1329:
Majha in
Punjabi means the heartland. The region is divided into three districts: 1. Amritsar, 2. Gurdaspur, 3. Tarn Taran. Doaba: The rivers Sutlei in the south and Beas in the North bound the Doaba of Puniab. The Doaba region is divided into four districts: 1. Jalandhar, 2. Nawanshahr, 3. Kapurthala, 4. Hoshiarpur. Malwa: The area south of the river Sutlej is called Malwa. The name has stuck because a clan called Molois (sometimes written as Malawis in ancient works) once ruled this area, which must have spread up to present State of Gujrat which was known as the Subah of Malwa as late as the Mughul times. Malwa the largest part of the Punjab is divided into the following 12 districts after the names of their headquarters: 1. Bathinda, 2. Barnala, 3. Faridkot, 4. Fatehgarh Sahib, 5. Ferozepur, 6. Ludhiana, 7. Mansa, 8. Moga, 9. Sangrur, 10. Muktsar, 11. Patiala, 12. Rup Nagar, 13. SAS Nagar ā Mohali.
609:
42:
679:
847:
49:
1038:
838:
1328:
Regions of Punjab: The much-truncated India's portion of present Punjab is divided into three natural regions: The Maiha, The Doaba, The Malwa. Majha: Majha starts northward from the right bank of river Beas and stretches up to the Wagha village, which marks the boundary between India and
Pakistan.
1175:, who ruled the present-day Malwa region. It is probable that the Paramaras were descended from the ancient Malavas. However, they came to be called "Malavas" after they started ruling the Malwa region, which was named after the ancient Malavas. In the Yadava-prakasha's
721:... And by order of the Lord I went to release the chief of the Uttamabhadras, who had been besieged for the rainy season by the Malayas, and those Malayas fled at the mere roar (of my approaching) as it were, and were all made prisoners of the Uttamabhadra warriors.
1179:(c. 11th century), Avanti (the area around Ujjain) and Malava are stated to be identical. Thus, it appears that the present-day definition of Malwa became popular in the later half of the 10th century.
837:
636:
occupation of Punjab. They were probably headquartered at
Malavanagara (present-day Nagar Fort), where several thousands of their coins have been discovered. These coins bear the legend
1086:
kingdom. Like
Banabhatta, he describes Ujjayini ("Wu-she-yen-na") as a distinct territory, but unlike Banabhatta, he locates Malava to the west of Ujjayini. The 7th century
763:, whose) formidable rule was propitiated with the payment of all tributes, execution of orders and visits (to his court) for obeisance by such frontier rulers as those of
419:
405:
391:
377:
352:
338:
1156:
as well as the
Pushyabhuti inscriptions. The distinction between these Malava and Ujjain regions is also found in the writings of the 9th century Muslim historian
556:
s, after the name of their mother, Malavi. Although
Malavas are not specifically mentioned by Panini, his sutra V.3.117 mentions a group of tribes called
247:
1142:
in present-day eastern Malwa as the capital of the
Malavas, and Ujjayini (Ujjain) in present-day western Malwa as the capital of the distinct
682:
663:
It is also said that the
Malavas, originally residing in the Punjab region, migrated to Central India/Rajasthan due to the Huna invasion.
825:
who ruled in the Malwa region may have been a Malava clan, and may have been responsible for the name "Malwa" being applied to the region.
1860:
41:
660:
have been found in various parts of
Rajasthan, which suggests that the Malava influence extended to a wider part of Rajasthan.
474:
1791:
1770:
1749:
1706:
1302:
632:
Later, the
Malavas (or at least a large population of them) migrated to present-day Rajasthan, possibly as a result of the
580:
The location of the original homeland of the Malavas is not certain, but modern scholars generally connect them with the "
1049:
Approximate location of the Malavas within the Gupta Empire, and neighbouring polities in South Asia, circa 400-450 CE.
1855:
1161:
1045:
1292:
588:'s war against them. At the time of Alexander's invasion in the 4th century BCE, the Malloi lived in present-day
1319:
1540:
1275:
1203:
era for the first time in the Dholpur stone inscription of Chaitravamasakulam ruler Chaitarmahasena in 898 CE.
997:
993:
370:
1074:(also 7th century) locates Malava (transcribed as ę©čå©, "Mo-la-p'o") in present-day Gujarat, describing Kheta (
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
621:
1530:
1513:
1265:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1130:, the post-Gupta records distinguish between the territory of the Malavas and the region around Ujjain.
564:
includes the Malavas and the Kshudrakas in this group of tribes. The Malavas are also mentioned in the
1850:
1825:
917:
608:
1808:
1217:
165:
78:
1082:) as parts of the Malava country. Xuanzang suggests that this Malava country was a part of the
343:
1760:
1739:
1696:
670:
region in central India: this region was named after them some time after the 2nd century CE.
1781:
908:
1055:
Post-Gupta records attest to the Malava presence in multiple regions, including present-day
8:
1802:
1147:
1091:
1087:
585:
502:
470:
412:
1171:
From the 10th century onward, historical records use the term "Malavas" to refer to the
1601:
1593:
1464:
1111:
926:
887:
678:
633:
398:
69:
1098:, who defeated the Malavas, also locates them in present-day Gujarat. The 9th century
1812:
1787:
1766:
1745:
1702:
1605:
1585:
1536:
1298:
1271:
656:), and have been dated between 250 BCE and 250 CE. Several inscriptions dated in the
1845:
1577:
1172:
901:
809:
749:
581:
752:
inscription of Samudragupta names the Malavas among the tribes subjugated by him:
524:, which later came to be known as Vikram Samvat, was probably first used by them.
1728:
1717:
1326:. Photographs by Bhupinder Singh. Ludhiana, Punjab, India: Golden Point Pvt Lmt.
1213:
982:
940:
702:
490:
357:
201:
154:
134:
1488:
1244:
1188:
1143:
1056:
961:
894:
796:
780:
517:
482:
228:
1827:
Parasharprasna: Or the Baisakhi of Guru Gobind Sing (an Exposotion of Sikhism)
1581:
477:
in the 4th century BCE. Later, the Malavas migrated southwards to present-day
1839:
1816:
1589:
1152:
1107:
1095:
954:
875:
698:
613:
589:
506:
466:
450:
219:
210:
768:
705:, and the Malvas were crushed. The account appears in an inscription at the
251:
Location on the Malavas and contemporary South Asian polities circa 150 BCE.
1157:
975:
813:
760:
745:
741:
727:
706:
625:
597:
498:
494:
465:
tribe. The malavas are Malhi/malli people (Malloi) who were settled in the
1037:
1226:
1103:
1099:
968:
868:
846:
784:
690:
545:
540:
534:
532:
The Malavas are mentioned in several ancient Indian texts, including the
237:
174:
143:
48:
1597:
1569:
792:
1131:
714:
657:
593:
521:
263:
98:
748:, the Malavas most probably lived in Rajasthan and western Malwa. The
697:
Around 120 CE, the Malavas are mentioned as besieging the king of the
584:" or "Malloi" mentioned in the ancient Greek accounts, which describe
1574:
The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
1442:
1440:
1212:
Soma, under whom the Malavas re-asserted their independence from the
933:
822:
788:
686:
569:
478:
384:
1270:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 145, map XIV.1 (d).
489:. Their power gradually declined as a result of defeats against the
1083:
1079:
1071:
947:
861:
772:
764:
710:
116:
107:
89:
1617:
1615:
1437:
1191:
is associated with the Malavas. Initially it was mentioned as the
273:
1139:
1060:
486:
192:
125:
56:
1535:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 145, map XIV.1.
1354:
1352:
701:
to the south, but the Uttamabhadras were finally rescued by the
1730:
Indigenous states of northern India, circa 200 B.C. to 320 A.D.
1612:
1549:
1398:
1396:
1339:
1337:
1168:, raided Uzain (Ujjain) and al-Malibah (Malava) around 725 CE.
1127:
776:
1649:
1647:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1493:
1294:
Alexander the Great: Lessons from History's Undefeated General
1150:
king Rajyavardhana around 605 CE, as attested by Banabhatta's
1671:
1469:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1349:
1239:
1165:
1123:
1075:
667:
549:
513:
462:
437:
1393:
1334:
1659:
1644:
1627:
1425:
1408:
1376:
1804:
Personal and Geographical Names in the Gupta Inscriptions
1762:
Historical Geography of Madhya Pradesh from Early Records
1364:
799:, PrÄrjunas, SanakÄnÄ«kas, KÄkas, Kharaparikas and other (
1122:
Although the region that ultimately came to be known as
552:
king Ashvapati, the father of Savitri were known as the
1110:
country (southern Gujarat) to check the advance of the
673:
1741:
Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India
560:
s (those who live by the profession of arms) and the
1318:
Grover, Parminder Singh; Singh, Davinderjit (2011).
592:, in the area to the north of the confluence of the
1758:
1446:
1199:era. Most probably this era was mentioned as the
1837:
1783:Geography from Ancient Indian Coins & Seals
1779:
1694:
1677:
1499:
1475:
740:In the 4th century CE, during the reign of the
689:, a branch of the Malavas, and contemporary of
1800:
1402:
1343:
1146:kingdom. This Malava king was defeated by the
1320:"Section 1: Introduction ā Regions of Punjab"
1117:
1737:
1665:
1653:
1638:
1621:
1555:
1528:
1419:
1387:
1263:
1823:
1726:
1431:
1358:
1317:
735:
641:
1036:
683:Gangadhar Stone Inscription of ViÅvavarman
1722:. Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.
1715:
1370:
1187:The era, which later became known as the
677:
607:
1567:
1311:
1225:Bandhuvarman, his son and feudatory of
666:The Malavas ultimately migrated to the
1838:
1463:Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol 3
1459:
1457:
1455:
1324:Discover Punjab: Attractions of Punjab
1066:
989:
952:
945:
931:
906:
899:
892:
603:
217:
208:
199:
190:
87:
76:
67:
1515:Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol. 3
1511:
1290:
959:
938:
924:
885:
880:
866:
843:
181:
172:
163:
132:
123:
114:
96:
45:
1698:Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas
966:
915:
873:
859:
852:
828:
674:Conflict against the Western Satraps
235:
226:
141:
105:
54:
1452:
980:
518:region of Punjab with the same name
13:
1861:Former republics in Indian history
973:
152:
14:
1872:
1297:. St. Martin's Publishing Group.
1102:records state that their emperor
726:Inscription in Cave No.10 of the
1532:A Historical atlas of South Asia
1529:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
1267:A Historical atlas of South Asia
1264:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
1182:
1106:stationed governor Kakka in the
845:
836:
516:region in central India and the
417:
403:
389:
375:
350:
336:
47:
40:
1687:
1561:
1522:
1505:
1481:
520:are both named after them. The
1512:Fleet, John Faithfull (1888).
1284:
1257:
527:
31:4th century BCEā7th century CE
1:
1291:Yenne, Bill (13 April 2010).
1250:
1759:P. K. Bhattacharyya (1977).
810:Allahabad pillar inscription
622:Allahabad Pillar inscription
575:
7:
1233:
10:
1877:
1222:Vishvavarman circa 423 CE.
1118:Present-day Madhya Pradesh
548:, the hundred sons of the
371:Kingdom of Malwa (350ā545)
1582:10.1017/S0035869X00034109
1206:
433:
315:
311:
301:
291:
287:
279:
269:
259:
35:
30:
23:
1856:Ancient peoples of India
1780:Parmanand Gupta (1989).
1695:Ashvini Agrawal (1989).
1487:Epigraphia Indica Vol.8
1447:P. K. Bhattacharyya 1977
1138:(7th century) describes
736:Conflict with the Guptas
1801:Tej Ram Sharma (1978).
1765:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1744:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1733:University of Calcutta.
1719:Tribes in Ancient India
1701:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1164:, the Arab governor of
783:, and, by the MÄlavas,
501:(4th century), and the
1568:Burgess, Jas. (1906).
819:
733:
694:
651:victory of the Malavas
629:
493:(2nd century CE), the
344:Avanti (Ancient India)
303:ā¢ Disestablished
1738:D. C. Sircar (1971).
754:
719:
681:
611:
264:Aristocratic Republic
1830:. Hind. p. 340.
1824:Kapur Singh (1959).
1727:Bela Lahiri (1974).
1678:Ashvini Agrawal 1989
1500:Ashvini Agrawal 1989
1476:Parmanand Gupta 1989
1195:era and then as the
481:, and ultimately to
248:class=notpageimage|
16:Ancient Indian tribe
1807:. Concept. p.
1624:, pp. 206ā207.
1558:, pp. 207ā208.
1403:Tej Ram Sharma 1978
1361:, pp. 262ā278.
1344:Tej Ram Sharma 1978
1216:after the death of
1067:Present-day Gujarat
808:Lines 22ā23 of the
612:The name "Malava" (
604:Southward migration
544:. According to the
413:Gurjara Confederacy
293:ā¢ Established
1716:B. C. Law (1973).
1570:"Mo-la-p'o, ę© č å©"
1160:, who states that
1112:Gurjara-Pratiharas
1088:Aihole inscription
1078:) and Anandapura (
695:
630:
399:Kingdom of Valabhi
1793:978-81-7022-248-4
1772:978-81-208-3394-4
1751:978-81-208-0690-0
1708:978-81-208-0592-7
1666:D. C. Sircar 1971
1654:D. C. Sircar 1971
1639:D. C. Sircar 1971
1622:D. C. Sircar 1971
1556:D. C. Sircar 1971
1420:D. C. Sircar 1971
1388:D. C. Sircar 1971
1373:, pp. 60ā65.
1304:978-0-230-10640-6
1214:Sakas of Ujjayini
829:Post-Gupta period
816:(r.c.350-375 CE).
558:ayudhajivi samgha
443:
442:
429:
428:
425:
424:
363:
362:
1868:
1851:History of Malwa
1831:
1820:
1797:
1776:
1755:
1734:
1723:
1712:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1625:
1619:
1610:
1609:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1518:. pp. 6ā10.
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1450:
1444:
1435:
1432:Kapur Singh 1959
1429:
1423:
1417:
1406:
1400:
1391:
1385:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1359:Bela Lahiri 1974
1356:
1347:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1261:
1040:
1032:
987:
978:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
929:
922:
913:
904:
897:
890:
883:
878:
871:
864:
857:
850:
849:
840:
817:
750:Allahabad Pillar
731:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
461:were an ancient
421:
420:
407:
406:
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392:
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1305:
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1278:
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1209:
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1120:
1069:
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865:
860:
858:
855:
853:
851:
844:
841:
831:
818:
807:
738:
732:
725:
703:Western Satraps
676:
653:
650:
647:
644:
638:Malavanam jayah
616:: š«šš«šøššÆ
606:
578:
530:
509:(7th century).
491:Western Satraps
469:at the time of
453:: š«šš«šøššÆ
418:
404:
390:
376:
358:Western Satraps
351:
337:
304:
297:4th century BCE
294:
255:
254:
253:
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250:
244:
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57:
55:
53:
46:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1874:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1833:
1832:
1821:
1798:
1792:
1777:
1771:
1756:
1750:
1735:
1724:
1713:
1707:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1670:
1668:, p. 210.
1658:
1656:, p. 209.
1643:
1641:, p. 208.
1626:
1611:
1560:
1548:
1541:
1521:
1504:
1502:, p. 119.
1492:
1480:
1468:
1451:
1449:, p. 147.
1436:
1434:, p. 340.
1424:
1422:, p. 206.
1407:
1405:, p. 147.
1392:
1390:, p. 205.
1375:
1371:B. C. Law 1973
1363:
1348:
1346:, p. 148.
1333:
1310:
1303:
1283:
1276:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1245:Malwa (Punjab)
1242:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1220:
1208:
1205:
1189:Vikrama Samvat
1184:
1181:
1119:
1116:
1068:
1065:
1057:Madhya Pradesh
1048:
1044:
1043:
1035:
842:
835:
834:
833:
832:
830:
827:
805:
737:
734:
723:
685:, king of the
675:
672:
605:
602:
577:
574:
529:
526:
483:Madhya Pradesh
441:
440:
435:
431:
430:
427:
426:
423:
422:
415:
409:
408:
401:
395:
394:
387:
381:
380:
373:
364:
361:
360:
355:
347:
346:
341:
329:
328:
323:
313:
312:
309:
308:
307:7th century CE
305:
302:
299:
298:
295:
292:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
277:
276:
271:
267:
266:
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246:
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39:
38:
37:
36:
33:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1873:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1829:
1828:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1680:, p. 58.
1679:
1674:
1667:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1552:
1544:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:, p. 33.
1477:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1372:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:Malavagan era
1180:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1153:Harshacharita
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1115:
1114:into Malava.
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:Pulakeshin II
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1046:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
986:
977:
970:
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
912:
903:
896:
889:
877:
870:
863:
848:
839:
826:
824:
815:
811:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:(Lines 22ā23)
753:
751:
747:
743:
729:
722:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
699:Uttamabhadras
692:
688:
684:
680:
671:
669:
664:
661:
659:
639:
635:
628:(350-375 CE).
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:Brahmi script
610:
601:
599:
595:
591:
590:Punjab region
587:
583:
573:
571:
568:(IV.1.68) of
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:
537:
536:
525:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
507:Pulakeshin II
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
467:Punjab region
464:
460:
456:
452:
451:Brahmi script
448:
439:
436:
434:Today part of
432:
416:
414:
411:
410:
402:
400:
397:
396:
388:
386:
383:
382:
374:
372:
369:
368:
365:
359:
356:
349:
348:
345:
342:
335:
334:
331:
330:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
314:
310:
306:
300:
296:
290:
286:
282:
278:
275:
272:
268:
265:
262:
258:
249:
241:
232:
223:
214:
205:
196:
187:
178:
169:
160:
149:
138:
129:
120:
111:
102:
93:
84:
73:
64:
62:
50:
43:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1826:
1803:
1782:
1761:
1740:
1729:
1718:
1697:
1688:Bibliography
1673:
1661:
1573:
1563:
1551:
1531:
1524:
1514:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1427:
1366:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1293:
1286:
1266:
1259:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1176:
1170:
1158:Al-Baladhuri
1151:
1135:
1121:
1070:
1054:
976:HEPHTHALITES
820:
814:Samudragupta
800:
761:Samudragupta
756:
755:
746:Samudragupta
739:
728:Nashik Caves
720:
707:Nashik Caves
696:
665:
662:
637:
631:
626:Samudragupta
617:
579:
565:
561:
557:
553:
539:
533:
531:
511:
499:Samudragupta
458:
454:
446:
444:
326:Succeeded by
325:
320:
183:
58:
18:
1786:. Concept.
1576:: 220ā222.
1227:Kumaragupta
1218:Rudrasena I
1148:Pushyabhuti
1104:Govinda III
1100:Rashtrakuta
969:ALCHON HUNS
927:TRAITAKUTAS
869:ARJUNAYANAS
785:ÄrjunÄyanas
713:'s viceroy
691:Kumaragupta
566:Mahabhashya
546:Mahabharata
541:Mahabhashya
535:Mahabharata
528:Mahabharata
321:Preceded by
270:Legislature
239:HAN DYNASTY
176:ARJUNAYANAS
71:SATAVAHANAS
1840:Categories
1542:0226742210
1277:0226742210
1251:References
1197:Malavagans
1132:Banabhatta
856:400-450 CE
854:South-Asia
781:Kartį¹ipura
715:Ushavadata
709:, made by
658:Malava era
634:Indo-Greek
522:Malava era
260:Government
100:AUDUMBARAS
80:MAHAMEGHA-
59:South Asia
1817:249004782
1606:211514829
1590:0035-869X
1177:Vijayanti
1173:Paramaras
1136:Kadambari
1126:included
962:KAMARUPAS
948:SAMATATAS
934:VAKATAKAS
902:KALABHRAS
888:LICCHAVIS
862:YAUDHEYAS
823:Aulikaras
789:YaudhÄyas
693:, 423 CE.
687:Aulikaras
620:) in the
586:Alexander
576:Alexander
570:Patanjali
479:Rajasthan
471:Alexander
385:Chalukyas
158:BACTRIANS
109:YAUDHEYAS
91:SAMATATAS
1598:25210226
1234:See also
1092:Chalukya
1084:Maitraka
1080:Vadnagar
1072:Xuanzang
983:SASANIAN
941:KADAMBAS
918:SASANIAN
876:MADRAKAS
806:ā
793:MÄdrakas
773:KÄmarÅ«pa
765:Samataį¹a
744:emperor
724:ā
711:Nahapana
600:rivers.
596:and the
505:emperor
503:Chalukya
497:emperor
475:invasion
136:KUNINDAS
127:VRISHNIS
118:PAURAVAS
1846:Malavas
1489:p.78-79
1201:Vikrama
1140:Vidisha
1090:of the
1061:Gujarat
909:WESTERN
895:ABHIRAS
882:MALAVAS
797:ÄbhÄ«ras
645:
618:MmÄlava
562:Kashika
487:Gujarat
455:MmÄlava
447:Malavas
280:History
203:PANDYAS
194:SHUNGAS
185:MALAVAS
82:VAHANAS
61:150 BCE
25:Malavas
1815:
1790:
1769:
1748:
1705:
1604:
1596:
1588:
1539:
1301:
1274:
1207:Rulers
1162:Junayd
1144:Avanti
1128:Ujjain
985:EMPIRE
911:GANGAS
801:tribes
779:, and
777:NÄpÄla
769:įøavÄka
598:Chenab
554:Malava
463:Indian
459:Malwas
283:
230:LOULAN
221:CHERAS
212:CHOLAS
167:MITRAS
156:GRECO-
147:GREEKS
1602:S2CID
1594:JSTOR
1240:Malwa
1193:Krita
1166:Sindh
1124:Malwa
1094:king
1076:Kheda
955:GAUDA
742:Gupta
668:Malwa
582:Malli
550:Madra
514:Malwa
495:Gupta
457:) or
438:India
274:SabhÄ
145:INDO-
1813:OCLC
1788:ISBN
1767:ISBN
1746:ISBN
1703:ISBN
1586:ISSN
1537:ISBN
1465:p.72
1299:ISBN
1272:ISBN
1108:Lata
1059:and
1030:1400
1026:1250
1022:1175
1018:1000
998:-150
994:-500
991:MAPS
920:HIND
821:The
642:lit.
594:Ravi
538:and
512:The
485:and
445:The
1809:258
1578:doi
1134:'s
1014:600
1010:500
1006:350
1002:120
812:of
803:)."
624:of
473:'s
1842::
1811:.
1646:^
1629:^
1614:^
1600:.
1592:.
1584:.
1572:.
1454:^
1439:^
1410:^
1395:^
1378:^
1351:^
1336:^
1322:.
1063:.
795:,
791:,
787:,
775:,
771:,
767:,
717::
572:.
1819:.
1796:.
1775:.
1754:.
1711:.
1608:.
1580::
1545:.
1307:.
1280:.
1229:.
759:(
730:.
654:'
648:'
640:(
449:(
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