. The majors almost entirely abandoned low-budget production during this era, bringing the annual average of features released down to 160. The decade also saw Disney/Buena Vista commanding a prominent position in the market. Buoyed by the success of

194:

whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85% of U.S. box office revenue. The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate.

3143:

effectively ruined United Artists. The studio was sold the following year to Kerkorian, who merged it with MGM. After a brief resurgence, the combined studio continued to decline. From 1986, MGM/UA has been at best a "mini-major", to use the present-day term.

3036:

purchased 28% of Universal; early the following year, the studio became the first of the classic Hollywood majors to be taken over by an outside corporation, as Decca acquired majority ownership. In 1953, Disney established its own distribution division,

2929:. In the decades that followed, Disney and its associated distributors were able to achieve occasional successes, but its relatively small output and exclusive focus on G-rated films meant that it was not generally considered to be one of the majors. 3031:

that led to the divestiture of the Big Five's theater chains. Though this had virtually no immediate effect on the eight majors' box-office domination, it somewhat leveled the playing field between the Big Five and the Little Three. In November 1951,

3075:

in 1962, the later half of the 1960s were marked by four others — Paramount, United Artists, Warner Bros., and MGM — involved in a spate of corporate takeovers that left Columbia, Fox, and its eventual parent company Disney under original ownership.

7913: 3041:, to handle its own product which had been largely distributed by RKO. The 1950s also saw two substantial shifts in the hierarchy of the majors: RKO, perennially the weakest of the Big Five, declined rapidly under the mismanagement of 4610:, 1955–1984 (purchased by General Tire and Rubber—coupled with General Tire's broadcasting operation as RKO Teleradio Pictures; production and distribution halted in 1957; movie business dissolved in 1959 and RKO Teleradio renamed 3121:

lower. Like RKO in its last days under Hughes, MGM remained a major in terms of brand reputation, but little more. Disney by contrast began to ascend towards major status through a resurgence in its animated movies, beginning with

6920: 478:

is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony Pictures Entertainment, which is owned by Tokyo-based Sony Group Corporation and is the only US film studio owned by a foreign conglomerate, while Universal is owned by Philadelphia-based

1323: 4859: 7093: 1758: 2273:– originally a "poverty row" B-movie producer, produced many serials and was formed by the consolidation of six minor production companies in 1935. It was rebooted in 1985. Viacom then purchased it in the early 2000s. 5937: 6582: 3512:

acquired by Amazon for $ 8.45 billion, subject to regulatory approvals and other routine closing conditions; with the studio continuing to operate as a label under Amazon's existing content arm, complementing

2347:, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on September 6, 2018; by November 2018, it had reverted to Open Road, purchased by Raven Capital Management on approval as of December 19, 2018 by a Delaware bankruptcy judge. 6378: 2169:, is considered the successor to AAP; library rights are currently split mostly between Amazon (through MGM), Warner Bros. Discovery (through Warner Bros.), and Paramount Global (through Paramount Pictures). 5548:

Disney also exploited new technologies and delivery systems, creating synergies that were altogether unique among the studios, and that finally enabled the perpetual "mini-major" to ascend to major studio

5062: 5024: 1746:"Instant major" is a 1960s coined term for a film company that seemingly overnight had approached the status of major."In 1967, three "instant major" studios popped up, two of which were partnered with a 3115:

The early 1970s were difficult years for all the classic majors. Movie attendance, which had been declining steadily since the end of the Golden Age, hit an all-time low by 1971. In 1973, MGM president

6022: 4898: 3879:

Comcast acquired 51% of NBC Universal from General Electric. Comcast merged the former GE subsidiary with its own cable-television programming assets, creating the current newly reformed NBCUniversal

5391: 1678:(UA) (1919–1981): one of the "Little Three" (or "major minor") studios, originally only a distributor for independent film producers acquired by MGM in 1981; brand name was resurrected in 2019 when 7479: 5533: 4978: 4939: 218:

in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal. Today, the Big Five majors –

1186: 5168: 514:

Outside of the Big Five, there are several smaller U.S. production and distribution companies, known as independents or "indies." The leading independent producers and distributors such as

7418: 5696: 1672:

in 1948, was mismanaged and dismantled and was largely defunct by the 1957 studio lot sale; revived several times as an independent studio, with most recent film releases in 2012 and 2015.

6526: 5199: 3480:, forming a publicly traded company that would be divided between its shareholders. The proposed spin-off and acquisition was officially announced the next day, which was structured as a 7133: 5325: 7164: 5816: 5785: 5488: 5425: 3137:

booking"), their collective yearly release average fell to 81 films during 1975–84. The classic set of majors was shaken further in late 1980, when the disastrously expensive flop of

7292: 7694: 6916: 4604:

in 1948; Hughes's interest purchased by Stolkin-Koolish-Ryan-Burke-Corwin syndicate in 1952; interest repurchased by Hughes in 1953; studio nearly fully purchased by Hughes in 1954)

542:, Paramount's then-corporate parent (Viacom, after other mergers and acquisitions and rebrandings, included its movie studio's well-known name when the parent company rebranded as 7531: 6265: 3894:

Comcast bought the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal for $ 16.7 billion, since 2013, the company has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Comcast, which bought out GE's ownership stake.

7663: 7103: 6147: 7509: 5960: 4263:

Time Warner, 2003–2018 (AOL Time Warner reverted to their original name in 2003, which remained until AT&T's acquisition in 2018, despite spinning off AOL and Time Inc.)

7449: 5850: 6079: 6980: 7198: 6950: 6826: 6590: 5121: 7570: 6386: 2932:

The Motion Picture Theatre Owners of America and the Independent Producers' Association declared war in 1925 on what they termed a common enemy — the "film trust" of

7354: 6477: 5889: 7854: 5718: 7323: 6539:

Alibaba Pictures is investing in Amblin Partners and has entered into a strategic partnership with the mini-major for co-productions, finance and distribution.

6351: 3537: 6014: 5993: 3208:

With the exception of MGM/UA—whose position was effectively supplanted by Disney—the old-established studios did bounce back. The aforementioned purchase of

6447: 3751:

sold a controlling interest of Seagram's entertainment division and combined those business to French water utility and media company Vivendi, and with it,

3305:

In January 2010, Disney closed down Miramax's operations and sold off the unit and its library that July to an investor group led by Ronald N. Tutor of the

1788:(or "mini-majors") are the larger, independent film production companies that are smaller than the major studios and attempt to compete directly with them. 6363:

Artisan Home Entertainment, a division of mini-major Artisan Entertainment, has upped Jed Grossman to senior vice president, rental sales and distribution.

5381: 2711:– purchased by Content Partners LLC in 2017, focuses on distribution, remake, and sequel rights to its library following the end of its six-year deal with 7471: 7230: 5522: 7632: 6204: 6173: 2739:, who had been fighting in the courts for years for control of fundamental motion picture patents, won a major decision. This led to the creation of the 586: 251: 2965:

technology along with Warner Bros., was also acquiring a sizable circuit of movie theaters to exhibit its product. The development of sound films like

6895: 6621: 5358: 2755:. By the end of the year, Universal was making movies at two Los Angeles facilities: the former Nestor Film studio in Hollywood, and another studio in 437:

While the Big Five's main studio lots are located within 15 miles (24 km) of each other, Paramount is the only member of the Big Five still based

7601: 6560: 6417: 3507:

entered negotiations with MGM Holdings to acquire Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The negotiations were made directly with MGM board chairman Kevin Ulrich whose

6865: 3058:, who began managing the company in 1951, UA became consistently profitable. By 1956—when it released one of the biggest blockbusters of the decade, 10176: 7387: 5757: 3350:, which completed its acquisition of Time Warner, renaming it "WarnerMedia", which contained all assets owned by Warner Bros. and its subsidiaries. 10825: 7261: 463:

Disney is the only studio that has been owned by the same conglomerate since its founding. The offices of that parent entity are still located on

13439: 7410: 5688: 5191: 3067:

Despite RKO's collapse, the remaining seven majors still averaged a total yearly release slate of 253 feature films during the decade. Following

6518: 7125: 5317: 3064:—it commanded a 10% market share. By the middle of the next decade, it had reached 16% and was the second-most profitable studio in Hollywood. 1593: 559: 7156: 7038: 4447:

in 1929, but was then forced to sell off interest due to stock market crash; operational control ceded by Loew's to studio management in 1957)

3159:

The two emerging contenders were both newly formed companies. In 1978, Krim, Benjamin, and three other studio executives departed UA to found

3147:

Meanwhile, a new member was finally admitted to the club of major studios and two significant contenders emerged. With the combined output of

2217:

in 1986. Sony Pictures currently owns the television rights to most of the theatrical library and the logo, names, and trademarks through its

943: 5808: 5478: 2940:, which they claimed dominated the industry by not only producing and distributing motion pictures, but by entering into exhibition as well. 366:

The current "Big Five" majors (Universal, Paramount, Warner Bros., Disney, and Sony) all originate from film studios that were active during

5417: 4443:

merged the first two studios and Louis B. Mayer offered up the third and was named head of MGM; controlling interest in Loew's purchased by

13434: 13213: 7284: 3265:— were likewise sooner or later brought into the majors' fold. Shortly after, Matsushita sold MCA (and Universal) to Seagram in 1996, then 2621:– folded into the CBS Entertainment Group on October 11, 2019, and absorbed into CBS Studios to produce TV films for CBS All Access (later 7686: 2267:), Lantern Entertainment, and Lionsgate, which currently hold distribution rights to most of the TWC library, own their respective stakes. 5662: 3060: 7830: 7717: 7539: 6255: 8098: 6321: 4755: 4357:

Columbia Pictures Entertainment, 1987–1991 (divested by Coca-Cola; Coke's entertainment business sold to Tri-Star and takes 49% in CPE)

3324:

when acquiring 51% of NBCUniversal from General Electric before acquiring the remaining 49% and take complete ownership in March 2013.

7655: 6131: 3368:

On January 17, 2020, Disney discontinued the "Fox" name from both 20th Century Fox and Fox Searchlight Pictures and rebranded them as

11961: 7914:"Skydance Media and Paramount Global Sign Definitive Agreement to Advance Paramount as a World-Class Media and Technology Enterprise" 7502:"David Zaslav And John Stankey Outline Plans For Merging Discovery And WarnerMedia, Addressing Future Of Jason Kilar, CNN, Streaming" 7094:"The Walt Disney Company To Acquire Twenty-First Century Fox, Inc., After Spinoff of Certain Businesses, For $ 52.4 Billion in Stock" 6972: 5621: 5455: 5230: 4728: 3562:

during the Golden Age, is the only current existing major studio to remain under continuous autonomous ownership since its founding.

3328: 3028: 1734: 431: 7748: 562:, respectively), while the others function as both production and distribution companies. The specialty divisions (such as Disney's 12749: 10231: 7501: 7190: 5129: 2186: 1705: 6075: 5952: 5858: 5295: 3540:

with Paramount to create which is currently being called "New Paramount". The transaction is expected to close by September 2025.

7441: 7006: 6290: 5781: 3893: 3878: 3615: 3599: 3321: 2958: 3096:. MGM, in the process of a slow decline, changed ownership twice in the same span as well, winding up in the hands of financier 12148: 8126: 7072: 6499: 6233: 6108: 3940:

Independent, 1922–1968 (as Paramount Pictures, the company adopted its distribution division's name and folded into it in 1933)

3084:

purchased United Artists in 1967. Warner Bros. underwent large-scale reorganization twice in two years: a 1967 merger with the

546:

in 2022). In late 2008, DreamWorks once again became an independent production company; its films were distributed by Disney's

6942: 6045: 5562: 3050:

which had long operated under the financing-distribution model the other majors were now progressively shifting toward. Under

10856: 9225: 6834: 5631: 1285: 11609: 11398: 8486: 7562: 1598: 203: 7346: 5598: 10596: 10481: 7880: 3038: 1424: 1296: 555: 239: 5881: 5260: 4731:

of their owner 21st Century Fox, which was announced on December 14, 2017, and completed on March 20, 2019; was renamed

4205:

Independent, 1923–1929 (formally incorporated and renamed Warner Bros. Pictures, Incorporated; Sam Warner died in 1927)

3163:

as a joint venture with Warner Bros. It was announced optimistically as the "first major new film company in 50 years".

182:

revenue in a given market. In the American and international markets, the major film studios, often known simply as the

13196: 11966: 10171: 8910: 6469: 3673: 475: 4527:

currently owns the greatest number of shares—and privately held as a minor media company independent of Sony/Columbia)

4133:

currently owns the greatest number of shares—and privately held as a minor media company independent of Sony/Columbia)

2575:– filed for bankruptcy in September 1990, resulting in the company folding up operations; the library is now owned by 10723: 10586: 10313: 9549: 9046: 8074: 8059: 8044: 8029: 8014: 7999: 7984: 7969: 7954: 6141: 5931: 5162: 5097: 5056: 5018: 4972: 4933: 4892: 4853: 4821: 4765: 2953:, and a whole new era began, with "pictures that talked", bringing the studio to the forefront of the film industry. 2756: 1774: 1588: 538:

commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major. In 2006, DreamWorks was acquired by

7315: 6343: 5921: 13444: 10521: 10186: 4775: 4745: 4712: 4706: 4701:

in 1981 with the hyphen removed; Rich's interest purchased by Davis in 1984; half of Davis's interest purchased by

3484:. AT&T shareholders would receive a 71% stake in the enlarged Discovery, which would be led by its current CEO 3388: 3217: 3188: 3167:

was created in 1982 as a joint venture of future corporate sibling Columbia Pictures (at that time acquired by the

2390: 1704:

later that year while retaining MGM's pre-May 1986 library; became a mini-major studio upon the sale; emerged from

785: 12313: 11393: 10738: 10064: 8654: 6439: 4572: 3814: 2841: 1876: 1133: 965: 7220: 3276:

The development of in-house pseudo-indie subsidiaries by the conglomerates—sparked by the 1992 establishment of

13176: 11522: 11333: 10576: 10571: 10526: 8340: 7773: 7067: 3555: 2816: 2740: 2242: 1754: 1727: 1220: 238:– routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets (that is, where 231: 141: 64: 7624: 6181: 4620:, 1984–1987 (reorganization creates holding company with RKO General and General Tire as primary subsidiaries) 534:, are sometimes referred to as "mini-majors." From 1998 through 2005, during a portion of the Big Six period, 495:. Most of today's Big Five also control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on 12932: 12659: 12276: 11584: 11128: 10951: 10810: 10501: 10389: 10201: 10151: 9865: 9765: 9394: 8528: 8240: 8181: 8086: 5836: 4014:, 2019–present (re-merger between Viacom and CBS to form ViacomCBS, now known as Paramount Global since 2022) 3559: 3441: 3354: 2833: 2572: 2286: 1334: 938: 799: 464: 333: 313: 17: 6613: 5350: 3327:

On December 14, 2017, The Walt Disney Company (the parent company of major film studio Walt Disney Studios)

3289:

More developments took place among the majors' subsidiaries. The very successful animation production house

13315: 12547: 12522: 11373: 11353: 10581: 10343: 10156: 9720: 8971: 8785: 8402: 8304: 7593: 4785: 4436: 2452:(or "semi-majors") are significant studios that are sisters to or had a stake held by a major film studio. 2340: 2166: 1159: 1128: 923: 805: 5418:"Elizabeth Gabler Breaks Silence on Sony Move, Disney Exit, HarperCollins and Streaming Plans (Exclusive)" 1668:(RKO) (1929–1959): one of the Big Five studios (originally incorporated as RKO Radio Pictures), bought by 13429: 13077: 12649: 12202: 12067: 11756: 11084: 10698: 10460: 10318: 10267: 9997: 9785: 9690: 9302: 7377: 6887: 6409: 5749: 3915: 3222: 3077: 2911:

had founded the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio and The Disney Brothers Features Company with his brother

2877: 2712: 1339: 816: 760: 207: 8740: 7253: 4721:, 2013–2019 (renamed media conglomerate when News Corporation split into two companies on June 28, 2013) 4151: 3592:

retired from the movie industry and sold a controlling interest of Universal to an American businessman

13087: 12694: 12537: 11182: 10379: 10226: 10221: 10074: 9940: 9616: 9220: 8860: 8119: 7725: 6857: 6552: 6205:"'Olympus Has Fallen,' 'Insidious' Bought in FilmDistrict Library Deal by Content Partners (EXCLUSIVE)" 5983: 5404:...which may explain why C.B.C. incorporated itself as the classier-sounding Columbia Pictures in 1924. 4760: 4679: 4623: 4524: 4467: 4130: 4073: 3129: 2845: 2779: 2604: 2485: 2400: 2189:

on July 30, 2015. Emerged from bankruptcy in 2016, only to re-file in May 2018, sold to UltraV Holdings

1821: 755: 650: 582: 453: 367: 277: 247: 13097: 12654: 12609: 12517: 11895: 11338: 11298: 10849: 10768: 10703: 10656: 10435: 10272: 9935: 9643: 9494: 9464: 9312: 9061: 9021: 9001: 8925: 8284: 8230: 4770: 3453: 2674: 2600: 1764: 1354: 1171: 891: 6741: 3045:, who had purchased a controlling interest in the studio in 1948. By the time Hughes sold it to the 12599: 11619: 11614: 11482: 11323: 10946: 10788: 10323: 10236: 10196: 10095: 9915: 9885: 9810: 9790: 9780: 9740: 9653: 9611: 8850: 8745: 7442:"AT&T in advanced talks to merge WarnerMedia with Discovery, deal expected as soon as tomorrow" 7028: 4780: 4327:

Independent, 1924–1968 (company changes name to Columbia Pictures Corporation; goes public in 1926)

4055: 3930: 3524: 3103: 3081: 2885: 2837: 2792: 2597:– consolidated in 1987 into Columbia, was one of the partners in the joint venture that created it. 2283:(a subsidiary of Universal) in 2014; the library acquired by Content Partners LLC in December 2020. 1683: 1564: 1369: 820: 12664: 3787:

merged with the company, formed through the combining of NBC and Vivendi Universal Entertainment)

12589: 12467: 11919: 11723: 10926: 10897: 10763: 10646: 10631: 10546: 10455: 10420: 10394: 10206: 9880: 9870: 9815: 9745: 9705: 9574: 9554: 9544: 9414: 9354: 9175: 8890: 8823: 8518: 8464: 8454: 8153: 7831:"Paramount, Skydance Agree on New M&A Deal Terms but Shari Redstone Hasn't Approved Pact Yet" 7194: 7098: 6802: 4724: 4422: 4235: 4223: 4209: 3836: 3774: 3752: 3714: 3633: 3508: 3429: 3139: 3089: 2937: 2920: 2865: 2644: 2354: 2238: 1731: 1559: 1226: 1196: 1123: 457: 419: 357: 2786:

in Hollywood. On April 4, 1923, the Warner Bros. incorporated their fledgling movie company as "

1682:

and MGM renamed a distribution company, which was a joint venture between the two companies, to

959: 242:

is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films). The majors enjoy "significant internal

12861: 12809: 12674: 12395: 12187: 11996: 11868: 11701: 11604: 11589: 11383: 11271: 10678: 10626: 10486: 10450: 10363: 10161: 9970: 9960: 9950: 9875: 9820: 9606: 9569: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9439: 9409: 9250: 9245: 9170: 9138: 9026: 8880: 8775: 8474: 8104: 7288: 4673: 4444: 4289: 4227: 3973: 3967: 3949: 3611: 3489: 3277: 3085: 2893: 2828: 2698: 2632: 2612: 2512: 2507: 2334: 2260: 2176: 1617: 1505: 1349: 1113: 1027: 750: 729: 539: 515: 492: 441: 297: 82:

The logos of the "Big Five" film studios, arranged in order by the year each studio was founded

8579: 7316:"CBS Films Being Folded Into CBS Entertainment Group, Focus Shifting to Streaming (EXCLUSIVE)" 6722: 6410:"Cannon Bid as Major Studio Is Cliffhanger : Firm's Future at Risk in High-Stakes Gamble" 5087: 5046: 5008: 4923: 4693:

Independent, 1935–1985 (merged both companies in 1935 as 20th Century-Fox; fully purchased by

3225:

was renamed Paramount Communications and Coca-Cola sold Columbia to Japanese electronics firm

2974:

enabled the Hollywood majors to achieve their lasting domination of the global film industry.

13045: 12604: 12246: 12136: 11793: 10798: 10758: 10728: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10358: 10100: 9965: 9760: 9735: 9725: 9715: 9678: 9504: 9389: 9081: 9031: 9006: 8900: 8885: 8269: 8220: 8112: 5988: 4962: 4882: 4841: 4813: 4806: 4523:/4 private equity firms, 2005–2010 (purchased by Sony, Comcast, and private investment firms— 4337: 4241: 4129:/4 private equity firms, 2005–2010 (purchased by Sony, Comcast, and private investment firms— 3669: 3423: 3168: 2787: 2300: 2252: 2248: 1059: 1034: 954: 353: 273: 215: 53: 13082: 6686:"Fox Holdings in First National Pictures Sold", The Washington Post, November 4, 1929, p. 3. 6311: 5152: 2213:

in 1982; acquired by the Coca-Cola Company in 1985; its theatrical division was acquired by

427:

acquired Columbia Pictures Entertainment, which became Sony Pictures Entertainment in 1991.

13398: 13295: 13191: 12854: 12557: 12422: 12234: 12168: 11579: 11516: 11511: 11388: 11202: 11155: 11037: 10988: 10887: 10842: 10778: 10748: 10743: 10718: 10708: 10616: 10551: 10440: 10353: 10308: 10298: 9860: 9835: 9628: 9601: 9559: 9524: 9519: 9509: 9349: 9292: 9056: 9016: 8750: 8609: 8603: 8586: 8569: 8386: 8353: 8348: 8315: 5654: 5222: 4732: 4663: 4507: 4330:

Columbia Pictures Industries, 1968–1987 (merger between Columbia Pictures Corporation and

4113: 3695: 3481: 3382: 3373: 3369: 3340: 3336: 3148: 2901: 2682: 2666: 2531: 2431: 2394: 2380: 2324: 2256: 2224: 2020: 2014: 1966: 1948: 1723: 1407: 1274: 1238: 1233: 1176: 1069: 740: 734: 563: 5447: 4363:, 1991–present (Columbia Pictures Entertainment rebrands itself two years after purchase) 3346:

From June 14, 2018, until its acquisition by Discovery in 2022, Warner Bros. was owned by

8: 12901: 12774: 12759: 12624: 12527: 12462: 12158: 12119: 11991: 11976: 11803: 11562: 11368: 11343: 11308: 11261: 10688: 10516: 10303: 10216: 10079: 10069: 9955: 9925: 9895: 9850: 9830: 9750: 9539: 9534: 9469: 9429: 9399: 9287: 9255: 9111: 8813: 8808: 8765: 8632: 8479: 8380: 8358: 8176: 4586: 4491: 4485: 4477: 4461: 4384: 4097: 4091: 4083: 4067: 4061: 4005: 3957: 3798: 3770: 3706: 3533: 3282: 3262: 3152: 2933: 2686: 2648: 2628: 2536: 1848: 1768: 1693: 1609: 1396: 1380: 1359: 1144: 933: 745: 718: 547: 535: 519: 449: 394: 337: 317: 374:," being that era's original "Big Five" plus its "Little Three," collectively the eight 13305: 13149: 13035: 13025: 12927: 12819: 12799: 12699: 12679: 12447: 12375: 12281: 12266: 12197: 11902: 11838: 11696: 11676: 11567: 11217: 11138: 11072: 11062: 11025: 10641: 10636: 10511: 10425: 10415: 10059: 10054: 9945: 9905: 9489: 9434: 9277: 9150: 9101: 9096: 8986: 8954: 8845: 8659: 8624: 8564: 8523: 8235: 8196: 8161: 7805: 7382: 7033: 7002: 5984:"Whither Orion? : The Last of the Mini-Major Studios Finds Itself at a Crossroads" 5769:

He is also responsible for the overall operations of the Lionsgate Motion Picture Group

5567: 5483: 5386: 5287: 4750: 4597: 4552: 4495: 4451: 4394: 4249:

Time-Warner, 1990–2001 (on January 10, 1990, in New York City, New York as a merger of

4167: 4101: 3908: 3736: 3702: 3685: 3663: 3659: 3619: 3607: 3582: 3571: 3517: 2889: 2748: 2708: 2636: 2588: 2522: 2466: 2386: 2370: 2294: 2218: 1994: 1908: 1871: 1835: 1802: 1747: 1713: 1687: 1679: 1632: 1628: 1583: 1547: 1318: 1181: 902: 861: 840: 713: 684: 608: 571: 404: 382: 327: 293: 243: 223: 219: 191: 117: 105: 44: 35: 6286: 4501: 4107: 13404: 13355: 13144: 13067: 12917: 12871: 12844: 12839: 12829: 12744: 12704: 12482: 12370: 12360: 12286: 12214: 12094: 11939: 11934: 11863: 11818: 11781: 11718: 11706: 11624: 11572: 11506: 11501: 11477: 11445: 11177: 11172: 10921: 10661: 10476: 10430: 10348: 10262: 10120: 10034: 9975: 9855: 9805: 9700: 9586: 9499: 9334: 9200: 9133: 9106: 8991: 8976: 8959: 8920: 8818: 8701: 8551: 8501: 8444: 8299: 8209: 8204: 8070: 8055: 8040: 8025: 8010: 7995: 7980: 7965: 7950: 7888: 7781: 6260: 6137: 5927: 5627: 5158: 5093: 5052: 5014: 4968: 4929: 4888: 4849: 4817: 4600:; controlling interest purchased by Odlum in 1942; controlling interest purchased by 4306: 4037: 3810: 3748: 3465: 3447: 3435: 3396: 3164: 2859: 2656: 2580: 2376: 2358: 2270: 2214: 2162: 2158: 2094: 1930: 1578: 1480: 912: 907: 575: 531: 412: 12579: 7855:"National Amusements stops discussions with Skydance on Paramount deal, sources say" 7062: 6229: 6100: 6053: 3976:, 2005–2019 (Viacom split into two companies: "new" Viacom—with Paramount Pictures, 2643:, in 2005; distributed the films from 2005 to 2011; reformed as an independent with 2175:– purchased in 1994 by Turner Broadcasting System; TBS merged with Time Warner (now 13375: 13365: 13275: 13203: 13186: 13181: 13102: 13030: 12896: 12891: 12881: 12876: 12824: 12764: 12734: 12689: 12552: 12452: 12365: 12328: 12033: 11981: 11907: 11848: 11761: 11557: 11550: 11440: 11313: 11165: 11150: 11114: 11099: 11032: 11003: 10983: 10892: 10773: 10753: 10733: 10693: 10683: 10606: 10541: 10506: 10384: 10328: 10277: 10191: 10135: 10130: 10110: 10029: 10024: 9900: 9825: 9710: 9663: 9579: 9459: 9419: 9329: 9324: 9265: 9215: 9205: 9195: 9180: 9160: 9086: 9041: 8930: 8865: 8574: 8449: 8246: 7347:"Disney Drops Fox Name, Will Rebrand as 20th Century Studios, Searchlight Pictures" 4718: 4687: 4627: 4544: 4416: 4404: 4341: 4157: 4011: 3943: 3874: 3832: 3828: 3802: 3790: 3603: 3593: 3504: 3411: 3358: 3332: 3294: 3270: 3209: 2970: 2925: 2822: 2783: 2594: 2584: 2517: 2366: 2362: 2310: 2202: 2182: 1972: 1841: 1709: 1485: 1448: 1364: 1149: 846: 824: 628: 543: 523: 511:); several other specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010. 488: 398: 347: 171: 3952:, 1989–1995 (Gulf+Western changed the name after selling non-entertainment assets) 2840:). Warner Bros. eventually expanded its studio operations to Leavesden in London. 2195:– in 1990, was considered the last of the mini-majors. Purchased in 1988 by Kluge/ 1726:(TCF, 20CF, 20th, or Fox) (1935–2019): one of the Big Six studios, became part of 1418: 13325: 13250: 13240: 13235: 13220: 13129: 13072: 12971: 12866: 12784: 12779: 12709: 12644: 12564: 12437: 12432: 12405: 12301: 12099: 12062: 12008: 12001: 11954: 11828: 11798: 11711: 11671: 11666: 11599: 11545: 11530: 11450: 11425: 11420: 11358: 11276: 11266: 11227: 11143: 11067: 10993: 10803: 10793: 10713: 10651: 10621: 10591: 10496: 10338: 9910: 9775: 9695: 9359: 9307: 9240: 9230: 9165: 9118: 9091: 9011: 8875: 8592: 8559: 8408: 8326: 8279: 8274: 7947:

Lost Illusions: American Cinema in the Shadow of Watergate and Vietnam, 1970–1979

5923:

Lost Illusions: American Cinema in the Shadow of Watergate and Vietnam, 1970–1979

5809:"Lionsgate Partners With Execs At Film Initiative Targeting Global Local Markets" 4430: 4293: 4273: 4213: 4033: 3997: 3961: 3923: 3500: 3473: 3400: 3377: 3254: 3117: 3093: 3055: 2945: 2853: 2798: 2678: 2652: 2640: 2499: 2489: 2344: 2210: 2172: 2037: 1999: 1943: 1825: 1542: 1456: 1452: 1385: 1258: 1209: 1118: 1102: 1039: 1005: 771: 654: 199: 12959: 6553:"Weintraub's Worries : Box-Office Flops Add to Woes of Flashy 'Mini-Major'" 5590: 4064:, 1981–2023 (purchased by Kirk Kerkorian from Transamerica and merged into MGM) 3380:. The "Searchlight Pictures" and "20th Century Studios" name were first seen on 2957:

played to standing-room-only crowds throughout the country and earned a special

2836:

in Burbank, which it began to use starting in 1928 (and which is famous for its

2705:

and its subsidiaries make cartoons and movies based on Hanna-Barbera characters.

13310: 13280: 13260: 13122: 13107: 13052: 13010: 12849: 12804: 12794: 12769: 12724: 12714: 12492: 12472: 12442: 12427: 12385: 12350: 12308: 12296: 12291: 12084: 12055: 11944: 11929: 11873: 11728: 11686: 11197: 11013: 10904: 10611: 10536: 10491: 10282: 10211: 10125: 10115: 10105: 9840: 9795: 9668: 9444: 9319: 9270: 9235: 9210: 9145: 9051: 8915: 8905: 8840: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8365: 8171: 8166: 5851:"A24 Open Doors For Film Production, Finance, And Production - Movie City News" 5083: 4702: 4683: 4643: 4634:—and merged with amusement park operations to form RKO/Six Flags Entertainment) 4534: 4464:, 1981–1986 (United Artists purchased by Kerkorian in 1981 and merged into MGM) 4455: 4426: 4408: 4398: 4390: 4187: 4140: 4070:, 1981–1986 (United Artists purchased by Kerkorian in 1981 and merged into MGM) 4041: 4026: 3993: 3934: 3766: 3529: 3513: 3417: 3362: 3314: 3213: 3184: 3160: 3097: 3051: 2881: 2775: 2427: 2408: 2306: 2280: 2192: 1916: 1898: 1887: 1853: 1717: 1701: 1675: 1553: 1313: 854: 777: 708: 697: 567: 500: 408: 287: 13166: 12964: 12256: 7749:"Sony Pictures, Apollo Offer to Buy Paramount Global for $ 26 Billion in Cash" 4170:, 2024–present (revived on July 26, 2024 after more than a decade of dormancy) 1737:

in 2019; 20th Century Fox was renamed 20th Century Studios the following year.

307: 13423: 13285: 13265: 12814: 12754: 12739: 12629: 12574: 12569: 12542: 12512: 12477: 12318: 12271: 12261: 12224: 12192: 12182: 12173: 12143: 12013: 11949: 11890: 11885: 11823: 11788: 11733: 11691: 11661: 11651: 11644: 11460: 11408: 11378: 11363: 11318: 11303: 11222: 11089: 11042: 11008: 10968: 10936: 10909: 10445: 10399: 10333: 9987: 9800: 9596: 9449: 9404: 9379: 9344: 9339: 9071: 9066: 8981: 8895: 8735: 8686: 8598: 8506: 8459: 8436: 7892: 7785: 4649: 4601: 4582: 4530: 4360: 4195: 4136: 4045: 3848: 3647: 3629: 3625: 3405: 3230: 3072: 3042: 3033: 2999: 2989: 2912: 2767: 2752: 2736: 2670: 2576: 2073: 1980: 1892: 1669: 1531: 1467: 928: 659: 487:), and the other two report to corporations headquartered in New York City — 407:

was, during that early era, considered one of the "Little Three," along with

235: 211: 153: 73: 12594: 5252: 4641:, who also is the CEO. As of 2015, the company's recent films released were 4052:

and Robert Benjamin from 1951; fully purchased by Krim and Benjamin in 1956)

3769:

television networks and the acquisition of media assets of Canadian company

1269: 13156: 13139: 13092: 12942: 12886: 12417: 12412: 12343: 12219: 12163: 12114: 12089: 12077: 11808: 11540: 11535: 11472: 11435: 11413: 11403: 11281: 11212: 11192: 11094: 11052: 10958: 10941: 10257: 10252: 9920: 9755: 9730: 9658: 9638: 9591: 9364: 9297: 9282: 9260: 9190: 9076: 8870: 8855: 8828: 8755: 8491: 8391: 8375: 8261: 4698: 4631: 4607: 4565: 4513: 4412: 4191: 4180: 4119: 3919: 3780: 3735:

name, the company became Universal Studios, Inc. and the parent company of

3589: 3578: 3485: 3306: 3123: 3046: 3003: 2873: 2763: 2744: 2702: 2690: 2276: 2264: 2232: 2026: 1665: 1516: 1402: 1391: 1264: 1021: 671: 484: 390: 386: 227: 129: 7472:"AT&T announces $ 43 billion deal to merge WarnerMedia with Discovery" 4626:, 1987–1989 (spun off from RKO General, purchased by Wesray—controlled by 3960:, 1994–present (owner of the two iterations of Viacom; the first includes 3865:

a 20% share of the new company. with an option to sell its share in 2006.)

13408: 13370: 13350: 13345: 13330: 13320: 13300: 13230: 13208: 13134: 13040: 12981: 12976: 12834: 12639: 12619: 12584: 12333: 12229: 11986: 11971: 11912: 11878: 11656: 11629: 11594: 11465: 11455: 11328: 11288: 11256: 11207: 11123: 11104: 11077: 10973: 10931: 10882: 10531: 9982: 9930: 9673: 9648: 9623: 9529: 9514: 9374: 9369: 8964: 8803: 8780: 8513: 8496: 8469: 8135: 5726: 4638: 4611: 4593: 4440: 4331: 4266: 4049: 4001: 3985: 3496: 3477: 3310: 3242: 3234: 2908: 2694: 2622: 2608: 2206: 2102: 1640: 1526: 1521: 1200: 1010: 985: 829: 508: 468: 445: 378:

that controlled as much as 96% of the market during the 1930s and 1940s.

375: 91: 27:

United States film production and distribution companies with high output

7126:"21st Century Fox And Disney Stockholders Approve Acquisition By Disney" 4614:; RKO General establishes RKO Pictures as production subsidiary in 1981) 3964:, the second involving the split; CBS and Viacom would reunite in 2019) 3488:. As the transaction closed on April 8, 2022, Discovery renamed itself 448:

of the City of Los Angeles. Warner Bros. and Disney are both located in

267: 13360: 13340: 13290: 13270: 13255: 13245: 13161: 13112: 12922: 12729: 12669: 12487: 12380: 12323: 12251: 12209: 12040: 11858: 11843: 11813: 11771: 11740: 11430: 11293: 11057: 10998: 10978: 10868: 10601: 10039: 9890: 9564: 9123: 9036: 8996: 8770: 8414: 8396: 8294: 6379:"Distributor report cards: Mini-majors, specialty divisions and indies" 5953:"Ryan Kavanaugh's Relativity Media Finally Files Chapter 11 Bankruptcy" 5839:

Travis Johnson filmink.com.au 4 10 2020, Retrieved on 13 December 2022.

4887:(2nd ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 59–108. 4538: 4471: 4317: 4313: 4244:, 1972–1990 (Kinney spun off non-entertainment assets and changed name) 4217: 4199: 4144: 4077: 3071:'s acquisition of Decca Records and the aforementioned Universal under 2983: 2962: 2892:

as a distribution arm and eventually adopted its name. That same year,

2803: 2771: 2730: 2404: 2318: 2196: 1697: 1290: 1091: 633: 179: 167: 7378:"Disney Drops Fox From Names of Studios It Bought From Rupert Murdoch" 6943:"Paramount Vantage Sets Release Date for Sundance Winner 'Like Crazy'" 13171: 13117: 13015: 12954: 12947: 12789: 12684: 12634: 12355: 12241: 12104: 12050: 11853: 11776: 11766: 11639: 11634: 11249: 11244: 11234: 11160: 11133: 11109: 11047: 11020: 10963: 10783: 10044: 9683: 9454: 9384: 9185: 9155: 8833: 8709: 8370: 8310: 8289: 7949:(Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press). 6800:

Thompson, Anne (1987-05-10). "VCRs Sending People Back to Theaters".

4694: 4321: 4250: 3677: 3250: 3238: 3176: 3027:

The end of the Golden Age had been signaled by the majors' loss of a

2950: 2916: 2807: 2660: 2618: 2421: 2328: 2314: 2111: 1936: 1920: 1644: 1308: 1086: 1064: 642: 11833: 7157:"Disney Sets March 20 Closing Date For 21st Century Fox Acquisition" 4715:, 1985–2013 (purchased the remainder of Davis's shares in September) 3523:

On April 18, 2024, rumors began to circulate that Sony Pictures and

3495:

On the same day after the announcement of the acquisition/merger of

13057: 12719: 12614: 12400: 12390: 12338: 12028: 11487: 11239: 10916: 10671: 10181: 10049: 9845: 9770: 9633: 6692:"Film Concern Dissolves", The New York Times, July 12, 1936, p. F1. 6316: 6256:"Seagram buys PolyGram from Philips for $ 10.6bn | The Independent" 4669: 3732: 3718: 3699: 3681: 3655: 3651: 3643: 3639: 3439:) and others were launched to the digital market (like Universal's 3246: 3068: 3007: 2897: 1435: 989: 886: 624: 496: 7285:"Bob Bakish's Memo to ViacomCBS Staff: Merger "A Historic Moment"" 4220:, and Charles Allen Jr.; purchased a controlling interest in 1956) 13380: 13062: 13005: 12023: 10166: 9128: 8760: 8214: 7225: 6519:"Spielberg's Amblin, China's Alibaba enter strategic partnership" 5318:"China Media Capital, Warner Bros. Seal Flagship Production Pact" 4922:

Davis, Glyn; Dickinson, Kay; Patti, Lisa; Villarejo, Amy (2015).

4617: 4520: 4279: 4270: 4126: 3886: 3870: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3844: 3840: 3822: 3794: 3762: 3758: 3744: 3728: 3722: 3691: 3472:

On May 16, 2021, it was reported that AT&T was in talks with

3353:

On August 13, 2019, Paramount Pictures parent, Viacom, announced

3347: 3266: 3258: 2872:

In 1916, a second powerful Hollywood studio was established when

2350: 2290: 2228: 1636: 1154: 874: 677: 637: 504: 480: 8134: 8052:

The Genius of the System: Hollywood Filmmaking in the Studio Era

5689:"MGM Nears Deal to Acquire All of Epix amid Stunning Turnaround" 5192:"Disney Film Boss Ousted by Warner Finds Vindication in Success" 4366:

Sony, 1989–2021 (purchased by Sony Corporation in November 1989)

3761:, 2001–2004 (created on January 8, 2001, with the merger of the 13335: 12532: 12457: 12109: 12045: 12018: 11681: 11494: 11348: 9992: 8093: 8081: 7687:"Amazon Buys MGM, Studio Behind James Bond, for $ 8.45 Billion" 7254:"CBS and Viacom reach merger deal, ending years of discussions" 4450:

Independent, 1959–1981 (fully divested by Loew's; purchased by

3532:

instead of Sony for $ 8 billion. Skydance would first acquire

3492:

and ended AT&T's investment in the entertainment business.

3357:

with CBS Corporation, and the combined company would be called

2415: 1443: 997: 663: 550:

until 2016, at which point distribution switched to Universal.

10834: 6470:"Open Road Bankruptcy Sale to Raven Capital Approved by Judge" 6136:(illustrated ed.). Rutgers University Press. p. 67. 5479:"Tom Rothman To Launch New TriStar Productions Label For Sony" 4727:, 2019–present (Disney acquired 20th Century Fox as part of a 4504:, 1992–1997 (foreclosed upon by bank after Parretti defaulted) 4488:, 1986–1990 (repurchased by Kerkorian seventy-four days later) 4110:, 1992–1997 (foreclosed upon by bank after Parretti defaulted) 4094:, 1986–1990 (repurchased by Kerkorian seventy-four days later) 3606:, an American businessman, acquired a controlling interest in 3476:

for it to merge with and acquire Warner Bros.' parent company

574:

phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely

13020: 12153: 12131: 12124: 11924: 8321: 6885: 5157:. Guilford, Connecticut: Taylor Trade Publishing. p. 8. 4186:

Independent as Warner Brothers Studio, 1918–1923 (founded by

3797:, (formed on May 11, 2004, beginning on November 8, 2004, as 3731:, 1996-2000 (On December 9, 1996, the new owners dropped the 3459: 3290: 2437: 2397:) in 1997. The content library is held under the film studio. 1912: 1696:(MGM) (1924–1986): one of the Big Seven studios, acquired by 1344: 1081: 993: 7191:"Disney Deal for Fox Would End Era of the 'Big Six' Studios" 7026: 5623:

American International Pictures: A Comprehensive Filmography

5122:"Disney Deal for Fox Would End Era of the 'Big Six' Studios" 4921: 4884:

Big Media, Big Money: Cultural Texts and Political Economics

4592:

Independent, 1935–1955 (half of RCA's interest purchased by

3156:

consistently competitive for a leading position thereafter.

3127:(1977), and the studio began to enter the adult market with 2297:

in 1999; bulk of the pre-March 31, 1996, library sold to MGM

12072: 10865: 9424: 8422: 6440:"Global Road Files Chapter 11 Bankruptcy for Film Division" 4369: 3226: 1473: 1439: 1204: 424: 175: 7881:"Paramount and Skydance Are Said to Reach a Deal to Merge" 6500:"Alchemy Files For Chapter 7-Names Long List of Creditors" 4581:, 1928–1935 (merger engineered under RCA by its president 3843:

as part of a larger deal that included the acquisition of

3249:

was purchased by fellow Japanese electronics conglomerate

3010:, bringing the yearly average down to 288 for the decade. 2651:

banner until 2016; now a label after being reorganized as

2407:/Metromedia International, making it the sister studio to 452:, while Universal is in the nearby unincorporated area of 8681: 8673: 8225: 6287:"Seagrams completes PolyGram acquisition - Dec. 10, 1998" 4578: 4349: 4345: 4257: 3989: 3981: 3977: 3806: 3784: 3180: 3172: 2995: 2542: 2179:) in 1996; and New Line merged with Warner Bros. in 2008. 2116: 2062: 2054: 1954: 1859: 1496: 1491: 1249: 1244: 1050: 1045: 1001: 866: 689: 527: 178:

annually and consistently command a significant share of

7532:"Discovery Closes Acquisition of AT&T's WarnerMedia" 5782:"Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation – Company History" 4657: 4637:

Independent as RKO Pictures LLC, 1989–present (owned by

4352:

initiated in 1982—CBS drops out in 1985 and HBO in 1986)

2844:

is the main studio in production of hit movies like the

1750:

theatrical film unit, with the most lasting until 1973:

7656:"Hollywood studio MGM puts itself up for sale at $ 5bn" 7411:"coronavirus forces Hollywood into uncharted territory" 6614:"Jexi, CBS films final movie, Premieres in Los Angeles" 4238:, 1969–1972 (Kinney purchased Warner Bros.–Seven Arts) 3882: 3818: 2689:

library and US and Canadian distribution rights to the

1661:

Other major film studios of the 20th century included:

7057: 7055: 6855: 5882:"STX Entertainment files for planned IPO in Hong Kong" 5092:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 139. 4880: 2591:) owning television and streaming distribution rights. 389:

were also part of the original "Big Five," along with

7369: 6043: 6015:"'Avco's Way to Lick the Movie Giants of Hollywood', 5006: 4312:

Independent as CBC Film Sales, 1918–1924 (founded by

554:

distribute their films through affiliated divisions (

423:

1986, reducing the majors to the "Big Six". In 1989,

371: 7184: 7182: 5223:"In Hollywood, a Decade of Hits Is No Longer Enough" 3543: 3175:(then owned by Warner Bros. Discovery's predecessor 2759:. The first Hollywood major studio was in business. 2251:– filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy but was bought by 381:

In addition to being members of today's "Big Five,"

7221:"AT&T Completes Acquisition of Time Warner Inc" 7052: 6886:Goldsmith, Jill & Tatiana Siegel (2008-12-04). 6133:

Death of the Moguls: The End of Classical Hollywood

5951:Patten, Dominic; Fleming, Mike Jr. (30 July 2015). 5563:"Scott Stuber Closes Deal To Revive United Artists" 3415:). Several films were delayed (Universal and MGM's 2977: 2724: 1712:, which also owns and operates Amazon MGM Studios, 587:

Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers

581:The Big Five major studios are also members of the 252:

Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers

7027:Barnes, Brooks & Michael Cieply (2010-07-30). 5382:"It Happened With One Movie: A Studio Transformed" 5013:(2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 143. 4805: 4559: 4537:, other former bondholders (2011–2022), including 4292:, 2022–present (AT&T spin-off and merged with 4143:, other former bondholders (2011–2022), including 3017: 7179: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4208:Warner Bros.–First National, 1929–1967 (acquired 3192:back the Big Five for the first time since then. 2796:, Warner Bros. released their full-fledged movie 13421: 8550: 8152: 7718:"Amazon Closes $ 8.5 Billion Acquisition of MGM" 5007:Gomery, Douglas; Pafort-Overduin, Clara (2011). 3581:, a German-born American film producer, founded 1614:Walt Disney Studios Sony Pictures Releasing (JV) 1429:Walt Disney Studios Sony Pictures Releasing (JV) 190:, are commonly regarded as the five diversified 90:The locations of the "Big Five" film studios in 8035:Jewell, Richard B., with Vernon Harbin (1982). 7879:Mullin, Benjamin; Hirsch, Lauren (2024-07-02). 7774:"Sony and Apollo in Talks to Acquire Paramount" 7772:Mullin, Benjamin; Hirsch, Lauren (2024-05-05). 7563:"Amazon Said to Make $ 9 Billion Offer for MGM" 5591:"Instant Major' Is New Term For Film Companies" 4954: 3558:, which despite being primarily an independent 3399:with some cinema chains closing, precipitating 2802:in 1927. Warner Bros. were the pioneers of the 2647:distributing the live-action films under their 2440:– purchased in 2006 by The Walt Disney Company. 2434:– purchased in 2009 by The Walt Disney Company. 2424:– purchased in 2012 by The Walt Disney Company. 2303:– purchased in 2003 by Lions Gate Entertainment 174:companies that release a substantial number of 7469: 7155:Petski, Denise; Hayes, Dade (March 12, 2019). 7000: 6799: 5926:. University of California Press. p. 10. 5837:How A24 Became the Coolest Mini-Major on Earth 5523:"The Studio System and Conglomerate Hollywood" 4993: 3548: 370:Four of these were among that original era's " 10850: 10380:Cohn-Brandt-Cohn (CBC) Film Sales Corporation 8120: 6917:"Paramount Vantage Acquires Worldwide Rights" 6723:"230 Pix On Season's Production Charts Ready" 6174:"Beyond the Big 6: Mini Majors Gain Momentum" 5950: 5719:"LIONS GATE ENTERTAINMENT COR (LGF:New York)" 5144: 5076: 4967:. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 18. 4846:Film Theory and Contemporary Hollywood Movies 4808:The Big Picture: Money And Power in Hollywood 2165:, 1967 – The current entertainment company, 7994:, 3d ed. (London and New York: Wallflower). 7878: 7771: 6940: 6856:Hayes, Dade & Dave McNary (2008-05-08). 4881:Bettig, Ronald V.; Jeanne Lynn Hall (2012). 4378: 4334:. CPI becomes the parent of both companies) 3520:. The acquisition closed on March 17, 2022. 3376:respectively, to avoid brand confusion with 2416:Other significant, past independent entities 2309:– distribution and marketing assets sold to 214:. U.S. studios have benefited from a strong 7470:Kovach, Steve; Meredith, Sam (2021-05-17). 7154: 5373: 5288:"Market Share for Each Distributor in 2023" 5048:The Creative Industries: Culture and Policy 4575:, 1918–1928 (founded by Harry F. Robertson) 3821:had acquired 80% of the subsidiary, giving 3622:for international distribution was created) 10857: 10843: 8127: 8113: 6970: 6516: 6130:Dixon, Wheeler Winston (August 28, 2012). 6076:"Comcast completes DreamWorks acquisition" 5903:Pritzker have also invested in the studio. 5351:"Disney, Sony team up for Russian content" 5348: 4756:Media cross-ownership in the United States 4226:, 1967–1969 (purchased by and merged with 3392:a week later on February 21 respectively. 2943:On October 6, 1927, Warner Bros. released 8065:Thomas, Tony, and Aubrey Solomon (1985). 6046:"Lear, Perenchio Sell Embassy Properties" 5806: 3933:, 1916–1921 (founded by Adolph Zukor and 444:and located entirely within the official 7828: 7746: 7684: 7560: 7029:"Disney Sells Miramax for $ 660 Million" 6973:"Relativity Completes Rogue Acquisition" 6919:(Press release). Paramount. 2010-01-22. 6407: 6312:"MGM To Buy PolyGram Library - CBS News" 6101:"Weinstein Company files for bankruptcy" 5686: 4960: 4835: 4833: 4596:, control split between RCA, Odlum, and 3970:, 1994–2006 (Viacom purchased Paramount) 3946:, 1966–1989 (purchased by Gulf+Western) 3269:in 2000, and later NBC's parent company 7806:"Distributors Movie Breakdown for 2023" 7625:"MGM Is Exploring a Sale of Its Studio" 7591: 7439: 7408: 7251: 6708: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6467: 6007: 5774: 5560: 5554: 5476: 4917: 4915: 4848:. New York: Routledge. pp. 19–46. 4803: 4269:, 2018–2022 (Time Warner renamed after 4058:, 1967–1981 (purchased by Transamerica) 2959:Academy Award for Technical Achievement 1686:; revived in 2024 as a label under the 14: 13440:Film distributors of the United States 13422: 7653: 7622: 7604:from the original on December 22, 2021 7375: 7282: 7233:from the original on November 15, 2020 7201:from the original on December 12, 2017 7136:from the original on September 5, 2018 6624:from the original on December 12, 2019 6550: 6373: 6371: 6341: 6230:"Seagram buys PolyGram - May 21, 1998" 6202: 6167: 6165: 5981: 5699:from the original on November 17, 2018 5649: 5647: 5645: 5643: 5588: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5349:Holdsworth, Nick (December 27, 2006). 5344: 5342: 5315: 5263:from the original on November 28, 2020 5220: 5189: 5150: 4839: 4510:, 1997–2005 (repurchased by Kerkorian) 4411:(then Goldfish) and theatre producers 4154:, the distribution banner. (2019–2023) 4150:United Artists was revived in 2019 as 4116:, 1997–2005 (repurchased by Kerkorian) 4020: 2832:), Warner Bros. was able to acquire a 10838: 9226:Motion Picture Corporation of America 8108: 7911: 7697:from the original on January 25, 2022 7666:from the original on December 6, 2021 7635:from the original on December 6, 2021 7499: 7390:from the original on January 17, 2020 7357:from the original on January 19, 2020 7326:from the original on January 19, 2019 7188: 6611: 6344:"Artisan Home Entertainment ups exex" 6171: 6129: 6111:from the original on December 1, 2019 5963:from the original on 18 December 2019 5915: 5913: 5911: 5892:from the original on October 18, 2019 5848: 5682: 5680: 5619: 5452:SonyPicturesWorldwideAcquisitions.com 5379: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5202:from the original on 10 November 2014 5119: 5089:On Hollywood: The Place, the Industry 5082: 4830: 4658:20th Century Fox/20th Century Studios 4433:from Universal as head of production) 4340:, 1982–1987 (purchased by Coca-Cola; 3902: 3650:, that's became then a subsidiary of 3565: 3080:took over Paramount in 1966; and the 1771:, the film production company of CBS) 1761:, the film production company of ABC) 1700:in 1986, who sold the studio back to 7872: 7715: 7623:Shafer, Ellise (December 21, 2020). 7573:from the original on January 7, 2022 7529: 7344: 7313: 7264:from the original on August 13, 2019 6697: 6551:Cieply, Michael (January 11, 1989). 5919: 5477:Fleming, Mike Jr. (August 1, 2013). 5044: 4928:. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 299. 4912: 4300: 3335:(including fellow major film studio 3133:(1979), its first non-G rated film. 3088:company preceded a 1969 purchase by 2749:Universal Film Manufacturing Company 2685:(including most of the pre-May 1986 2255:in 2018; assets were transferred to 1599:Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions 13435:Film studios in Southern California 10597:Distributors Corporation of America 10482:American Film Manufacturing Company 8039:(New York: Arlington House/Crown). 7421:from the original on March 25, 2020 7376:Barnes, Brooks (January 17, 2020). 7167:from the original on March 19, 2019 7102:. December 14, 2019. Archived from 6669:"Theatre Owners Open War on Hays", 6612:White, Nicholas (October 4, 2019). 6529:from the original on March 31, 2019 6517:Shackleton, Liz (October 9, 2016). 6468:Maddaus, Gene (December 19, 2018). 6385:. September 1, 2009. Archived from 6368: 6162: 5640: 5495: 5428:from the original on 28 August 2020 5415: 5339: 4925:Film Studies: A Global Introduction 4812:. New York: Random House. pp. 4032:Independent, 1919–1967 (founded by 4004:; both companies are controlled by 3672:, 1990–1995 (Japanese conglomerate 2365:in 2016, which sold a 49% stake to 1425:Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures 556:Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures 202:, the major U.S. film studios have 24: 13197:List of American independent films 10826:List of American animation studios 7654:Sweney, Mark (December 22, 2020). 7594:"Amazon Pondering Deal to Buy MGM" 7493: 7463: 7345:Vary, Adam B. (January 17, 2020). 7295:from the original on April 6, 2020 6236:from the original on April 1, 2019 6150:from the original on June 24, 2021 5908: 5879: 5800: 5747: 5677: 5520: 5275: 5233:from the original on 11 April 2011 5190:Barnes, Brooks (9 November 2014). 4202:; was not incorporated until 1923) 3813:'s film and television subsidiary 3674:Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. 2904:to Hollywood and began expanding. 2411:; it was purchased in 1997 by MGM. 2337:– purchased by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 2313:in 2010; film library acquired by 1622:Sony Pictures Networks Productions 976:United International Pictures (JV) 476:Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group 25: 13456: 10724:Pacific International Enterprises 10587:De Laurentiis Entertainment Group 10314:Commonwealth United Entertainment 7716:Maas, Jennifer (March 17, 2022). 7592:Toonkel, Jessica (May 17, 2021). 7409:Fischer, Sarah (March 16, 2020). 7283:Weprin, Alex (December 4, 2019). 7252:Sherman, Alex (August 13, 2019). 6858:"Picturehouse, WIP to Close Shop" 6589:. Experience, Inc. Archived from 6480:from the original on 10 July 2019 6203:McNary, Dave (December 3, 2020). 5788:from the original on July 3, 2010 5687:Lazaroff, Leon (March 10, 2017). 5601:from the original on May 27, 2015 5561:Fleming, Mike Jr (26 July 2024). 5380:Rozen, Leah (November 14, 1999). 5171:from the original on 16 July 2022 4981:from the original on 16 July 2022 4942:from the original on 16 July 2022 4862:from the original on 5 April 2021 4766:List of film production companies 4372:, 2021–present (Sony reorganized) 3847:'s entertainment assets, forming 3825:a 20% share of the new company.) 3721:is renamed and reincorporated by 3544:Historical organizational lineage 3395:The studios were affected by the 3322:Universal was acquired by Comcast 3320:In January 2011, the majority of 1775:Commonwealth United Entertainment 1741: 13403: 13394: 13393: 10522:Boxoffice International Pictures 8542: 8092: 8080: 7905: 7847: 7822: 7798: 7765: 7740: 7709: 7678: 7530:Maas, Jennifer (April 8, 2022). 7314:Lang, Brent (January 12, 2019). 7189:Fritz, Ben (December 11, 2017). 6740: 6729:. January 3, 1939. pp. 1, 3 6660:Thomas and Solomon (1985), p. 12 6408:Delugach, Al (August 24, 1986). 5940:from the original on 2019-12-19. 5665:from the original on 9 July 2012 5491:from the original on 2014-06-12. 5361:from the original on May 9, 2019 5221:Barnes, Brooks (26 March 2011). 5120:Fritz, Ben (December 11, 2017). 4776:List of streaming media services 4746:Concentration of media ownership 4260:merged with Time Warner in 2001) 4212:; syndicate led by Jack Warner, 3273:in 2004 to become NBCUniversal. 2978:The majors during the Golden Age 2880:movie production house with the 2725:The majors before the Golden Age 2245:– became a major studio in 1984. 346: 326: 306: 286: 266: 72: 63: 52: 43: 34: 10864: 10739:Producers Releasing Corporation 10065:Selznick International Pictures 8655:American International Pictures 8138:in the United States and Canada 7685:Spangler, Todd (May 26, 2021). 7647: 7616: 7585: 7561:Spangler, Todd (May 17, 2021). 7554: 7523: 7512:from the original on 2021-05-17 7482:from the original on 2022-01-20 7452:from the original on 2022-05-31 7433: 7402: 7338: 7307: 7276: 7245: 7213: 7148: 7118: 7086: 7075:from the original on 2021-04-30 7041:from the original on 2013-12-17 7020: 7009:from the original on 2010-01-30 6994: 6983:from the original on 2013-01-04 6964: 6953:from the original on 2011-05-19 6934: 6923:from the original on 2010-01-30 6909: 6898:from the original on 2008-12-23 6879: 6868:from the original on 2009-08-03 6849: 6819: 6810: 6793: 6784: 6775: 6766: 6757: 6748: 6715: 6676: 6663: 6654: 6645: 6636: 6605: 6575: 6563:from the original on 2016-03-04 6544: 6510: 6492: 6461: 6450:from the original on 2018-09-21 6432: 6420:from the original on 2012-11-04 6401: 6354:from the original on 2019-07-10 6342:Carver, Benedict (1998-09-28). 6335: 6324:from the original on 2019-12-19 6304: 6293:from the original on 2019-04-25 6279: 6268:from the original on 2019-04-25 6248: 6222: 6196: 6172:Manis, Aimee (March 20, 2013). 6123: 6093: 6082:from the original on 2018-11-20 6068: 6036: 6025:from the original on 2016-04-29 5996:from the original on 2011-11-09 5975: 5944: 5873: 5842: 5830: 5819:from the original on 2019-08-08 5807:Lieberman, David (2016-05-02). 5760:from the original on 2017-10-25 5741: 5711: 5613: 5582: 5539:from the original on 2019-02-15 5470: 5458:from the original on 2013-12-30 5440: 5409: 5394:from the original on 2019-07-28 5328:from the original on 2019-04-04 5309: 5298:from the original on 2024-01-07 5245: 5214: 5183: 5065:from the original on 2022-07-16 5027:from the original on 2022-07-16 4901:from the original on 2021-03-08 4842:"New Hollywood, New Millennium" 4560:RKO Radio Pictures/RKO Pictures 4174: 3996:, and other cable channels—and 3861:held the remaining 20%, giving 3815:Vivendi Universal Entertainment 3329:announced to acquire key assets 3300: 3245:and Universal's parent company 3047:General Tire and Rubber Company 3018:The majors after the Golden Age 3002:engineered the creation of the 2888:. The combined studio acquired 2790:". Though their first film was 2357:from 1993 to 2010, was sold to 1877:American International Pictures 1134:Warner Bros. Pictures Animation 966:Paramount Digital Entertainment 578:at places outside Los Angeles. 10577:Compass International Pictures 10572:Cinerama Releasing Corporation 7912:Media, Skydance (2024-07-08). 6888:"Viacom Lays Off 850 Staffers" 5982:Easton, Nina J. (1990-07-19). 5849:Pride, Ray (August 20, 2012). 5659:Variety – Slanguage Dictionary 5316:Frater, Patrick (2015-09-20). 5113: 5038: 4874: 4797: 3698:acquired a majority of 80% of 3203: 3110: 3022: 2741:Motion Picture Patents Company 2444: 1991:Grindstone Entertainment Group 1780: 1755:Cinerama Releasing Corporation 1286:Disney Channel Original Movies 841:Paramount Pictures Corporation 13: 1: 10811:Weintraub Entertainment Group 10390:Empire International Pictures 10152:21st Century Film Corporation 9395:40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks 8786:Ubisoft Film & Television 8241:United International Pictures 8182:United International Pictures 8067:The Films of 20th Century-Fox 7979:, 1st ed. (New York: Crown). 7829:Spangler, Todd (2024-06-03). 7747:Spangler, Todd (2024-05-02). 7003:"Miramax Dies: Rest in Peace" 7001:Waxman, Sharon (2010-01-27). 6044:AL DELUGACH; KATHRYN HARRIS. 5051:. London: SAGE. p. 128. 4844:. In Buckland, Warren (ed.). 4791: 4218:First National Bank of Boston 3588:Standard Capital, 1936-1946 ( 3039:Buena Vista Film Distribution 2842:Warner Bros. Studio Leavesden 2573:Weintraub Entertainment Group 2287:PolyGram Filmed Entertainment 1977:Globalgate Entertainment (JV) 1335:Walt Disney Animation Studios 1324:Freeform Original Productions 939:CBS Eye Animation Productions 800:United International Pictures 10582:Crown International Pictures 10344:Paramount Famous Productions 10157:Atlantic Entertainment Group 8403:National Geographic Partners 8305:Flagship Entertainment Group 7960:Eames, John Douglas (1985). 7440:Sherman, Alex (2021-05-16). 6827:"Studio Market Share (2006)" 6772:Finler (2003), pp. 155, 366. 5880:Ng, David (April 26, 2018). 4804:Epstein, Edward Jay (2006). 4786:List of home video companies 4585:, bringing together FBO and 4256:AOL Time Warner, 2001–2003 ( 3881:, by purchasing shares from 2663:own their respective stakes. 2556: 2541: 2530: 2472:Semi-major film studio unit 2455: 2393:(then the parent company of 2167:Allied Artists International 2139: 2115: 2110: 2085: 2061: 2058: 2045: 1953: 1942: 1907: 1858: 1847: 1808:Mini-major film studio unit 1791: 1765:National General Corporation 1627: 1490: 1479: 1434: 1243: 1232: 1195: 1160:Flagship Entertainment Group 1129:Hanna-Barbera Studios Europe 1044: 1033: 984: 924:Nickelodeon Animation Studio 865: 860: 815: 806:Universal 1440 Entertainment 688: 683: 499:pictures (e.g., Universal's 7: 10699:Lubin Manufacturing Company 10461:Warner Independent Pictures 10319:Famous Players Film Company 10268:Independent Moving Pictures 9998:Wonderland Sound and Vision 9303:Sidney Kimmel Entertainment 8069:(Secaucus, N.J.: Citadel). 8054:(London: Faber and Faber). 6941:Ng, Philiana (2011-04-15). 6583:"Film & TV Finance 101" 6064:– via normanlear.com. 5725:. Bloomberg. Archived from 5620:Craig, Rob (5 March 2019). 5597:. Salisbury, Maryland. AP. 5589:Thomas, Bob (May 8, 1968). 4739: 4361:Sony Pictures Entertainment 4253:and Warner Communications) 3916:Famous Players Film Company 3549:The eight Golden Age majors 3221:Paramount's parent company 3151:, the establishment of the 3061:Around the World in 80 Days 2961:. Fox, in the forefront of 2878:Famous Players Film Company 2788:Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc. 2713:Sony Pictures Entertainment 2482:Other divisions and brands 2199:; purchased in 1997 by MGM. 1818:Other divisions and brands 1340:Disney Television Animation 761:Universal Animation Studios 647:Other divisions and brands 257: 10: 13461: 13088:Classical Hollywood cinema 12277:Commedia sexy all'italiana 11185:Exploitation film template 11129:Commedia sexy all'italiana 10426:Lorimar Film Entertainment 10227:Samuel Goldwyn Productions 10212:Metro Pictures Corporation 10172:Dimension Pictures (1970s) 10075:Twentieth Century Pictures 9941:The Hideaway Entertainment 9221:Morgan Creek Entertainment 9062:Chicken & Egg Pictures 8020:Hirschhorn, Clive (1999). 8005:Hirschhorn, Clive (1983). 7934: 7500:Hayes, Dade (2021-05-17). 6781:Finler (2003), pp. 324–25. 6763:Hirschhorn (1983), p. 157. 6712:Finler (2003), pp. 364–67. 6383:Film Journal International 5257:Motion Picture Association 4761:Motion Picture Association 4661: 4624:Wesray Capital Corporation 4563: 4525:Providence Equity Partners 4494:, 1990–1992 (purchased by 4468:Turner Broadcasting System 4382: 4304: 4178: 4131:Providence Equity Partners 4100:, 1990–1992 (purchased by 4074:Turner Broadcasting System 4024: 3906: 3620:Universal Pictures Company 3596:through Standard Capital.) 3569: 2987: 2981: 2728: 2719: 2605:Turner Broadcasting System 2494:US/CA market share (2023) 2401:The Samuel Goldwyn Company 2154:Past mini-majors include: 1830:US/CA market share (2023) 1759:ABC Pictures International 1392:Walt Disney Pictures India 1022:Warner Bros. Entertainment 756:Illumination Studios Paris 597: 583:Motion Picture Association 278:Universal City, California 248:Motion Picture Association 13389: 12992: 12910: 12655:German underground horror 12610:Documentary Film Movement 12518:American eccentric cinema 12503: 11749: 10875: 10823: 10769:Section Eight Productions 10652:Global Road Entertainment 10469: 10436:National General Pictures 10408: 10372: 10291: 10273:Interscope Communications 10245: 10232:Trans World Entertainment 10144: 10088: 10017: 10010: 9766:Montecito Picture Company 9465:Bedford Falls Productions 9450:Bad Hat Harry Productions 9313:Dark Castle Entertainment 9002:Artemis Rising Foundation 8972:Allied Artists Film Group 8950: 8939: 8926:Village Roadshow Pictures 8794: 8722: 8700: 8672: 8623: 8541: 8435: 8339: 8285:Castle Rock Entertainment 8260: 8231:MTV Entertainment Studios 8195: 8143: 8099:Film production companies 6971:Borys, Kit (2009-01-04). 6651:Hirschhorn (1983), p. 11. 5748:Agency, RED Interactive. 5154:Paramount: City of Dreams 4961:Kerrigan, Finola (2010). 4771:List of animation studios 4486:MGM/UA Communications Co. 4397:, George Grombacker, and 4379:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) 4160:, 2022–2023; 2024–present 4092:MGM/UA Communications Co. 4048:; operational control by 2857:and the recent ones like 2780:first Warner Bros. Studio 2693:film library) in 1996 by 2675:Castle Rock Entertainment 2601:Castle Rock Entertainment 2566: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2471: 2462: 2341:Global Road Entertainment 2149: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1807: 1798: 1512: 1355:20th Television Animation 1172:Castle Rock Entertainment 979:Paramount Digital Studios 892:MTV Entertainment Studios 792: 767: 704: 646: 632: 592: 368:Hollywood's "Golden Age." 10789:This Is That Productions 10237:United Artists Releasing 10197:Hemdale Film Corporation 9886:Shangri-La Entertainment 9811:Outerbanks Entertainment 9741:Lightstorm Entertainment 9721:Kennedy/Marshall Company 9047:Brillstein Entertainment 8851:FilmNation Entertainment 8746:Dark Horse Entertainment 8741:Condé Nast Entertainment 8050:Schatz, Thomas (1998 ). 7990:Finler, Joel W. (2003). 7975:Finler, Joel W. (1988). 6642:Hirschhorn (1983), p. 9. 5626:. McFarland. p. 7. 5532:. Blackwell Publishing. 4781:Lists of films by studio 4682:, 1933–1935 (founded by 4672:, 1915–1935 (founded by 4492:MGM-Pathe Communications 4462:MGM/UA Entertainment Co. 4425:, 1922–1924 (founded by 4407:, 1916–1924 (founded by 4393:, 1915–1924 (founded by 4152:United Artists Releasing 4098:MGM-Pathe Communications 4068:MGM/UA Entertainment Co. 3950:Paramount Communications 3918:, 1912–1916 (founded by 3577:Independent, 1906–1936 ( 3525:Apollo Global Management 3341:Fox Searchlight Pictures 3082:Transamerica Corporation 2994:Between late 1928, when 2806:era as they established 2793:My Four Years in Germany 2683:Turner Entertainment Co. 2493: 1829: 1684:United Artists Releasing 1645:Great American Pure Flix 1565:Sony Pictures Imageworks 1370:Marvel Studios Animation 1177:Turner Entertainment Co. 148: 136: 124: 112: 100: 13445:Anti-corporate activism 12590:Cinema of Transgression 11724:Cinema of Transgression 10657:Grand National Pictures 10632:Fireworks Entertainment 10547:Castle Hill Productions 10456:Warner Bros.-Seven Arts 10421:First National Pictures 10395:First Independent Films 10207:Louis B. Mayer Pictures 9871:Roth/Kirschenbaum Films 9816:Overbrook Entertainment 9746:LuckyChap Entertainment 9706:Jerry Bruckheimer Films 9575:Evolution Entertainment 9545:Di Bonaventura Pictures 9176:Lakeshore Entertainment 8519:Sony Pictures Kids Zone 8465:PlayStation Productions 8455:Sony Pictures Releasing 7945:Cook, David A. (2000). 7918:GlobeNewswire News Room 7195:The Wall Street Journal 7130:The Walt Disney Company 7099:The Walt Disney Company 6803:San Francisco Chronicle 5920:Cook, David A. (2000). 5151:Bingen, Steven (2016). 5126:The Wall Street Journal 5010:Movie History: A Survey 4840:Schatz, Thomas (2009). 4729:$ 71.3 billion purchase 4725:The Walt Disney Company 4608:General Tire and Rubber 4423:Louis B. Mayer Pictures 4344:, a joint venture with 4224:Warner Bros.–Seven Arts 4210:First National Pictures 3944:Gulf+Western Industries 3892:Comcast, 2013–present ( 3715:Universal Studios, Inc. 3634:Universal-International 3616:Universal-International 3600:Universal-International 3509:Anchorage Capital Group 3386:on February 14, and on 2921:Walt Disney Productions 2762:In 1918, four brothers— 2669:– purchased along with 2645:The Walt Disney Company 2603:– purchased in 1993 by 2438:Pixar Animation Studios 2403:– purchased in 1996 by 2355:The Walt Disney Company 2317:via its acquisition of 2239:The Walt Disney Company 2163:Allied Artists Pictures 1732:The Walt Disney Company 1656: 1594:Sony Pictures Releasing 1560:Sony Pictures Animation 1345:Pixar Animation Studios 1227:The Walt Disney Company 1124:Cartoon Network Studios 614:Major film studio unit 560:Sony Pictures Releasing 420:Walt Disney Productions 418:During the Golden Age, 358:Culver City, California 12810:The Prague film school 12675:Hollywood on the Tiber 10704:Madison 23 Productions 10679:Jensen Farley Pictures 10627:Dramatic Feature Films 10487:Art Star Scene Studios 10451:Seven Arts Productions 10364:United States Pictures 10222:Samuel Goldwyn Company 9961:Valhalla Entertainment 9475:Blinding Edge Pictures 9410:A Very Good Production 9139:MarVista Entertainment 9027:Blue Fox Entertainment 8776:Scholastic Corporation 8487:Worldwide Acquisitions 8475:Sony Pictures Classics 7289:The Hollywood Reporter 6673:, May 12, 1925, p. 14. 6444:The Hollywood Reporter 5723:Bloomberg Businessweek 5422:The Hollywood Reporter 5355:The Hollywood Reporter 4454:in 1967; purchased by 4439:, 1924–1959 (in 1924, 4370:Sony Group Corporation 4290:Warner Bros. Discovery 4228:Seven Arts Productions 4002:CBS Television Studios 3885:, while GE bought out 3612:International Pictures 3490:Warner Bros. Discovery 3309:construction firm and 3278:Sony Pictures Classics 3233:. The following year, 3029:federal antitrust case 2882:Jesse L. Lasky Company 2814:s success (along with 2699:Warner Bros. Discovery 2635:; then owners of both 2613:Warner Bros. Discovery 2508:Reliance Entertainment 2261:Warner Bros. Discovery 2177:Warner Bros. Discovery 1708:in 2010; now owned by 1506:Sony Pictures Classics 1474:Sony Group Corporation 1350:20th Century Animation 1270:Hulu Documentary Films 1114:Warner Bros. Animation 1103:Cartoon Network Movies 1028:Warner Bros. Discovery 730:Big Idea Entertainment 493:Warner Bros. Discovery 200:the dawn of filmmaking 12665:Grupo Cine Liberación 12605:Czechoslovak New Wave 12600:Commedia all'italiana 10947:Commedia all'italiana 10764:Scotti Bros. Pictures 10567:Cinemation Industries 10562:Christie Film Company 10557:Champion Film Company 10359:Sunn Classic Pictures 10101:Artisan Entertainment 9966:Vertigo Entertainment 9736:Kingdom Story Company 9726:Ketchup Entertainment 9505:Chernin Entertainment 9390:21 Laps Entertainment 9107:Entertainment Studios 9082:Dolphin Entertainment 9032:Blumhouse Productions 9007:BayView Entertainment 8901:New Republic Pictures 8886:Lantern Entertainment 8270:Warner Bros. Pictures 6816:Finler (1988), p. 35. 6754:Finler (2003), p. 40. 5989:The Los Angeles Times 5661:. Reed Elsevier Inc. 4680:20th Century Pictures 4662:Further information: 4564:Further information: 4478:MGM Entertainment Co. 4470:, 1986 (purchased by 4383:Further information: 4338:The Coca-Cola Company 4305:Further information: 4242:Warner Communications 4179:Further information: 4084:MGM Entertainment Co. 4076:, 1986 (purchased by 4025:Further information: 3907:Further information: 3801:, with the merger of 3570:Further information: 3424:A Quiet Place Part II 3317:private equity firm. 3235:Warner Communications 2988:Further information: 2838:signature water tower 2301:Artisan Entertainment 2253:Lantern Entertainment 2249:The Weinstein Company 2205:, 1967 – acquired by 2187:Chapter 11 bankruptcy 2005:Lionsgate India (10%) 1060:HBO Documentary Films 1035:Warner Bros. Pictures 518:, the aforementioned 354:Sony Pictures Studios 216:first-mover advantage 13192:Guerrilla filmmaking 12855:Kitchen sink realism 12740:New French Extremity 12650:German Expressionist 12558:Kitchen sink realism 12423:Contemporary Western 12203:Environmental issues 11734:New French Extremity 11692:New French Extremity 11517:Softcore pornography 11512:Hardcore pornography 11379:New French Extremity 10779:Strike Entertainment 10749:Red Granite Pictures 10744:RatPac Entertainment 10719:OddLot Entertainment 10709:Manson International 10617:Educational Pictures 10552:Centaur Film Company 10441:Nelson Entertainment 10354:Rysher Entertainment 10324:Famous Players–Lasky 10309:Comedy Central Films 10299:CBS Theatrical Films 9836:Plan B Entertainment 9629:Ghost House Pictures 9560:Double R Productions 9525:Crystal Sky Pictures 9520:Cross Creek Pictures 9510:Cheyenne Enterprises 9293:Samuel Goldwyn Films 9057:Brookstreet Pictures 9017:Berlanti Productions 8751:Hasbro Entertainment 8610:Spyglass Media Group 8604:3 Arts Entertainment 8587:Roadside Attractions 8570:Summit Entertainment 8387:Searchlight Pictures 8354:20th Century Studios 8349:Walt Disney Pictures 8316:Spyglass Media Group 8101:at Wikimedia Commons 8089:at Wikimedia Commons 6790:Cook (2000), p. 319. 6320:. October 22, 1998. 6184:on September 2, 2014 5784:. Funding Universe. 5132:on December 12, 2017 5045:Flew, Terry (2012). 4735:by January 17, 2020) 4733:20th Century Studios 4664:20th Century Studios 4598:Rockefeller brothers 4508:Tracinda Corporation 4114:Tracinda Corporation 3931:Famous Players–Lasky 3696:Seagram Company Ltd. 3482:Reverse Morris Trust 3389:The Call of the Wild 3374:Searchlight Pictures 3370:20th Century Studios 3149:Walt Disney Pictures 2969:near the end of the 2902:Fort Lee, New Jersey 2898:Fox Film Corporation 2886:Famous Players–Lasky 2532:Amblin Entertainment 2432:Marvel Entertainment 2381:Chapter 7 bankruptcy 2325:Summit Entertainment 2257:Spyglass Media Group 2225:DreamWorks Animation 2103:The Najafi Companies 2034:Elevation Sales (JV) 2021:Spyglass Media Group 2015:Roadside Attractions 1967:3 Arts Entertainment 1949:Summit Entertainment 1735:acquired Fox's owner 1408:Marvel Entertainment 1275:Searchlight Pictures 1239:20th Century Studios 1234:Walt Disney Pictures 1070:Spyglass Media Group 741:DreamWorks Animation 666:market share (2023) 564:Searchlight Pictures 469:in the same building 240:discretionary income 12928:Children and family 12902:Yugoslav Black Wave 12775:Nuevo Cine Mexicano 12660:Nigerian Golden Age 12625:European art cinema 12528:Australian New Wave 10689:Largo Entertainment 10647:Geffen Film Company 10517:Bluebird Photoplays 10304:Cinema Center Films 10080:UTV Motion Pictures 10070:Touchstone Pictures 9956:Tyler Perry Studios 9926:Tango Entertainment 9896:Smokehouse Pictures 9851:Point Grey Pictures 9540:Davis Entertainment 9535:Darko Entertainment 9430:Alcon Entertainment 9256:Quiver Distribution 9151:Gunpowder & Sky 9112:Freestyle Releasing 8814:Black Bear Pictures 8809:Atlas Entertainment 8766:Random House Studio 8633:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 8480:TriStar Productions 8381:Regency Enterprises 8359:20th Century Family 8341:Walt Disney Studios 8177:Working Title Films 8007:The Universal Story 7992:The Hollywood Story 7977:The Hollywood Story 7964:(New York: Crown). 7962:The Paramount Story 7068:Walt Disney Studios 6078:. August 22, 2016. 5292:www.the-numbers.com 4814:14–19, 82, 109, 133 4587:Keith-Albee-Orpheum 4385:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 4021:United Artists (UA) 4006:National Amusements 3958:National Amusements 3799:NBC Universal, Inc. 3771:Seagram Company Ltd 3707:Matsushita Electric 3670:Matsushita Electric 3610:and merged it with 3556:Walt Disney Studios 3534:National Amusements 3280:and the success of 3198:The Hollywood Story 3153:Touchstone Pictures 2934:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 2649:Touchstone Pictures 2629:DreamWorks Pictures 2537:DreamWorks Pictures 2243:Walt Disney Studios 1849:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 1769:Cinema Center Films 1728:Walt Disney Studios 1694:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 1618:Sony Pictures India 1610:TriStar Productions 1589:Sony Pictures Japan 1397:Regency Enterprises 1381:20th Century Family 1360:Lucasfilm Animation 1221:Walt Disney Studios 1145:Alloy Entertainment 934:Paramount Animation 746:DreamWorks Classics 719:Working Title Films 548:Touchstone Pictures 520:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 465:Disney's studio lot 432:Disney acquired Fox 395:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 338:Burbank, California 334:Walt Disney Studios 318:Burbank, California 232:Walt Disney Studios 192:media conglomerates 142:Walt Disney Studios 13430:Major film studios 13226:Major film studios 12820:Pure Film Movement 12800:Polish Film School 12700:Italian neorealist 12680:Hong Kong New Wave 12282:Mexican sex comedy 11339:German underground 10759:Schneider's Bakery 10642:Franchise Pictures 10637:First Look Studios 10527:Bryanston Pictures 10512:Bison Film Company 10502:Aurora Productions 10416:Fine Line Features 10060:New World Pictures 10055:Hollywood Pictures 9946:Thunder Road Films 9278:Revolution Studios 9171:Jim Henson Company 9102:Emmett/Furla Oasis 9097:Elevation Pictures 8987:Annapurna Pictures 8955:2929 Entertainment 8891:Legendary Pictures 8660:Lightworkers Media 8625:Amazon MGM Studios 8565:Lionsgate Premiere 8524:Left Bank Pictures 8236:Nickelodeon Movies 8197:Paramount Pictures 8162:Universal Pictures 8024:(London: Hamlyn). 8022:The Columbia Story 7885:The New York Times 7778:The New York Times 7383:The New York Times 7161:Deadline Hollywood 7034:The New York Times 6977:Hollywood Reporter 6947:Hollywood Reporter 6671:The New York Times 6504:Deadline Hollywood 6389:on 24 October 2014 6178:Studio System News 6107:. March 20, 2018. 5957:Deadline Hollywood 5568:Deadline Hollywood 5484:Deadline Hollywood 5387:The New York Times 5227:The New York Times 5196:The New York Times 4751:Media conglomerate 4553:Amazon MGM Studios 4496:Giancarlo Parretti 4452:Edgar Bronfman Sr. 4395:Richard A. Rowland 4168:Amazon MGM Studios 4102:Giancarlo Parretti 3909:Paramount Pictures 3903:Paramount Pictures 3765:media empire with 3737:Universal Pictures 3703:Universal Pictures 3686:Universal Pictures 3618:, a subsidiary of 3608:Universal Pictures 3583:Universal Pictures 3572:Universal Pictures 3566:Universal Pictures 3518:Amazon Prime Video 3451:and Warner Bros.' 3427:and even Disney's 3229:in 1989, creating 2890:Paramount Pictures 2834:much larger studio 2817:Lights of New York 2709:Revolution Studios 2637:Paramount Pictures 2607:; TBS merged with 2589:Paramount Pictures 2523:Universal Pictures 2450:Semi-major studios 2387:New World Pictures 2371:Paramount Pictures 2295:Universal Pictures 2219:ELP Communications 1995:Lionsgate Premiere 1909:Amazon Prime Video 1872:Lightworkers Media 1836:Amazon MGM Studios 1786:Mini-major studios 1748:television network 1714:Amazon Prime Video 1688:Amazon MGM Studios 1680:Annapurna Pictures 1633:Sony Movie Channel 1629:Sony Pictures Core 1584:Left Bank Pictures 1319:The Muppets Studio 1259:A&E IndieFilms 1182:Warner Bros. Japan 903:Nickelodeon Movies 862:Paramount Pictures 786:NBCUniversal Japan 735:Bullwinkle Studios 714:High Top Releasing 685:Universal Pictures 572:runaway production 405:Universal Pictures 383:Paramount Pictures 294:Paramount Pictures 244:economies of scale 224:Paramount Pictures 220:Universal Pictures 164:Major film studios 118:Paramount Pictures 106:Universal Pictures 13417: 13416: 13356:Socialist realist 13068:Behind-the-scenes 12845:Socialist realist 12840:Spaghetti Western 12830:Romanian New Wave 12705:Japanese New Wave 12371:Sword and sorcery 12287:Nazi exploitation 11869:Mumbai underworld 11625:Planetary romance 10832: 10831: 10819: 10818: 10799:Weinstein Company 10662:Hal Roach Studios 10431:Monogram Pictures 10349:Paramount Vantage 10263:Gramercy Pictures 10121:Momentum Pictures 10035:Fox 2000 Pictures 10006: 10005: 9976:SModcast Pictures 9856:Protozoa Pictures 9806:Our Stories Films 9711:Judgemental Films 9701:Intrepid Pictures 9691:Indian Paintbrush 9587:Excellent Cadaver 9500:Cha Cha Cha Films 9335:Sycamore Pictures 9201:Mandalay Pictures 9134:Fox Entertainment 8992:Anonymous Content 8977:American Zoetrope 8960:Magnolia Pictures 8921:TSG Entertainment 8819:Black Label Media 8718: 8717: 8702:STX Entertainment 8696: 8695: 8668: 8667: 8619: 8618: 8552:Lionsgate Studios 8537: 8536: 8502:Destination Films 8445:Columbia Pictures 8431: 8430: 8335: 8334: 8300:Discovery Channel 8256: 8255: 8221:Awesomeness Films 8210:Republic Pictures 8205:Paramount Players 8191: 8190: 8154:Universal Studios 8097:Media related to 8085:Media related to 8009:(London: Crown). 7728:on March 17, 2022 7229:. June 15, 2018. 7132:. July 27, 2018. 6831:BoxOfficeMojo.com 6557:Los Angeles Times 6414:Los Angeles Times 6261:Independent.co.uk 6050:Los Angeles Times 6017:New Straits Times 5886:Los Angeles Times 5861:on 16 August 2016 5754:www.lionsgate.com 5729:on 1 January 2015 5633:978-1-4766-6631-0 5530:The Studio System 4342:Tri-Star Pictures 4307:Columbia Pictures 4301:Columbia Pictures 4038:Douglas Fairbanks 3837:Universal Studios 3811:Vivendi Universal 3775:Universal Studios 3759:Vivendi Universal 3753:Universal Studios 3749:Edgar Bronfman Jr 3660:Universal Studios 3466:Wonder Woman 1984 3448:Trolls World Tour 3442:The Invisible Man 3397:COVID-19 pandemic 3169:Coca-Cola Company 3165:Tri-Star Pictures 2936:, Paramount, and 2657:Universal Studios 2581:Columbia Pictures 2564: 2563: 2547:October 12, 1994 2513:Lionsgate Studios 2475:Secondary studio 2383:on June 30, 2016. 2361:in 2010, then to 2359:Filmyard Holdings 2271:Republic Pictures 2235:division in 2016. 2215:Dino DeLaurentiis 2159:Monogram Pictures 2147: 2146: 2130:STX International 2095:STX Entertainment 2070:A24 International 1931:Lionsgate Studios 1811:Secondary studio 1767:(distributor for 1654: 1653: 1579:Destination Films 1481:Columbia Pictures 1459:(minority stake) 1212:(minority stake) 955:Awesomeness Films 913:Republic Pictures 908:Paramount Players 681: 617:Secondary studio 532:STX Entertainment 516:Lionsgate Studios 456:, and Sony is in 413:Columbia Pictures 274:Universal Studios 16:(Redirected from 13452: 13407: 13397: 13396: 13376:Vulgar auteurism 13204:Interstitial art 13182:Hyperlink cinema 12897:Vulgar auteurism 12892:Toronto New Wave 12882:Telefoni Bianchi 12877:Sword-and-sandal 12695:Italian futurist 12690:Iranian New Wave 12553:British New Wave 12366:Sword-and-sandal 12247:Rape and revenge 12188:Mouth of Garbage 12034:Tentacle erotica 11982:Goona-goona epic 11962:Extraterrestrial 11849:Heroic bloodshed 11483:Occult detective 11314:Christmas horror 11166:Sword-and-sandal 10898:Hong Kong action 10893:Heroic bloodshed 10859: 10852: 10845: 10836: 10835: 10774:Seed Productions 10754:Regent Releasing 10734:PM Entertainment 10694:Lippert Pictures 10607:Eagle-Lion Films 10542:Carolco Pictures 10507:Biograph Company 10385:Embassy Pictures 10329:Go Fish Pictures 10278:Propaganda Films 10192:Goldwyn Pictures 10177:Epic Productions 10136:Vestron Pictures 10131:Trimark Pictures 10111:Mandate Pictures 10096:Anchor Bay Films 10030:Cinergi Pictures 10025:Caravan Pictures 10015: 10014: 9826:Phoenix Pictures 9580:Twisted Pictures 9555:Donners' Company 9460:Bazelevs Company 9420:After Dark Films 9330:Strand Releasing 9325:Solstice Studios 9266:Relativity Media 9216:Millennium Media 9206:Mandeville Films 9196:Louverture Films 9181:LD Entertainment 9161:Indican Pictures 9087:Drafthouse Films 9042:Brainstorm Media 8948: 8947: 8931:Voltage Pictures 8698: 8697: 8670: 8669: 8621: 8620: 8575:Lionsgate Canada 8548: 8547: 8529:Silvergate Media 8450:TriStar Pictures 8433: 8432: 8409:A&E Networks 8337: 8336: 8258: 8257: 8247:Viacom18 Studios 8193: 8192: 8150: 8149: 8129: 8122: 8115: 8106: 8105: 8096: 8084: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7925: 7909: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7899: 7876: 7870: 7869: 7867: 7866: 7851: 7845: 7844: 7842: 7841: 7826: 7820: 7819: 7817: 7816: 7802: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7792: 7769: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7759: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7724:. Archived from 7713: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7702: 7682: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7651: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7620: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7589: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7578: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7542:on April 8, 2022 7538:. Archived from 7527: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7517: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7487: 7467: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7457: 7437: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7426: 7406: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7395: 7373: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7342: 7336: 7335: 7333: 7331: 7311: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7300: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7217: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7206: 7186: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7152: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7122: 7116: 7115: 7113: 7111: 7106:on July 31, 2018 7090: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7080: 7063:"Our Businesses" 7059: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7046: 7024: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7014: 6998: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6988: 6968: 6962: 6961: 6959: 6958: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6883: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6873: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6842: 6833:. Archived from 6823: 6817: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6797: 6791: 6788: 6782: 6779: 6773: 6770: 6764: 6761: 6755: 6752: 6746: 6745: 6744: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6719: 6713: 6710: 6695: 6680: 6674: 6667: 6661: 6658: 6652: 6649: 6643: 6640: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6579: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6568: 6548: 6542: 6541: 6536: 6534: 6514: 6508: 6507: 6496: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6465: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6455: 6436: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6405: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6375: 6366: 6365: 6360: 6359: 6339: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6329: 6308: 6302: 6301: 6299: 6298: 6283: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6273: 6252: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6200: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6180:. Archived from 6169: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6127: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6097: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6087: 6072: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6052:. Archived from 6040: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6030: 6019:, 6 Dec1981 p 8" 6011: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6001: 5979: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5948: 5942: 5941: 5917: 5906: 5905: 5899: 5897: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5857:. Archived from 5846: 5840: 5834: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5824: 5804: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5778: 5772: 5771: 5766: 5765: 5745: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5684: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5651: 5638: 5637: 5617: 5611: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5586: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5558: 5552: 5551: 5545: 5544: 5538: 5527: 5518: 5493: 5492: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5401: 5399: 5377: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5346: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5333: 5313: 5307: 5306: 5304: 5303: 5284: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5218: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5128:. Archived from 5117: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5032: 5004: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4919: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4906: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4837: 4828: 4827: 4811: 4801: 4719:21st Century Fox 4713:News Corporation 4707:News Corporation 4688:Darryl F. Zanuck 4628:William E. Simon 4417:Archibald Selwyn 4405:Goldwyn Pictures 4012:Paramount Global 4000:—which includes 3875:General Electric 3835:acquired 80% of 3829:General Electric 3803:General Electric 3791:General Electric 3783:, 2004–present ( 3662:and merged with 3604:Lewis Rosenstiel 3594:Lewis Rosenstiel 3560:animation studio 3401:box office flops 3337:20th Century Fox 3333:21st Century Fox 3295:Relativity Media 3271:General Electric 3218:News Corporation 3210:20th Century Fox 3189:News Corporation 2971:Roaring Twenties 2926:Steamboat Willie 2866:Ready Player One 2823:The Singing Fool 2812:The Jazz Singer' 2784:Sunset Boulevard 2595:TriStar Pictures 2585:Paramount Global 2544: 2518:Alibaba Pictures 2460: 2459: 2395:20th Century Fox 2391:News Corporation 2367:Paramount Global 2363:beIN Media Group 2335:The Cannon Group 2321:in December 2016 2311:Relativity Media 2293:and folded into 2183:Relativity Media 2118: 2064: 2040:(minority stake) 1973:Lionsgate Canada 1956: 1940: 1861: 1845: 1796: 1795: 1757:(partnered with 1724:20th Century Fox 1543:Crunchyroll, LLC 1498: 1493: 1492:January 10, 1924 1486:TriStar Pictures 1477: 1365:Marvel Animation 1297:NatGeo Doc Films 1251: 1246: 1245:October 16, 1923 1230: 1190: 1150:DC Entertainment 1072:(minority stake) 1052: 1047: 1031: 1008:(minority stake) 868: 858: 850: 847:Paramount Global 825:Fandango at Home 774:(minority stake) 691: 675: 602: 601: 576:shot on location 566:and Universal's 544:Paramount Global 489:Paramount Global 399:20th Century Fox 350: 330: 310: 290: 270: 188:Big Five studios 150: 138: 126: 114: 102: 76: 67: 56: 47: 38: 21: 13460: 13459: 13455: 13454: 13453: 13451: 13450: 13449: 13420: 13419: 13418: 13413: 13385: 13326:Semidocumentary 13251:Minimalist film 13241:Message picture 13236:Maximalist film 13130:Database cinema 13113:Computer screen 13073:Black-and-white 12998: 12996: 12994: 12988: 12906: 12862:Soviet parallel 12785:Parallel cinema 12780:Pan-Indian film 12710:Kammerspielfilm 12645:French New Wave 12565:Budapest school 12548:Brighton School 12523:New Objectivity 12505: 12499: 12468:Science fiction 12100:Bruceploitation 12009:Girls with guns 11955:Turksploitation 11829:Gentleman thief 11745: 11580:Science fiction 11426:Minimalist film 11421:Maximalist film 11399:Science fiction 11359:Japanese horror 11156:Social guidance 10871: 10863: 10833: 10828: 10815: 10804:Dimension Films 10794:Virtual Studios 10714:Newmarket Films 10622:Essanay Studios 10592:DEJ Productions 10497:Aviron Pictures 10465: 10404: 10368: 10339:Mascot Pictures 10287: 10241: 10217:Mirisch Company 10202:Island Pictures 10140: 10084: 10002: 9911:Story Syndicate 9831:Picture Company 9696:Infinitum Nihil 9360:Virgin Produced 9308:Silver Pictures 9241:Open Road Films 9231:Myriad Pictures 9166:Impact Partners 9022:Bleecker Street 9012:Beacon Pictures 8943: 8941: 8935: 8876:Ingenious Media 8796: 8790: 8728: 8726: 8724: 8714: 8692: 8664: 8615: 8593:Pantelion Films 8560:Lionsgate Films 8533: 8427: 8331: 8327:Williams Street 8280:Cartoon Network 8275:New Line Cinema 8252: 8187: 8139: 8133: 7937: 7932: 7923: 7921: 7920:(Press release) 7910: 7906: 7897: 7895: 7877: 7873: 7864: 7862: 7853: 7852: 7848: 7839: 7837: 7827: 7823: 7814: 7812: 7804: 7803: 7799: 7790: 7788: 7770: 7766: 7757: 7755: 7745: 7741: 7731: 7729: 7714: 7710: 7700: 7698: 7683: 7679: 7669: 7667: 7652: 7648: 7638: 7636: 7621: 7617: 7607: 7605: 7598:The Information 7590: 7586: 7576: 7574: 7559: 7555: 7545: 7543: 7528: 7524: 7515: 7513: 7498: 7494: 7485: 7483: 7468: 7464: 7455: 7453: 7438: 7434: 7424: 7422: 7407: 7403: 7393: 7391: 7374: 7370: 7360: 7358: 7343: 7339: 7329: 7327: 7312: 7308: 7298: 7296: 7281: 7277: 7267: 7265: 7250: 7246: 7236: 7234: 7219: 7218: 7214: 7204: 7202: 7187: 7180: 7170: 7168: 7153: 7149: 7139: 7137: 7124: 7123: 7119: 7109: 7107: 7092: 7091: 7087: 7078: 7076: 7061: 7060: 7053: 7044: 7042: 7025: 7021: 7012: 7010: 6999: 6995: 6986: 6984: 6969: 6965: 6956: 6954: 6939: 6935: 6926: 6924: 6915: 6914: 6910: 6901: 6899: 6884: 6880: 6871: 6869: 6854: 6850: 6840: 6838: 6825: 6824: 6820: 6815: 6811: 6798: 6794: 6789: 6785: 6780: 6776: 6771: 6767: 6762: 6758: 6753: 6749: 6739: 6732: 6730: 6721: 6720: 6716: 6711: 6698: 6683:November 1929. 6681: 6677: 6668: 6664: 6659: 6655: 6650: 6646: 6641: 6637: 6627: 6625: 6610: 6606: 6596: 6594: 6581: 6580: 6576: 6566: 6564: 6549: 6545: 6532: 6530: 6515: 6511: 6498: 6497: 6493: 6483: 6481: 6466: 6462: 6453: 6451: 6438: 6437: 6433: 6423: 6421: 6406: 6402: 6392: 6390: 6377: 6376: 6369: 6357: 6355: 6340: 6336: 6327: 6325: 6310: 6309: 6305: 6296: 6294: 6285: 6284: 6280: 6271: 6269: 6264:. 21 May 1998. 6254: 6253: 6249: 6239: 6237: 6228: 6227: 6223: 6213: 6211: 6201: 6197: 6187: 6185: 6170: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6144: 6128: 6124: 6114: 6112: 6099: 6098: 6094: 6085: 6083: 6074: 6073: 6069: 6059: 6057: 6041: 6037: 6028: 6026: 6013: 6012: 6008: 5999: 5997: 5980: 5976: 5966: 5964: 5949: 5945: 5934: 5918: 5909: 5895: 5893: 5878: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5855:Movie City News 5847: 5843: 5835: 5831: 5822: 5820: 5805: 5801: 5791: 5789: 5780: 5779: 5775: 5763: 5761: 5746: 5742: 5732: 5730: 5717: 5716: 5712: 5702: 5700: 5685: 5678: 5668: 5666: 5653: 5652: 5641: 5634: 5618: 5614: 5604: 5602: 5595:The Daily Times 5587: 5583: 5573: 5571: 5559: 5555: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5525: 5519: 5496: 5475: 5471: 5461: 5459: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5431: 5429: 5414: 5410: 5397: 5395: 5378: 5374: 5364: 5362: 5347: 5340: 5331: 5329: 5314: 5310: 5301: 5299: 5286: 5285: 5276: 5266: 5264: 5251: 5250: 5246: 5236: 5234: 5219: 5215: 5205: 5203: 5188: 5184: 5174: 5172: 5165: 5149: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5118: 5114: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5084:Scott, Allen J. 5081: 5077: 5068: 5066: 5059: 5043: 5039: 5030: 5028: 5021: 5005: 4994: 4984: 4982: 4975: 4959: 4955: 4945: 4943: 4936: 4920: 4913: 4904: 4902: 4895: 4879: 4875: 4865: 4863: 4856: 4838: 4831: 4824: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4742: 4666: 4660: 4571:Independent as 4568: 4562: 4502:Crédit Lyonnais 4431:Irving Thalberg 4429:; brought over 4387: 4381: 4309: 4303: 4294:Discovery, Inc. 4214:Serge Semenenko 4183: 4177: 4108:Crédit Lyonnais 4034:Charles Chaplin 4029: 4023: 3998:CBS Corporation 3962:CBS Corporation 3929:Independent as 3924:W. W. Hodkinson 3914:Independent as 3911: 3905: 3632:records bought 3574: 3568: 3551: 3546: 3474:Discovery, Inc. 3421:or Paramount's 3403:(like Disney's 3378:Fox Corporation 3303: 3255:New Line Cinema 3206: 3118:James T. Aubrey 3113: 3094:Stephen J. Ross 3090:Kinney National 3056:Robert Benjamin 3025: 3020: 2992: 2986: 2980: 2967:The Jazz Singer 2955:The Jazz Singer 2946:The Jazz Singer 2854:The Dark Knight 2799:The Jazz Singer 2733: 2727: 2722: 2679:New Line Cinema 2667:Turner Pictures 2653:Amblin Partners 2641:CBS Corporation 2631:– purchased by 2569: 2545: 2534: 2528: 2502: 2500:Amblin Partners 2473: 2464: 2458: 2447: 2418: 2345:Open Road Films 2211:Jerry Perenchio 2173:New Line Cinema 2152: 2133: 2108: 2097: 2079: 2063:August 20, 2012 2043: 2038:Amblin Partners 2031:Summit Premiere 2008: 2000:Pantelion Films 1985: 1957: 1946: 1944:Lionsgate Films 1934: 1933: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1903: 1881: 1862: 1851: 1839: 1838: 1809: 1800: 1794: 1783: 1744: 1659: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1625: 1603: 1569: 1536: 1510: 1494: 1483: 1471: 1470: 1455: 1453:Movies Anywhere 1451: 1449:Disney+ Hotstar 1447: 1442: 1438: 1432: 1412: 1374: 1328: 1302: 1279: 1247: 1236: 1224: 1223: 1208: 1203: 1199: 1193: 1184: 1165: 1138: 1119:Williams Street 1107: 1096: 1075: 1048: 1040:New Line Cinema 1037: 1025: 1024: 1009: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 982: 970: 948: 917: 896: 880: 852: 851: 844: 843: 828: 823: 819: 813: 790: 772:Amblin Partners 765: 723: 702: 674: 615: 606: 600: 595: 364: 363: 362: 361: 360: 351: 342: 341: 340: 331: 322: 321: 320: 311: 302: 301: 300: 291: 282: 281: 280: 271: 260: 210:and the global 208:American cinema 161: 160: 159: 158: 152: 151: 140: 139: 128: 127: 116: 115: 104: 103: 86: 85: 84: 83: 79: 78: 77: 69: 68: 59: 58: 57: 49: 48: 40: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13458: 13448: 13447: 13442: 13437: 13432: 13415: 13414: 13412: 13411: 13401: 13390: 13387: 13386: 13384: 13383: 13378: 13373: 13368: 13363: 13358: 13353: 13348: 13343: 13338: 13333: 13328: 13323: 13318: 13313: 13311:Reverse motion 13308: 13303: 13298: 13293: 13288: 13283: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13261:Modernist film 13258: 13253: 13248: 13243: 13238: 13233: 13228: 13223: 13218: 13217: 13216: 13206: 13201: 13200: 13199: 13194: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13153: 13152: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13127: 13126: 13125: 13123:midnight movie 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13049: 13048: 13043: 13038: 13033: 13028: 13023: 13013: 13008: 13002: 13000: 12990: 12989: 12987: 12986: 12985: 12984: 12979: 12969: 12968: 12967: 12962: 12952: 12951: 12950: 12945: 12937: 12936: 12935: 12925: 12920: 12914: 12912: 12911:By demographic 12908: 12907: 12905: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12858: 12857: 12850:Social realist 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12805:Poliziotteschi 12802: 12797: 12795:Poetic realist 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12750:New generation 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12725:Modernist film 12722: 12717: 12715:L.A. Rebellion 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12647: 12642: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12580:Cinéma du look 12577: 12572: 12567: 12562: 12561: 12560: 12550: 12545: 12540: 12535: 12530: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12509: 12507: 12501: 12500: 12498: 12497: 12496: 12495: 12493:Zapata Western 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12473:Singing cowboy 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12428:Dacoit Western 12425: 12420: 12410: 12409: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12388: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12368: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12347: 12346: 12336: 12331: 12326: 12321: 12316: 12311: 12309:Shoshimin-eiga 12306: 12305: 12304: 12299: 12297:Nunsploitation 12294: 12292:Pornochanchada 12289: 12284: 12279: 12274: 12264: 12259: 12254: 12249: 12244: 12239: 12238: 12237: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12206: 12205: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12180: 12179: 12178: 12177: 12176: 12166: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12141: 12140: 12139: 12129: 12128: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12092: 12087: 12082: 12081: 12080: 12075: 12065: 12060: 12059: 12058: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12037: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12016: 12011: 12006: 12005: 12004: 11999: 11994: 11984: 11979: 11974: 11969: 11967:Food and drink 11964: 11959: 11958: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11945:Blaxploitation 11937: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11916: 11915: 11910: 11900: 11899: 11898: 11888: 11883: 11882: 11881: 11876: 11874:Poliziotteschi 11871: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11785: 11784: 11779: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11753: 11751: 11747: 11746: 11744: 11743: 11738: 11737: 11736: 11731: 11729:Extreme cinema 11726: 11716: 11715: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11659: 11654: 11649: 11648: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11577: 11576: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11554: 11553: 11538: 11533: 11528: 11527: 11526: 11519: 11514: 11504: 11499: 11498: 11497: 11492: 11491: 11490: 11485: 11470: 11469: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11417: 11416: 11411: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11371: 11366: 11361: 11356: 11351: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11309:Chinese horror 11306: 11301: 11296: 11286: 11285: 11284: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11254: 11253: 11252: 11247: 11242: 11232: 11231: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11190: 11189: 11188: 11175: 11170: 11169: 11168: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11147: 11146: 11141: 11136: 11131: 11121: 11120: 11119: 11118: 11117: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11082: 11081: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11045: 11040: 11030: 11029: 11028: 11018: 11017: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10996: 10991: 10986: 10981: 10976: 10971: 10966: 10961: 10956: 10955: 10954: 10944: 10939: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10913: 10912: 10902: 10901: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10879: 10877: 10873: 10872: 10862: 10861: 10854: 10847: 10839: 10830: 10829: 10824: 10821: 10820: 10817: 10816: 10814: 10813: 10808: 10807: 10806: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10751: 10746: 10741: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10716: 10711: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10675: 10674: 10666: 10665: 10664: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10612:Edison Studios 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10537:Calvin Company 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10492:Astor Pictures 10489: 10484: 10479: 10473: 10471: 10467: 10466: 10464: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10412: 10410: 10406: 10405: 10403: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10376: 10374: 10370: 10369: 10367: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10295: 10293: 10289: 10288: 10286: 10285: 10283:Savoy Pictures 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10249: 10247: 10243: 10242: 10240: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10148: 10146: 10142: 10141: 10139: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10126:Overture Films 10123: 10118: 10116:Maple Pictures 10113: 10108: 10106:Christal Films 10103: 10098: 10092: 10090: 10086: 10085: 10083: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10021: 10019: 10012: 10011:Defunct/former 10008: 10007: 10004: 10003: 10001: 10000: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9979: 9978: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9861:Red Hour Films 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9841:Platinum Dunes 9838: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9796:One Race Films 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9687: 9686: 9676: 9671: 9669:Identity Films 9666: 9661: 9656: 9654:Hello Sunshine 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9620: 9619: 9617:Gloria Sanchez 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9583: 9582: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9490:Bubble Factory 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9445:Atomic Monster 9442: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9320:Shout! Studios 9317: 9316: 9315: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9274: 9273: 9271:Rogue Pictures 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9211:Maximum Effort 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9146:Giant Pictures 9143: 9142: 9141: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9115: 9114: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9052:Broadway Video 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8968: 8967: 8962: 8951: 8945: 8937: 8936: 8934: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8916:Skydance Media 8913: 8908: 8906:PalmStar Media 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8861:Grosvenor Park 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8841:Escape Artists 8838: 8837: 8836: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8800: 8798: 8792: 8791: 8789: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8732: 8730: 8720: 8719: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8712: 8706: 8704: 8694: 8693: 8691: 8690: 8684: 8678: 8676: 8666: 8665: 8663: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8651: 8650: 8648:Orion Classics 8643:Orion Pictures 8640: 8638:United Artists 8635: 8629: 8627: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8613: 8607: 8601: 8596: 8590: 8584: 8583: 8582: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8556: 8554: 8545: 8539: 8538: 8535: 8534: 8532: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8510: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8484: 8483: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8452: 8447: 8441: 8439: 8429: 8428: 8426: 8425: 8420: 8419: 8418: 8406: 8400: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8366:Marvel Studios 8363: 8362: 8361: 8351: 8345: 8343: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8313: 8308: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8266: 8264: 8254: 8253: 8251: 8250: 8244: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8212: 8207: 8201: 8199: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8179: 8174: 8172:Carnival Films 8169: 8167:Focus Features 8164: 8158: 8156: 8147: 8141: 8140: 8132: 8131: 8124: 8117: 8109: 8103: 8102: 8090: 8078: 8063: 8048: 8033: 8018: 8003: 7988: 7973: 7958: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7930: 7904: 7871: 7846: 7821: 7797: 7764: 7739: 7708: 7677: 7646: 7615: 7584: 7553: 7522: 7492: 7462: 7432: 7401: 7368: 7337: 7306: 7275: 7244: 7212: 7178: 7147: 7117: 7085: 7051: 7019: 6993: 6963: 6933: 6908: 6878: 6848: 6818: 6809: 6792: 6783: 6774: 6765: 6756: 6747: 6727:The Film Daily 6714: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6687: 6675: 6662: 6653: 6644: 6635: 6604: 6593:on 20 May 2013 6574: 6543: 6509: 6506:. 7 July 2016. 6491: 6460: 6431: 6400: 6367: 6334: 6303: 6278: 6247: 6221: 6195: 6161: 6142: 6122: 6092: 6067: 6042:"Norman Lear" 6035: 6006: 5974: 5943: 5932: 5907: 5872: 5841: 5829: 5799: 5773: 5740: 5710: 5676: 5639: 5632: 5612: 5581: 5553: 5494: 5469: 5439: 5416:Masters, Kim. 5408: 5372: 5338: 5308: 5274: 5244: 5213: 5182: 5163: 5143: 5112: 5098: 5075: 5057: 5037: 5019: 4992: 4973: 4964:Film Marketing 4953: 4934: 4911: 4893: 4873: 4854: 4829: 4822: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4736: 4722: 4716: 4710: 4709:in March 1985) 4703:Rupert Murdoch 4691: 4684:Joseph Schenck 4677: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4654: 4644:A Late Quartet 4635: 4621: 4615: 4605: 4590: 4576: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4556: 4555:, 2023–present 4550: 4549: 4548: 4547:, 2022–present 4542: 4535:JPMorgan Chase 4528: 4511: 4505: 4499: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4481: 4465: 4459: 4456:Kirk Kerkorian 4448: 4434: 4427:Louis B. Mayer 4420: 4409:Samuel Goldwyn 4402: 4399:Louis B. Mayer 4391:Metro Pictures 4380: 4377: 4376: 4375: 4374: 4373: 4367: 4358: 4355: 4354: 4353: 4328: 4325: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4297: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4283: 4264: 4261: 4247: 4246: 4245: 4233: 4232: 4231: 4221: 4203: 4188:Jack L. Warner 4176: 4173: 4172: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4163: 4162: 4161: 4155: 4148: 4141:JPMorgan Chase 4134: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4087: 4071: 4059: 4053: 4042:D. W. Griffith 4027:United Artists 4022: 4019: 4018: 4017: 4016: 4015: 4009: 3994:Comedy Central 3971: 3955: 3954: 3953: 3941: 3938: 3935:Jesse L. Lasky 3927: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3898: 3897: 3890: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3852: 3778: 3756: 3742: 3741: 3740: 3712: 3711: 3710: 3689: 3658:acquired also 3637: 3623: 3597: 3586: 3567: 3564: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3530:Skydance Media 3514:Amazon Studios 3418:No Time to Die 3363:CBS All Access 3315:Colony Capital 3302: 3299: 3263:DreamWorks SKG 3214:Rupert Murdoch 3205: 3202: 3185:Rupert Murdoch 3161:Orion Pictures 3130:The Black Hole 3112: 3109: 3098:Kirk Kerkorian 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 2979: 2976: 2938:First National 2896:relocated his 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2716: 2706: 2701:). Currently, 2664: 2626: 2616: 2598: 2592: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2540: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2503: 2496: 2495: 2492: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2470: 2457: 2454: 2446: 2443: 2442: 2441: 2435: 2428:Marvel Studios 2425: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2412: 2398: 2389:– acquired by 2384: 2374: 2348: 2338: 2332: 2327:– acquired by 2322: 2307:Overture Films 2304: 2298: 2284: 2281:Focus Features 2279:– merged into 2274: 2268: 2246: 2236: 2227:– acquired by 2222: 2200: 2193:Orion Pictures 2190: 2180: 2170: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2119: 2117:March 10, 2014 2114: 2109: 2107: 2106: 2098: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2077: 2071: 2067: 2065: 2060: 2057: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2041: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2024: 2018: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2006: 2003: 1997: 1992: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1983: 1978: 1975: 1970: 1963: 1961: 1959:July 26, 1991 1952: 1941: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1917:Amazon Freevee 1906: 1904: 1902: 1901: 1899:United Artists 1896: 1890: 1888:Orion Classics 1884: 1882: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1868: 1866: 1860:April 17, 1924 1857: 1854:Orion Pictures 1846: 1832: 1831: 1828: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1806: 1793: 1790: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1777: 1772: 1762: 1743: 1742:Instant majors 1740: 1739: 1738: 1721: 1718:Amazon Freevee 1702:Kirk Kerkorian 1691: 1676:United Artists 1673: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1626: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1615: 1612: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1554:Toei Animation 1551: 1545: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1508: 1502: 1500: 1489: 1478: 1464: 1463: 1460: 1433: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1422: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1394: 1389: 1383: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1314:Marvel Studios 1311: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1300: 1294: 1288: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1255: 1253: 1242: 1231: 1217: 1216: 1213: 1194: 1192: 1191: 1179: 1174: 1168: 1166: 1164: 1163: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1141: 1139: 1137: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1110: 1108: 1106: 1105: 1099: 1097: 1095: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1078: 1076: 1074: 1073: 1067: 1062: 1056: 1054: 1043: 1032: 1018: 1017: 1014: 983: 981: 980: 977: 973: 971: 969: 968: 963: 960:Miramax Family 957: 951: 949: 947: 946: 944:Avatar Studios 941: 936: 931: 926: 920: 918: 916: 915: 910: 905: 899: 897: 895: 894: 889: 883: 881: 879: 878: 871: 869: 864: 859: 855:Skydance Media 837: 836: 833: 814: 812: 811: 810:WT Productions 808: 803: 797: 793: 791: 789: 788: 783: 782:Makeready (JV) 780: 778:Carnival Films 775: 768: 766: 764: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 732: 726: 724: 722: 721: 716: 711: 705: 703: 701: 700: 698:Focus Features 694: 692: 690:April 30, 1912 687: 682: 668: 667: 657: 648: 645: 640: 631: 622: 619: 612: 599: 596: 594: 591: 585:(MPA) and the 568:Focus Features 536:DreamWorks SKG 522:(now owned by 507:(e.g., Sony's 501:Focus Features 454:Universal City 409:United Artists 352: 345: 344: 343: 332: 325: 324: 323: 312: 305: 304: 303: 292: 285: 284: 283: 272: 265: 264: 263: 262: 261: 259: 256: 250:(MPA) and the 157: 156: 147: 146: 144: 135: 134: 132: 123: 122: 120: 111: 110: 108: 99: 98: 95: 89: 88: 87: 81: 80: 71: 70: 62: 61: 60: 51: 50: 42: 41: 33: 32: 31: 30: 29: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13457: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13427: 13425: 13410: 13406: 13402: 13400: 13392: 13391: 13388: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13369: 13367: 13364: 13362: 13359: 13357: 13354: 13352: 13349: 13347: 13344: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13306:Postmodernist 13304: 13302: 13299: 13297: 13296:Participatory 13294: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13284: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13266:Musical short 13264: 13262: 13259: 13257: 13254: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13234: 13232: 13229: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13215: 13212: 13211: 13210: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13189: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13177:Found footage 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13151: 13148: 13147: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13124: 13121: 13120: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13083:Cinéma vérité 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13047: 13044: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13022: 13019: 13018: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13007: 13004: 13003: 13001: 12999:or production 12991: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12974: 12973: 12970: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12957: 12956: 12953: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12941: 12940: 12938: 12934: 12931: 12930: 12929: 12926: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12915: 12913: 12909: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12856: 12853: 12852: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12815:Prussian film 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12760:New Nollywood 12758: 12756: 12755:New Hollywood 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12575:Cannibal boom 12573: 12571: 12570:Calligrafismo 12568: 12566: 12563: 12559: 12556: 12555: 12554: 12551: 12549: 12546: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12538:Berlin School 12536: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12510: 12508: 12502: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12488:Weird Western 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12415: 12414: 12411: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12393: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12345: 12342: 12341: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12319:Slice of life 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12275: 12273: 12272:Bavarian porn 12270: 12269: 12268: 12267:Sexploitation 12265: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12236: 12233: 12232: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12225:Partisan film 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12204: 12201: 12200: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12193:Muslim social 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12175: 12174:Zombie comedy 12172: 12171: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12149:Giant monster 12147: 12146: 12145: 12142: 12138: 12135: 12134: 12133: 12130: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12101: 12098: 12097: 12096: 12093: 12091: 12088: 12086: 12083: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12070: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12057: 12054: 12053: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12021: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11989: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11950:Mexploitation 11948: 11946: 11943: 11942: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11905: 11904: 11901: 11897: 11894: 11893: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11816: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11804:Coming-of-age 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11774: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11754: 11752: 11748: 11742: 11739: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11722: 11721: 11720: 11719:Transgressive 11717: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11702:Psychological 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11664: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11652:Slice of life 11650: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11582: 11581: 11578: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11552: 11549: 11548: 11547: 11544: 11543: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11524: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11509: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11496: 11493: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11480: 11479: 11476: 11475: 11474: 11471: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11438: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11389:Psychological 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11364:Korean horror 11362: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11334:Found footage 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11291: 11290: 11287: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11259: 11258: 11255: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11237: 11236: 11233: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11223:Magic realism 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11195: 11194: 11191: 11187: 11186: 11181: 11180: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11167: 11164: 11163: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11139:Sexploitation 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11126: 11125: 11122: 11116: 11113: 11112: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11090:Calligrafismo 11088: 11087: 11086: 11083: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11043:City symphony 11041: 11039: 11036: 11035: 11034: 11031: 11027: 11024: 11023: 11022: 11019: 11015: 11012: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11000: 10997: 10995: 10992: 10990: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10953: 10950: 10949: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10934: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10911: 10908: 10907: 10906: 10903: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10885: 10884: 10881: 10880: 10878: 10874: 10870: 10867: 10860: 10855: 10853: 10848: 10846: 10841: 10840: 10837: 10827: 10822: 10812: 10809: 10805: 10802: 10801: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10673: 10670: 10669: 10667: 10663: 10660: 10659: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10474: 10472: 10468: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10446:Rooster Teeth 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10413: 10411: 10407: 10401: 10400:Triumph Films 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10377: 10375: 10371: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10334:Liberty Films 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10296: 10294: 10290: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10250: 10248: 10244: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10149: 10147: 10143: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10093: 10091: 10087: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10022: 10020: 10016: 10013: 10009: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9988:WingNut Films 9986: 9984: 9981: 9977: 9974: 9973: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9801:Original Film 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9685: 9682: 9681: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9644:Happy Madison 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9618: 9615: 9614: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9597:Freckle Films 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9581: 9578: 9577: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9405:1492 Pictures 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9345:Topic Studios 9343: 9341: 9340:TLA Releasing 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9314: 9311: 9310: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9272: 9269: 9268: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9140: 9137: 9136: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9113: 9110: 9109: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9072:CineTel Films 9070: 9068: 9067:Cinelou Films 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8982:Angel Studios 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8957: 8956: 8953: 8952: 8949: 8946: 8938: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8911:Prospect Park 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8835: 8832: 8831: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8801: 8799: 8793: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8736:Apple Studios 8734: 8733: 8731: 8721: 8711: 8708: 8707: 8705: 8703: 8699: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8679: 8677: 8675: 8671: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8649: 8646: 8645: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8626: 8622: 8611: 8608: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8599:Good Universe 8597: 8594: 8591: 8588: 8585: 8581: 8578: 8577: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8557: 8555: 8553: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8540: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8508: 8507:Stage 6 Films 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8489: 8488: 8485: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8460:3000 Pictures 8458: 8457: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8437:Sony Pictures 8434: 8424: 8421: 8416: 8413: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8404: 8401: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8360: 8357: 8356: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8346: 8344: 8342: 8338: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8259: 8248: 8245: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8202: 8200: 8198: 8194: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8155: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8142: 8137: 8130: 8125: 8123: 8118: 8116: 8111: 8110: 8107: 8100: 8095: 8091: 8088: 8083: 8079: 8076: 8075:0-8065-0958-9 8072: 8068: 8064: 8061: 8060:0-571-19596-2 8057: 8053: 8049: 8046: 8045:0-517-54656-6 8042: 8038: 8037:The RKO Story 8034: 8031: 8030:0-600-59836-5 8027: 8023: 8019: 8016: 8015:0-517-55001-6 8012: 8008: 8004: 8001: 8000:1-903364-66-3 7997: 7993: 7989: 7986: 7985:0-517-56576-5 7982: 7978: 7974: 7971: 7970:0-517-55348-1 7967: 7963: 7959: 7956: 7955:0-520-23265-8 7952: 7948: 7944: 7943: 7942: 7941: 7919: 7915: 7908: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7875: 7860: 7856: 7850: 7836: 7832: 7825: 7811: 7807: 7801: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7768: 7754: 7750: 7743: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7712: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7681: 7665: 7661: 7657: 7650: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7619: 7603: 7599: 7595: 7588: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7557: 7541: 7537: 7533: 7526: 7511: 7507: 7503: 7496: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7466: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7436: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7405: 7389: 7385: 7384: 7379: 7372: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7341: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7310: 7294: 7290: 7286: 7279: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7248: 7232: 7228: 7227: 7222: 7216: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7185: 7183: 7166: 7162: 7158: 7151: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7121: 7105: 7101: 7100: 7095: 7089: 7074: 7070: 7069: 7064: 7058: 7056: 7040: 7036: 7035: 7030: 7023: 7008: 7004: 6997: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6967: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6937: 6922: 6918: 6912: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6882: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6852: 6837:on 2018-09-27 6836: 6832: 6828: 6822: 6813: 6806:. p. 29. 6805: 6804: 6796: 6787: 6778: 6769: 6760: 6751: 6743: 6728: 6724: 6718: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6701: 6691: 6690: 6685: 6684: 6679: 6672: 6666: 6657: 6648: 6639: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6608: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6578: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6547: 6540: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6513: 6505: 6501: 6495: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6464: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6435: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6404: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6374: 6372: 6364: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6338: 6323: 6319: 6318: 6313: 6307: 6292: 6288: 6282: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6257: 6251: 6235: 6231: 6225: 6214:September 11, 6210: 6206: 6199: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6168: 6166: 6149: 6145: 6143:9780813553788 6139: 6135: 6134: 6126: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6096: 6081: 6077: 6071: 6056:on 2013-05-18 6055: 6051: 6047: 6039: 6024: 6020: 6018: 6010: 5995: 5991: 5990: 5985: 5978: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5947: 5939: 5935: 5933:9780520232655 5929: 5925: 5924: 5916: 5914: 5912: 5904: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5876: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5845: 5838: 5833: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5803: 5787: 5783: 5777: 5770: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5744: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5714: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5683: 5681: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5644: 5635: 5629: 5625: 5624: 5616: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5585: 5570: 5569: 5564: 5557: 5550: 5535: 5531: 5524: 5521:Schatz, Tom. 5517: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5490: 5486: 5485: 5480: 5473: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5443: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5412: 5405: 5393: 5389: 5388: 5383: 5376: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5345: 5343: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5312: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5248: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5217: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5186: 5170: 5166: 5164:9781630762018 5160: 5156: 5155: 5147: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5116: 5101: 5099:9780691116839 5095: 5091: 5090: 5085: 5079: 5064: 5060: 5058:9781446273081 5054: 5050: 5049: 5041: 5026: 5022: 5020:9781136835254 5016: 5012: 5011: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4980: 4976: 4974:9780750686839 4970: 4966: 4965: 4957: 4941: 4937: 4935:9781317623380 4931: 4927: 4926: 4918: 4916: 4900: 4896: 4894:9781442204294 4890: 4886: 4885: 4877: 4861: 4857: 4855:9781135895747 4851: 4847: 4843: 4836: 4834: 4825: 4823:9780812973822 4819: 4815: 4810: 4809: 4800: 4796: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4714: 4711: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4678: 4675: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4652: 4651: 4650:Barely Lethal 4646: 4645: 4640: 4636: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4602:Howard Hughes 4599: 4595: 4591: 4588: 4584: 4583:David Sarnoff 4580: 4577: 4574: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4554: 4551: 4546: 4543: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4531:Credit Suisse 4529: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4479: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4435: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4295: 4291: 4288: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4229: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4197: 4196:Albert Warner 4193: 4189: 4185: 4184: 4182: 4169: 4166: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4137:Credit Suisse 4135: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4075: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4047: 4046:Mary Pickford 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3956: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3895: 3891: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3877:, 2011–2013 ( 3876: 3872: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3849:NBC Universal 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3831:, 2004–2011 ( 3830: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3743: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3713: 3708: 3704: 3701: 3697: 3694:, 1995–1996 ( 3693: 3690: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3666:officially.) 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3642:, 1962–1996 ( 3641: 3638: 3635: 3631: 3628:, 1951–1962 ( 3627: 3624: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3602:, 1946–1952 ( 3601: 3598: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3461: 3456: 3455: 3454:Birds of Prey 3450: 3449: 3444: 3443: 3438: 3437: 3432: 3431: 3426: 3425: 3420: 3419: 3414: 3413: 3408: 3407: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3391: 3390: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3366: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3349: 3344: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3323: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3287: 3285: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3231:Sony Pictures 3228: 3224: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3201: 3199: 3193: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3140:Heaven's Gate 3134: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3125: 3119: 3108: 3106: 3105: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3073:Lew Wasserman 3070: 3065: 3063: 3062: 3057: 3053: 3048: 3044: 3043:Howard Hughes 3040: 3035: 3034:Decca Records 3030: 3015: 3011: 3009: 3005: 3001: 3000:David Sarnoff 2997: 2991: 2990:Studio system 2985: 2975: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2947: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2928: 2927: 2922: 2919:. Renamed as 2918: 2915:and animator 2914: 2910: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2861: 2856: 2855: 2850: 2848: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2830: 2825: 2824: 2819: 2818: 2813: 2810:. Because of 2809: 2805: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2794: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2778:—founded the 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2753:New York City 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2737:Thomas Edison 2732: 2714: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2671:Hanna-Barbera 2668: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2577:Sony Pictures 2574: 2571: 2570: 2559: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2539: 2538: 2533: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2491: 2487: 2479:Year founded 2476: 2468: 2463:Studio parent 2461: 2453: 2451: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2351:Miramax Films 2349: 2346: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2113: 2104: 2100: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2081: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2056: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1989: 1987: 1982: 1981:Good Universe 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1938: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1893:Rede Telecine 1891: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1883: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1864:January 1978 1856: 1855: 1850: 1843: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1827: 1823: 1815:Year founded 1812: 1804: 1799:Studio parent 1797: 1789: 1787: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1670:Howard Hughes 1667: 1664: 1663: 1662: 1649: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1605: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575:3000 Pictures 1574: 1573: 1571: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1538: 1533: 1532:Stage 6 Films 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1497:March 2, 1982 1488: 1487: 1482: 1475: 1469: 1468:Sony Pictures 1466: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1414: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1386:A&E Films 1384: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1376: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1330: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1304: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1281: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1228: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1214: 1211: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1188: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1167: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1155:Cinemax Films 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1140: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1109: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1098: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1077: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1055: 1053: 1051:June 18, 1967 1046:April 4, 1923 1042: 1041: 1036: 1029: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1015: 1012: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 978: 975: 974: 972: 967: 964: 961: 958: 956: 953: 952: 950: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 929:MTV Animation 927: 925: 922: 921: 919: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 900: 898: 893: 890: 888: 885: 884: 882: 876: 873: 872: 870: 863: 856: 848: 842: 839: 838: 834: 831: 826: 822: 818: 809: 807: 804: 801: 798: 796:OTL Releasing 795: 794: 787: 784: 781: 779: 776: 773: 770: 769: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 736: 733: 731: 728: 727: 725: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 706: 699: 696: 695: 693: 686: 679: 673: 670: 669: 665: 661: 658: 656: 652: 649: 644: 641: 639: 635: 630: 626: 623: 621:Date founded 620: 618: 613: 610: 605:Studio parent 604: 603: 590: 588: 584: 579: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 551: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 512: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 477: 472: 470: 466: 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 440: 435: 433: 428: 426: 421: 416: 414: 410: 406: 402: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 379: 377: 373: 369: 359: 355: 349: 339: 335: 329: 319: 315: 309: 299: 295: 289: 279: 275: 269: 255: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 236:Sony Pictures 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 212:film industry 209: 205: 201: 196: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 155: 154:Sony Pictures 145: 143: 133: 131: 121: 119: 109: 107: 97: 96: 93: 75: 66: 55: 46: 37: 19: 18:Major studios 13225: 13145:Experimental 13140:Ethnofiction 12887:Third Cinema 12790:Persian Film 12533:Auteur films 12504:By movement 12361:Swashbuckler 12220:Ozploitation 12215:Outlaw biker 12095:Martial arts 12090:Magical girl 11940:Exploitation 11935:Ethnographic 11864:Mafia comedy 11507:Pornographic 11384:Psycho-biddy 11369:Lovecraftian 11203:Contemporary 11184: 11178:Exploitation 11173:Experimental 11053:Mockumentary 10922:Biographical 10684:Ladd Company 10409:Warner Bros. 10258:Good Machine 10253:FilmDistrict 10162:Cannon Films 9921:Syncopy Inc. 9916:Sunday Night 9901:Stone Quarry 9791:Nine Stories 9781:Mutant Enemy 9731:Killer Films 9659:Hoorae Media 9639:Gracie Films 9612:Gary Sanchez 9592:Flower Films 9365:Walden Media 9298:Screen Media 9283:RKO Pictures 9261:RadicalMedia 9251:Picturehouse 9246:Oscilloscope 9191:Likely Story 9077:Darius Films 8942:distribution 8871:ICM Partners 8866:H Collective 8856:Gotham Group 8756:Mattel Films 8727:distribution 8492:Affirm Films 8392:Disneynature 8376:Star Studios 8262:Warner Bros. 8144: 8136:Film studios 8087:Film studios 8066: 8051: 8036: 8021: 8006: 7991: 7976: 7961: 7946: 7939: 7938: 7922:. Retrieved 7917: 7907: 7896:. Retrieved 7884: 7874: 7863:. Retrieved 7861:. 2024-06-11 7858: 7849: 7838:. Retrieved 7834: 7824: 7813:. Retrieved 7809: 7800: 7789:. Retrieved 7777: 7767: 7756:. Retrieved 7752: 7742: 7730:. Retrieved 7726:the original 7721: 7711: 7699:. Retrieved 7690: 7680: 7668:. Retrieved 7660:The Guardian 7659: 7649: 7637:. Retrieved 7628: 7618: 7606:. Retrieved 7597: 7587: 7575:. Retrieved 7566: 7556: 7544:. Retrieved 7540:the original 7535: 7525: 7514:. Retrieved 7505: 7495: 7484:. Retrieved 7475: 7465: 7454:. Retrieved 7445: 7435: 7423:. Retrieved 7414: 7404: 7392:. Retrieved 7381: 7371: 7359:. Retrieved 7350: 7340: 7328:. Retrieved 7319: 7309: 7297:. Retrieved 7278: 7266:. Retrieved 7257: 7247: 7235:. Retrieved 7224: 7215: 7203:. Retrieved 7169:. Retrieved 7160: 7150: 7138:. Retrieved 7129: 7120: 7108:. Retrieved 7104:the original 7097: 7088: 7077:. Retrieved 7066: 7043:. Retrieved 7032: 7022: 7011:. Retrieved 7005:. The Wrap. 6996: 6985:. Retrieved 6976: 6966: 6955:. Retrieved 6946: 6936: 6925:. Retrieved 6911: 6900:. Retrieved 6891: 6881: 6870:. Retrieved 6861: 6851: 6839:. Retrieved 6835:the original 6830: 6821: 6812: 6801: 6795: 6786: 6777: 6768: 6759: 6750: 6733:December 26, 6731:. Retrieved 6726: 6717: 6678: 6670: 6665: 6656: 6647: 6638: 6626:. Retrieved 6617: 6607: 6595:. Retrieved 6591:the original 6586: 6577: 6565:. Retrieved 6556: 6546: 6538: 6531:. Retrieved 6523:Screen Daily 6522: 6512: 6503: 6494: 6482:. Retrieved 6473: 6463: 6452:. Retrieved 6443: 6434: 6422:. Retrieved 6413: 6403: 6391:. Retrieved 6387:the original 6382: 6362: 6356:. Retrieved 6347: 6337: 6326:. Retrieved 6315: 6306: 6295:. Retrieved 6281: 6270:. Retrieved 6259: 6250: 6238:. Retrieved 6224: 6212:. Retrieved 6208: 6198: 6186:. Retrieved 6182:the original 6177: 6154:November 18, 6152:. Retrieved 6132: 6125: 6113:. Retrieved 6104: 6095: 6084:. Retrieved 6070: 6058:. Retrieved 6054:the original 6049: 6038: 6027:. Retrieved 6016: 6009: 5998:. Retrieved 5987: 5977: 5965:. Retrieved 5956: 5946: 5922: 5901: 5894:. Retrieved 5885: 5875: 5863:. Retrieved 5859:the original 5854: 5844: 5832: 5821:. Retrieved 5812: 5802: 5790:. Retrieved 5776: 5768: 5762:. Retrieved 5753: 5743: 5731:. Retrieved 5727:the original 5722: 5713: 5701:. Retrieved 5692: 5667:. Retrieved 5658: 5655:"mini-major" 5622: 5615: 5603:. Retrieved 5594: 5584: 5572:. Retrieved 5566: 5556: 5547: 5541:. Retrieved 5529: 5482: 5472: 5460:. Retrieved 5451: 5442: 5430:. Retrieved 5421: 5411: 5403: 5396:. Retrieved 5385: 5375: 5363:. Retrieved 5354: 5330:. Retrieved 5321: 5311: 5300:. Retrieved 5291: 5267:November 27, 5265:. Retrieved 5256: 5253:"Who We Are" 5247: 5235:. Retrieved 5226: 5216: 5204:. Retrieved 5195: 5185: 5173:. Retrieved 5153: 5146: 5134:. Retrieved 5130:the original 5125: 5115: 5103:. Retrieved 5088: 5078: 5067:. Retrieved 5047: 5040: 5029:. Retrieved 5009: 4983:. Retrieved 4963: 4956: 4944:. Retrieved 4924: 4903:. Retrieved 4883: 4876: 4864:. Retrieved 4845: 4807: 4799: 4699:Marvin Davis 4648: 4642: 4632:Ray Chambers 4566:RKO Pictures 4516:, 2005–2023 4514:MGM Holdings 4192:Harry Warner 4181:Warner Bros. 4175:Warner Bros. 4122:, 2005–2023 4120:MGM Holdings 4056:Transamerica 3920:Adolph Zukor 3781:NBCUniversal 3684:and with it 3579:Carl Laemmle 3554:not include 3552: 3522: 3494: 3486:David Zaslav 3471: 3464: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3394: 3387: 3381: 3367: 3352: 3345: 3326: 3319: 3307:Tutor Perini 3304: 3301:2010–present 3288: 3283:Pulp Fiction 3281: 3275: 3237:merged with 3223:Gulf+Western 3207: 3197: 3194: 3158: 3146: 3138: 3135: 3128: 3124:The Rescuers 3122: 3114: 3104:Mary Poppins 3102: 3078:Gulf+Western 3066: 3059: 3026: 3012: 2993: 2966: 2954: 2944: 2942: 2931: 2924: 2906: 2874:Adolph Zukor 2871: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2847:Harry Potter 2846: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2811: 2797: 2791: 2761: 2745:Carl Laemmle 2734: 2703:Warner Bros. 2546: 2535: 2474: 2467:conglomerate 2449: 2448: 2379:– filed for 2277:FilmDistrict 2265:Warner Bros. 2233:NBCUniversal 2203:Avco Embassy 2185:– filed for 2153: 2027:Lionsgate UK 1958: 1947: 1863: 1852: 1810: 1803:conglomerate 1785: 1784: 1745: 1666:RKO Pictures 1660: 1517:Affirm Films 1495: 1484: 1403:Star Studios 1265:Disneynature 1250:May 31, 1935 1248: 1237: 1049: 1038: 853:(Merge with 751:Illumination 672:NBCUniversal 616: 609:conglomerate 580: 552: 513: 485:NBCUniversal 473: 462: 438: 436: 429: 417: 403: 391:RKO Pictures 387:Warner Bros. 380: 376:film studios 372:Eight Majors 365: 314:Warner Bros. 228:Warner Bros. 197: 187: 183: 172:distribution 163: 162: 130:Warner Bros. 13371:Video nasty 13366:Underground 13351:Slow cinema 13321:Sceneggiata 13209:Live action 13187:Independent 13167:Film à clef 13135:Docufiction 13103:Compilation 13078:Blockbuster 13046:Traditional 13041:Stop-motion 12977:Chick flick 12835:Slow cinema 12825:Remodernist 12640:Free Cinema 12620:Erra Cinema 12585:Cinema Novo 12463:Revisionist 11972:Gendai-geki 11908:Psychedelic 11896:Apocalyptic 11762:Beach party 11657:Slow cinema 11630:Space opera 11595:Fantastique 11466:Sceneggiata 11456:Musicarello 11329:Fantastique 11208:Fantastique 11151:Educational 11078:Video essay 11033:Documentary 10729:Participant 10532:C2 Pictures 10187:G2 Pictures 9983:Vinyl Films 9936:Temple Hill 9931:Team Downey 9881:Seven Bucks 9674:ImageMovers 9649:Haxan Films 9624:Genre Films 9530:Cube Vision 9515:Color Force 9495:Centropolis 9415:Abso Lutely 9375:WWE Studios 9370:Wolfe Video 9288:Saban Films 9119:Film Arcade 8965:Truly Indie 8940:Production/ 8804:AGC Studios 8781:Square Enix 8725:production/ 8543:Mini-majors 8514:Ghost Corps 8497:Crunchyroll 8470:Screen Gems 7940:Works cited 7810:The Numbers 7394:January 19, 7361:January 19, 7299:December 4, 7237:January 14, 7205:January 14, 7140:January 14, 7110:January 14, 6060:January 25, 5792:October 14, 5750:"Corporate" 5703:January 10, 5462:November 7, 5237:10 November 4674:William Fox 4639:Ted Hartley 4612:RKO General 4594:Floyd Odlum 4541:(2011–2012) 4445:William Fox 4441:Marcus Loew 4437:Loew's Inc. 4332:Screen Gems 4282:, 2018–2022 4274:acquisition 4267:WarnerMedia 4147:(2011–2012) 4050:Arthur Krim 3986:Nickelodeon 3773:, owner of 3680:) acquired 3497:WarnerMedia 3478:WarnerMedia 3430:Black Widow 3355:its reunion 3339:along with 3311:Tom Barrack 3243:Time Warner 3204:1990s–2000s 3183:. In 1985, 3111:1970s–1980s 3052:Arthur Krim 3023:1950s–1960s 2949:, starring 2909:Walt Disney 2894:William Fox 2876:merged his 2849:film series 2776:Jack Warner 2695:Time Warner 2655:, in which 2609:Time Warner 2445:Semi-majors 2353:– owned by 2343:– formerly 2259:, of which 2221:subsidiary. 2207:Norman Lear 2124:STX Digital 1781:Mini-majors 1641:Crunchyroll 1527:Screen Gems 1522:Ghost Corps 1185: [ 1082:TruTV Films 1011:SkyShowtime 867:May 8, 1912 830:SkyShowtime 709:Focus World 634:Genre movie 509:Screen Gems 505:genre films 474:Meanwhile, 458:Culver City 446:city limits 92:Los Angeles 13424:Categories 13291:Paracinema 13276:Neorealist 13271:Mythopoeia 13256:Mockbuster 13221:Low-budget 13162:Featurette 12995:technique, 12993:By format, 12872:Surrealist 12867:Structural 12745:New German 12735:Neorealist 12730:Mumblecore 12670:Heimatfilm 12630:Film d'art 12595:Cinéma pur 12329:South Seas 12302:Sex report 11568:Paranormal 11531:Propaganda 11431:Mumblecore 11218:Historical 11100:Historical 10989:Remarriage 10979:Mo lei tau 10602:Eaco Films 10040:Fox Atomic 9971:View Askew 9951:Tim Burton 9891:Shondaland 9876:Scott Free 9821:Paper Kite 9607:Fuzzy Door 9602:Fruit Tree 9565:Echo Films 9485:Brownstone 9480:Brandywine 9440:Appian Way 9124:Fork Films 9037:Bold Films 8997:The Asylum 8824:Black List 8723:Horizontal 8606:(majority) 8580:eOne Films 8415:Vice Media 8397:ESPN Films 8318:(minority) 8295:DC Studios 7924:2024-07-08 7898:2024-07-03 7865:2024-06-11 7840:2024-06-03 7815:2024-05-06 7791:2024-05-06 7758:2024-05-06 7516:2021-05-17 7486:2021-05-17 7456:2021-05-16 7330:August 19, 7268:August 13, 7079:2019-07-03 7045:2010-07-30 7013:2010-01-31 6987:2009-08-09 6957:2011-06-06 6927:2010-01-31 6902:2009-02-23 6872:2009-01-18 6628:October 4, 6533:August 16, 6484:10 January 6454:2018-09-07 6358:2016-10-08 6328:2019-04-25 6297:2019-04-25 6272:2019-04-25 6086:2016-10-08 6029:2018-03-03 6000:2010-12-28 5896:August 16, 5823:2016-11-01 5764:2017-10-25 5733:28 January 5543:2012-07-03 5332:2016-11-25 5302:2024-01-07 5206:9 November 5175:10 January 5069:2020-08-16 5031:2021-01-27 4985:4 February 4905:2020-05-26 4792:References 4539:Carl Icahn 4472:Ted Turner 4318:Joe Brandt 4314:Harry Cohn 4200:Sam Warner 4145:Carl Icahn 4078:Ted Turner 3646:purchased 3409:or Sony's 3251:Matsushita 3086:Seven Arts 2984:Sound film 2982:See also: 2963:sound film 2860:The Batman 2829:The Terror 2804:sound film 2731:Sound film 2729:See also: 2623:Paramount+ 2615:) in 1996. 2405:John Kluge 2373:) in 2020. 2319:Starz Inc. 2289:– sold to 2197:Metromedia 2127:STX Family 2059:A24 Films 1969:(majority) 1706:bankruptcy 1698:Ted Turner 1419:Vice Films 1291:ESPN Films 1201:Discovery+ 1092:DC Studios 986:Paramount+ 180:box office 168:production 13281:No-budget 13246:Meta-film 13214:animation 13172:Film-poem 13108:Composite 13053:Anthology 13016:Animation 13011:Actuality 12997:approach, 12765:New Queer 12685:Indiewood 12635:Film gris 12506:or period 12483:Spaghetti 12406:Submarine 12386:Vigilante 12351:Superhero 12105:Chopsocky 12051:Jidaigeki 11920:Dystopian 11819:Detective 11777:Buddy cop 11767:Body swap 11697:Political 11677:Financial 11640:Tokusatsu 11635:Steampunk 11551:Bromantic 11523:Malayalam 11502:Crossover 11478:Detective 11446:Backstage 11394:Religious 11250:Tech noir 11245:Pulp noir 11235:Film noir 11110:Melodrama 11048:Docudrama 11021:Cyberpunk 11014:Slapstick 11004:Screwball 10964:Gross out 10927:Christian 10905:Adventure 10784:ThinkFilm 10292:Paramount 10246:Universal 10089:Lionsgate 10045:Fox Faith 9776:Music Box 9761:Monkeypaw 9716:KatzSmith 9684:Jax Media 9470:Big Beach 9455:Bad Robot 9385:XYZ Films 9186:levelFILM 9156:IFC Films 8944:companies 8834:Mad Solar 8729:companies 8710:STX Films 8689:(backing) 8682:A24 Films 8371:Lucasfilm 8311:HBO Films 8290:CNN Films 8226:BET Films 7893:0362-4331 7786:0362-4331 7732:April 26, 7546:April 26, 7425:March 25, 7171:March 12, 6240:April 25, 6188:March 20, 6115:March 20, 5693:TheStreet 5398:March 14, 5136:March 19, 5105:8 October 4946:24 August 4866:24 August 4695:Marc Rich 4474:in 1986) 4322:Jack Cohn 4251:Time Inc. 4080:in 1986) 3678:Panasonic 3664:Universal 3501:Discovery 3412:Bloodshot 3359:ViacomCBS 3297:in 2009. 3241:to birth 3239:Time Inc. 3177:Time Inc. 2951:Al Jolson 2917:Ub Iwerks 2907:In 1923, 2808:Vitaphone 2735:In 1909, 2691:RKO Radio 2661:Lionsgate 2619:CBS Films 2587:(through 2579:(through 2422:Lucasfilm 2369:(through 2329:Lionsgate 2315:Lionsgate 2263:(through 2112:STX Films 2076:(backing) 1937:Lionsgate 1921:ScreenPix 1690:umbrella. 1309:Lucasfilm 1087:CNN Films 1065:HBO Films 887:BET Films 643:Animation 589:(AMPTP). 442:Hollywood 430:In 2019, 298:Hollywood 254:(AMPTP). 204:dominated 13399:Category 13286:One-shot 13150:Abstract 13036:Computer 12720:Lettrist 12615:Dogme 95 12543:Bourekas 12513:Absolute 12453:Northern 12448:Meat pie 12401:Euro War 12396:Anti-war 12262:Rumberas 12183:Mountain 12085:Luchador 12041:Homeland 12029:Shotacon 12002:Suburban 11930:Economic 11891:Disaster 11824:Gangster 11799:Colonial 11789:Cannibal 11750:By theme 11707:Romantic 11662:Thriller 11620:New Wave 11615:Military 11573:Thriller 11541:Romantic 11488:Whodunit 11461:Operetta 11441:Arthouse 11409:Splatter 11304:Cannibal 11294:Arthouse 11277:Suburban 11267:Southern 11240:Neo-noir 11144:Thriller 11038:Animated 11026:Japanese 10994:Romantic 10984:Thriller 10910:Survival 10888:Arthouse 10876:By style 10672:Allspark 10182:Filmways 10050:Fox Film 9906:Studio 8 9866:Rideback 9846:Playtone 9771:Mr. Mudd 9634:GK Films 9570:Electric 9550:District 9355:Vertical 8846:Endeavor 8797:partners 8249:(13.01%) 7859:NBC News 7695:Archived 7664:Archived 7633:Archived 7602:Archived 7571:Archived 7510:Archived 7506:Deadline 7480:Archived 7450:Archived 7419:Archived 7388:Archived 7355:Archived 7324:Archived 7293:Archived 7262:Archived 7231:Archived 7226:AT&T 7199:Archived 7165:Archived 7134:Archived 7073:Archived 7039:Archived 7007:Archived 6981:Archived 6951:Archived 6921:Archived 6896:Archived 6866:Archived 6622:Archived 6587:Guidance 6561:Archived 6527:Archived 6478:Archived 6448:Archived 6418:Archived 6352:Archived 6322:Archived 6317:CBS News 6291:Archived 6266:Archived 6234:Archived 6148:Archived 6109:Archived 6105:BBC News 6080:Archived 6023:Archived 5994:Archived 5967:7 August 5961:Archived 5938:Archived 5890:Archived 5817:Archived 5813:Deadline 5786:Archived 5758:Archived 5697:Archived 5663:Archived 5599:Archived 5534:Archived 5489:Archived 5456:Archived 5426:Archived 5392:Archived 5365:June 13, 5359:Archived 5326:Archived 5296:Archived 5261:Archived 5231:Archived 5200:Archived 5169:Archived 5086:(2005). 5063:Archived 5025:Archived 4979:Archived 4940:Archived 4899:Archived 4860:Archived 4740:See also 4670:Fox Film 4498:in 1990) 4458:in 1969) 4280:AT&T 4271:AT&T 4104:in 1990) 3817:, after 3747:, 2000 ( 3717:, 1996 ( 3682:MCA Inc. 3640:MCA Inc. 3383:Downhill 3348:AT&T 3092:, under 3069:MCA Inc. 3008:B movies 2884:to form 2757:Edendale 2583:), with 2331:in 2012. 2231:and its 1548:Madhouse 990:Pluto TV 857:pending) 625:Arthouse 497:arthouse 258:Overview 13381:Z movie 13157:Feature 13093:Collage 13063:B movie 13031:Cartoon 12770:No wave 12438:Florida 12433:Fantasy 12413:Western 12356:Surfing 12344:Eurospy 12314:Slavery 12164:Vampire 12144:Monster 12115:Kung fu 12056:Samurai 12024:Lolicon 11992:Romance 11839:Gong'an 11809:Concert 11794:Chicano 11757:Animals 11645:Western 11600:Fantasy 11558:Fantasy 11536:Reality 11473:Mystery 11451:Jukebox 11436:Musical 11414:Satanic 11404:Slasher 11374:Natural 11354:Holiday 11262:Romance 11228:Science 11193:Fantasy 11095:Dramedy 10959:Dramedy 10668:Hasbro 10477:Alchemy 10167:Cinecom 9751:Malpaso 9679:Imagine 9400:87North 9129:FotoKem 8761:Netflix 8612:(18.9%) 8215:Miramax 7935:Sources 7835:Variety 7753:Variety 7722:Variety 7701:May 27, 7691:Variety 7670:May 27, 7639:May 27, 7629:Variety 7608:May 27, 7577:May 27, 7567:Variety 7536:Variety 7351:Variety 7320:Variety 6892:Variety 6862:Variety 6841:May 20, 6618:Variety 6474:Variety 6348:Variety 6209:Variety 5865:30 July 5605:May 11, 5574:26 July 5549:status. 5448:"About" 5432:23 June 5322:Variety 4618:GenCorp 4521:Comcast 4127:Comcast 3887:Vivendi 3871:Comcast 3863:Vivendi 3859:Vivendi 3855:Vivendi 3845:Vivendi 3841:Vivendi 3823:Vivendi 3795:Vivendi 3763:Vivendi 3745:Vivendi 3729:Seagram 3723:Seagram 3692:Seagram 3590:Laemmle 3313:of the 3267:Vivendi 3259:Miramax 3179:), and 2720:History 2456:Current 2377:Alchemy 2291:Seagram 2229:Comcast 2023:(18.9%) 1895:(12.5%) 1792:Current 1650:11.26% 1637:SonyLIV 1556:(1.86%) 1462:21.26% 1436:Disney+ 1215:15.73% 875:Miramax 835:21.77% 817:Peacock 678:Comcast 638:B movie 598:Current 481:Comcast 450:Burbank 186:or the 13409:Portal 13346:Silent 13336:Shinpa 13331:Serial 13316:Satire 13301:Poetry 13231:Masala 12960:Shōnen 12943:Seinen 12458:Ostern 12443:Horror 12376:Travel 12334:Sports 12257:Rubble 12230:Prison 12198:Nature 12169:Zombie 12110:Gun fu 12046:Isekai 12019:Hentai 11987:Gothic 11913:Stoner 11879:Yakuza 11834:Gokudō 11782:Female 11712:Techno 11682:Giallo 11672:Erotic 11667:Comedy 11610:Horror 11605:Gothic 11590:Comedy 11563:Gothic 11546:Comedy 11495:Giallo 11349:Giallo 11319:Comedy 11289:Horror 11257:Gothic 11198:Comedy 11124:Erotic 11115:Korean 11073:Travel 11063:Pseudo 11009:Silent 10974:Parody 10969:Horror 10937:Action 10932:Comedy 10883:Action 10869:genres 10470:Others 10018:Disney 9993:30West 9435:Apatow 9350:Utopia 8411:(50%) 8145:Majors 8073: 8058: 8043: 8028: 8013: 7998: 7983: 7968: 7953: 7891: 7784: 6597:2 July 6567:2 July 6424:2 July 6393:2 July 6140: 5930: 5669:2 July 5630: 5357:. AP. 5161: 5096: 5055: 5017: 4971: 4932: 4891: 4852: 4820: 4545:Amazon 4480:, 1986 4320:, and 4236:Kinney 4198:, and 4158:Amazon 4086:, 1986 4044:, and 3974:Viacom 3968:Viacom 3767:Canal+ 3505:Amazon 3406:Onward 3261:, and 2774:, and 2768:Albert 2681:, and 2633:Viacom 2143:0.07% 2089:1.54% 2049:6.48% 1925:2.49% 1842:Amazon 1716:, and 1710:Amazon 1016:9.55% 593:Majors 540:Viacom 530:, and 524:Amazon 397:, and 234:, and 198:Since 184:majors 13361:Sound 13341:Short 13098:Color 13021:Anime 12982:Josei 12972:Women 12965:Shōjo 12933:Anime 12923:Black 12918:Adult 12478:Space 12381:Trial 12324:Snuff 12235:Women 12210:Opera 12159:Mummy 12154:Kaiju 12137:Anime 12132:Mecha 12125:Wuxia 12120:Ninja 12068:LGBTQ 12063:Kaitō 12014:Harem 11997:Space 11977:Ghost 11925:Ecchi 11886:Dance 11859:Mafia 11844:Heist 11814:Crime 11772:Buddy 11741:Trick 11687:Legal 11344:Ghost 11282:Urban 11272:Space 11105:Legal 11085:Drama 11058:Mondo 10942:Black 9092:Decal 8795:Slate 8595:(50%) 8589:(43%) 8417:(16%) 8405:(73%) 8399:(80%) 8383:(20%) 8322:TruTV 8307:(49%) 8243:(50%) 8217:(49%) 8184:(50%) 7415:Axios 5537:(PDF) 5526:(PDF) 4519:Sony/ 4413:Edgar 4125:Sony/ 3839:from 3809:with 3705:from 3676:(now 3648:Decca 3630:Decca 3626:Decca 3538:merge 3460:Scoob 3436:Mulan 3291:Pixar 2900:from 2764:Harry 2697:(now 2611:(now 2560:~ 0% 2409:Orion 2017:(43%) 2002:(50%) 1730:when 1647:(JV) 1457:Philo 1446:(80%) 1444:ESPN+ 1421:(16%) 1399:(20%) 1388:(50%) 1299:(73%) 1293:(80%) 1261:(50%) 1210:Philo 1207:(25%) 1189:] 1162:(49%) 1013:(JV) 1006:Philo 998:Nick+ 962:(49%) 877:(49%) 832:(JV) 827:(75%) 737:(50%) 629:indie 503:) or 483:(via 206:both 176:films 13118:Cult 12955:Teen 12948:Stag 12939:Men 12418:Acid 12252:Road 12242:Race 12078:Yuri 12073:Yaoi 11903:Drug 11854:Hood 11299:Body 11213:High 11183:see 11161:Epic 11134:Pink 11068:Semi 10952:Sexy 10866:Film 10373:Sony 9756:Marv 9664:Icon 9425:AGBO 9236:Neon 8881:LAMF 8829:Bron 8771:Roku 8423:Hulu 8071:ISBN 8056:ISBN 8041:ISBN 8026:ISBN 8011:ISBN 7996:ISBN 7981:ISBN 7966:ISBN 7951:ISBN 7889:ISSN 7782:ISSN 7734:2023 7703:2021 7672:2021 7641:2021 7610:2021 7579:2021 7548:2023 7476:CNBC 7446:CNBC 7427:2020 7396:2020 7363:2020 7332:2019 7301:2019 7270:2019 7258:CNBC 7239:2019 7207:2019 7173:2019 7142:2019 7112:2019 6843:2007 6735:2015 6689:8.^ 6630:2019 6599:2012 6569:2012 6535:2018 6486:2019 6426:2012 6395:2012 6242:2019 6216:2022 6190:2013 6156:2017 6138:ISBN 6117:2018 6062:2013 5969:2015 5928:ISBN 5898:2018 5867:2016 5794:2011 5735:2014 5705:2018 5671:2012 5628:ISBN 5607:2015 5576:2024 5464:2013 5434:2020 5400:2010 5367:2018 5269:2020 5239:2014 5208:2014 5177:2022 5159:ISBN 5138:2019 5107:2023 5094:ISBN 5053:ISBN 5015:ISBN 4987:2022 4969:ISBN 4948:2020 4930:ISBN 4889:ISBN 4868:2020 4850:ISBN 4818:ISBN 4697:and 4686:and 4647:and 4630:and 4415:and 4348:and 3922:and 3614:and 3516:and 3463:and 3445:and 3433:and 3372:and 3227:Sony 3054:and 2863:and 2826:and 2659:and 2639:and 2567:Past 2557:N/A 2543:1980 2209:and 2150:Past 2140:N/A 2086:N/A 2046:N/A 1955:1962 1913:MGM+ 1657:Past 1550:(5%) 1440:Hulu 1205:Vudu 994:BET+ 821:Hayu 802:(JV) 558:and 491:and 467:and 425:Sony 411:and 385:and 170:and 166:are 13058:Art 13026:Art 12391:War 12339:Spy 11585:Art 11324:Eco 10999:Sex 10917:Art 10145:MGM 9786:MWM 9380:XTR 8896:MRC 8687:2AM 8674:A24 4705:'s 4579:RCA 4573:FBO 4350:CBS 4346:HBO 4258:AOL 4216:of 4062:MGM 3990:VH1 3982:BET 3978:MTV 3857:, ( 3807:NBC 3805:'s 3785:NBC 3733:MCA 3719:MCA 3700:MCA 3656:MCA 3652:MCA 3644:MCA 3499:by 3469:). 3331:of 3247:MCA 3216:'s 3212:by 3187:'s 3181:CBS 3173:HBO 3171:), 3004:RKO 2998:'s 2996:RCA 2913:Roy 2782:on 2772:Sam 2770:, 2751:in 2687:MGM 2625:). 2490:VOD 2486:OTT 2074:2AM 2055:A24 1826:VOD 1822:OTT 1197:Max 1002:My5 655:VOD 651:OTT 528:A24 526:), 356:in 336:in 316:in 296:in 276:in 13426:: 13006:3D 7916:. 7887:. 7883:. 7857:. 7833:. 7808:. 7780:. 7776:. 7751:. 7720:. 7693:. 7689:. 7662:. 7658:. 7631:. 7627:. 7600:. 7596:. 7569:. 7565:. 7534:. 7508:. 7504:. 7478:. 7474:. 7448:. 7444:. 7417:. 7413:. 7386:. 7380:. 7353:. 7349:. 7322:. 7318:. 7291:. 7287:. 7260:. 7256:. 7223:. 7197:. 7193:. 7181:^ 7163:. 7159:. 7128:. 7096:. 7071:. 7065:. 7054:^ 7037:. 7031:. 6979:. 6975:. 6949:. 6945:. 6894:. 6890:. 6864:. 6860:. 6829:. 6725:. 6699:^ 6620:. 6616:. 6585:. 6559:. 6555:. 6537:. 6525:. 6521:. 6502:. 6476:. 6472:. 6446:. 6442:. 6416:. 6412:. 6381:. 6370:^ 6361:. 6350:. 6346:. 6314:. 6289:. 6258:. 6232:. 6207:. 6176:. 6164:^ 6146:. 6103:. 6048:. 6021:. 5992:. 5986:. 5959:. 5955:. 5936:. 5910:^ 5900:. 5888:. 5884:. 5853:. 5815:. 5811:. 5767:. 5756:. 5752:. 5721:. 5695:. 5691:. 5679:^ 5657:. 5642:^ 5593:. 5565:. 5546:. 5528:. 5497:^ 5487:. 5481:. 5454:. 5450:. 5424:. 5420:. 5402:. 5390:. 5384:. 5353:. 5341:^ 5324:. 5320:. 5294:. 5290:. 5277:^ 5259:. 5255:. 5229:. 5225:. 5198:. 5194:. 5167:. 5124:. 5061:. 5023:. 4995:^ 4977:. 4938:. 4914:^ 4897:. 4858:. 4832:^ 4816:. 4653:.) 4533:, 4316:, 4276:) 4194:, 4190:, 4139:, 4040:, 4036:, 3992:, 3988:, 3984:, 3980:, 3889:.) 3883:GE 3851:.) 3833:GE 3819:GE 3777:.) 3755:.) 3739:.) 3725:) 3709:.) 3688:.) 3654:. 3585:.) 3503:, 3457:, 3365:. 3257:, 2869:. 2851:, 2820:, 2766:, 2677:, 2673:, 2469:) 1805:) 1187:ja 664:CA 660:US 611:) 471:. 460:. 439:in 401:. 393:, 230:, 226:, 222:, 94:. 11525:) 11521:( 10858:e 10851:t 10844:v 8128:e 8121:t 8114:v 8077:. 8062:. 8047:. 8032:. 8017:. 8002:. 7987:. 7972:. 7957:. 7927:. 7901:. 7868:. 7843:. 7818:. 7794:. 7761:. 7736:. 7705:. 7674:. 7643:. 7612:. 7581:. 7550:. 7519:. 7489:. 7459:. 7429:. 7398:. 7365:. 7334:. 7303:. 7272:. 7241:. 7209:. 7175:. 7144:. 7114:. 7082:. 7048:. 7016:. 6990:. 6960:. 6930:. 6905:. 6875:. 6845:. 6737:. 6632:. 6601:. 6571:. 6488:. 6457:. 6428:. 6397:. 6331:. 6300:. 6275:. 6244:. 6218:. 6192:. 6158:. 6119:. 6089:. 6032:. 6003:. 5971:. 5869:. 5826:. 5796:. 5737:. 5707:. 5673:. 5636:. 5609:. 5578:. 5466:. 5436:. 5369:. 5335:. 5305:. 5271:. 5241:. 5210:. 5179:. 5140:. 5109:. 5072:. 5034:. 4989:. 4950:. 4908:. 4870:. 4826:. 4690:) 4676:) 4589:) 4419:) 4401:) 4324:) 4296:) 4230:) 4008:) 3937:) 3926:) 3896:) 3873:/ 3793:/ 3636:) 2715:. 2525:) 2506:( 2488:/ 2465:( 2430:/ 2241:/ 2161:/ 2105:) 2101:( 1939:) 1935:( 1844:) 1840:( 1824:/ 1801:( 1720:. 1476:) 1472:( 1229:) 1225:( 1030:) 1026:( 849:) 845:( 680:) 676:( 662:/ 653:/ 636:/ 627:/ 607:( 149:5 137:4 125:3 113:2 101:1 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Major film studios

Index