2377:, the oldest male member of the family. He would be the eldest maternal uncle of the family as well. The members of the Tharavadu consisted of mother, daughters, sons, sisters and brothers. The fathers and husbands had a very minimal role to play in the affairs of the Tharavadu. It was a true matrilineal affair. The Karanavar took all major decisions. He was usually autocratic. However, the consent of the eldest female member of the family was taken before implementing the decisions. This eldest female member would be his maternal grandmother, own mother, mother's sister, his own sister or a sister through his maternal lineage. Since the lineage was through the female members, the birth of a daughter was always welcomed. Each Tharavadu also has a
2957:
65:
293:
455:
149:
2544:
1863:
2564:
311:
329:
239:
3548:"*aH and *iH are demonstrative adjectives reconstructed for Proto-Dravidian, as they show variation in vowel length. When they occur in isolation they occur as ā, and ī but when they are followed by a consonant initial word then they appear as a- and i- as in Ta. appoẓutu 'that time'., : Te. appuḍu id. and Ta. ippoẓutu 'that time'., : Te.ippuḍu id. However, Modern Tamil has replaced ā, and ī with anda and inda but most Dravidian languages have preserved it."
2575:
203:
383:
2469:
473:
347:
221:
401:
527:
365:
275:
509:
2445:
185:
167:
693:
419:
1972:
3411:
257:
491:
437:
7521:
7496:
545:
103:
612:
598:
3078:
2554:
3125:
2337:
globe. J.V. Vilanilam, former Vice-Chancellor of the
University of Kerala; Sunny Luke, medical scientist and former professor of Medical Biotechnology at Adelphi University, New York; and Antony Palackal, professor of sociology at the Loyola College of Social Sciences in Thiruvananthapuram, have edited the book, besides making other contributions to it.
583:
2461:
the limitations of the materials, a mixed-mode of construction was evolved in
Malayali architecture. The stonework was restricted to the plinth even in important buildings such as temples. Laterite was used for walls. The roof structure in timber was covered with palm leaf thatching for most buildings and rarely with tiles for palaces or temples. The
2580:
2577:
2576:
6193:
Nettl, Bruno; Arnold, Alison; Stone, Ruth M.; Porter, James; Rice, Timothy; Olsen, Dale Alan; Miller, Terry E.; Kaeppler, Adrienne Lois; Sheehy, Daniel Edward; Koskoff, Ellen; Williams, Sean; Love, Jacob
Wainwright; Goertzen, Chris; Danielson, Virginia; Marcus, Scott Lloyd; Reynolds, Dwight; Provine,
2456:
Kerala, the ancestral land of the
Malayali people, has a tropical climate with excessive rains and intensive solar radiation. The architecture of this region has evolved to meet these climatic conditions by having the form of buildings with low walls, sloping roof and projecting caves. The setting of
1656:
is 51,100, which is only 0.15% of the total number, but is as much as about 84% of the population of
Lakshadweep. In all, Malayalis made up 3.22% of the total Indian population in 2001. Of the total 33,066,392 Malayalam speakers in India in 2001, 33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects, 19,643 spoke
2460:
Timber is the prime structural material abundantly available in many varieties in Kerala. Perhaps the skillful choice of timber, accurate joinery, artful assembly, and delicate carving of the woodwork for columns, walls and roofs frames are the unique characteristics of
Malayali architecture. From
2336:
in late 19th century CE. World
Malayali Council with its sister organisation, International Institute for Scientific and Academic Collaboration (IISAC) has come out with a comprehensive book on Kerala titled 'Introduction to Kerala Studies,’ specially intended for the Malayali diaspora across the
2192:
mode. In 19th century
Chavara Kuriakose Elias, the founder of Carmelites of Mary Immaculate and Congregation of Mother of Carmel congregations, contribute different streams in the Malayalam Literature. All his works are written between 1829 and 1870. Chavara's contribution to Malayalam literature
3460:
in the 11th century CE. What eventually crystallized into this style is thought to have been a product of existing South Indian styles of combat, combined with techniques brought by other cultures. Kalaripayattu may be one of the oldest martial arts in existence. The oldest western reference to
4629:
1950:
In 2017, a detailed study of the evolution of the
Singapore Malayalee community over a period of more than 100 years was published as a book: From Kerala to Singapore: Voices of the Singapore Malayalee Community. It is believed to be the first in-depth study of the presence of a NRI Malayalee
2579:
2581:
2463:
Kerala murals' are paintings with vegetable dyes on wet walls in subdued shades of brown. The indigenous adoption of the available raw materials and their transformation as enduring media for architectural expression thus became the dominant feature of the
Malayali style of
1640:. According to the Indian census of 2001, there were 30,803,747 speakers of Malayalam in Kerala, making up 93.2% of the total number of Malayalam speakers in India, and 96.7% of the total population of the state. There were a further 701,673 (2.1% of the total number) in
3814:
3271:. It consists of two sections. The lower bulkier portion is where the water for steaming is stored. The upper detachable leaner portion is separated from the lower portion by perforated lids so as to allow the steam to pass through and bake the rice powder.
4626:
4000:
2771:
However, many of these native art forms largely play to tourists or at youth festivals, and are not as popular among ordinary Keralites. Thus, more contemporary forms – including those heavily based on the use of often risqué and
4323:
2513:
in the center. The quadrangle is in every way the center of life in the house and very useful for the performance of rituals. The layout of these homes was simple, and catered to the dwelling of numerous people, usually part of a
2193:
includes, Chronicles, Poems – athmanuthapam (compunction of the soul), Maranaveettil Paduvanulla Pana (Poem to sing in the bereaved house) and Anasthasiayude Rakthasakshyam – and other Literary works . Contemporary
2501:). It was a typical house that was flanked by out-houses and utility structures. The large house-Nalukettu is constructed within a large compound. It was called Nalukettu because it consisted of four wings around a central
7343:
3806:
3653:(PDF), Department of Non-resident Keralite Affairs, Government of Kerala, p. 29. This is the number of emigrants from Kerala, which is closely related to but different from the actual number of Malayalis /Malayalees.
4085:
3052:
is a three-day water festival. It is conducted in Payippad Lake which is 35 km from Alappuzha district of Kerala state. There is a close relation between this Payippad boat race and Subramanya Swamy Temple in
1309:
According to the Indian census of 2011, there are approximately 33 million Malayalis in Kerala, making up 97% of the total population of the state. Malayali minorities are also found in the neighboring state of
3451:
Anthropologists estimate that Kalarippayattu dates back to at least the 12th century CE. The historian Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai attributes the birth of Kalaripayattu to an extended period of warfare between the
4929:
2578:
4001:
https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/learning-german-made-easy-for-keralites/article67334186.ece#:~:text=According%20to%202020%20statistics%2C%20there,various%20courses%20at%20German%20universities.
3612:
1665:. As per the 1991 census data, 28.85% of all Malayalam speakers in India spoke a second language and 19.64% of the total knew three or more languages. Malayalam was the most spoken language in erstwhile
4743:
2977:(snake boat) is the major item. Hence Vallam Kali is also known in English as Snake Boat Race and a major tourist attraction. Other types of boats which do participate in various events in the race are
3719:
2973:
is the race of country-made boats. It is mainly conducted during the season of the harvest festival Onam in Autumn. Vallam Kali include races of many kinds of traditional boats of Kerala. The race of
2006:(Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar and Rama Panikkar), whose works mark the dawn of both modern Malayalam language and indigenous Keralite poetry. Some linguists claim that an inscription found from
2930:
are folklore Muslim devotional songs in the Malayalam language. Mappila songs are composed in colloquial Malayalam and are sung in a distinctive tune. They are composed in a mixture of Malayalam and
2918:
of Kerala are closely connected to the serpent worship. One group among these people consider the snake gods as their presiding deity and performs certain sacrifices and sing songs. This is called
1859:
are estimated to be 229,800 in the year 2020 whereas the population of the Malayalee expatriates is approximately 2,000. They make up around 10 percent of the total number of Indians in Malaysia.
4089:
4305:
6463:
5008:
3744:
3896:
1889:, with their capital at Vanchi. The dynasty lent the region its name, uniting the entire coast under their suzerainty. The fall of the Cheras in the 15th century CE at the hands of the
2783: – have gained considerable mass appeal in recent years. Indeed, contemporary artists often use such modes to mock socioeconomic elites. Since 1930 when the first Malayalam film
2426:
which has in the recent years (post-Indian independence) ceased to exist. Christians, majority of the Muslims, and some Hindu castes such as the Namboothiris and some Ezhavas follow
3922:
3281:
is a pancake made of fermented batter. The batter is made of rice flour and fermented using either yeast or toddy, the local spirit. It is fried using a special frying pan called
3135:
Malayali cuisine is not homogeneous and regional variations are visible throughout. Spices form an important ingredient in almost all curries. Kerala is known for its traditional
6330:
4154:
3237:
is a culinary specialty in Kerala. It is a steamed rice cake which is a favorite breakfast of most Malayalis. It is served with either brown chickpeas cooked in a spicy gravy,
2922:. The song conducted by the pulluvar in serpent temples and snake groves is called Sarppapaattu, Naagam Paattu, Sarpam Thullal, Sarppolsavam, Paambum Thullal or Paambum Kalam.
6403:
4203:
2697:. Sarpam Thullal is usually performed in the courtyard of houses having snake shrines. This is a votive offering for family wealth and happiness. Kerala Natanam (കേരള നടനം) (
5458:
4902:
2686:
is performed as an offering to gods so as to get rid of poverty and illness. Velakali is another ritualistic art form, mainly performed at temples in the festival time.
6304:
4037:
3870:
3576:
4925:
5150:
3604:
2014:, which belongs to 3rd century CE (approximately 1,800 years old), is the oldest available inscription in Malayalam, as they contain two modern Malayalam words,
4570:
3048:
Thousands of people gather on the banks of the river Pamba to watch the snake boat races. Nearly 50 snake boats or chundan vallams participate in the festival.
4735:
6211:
3715:
3609:
The Indian Express. (This is the number of approximate emigrants from Kerala, which is closely related to, but different from the actual number of Malayalis.)
2748:. It combines both devotion and entertainment, and was performed by men in groups. Since 1980's women also have found groups. The dancers themselves sing the
2738:
is a popular form of social entertainment among the Muslim community. It is a form accompanied by clapping of hands, in which both men and women participate.
7348:
6361:
2732:
is a performing art form prevalent among the Muslim community. It is a group performance, staged as a social event during festivals and nuptial ceremonies.
3335:(a type of rice pancake) and ghee rice are some of the other specialties. The characteristic use of spices is the hallmark of Mappila cuisine. spices like
5064:
3978:
6489:
5807:(Malayalam ed.). Kozhikode: P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode. 2018. p. 454.
4715:(Malayalam ed.). Kozhikode: P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode. 2018. p. 453.
3918:
5958:
6057:
5029:
Freeman, Rich (2003). "Genre and Society: The Literary Culture of Premodern Kerala". In Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia
4548:
4404:
Mohammad, K.M. "Arab relations with Malabar Coast from 9th to 16th centuries" Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. Vol. 60 (1999), pp. 226–34.
4804:
4485:
3465:, a Portuguese explorer. The southern style, which stresses the importance of hand-to-hand combat, is slightly different than Kalari in the north.
1912:
in 150 AD. For that reason, a highly distinct culture was created among the Malayali due to centuries of contact with foreign cultures through the
1440:
which lie contiguous to Kerala in the southwestern coast of India, in addition to the modern state of Kerala. The people of Malabar were known as
4782:
1713:
are also Malayalis. As of 2011 India census, Mahé district of Union Territory of Puducherry had a population of 41,816, predominantly Malayalis.
6455:
4229:
5757:
5544:
5000:
3751:
2948:, forms the most important canon of popular music in India. Film music of Kerala in particular is the most popular form of music in the state.
5671:
3892:
6786:
5121:
4188:
Chandra Mallampalli, Christians and Public Life in Colonial South India, 1863–1937: Contending with Marginality, RoutledgeCurzon, 2004, p. 30
3838:"Knowledge of languages by age and gender: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts"
2143:-based poet also influenced a lot in the growth of modern Malayalam literature in its pre-mature form, through a new literary branch called
7335:
1893:
proved to be the catalyst of a distinct Malayali identity, wading away from the Tamil cultural sphere of influence over several millennia.
6429:
5615:
5189:
4119:
6596:(Malayalam ed.). Kozhikode: P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode. 2018.
6134:
5985:
5386:
5099:
3944:
6095:
5899:
5425:
4951:
6724:
6322:
5782:
5593:
5507:
5347:
4144:
3645:
6018:
1990:
spoken on the Malabar coast, and largely arose because of its geographical isolation from the rest of the Tamil speaking areas. The
7462:
7442:
6514:
6395:
5932:
4200:
5175:
The Indian Encyclopaedia: Biographical, Historical, Religious, Administrative, Ethnological, Commercial and Scientific. Mahi-Mewat
6651:
4518:
2457:
the building in the open garden plot was again necessitated by the requirement of wind for giving comfort in the humid climate.
5568:"Sea, Community and Language: A Study on the Origin and Development of Arabi- Malayalam Language of Mappila Muslims of Malabar"
5482:"Sea, community and language: a study on the origin and development of Arabi- Malayalam language of mappila muslims of Malabar"
4894:
3667:
132:
7133:
5808:
5694:
5048:
4776:
4716:
4658:
4439:
4317:
4034:
2165:
7059:
5284:
5245:
5217:
4871:
4843:
3862:
3428:. This type of martial arts was used as a defensive mechanism against intruders. In ancient times, disputes between nobles (
3569:
3065:, a city in Kerala. This boat race is one of the most popular Vallam Kali in Kerala. This festival is conducted to promote
2791:
had grown to become one of the popular means of expression for both works of fiction and social issues, and it remains so.
5146:
3784:
7412:
6521:
5646:
Pg 167, Mappila Muslims: a study on society and anti colonial struggles By Husain Raṇdathaṇi, Other Books, Kozhikode 2007
2768:
is a theatrical art form observed mainly by Kerala Latin Christians, dating back to the second half of the 16th century.
1319:
1174:
2758:
is another performing art which is popular among Nasranis. This is an artistic adaptation of the martial art of Kerala,
1398:
aged 18 to 30 are known to be either the third, fourth, or fifth generation living as a Malaysian citizen. According to
5419:
5380:
5341:
5278:
5183:
4459:
2709:(ഗുരു ഗോപിനാഥ്) a well-trained Kathakali artist and his wife Thankamani Gopinath developed this unique form of dance.
2690:
is a folk art in which dance performers move in a circle, striking small sticks and keeping rhythm with special steps.
2026:. Although this has been disputed by scholars who regard it as a regional dialect of Old Tamil. The use of the pronoun
5768:
Menon. T. Madhava. "A Handbook of Kerala, Volume 2", International School of Dravidian Linguistics, 2002. pp. 491-493.
2854:. It is sung, typically employing plain notes, to the accompaniment of the small, hourglass-shaped ethnic drum called
6791:
6615:
6583:
6259:
6205:
6170:
6128:
6089:
6051:
5893:
5448:
5093:
4683:
4603:
4577:
4260:
1900:, which for thousands of years has been a major center of the international spice trade, operating at least from the
5699:. Kulliyyah Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia. Archived from
4063:
2903:
are Malayali musicians. Also among the younger generations with wide acclaim and promise is Child Prodigy Violinist
2480:, was built with a traditional Malayali architecture style with a slight influence of early modern European elements
6829:
6278:
6195:
2151:, began following the latter half of 18th century CE. The first travelogue in any Indian language is the Malayalam
1804:. In 2010, the Census of Population of Singapore reported that there were 26,348 Malayalees in Singapore. The 2006
1685:
accounting for 21.2% and 15.4% respectively according to 1951 census report. 25.57% of the total population in the
5827:
3243:
and boiled small green lentils, or tiny ripe yellow Kerala plantains. In the highlands there is also a variety of
1322:
of India. Over the course of the later half of the 20th century, significant Malayali communities have emerged in
7566:
7556:
6353:
5962:
17:
3693:
2430:, a patrilineal system. Kerala's gender relations are among the most equitable in India and the Majority World.
6885:
6534:
5748:
Miller, Roland. E., "Mappila" in "The Encyclopedia of Islam". Volume VI. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 1987. pp. 458-56.
5727:
5068:
4541:"Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over: 2009-2013"
3479:
2073:
887:
2914:
as well. The king of Travancore, Swathi Thirunal patronaged and contributed much to the Hindustani Music. The
2644:. Mohiniyattam is a very sensual and graceful dance form that is performed both solo and in a group by women.
7472:
7422:
6834:
6806:
2230:
7417:
6486:
4454:
See Sahyadri Kanda Chapter 7 in Skanda Purana. Rocher, Ludo (1986). The Puranas. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
3970:
2197:
deals with social, political, and economic life context. The tendency of the modern poetry is often towards
3014:
1247:
729:
6041:
4540:
4361:
1931:
community, in particular, were very significant in shaping modern-day Malayali culture. Later, Portuguese
7355:
6801:
6796:
6778:
6644:
4285: – go to the website and click the link – language & literature to retrieve the information
3499:
3436:) were also settled by the outcome of a Kalaripayattu tournament. This ancient martial art is claimed as
2806:
can be established just by the fact that in Malayalam language, musical poetry was developed long before
2218:
2108:
2043:
5132:
4811:
4020:
1386:
in year 2020 is approximately 348,000, which makes up 12.5% of the total number of Indian population in
7561:
7551:
7511:
6857:
6607:
4276:
2721:
2381:(clan deity) revered by those in the particular Tharavadu. Temples were built to honour these deities.
2373:
system practiced in the state. Each Tharavadu has a unique name. The Tharavadu was administered by the
2177:
2158:
1785:
1402:, Malayalam was the name of the place, before it became the name of the language spoken by the people.
4766:
4112:"Welcome to Nionkairali.com - Indian Malayalees in Japan- Japan malayalees, Malayali, Keralite, Tokyo"
6950:
6935:
6915:
5855:
4223:
2510:
2202:
2038:
ending are archaisms from Proto-Dravidian rather than unique innovations of Malayalam. The origin of
1741:
1251:
897:
705:
4429:
2701:
Dance) is a new style of dance that is now recognized as a distinct classical art form evolved from
2526:(sixteen halls with four central courtyards) are the more elaborate forms of the same architecture.
7546:
6910:
6852:
4111:
3837:
3313:
food culture. This confluence of culinary cultures is best seen in the preparation of most dishes.
2826:, and later inside temples. Sopanam came to prominence in the wake of the increasing popularity of
2384:
Kerala's society is less patriarchal than the rest of India. Certain Hindu communities such as the
2173:
2120:
1323:
1314:, mainly in Kanyakumari district and Nilgiri district and Dakshina Kannada and Kodagu districts of
1116:
892:
708:
3805:
7541:
7019:
6562:
4983:
3489:
3058:
2745:
2717:
2250:
1921:
1167:
916:
4201:
http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/data_on_language.html
7108:
6970:
6637:
6425:
5625:
5173:
3948:
3002:
2964:
2956:
2637:
2439:
2288:
2112:
1909:
1543:
1275:
859:
849:
820:
724:
6118:
5981:
5370:
5083:
4627:
Statistics New Zealand:Language spoken (total responses) for the 1996–2006 censuses (Table 16)
3287:
and is served with egg curry, chicken curry, mutton stew, vegetable curry and chickpea curry.
2875:(semi-Brahmin) castes engaged to do it as their hereditary profession. Kerala is also home of
1947:, which arrived after 1498 left their mark through colonialism and pillaging their resources.
1350:
and to a lesser extent, other developed nations with a primarily immigrant background such as
6862:
6824:
6819:
6699:
6079:
5883:
5778:
5409:
3049:
3045:. The President's Trophy Boat Race is a popular event conducted in Ashtamudi Lake in Kollam.
2883:, Shadkala Govinda Maarar, Sangitha Vidwan Gopala Pillai Bhagavathar, Chertala Gopalan Nair,
2773:
2333:
1475:
1459:
1399:
1299:
1215:
1131:
830:
825:
38:
6160:
5567:
5532:
Poetics of Piety Devoting and Self Fashioning in the Mappila Literary Culture of South India
5481:
5331:
4346:
2104:, the second-most for any Dravidian language and the third-highest for any Indian language.
64:
7467:
7452:
7330:
7123:
6940:
6774:
3529:
3519:
3504:
3484:
2795:
2682:
and to have developed from folk dances performed in conjunction with harvest celebrations.
2222:
2198:
2194:
2153:
2148:
2128:
2097:
1999:
1966:
1848:
has the highest population of Malayalis in a metropolitan area outside Kerala, followed by
1808:
census reported 2,139 speakers. 134 Malayalam speaking households were reported in 1956 in
1797:
1710:
1619:
1437:
1327:
854:
154:
7382:
3642:
2233:, had made valuable contributions to the modern Malayalam literature. Later, writers like
8:
7360:
7074:
6991:
6978:
6905:
6877:
6814:
6759:
6689:
6511:
6010:
5980:
Sciences, International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological (18 December 1980).
4959:
2892:
2531:
2405:
2260:
1780:. As of 2009–2013, there were approximately 146,000 people with Malayali heritage in the
1610:
temple. Hence the term Keralar seem to precede the usage of the word Malayala/Malayalam.
1551:
1487:
1212:
1045:
882:
765:
370:
5936:
5724:"Trade and culture: Indian ocean interaction on the coast of Malabar in medieval period"
2818:. Sopanam is religious in nature, and developed through singing invocatory songs at the
7387:
7261:
7251:
7079:
6895:
6867:
6754:
6729:
6709:
6694:
6233:
5453:
3494:
3089:
3030:
3022:
3010:
2888:
2712:
Performing arts in Kerala is not limited to a single religion of the Malayali society.
2417:
2272:
2039:
1447:
1425:
1395:
1383:
1283:
1196:
1160:
1121:
760:
7432:
7427:
7407:
7392:
7374:
7113:
7091:
7069:
7039:
7001:
6974:
6955:
6900:
6764:
6744:
6671:
6579:
6255:
6201:
6166:
6124:
6085:
6047:
6011:"Classical Dances of India - Indian Classical Dances, Indian Dances, Dances of India"
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5585:
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5126:
5089:
5044:
4772:
4689:
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4654:
4609:
4599:
4455:
4435:
4313:
4256:
4007:
3777:"In the Australia, 18% of people spoke a language other than English at home in 2011"
3445:
3119:
3066:
3061:
is a boat race festival celebrated in the last week of December in the backwaters of
2904:
2847:
2827:
2803:
2543:
2328:
2276:
2060:
1991:
1876:
1670:
1599:
1255:
1136:
1126:
995:
864:
683:
2563:
7189:
7049:
6749:
5663:
5575:
5536:
5489:
5216:. E.G. Smith for the U.S. Library of Congress Office, New Delhi. 1994. p. 21.
3663:
3524:
3514:
3025:) of the Malayalam month Midhunam, the day of the installation of the deity at the
2941:
2911:
2884:
2788:
2764:
2754:
2214:
2210:
2111:" in 2013, it developed into the current form mainly by the influence of the poets
1980:
1932:
1801:
1559:
1287:
1263:
1051:
780:
770:
6197:
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent
5700:
2303:
features - which was developed during the early medieval period and used to write
2205:
have contributed much to Malayalam drama. In the second half of the 20th century,
1940:
1677:
which accounts for 48.8% population and it was the second most spoken language in
7281:
7266:
7256:
6734:
6663:
6619:
6573:
6518:
6493:
5306:
5268:
5239:
5211:
4865:
4837:
4633:
4510:
4391:
4207:
3649:
3302:
2931:
2665:
2589:
2422:
2304:
2284:
2256:
2136:
2084:
1986:
According to scholars, the Malayalam language is descended from a dialect of the
1862:
1796:
reported 7,070 people who listed Malayalam as their mother tongue, mostly in the
1793:
1702:
1698:
1686:
1291:
1111:
805:
790:
785:
775:
755:
31:
4944:
2693:
Many ancient Malayali family houses in Kerala have special snake shrines called
1624:
Malayalam is a language spoken by the native people of southwestern India (from
7304:
7271:
7128:
7118:
7103:
7011:
6890:
4434:. Servants of Knowledge. Superintendent, Government Press (Madras). p. 1.
3807:"India-born Malayalam-speaking community in Australia: Some interesting trends"
3509:
3462:
3306:
3006:
2974:
2945:
2876:
2784:
2713:
2473:
2367:
2359:
2307:
until the early 20th century CE. Though the script originated and developed in
2226:
2132:
2101:
1987:
1717:
1607:
1507:
1363:
1010:
800:
795:
334:
3776:
1881:
During the ancient period, the people of present-day Kerala were ruled by the
1390:
that makes them the second biggest Indian ethnic group in Malaysia, after the
936:
123:
84:
7535:
6960:
6920:
6704:
6684:
6679:
6567:. Thiruvananthapuram: Department of Information and Public Relations, Kerala.
6194:
Robert C.; Tokumaru, Yoshihiko; Witzleben, John Lawrence (18 December 1998).
5589:
5503:
4988:. Thiruvananthapuram: Department of Information and Public Relations, Kerala.
4693:
4676:
From Kerala to Singapore : voices from the Singapore Malayalee community
4613:
4596:
From Kerala to Singapore : Voices from the Singapore Malayalee community
4059:
3453:
3425:
3419:
2923:
2900:
2896:
2880:
2759:
2706:
2567:
2296:
2280:
2268:
2246:
2234:
2093:
2065:
2047:
2007:
2003:
1936:
1897:
1890:
1882:
1781:
1761:
1666:
1594:
1571:
1514:
mention Malabar ports in their works. The Arab writers had called this place
1420:
1359:
1282:. Before that, the Malabar District was under various kingdoms including the
1271:
1231:
1092:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1025:
1015:
1000:
815:
810:
750:
745:
244:
70:
3229:
is an essential ingredient in most of the food items and is liberally used.
7525:
7500:
7402:
7309:
7179:
7169:
7064:
7024:
6945:
6930:
4139:
4137:
4086:"Väestö 31.12. Muuttujina Maakunta, Kieli, Ikä, Sukupuoli, Vuosi ja Tiedot"
3336:
3141:, a vegetarian meal served with boiled rice and a host of side-dishes. The
3062:
3026:
2831:
2670:
2657:
2625:
2586:
2557:
2370:
1944:
1813:
1682:
1511:
1482:, which clearly gave its name to Malabar ('the country of Male'). The name
1410:
Malayalam, the native language of Malayalis, has its origin from the words
1335:
1267:
1141:
1087:
1082:
1057:
1005:
941:
615:
208:
3017:
is the oldest and most popular Vallam Kali in Kerala. The race is held on
7477:
7225:
7220:
7164:
7138:
7034:
6739:
6719:
6612:
5882:
Osella, Filippo; Caroline, Filippo; Osella, Caroline (20 December 2000).
3383:
3018:
2970:
2648:
is a traditional performing art form from Kerala, which is recognised by
2300:
2259:(also called Mappila Malayalam and Moplah Malayalam) was the traditional
2242:
2185:
1917:
1913:
1805:
1773:
1757:
1653:
1649:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1379:
1371:
1295:
1279:
1239:
1223:
1035:
965:
605:
460:
388:
126:
6282:
5580:
5540:
5494:
4134:
3410:
2674:(another performing art), which was open only for higher castes to see.
7293:
7174:
6996:
5667:
3159:
is, as per custom, served on a banana leaf. Traditional dishes include
2960:
2937:
2872:
2835:
2799:
2741:
2725:
2645:
2477:
2468:
2051:
1753:
1737:
1693:
are Malayalis, in which Malayalis form the largest linguistic group in
1674:
1641:
1311:
1259:
976:
42:
5812:
4720:
2860:, besides the chengila or the handy metallic gong to sound the beats.
7457:
7246:
7230:
7154:
6844:
5860:
5832:
5620:
5530:
4149:
3256:
3107:
3103:
2702:
2621:
2547:
2515:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2449:
2316:
2238:
2181:
2089:
2078:
2023:
1995:
1960:
1901:
1886:
1849:
1789:
1769:
1749:
1733:
1729:
1720:
attracted many Malayalis. Large numbers of Malayalis have settled in
1690:
1678:
1645:
1625:
1495:
1470:. The first element of the name, however, is attested already in the
1433:
1367:
1355:
1315:
1243:
971:
657:
565:
478:
352:
298:
5723:
5657:
4380:, Madras District Gazetteers (Madras: Government Press, 1915), p. 2.
3769:
3689:
2678:
is a ritualistic art form of Malayalis, which is thought to predate
2444:
2002:
is ancient in origin, and includes such figures as the 14th century
6986:
6925:
5779:"National Virtual Translation Center - Arabic script for malayalam"
3474:
3375:
3340:
3034:
2915:
2868:
2679:
2346:
2312:
2206:
2140:
1856:
1694:
1579:
1442:
1387:
1351:
1303:
1020:
946:
931:
921:
586:
406:
226:
1378:. As of 2013, there were an estimated 1.6 million ethnic Malayali
7482:
7437:
7314:
7299:
7184:
7159:
7054:
7044:
6624:
6005:
6003:
3391:
3371:
3363:
3348:
3331:
3294:
3226:
3054:
3038:
2815:
2776:
2687:
2683:
2675:
2609:
2409:
2401:
2393:
2292:
2264:
2011:
1925:
1905:
1845:
1817:
1721:
1706:
1331:
1205:
926:
532:
514:
424:
280:
6629:
6512:
A South Indian Martial Art and the Yoga and Ayurvedic Paradigms.
5535:(PhD). The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad.
5082:
Natarajan, Nalini; Nelson, Emmanuel Sampath (18 December 1996).
1971:
692:
7447:
7289:
7215:
7029:
6660:
6625:
Sarva Malayalee Association France - Occitanie (SAMA Occitanie)
5411:
Clearing a Space: Reflections On India, Literature, and Culture
5329:
3457:
3441:
3359:
3298:
3077:
3042:
2864:
2856:
2851:
2842:(music), as the very name suggests, is sung by the side of the
2811:
2780:
2735:
2698:
2649:
2553:
2397:
2389:
2363:
2320:
2308:
2189:
2116:
2055:
1928:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1777:
1765:
1745:
1661:
dialect and 31,329 spoke non-standard regional variations like
1563:
1391:
1375:
1347:
1235:
1219:
1062:
1040:
1030:
667:
496:
442:
316:
190:
117:
30:
This article is about the ethnic group. For the 2009 film, see
6323:"Kerala's Favourite Breakfast: How to Make Soft Puttu at Home"
6000:
4482:"South Kanara, The Nilgiris, Malabar and Coimbators Districts"
2798:, which is believed to have started developing by 9th century
2604:. The art forms of Malayalis are classified into three types:
2180:) are recognized for moving Keralite poetry away from archaic
1274:. The Malabar District was annexed by the British through the
611:
597:
7397:
7205:
7006:
6714:
5885:
Social Mobility in Kerala: Modernity and Identity in Conflict
4926:"Celebrated Malayalam poet Akkitham wins 2019 Jnanpith Award"
3945:"2018 Census Totals by Topic – National Highlights (Updated)"
3367:
3344:
3318:
3290:
3276:
3129:
3124:
3099:
2819:
2807:
2413:
2385:
2124:
2046:
of 849/850 CE is the available oldest inscription written in
1825:
1725:
1463:
1343:
1227:
601:
550:
172:
108:
6084:. Icon Group International, Incorporated. 19 December 2008.
5696:
Islam in Malabar (1460-1600) : a socio-cultural study /
5266:
4280:
4228:. South Korea: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 2015.
4179:. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 11 November 2011.
1705:
according to the 2011 census, which is native to Kodagu and
1606:(The Ruby King of Kerala), synonymous with the deity of the
7210:
5771:
5616:"Mappila songs cultural fountains of a bygone age, says MT"
5204:
3310:
3095:
3081:
2823:
2493:
is a quadrangular building constructed after following the
2042:
dates back to year 825 CE. It is generally agreed that the
1821:
1809:
1454:
was used as a general name for Kerala, along with the term
1339:
262:
5368:
3836:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (17 August 2022).
3745:"The People of Australia: Statistics from the 2011 Census"
1812:. There is also a considerable Malayali population in the
1418:
meaning "land" or "locality". Kerala was usually known as
6527:
5299:
4870:. Vidyarthi Mithram Press & Book Depot. p. 408.
2420:
used to follow a traditional matrilineal system known as
1829:
1613:
4598:. Puva Arumugam. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Pte Ltd.
2654:
Masterpieces of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
6560:
4981:
4225:재외동포현황 총계(2015)/Total number of overseas Koreans (2015)
3282:
3274:
3266:
3260:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3136:
2027:
6192:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5659:
The rise and growth of Ponnani from 1498 AD To 1792 AD
4736:"Historians contest antiquity of Edakkal inscriptions"
2660:
is another performing art, which is also known as the
1250:. The state of Kerala was created in 1956 through the
7509:
6188:
6186:
6184:
6182:
5975:
5973:
4481:
3716:"SBS Census Explorer: How diverse is your community?"
3424:
Malayalis have their own form of martial arts called
2135:), in the 15th and the 16th centuries of Common Era.
2076:. The earliest known literary works in Malayalam are
582:
5881:
5232:
3835:
2295:
script, is a writing system - a variant form of the
6571:
6547:
Phillip B. Zarrilli, When the Body Becomes All Eyes
5914:
5449:"Indian's First Novel Wins Booker Prize in Britain"
4810:. Indian Journal History of Science. Archived from
4347:"Madras District Manuals - South Canara (Volume-I)"
3893:"Singapore Malayalee Association 100th Anniversary"
3094:Malayalis celebrate a variety of festivals, namely
2907:etc., who are looked upon as maestros of tomorrow.
2787:was released and over the following decade or two,
2366:, which usually served as the common house for the
2033:
1896:The Malayalis live in a historic area known as the
6179:
5970:
5323:
5085:Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India
4952:"Cherussery (Krishnagadha) malayalam author books"
4835:
4395:(New Delhi: Northern Book Centre, 2003), xvi–xvii.
2596:Malayalis use two words to denote dance, which is
2326:The modern Malayalam grammar is based on the book
1784:, with an estimated 40,000 living in the New York
7349:Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1989–present)
6159:India, Motilal (UK) Books of (18 February 2008).
6081:Reciting: Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases
5572:Muallim Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
5486:Muallim Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
5270:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: K to Navalram
5244:. Nirmala Sadanand Publishers. 1967. p. 21.
5043:(1st DCB ed.). Kottayam, Kerala: D C Books.
4312:(2007 ed.). Kottayam: DC Books. p. 27.
3640:Zachariah, K. C. & Rajan, S. Irudaya (2011),
1502:) is the first known writer to call this country
7533:
6487:Kalari Payatte – The martial art of Kerala.
5260:
4678:. Puva Arumugam. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish.
1994:can be considered as the ancient predecessor of
1242:. They are predominantly native speakers of the
5624:. Chennai, India. 31 March 2007. Archived from
5375:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 126.
5081:
4303:
4169:
2744:is a performing art which is popular among the
7344:Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1926–1989)
5407:
5362:
4998:
3461:Kalaripayattu is a 16th-century travelogue of
3370:), pazham nirachathu (ripe banana filled with
2054:, the literature mainly consisted of the oral
1234:. They form the majority of the population in
6645:
6506:
6504:
6502:
5853:
5565:
5479:
5401:
5171:
4863:
4571:"Keralite Indians in the New York Metro Area"
4418:Malabar Manual (1887), William Logan, Calicut
4359:
4196:
4194:
3153:, a sweet milk dessert native to Kerala. The
2522:(eight halls with two central courtyards) or
1788:area. There were 7,093 Malayalam speakers in
1254:. Prior to that, since the 1800s existed the
1168:
6239:. Kottayam, Kerala: D.C. Books. p. 494.
6154:
6152:
5566:Kottaparamban, Musadhique (2 October 2019).
5480:Kottaparamban, Musadhique (1 October 2019).
4764:
4733:
2863:Sopanam is traditionally sung by men of the
2724:have their own unique performing art forms.
2538:
1756:. Many Malayalis have also emigrated to the
1697:Taluk. Around one-third of the Malayalis in
6456:"Flavours unlimited from the Malabar coast"
6232:
4505:
4503:
4392:Agrarian Relations in Late Medieval Malabar
4344:
3599:
3597:
3414:Common weapons used as part of Kalaripayatt
2640:forms from Kerala. Kathakali is actually a
1979:(Meaning: Malayalam script) written in the
6652:
6638:
6499:
5330:Eṃ Mukundan; C. Gopinathan Pillai (2004).
5311:. Kerala Sahitya Akademi. 1993. p. 19
4839:Time measurement and calendar construction
4398:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4191:
4153:. Thiruvananthapuram, India. 24 May 2013.
3562:
2910:Kerala also has a significant presence of
1954:
1598:mentions the ecclesiastical office of the
1570:(country/continent). Hence the natives of
1218:originating from the present-day state of
1175:
1161:
63:
6305:"Onam Sadhya: 13 Dishes You Need To Try!"
6273:
6271:
6149:
5951:
5579:
5493:
5372:Perspectives On Indian English Literature
4893:Naha, Abdul Latheef (24 September 2020).
3783:. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).
3259:) and sweet boiled bananas. to steam the
3005:is one of the famous Vallam Kali held in
2616:, like Sanghakali and Krishnanattom; and
2489:Nalukettu was a housing style in Kerala.
2253:, have gained international recognition.
1478:. This mentions a pepper emporium called
7463:List of tourist attractions in Kozhikode
6449:
6447:
6393:
6252:Ritual Music and Hindu Rituals of Kerala
6039:
5979:
5692:
5165:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4653:. Pearson Education India. p. 107.
4500:
4414:
4412:
4410:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3594:
3409:
3329:means meat), parottas (soft flatbread),
3123:
3076:
2955:
2573:
2562:
2552:
2542:
2467:
2443:
1970:
1861:
1584:in the foreign trade circles. The words
6564:A Short History of Malayalam Literature
6352:Upadhye, Aishwarya (16 November 2018).
6351:
5655:
5267:Amaresh Datta; Sahitya Akademi (1987).
4985:A Short History of Malayalam Literature
4734:Sasibhooshan, Gayathri (12 July 2012).
4288:
4175:"Travancore." Encyclopædia Britannica.
2529:An example of a Nalukettu structure is
2279:have made notable contributions to the
2147:. The prose literature, criticism, and
1428:in the medieval era. Earlier, the term
1382:worldwide. The estimated population of
14:
7534:
6453:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6379:
6268:
6040:Varghese, Theresa (18 December 2006).
5825:
5742:
5153:from the original on 10 September 2014
4977:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4673:
4648:
4593:
4157:from the original on 27 September 2013
3739:
3737:
3265:, there is a special utensil called a
1870:
1669:(now Gudalur and Panthalur taluks) of
1652:. The number of Malayalam speakers in
1614:Geographic distribution and population
7336:Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
6633:
6466:from the original on 20 November 2021
6444:
6406:from the original on 20 November 2021
6394:Sabhnani, Dhara Vora (14 June 2019).
6158:
6116:
5461:from the original on 21 November 2021
5446:
5038:
5011:from the original on 21 November 2021
4932:from the original on 21 November 2021
4905:from the original on 22 November 2021
4700:
4427:
4407:
4326:from the original on 13 November 2021
4250:
4222:
4216:
3817:from the original on 26 December 2018
3787:from the original on 26 December 2018
3670:from the original on 13 November 2021
3627:
3615:from the original on 26 December 2018
3351:, is also prepared by the community.
1195:
6249:
5785:from the original on 17 January 2009
5656:Kunnath, Ammad (15 September 2015).
5528:
4892:
4746:from the original on 6 December 2020
4521:from the original on 1 November 2021
4304:Sreedhara Menon, A. (January 2007).
3981:from the original on 2 February 2021
3863:"Survey finds only 16.25 lakh NoRKs"
3362:paste covering a mixture of cashew,
3021:on the moolam day (according to the
2311:, today it is predominantly used in
1709:. Around one-third of population in
95:Regions with significant populations
6432:from the original on 24 August 2023
6376:
6364:from the original on 24 August 2023
6333:from the original on 24 August 2023
6214:from the original on 24 August 2023
6137:from the original on 24 August 2023
6098:from the original on 24 August 2023
6060:from the original on 24 August 2023
5988:from the original on 24 August 2023
5902:from the original on 24 August 2023
5854:Kunhikrishnan, K. (12 April 2003).
5797:
5674:from the original on 2 October 2022
5547:from the original on 24 August 2023
5428:from the original on 24 August 2023
5389:from the original on 24 August 2023
5369:Ed. Vinod Kumar Maheshwari (2002).
5350:from the original on 24 August 2023
5287:from the original on 24 August 2023
5248:from the original on 24 August 2023
5220:from the original on 24 August 2023
5192:from the original on 24 August 2023
5139:
5102:from the original on 24 August 2023
4966:
4923:
4874:from the original on 24 August 2023
4846:from the original on 24 August 2023
4488:from the original on 2 October 2022
4040:from the original on 24 August 2023
3899:from the original on 24 August 2023
3873:from the original on 24 August 2023
3734:
3582:from the original on 24 August 2023
3394:made of flour, like baked, layered
2802:. The significance of music in the
2794:Music formed a major part of early
2032:and the lack of the literary Tamil
1855:Besides, the Malayalee citizens in
1592:are synonymous to each other. The
24:
6608:Official site of Kerala Government
6554:
6426:"Kerala biryani (With vegetables)"
6309:outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/
6117:Singh, Sarina (18 December 2005).
5826:Kakkat, Thulasi (18 August 2012).
5762:
5730:from the original on 15 April 2022
5721:
5596:from the original on 17 April 2022
5510:from the original on 17 April 2022
4999:Arun Narayanan (25 October 2018).
4620:
4551:from the original on 12 April 2020
4232:from the original on 23 April 2019
4145:"'Classical' status for Malayalam"
3925:from the original on 5 August 2020
3722:from the original on 27 March 2023
3696:from the original on 29 March 2023
3297:cuisine is a blend of traditional
2752:in unison call and response form.
1499:
25:
7578:
6659:
6601:
6396:"Straight from the Malabar Coast"
5273:. Sahitya Akademi. p. 2394.
4785:from the original on 29 July 2021
4765:Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003).
4066:from the original on 14 June 2021
3971:"Where Malayalees once held sway"
3664:"Malayali, Malayalam in Malaysia"
2476:, the palace of the Maharajah of
7519:
7494:
7418:Places of Interest in Malappuram
6594:Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus - 2019
6561:Dr. K. Ayyappa Panicker (2006).
6541:
6478:
6418:
6345:
6315:
6297:
6021:from the original on 26 May 2005
5805:Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus - 2019
5447:Lyall, Sarah (15 October 1997).
5001:"The Charms of Poonthanam Illam"
4982:Dr. K. Ayyappa Panicker (2006).
4713:Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus - 2019
4035:"With Kerala in their hearts..."
3605:"Kerala Migration Survey - 2014"
2664:, which was created by the poet
1550:comes from a combination of the
1396:Malayalee population in Malaysia
691:
610:
596:
581:
543:
525:
507:
489:
471:
453:
435:
417:
399:
381:
363:
345:
327:
309:
291:
273:
255:
237:
219:
201:
183:
165:
147:
140:Significant Malayali diaspora in
101:
7433:Tourist attractions of Palakkad
6858:2001 Kadalundi Train derailment
6522:University of Wisconsin–Madison
6243:
6226:
6110:
6072:
6033:
5875:
5847:
5819:
5751:
5715:
5686:
5649:
5640:
5608:
5559:
5522:
5473:
5440:
5114:
5075:
5057:
5032:
5023:
4992:
4917:
4886:
4857:
4829:
4797:
4758:
4727:
4667:
4642:
4587:
4563:
4533:
4474:
4465:
4448:
4421:
4383:
4370:
4353:
4338:
4269:
4244:
4182:
4122:from the original on 7 May 2021
4104:
4078:
4052:
4027:
3993:
3963:
3937:
3911:
3885:
3855:
3829:
3542:
3405:
3347:are used profusely. The Kerala
2433:
2209:winning poets and writers like
1466:sailors used to call Kerala as
6886:Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve
6123:. Lonely Planet Publications.
5984:. Concept Publishing Company.
5662:(PhD). University of Calicut.
5414:. Peter Lang. pp. 44–45.
5336:. Sahitya Akademi. p. 3.
5088:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
4771:. Cambridge University Press.
4366:. Travancore Government Press.
4060:"Vienna Malayalee Association"
3799:
3708:
3682:
3656:
3611:. No. 17 September 2014.
3480:Non Resident Keralites Affairs
3438:the mother of all martial arts
2951:
2585:Margamkali performed during a
2022:(Old), those are not found in
1152:Portal:Dravidian civilizations
888:History of Dravidian languages
114:
13:
1:
7473:Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram
7423:Tourist attractions in Kannur
6454:Kurian, Shijo (2 July 2014).
4378:Malabar and Anjengo, volume 1
4376:C. A. Innes and F. B. Evans,
4251:Varma, A.R. Rajaraja (2005).
3555:
3037:, near a temple dedicated to
2231:Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri
2050:. For the first 600 years of
1951:community outside of Kerala.
1462:(6th century CE) itself, the
1432:had also been used to denote
1230:, occupying its southwestern
6572:Menon, A. Sreedhara (2007).
5982:"The Communication of Ideas"
5722:Kallen, hussain Randathani.
5333:Eng Adityan Radha And Others
5039:Menon, A. Sreedhara (2008).
4895:"Jnanpith given to Akkitham"
4674:Pillai, Anitha Devi (2017).
4594:Pillai, Anitha Devi (2017).
4511:"Census of India - Language"
3643:Kerala Migration Survey 2011
3510:Garshom International Awards
3255:(the boiled-down syrup from
3072:
3015:Champakulam Moolam Boat Race
2484:
2362:of aristocratic families in
2340:
1486:is thought to come from the
1405:
1248:classical languages of India
730:Ancient history of Sri Lanka
7:
7356:Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen
6281:. Keral.com. Archived from
5213:Accessions List, South Asia
4836:Broughton Richmond (1956),
4363:The Travancore State Manual
3500:Migrant labourers in Kerala
3468:
3444:" can be traced to ancient
3283:
3275:
3267:
3261:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3221:
3219:(steamed rice powder), and
3215:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3137:
2991:Veppu Vallam (Vaipu Vallam)
2219:Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
2109:Classical Language in India
2044:Quilon Syrian copper plates
2034:
2028:
1534:is reminiscent of the word
1446:. Until the arrival of the
1204:and sometimes known by the
10:
7583:
6575:A Survey of Kerala History
5967:-Malayalam Resource Centre
5065:"August 23, 2010 Archives"
4349:. Madras Government Press.
3417:
3117:
3113:
3087:
2437:
2344:
2283:, which is a genre of the
2178:Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer
2159:Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar
2100:has been presented with 6
1964:
1958:
1874:
1716:Just before independence,
1617:
36:
29:
7491:
7373:
7323:
7280:
7239:
7198:
7147:
7099:
7090:
7080:colleges and universities
6969:
6936:Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
6876:
6843:
6773:
6670:
6613:Malayalam Resource Centre
6535:"Discovery Latinoamérica"
6517:16 September 2008 at the
6254:. New Delhi: BR Rhythms.
6222:– via Google Books.
6175:– via Google Books.
6145:– via Google Books.
6106:– via Google Books.
6068:– via Google Books.
5996:– via Google Books.
5910:– via Google Books.
5758:Malayalam Resource Centre
5308:Malayalam Literary Survey
5122:"Contents of Bl. Chavara"
5110:– via Google Books.
4649:Vimala, Angelina (2007).
3813:. No. 16 July 2014.
3358:(deep-fried, boiled ripe
3029:Sree Krishna Temple. The
2846:(sopanam) leading to the
2539:Performing arts and music
2291:, otherwise known as the
2203:Kavalam Narayana Panicker
1326:countries, including the
1252:States Reorganisation Act
1246:language, one of the six
1222:& Union Territory of
898:Elamo-Dravidian languages
706:Indus Valley Civilisation
663:
653:
643:
633:
628:
576:
571:
564:
559:
541:
523:
505:
487:
469:
451:
433:
415:
397:
379:
361:
343:
325:
307:
289:
271:
253:
235:
217:
199:
181:
163:
145:
138:
99:
94:
82:
77:
62:
6911:Eravikulam National Park
6863:2016 Paravur temple fire
6200:. Taylor & Francis.
5693:Panakkal, Abbas (2016).
4924:ANI (29 November 2019).
4471:Who's Who in Madras 1934
3535:
2265:Mappila Muslim community
2174:Vallathol Narayana Menon
2121:Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan
1117:Tulu Nadu state movement
893:Proto-Dravidian language
709:Keezhadi excavation site
134:∟Rest of India 2,371,339
37:Not to be confused with
7020:Saint Thomas Christians
6830:United Democratic Front
6162:Tourist Guide to Kerala
5529:Kuzhiyan, Muneer Aram.
5408:Amit Chaudhuri (2008).
5178:. Cosmo. p. 4542.
4768:The Dravidian Languages
4428:Logan, William (1887).
4255:. Kottayam: D C Books.
4206:10 January 2012 at the
4177:Encyclopædia Britannica
3648:10 January 2020 at the
3490:Ethnic groups in Kerala
3084:pookkalam/floral carpet
3059:Indira Gandhi Boat Race
2814:is musically known for
2730:Dubh Muttu/Aravanamuttu
2251:Vaikom Muhammed Basheer
1955:Language and literature
1922:Saint Thomas Christians
1816:regions, especially in
1414:meaning "mountain" and
1112:Kannada language rights
917:Dravidian folk religion
7567:Ethnic groups in India
7557:Malayali organizations
7324:Organisations/Agencies
7148:Dance / Drama / Cinema
6931:Nelliampathi Mountains
6492:29 August 2009 at the
6484:Suresh, P. R. (2005).
6250:Rolf, Killius (2006).
5172:Subodh Kapoor (2002).
4864:R. Leela Devi (1986).
4431:Malabar Manual, Vol. 1
4360:V. Nagam Aiya (1906).
3949:Statistics New Zealand
3415:
3132:
3085:
3003:Nehru Trophy Boat Race
2967:
2965:Nehru Trophy Boat Race
2593:
2571:
2560:
2550:
2481:
2453:
2440:Architecture of Kerala
2289:Arabi Malayalam script
2113:Cherusseri Namboothiri
1983:
1867:
1866:Kerala Samajam, Mysore
1648:and 406,358 (1.2%) in
1602:who is referred to as
1384:Malayalees in Malaysia
860:Dravidian architecture
850:Dravidian civilization
725:History of South India
6825:Left Democratic Front
6760:Perumpadapu Swaroopam
6700:Chovvanur burial cave
6618:26 March 2023 at the
6510:Zarrilli, Phillip B.
5933:"Kerala architecture"
5828:"Kerala's Nalukettus"
5135:on 17 September 2014.
4928:. Business Standard.
3413:
3398:s with rich filling,
3127:
3080:
2959:
2774:politically incorrect
2668:as an alternative to
2652:and given the status
2584:
2566:
2556:
2546:
2471:
2447:
2334:A. R. Raja Raja Varma
1974:
1916:. The arrival of the
1865:
1681:and Puttur taluks of
1632:) and the islands of
1476:Cosmas Indicopleustes
1460:Cosmas Indicopleustes
1426:foreign trade circles
1400:A. R. Raja Raja Varma
1256:Kingdom of Travancore
1216:ethnolinguistic group
1132:Dravidian nationalism
39:Malays (ethnic group)
7468:Estuaries of Paravur
7453:Muzhappilangad Beach
7443:Tourism in Kasaragod
7331:Nair Service Society
6853:1988 Perumon tragedy
6802:Legislative Assembly
6720:Kingdom of Cannanore
5241:Indian Writing Today
5041:The legacy of Kerala
4956:keralaliterature.com
4632:9 March 2013 at the
4345:J. Sturrock (1894).
3895:. 27 December 2018.
3530:Malayali cartoonists
3520:Malayalam literature
3485:Kerala Gulf diaspora
2796:Malayalam literature
2705:. The Indian dancer
2662:poor man's Kathakali
2612:and Bhagavatipattu;
2223:M. T. Vasudevan Nair
2199:political radicalism
2195:Malayalam literature
2166:Triumvirate of poets
2154:Varthamanappusthakam
2149:Malayalam journalism
2129:Poonthanam Nambudiri
2098:Malayalam literature
2072:(Southern songs) in
2064:(Northern Songs) in
2000:Malayalam literature
1967:Malayalam literature
1924:, and the growth of
1910:his map of the world
1798:Greater Toronto Area
1711:Kanyakumari district
1644:, 557,705 (1.7%) in
1620:Kerala Gulf diaspora
1328:United Arab Emirates
855:South Indian culture
648:മലയാളികൾ Malayāḷikaḷ
155:United Arab Emirates
7361:Syro-Malabar Church
6815:Saptakakshi Munnani
6690:Ariyannur Umbrellas
6234:Sreedhara Menon, A.
6046:. Stark World Pub.
6015:dances.indobase.com
4283:on 18 January 2006.
3919:"Irish Census 2022"
3869:. 31 October 2013.
3842:www12.statcan.gc.ca
3505:Malayali Australian
3354:The snacks include
3147:is complemented by
3050:Payippad Jalotsavam
2893:M.S. Gopalakrishnan
2871:community, who are
2532:Mattancherry Palace
2201:. The writers like
2188:and towards a more
2074:Southern Travancore
1871:History and culture
1458:. From the time of
1284:Zamorins of Calicut
1197:[mɐlɐjaːɭi]
883:Dravidian languages
738:Dravidian dynasties
686:culture and history
678:Part of a series on
69:Malayali men doing
59:
7388:Athirappilly Falls
7262:Suriyani Malayalam
7252:Malayalam calendar
6896:Kavvayi Backwaters
6868:2018 Kerala floods
6755:Vaikom Satyagraham
6730:Battle of Kulachal
6710:Zamorin of Calicut
6695:Kudakkallu Parambu
6043:Stark World Kerala
5856:"Fallen tharavads"
5628:on 8 November 2012
5454:The New York Times
5147:"South Asian arts"
4651:History and Civics
4583:on 24 August 2023.
4515:censusindia.gov.in
3977:. 5 October 2005.
3811:The Times of India
3690:"FOKANA, About Us"
3495:Malaysian Malayali
3416:
3133:
3090:Malayalam calendar
3086:
3031:Aranmula Boat Race
3011:Alappuzha district
2995:Vadakkanody Vallam
2983:Iruttukuthy Vallam
2968:
2944:in the context of
2940:, which refers to
2889:T.V.Gopalakrishnan
2594:
2572:
2561:
2551:
2509:. The house has a
2482:
2454:
2418:Thiruvananthapuram
2354:, also spelled as
2273:Moyinkutty Vaidyar
2261:Dravidian language
2052:Malayalam calendar
2040:Malayalam calendar
1984:
1908:documenting it on
1868:
1792:in 2006. The 2001
1506:. Authors such as
1448:East India Company
1320:metropolitan areas
1318:and also in other
1122:Telugu Desam Party
629:മലയാളം (Malayalam)
53:
7562:Dravidian peoples
7552:Malayali diaspora
7507:
7506:
7428:Islands of Kollam
7408:Kerala Backwaters
7393:Beaches in Kerala
7369:
7368:
7134:Triumvirate poets
7040:Jainism in Kerala
6956:Sasthamcotta Lake
6765:Malabar Migration
6745:Anglo-Mysore Wars
6428:. 22 April 2013.
6237:Kerala Charithram
5581:10.33306/mjssh/31
5495:10.33306/mjssh/31
5127:Christ University
5071:on 27 April 2013.
5050:978-81-264-2157-2
4867:History of Kerala
4778:978-1-139-43533-8
4660:978-81-317-0336-6
4441:978-81-206-0446-9
4389:M. T. Narayanan,
4319:978-81-264-1588-5
4015:Missing or empty
3570:"Census of India"
3446:Sangam literature
3120:Cuisine of Kerala
2924:Mappila Paattukal
2905:L. Athira Krishna
2895:, L. Subramaniam
2848:sanctum sanctorum
2804:culture of Kerala
2718:Nasranis Mappilas
2582:
2329:Kerala Panineeyam
2277:Pulikkottil Hyder
2271:. The poets like
2061:Vadakkan Pattukal
1992:Sangam literature
1877:History of Kerala
1840:region mainly in
1671:Nilgiris district
1600:Thachudaya Kaimal
1540:the land of hills
1260:Kingdom of Cochin
1185:
1184:
1137:Dravidian parties
1127:Tamil nationalism
996:Dravidian peoples
865:Dravidian studies
673:
672:
624:
623:
88: 40 million
16:(Redirected from
7574:
7524:
7523:
7522:
7515:
7501:India portal
7499:
7498:
7497:
7190:Cinema of Kerala
7097:
7096:
7060:Scheduled Tribes
6750:Battle of Quilon
6654:
6647:
6640:
6631:
6630:
6597:
6589:
6568:
6548:
6545:
6539:
6538:
6531:
6525:
6508:
6497:
6482:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6471:
6451:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6422:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6391:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6354:"Appams anyone?"
6349:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6319:
6313:
6312:
6301:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6290:
6285:on 2 August 2008
6275:
6266:
6265:
6247:
6241:
6240:
6230:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6219:
6190:
6177:
6176:
6156:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6142:
6114:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6076:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6026:
6007:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5993:
5977:
5968:
5966:
5961:. Archived from
5955:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5935:. Archived from
5929:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5879:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5851:
5845:
5844:
5842:
5840:
5823:
5817:
5816:
5801:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5775:
5769:
5766:
5760:
5755:
5749:
5746:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5653:
5647:
5644:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5583:
5563:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5497:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5405:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5236:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5131:. Archived from
5118:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5067:. Archived from
5061:
5055:
5054:
5036:
5030:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5016:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4979:
4964:
4963:
4962:on 7 April 2019.
4958:. Archived from
4948:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4890:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4816:
4809:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4709:
4698:
4697:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4646:
4640:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4576:. Archived from
4575:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4507:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4478:
4472:
4469:
4463:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4405:
4402:
4396:
4387:
4381:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4308:Kerala Charitram
4301:
4286:
4284:
4279:. Archived from
4273:
4267:
4266:
4253:Keralapanineeyam
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4220:
4214:
4198:
4189:
4186:
4180:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4141:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4116:nihonkairali.com
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4088:. Archived from
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4018:
4013:
4011:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3756:
3750:. Archived from
3749:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3660:
3654:
3638:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3601:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3581:
3574:
3566:
3549:
3546:
3525:Malayalam script
3286:
3280:
3270:
3264:
3257:sweet palm toddy
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
2942:playback singing
2912:Hindustani music
2885:M. D. Ramanathan
2789:Malayalam Cinema
2765:Chavittu nadakom
2755:Parichamuttukali
2750:margamkali songs
2746:Nasrani Mappilas
2728:, also known as
2722:Latin Christians
2583:
2287:literature. The
2215:S. K. Pottekkatt
2211:G. Sankara Kurup
2172:: Kumaran Asan,
2102:Jnanapith awards
2070:Thekkan Pattukal
2037:
2031:
1981:Malayalam script
1933:Latin Christians
1802:Southern Ontario
1604:Manikkam Keralar
1501:
1288:Kingdom of Tanur
1276:Third Mysore War
1264:Malabar District
1199:
1194:
1177:
1170:
1163:
695:
675:
674:
658:മലയാളം Malayāḷam
626:
625:
614:
600:
585:
549:
547:
546:
531:
529:
528:
513:
511:
510:
495:
493:
492:
477:
475:
474:
459:
457:
456:
441:
439:
438:
423:
421:
420:
405:
403:
402:
387:
385:
384:
369:
367:
366:
351:
349:
348:
333:
331:
330:
315:
313:
312:
297:
295:
294:
279:
277:
276:
261:
259:
258:
243:
241:
240:
225:
223:
222:
207:
205:
204:
189:
187:
186:
171:
169:
168:
153:
151:
150:
133:
124:
115:
107:
105:
104:
89:
78:Total population
67:
60:
52:
21:
7582:
7581:
7577:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7572:
7571:
7547:Malayali people
7532:
7531:
7530:
7520:
7518:
7510:
7508:
7503:
7495:
7493:
7487:
7365:
7319:
7276:
7267:Judeo-Malayalam
7257:Arabi Malayalam
7235:
7194:
7143:
7086:
6977:
6973:
6965:
6951:Protected areas
6916:Flora and fauna
6872:
6839:
6792:Chief Ministers
6777:
6769:
6735:Arakkal kingdom
6715:Venad Swaroopam
6666:
6658:
6620:Wayback Machine
6604:
6592:
6586:
6557:
6555:Further reading
6552:
6551:
6546:
6542:
6533:
6532:
6528:
6519:Wayback Machine
6509:
6500:
6494:Wayback Machine
6483:
6479:
6469:
6467:
6452:
6445:
6435:
6433:
6424:
6423:
6419:
6409:
6407:
6392:
6377:
6367:
6365:
6350:
6346:
6336:
6334:
6321:
6320:
6316:
6303:
6302:
6298:
6288:
6286:
6277:
6276:
6269:
6262:
6248:
6244:
6231:
6227:
6217:
6215:
6208:
6191:
6180:
6173:
6157:
6150:
6140:
6138:
6131:
6115:
6111:
6101:
6099:
6092:
6078:
6077:
6073:
6063:
6061:
6054:
6038:
6034:
6024:
6022:
6009:
6008:
6001:
5991:
5989:
5978:
5971:
5965:on 4 July 2013.
5957:
5956:
5952:
5942:
5940:
5939:on 21 July 2011
5931:
5930:
5915:
5905:
5903:
5896:
5888:. Pluto Press.
5880:
5876:
5866:
5864:
5852:
5848:
5838:
5836:
5824:
5820:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5788:
5786:
5777:
5776:
5772:
5767:
5763:
5756:
5752:
5747:
5743:
5733:
5731:
5720:
5716:
5706:
5704:
5691:
5687:
5677:
5675:
5654:
5650:
5645:
5641:
5631:
5629:
5614:
5613:
5609:
5599:
5597:
5564:
5560:
5550:
5548:
5527:
5523:
5513:
5511:
5478:
5474:
5464:
5462:
5445:
5441:
5431:
5429:
5422:
5406:
5402:
5392:
5390:
5383:
5367:
5363:
5353:
5351:
5344:
5328:
5324:
5314:
5312:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5290:
5288:
5281:
5265:
5261:
5251:
5249:
5238:
5237:
5233:
5223:
5221:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5195:
5193:
5186:
5170:
5166:
5156:
5154:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5129:Library catalog
5120:
5119:
5115:
5105:
5103:
5096:
5080:
5076:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5051:
5037:
5033:
5028:
5024:
5014:
5012:
4997:
4993:
4980:
4967:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4935:
4933:
4922:
4918:
4908:
4906:
4891:
4887:
4877:
4875:
4862:
4858:
4849:
4847:
4842:, p. 218,
4834:
4830:
4820:
4818:
4814:
4807:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4788:
4786:
4779:
4763:
4759:
4749:
4747:
4732:
4728:
4711:
4710:
4701:
4686:
4672:
4668:
4661:
4647:
4643:
4634:Wayback Machine
4625:
4621:
4606:
4592:
4588:
4580:
4573:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4554:
4552:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4524:
4522:
4509:
4508:
4501:
4491:
4489:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4470:
4466:
4453:
4449:
4442:
4426:
4422:
4417:
4408:
4403:
4399:
4388:
4384:
4375:
4371:
4358:
4354:
4343:
4339:
4329:
4327:
4320:
4302:
4289:
4277:"kerala.gov.in"
4275:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4249:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4221:
4217:
4212:censusindia.net
4208:Wayback Machine
4199:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4174:
4170:
4160:
4158:
4143:
4142:
4135:
4125:
4123:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4095:
4093:
4092:on 7 April 2021
4084:
4083:
4079:
4069:
4067:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4043:
4041:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4016:
4014:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3954:
3952:
3951:. 30 April 2020
3943:
3942:
3938:
3928:
3926:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3902:
3900:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3876:
3874:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3846:
3844:
3834:
3830:
3820:
3818:
3804:
3800:
3790:
3788:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3760:
3758:
3757:on 14 July 2014
3754:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3735:
3725:
3723:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3673:
3671:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3650:Wayback Machine
3639:
3628:
3618:
3616:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3515:Malayalam movie
3471:
3422:
3408:
3122:
3116:
3092:
3075:
3033:takes place at
2979:Churulan Vallam
2954:
2879:. Legends like
2714:Muslim Mappilas
2666:Kunchan Nambiar
2638:classical dance
2628:, and Thullal.
2574:
2541:
2487:
2442:
2436:
2423:marumakkathayam
2349:
2343:
2319:by the migrant
2305:Arabi Malayalam
2285:Arabi Malayalam
2257:Arabi Malayalam
2137:Kunchan Nambiar
2085:Thirunizhalmala
1969:
1963:
1957:
1879:
1873:
1794:Canadian census
1699:Kodagu district
1687:Kodagu district
1622:
1616:
1558:(hill) and the
1542:. According to
1498:(973–1048
1408:
1292:Arakkal kingdom
1278:(1790–92) from
1192:
1189:Malayali people
1181:
1147:
1146:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1097:
990:
982:
981:
961:
953:
952:
951:
911:
903:
902:
878:
870:
869:
845:
837:
836:
835:
734:
720:
712:
711:
703:
638:മലയാളി Malayāḷi
620:Others - <1%
609:
595:
590:
580:
544:
542:
526:
524:
508:
506:
490:
488:
472:
470:
454:
452:
436:
434:
418:
416:
400:
398:
382:
380:
364:
362:
346:
344:
328:
326:
310:
308:
292:
290:
274:
272:
256:
254:
238:
236:
220:
218:
202:
200:
184:
182:
166:
164:
148:
146:
131:
130:
122:
121:
113:
112:
102:
100:
87:
73:
57:
55:
51:
46:
35:
32:Malayali (film)
28:
23:
22:
18:Malayali people
15:
12:
11:
5:
7580:
7570:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7542:Kerala society
7529:
7528:
7505:
7504:
7492:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7379:
7377:
7371:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7364:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7352:
7351:
7346:
7338:
7333:
7327:
7325:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7305:Panchari melam
7302:
7297:
7286:
7284:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7274:
7272:Irula language
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7243:
7241:
7237:
7236:
7234:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7202:
7200:
7196:
7195:
7193:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7151:
7149:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7129:Sarpam Thullal
7126:
7121:
7119:Kalarippayattu
7116:
7111:
7106:
7100:
7094:
7088:
7087:
7085:
7084:
7083:
7082:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6983:
6981:
6967:
6966:
6964:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6891:Ashtamudi Lake
6888:
6882:
6880:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6849:
6847:
6841:
6840:
6838:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6783:
6781:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6676:
6674:
6668:
6667:
6657:
6656:
6649:
6642:
6634:
6628:
6627:
6622:
6610:
6603:
6602:External links
6600:
6599:
6598:
6590:
6584:
6569:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6540:
6526:
6498:
6477:
6443:
6417:
6375:
6344:
6314:
6296:
6267:
6260:
6242:
6225:
6206:
6178:
6171:
6165:. Sura Books.
6148:
6129:
6109:
6090:
6071:
6052:
6032:
5999:
5969:
5950:
5913:
5894:
5874:
5846:
5818:
5796:
5770:
5761:
5750:
5741:
5714:
5703:on 27 May 2021
5685:
5648:
5639:
5607:
5558:
5521:
5472:
5439:
5421:978-1906165017
5420:
5400:
5382:978-8126900930
5381:
5361:
5343:978-8126018833
5342:
5322:
5298:
5280:978-0836424232
5279:
5259:
5231:
5203:
5185:978-8177552720
5184:
5164:
5138:
5113:
5094:
5074:
5056:
5049:
5031:
5022:
4991:
4965:
4943:
4916:
4885:
4856:
4828:
4817:on 27 May 2015
4796:
4777:
4757:
4726:
4699:
4684:
4666:
4659:
4641:
4619:
4604:
4586:
4562:
4532:
4499:
4473:
4464:
4460:978-3447025225
4447:
4440:
4420:
4406:
4397:
4382:
4369:
4352:
4337:
4318:
4287:
4268:
4261:
4243:
4215:
4190:
4181:
4168:
4133:
4103:
4077:
4051:
4026:
3992:
3962:
3936:
3910:
3884:
3854:
3828:
3798:
3768:
3733:
3707:
3681:
3655:
3626:
3593:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3470:
3467:
3463:Duarte Barbosa
3407:
3404:
3291:Muslim cuisine
3118:Main article:
3115:
3112:
3088:Main article:
3074:
3071:
3067:Kerala tourism
3007:Punnamada Lake
2975:Chundan Vallam
2953:
2950:
2920:Pulluvan Pattu
2877:Carnatic music
2785:Vigathakumaran
2614:semi religious
2540:
2537:
2524:Pathinarukettu
2486:
2483:
2474:Kowdiar Palace
2438:Main article:
2435:
2432:
2360:ancestral home
2345:Main article:
2342:
2339:
2227:O. N. V. Kurup
2133:Perinthalmanna
2107:Designated a "
2024:literary Tamil
1988:Tamil Language
1959:Main article:
1956:
1953:
1943:, and British
1920:, the rise of
1875:Main article:
1872:
1869:
1844:. The city of
1703:Yerava dialect
1615:
1612:
1608:Koodalmanikyam
1574:were known as
1508:Ibn Khordadbeh
1407:
1404:
1394:. Most of the
1364:United Kingdom
1183:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
992:
991:
988:
987:
984:
983:
980:
979:
974:
969:
962:
959:
958:
955:
954:
950:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
913:
912:
909:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
879:
876:
875:
872:
871:
868:
867:
862:
857:
852:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
834:
833:
828:
823:
821:Aryacakravarti
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
742:
741:
740:
733:
732:
727:
721:
718:
717:
714:
713:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
688:
687:
680:
679:
671:
670:
665:
661:
660:
655:
651:
650:
645:
641:
640:
635:
631:
630:
622:
621:
574:
573:
569:
568:
562:
561:
557:
556:
553:
539:
538:
535:
521:
520:
517:
503:
502:
499:
485:
484:
481:
467:
466:
463:
449:
448:
445:
431:
430:
427:
413:
412:
409:
395:
394:
391:
377:
376:
373:
359:
358:
355:
341:
340:
337:
335:United Kingdom
323:
322:
319:
305:
304:
301:
287:
286:
283:
269:
268:
265:
251:
250:
247:
233:
232:
229:
215:
214:
211:
197:
196:
193:
179:
178:
175:
161:
160:
157:
143:
142:
136:
135:
97:
96:
92:
91:
80:
79:
75:
74:
68:
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7579:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7527:
7517:
7516:
7513:
7502:
7490:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7376:
7372:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7326:
7322:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7295:
7291:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7244:
7242:
7238:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7203:
7201:
7197:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7146:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7101:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7089:
7081:
7078:
7077:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6980:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6962:
6961:Vembanad Lake
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6941:Nilgiri Hills
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6921:Malabar Coast
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6879:
6875:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6842:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6820:Aikya Munnani
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6809:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6780:
6776:
6772:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6725:Kerala school
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6685:Edakkal Caves
6683:
6681:
6680:Sangam period
6678:
6677:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6662:
6655:
6650:
6648:
6643:
6641:
6636:
6635:
6632:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6617:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6605:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6585:9788126415786
6581:
6577:
6576:
6570:
6566:
6565:
6559:
6558:
6544:
6536:
6530:
6523:
6520:
6516:
6513:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6496:
6495:
6491:
6488:
6481:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6450:
6448:
6431:
6427:
6421:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6363:
6359:
6355:
6348:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6318:
6310:
6306:
6300:
6284:
6280:
6274:
6272:
6263:
6261:81-88827-07-X
6257:
6253:
6246:
6238:
6235:
6229:
6213:
6209:
6207:9780824049461
6203:
6199:
6198:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6183:
6174:
6172:9788174781642
6168:
6164:
6163:
6155:
6153:
6136:
6132:
6130:9781740596947
6126:
6122:
6121:
6113:
6097:
6093:
6091:9780546721676
6087:
6083:
6082:
6075:
6059:
6055:
6053:9788190250511
6049:
6045:
6044:
6036:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6006:
6004:
5987:
5983:
5976:
5974:
5964:
5960:
5954:
5938:
5934:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5901:
5897:
5895:9780745316932
5891:
5887:
5886:
5878:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5850:
5835:
5834:
5829:
5822:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5800:
5784:
5780:
5774:
5765:
5759:
5754:
5745:
5729:
5725:
5718:
5702:
5698:
5697:
5689:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5660:
5652:
5643:
5627:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5611:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5562:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5525:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5476:
5460:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5443:
5427:
5423:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5404:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5374:
5373:
5365:
5349:
5345:
5339:
5335:
5334:
5326:
5310:
5309:
5302:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5263:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5235:
5219:
5215:
5214:
5207:
5191:
5187:
5181:
5177:
5176:
5168:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5134:
5130:
5128:
5123:
5117:
5101:
5097:
5095:9780313287787
5091:
5087:
5086:
5078:
5070:
5066:
5060:
5052:
5046:
5042:
5035:
5026:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4995:
4987:
4986:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4947:
4931:
4927:
4920:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4889:
4873:
4869:
4868:
4860:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4832:
4813:
4806:
4800:
4784:
4780:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4761:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4730:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4685:9789814721837
4681:
4677:
4670:
4662:
4656:
4652:
4645:
4639:
4638:stats.govt.nz
4635:
4631:
4628:
4623:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4605:9789814721837
4601:
4597:
4590:
4579:
4572:
4566:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4536:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4506:
4504:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4468:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4443:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4424:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4401:
4394:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4373:
4365:
4364:
4356:
4348:
4341:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4264:
4262:81-7130-672-1
4258:
4254:
4247:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4219:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4197:
4195:
4185:
4178:
4172:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4039:
4036:
4030:
4022:
4009:
4002:
3996:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3924:
3920:
3914:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3843:
3839:
3832:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3753:
3746:
3740:
3738:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3669:
3665:
3659:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3578:
3571:
3565:
3561:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3426:Kalaripayattu
3421:
3420:Kalaripayattu
3412:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3388:Chattipathiri
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3315:Kallummakkaya
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3083:
3079:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3023:Malayalam Era
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2928:Mappila Songs
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:K. J. Yesudas
2898:
2897:T.N. Krishnan
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2881:Swati Tirunal
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2760:Kalaripayattu
2757:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2707:Guru Gopinath
2704:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2588:
2569:
2568:Kalaripayattu
2565:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2545:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2464:architecture.
2458:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2299:with special
2298:
2297:Arabic script
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2281:Mappila songs
2278:
2274:
2270:
2269:Malabar Coast
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2247:Arundhati Roy
2244:
2240:
2236:
2235:O. V. Vijayan
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2157:, written by
2156:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2094:Old Malayalam
2091:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2066:North Malabar
2063:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2048:Old Malayalam
2045:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:Edakkal Caves
2005:
2004:Niranam poets
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1937:Dutch Malabar
1934:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1898:Malabar coast
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1883:Chera dynasty
1878:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1782:United States
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1762:United States
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1667:Gudalur taluk
1664:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1595:Skanda Purana
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1572:Malabar Coast
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:William Logan
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1360:United States
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1272:British India
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1232:Malabar coast
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1200:; also spelt
1198:
1190:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1058:Cholanaikkans
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
1001:Brahui people
999:
997:
994:
993:
986:
985:
978:
975:
973:
970:
967:
964:
963:
957:
956:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
907:
906:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
874:
873:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
841:
840:
832:
831:Eastern Ganga
829:
827:
826:Western Ganga
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
739:
736:
735:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
716:
715:
710:
707:
699:
698:
694:
690:
689:
685:
682:
681:
677:
676:
669:
668:കേരളം Kēraḷam
666:
662:
659:
656:
652:
649:
646:
642:
639:
636:
632:
627:
619:
617:
613:
607:
603:
599:
594:
588:
584:
579:
575:
570:
567:
563:
558:
554:
552:
540:
536:
534:
522:
518:
516:
504:
500:
498:
486:
482:
480:
468:
464:
462:
450:
446:
444:
432:
429:25,000-45,000
428:
426:
414:
410:
408:
396:
392:
390:
378:
374:
372:
360:
356:
354:
342:
338:
336:
324:
320:
318:
306:
302:
300:
288:
284:
282:
270:
266:
264:
252:
248:
246:
245:United States
234:
230:
228:
216:
212:
210:
198:
194:
192:
180:
176:
174:
162:
158:
156:
144:
141:
137:
128:
119:
110:
98:
93:
90:
86:
81:
76:
72:
71:Kalaripayattu
66:
61:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
7403:Chembra Peak
7310:Panchavadyam
7180:Ottamthullal
7170:Mohiniyattam
7109:Architecture
7065:Kerala model
7025:Kerala Iyers
6992:Namboothiris
6971:Demographics
6946:Palakkad Gap
6807:
6593:
6578:. DC Books.
6574:
6563:
6543:
6529:
6485:
6480:
6468:. Retrieved
6459:
6434:. Retrieved
6420:
6408:. Retrieved
6399:
6366:. Retrieved
6357:
6347:
6335:. Retrieved
6326:
6317:
6308:
6299:
6287:. Retrieved
6283:the original
6251:
6245:
6236:
6228:
6216:. Retrieved
6196:
6161:
6141:22 September
6139:. Retrieved
6119:
6112:
6102:22 September
6100:. Retrieved
6080:
6074:
6064:22 September
6062:. Retrieved
6042:
6035:
6023:. Retrieved
6014:
5992:22 September
5990:. Retrieved
5963:the original
5953:
5941:. Retrieved
5937:the original
5906:22 September
5904:. Retrieved
5884:
5877:
5865:. Retrieved
5859:
5849:
5837:. Retrieved
5831:
5821:
5804:
5799:
5787:. Retrieved
5773:
5764:
5753:
5744:
5732:. Retrieved
5717:
5705:. Retrieved
5701:the original
5695:
5688:
5676:. Retrieved
5658:
5651:
5642:
5630:. Retrieved
5626:the original
5619:
5610:
5598:. Retrieved
5571:
5561:
5549:. Retrieved
5541:10603/213506
5531:
5524:
5512:. Retrieved
5485:
5475:
5463:. Retrieved
5452:
5442:
5430:. Retrieved
5410:
5403:
5391:. Retrieved
5371:
5364:
5352:. Retrieved
5332:
5325:
5313:. Retrieved
5307:
5301:
5289:. Retrieved
5269:
5262:
5250:. Retrieved
5240:
5234:
5222:. Retrieved
5212:
5206:
5194:. Retrieved
5174:
5167:
5157:15 September
5155:. Retrieved
5141:
5133:the original
5125:
5116:
5106:22 September
5104:. Retrieved
5084:
5077:
5069:the original
5059:
5040:
5034:
5025:
5013:. Retrieved
5004:
4994:
4984:
4960:the original
4955:
4946:
4934:. Retrieved
4919:
4907:. Retrieved
4898:
4888:
4876:. Retrieved
4866:
4859:
4848:, retrieved
4838:
4831:
4819:. Retrieved
4812:the original
4805:"Kollam Era"
4799:
4787:. Retrieved
4767:
4760:
4748:. Retrieved
4739:
4729:
4712:
4675:
4669:
4650:
4644:
4637:
4622:
4595:
4589:
4578:the original
4565:
4553:. Retrieved
4544:
4535:
4523:. Retrieved
4514:
4490:. Retrieved
4476:
4467:
4450:
4430:
4423:
4400:
4390:
4385:
4377:
4372:
4362:
4355:
4340:
4328:. Retrieved
4309:
4306:
4281:the original
4271:
4252:
4246:
4234:. Retrieved
4224:
4218:
4211:
4184:
4176:
4171:
4159:. Retrieved
4148:
4126:21 September
4124:. Retrieved
4115:
4106:
4094:. Retrieved
4090:the original
4080:
4070:21 September
4068:. Retrieved
4054:
4042:. Retrieved
4029:
4017:|title=
3995:
3983:. Retrieved
3974:
3965:
3953:. Retrieved
3939:
3929:13 September
3927:. Retrieved
3913:
3901:. Retrieved
3887:
3875:. Retrieved
3866:
3857:
3845:. Retrieved
3841:
3831:
3819:. Retrieved
3810:
3801:
3789:. Retrieved
3780:
3771:
3759:. Retrieved
3752:the original
3724:. Retrieved
3710:
3698:. Retrieved
3684:
3672:. Retrieved
3658:
3641:
3617:. Retrieved
3608:
3584:. Retrieved
3564:
3544:
3450:
3440:. The word "
3437:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3406:Martial arts
3399:
3395:
3387:
3379:
3355:
3353:
3337:black pepper
3330:
3326:
3323:Irachi Puttu
3322:
3314:
3289:
3273:
3249:served with
3231:
3134:
3130:Kerala Sadya
3093:
3047:
3039:Lord Krishna
3027:Ambalappuzha
2999:Kochu Vallam
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2969:
2946:Indian music
2936:
2927:
2919:
2909:
2862:
2855:
2843:
2839:
2832:Gita Govinda
2793:
2770:
2763:
2753:
2749:
2740:
2734:
2729:
2711:
2694:
2692:
2671:Chakiarkooth
2669:
2661:
2658:Ottamthullal
2653:
2641:
2636:are the two
2634:Mohiniyattam
2633:
2629:
2626:Mohiniyattam
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2587:Syro-Malabar
2558:Mohiniyattam
2530:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2506:
2497:(Science of
2495:Tachu Sastra
2494:
2488:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2434:Architecture
2427:
2421:
2383:
2379:Para Devatha
2378:
2374:
2371:joint family
2355:
2351:
2350:
2327:
2325:
2301:orthographic
2255:
2169:
2163:
2152:
2144:
2106:
2083:
2079:Ramacharitam
2077:
2069:
2059:
2019:
2015:
1985:
1977:Malayāḷalipi
1976:
1949:
1895:
1880:
1854:
1814:Persian Gulf
1715:
1683:South Canara
1662:
1658:
1623:
1603:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1567:
1555:
1547:
1539:
1538:which means
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1512:Al-Baladhuri
1503:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1429:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1336:Saudi Arabia
1324:Persian Gulf
1308:
1268:South Canara
1208:
1201:
1188:
1186:
1142:Dravida Nadu
1006:Gondi people
737:
647:
637:
616:Christianity
592:
591:
577:
458:
209:Saudi Arabia
139:
83:
50:Ethnic group
47:
27:Ethnic group
7478:Vallam kali
7226:Eid al-Adha
7221:Eid al-Fitr
7165:Koodiyattam
7139:Vallam kali
7035:Cochin Jews
6997:Ambalavasis
6835:Politicians
6740:Lakshadweep
6368:18 December
6337:18 December
5959:"Nalukettu"
5867:13 December
5839:13 December
5668:10603/49524
5574:: 406–416.
5488:: 406–416.
5465:11 November
5432:18 November
5393:18 November
5354:18 November
5315:18 November
5291:18 November
5252:18 November
5224:18 November
5196:18 November
4821:30 December
4789:16 November
3877:18 December
3781:abs.gov.au/
3430:naaduvazhis
3402:and so on.
3400:Arikkadukka
3378:or sugar),
3284:appa-chatti
3268:puttu kutti
3213:(tapioca),
3019:river Pamba
3013:of Kerala.
2971:Vallam Kali
2952:Vallam Kali
2642:dance-drama
2428:makkathayam
2368:matrilineal
2332:written by
2323:community.
2243:M. Mukundan
2186:metaphysics
2170:Kavithrayam
2131:(Born near
2123:(Born near
2115:(Born near
2092:written in
2018:(This) and
1918:Cochin Jews
1914:spice trade
1806:New Zealand
1774:New Zealand
1758:Middle East
1654:Lakshadweep
1650:Maharashtra
1638:Arabian Sea
1634:Lakshadweep
1630:Kanyakumari
1546:, the word
1474:written by
1450:, the term
1438:Kanyakumari
1380:expatriates
1372:New Zealand
1296:Kolathunadu
1280:Tipu Sultan
1240:Lakshadweep
1224:Lakshadweep
966:South India
766:Rashtrakuta
606:Sunni Islam
461:Switzerland
389:New Zealand
127:Lakshadweep
120:32,413,213
56:malayāḷikal
7536:Categories
7294:Thayambaka
7175:Margamkali
7124:Literature
7050:Dravidians
6901:Backwaters
6775:Government
6470:26 January
6410:26 January
6218:18 October
6025:1 November
5943:1 November
5813:8182676444
5600:7 February
5551:7 February
5514:7 February
4750:21 October
4721:8182676444
4545:Census.gov
3903:15 October
3847:12 October
3821:21 October
3791:21 October
3619:21 October
3556:References
3418:See also:
3317:(mussels)
3198:pulisherry
2987:Odi Vallam
2961:Vallamkali
2938:Film music
2873:Ambalavasi
2844:holy steps
2840:sangeetham
2836:Ashtapadis
2742:Margamkali
2726:Duff Muttu
2646:Kutiyattam
2620:, such as
2608:, such as
2511:quadrangle
2507:Nadumuttom
2478:Travancore
2452:structure.
2448:A typical
2406:Malappuram
2090:epic poems
1965:See also:
1754:Chandigarh
1748:(Bombay),
1738:Coimbatore
1724:(Madras),
1701:speak the
1675:Tamil Nadu
1642:Tamil Nadu
1618:See also:
1576:Malabarese
1494:('hill').
1472:Topography
1362:(US), the
1312:Tamil Nadu
1300:Valluvanad
1193:Malayalam:
1052:Giraavarus
1011:Kannadigas
977:South Asia
761:Satavahana
111:34,838,819
43:Malaysians
7458:Peruvanam
7383:Alappuzha
7340:Samastha
7247:Malayalam
7240:Languages
7231:Christmas
7199:Festivals
7155:Kathakali
7075:Education
7002:Samanthas
6987:Malayalis
6906:Districts
6878:Geography
6845:Incidents
6810:elections
6808:Panchayat
6797:Governors
6460:The Hindu
6436:8 January
6400:The Hindu
6358:The Hindu
6327:NDTV Food
6289:2 January
5861:The Hindu
5833:The Hindu
5632:15 August
5621:The Hindu
5590:2590-3691
5504:2590-3691
5005:The Hindu
4899:The Hindu
4740:The Hindu
4694:962741080
4614:962741080
4150:The Hindu
3985:11 August
3975:DNA India
3955:2 October
3867:The Hindu
3434:Vazhunors
3380:Muttamala
3374:grating,
3356:Unnakkaya
3192:injipully
3108:Christmas
3104:Deepavali
3073:Festivals
2838:. Sopana
2703:Kathakali
2630:Kathakali
2622:Kathakali
2606:religious
2548:Kathakali
2520:Ettukettu
2516:tharavadu
2503:courtyard
2499:Carpentry
2491:Nalukettu
2485:Nalukettu
2450:Nalukettu
2375:Karanavar
2356:Tharavadu
2341:Tharavadu
2317:Singapore
2239:Kamaladas
2182:sophistry
2161:in 1785.
1996:Malayalam
1975:The word
1961:Malayalam
1939:, French
1902:Roman era
1887:Tamilakam
1850:Bangalore
1790:Australia
1786:tri-state
1770:Australia
1750:Ahmedabad
1742:Hyderabad
1734:Mangalore
1730:Bangalore
1691:Karnataka
1679:Mangalore
1646:Karnataka
1626:Mangalore
1552:Dravidian
1496:Al-Biruni
1488:Dravidian
1434:Tulu Nadu
1406:Etymology
1368:Australia
1356:Singapore
1316:Karnataka
1244:Malayalam
1213:Dravidian
1202:Malayalee
1054:(Extinct)
1048:(Extinct)
1021:Malayalis
972:Sri Lanka
968:(Dravida)
684:Dravidian
618:- 18.38%
608:)- 26.56%
566:Malayalam
560:Languages
479:Indonesia
353:Singapore
299:Australia
159:1,014,000
54:Malayalis
7055:Adivasis
7012:Mappilas
6979:Religion
6926:Marayoor
6787:Agencies
6779:Politics
6616:Archived
6515:Archived
6490:Archived
6464:Archived
6430:Archived
6404:Archived
6362:Archived
6331:Archived
6212:Archived
6135:Archived
6096:Archived
6058:Archived
6019:Archived
5986:Archived
5900:Archived
5783:Archived
5728:Archived
5672:Archived
5594:Archived
5545:Archived
5508:Archived
5459:Archived
5426:Archived
5387:Archived
5348:Archived
5285:Archived
5246:Archived
5218:Archived
5190:Archived
5151:Archived
5100:Archived
5015:10 April
5009:Archived
4930:Archived
4903:Archived
4872:Archived
4844:archived
4783:Archived
4744:Archived
4630:Archived
4549:Archived
4525:17 April
4519:Archived
4486:Archived
4324:Archived
4236:30 March
4230:Archived
4204:Archived
4155:Archived
4120:Archived
4064:Archived
4038:Archived
4008:cite web
3979:Archived
3923:Archived
3897:Archived
3871:Archived
3815:Archived
3785:Archived
3726:27 March
3720:Archived
3700:18 April
3694:Archived
3668:Archived
3646:Archived
3613:Archived
3586:18 April
3577:Archived
3475:Malabars
3469:See also
3456:and the
3382:made of
3376:molasses
3341:cardamom
3307:Yemenese
3240:papadams
3222:puzhukku
3128:Typical
3035:Aranmula
2916:pulluvar
2869:Pothuval
2828:Jayadeva
2680:hinduism
2592:wedding.
2352:Tharavad
2347:Tharavad
2313:Malaysia
2207:Jnanpith
2141:Palakkad
2058:such as
1857:Malaysia
1838:European
1695:Virajpet
1663:Eranadan
1590:Malabari
1586:Malayali
1581:Malabari
1443:Malabars
1388:Malaysia
1352:Malaysia
1304:Palakkad
1211:) are a
1209:Keralite
1106:Politics
947:Charvaka
932:Buddhism
922:Hinduism
910:Religion
877:Language
781:Kakatiya
771:Chalukya
654:Language
604:(mainly
593:Minority
589:- 54.73%
587:Hinduism
578:Majority
572:Religion
407:Pakistan
249:300,000
231:369,000
227:Malaysia
58:മലയാളികൾ
7483:Wayanad
7438:Kovalam
7375:Tourism
7315:Sopanam
7300:Kolkali
7185:Theyyam
7160:Kolkali
7114:Cuisine
7092:Culture
7070:Tourism
7045:Pulayar
7030:Ezhavas
7016:Thiyyas
6975:Economy
6672:History
6279:"Music"
4936:12 June
4909:12 June
4555:12 June
4330:19 July
4096:22 July
3761:14 July
3674:17 July
3396:Chapati
3392:dessert
3372:coconut
3364:raisins
3349:Biryani
3332:Pathiri
3303:Persian
3295:Mappila
3227:Coconut
3180:theeyal
3150:payasam
3138:sadhyas
3114:Cuisine
3055:Haripad
2816:Sopanam
2777:mimicry
2688:Kolkali
2684:Theyyam
2676:Theyyam
2618:secular
2610:Theyyam
2602:thullal
2590:Nasrani
2570:posture
2505:called
2410:Varkala
2402:Ponnani
2396:around
2394:Muslims
2390:Thiyyar
2358:is the
2293:Ponnani
2263:of the
2190:lyrical
2145:Thullal
2127:), and
2056:Ballads
2020:Pazhama
2012:Wayanad
1945:English
1926:Mappila
1906:Ptolemy
1846:Chennai
1818:Bahrain
1722:Chennai
1707:Wayanad
1560:Persian
1548:Malabar
1536:Malanad
1532:Malabar
1528:Munibar
1524:Mulibar
1520:Manibar
1516:Malibar
1504:Malabar
1452:Malabar
1430:Malabar
1424:in the
1421:Malabar
1332:Bahrain
1330:(UAE),
1306:Rajas.
1270:of the
1206:demonym
1093:Koragas
1088:Soligas
1078:Paniyas
1073:Kurukhs
1068:Kodavas
1036:Tuluvas
1026:Telugus
1016:Kodavas
960:Regions
942:Ājīvika
937:Śramaṇa
927:Jainism
844:Culture
806:Aravidu
791:Sangama
786:Hoysala
776:Pallava
756:Pandyan
719:History
664:Country
533:Finland
515:Austria
425:Germany
371:Ireland
285:101,556
281:Bahrain
267:195,300
213:595,000
195:634,728
177:745,000
129:54,267
7512:Portal
7448:Munnar
7413:Kollam
7290:Chenda
7216:Pooram
6664:topics
6661:Kerala
6582:
6258:
6204:
6169:
6127:
6088:
6050:
5892:
5811:
5789:27 May
5734:27 May
5707:27 May
5678:27 May
5588:
5502:
5418:
5379:
5340:
5277:
5182:
5092:
5047:
4878:9 June
4850:9 June
4775:
4719:
4692:
4682:
4657:
4612:
4602:
4492:8 June
4458:
4438:
4316:
4259:
4161:25 May
4044:17 May
3458:Cholas
3454:Cheras
3442:kalari
3360:banana
3327:Irachi
3299:Kerala
3186:thoran
3174:kaalan
3168:aviyal
3162:sambar
3156:sadhya
3144:sadhya
3106:, and
3043:Arjuna
2997:, and
2932:Arabic
2899:&
2865:Maarar
2857:idakka
2852:shrine
2812:Kerala
2781:parody
2736:Oppana
2699:Kerala
2650:UNESCO
2408:, and
2400:, and
2398:Kannur
2364:Kerala
2321:Muslim
2309:Kerala
2249:, and
2229:, and
2117:Kannur
2088:, two
1929:Muslim
1891:Cholas
1842:London
1834:Kuwait
1778:Europe
1766:Canada
1760:, the
1746:Mumbai
1718:Malaya
1659:Yerava
1564:Arabic
1526:, and
1456:Kerala
1392:Tamils
1376:Canada
1366:(UK),
1358:, the
1348:Kuwait
1302:, and
1266:, and
1258:, the
1236:Kerala
1220:Kerala
1063:Khonds
1041:Irulas
1031:Tamils
989:People
801:Tuluva
796:Saluva
702:Origin
644:People
634:Person
548:
530:
512:
497:Poland
494:
476:
443:France
440:
422:
404:
386:
375:24,674
368:
357:26,000
350:
339:45,264
332:
321:77,910
317:Canada
314:
303:78,738
296:
278:
260:
242:
224:
206:
191:Kuwait
188:
170:
152:
118:Kerala
106:
7526:India
7398:Bekal
7282:Music
7206:Vishu
7007:Nairs
6705:Chera
6120:India
4815:(PDF)
4808:(PDF)
4581:(PDF)
4574:(PDF)
3755:(PDF)
3748:(PDF)
3580:(PDF)
3573:(PDF)
3536:Notes
3368:sugar
3345:clove
3319:curry
3277:Appam
3262:puttu
3252:paani
3246:puttu
3234:Puttu
3216:puttu
3210:kappa
3204:appam
3100:Vishu
3063:Kochi
2850:of a
2820:Kalam
2808:prose
2598:attom
2414:Edava
2386:Nairs
2125:Tirur
1904:with
1826:Qatar
1726:Delhi
1566:word
1554:word
1490:word
1344:Qatar
1228:India
1083:Malar
1046:Nagas
816:Reddy
811:Nayak
751:Chera
746:Chola
602:Islam
551:Japan
519:3,785
501:7,122
483:4,000
465:5,000
447:5,000
411:6,000
393:9,024
173:Qatar
109:India
7211:Onam
7104:Arts
6580:ISBN
6472:2021
6438:2022
6412:2021
6370:2019
6339:2019
6291:2009
6256:ISBN
6220:2020
6202:ISBN
6167:ISBN
6143:2016
6125:ISBN
6104:2016
6086:ISBN
6066:2016
6048:ISBN
6027:2009
5994:2016
5945:2009
5908:2016
5890:ISBN
5869:2017
5841:2017
5809:ASIN
5791:2021
5736:2021
5709:2021
5680:2021
5634:2009
5602:2021
5586:ISSN
5553:2021
5516:2021
5500:ISSN
5467:2007
5434:2012
5416:ISBN
5395:2012
5377:ISBN
5356:2012
5338:ISBN
5317:2012
5293:2012
5275:ISBN
5254:2012
5226:2012
5198:2012
5180:ISBN
5159:2017
5108:2016
5090:ISBN
5045:ISBN
5017:2021
4938:2021
4911:2021
4880:2021
4852:2021
4823:2014
4791:2020
4773:ISBN
4752:2020
4717:ASIN
4690:OCLC
4680:ISBN
4655:ISBN
4610:OCLC
4600:ISBN
4557:2022
4527:2020
4494:2021
4456:ISBN
4436:ISBN
4332:2020
4314:ISBN
4257:ISBN
4238:2014
4163:2013
4128:2017
4098:2019
4072:2017
4046:2023
4021:help
3987:2015
3957:2020
3931:2023
3905:2019
3879:2017
3849:2022
3823:2014
3793:2014
3763:2014
3728:2023
3702:2023
3676:2019
3621:2014
3588:2023
3390:, a
3384:eggs
3366:and
3343:and
3311:Arab
3309:and
3096:Onam
3082:Onam
3041:and
2867:and
2824:Kali
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