Malays (ethnic group)

4612: 1986: 5177: 1283: 2427:'s vision of using the island as a hub for a global submarine cable network. With its deep natural harbor, Langkawi was strategically positioned between German territories in China and the Pacific, facilitating warship restocking and enhancing commercial interests for German investors. In October 1899, Behn, Meyer & Co approached Kedah's Crown Prince to lease the island for 50 years, but the plan faltered due to Siam's refusal, as dictated by the Secret Siamese Treaty of 1897, which required British consent for territorial concessions. A subsequent attempt in 1900 to acquire Pulau Lontar was similarly dismissed, prompting British concerns over potential German expansion in the region and its implications for their economic and political dominance. 1004: 6951: 1422: 7322: 6705: 5396: 6240: 624: 3312:, animals and people. The classical Malay folklore is composed of traditional songs and music, heroic poems, animal fables, ghost stories, past events, fairy tales, symbolic lore, myths and bardic tales. Each of the stories possessed its own energy in terms of character, spirit, backdrop and storytelling and was largely crafted with the intend of happiness, guidance, educating, reminiscing, explaining, among few. The folklore were memorised and passed from one generation of storytellers to the next. Many of these tales were also written down by 3580: 2625: 2442: 7597: 3843: 3743: 5078: 6903: 6420: 7738: 5503: 3459: 3058:, which the oldest form dating back to 1303 CE. Malay evolved into Classical Malay through the gradual influx of numerous Arabic and Persian vocabulary when Islam made its way to the region, changing significantly in the process. Initially, Classical Malay was a diverse group of dialects, reflecting the varied origins of the Malay kingdoms of Southeast Asia. One of these dialects, that was developed in the literary tradition of the Malacca Sultanate in the 15th century, eventually became predominant. 1019: 6003: 1870:. By the middle of the 15th century, Brunei entered into a close relationship with the Malacca Sultanate. The sultan married a Malaccan princess, adopted Islam as the court religion, and introduced an efficient administration modelled on Malacca. Brunei profited from trade with Malacca but gained even greater prosperity after the great Malay port was conquered by the Portuguese in 1511. It reached its golden age in the mid-16th century when it controlled land as far south as present day 7833: 6306: 7128: 7585: 4168: 2971: 7230: 6718: 7572: 7115: 6560: 3962: 1847: 643: 7019: 7777: 3241: 14260: 14236: 7706: 7178: 6768: 6610: 1739: 14248: 14272: 6383: 7672: 7462: 7140: 6993: 6731: 6573: 14284: 7640: 7050: 6484: 6345: 4898: 294: 6459: 7282: 7165: 6891: 6743: 6597: 6472: 5742: 6665: 7514: 7474: 7450: 7152: 6915: 6879: 6806: 6755: 6585: 6496: 7415: 7560: 7102: 6547: 6360: 1035: 1621: 7426: 2338: 7393: 6330: 57: 5664: 1122: 7438: 6939: 6928: 7404: 2742: 2072: 1335:) instead developed locally from the first human settlers and expanded to the mainland. Proponents of this theory hold that this expansion gives a far more parsimonious explanation of the linguistic, archaeological, and anthropological evidence than earlier models, particularly the Taiwan model. This theory also draws support from recent genetic evidence by 4919:

merchants from east and west to the harbours of Malay Archipelago, together they bought new luxurious items, including fine cotton and silks. The garments subsequently become a source of high Malay fashion and acquired a cultural role as the binding identity in the archipelago, especially in the peninsula, Sumatra and the coastal areas of Borneo.

6185:, where 'Dato' Seri' is a Malay title of honour, 'Mohd Najib' is his personal name, 'bin' is derived from an Arabic word Ibnu meaning "son of" if in case of daughter it is replaced with binti, an Arabic word "bintun" meaning "daughter of", introduces his father's titles and names, 'Tun' is a higher honour, 'Haji' denotes his father's 5718:(the Struggle Keris, literally defined as his personal Keris). There are many strict rules, regulations and taboos to be adhered to in owning a Keris. The blade of a Kris is usually coated with poisonous arsenic, thus crafting an excruciatingly lethal blade for its prey. Traditionally, each Keris is also regarded as possessing a 3984:. The Malays had traditionally adorned their monuments, boats, weapons, tombs, musical instrument, and utensils by motives of flora, calligraphy, geometry and cosmic features. The art is done by partially removing the wood using sharp tools and following specific patterns, composition and orders. The art form, known as 1058:, to allude to a clearly different ethnological cluster, is assumed to have been made fashionable throughout the integration of the Malacca Sultanate as a regional power in the 15th century. It was applied to report the social partialities of the Malaccans as opposed to foreigners as of the similar area, especially the 8214: 2684:" united people from the various parts of the Dutch colony in the development of a national consciousness as "Indonesians". In Brunei, despite some attempt made to arouse Malay political consciousness between 1942 and 1945, there was no significant history of ethnic-based nationalism. In Thailand however, 1796:

in the east. As a Malaccan state religion, Islam brought many great transformation into the Malaccan society and culture, and It became the primary instrument in the evolution of a common Malay identity. The Malaccan era witnessed the close association of Islam with Malay society and how it developed

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The traditional Malay apparel and textile has been continuously morphed since the time of antiquity. Historically, the ancient Malays were chronicled to incorporate various natural materials as a vital source for fabrics, clothing and attire. The common era however, witnessing the early arrivals the

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pertaining to Keris-wearing. Traditionally, a Malay would embedded his Keris from the front, an honour that the weapon is more paramount compared to the wearer and a constant reminder that one is always equipped to combat the nemesis. The Javanese however, adhered to the principle that he should be

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The usage of brassware transcends a plethora of classical Malay social classes, being used by the members of nobility and commoners alike. The popularity of brassware is heavily contributed due to its durability, quality and affordability to all. The brassware can be narrowed into two distinctions,

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was used replacing the Kawi script, Islamic religious and cultural terminologies were abundantly assimilated, discarding many Hindu-Buddhist words, and Malay became the language of Islamic medium of instruction and dissemination throughout Southeast Asian region. At the height of Malacca's power in

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The cultivation of Malay polity system also diffused beyond the proper Sumatran-Peninsular border during this era. The age avowed by exploration and migration of the Malays to establish kingdoms beyond the traditional Srivijayan realm. Several exemplification are the enthronement of a Tambralingan

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was outgoing from the Philippines rather than Taiwan, and that modern Austronesian-speaking peoples, such as the Malays, have largely ancestry from the earliest Basal-East Asians, Austroasiatic migrants from Mainland Southeast Asia, and Austronesian-speaking seafarers from the Philippines, without

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has further theorised that the expansion of peoples occurred in three rapid surges due to rising sea levels at the end of the Ice Age, and that this diaspora spread the peoples and their associated cultures, myths, and technologies not just to mainland Southeast Asia, but as far as India, the Near

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in the 15th century, the sultan prohibited his female Muslim subjects in the public from wearing only a sarong from the bust downwards. Throughout the ages, The Malay Baju Kurung went into several reincarnation before assuming its current form. Due to the vastness of various Malay kingdoms in the

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A typical Malay traditional houses or mosque would have been adorned with more than 20 carved components. The carving on the walls and the panels allow the air breeze to circulate effectively in and out of the building and can let the sunlight illuminate the interior of the structure. At the same

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was mentioned often in Chinese historical texts — with changes in spelling due to the time span between the dynasties — to refer to a nation near the southern sea. Among the terms used was "Bôk-lá-yù", "Mók-là-yū" (木剌由), Má-lì-yù-er (麻里予兒), Oō-laì-yu (巫来由) — traced from the written source of monk

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Malay personal names are complex, reflecting the hierarchical nature of the society, and titles are considered important. Naming has undergone tremendous change, evolving with the times to reflect the different influences that the Malays been subjected to over the ages. Although some Malay names

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and other repertoire of dance-play. However, both of the practice is gradually extinct owing from various social and economic revolution engineered in the Malay community in the 20th century. Additionally, many Malays are also known to participate in the imperial celebrations to honour the royal

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in many other East Asian cultures. Although there are various type of dishes in a Malay meal, all are served at once, not in courses. Food is eaten delicately with the fingers of right hand, never with the left which is used for personal ablutions, and Malays rarely use utensils. Because most of

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suggesting that the primary peopling of Asia occurred in a single migration through Southeast Asia; this route is held to be the modern Malay area and that the diversity in the area developed mainly in-place without requiring major migrations from the mainland. The expansion itself may have been

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and also by the skillfulness of the woodcarvers that have allowed the Malays to practice woodcarving as a craft. The natural tropical settings where flora and fauna are abundant has inspired the motives to be depicted in abstract or stylised form into the timber board. With the coming of Islam,

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theory (published in 1889) – The theory of Proto-Malays originating from Yunnan approximately 4,000 to 6,000 years ago. The theory is supported by R.H Geldern and his team who theorized that their migration occurred from the Mekong River to the Malay Peninsula. Other evidence that supports this

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The corresponding mode of Baju Kurung for men is known as "Baju Melayu". The upper part of the garment was made with the geometrical design almost similar with Baju Kurung and commonly paired with woven cloth known as the sarong. The pattern of the sarong may possessed a symbol of the person's

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and can consiste of up to four parts; a title, a given name, the family name, and a description of the individual's male parentage. Some given names and father's names can be composed of double names and even triple names, thereby generating a longer name. For example, one Malaysian national

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Classical Malay dress varies between different regions, but the most profound traditional dress in modern-day are Baju Kurung (for women) and Baju Melayu (for men), which both recognised as the national dress for Malaysia and Brunei, and also worn by Malay communities in Indonesia, Singapore,

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which serve as the main units in society. These kampungs were normally situated on the riverbanks or coastal areas and generally self-sufficient in food and other necessities. By the end of the 1st century BCE, these kampungs were beginning to engage in some trade with the outside world. The

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According to several studies, the native Malay pottery industry has developed indigenously from the period of great antiquity and has since encapsulates a high-level of culture sophistication. It also has been noted that the design features of the Malay pottery suggested the absence of the

1265:, all of which now speak languages that belong to the Austronesian Language family. The final migration was to the Malay Peninsula roughly 3,000 years ago. A sub-group from Borneo moved to Champa in modern-day Central and South Vietnam roughly 4,500 years ago. There are also traces of the 5455:

has contributed to the spread of this martial art in the Malay Archipelago. Through a complex maze of sea channels and river capillaries that facilitated exchange and trade throughout the region, Silat wound its way into the dense rainforest and up into the mountains. The legendary

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In contrast to Baju Melayu which continued to be worn as ceremonial dress only, Baju Kurung is worn daily throughout the year by a majority of Malay women. Sighting of female civil servants, professional workers and students wearing Baju Kurung is common in Malaysia and Brunei.

3766:, Indian and Europeans, played a major role in forming Malay architecture. Until recent time, wood was the principal material used for all Malay traditional buildings. However, numerous stone structures were also discovered particularly the religious complexes from the time of 3284:

Considering the softness and mellifluence of the Malay language, which lends itself easily to the requirements of rhyme and rhythm, the originality and beauty in Malay literature can be assessed in its poetical elements. Among the forms of poetry in Malay literature are — the

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sect flourished in the Malay world under the Malacca Sultanate. In contrast with Hinduism, which superficially transformed early Malay society, Islam can be said to have been fully integrated into the daily life of the population. Since this era, the Malays are considered as

1484:. Throughout this area a most profound in influence has been exerted by India which seems to have introduced into it architecture, sculpture, writing, monarchy, religion, iron, cotton and a host of elements of higher culture. Indian religions, cultural traditions and 2920:

plan. By July, UMNO succeeded in obtaining an agreement with the British to begin negotiations for a new constitution. Negotiations continued from August to November, between British officials on the one hand, and the Sultans' representatives and UMNO and the other.

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During the classical era, a Malay man was not seen without a Keris outside of his house. The absence of a Keris on a man was frowned upon, perceived as if he were parading naked to the public. Traditionally, a man of Malay extraction would own three types of Keris:

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have all been perfectly molded to become part and parcel to the Malay society. The era witnessed the works of metal received a critical royal patronage. A multitude of Malay metalworks manifested as evidence of this era, raging from a peculiar Malay dagger known as

5436:. Archaeological evidence reveals that, by the 6th century, formalised combat arts were being practised in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. The earliest forms of Silat are believed to have been developed and used in the armed forces of the ancient Malay kingdoms of 8210: 2438:, posed a serious threat to the British economic interest and political dominance in the region. Severely alarmed, the British and the Siamese entered the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, partitioning the peninsula between the British and the Siamese jurisdiction. 1225:

The New Guinea/Seafarers theory (published in 1965) – The migration of seafarers with strong oceanographic skills who travelled from island to island between New Zealand and Madagascar. The theory claims the Malay's morphology at the time were similar to that of

2916:. The new movement forged a close political link between rulers and subjects never before achieved. It generated an excited Malay public opinion which, together with the surprising political apathy of the non-Malays, led to Britain's abandonment of the radical 5133:

are hailed as the grand celebrations universally across the Malay community. The two holidays are instrumental to commentate two major events and philosophy in the Islamic teaching and beliefs. The former signifies the triumph as a Muslim after a month of

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in the 11th century. After the fall of Srivijaya in 1025 CE, the Malayu kingdom of Jambi, Sumatra, became the most dominant Malay state of the region. By the end of the 13th century, the remnants of the Malay empire in Sumatra was finally destroyed by the

1547:. Early during this period, the earliest known mention of the word "Malayu" was used in Chinese sources in 644 CE. Later in the mid-14th century, the word Malay was already recognized as a collective people sharing similar heritage, customs and language. 2412:. Though some of Malay sultans maintain their power under Dutch control, some were abolished by the Dutch government under the accusation of retaliation against the colonial rule, like the case of Palembang Sultanate in 1823, Jambi Sultanate in 1906 and 5701:

in the 15th century, the evolution of the Malay Keris was perfected and possession of a Keris came to be regarded as in integral part of Malay culture, becoming a philosophical symbol, juxtapositioned in prestige, craftsmanship, masculinity and honour.

2604:, the Japanese maintained a favourable relationship with the Sultans and other Malay leaders, this is partially composed to foster the trust of the Malay public that was generally loyal towards the sultan. Nonetheless, in a series of massacres known as 13097:

Oppenheimer, Stephen (2006). "The 'Austronesian' Story and Farming-language Dispersals: Caveats on the Timing and Independence in Proxy Lines of Evidence from the Indo-European Model". In Bacas, Elizabeth A.; Glover, Ian C.; Pigott, Vincent C. (eds.).

5375:. During this ceremony, the whole family would be assisted by their neighbours and relatives, delegating various tasks raging from food preparations, venue management, logistic assembly and other technical control. Nevertheless, following the rise of 6040:

is one of the most popular Malay games and has been played for centuries. Traditionally, Sepak raga was played in circle by kicking and keeps aloft the rattan ball using any part of the body except the arms and hands. It is now recognised as

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which politicised the position of the Malays in the face of colonialism and alien immigration of non-Malays. In spite of repressions imposed by the British colonial government, there were no less than 147 journals and newspapers published in

4049:, a paradigm of talent, embroidered with aesthetic, legacy, perseverance and religious devotion. The Malay earthen is usually unglazed, with the ornamental designs were carved when the pottery is semi-dried during its construction process. 5797:

There are also a plethora of other forms of weaponry in the Malay arsenal, all were nevertheless equally revered in a correlating manner as the Keris. The Malays would classified the traditional weapons under 7 different structures:

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dietary law rigorously. Protein intake are mostly taken from beef, water buffalo, goat, and lamb meat, and also includes poultry and fishes. Pork and any non-halal meats, also alcohol is prohibited and absent from Malay daily diet.

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when Indian cultures and religions began penetrating the region. Old Malay contained some terms last until today, but remained unintelligible to modern speakers, while the modern language is already largely recognisable in written

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was born. The new constitutional arrangement largely reverted to the basic pattern of pre-war colonial rule and built on the supremacy of the individual Malay states. Malay rights and privileges were safeguarded. The traditional

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and the northern Philippines between 10,000 to 7,000 BCE from coastal southern China, and spread from there throughout Insular Southeast Asia. The authors concluded that the Austronesian expansion into Insular Southeast Asia and

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There is considerable linguistic, cultural, artistic and social diversity among the many Malay subgroups, mainly due to hundreds of years of immigration and assimilation of various regional ethnicity and tribes within

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more cautious and the Keris may solely be exercised during the time of need, thus cladding their Keris from behind. The Javanese also believed that by carrying their weapon that position, it would confuse the enemy.

7942:) according to the Indonesian government version, namely Melayu Asahan, Melayu Deli, Melayu Riau, Langkat/ Melayu Langkat, Melayu Banyu Asin, Asahan, Melayu, Melayu Lahat, and Melayu Semendo in some part of Sumatra 6103:. The game is played by moving stones, marbles, beads or shells around a wooden board consisting of twelve or more holes. Mancala is acknowledged as the oldest game in the world and can be traced its origin since 5611:

techniques, in which the traditional methods can still be witnessed today. In the contemporary era, Malay gold jewels are mainly found in the form of anklets, bracelets, rings, necklaces, pendants and earrings.

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but conservative estimates place the earliest arrivals on Malay shores at least 2,000 years ago. The discovery of jetty remains, iron smelting sites, and a clay brick monument dating back to 110 CE in the

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Larena, Maximilian; Sanchez-Quinto, Federico; Sjödin, Per; McKenna, James; Ebeo, Carlo; Reyes, Rebecca; Casel, Ophelia; Huang, Jin-Yuan; Hagada, Kim Pullupul; Guilay, Dennis; Reyes, Jennelyn (30 March 2021).

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migration from Vietnam and Cambodia. All these groups share DNA and linguistic origins traceable to the island that is today Taiwan, and the ancestors of these ancient people are traceable to southern China.

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form were introduced in the wood carving. The woods used are typically from tropical hardwood species which is known to be durable and can resist the attacks of fungi, power-boots beetles and termites.

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were introduced by South Asian traders to the Malay Archipelago, where they flourished until the 13th century, just before the arrival of Islam brought by Arab, South Asian and Chinese Muslim traders.

4587:, a hybrid of Malay and Peranakan Chinese cuisine is also a popular dish. Malay cuisine also adopted and received visible influence from some of their closest neighbours' cuisine traditions, such as 3508:. These works are indeed important as it serve as references to the Malay knowledge and technology during the classical era. Other 19th century Malay texts were written in Sumatra, these include the 5790:

of the Keris. If the hilt faced up front, it serves as a testament that the man is prepared for a fight. Nevertheless, if the hilt is turned behind, it is an oath that the person is embracing for a

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for Malays to convert out of Islam in Malaysia and Brunei. However, there are a number of ethnic Malays living outside of these countries have also embraced other religions legally under the law.

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time, the shadow cast by the panels would also create a shadow based on the motives adding the beauty on the floor. Thus, the carved components perform both functional and aesthetic purposes.

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in Jawi script. At its height, the Malacca Sultanate was not only the center of Islamisation, but also the center of Malay cultural expressions including literature. During this era, notable

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thus retained their prerogatives, while their English-educated descendants came to occupy positions of authority at the centre, which was being progressively decolonised. In August 1957, the

3535:. Abdullah is regarded as the most cultured Malay who ever wrote, one of the greatest innovators in Malay letters and the father of modern Malay literature. His most important works are the 3343:

When Indian influences made their way to the Malay Archipelago around 2000 years ago, Malay literature began incorporating Indian elements. Literature of this time is mostly translations of

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The Malaccan era was marked with the transformation of the Malay language into an Islamic language, in similar fashion to Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Swahili. An adapted Arabic script called

5599:(hairpins) were staged to become among the most sought item of fashion. The era also hosted a number of other prominent items in the Malay regalia cast in gold, including ceremonial box, 14174: 5623:

techniques. The common traditional Malay items usually made of silver include pillow ends, belt buckles, matt corners, stoppers for water vessels, Keris sheaths and tobacco boxes. The

2811:('Malay Associations') in various parts of the country with the primary goals of advancing and protecting the interests of Malays. In March 1946, 41 of these Malay associations formed 11447: 3862:

and mentioned the city as being surrounded by a wall on which towers had been built and was approached through double gates. Another 7th-century account of a special Chinese envoy to

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Despite the widespread distribution of the Malay population throughout the Malay Archipelago, modern Malay nationalism was only significantly mobilised in the early twentieth century

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Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Musta'in Billah

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of Malay courts since the arrival of Islam in the 12th century and only performed in important court ceremonies. Its orchestra includes the sacred and highly revered instruments of

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orchestra. Additionally, other prominent traditional Malay items made from metal includes flower vases, perfume sprinkles, serving trays, cooking pots, kettle and incense burners.

1609:. His dynasty ruled the island kingdom until the end of the 14th century, when the Malay polity once again faced the wrath of Javanese invaders. In 1400, his great-great-grandson, 3866:

in the Malay Peninsula, recorded that the capital city had three gates more than a hundred paces apart, which were decorated with paintings of Buddhist themes and female spirits.

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There are also a plethora of domestic regional cultural festivals and social events within different the Malay spheres. The coastal areas were historically known to observed the

5173:, holding a grand feast and visiting friends, relatives and neighbours. A visit to the grave of the departed loved ones is also essential, as a sign of respect, love and honour. 922:". In response to the Sukhothai's action, a Chinese envoy went to the Ram Khamhaeng's court in 1295 bearing an imperial decree: "Keep your promise and do no evil to Ma-li-yu-er". 498:

in the 15th century triggered a major revolution in Malay history, the significance of which lies in its far-reaching political and cultural legacy. Common definitive markers of

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is considered as forbidden in Islam. The interpretation was then absorbed to the Malay way of dressing and cultural perspective, this can be strongly witnessed upon the rule of

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was largely mobilised by three nationalist factions — the radicals distinguishable into the Malay left and the Islamic group which were both opposed to the conservative elites.

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sought to gain independence under the name of Republic of Riau. Nevertheless, what follows is specific to the peninsula Malay nationalism that resulted in the formation of the

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The definition of the Malay ethnicity can be different in every country, especially between those of Malaysia and Singapore, which are nearly the same, and that of Indonesia.

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and traditionally had a close identification with Islam and they have not changed their religion since. This identity is so strong that it is said to become Muslim was to

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in 1839. In 1902, the Siamese stripped the political powers of all the 7 kingdoms of Patani following a planned revolt for independence against the central government. The

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stressed the special place occupied by textiles. The Malay handloom industry can be traced its origin since the 13th century when the eastern trade route flourished under

3883:, the building had a raised seven bay structures on wooden pillars with a seven tiered roof in cooper shingles and decorated with gilded spires and Chinese glass mirrors. 3565:

1854). His work was an inspiration to future generations of writers and marks an early stage in the transition from classical Malay literature to modern Malay literature.

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Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien

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Early reference on Malay architecture in the Malay Peninsula can be found in several Chinese records. A 7th-century Chinese account tells of Buddhist pilgrims calling at

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Although only constituting 3.4% of the total population, ethnic Malays are one of the most widely distributed ethnicities in Indonesia. As shown on the map, outside the

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The Malays have diverse kinds of music and dance which are fusions of different cultural influences. Typical genres range from traditional Malay folk dances dramas like

2115:. The Malacca Sultanate Itself fought two wars with the Siamese while the northern Malay states came intermittently under Siamese dominance for centuries. In 1771, the 4998:, local and distinct forms of the Baju Kurung design patterns can also be witnessed in the region, including Bengkulu, Kedah, Jambi, Johor-Riau, Pahang and Palembang. 1352:

East, and the Mediterranean. Reviewers have found his proposals for the original settlement and dispersal worthy of further study, but have been sceptical of his more

5367:(prayers for a deceased person), among few. The event is usually organised by the family and was traditionally aided by the community in a social gathering known as 6084:(a unique kind of kite from the east coast of the Malay Peninsula) or kite flying. Wau-flying competitions take place with judges awarding points for craftsmanship ( 3112: 2525:

were all being divorced into the Siamese hands, a similar fate was also followed in northeastern coast of Kelantan that was demanded to renounced their right on the

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in the 12th century. Between the 13th to early 14th century, the kingdom succeeded to incorporate most of the Malay Peninsula under its mandala. The campaign led by

13797: 4981:, literary defined as "encase the body" of the wearer is tailored based on the Islamic principles of modesty, decency and humility. The practice is parallel to the 2616:

against the Japanese. It was believed that West Kalimantan took two generations to recover from the near-total collapse of the Malay ruling class in the territory.

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and the rise of the great port-city of Malacca on the southwestern coast of the Malay Peninsula — two major developments that altered the course of Malay history.

12110: 522:, traditional dress, performing arts, martial arts and royal court traditions, Malacca set a standard that later Malay sultanates emulated. The golden age of the 13174: 13002: 3670:

were abandoned by the Malays in Malaysia, whereas in among Malays in Indonesia, these traditions are not considered as superstitious and containing elements of

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or Sulalatus Salatin. It was called "the most famous, distinctive and best of all Malay literary works" by one of the most prominent scholars in Malay studies,

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The Malaysian census data does not distinguish non-Malay Indonesian ethnic groups (such as the Javanese) as separate ethnicities but include them among the "

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tried to resist Brunei's and Islam's spread into the Philippines. Brunei's fairly loose river based governmental presence in Borneo projected the process of

1617:. The new kingdom succeeded Srivijaya and inherited much of the royal and cultural traditions, including a large part of the territories of its predecessor. 11810: 11343:. The Sixth International Symposium on Malay/Indonesian Linguistics, 3 – 5 August 2002, Nirwana Resort Hotel, Bintan Island, Riau, Indonesia. Archived from 3500:(Book of Traditional Weaponry) that provides valuable details of traditional Malay ammunition and weaponry. The era also witnessed the wider usage of Malay 14678: 14488: 4611: 11233: 8720: 1997:

descent. The sultanate would be abolished almost half a century later in 1911 by the Dutch powers, following its strong independence movement against the

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are among the examples that associated with the architectural elements of Srivijaya Empire. However, Srivijayan architecture was mostly represented at

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into a definitive marker of Malay identity. Over time, this common Malay cultural idiom came to characterise much of the Malay Archipelago through the

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as constituting the key pillars of Malayness, but within a secular state that restricted the political role of Islam. The leftists concurred with the

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consisted of the westernised elites who were bureaucrats and members of royal families that shared a common English education mostly at the exclusive

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The extent of the Malaccan Sultanate in the 15th century, the legacy of the Malaccan court can be strongly witnessed in the construction of the Malay

14316: 4583:, a type of curry dish with variations of spices mixtures that clearly display Indian influence already adopted by Malay people since ancient times. 1097:(ca. 1700, manuscript ca. 1849) only identifies the Malay people as the subject of Malacca Sultanate; Brunei, at that time, is not considered Malay. 13624: 8126: 4103:. It is held that the structure of the earthen would aid the heat to be evenly distributed, correlating to its round base. A smaller version of the 2826:

has been the fundamental basis for Malay ideology and Malay nationalism in Malaysia. All three Malay nationalist factions believed in the idea of a

16974: 15281: 15261: 14729: 5311:, a religious ceremonial banquet to celebrate or to seek blessing for an event. There are several philosophical variations of kenduri, raging from 3796:) in the Malay Peninsula, which was an important centre during the Srivijaya period. The type of structure consists of a cell-chamber to house the 12036: 1384:

at ~50,000 BCE, and expanded through multiple migration waves southwards and northwards respectively. Basal-East Asian ancestry, as well as later

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down south, the spread of the kris to other nations such as Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines, was credited to the growing influence of the

3906:. The beauty and quality of Malay wood carvings were meant to serve as visual indicators of the social rank and status of the owners themselves. 867: 1823:. However, Malacca remained an institutional prototype: a paradigm of statecraft and a point of cultural reference for successor states such as 15131: 14539: 6018:

Traditional Malay games usually require craft skills and manual dexterity and can be traced their origins since the days of Malacca Sultanate.

3232:

which eventually became the official modern script for Malay language in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia, and co-official script in Brunei.

1539:. Between the 7th and 13th centuries, many of these small, often prosperous peninsula and Sumatran maritime trading states, became part of the 3654:

have become intertwined among the Malays, with the spirits of the earlier animistic world and some elements of Hinduism. Following the 1970s,

15141: 14529: 8048: 6193:, and 'Abdul Razak' is his father's personal name. The more extremely complex Malay names however, belong to the Malay royalty. The reigning 5726:. Special rituals were to be conducted to nurture, preserve and guard the "soul" of the weapon. The spiritual approach is usually held every 11431: 11028: 10434: 8661: 4552:, rice broiled with ghee and spices is hailed as a ceremonial dish for special occasions, especially during the traditional Malay weddings. 566:"; this usage is nowadays largely confined to Malaysia and Singapore, where descendants of immigrants from these ethnic group are termed as 15886: 11338: 9881: 2593: 1218:

theory includes stone tools found in the Malay Archipelago being analogous to Central Asian tools, which shows the similarity of Malay and

5615:

For the Malay silverware, the works of silver are fairly known for its sophisticated and fine designs. It is usually crafted by repousse,

2569:, the sole Malay kingdom remained under Siamese territory in 1916. The treaty nonetheless, manage to seal the fate of the Malay states of 1977:(1771–1950), Mempawah Sultanate (1740–1950) and Matan Sultanate (1590–1948), Sanggau Sultanate, Sintang Sultanate, and Sekadau Sultanate. 10642: 8753: 7951:

The Singaporean census data does not distinguish non-Malay Indonesian ethnic groups as separate ethnicities but include them among the "

2830:('Malay Nation') and the position of Malay language, but disagreed over the role of Islam and Malay rulers. The conservatives supported 1282: 14452: 12575: 5303:

The Islamic features also strongly embroidered the Malay celebrations in the individual level, a juxtaposition bonded to the spiritual

1071: 12146: 10616: 17318: 3396:, which is dated to 1303, is the earliest known narrative Malay writing. The stone is inscribed with an account of history, law, and 3088:

was a pidgin and the most important development, however, has been that pidgin creolised, creating several new languages such as the

1540: 13684: 10248: 10153: 8546: 17308: 14481: 3647:

Nevertheless, the earlier beliefs having deeper roots, they have maintained themselves against the anathemas of Islam — and indeed

2612:

Malay sultans, including a large numbers of Malay intelligentsias after they have been falsely accused of planning an uprising and

2361:

conquistadors who arrived in the Philippines from Mexico. The war resulted in the end of the empire's dominance in the present-day

12356: 1476:

The growth of trade with India brought coastal people in much of maritime Southeast Asia into contact with the major religions of

638:. The Melayu-Srivijayans were known to construct complex building system in its capital, major cities and important urban centres. 16490: 15662: 13713: 7977:"Minister: Census shows Malaysia's oldest man and woman aged 120 and 118; preliminary census findings to be released in Feb 2022" 3839:

located on mountain tops, a feature which suggests may derive from pre-historic Malay beliefs regarding sanctity of high places.

3228:. Beginning from the 17th century, as a result of British and Dutch colonisation, Jawi was gradually replaced by the Latin-based 874:'s campaign in the 11th century. It may have been situated in Sumatra, between Pannai and Srivijaya (Palembang), possibly in the 13216: 8597: 3123:". It is also the most widely used during British and Dutch colonial era in the Malay Archipelago. The reversed was seen in the 825:) from Mo-lo-yu; therefore, it can be reasoned that Mo-Lo-Yu would lie halfway between the two places. A popular theory relates 17378: 17323: 16688: 16470: 15562: 1570:

of the region, replacing Sanskrit, the language of Hinduism. The Srivijayan era is considered the golden age of Malay culture.

608: 603:

Throughout their history, the Malays have been known as a coastal-trading community with fluid cultural characteristics. They

17433: 17423: 17254: 16485: 16371: 14309: 14199: 14111: 14093: 14016: 13985: 13967: 13907: 13889: 13861: 13843: 13822: 13787: 13769: 13590: 13572: 13554: 13536: 13518: 13495: 13442: 13424: 13406: 13305: 13268: 13147: 13126: 13107: 13076: 13053: 13035: 12977: 12949: 12926: 12908: 12874: 12853: 12792: 12748: 12714: 12687: 12643: 12623: 12605: 12565: 12535: 12514: 12496: 12468: 12450: 12432: 12414: 12380: 12340: 12322: 12297: 12279: 12261: 12221: 12203: 12136: 12084: 12026: 12008: 11990: 11951: 11914: 11884: 11866: 11848: 11800: 11760: 11731: 11680: 11657: 11617: 11599: 11562: 11544: 11526: 11508: 11490: 11472: 11387: 11327: 11263: 11223: 11205: 11142: 9145: 2601: 1648:

In the north of the peninsula, the power vacuum left by the collapse of Srivijaya was filled by the growth of the kingdom of

974:(to steadily accelerate), referring to the high mobility and migratory nature of its people. De Barros (1552) mentioned that 13082: 11686: 10015: 3419:

The rise of Malay literature during the period was also penned by other homegrown literary composition coloured by mystical

3273:

The rich oral literature and classical literature of the Malays contain a great number of portraits of the people, from the

17403: 16967: 16456: 12239: 11580: 11294: 9913:"Transcripts of Gender, Intimacy, and Islam in Southeast Asia: The "Outrageous" Texts of Raja Ali Haji and Khatijah Terung" 9025: 8156: 3543: 2640:

for "Never shall the Malays vanish from the face of the earth") written on the top. The quote is a famous rallying cry for

63: 13140:

India's Interaction with Southeast Asia: History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Vol. 1, Part 3

11633: 4734:

form the main repertoire. There are four distinctive types of shadow puppet theatre that can be found in Malay Peninsula;

2688:

against Thai rule is regarded by some historians as a part of the wider sphere of peninsular Malay nationalism. A similar

833:

in Sumatra, however the geographical location of Jambi contradicts with Yi Jing's description of a "half way sail between

17373: 17348: 14474: 13805: 2812: 2247: 1310:

who came equipped with more advanced farming techniques and new knowledge of metals. The Deutero-Malay settlers were not

12768: 11397: 11151:

Abdulla, M. A.; et al. (HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium) (December 2009). "Mapping Human Genetic Diversity in Asia".

8010: 5667:

A Malay Keris, with its sheath on the left. This particular dagger was historically belonged to a Malay aristocrat from

2745:

Federation of Malaya's commemorative stamp issued in 1957. The semi-independent federation was formed in 1948 from nine

15655: 13600: 13010: 12094: 9791: 9085: 3922: 3835:. Within an area of about 350 square kilometres, 87 early historic religious sites have been reported and there are 12 3685:

bath), a bathing festival to achieve spiritual purity, which can be discerned features similar to some of those of the

13241: 13208:

Masyarakat Melayu dan penanaman padi di Selatan Thailand : kajian kes di sebuah mubaan dalam Wilayah / Narathiwat

13158: 11724:

Ser Marco Polo; notes and addenda to Sir Henry Yule's edition, containing the results of recent research and discovery

10340: 9769: 3392:(Arabic based Malay script). Since then, Islamic beliefs and concepts began to make its mark on Malay literature. The 383:, as well as the smaller islands that lie between these locations. These locations are today part of the countries of 17413: 17408: 17393: 17383: 17363: 17358: 17353: 13508: 13315: 13286: 13168: 12810: 12653: 12104: 11369: 8655: 8510: 6364: 6243:

The realm of Malays is depicted in green and other related sub-ethnic groups are rendered in darker or lighter green.

4057:

prior to the 19th century, a paradox considering the vast cultural contact between the Malays and the outside world.

3553: 1729: 340: 13925: 13712:. International Conference on Minority Languages and Writing Systems held on 23–26 November 2007 in Beijing, China. 13213:

The Malay community and rice cultivation in southern Thailand: a case study in a regency in the Regions / Narathiwat

12966:

Indonesian Citizens' Nationality, Ethnicity, Religion, and Everyday Language – Results of the 2010 Population Census

10677: 8070: 5467:(Silat practitioners) in history and even considered by some as the father of Malay silat. Since the classical era, 870:. It was described as a kingdom that had "a strong mountain for its rampart" that fell to the Chola invaders during 17428: 17398: 17338: 17313: 16792: 14302: 13942: 5169:

which occurred a few days before the festival. During the Hari Raya, the Malays would celebrated by performing the

3583: 3224:

was adopted and is still in use today as one of the two official scripts in Brunei and as an alternative script in

3085: 3042: 2779:. In 1945, they reorganised themselves into a political party known as Partai Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya (PKMM). The 2365:. The decline further culminated in the 19th century, when the Sultanate lost most of its remaining territories in 13028:

Spirit of wood: the art of Malay woodcarving : works by master carvers from Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pattani

3485:. The exact date of its composition and the identity of its original author are uncertain, but under the order of 17418: 17388: 17368: 17343: 17259: 16960: 16624: 15606: 13683:(Working paper). CRISE: Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity. CRISE Working Paper 14. 11819: 8687: 8235: 7955:", even though, for instance, those of Javanese descent make up around 60% of the Singaporean "Malay" population. 7083: 5551: 3938: 3847: 3336: 2663: 2566: 2068:

the Portuguese from the peninsula. As per agreement with Johor in 1606, the Dutch later took control of Malacca.

1331:

populations of the Malay Peninsula, neighbouring Indonesian Archipelago, and the then-exposed continental shelf (

4922:

In Malay culture, clothes and textiles are revered as symbols of beauty, power and status. Numerous accounts in

3754:. This historical document had references to the construction and the architecture of palaces during the era of 2901:, drastically influenced their Malayan counterparts and politically motivating them against the PKMM's ideal of 2489:

under their dominion together with a cluster of northern Malay states. Nonetheless, they only managed to secure

762:

as one of the provinces in the eastern sea that was full of gold and silver. Some scholars equate the term with

16931: 16898: 16846: 16619: 12764: 8100: 3281:, from the ancient to the very contemporary periods, which together form the amorphous identity of the Malays. 3182: 2378: 2143:

in the 17th century. Between 1808 and 1813, the Siamese imposed a new administrative structure and created the

1669: 5471:

underwent great diversification and formed what is today traditionally recognised as the source of Indonesian

5093:), the oil lamps are traditionally used to illuminate homes and the streets during the Ramadhan. Seen here in 2060:

faced several unsuccessful retaliation attacks by Johor until 1614, when the combined forces of Johor and the

1773:, from around the 12th century. The earliest archaeological evidence of Islam from the Malay Peninsula is the 17438: 16655: 6147: 6107:. As the game dispersed around the globe, every culture has invented its own variation including the Malays. 3516:(A Compendium of Charms for Men and Women) by Khatijah Terung, a wife of Raja Haji Abdullah bin Raja Hassan. 2770: 2681: 2597: 1562:. Enjoying both Indian and Chinese patronage, its wealth was gained mostly through trade. At its height, the 1380:' (ESEA)), which is ancestral to modern East and Southeast Asians, Polynesians, and Siberians, originated in 13743: 11960:

Gibson-Hill, C. A. (July 1953). "Notes on the old Cannon found in Malaya, and known to be of Dutch origin".

11273: 2865:

in 1950, all traditional Malay monarchies in Indonesia were abolished, and the Sultans positions reduced to

16868: 14333: 14120:

Hatin WI, Nur-Shafawati AR, Zahri MK, Xu S, Jin L, et al. (The HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium) (2011).

12961:

Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia – Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010

8607: 6353: 5631:(Vegetal motives) are among the popular designs for Malay decorative silver pillow ends and tobacco boxes. 5113:

by the 15th century. Thus, resulting most of the Malay festivals and celebrations to run parallel with the

4676: 4624: 3393: 3066:

the 15th century, the Classical Malay spread beyond the traditional Malay speaking world and resulted in a

2938: 2898: 2311: 1836: 1774: 830: 627: 13900:

The travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian: the translation of Marsden revised, with a selection of his notes

13349:

Said, Sanib (October 2012). "Sejarah Awal Kepulauan Melayu:Lima Buah Negeri Warisan Sarawak yang Hilang".

8795: 6150:, where 'Mohd Zaquan Adha' is his triple given name and 'Abdul Radzak' is his father's double given name. 3854:. Setul was a historical Malay kingdom that existed between 1808 and 1915 in the northern Malay Peninsula. 16635: 13618: 8183: 7341: 5511: 3251:

text. Also known as the Kedah Annals, it is an ancient Malay literature that chronicles the bloodline of

2804: 2796: 2754: 2430:

The prospect of a German annexation of the northern peninsula and the potential of its involvement for a

1512: 737:

Prior to the 15th century, the term "Melayu" and its similar-sounding variants appear to apply as an old

476: 132: 1156: 16681: 14497: 14226: 13881: 13871: 11501:

Triad societies: western accounts of the history, sociology and linguistics of Chinese secret societies

10442: 8336:

Reid, Anthony (October 2001). "Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities".

7895: 6234: 6178: 4816: 4193: 3899: 3851: 2393: 1957:(1550–1823) and Indragiri Sultanate (1298–1945) controlled much of the southeastern shores of Sumatra. 1392:

prior to the Austronesian expansion. Austronesian-speakers themselves are suggested to have arrived on

1003: 5482:

is also practised by Malays, mainly in the northern region of the Malay Peninsula. It is a variant of

3404:

were translated and religious books were written in Malay language. Among famous translated works are

2680:, the struggle against colonisation was characterised by the trans-ethnic nationalism: the so-called " 1152: 817:

kingdom was located at a distance of 15 days sailing from Bogha (Palembang), the capital of Sribhoga (

15678: 8188: 7751: 5583:

made from gold and silver. For the Malay nobles during this period, the works of pending (ornamental

5057:(ornamental belt buckle) are also synonymous to be worn as a formal attire. It was also common for a 4536:

probably is the most popular dish ubiquitous in Malay town and villages. Nasi lemak is considered as

3406: 3244: 2975: 2685: 2659: 2041: 1673: 1653: 1336: 1106: 1101:(manuscript: 1876) for example, does not call Patani and Brunei as Malay, that term is only used for 938:

as a kingdom located in the Malay Peninsula, possibly similar to the one mentioned in Yuan chronicle.

14060:

Ananta, Aris; Arifin, Evi Nurvidya; Hasbullah, M. Sairi; Handayani, Nur Budi; Pramono, Agus (2013).

14044: 5962:), which are distinct from the seven class of armaments. Additionally, the Malays also would deploy 5738:, dedicated prayers and devoted mantras would be also recited upon to complement the mystic ritual. 4487:

The main characteristic in traditional Malay cuisine is undoubtedly the generous use of spices. The

1550:

Srivijaya's influence spread over all the coastal areas of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, western

1093:

Classical Malay literature described the Malays in a narrower sense than the modern interpretation.

17333: 17279: 16936: 16914: 16816: 16767: 16645: 16574: 15776: 14564: 14426: 14019:[Traditional Clothing] (in Malay). Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan . Archived from 11316:

Ananta, Aris; Arifin, Evi Nurvidya; Hasbullah, M Sairi; Handayani, Nur Budi; Pramono, Agus (2015).

6964: 5719: 4491:

is also important in giving the Malay dishes their rich, creamy character. The other foundation is

3934: 3918: 3520: 3486: 2386: 2319: 2065: 1949:(1785–1909) and Legeh Kingdom (1755–1902) that dominated the northern part of the Malay Peninsula. 1113:(ca. 1625, manuscript ca. 1675) linked Malay ethnicity with Johor, but certainly not Aceh or Deli. 604: 12581: 8739:"Perspective on Ancestral Lineages and Genetic Markers of Malay Population in Peninsular Malaysia" 8040: 6014:, Malaysia. This peculiar type of kite can be found in the northeast coast of the Malay Peninsula. 2099:

alongside various other Malay kingdoms that revolted for independence in the early 1902 including

562:. In the course of history, the term "Malay" has been extended to other ethnic groups within the " 16888: 16878: 16549: 16495: 15796: 15626: 14601: 14325: 11715:(Abstracts of Dissertations Available on Microfilm or as Xerographic Reproductions February 1973) 11036: 10199: 8645: 7860: 7601: 6311: 6120: 5547: 4986: 4119:, commonly defined by a straight collar and a spherical body, oftentime used as a water jar; The 4042: 3666:, many traditions that are regarded as contravene the teachings of Islam and contain elements of 3501: 3128: 3104: 3023: 2894: 1851: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1079: 982:(Malays) so because of the banishment of his father from his country. Albuquerque explained that 887: 452: 444: 396: 12315:

A Record of the Buddhist Religion As Practised in India and the Malay Archipelago (A.D. 671–695)

11344: 5256:, the Islamic New Year; the latter three celebrations are usually observed by holding a special 4661:

provide the beat for many dances. There are also drums of various sizes, ranging from the large

2048:. The victorious Portuguese however, were unable to extend their political influence beyond the 1676:, it was the only time there was an armed maritime expedition beyond the borders of the region. 1327:

A more recent theory holds that rather than being populated by expansion from the mainland, the

729:'laju', meaning "to accelerate", used to describe the accelerating strong current of the river. 17269: 16983: 16858: 16836: 16640: 15876: 15751: 15631: 15579: 15542: 11923: 7881: 6248: 4990: 4414: 3988:, is hailed as an act of devotion of the craftsmen to the creator and a gift to his fellowmen. 3876: 3755: 3574: 3519:

The same century also witnessed a monumental shift in the Malay literature through writings of

3375: 3256: 2835: 2542: 2530: 2505:

under the agreement. The treaty also witnessed the state of Kedah being reduced the most, with

2466: 2362: 2291: 2219:

the border of the Patani territories and installed a new governance and administrative system.

1879: 1365: 947: 698: 615:

numerous cultural features of other local ethnic groups, such as those of Minang and Acehnese.

12375:, vol. 2, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka & Ministry of Education (Malaysia), 11838: 8805: 6092:

are designed to create a specific sound as they are buffeted about in the wind) and altitude.

3388:

The era of classical Malay literature started after the arrival of Islam and the invention of

3089: 17303: 17264: 17002: 16993: 16777: 16674: 16609: 16599: 16128: 15746: 15731: 15698: 14891: 14447: 14208: 12249: 11483:

After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States

10646: 8738: 7547: 7488: 6793: 6534: 6433: 6194: 6050: 5878:

from the length of the shoulders to the tips of the fingers, constituting the Malay saber of

5764: 5608: 5283:, originally emulated from the ancient pre-Islamic Malay holy cleansing rituals, akin to the 3930: 3482: 3365: 2858: 2534: 2510: 2506: 1990: 1840: 935: 16589: 11928:

Researches on Ptolemy's geography of eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay archipelago)

7309: 6692: 5647:, a ceremonial tray for betel quid and for constructing certain musical instruments such as 4072:. It is usually assumed the form as cooking utensils. In the west coast, the raven-coloured 1788:

By the 15th century, the Malacca Sultanate, whose hegemony reached over much of the western

1421: 1010: 17244: 16883: 16873: 16841: 16717: 16614: 16594: 16559: 15766: 15713: 15616: 15306: 14211:[The History of Sarawakian Malay] (in Malay). Amanah Khairat Yayasan Melayu Sarawak 14133: 13135: 11160: 10608: 9480: 8940: 7871: 7854: 7758: 7742: 7693: 7217: 7211: 6955: 6820: 5698: 5636: 4878: 3950: 3926: 3635: 3264: 2999: 2934: 2925: 2913: 2882: 2878: 2766: 2701: 2454: 2234:

in exchange of military assistance against the Siamese. In 1819, the company also acquired

2096: 1923: 1602: 1307: 1238: 791: 515: 368: 365: 285: 8485:

Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia

2998:

The Malay language is one of the most prominent languages of the world, especially of the

2282:

in 1886. British intervention in the affairs of Malay states was formalised in 1895, when

2052:. The Sultan maintained his overlordship on the lands outside Malacca and established the 8: 17274: 16734: 16630: 16579: 15861: 15781: 15552: 15525: 14906: 13669: 12862: 12760:

Asal Usul Orang Melayu: Menulis Semula Sejarahnya (The Malay Origin: Rewrite Its History)

12523: 10240: 10157: 8538: 7820: 7808: 7799: 7419: 7296: 7244: 6860: 6349: 6255:, forming the dominant ethnic group in Peninsular Malaysia and a significant minority in 5892:("A hand", a sword with the diameter measured from the elbow to the 3 fingers, including 5791: 3997: 3965: 3595: 3412: 3347:

and romances, or at least some productions inspired by such, and is full of allusions to

3344: 3151: 3124: 3046: 2750: 2605: 2263: 2204: 1974: 1954: 1697: 1583: 1499:

The beginning of the Common Era saw the rise of Malay states in the coastal areas of the

1433: 1393: 1348: 1328: 1174: 875: 428: 14137: 11741: 11164: 8944: 7936:

This number only provides the ethnic group population that lies under the term "Malay" (

5603:(Betel container) and parts of Keris. The art of working gold was predominantly done by 5490:

which is believed to have been spread in the Southeast Asian mainland since the time of

5395: 3157:

Apart from the standard Malay, developed within the Malacca-Johor sphere, various local

2692:

can be witnessed in modern-day Indonesia, where both autochthonously-Malay provinces of

2400:

into a British zone in the north and a Dutch zone in the south, all Malay sultanates in

1906:

as a vassal to the Sultanate of Brunei. Brunei also expanded its influence in Mindanao,

16893: 16797: 16729: 16480: 16475: 16465: 15741: 15584: 15081: 14966: 14717: 14712: 14559: 14156: 14121: 13656: 13385: 12939: 12553: 12461:

Economics, Education, Mobility And Space (Encyclopedia of women & Islamic cultures)

12350: 11969: 11184: 10603: 10601: 10599: 8971: 8928: 7952: 7686: 7659: 7359: 7251: 7068: 6977: 6528: 6338: 6202: 5746: 5535: 5295:

celebrated by the inland and agrarian Malay communities by traditional games, theatre,

5208:, a month-long holy month devoted by daytime fasting and various religious activities; 4758:

denote a regional influence in fused with the Javanese and Siamese respectively, while

4603:

from Java, however Malay people has developed their own distinctive taste and recipes.

4592: 3815: 3401: 3318: 2689: 2677: 2424: 2227: 2156: 2140: 2057: 1644:, bringing the old Palembangese courts traditions and identity into the newfound state. 1637: 1610: 1563: 1528: 983: 623: 593: 480: 162: 13704: 12616:

The Malay handloom weavers: a study of the rise and decline of traditional manufacture

6239: 3579: 2441: 510:

and traditions—are thought to have been promulgated during this era, resulting in the

17239: 16941: 16831: 16722: 16705: 16650: 16451: 16415: 16366: 16348: 16076: 15913: 15844: 15611: 15594: 15361: 15101: 15009: 15000: 14816: 14799: 14792: 14782: 14777: 14673: 14658: 14621: 14616: 14606: 14431: 14195: 14175:"Experts disagree on religion practised at ruins older than Borobodur and Angkor Wat" 14161: 14107: 14089: 13981: 13963: 13903: 13885: 13857: 13839: 13818: 13783: 13765: 13660: 13586: 13568: 13550: 13532: 13514: 13491: 13474: 13438: 13420: 13402: 13389: 13316:"Visual Composition of Malay Woodcarvings in Vernacular House of Peninsular Malaysia" 13301: 13282: 13264: 13206: 13164: 13143: 13122: 13103: 13072: 13049: 13031: 12973: 12945: 12922: 12904: 12888: 12870: 12849: 12806: 12788: 12744: 12728: 12710: 12683: 12639: 12619: 12601: 12561: 12531: 12510: 12492: 12464: 12446: 12428: 12410: 12394: 12376: 12336: 12318: 12293: 12275: 12257: 12235: 12217: 12199: 12132: 12100: 12080: 12048: 12022: 12004: 11986: 11947: 11931: 11910: 11880: 11862: 11844: 11796: 11756: 11727: 11707: 11676: 11653: 11613: 11595: 11576: 11558: 11540: 11522: 11504: 11486: 11468: 11383: 11365: 11323: 11259: 11219: 11201: 11176: 11138: 9934: 9141: 9017: 8976: 8958: 8651: 8506: 7627: 7430: 7205: 7192: 7037: 6971: 6334: 6268: 6226: 6131: 5555: 5189: 5185: 4995: 4866: 3992: 3863: 3781: 3777: 3747: 3496:

In the 19th century, the Malay literature received some notable additions, including

3471: 3353: 3252: 3158: 3035: 2902: 2874: 2850:, whereas the Islamic group favoured ending royalty but sought a much larger role of 2775: 2735: 2649: 2641: 2474: 2409: 2397: 2184: 2152: 2132: 2100: 2045: 2038: 1998: 1966: 1962: 1919: 1911: 1817: 1789: 1689: 1641: 1614: 1559: 1373: 1178: 1126: 1067: 1044: 963: 907: 906:, referring to a nation of the Malay Peninsula that faced the southward expansion of 783: 742: 706: 612: 589: 538:

saw many of their inhabitants, particularly from various tribal communities like the

495: 456: 448: 436: 420: 142: 12254:

A History of British India: To the Overthrow of the English in the Spice Archipelago

11666: 11188: 10596: 4934:

were made in various Chinese and Arab accounts. Among well-known Malay textiles are

3842: 3742: 2624: 2561:

from Legeh (which had been under Siamese jurisdiction since 1902). The Siamese then

1809:

language, the Islamic faith, and the Malay Muslim culture; the three core values of

1720:

and further spreading the Indian-influenced Malay ethos within the regional sphere.

1573:

The glory of Srivijaya however began to wane after the series of raids by the Tamil

1319:

Deutero-Malays are considered the direct ancestors of the present-day Malay people.

17207: 17197: 17110: 16851: 16505: 16500: 16385: 16158: 16061: 15898: 15819: 15708: 15621: 15537: 15373: 15356: 15136: 15116: 15111: 15106: 14901: 14881: 14874: 14831: 14821: 14734: 14524: 14264: 14240: 14151: 14141: 13759: 13648: 13464: 13375: 12546:

Intisari kebudayaan Melayu Kedah: Kumpulan rencana mengenai kebudayaan Negeri Kedah

12310: 12165: 12021:, Information Malaysia 1990–91 Yearbook, Kuala Lumpur: Berita Publishing Sdn. Bhd, 11168: 9924: 9007: 8966: 8948: 8345: 7924: 7397: 7257: 7199: 6446: 6222: 6210: 6206: 5842: 5543: 5491: 5452: 5292: 5276: 5249: 5143: 5135: 5114: 5077: 4982: 4132: 3909:

Throughout many decades, the traditional Malay architecture has been influenced by

3763: 3714: 3537: 3198: 3027: 2906: 2886: 2707:

The earliest and most influential instruments of Malay national awakening were the

2526: 2486: 2482: 2287: 2275: 2176: 2116: 2088: 1970: 1903: 1887: 1832: 1685: 1266: 1087: 871: 810: 412: 317: 17095: 16304: 15041: 14020: 10133: 10121: 5639:. It is often meticulously hammered and craved with various decorative designs in 4930:. Mentions of locally made textiles as well as the predominance of weaving in the 3132: 2212: 17328: 17249: 17177: 17172: 17135: 17115: 17078: 16863: 16787: 16604: 16583: 16568: 16564: 16337: 16331: 16287: 16252: 16173: 16056: 15871: 15829: 15786: 15761: 15557: 15448: 15383: 15336: 15331: 15096: 15076: 15071: 15061: 15019: 14978: 14961: 14956: 14920: 14804: 14772: 14744: 14700: 14581: 14360: 14355: 14276: 14252: 14146: 13399:

Some contributions of India to the ancient civilisation of Indonesia and Malaysia

13258: 13066: 12679: 12126: 11670: 11317: 10019: 9135: 8691: 7890: 7865: 7838: 7589: 7501: 7353: 7133: 6848: 6787: 6683: 6652: 6516: 6440: 6252: 6182: 5690: 5588: 5448: 5444: 5417: 5304: 5204:

Other major liturgical and religious ceremonies celebrated by the Malays include

5193: 4939: 4931: 4923: 4837: 4425: 4409: 4276: 3697: 3655: 3348: 3301: 3162: 3139: 3108: 3097: 3055: 2982:. Dating back from 683, it is one of the oldest surviving Malay written artefact. 2937:, the West's last major dependency in Southeast Asia, attained independence in a 2816: 2673: 2653: 2609: 2518: 2331: 2231: 2188: 2180: 2160: 2148: 2144: 2128: 2124: 2053: 1950: 1942: 1934: 1891: 1863: 1859: 1824: 1806: 1713: 1701: 1665: 1598: 1579: 1504: 1369: 1219: 1059: 1009:

Portuguese watercolour of Malayan people of Malacca, circa 1540, featured in the

767: 646: 597: 577: 527: 523: 455:

tribes who founded several ancient maritime trading states and kingdoms, notably

400: 376: 298: 172: 14192:

Malay World (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore). Lingua-Cultural Dictionary

12037:"Setoi (Setul) Mambang Segara Dalam Lintasan Sejarah Negeri-Negeri Melayu Utara" 11300: 11216:

A Panorama of Indian Buddhism: Selections from the Maha Bodhi journal, 1892–1992

11051: 8995: 5689:

is one of the most revered items of Malay weaponry. Originally developed by the

5158: 4563:, glutinous compressed rice cooked in palm leaves, is popular especially during 2912:

In March 1946, UMNO emerged with the full support of the Malay sultans from the

2005:

Between 1511 and 1984, numerous Malay kingdoms and sultanates fell under direct

17059: 17024: 16782: 16400: 16343: 16243: 16208: 16178: 16133: 16106: 16071: 15982: 15903: 15881: 15756: 15736: 15567: 15502: 15475: 15460: 15423: 15408: 15226: 15151: 14995: 14864: 14749: 14643: 14628: 14596: 14401: 14365: 14288: 13190: 12935: 12633: 12352:

Kenapa Bilah Keris Bengkok? Sejarah Keris Melayu Yang Kita Tidak Pernah Dengar.

12306: 11627: 10332: 8933:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

8498: 7876: 7442: 7263: 6943: 6932: 6624: 6154: 6127: 5985: 5768: 5531: 5209: 4811: 4777: 3891: 3880: 3871: 3490: 3458: 3424: 3397: 3268: 3213: 3205: 3118: 2987: 2831: 2713: 2669: 2637: 2613: 2589:, a legacy that can be witnessed today in the Malaysian administrative system. 2586: 2514: 2478: 2450: 2435: 2413: 2358: 2327: 2267: 2192: 2120: 2026: 2022: 1958: 1657: 1633: 1532: 1445: 1341: 1234: 803: 766:, but several Indian scholars believe the term should refer to the mountainous 714: 655: 635: 507: 484: 416: 349: 259: 228: 16539: 11935: 11108: 10191: 8349: 8148: 3370: 3142:, the direct successor of Malacca, became the standard speech among Malays in 1492:

were built in the Indian style, local kings began referring to themselves as "

17297: 17187: 17143: 17127: 17105: 17019: 16802: 16750: 16410: 16405: 16395: 16309: 16294: 16262: 16203: 16183: 16138: 16116: 16066: 15992: 15975: 15866: 15834: 15771: 15530: 15507: 15497: 15487: 15482: 15453: 15366: 15346: 15286: 15271: 15236: 15221: 15156: 15126: 15066: 14983: 14949: 14937: 14925: 14896: 14851: 14809: 14767: 14739: 14653: 14611: 14466: 14380: 14350: 14122:"Population Genetic Structure of Peninsular Malaysia Malay Sub-Ethnic Groups" 13877: 13831: 13504: 12892: 12732: 12398: 12052: 11719: 11711: 11405: 9938: 9021: 8962: 8018: 7764: 7495: 7408: 7365: 7327: 7235: 7089: 7007: 6854: 6842: 6827: 6723: 6710: 6640: 6424: 6104: 6002: 5997: 5959: 5818: 5539: 5253: 5229: 5162: 4831: 4680: 4541: 4480: 4387: 4350: 4299: 4218: 4187: 4099:, commonly in a wide rim and a round base, the pot usually mobilised to cook 4077: 4054: 4026: 3903: 3869:

The first detailed description of Malay architecture was on the great wooden

3832: 3671: 3667: 3217: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3068: 2993: 2917: 2862: 2843: 2730: 2558: 2522: 2458: 2346: 2342: 2326:, all these British possessions and protectorates that collectively known as 2279: 2243: 2208: 2196: 2164: 1973:(1630–1948) governed eastern Sumatra. While West Borneo observed the rise of 1946: 1895: 1820: 1742:

The "Dayak-Malay" brotherhood monument in West Kalimantan Provincial Museum,

1717: 1574: 1567: 1524: 1516: 1466: 1461: 1416: 1198: 975: 911: 581: 519: 468: 460: 447:. Historically, the Malay population is descended primarily from the earlier 424: 357: 15647: 14102:

Dewaele, Jean-Marc; Beardsmore, Hugo Baetens; Housen, Alex; Li, Wei (2003),

13606: 13469: 13452: 12958:

Na'im, Akhsan; Syaputra, Hendry (2010), Sumarwanto; Iriantono, Tono (eds.),

11172: 9783: 9077: 9012: 8953: 7991: 5502: 4167: 17214: 17202: 17090: 17068: 17044: 17029: 16697: 16390: 16380: 16277: 16272: 16228: 16213: 16148: 16096: 16051: 16039: 16014: 16009: 16004: 15987: 15955: 15891: 15814: 15443: 15438: 15413: 15403: 15398: 15388: 15351: 15341: 15266: 15251: 15206: 15196: 15191: 15186: 15181: 15146: 15091: 15014: 14973: 14944: 14886: 14856: 14826: 14787: 14638: 14549: 14534: 14406: 14165: 13639:

Terrell, John Edward (August–October 1999). "Think Globally, Act Locally".

13478: 13233: 13062: 11180: 10415: 8980: 7577: 7120: 6830: 6565: 6510: 6397: 6174: 6135: 6057: 6029: 5731: 5680: 5640: 5472: 5468: 5425: 5411: 5348: 5118: 5106: 4927: 4723: 4596: 4533: 4502: 4488: 4463: 4342: 4192:

Different Malay regions are all known for their unique or signature dishes—

3969: 3946: 3887: 3797: 3751: 3737: 3676: 3663: 3659: 3640: 3478: 3463: 3166: 3093: 3002:

family. Variants and dialects of Malay are used as an official language in

2970: 2930: 2890: 2866: 2839: 2800: 2788: 2746: 2697: 2446: 2354: 2323: 2283: 2271: 2239: 2216: 2108: 2084: 2061: 2010: 2006: 1927: 1798: 1793: 1733: 1709: 1681: 1489: 1353: 1250: 1190: 1018: 951: 903: 846: 842: 807: 771: 673: 660: 559: 555: 543: 511: 404: 202: 14294: 14188:

Dunia Melayu (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura): Kamus Lingua-Budaya

14071:. Busan, Korea: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population 13330: 12659: 11704:

Dissertation Abstracts International, A-The Humanities and Social Sciences

11573:

Engines of Empire: Steamshipping and State Formation in Colonial Indonesia

6045:'s national sport and played in the international sporting events such as 5714:(the Status Keris, awarded in right of his position in Malay society) and 3034:. It is spoken natively by approximately 33 million people throughout the 2769:, formed in 1938 by a group of Malay intelligentsia primarily educated in 17219: 17182: 16952: 16760: 16437: 16163: 16111: 15970: 15960: 15950: 15908: 15855: 15601: 15492: 15470: 15393: 15316: 15296: 15291: 15256: 15246: 15231: 15211: 15201: 15176: 15121: 15026: 14932: 14724: 14688: 14668: 14633: 14586: 14554: 14544: 14507: 14396: 14004: 12170: 12072: 7528: 7077: 6646: 6230: 6116: 6046: 6025: 5968: 5812: 5676: 5644: 5584: 5241: 5170: 4913: 4909: 4902: 4825: 4731: 4719: 4688: 4673:) used as an accompaniment to vocal recitations in religious ceremonies. 4644: 4643:

dances. Choreographed movements also vary from simple steps and tunes in

4616: 4572: 4517: 4459: 4440: 4434: 4404: 4355: 4212: 4206: 4175: 3981: 3961: 3824: 3771: 3708: 3702: 3467: 3452: 3389: 3381: 3248: 3229: 3221: 3209: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3062: 2370: 2136: 2112: 2018: 1994: 1907: 1649: 1441: 1291: 1242: 1202: 1194: 1182: 1170: 1063: 955: 946:– (literally "city of Malaya" or "fortress of Malaya"), inscribed on the 917: 891: 813:

monk who visited the Southeast Asia in 688–695. According to Yijing, the

759: 568: 563: 272: 152: 121: 87: 69: 13623:, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, 13068:

Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor

12723:

Ministry of Culture, Singapore (1973), "Singapore: facts and pictures",

11973: 9929: 9912: 9376: 8996:"A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia" 5604: 5323:(ceremonial massage for a mother who is pregnant with her first child), 2270:

in 1867. Additionally, the Straits Settlements would also encompass the

1253:

and other groups). These ancient people also split with some heading to

677:, associates the etymological origin of "Melayu" to a small river named 642: 17122: 17085: 16431: 16323: 16299: 16267: 16143: 15965: 15940: 15927: 15688: 15589: 15572: 15241: 15168: 15036: 15031: 14869: 14648: 14375: 13380: 13363: 11423:

Traditional Malay Pottery of Kuala Kangsar: Its History and Development

11340:

Suku Batin – A Proto-Malay People? Evidence from Historical Linguistics

11276:[State of Rahman, the loss of a gem] (in Malay). Archived from 7782: 7347: 6836: 6276: 6162: 6142: 6089: 6036: 6020: 5855: 5837: 5519: 5487: 5437: 5233: 5126: 4795: 4670: 4623:(c. 19th century). In 2005, it received recognition as being among the 4529: 4506: 4449: 4420: 4334: 4305: 4253: 4197: 4179: 4136: 4069: 3942: 3859: 3828: 3750:'s Palace, which was built from information and data obtained from the 3686: 3615: 3240: 2979: 2708: 2578: 2550: 2498: 2431: 2405: 2382: 2303: 1846: 1778: 1770: 1664:

between 1247 and 1258. He was eventually defeated by the forces of the

1632:

between the 7th–13th century; the state would subsequently be known as

1620: 1594: 1520: 1470: 1270: 931: 664: 551: 547: 464: 192: 20: 12758: 12743:, Skudai, Johor Darul Ta'zim: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 8683: 4080:

is honoured for gourd-formed jars. There are also several variants of

3477:

The most important piece of Malay literary works is perhaps the famed

2419:

In the late 19th century, Germany sought to establish a naval base in

1757:

The Islamic faith arrived on the shores of what are now the states of

1738: 1593:

In 1299, through the support of the loyal servants of the empire, the

697:, Indonesia. The epic incorrectly stated that the river flowed to the 667:

for various Malay royal houses in Sumatra, Malay Peninsula and Borneo.

17100: 16666: 16257: 16153: 16123: 15547: 15431: 14990: 13838:, Singapore: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program Publications, 13163:, Palgrave Series in Indian Ocean World Studies, Palgrave Macmillan, 12741:

The architectural heritage of the Malay world: the traditional houses

11743:

A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries

8929:"Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years" 8317: 7711: 7303: 7183: 6773: 6615: 6256: 6080: 6007: 5756: 5751: 5694: 5580: 5507: 5483: 5479: 5460: 5457: 5421: 5400: 5130: 5122: 5110: 5094: 5082: 4882: 4870: 4783: 4771: 4398: 4337: 4328: 4319: 4294: 3767: 3651: 3532: 3143: 3131:

of the archipelago during the colonial years resulted the historical

3050: 3031: 3015: 3011: 2946: 2870: 2847: 2823: 2629: 2562: 2235: 1743: 1661: 1629: 1625: 1508: 1449: 1398: 1332: 1287: 1233:

theory (published in 1997) – The migration of a group of people from

1209:, has pointed out a total of three theories of the origin of Malays: 818: 726: 702: 650: 573: 499: 488: 432: 388: 303: 24: 12919:

Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula

9436: 9352: 6177:

to a normal Malay name, a more complex name is produced. The former

5786:

Paradoxically, both groups shared a similar ideology addressing the

5416:

Silat and its variants can be found throughout the Malay world: the

4897: 3991:

The art form is mainly attributed to the abundance of timber on the

3806:

with successive, superimposed terraces which is the best example at

2557:

being transferred into the state and additionally Kelantan received

1636:

before its demise. By the 14th century, a Palembangese-born prince,

17049: 16233: 15465: 15326: 15053: 14705: 13652: 13614: 13453:"Climate Change and Postglacial Human Dispersals in Southeast Asia" 12738: 12272:

Muslim identity and Islam: misinterpreted in the contemporary world

12019:

Muslim identity and Islam: misinterpreted in the contemporary world

10367: 10313: 10139: 10127: 9862: 7677: 7467: 7145: 7023: 6998: 6736: 6578: 6388: 6198: 6166: 6088:

are beautiful, colourful objects set on bamboo frames), sound (all

6042: 6011: 5934: 5772: 5741: 5616: 5523: 5384: 5376: 5221: 5213: 5205: 5090: 5042: 4820: 4727: 4636: 4620: 4537: 4510: 4382: 4368: 4289: 4259: 4239: 4201: 4128: 4065: 3973: 3793: 3725: 3623: 3619: 3591: 3548: 3493:

oversaw the editorial and compilation process of the Malay Annals.

3359: 3305: 3294: 3225: 3147: 3019: 3007: 2942: 2780: 2574: 2494: 2449:

and nobilities of Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak and Selangor with

2420: 2299: 2049: 2014: 1938: 1915: 1782: 1766: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1437: 1303: 1254: 1066:. This is evidenced from the early 16th century Malay word-list by 1055: 1047:; many aspects of Malay culture are derived from the Malaccan court 855: 408: 384: 14283: 14086:

Security and Southeast Asia: domestic, regional, and global issues

12333:

Brunei Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah Handbook

10536: 10391: 9600: 9154: 5643:

and floral motives. The usage of brass however, is best known for

5339:(a graduation ceremony, after a child's first full-reading of the 5224:

where the Malays would solemnly prepared a special dish, known as

4657:

Traditional Malay music is basically percussive. Various kinds of

4127:

is used as a canister, especially in the coastal Malay regions of

2477:

of the peninsular while the lower region was to be held under the

2473:

The Anglo-Siamese Treaty attested that the Siamese to control the

1298:. The dress is commonly associated with women of Malay extraction. 1181:

in a long series of migrations between 2500 and 1500 BCE. Notable

890:

dated 1286 CE by Slamet Muljana. The term is associated with

293: 19:

This article is about the ethnic group. For the race concept, see

17192: 17148: 17054: 16238: 16101: 16088: 16029: 15791: 14915: 14516: 14370: 14207: 11808: 11277: 11114: 10560: 10073: 9706: 8925: 7645: 7055: 6489: 6272: 6260: 6100: 6096: 6068: 6064: 6032:

being played by nobilities and royalties of the Malay sultanate.

5951: 5884: 5824: 5803: 5735: 5668: 5652: 5429: 5356: 5284: 5237: 5139: 4935: 4862: 4712: 4651: 4588: 4556: 4493: 4468: 4454: 4429: 4358: 4284: 4144: 4100: 4038: 3785: 3607: 3524: 3274: 2954: 2762: 2401: 2374: 1875: 1871: 1693: 1668:

from Tamil Nadu in 1263 and was killed by the brother of Emperor

1606: 1544: 1500: 1315: 1311: 1295: 1262: 1134: 787: 763: 738: 694: 531: 392: 372: 81: 75: 14037:"Royal and Palace Customs: Dresses For Ceremonies And Functions" 12598:

Malaysian shadow play and music: continuity of an oral tradition

12096:

Comparing Globalizations Historical and World-Systems Approaches

11907:

Government Policies and Ethnic Relations in Asia and the Pacific

11592:

The Presidential Notes: A biography of President Yusof bin Ishak

9840: 9838: 9304: 9202: 9178: 8256: 8254: 5787: 5778:

The Malays and Javanese are abided by contrasting philosophical

4178:

with thick, creamy, savoury and spicy sauce, usually eaten with

2337: 2013:

of different foreign powers, from European colonial powers like

1496:" and more desirable aspects of Indian government were adopted. 17073: 17034: 16772: 16519: 16282: 16218: 16034: 16024: 16019: 15999: 14843: 13435:

The Indonesian language: its history and role in modern society

11425:, School of Humanities and Sciencesm, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11296:

Anglo-German Rivalry in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, 1870–1909

9292: 7885: 7287: 7269: 7170: 6908: 6896: 6866: 6748: 6602: 6477: 6464: 6170: 6158: 5981: 5973: 5909: 5859: 5779: 5710:(the Dynasty Keris, inherited from one generation to another), 5620: 5433: 5261: 5217: 5026: 4858: 4850: 4842: 4628: 4505:, onions and garlic. Malay cooking also makes plentiful use of 4474: 4445: 4392: 4268: 4248: 4231: 4223: 3789: 3720: 3648: 3587: 3528: 3309: 3286: 3003: 2741: 2582: 2538: 2502: 2366: 2307: 2259: 2255: 2223: 2200: 2172: 1910:

when Sultan Bolkiah married Leila Macanai, the daughter of the

1899: 1867: 1801:

process. The expansion of Malaccan influence through trade and

1705: 1555: 1536: 1246: 1230: 1214: 1139: 722: 535: 472: 380: 93: 56: 14059: 12573: 12543: 12035:

Halimi, Ahmad Jelani & Pitchai, Mohd Yusoff Mydin (2016).

11315: 11057: 10876: 10864: 10500: 10421: 10109: 9882:"Kitab Ilmu Bedil – Book of Malay Traditional Weaponry (2016)" 8293: 7997: 5802:("Direct", the large and heavy artillery, including the Malay 5663: 3049:

settlers in Southeast Asia. This form would later evolve into

3038:

and is used as a second language by an estimated 220 million.

2423:, requesting its lease from Siam, influenced by Grand Admiral 1543:

of Srivijaya, a great confederation of city-states centred in

1314:

like their predecessors: instead they settled and established

1121: 1034: 17167: 17039: 16755: 16223: 16195: 16046: 15851: 15839: 15824: 15636: 15321: 14591: 12972:(in Indonesian), Jakarta, Indonesia: Badan Pusat Statistik , 12151:

Design in the Context of Cultural Changes in Modern Malaysia"

11436:, Stephen Oppenheimer. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1998" 10488: 9835: 9412: 9282: 9280: 8823: 8483:

Kulke, Hermann; Kesavapany, K.; Sakhuja, Vijay, eds. (2009).

8251: 7519: 7479: 7455: 7157: 6920: 6884: 6811: 6760: 6670: 6590: 6501: 6264: 6190: 5925: 5875: 5686: 5576: 5571: 5527: 5407: 5340: 5296: 5280: 5245: 5147: 5102: 4805: 4800: 4789: 4658: 4648: 4640: 4600: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4522: 4373: 4365: 4325: 4264: 4244: 4236: 4227: 4030: 3914: 3910: 3895: 3820: 3802: 3693: 3692:

A vast majority of modern ethnic Malays are the adherents of

3682: 3630: 3562: 3290: 2950: 2851: 2570: 2554: 2546: 2490: 2462: 2315: 2295: 2251: 2168: 2092: 2034: 1883: 1828: 1802: 1762: 1758: 1751: 1750:

The period of the 12th and 15th centuries saw the arrival of

1457: 1429: 1186: 1102: 1040: 970:(as a verb: to run, participle: fugitive), or the Malay term 822: 755: 710: 631: 585: 539: 503: 13836:

History, culture, and region in Southeast Asian perspectives

13364:"Criteria for Selecting Timber Species in Malay Woodcarving" 11650:

Pluricentric languages: differing norms in different nations

11086: 11084: 11082: 11080: 11078: 10034: 9996: 9742: 9617: 9615: 9588: 9561: 9400: 9265: 8356: 8271: 8269: 4625:

masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity

3898:

in the front, high ceilings, many openings on the walls for

3602:) as the national philosophy since its independence in 1984. 15378: 14759: 13234:"Geneticist clarifies role of Proto-Malays in human origin" 12707:

The Malays (The Peoples of South-East Asia and the Pacific)

12371:

Jaaffar, Johan; Hussain, Safian; Ahmad, Mohd Thani (1992),

11706:, vol. 33, New York: Xerox University Microfilms, #8, 10097: 9960: 7565: 7107: 6552: 6186: 5648: 5567: 5559: 5260:

prayers, religious lectures and Islamic discussions in the

5062: 5002:

marital status or the rank in the classical Malay society.

4886: 4708: 4704: 4310: 4152: 4112: 3558: 3420: 3278: 2795:(Hizbul Muslimin) formed in March 1948, later succeeded by 2693: 2030: 1551: 1493: 1258: 678: 332: 323: 11962:

Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

11063: 10730: 10728: 10726: 10724: 10722: 10277: 10202:

from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.

10085: 9886:

The Memory of the World Committee for Asia and the Pacific

9277: 8871: 8859: 8281: 8178: 5946:). Other items in the traditional Malay weaponry includes 5005:

Other common classical Malay attire for men consists of a

3846:

A wall panel adorned with various floral motives from the

3696:

Islam and the most important Malay festivals are those of

3351:. Probably to this early time may be traced such works as 2353:

The twilight of the vast Bruneian Empire began during the

67:(marriage solemnisation) ceremony. The groom is wearing a 14119: 14101: 13329:(B). University Teknologi Malaysia: 43–52. Archived from 11856: 11075: 10852: 10524: 10462: 10460: 10379: 9612: 9382: 8585: 8464: 8266: 5833: 4046: 4022: 4013: 3103:

European writers of the 17th and 18th centuries, such as

3084:("High Malay") of Malacca. It is generally believed that 12577:

Program Kerjasama Brunei-Malaysia tingkatkan seni Budaya

12194:

He, Baogang; Galligan, Brian; Inoguchi, Takashi (2007),

11235:

Serampang dua belas, Tari Tradisional Kesultanan Serdang

10840: 10403: 10301: 10235: 10233: 9972: 9825: 9823: 9821: 9190: 9166: 8239: 5924:("A grab", the smallest in the category, the hand-sized 5730:(Thursday night), with the blade is being purified with 4766:

narrated a more autochthonously Malay form and fashion.

4521:

Malay people are Muslims, Malay cuisine follows Islamic

3150:, and it formed the original basis for the standardised 2071: 1469:, shows that a maritime trading route with South Indian 1237:

occurred 6,000 years ago, some moved to Taiwan (today's

1105:. Kedah is not included as Malay in the Kedah chronicle/ 13620:

The history of the Malay language. A preliminary survey

12899:

Muljana, Slamet (2006), Stapel, Frederik Willem (ed.),

12800: 12676:

Sejarah Bahasa Melayu ("History of the Malay Language")

11877:

Shadows of the Prophet: Martial Arts and Sufi Mysticism

11555:

Face to face with political Islam (L'islamisme en face)

10888: 10719: 10709: 10707: 10645:. Syarikat Pemasaran Karyaneka Sdn. Bhd. Archived from 10172: 10061: 9806: 9442: 9105: 9103: 8847: 8736: 8428: 6028:

are among traditional games that were mentioned in the

5180:

The coronation ceremony between Tengku Otteman, as the

5142:, while the latter is to observe the sacrifice made by 3800:

and the summit of structure was erected in the form of

2585:

to retain a degree of their sovereign powers under the

2389:. Brunei was a British protectorate from 1888 to 1984. 13916:

Yunos, Rozan; Begawan, Bandar Seri (24 October 2011).

13547:

A full hearing:orality and literacy in the Malay world

13368:

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

13160:

Trade, Circulation, and Flow in the Indian Ocean World

12756: 12335:, Washington DC: International Business Publications, 12214:

Back from utopia: the challenge of the modern movement

11812:

Population by sex, ethnic group and age, Malaysia,2010

11465:

Contesting Malayness: Malay identity across boundaries

11378:

Andaya, Barbara Watson; Andaya, Leonard Yuzon (1984),

10813: 10801: 10777: 10765: 10572: 10478: 10476: 10474: 10457: 9682: 9670: 9627: 9501: 9448: 9424: 9388: 9358: 9214: 8783: 8573: 8519: 8482: 4060:

Among the renowned traditional Malay pottery includes

2716:

between 1876 and 1941. Among notable periodicals were

2481:. The British originally planned for the inclusion of 1866:

was on the rise to become the most powerful polity in

1444:, a powerful Buddhist kingdom that managed to conquer 14224: 13782:, Singapore: National University of Singapore press, 11983:

The economic life of northern India: c. A.D. 700–1200

10830: 10828: 10584: 10548: 10230: 9984: 9818: 9730: 9639: 9316: 9226: 9115: 8811: 8452: 8305: 8017:. Indonesian Information Portal. 2017. Archived from 5379:

in the contemporary Malay community, the practice of

4068:, molded from clay and identified with the colour of 2549:

however, saw an enlargement of their land area, with

2262:

in 1886. All these trading posts officially known as

2103:, Saiburi, Nongchik, Yaring, Yala, Legeh and Teluban. 1816:

In 1511, the Malaccan capital fell into the hands of

920:

and Ma-li-yu-er with both killing each other ...

886:– (literally "Land of Malayu"), a transcription from 341: 11941: 10789: 10704: 10512: 10397: 10355: 10289: 10268: 10266: 9850: 9718: 9694: 9340: 9328: 9238: 9100: 8625: 8613: 8404: 8392: 8368: 5697:

Empire in Java around the year 1492. By the time of

5212:, a special grand procession to honour the birth of 4143:, a small container, usually crafted for the use of 3512:(Book of Linguistic Knowledge) by Raja Ali Haji and 3451:

The Ornament of All the Devoted) can be seen as the

1456:

There is no definite evidence which dates the first

1364:

Malays are an Austronesian-speaking ethnic group of

329: 14088:, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 12722: 12618:, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 12370: 12292:, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 12234:(1st ed.). London; Boston: Allen & Unwin. 12232:"Luxury' Fleet": The Imperial German Navy 1888-1918 11521:, vol. 2, London: Fitzroy Darborn Publishers, 11135:

Seni Silat Melayu: Sejarah, Perkembangan dan Budaya

10740: 10471: 9868: 9660: 9658: 9656: 9654: 9578: 9576: 9549: 9184: 8895: 8771: 8697: 8561: 8440: 8416: 8179:"Data Access Dissemination Systems (DADS): Results" 8123:"Jabal Ajyad perkampungan komuniti Melayu di Mekah" 6075:(top), some of which spin for two hours at a time. 3614:(spirits) in everything. Around the opening of the 2349:

defended its sovereignty against European expansion

326: 320: 14062:"Changing Ethnic Composition:Indonesia, 2000–2010" 13777: 13757: 12903:(in Indonesian), Yogyakarta: LKiS Pelangi Aksara, 12674:Melebek, Abdul Rashid; Moain, Amat Juhari (2006), 12635:Malaysia (Enchantment of the World. Second Series) 12552: 12193: 11364:, Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 11195: 11132: 10825: 10636: 10634: 10542: 10373: 10319: 10079: 10055: 9844: 9712: 9606: 9537: 9513: 9310: 9259: 8487:. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 8380: 8171: 6134:influences, as Muslims, Malays have long favoured 5443:The influence of the Malay sultanates of Malacca, 5335:(the first piercing ceremony for a female child), 4575:. Various meats and vegetables could be made into 4095:Other forms of Malay traditional pottery are: The 3968:, a giant mythical bird constructed for the grand 2787:consisted of Middle east — educated scholars with 1672:. The invasion marked an unrivaled feature in the 1473:was already established since the second century. 821:). It took a 15-day sail as well to reach Ka-Cha ( 770:, while Sumatra is more correctly associated with 13778:Van der Putten, Jan; Cody, Mary Kilcline (2009), 13731: 13702: 13414: 12957: 12821:"Archaeologists search for a king in Sungai Batu" 12782: 11930:, New Delhi: Oriental Books Reprint Corporation, 11519:Encyclopedia of historians and historical writing 11096: 10882: 10870: 10692: 10667: 10566: 10263: 10218: 10206: 9298: 9040: 8883: 8737:Parthipan, Shalini; Mirianti Ishar, Seri (2022). 8503:Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300-1800 6263:Malay territories begins north from southwestern 6259:, Thailand and southern Myanmar. The corridor of 5566:Upon the turn of the 17th century, gold, silver, 5117:, albeit deeply ingrained with a strong sense of 4516:Nearly every Malay meal is served with rice, the 2791:sentiment. The first Islamic political party was 2628:The bronze mural of the legendary Malay warrior, 2608:, the Japanese assassinated virtually all of the 2541:lost its Pujoh district. Then-British controlled 1980: 1839:(1725–1946), Pelalawan Sultanate (1725–1946) and 1708:. The expansion is also eminent as it shaped the 1566:was used as its official language and became the 1322: 61:A Malay couple in traditional attire after their 17295: 13854:Comparative studies in Southeast Asian education 13780:Lost Times and Untold Tales from the Malay World 13529:Nationalism & Globalization: East & West 13417:The Malay art of self-defense: Silat Seni Gayung 12558:World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia 12480:Malay Annals: Translated from the Malay Language 11359: 11231: 11090: 10609:"Malaysia Handicrafts ~ Gold Silver & Brass" 10466: 9651: 9573: 9525: 8907: 8719:. Center for Orang Asli Concerns. Archived from 7937: 5854:("A body", weapon in the similar dimension of a 5635:yellow brass for functional items and white for 5331:(newborn ceremony, for celebrating a new life), 5307:as a Muslim. The Malays would usually organised 4901:Malay children wearing traditional dress during 4665:used to punctuate important events to the small 3514:Perhimpunan Gunawan bagi Laki-Laki dan Perempuan 3117:language of the learned in all the Indies, like 2314:by Siam to the British. These states along with 2111:of the peninsula had hostile relations with the 14069:XXVII IUSSP International Population Conference 12613: 12491:, Richmond: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 12482:, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown 12458: 12404: 11015: 10631: 10506: 10494: 10115: 9460: 8835: 8829: 5252:, the ascension of Muhammad to the heavens and 4750:. Nonetheless, the art and the storytelling of 4501:, a rich sauce or condiment made from belacan, 3204:The Malay language was historically written in 3041:The oldest form of Malay is descended from the 2807:. They formed voluntary organisations known as 1372:. A study in 2021 concluded that a distinctive 993: 572:("traders") and who are predominantly from the 23:. For the Dravidian ethnolinguistic group, see 14496: 14043:. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. Archived from 13742:, Asian Scholarship Foundation, archived from 13562: 13450: 13227:– via Universiti Utara Malaysia Library. 12287: 11537:Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world 11499:Bolton, Kingsley; Hutton, Christopher (2000), 11150: 10757: 9954: 9271: 8877: 8865: 6183:Dato' Seri Mohd Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak 4718:Indian influences are strong in a traditional 3547:(an account of his trip for the government to 3300:The earliest form of Malay literature was the 1862:in the 14th century, another Malay realm, the 16968: 16682: 15677: 15663: 14482: 14310: 13706:Language and writing system of Bangkok Melayu 12651: 12441:Johns, Anthony Hearle; Lahoud, Nelly (2005), 12348: 12248: 12034: 12016: 11625: 11610:Hindu-Buddhist architecture in Southeast Asia 11069: 10998: 10746: 10283: 10018:. Bethany World Prayer Center. Archived from 9406: 8275: 6078:Possibly the most popular Malay games is the 5072: 713:. The term is thought to be derived from the 13915: 13667: 13549:, Berkeley: University of California Press, 13043: 12739:Mohamad Tajuddin Haji Mohamad Rasdi (2005), 12673: 12211: 11534: 11498: 11377: 10858: 10103: 10040: 10002: 9762:"Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards" 9748: 9621: 9418: 9286: 9255: 9253: 8362: 6071:is required to produce the most competitive 5836:", a weapon with metal tube propelled by an 5518:was offered by the northern Malay states of 5475:and other forms of Silat in Southeast Asia. 4769:Other well-known Malay performing arts are; 4497:(shrimp paste), which is used as a base for 4041:is not solely witnessed as a mere household 2594:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies 1933:Other significant Malay sultanates were the 1440:. The temple witnessed the rise and fall of 1306:people descended partly from the subsequent 990:) from the kingdom of Palembang to Malacca. 732: 518:in the region. In literature, architecture, 14324: 13957: 13933:Zakaria, Faizal Izzani (3 September 2016). 13918:"In search of Brunei Malays outside Brunei" 13526: 13121:, Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 13096: 12785:Malaysia: Transformasi dan perubahan sosial 12440: 12422: 12001:Martial arts of the world: An Encyclopedia. 11959: 11893:Ford, R. Clyde (1899), "Malay Literature", 11571:Joseph Norbert Frans Marie à Campo (2002). 11420: 10919: 10917: 10915: 10913: 10911: 10909: 10907: 10905: 10903: 10272: 10091: 9966: 9582: 9063: 8853: 5440:(2nd century) and Srivijaya (7th century). 5315:(asking for divine favour and protection), 3902:, and are often embellished with elaborate 3813:There is also evidence of Hindu shrines or 3629:In the 15th century, Islam of the orthodox 1290:clad in their traditional attire, known as 1207:The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Early History 1177:origin and thought to have migrated to the 16982: 16975: 16961: 16689: 16675: 15670: 15656: 14489: 14475: 14317: 14303: 13758:Van Beek, Steve; Invernizzi, Luca (1999), 13513:, vol. 1, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 13486:Srinivasa, Kodaganallur Ramaswami (2003), 13279:A Modern History of Indonesia, 2nd edition 13001:Niza, Syefiri Moniz Mohd. (10 June 2016). 12407:A design guide of public parks in Malaysia 12212:Henket, Hubert-Jan; Heynen, Hilde (2002), 12128:The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya 11809:Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia) (2010), 11480: 11395: 11274:"Negeri Rahman, hilangnya sebutir permata" 11137:, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 11011: 11009: 11007: 10977: 10975: 10973: 10971: 10969: 10967: 10965: 10963: 10961: 10734: 10661: 10051: 10049: 9594: 3980:Wood carving is a part of classical Malay 3135:of the Malay language in the Philippines. 3018:. The language is also spoken in southern 2873:. The violent demise of the sultanates of 1074:, that made a reference to how the phrase 55: 14155: 14145: 13602:Taman Negara Rain Forest Park and Tourism 13567:, Kuala Lumpur: The Other Press Sdn Bhd, 13485: 13468: 13379: 12887:(in Indonesian), Jakarta: Yayasan Idayu, 12848:, Singapore: Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd, 12787:, Kuala Lumpur: Arah Pendidikan Sdn Bhd, 12695: 12655:Melayu Online.com's Theoretical Framework 12459:Joseph, Suad; Najmabadi, Afsaneh (2006), 12169: 11467:, Singapore: Singapore University press, 11336: 11253: 10994: 10992: 10990: 10846: 10834: 10530: 10385: 10307: 9928: 9250: 9208: 9172: 9160: 9121: 9011: 8970: 8952: 8817: 8650:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 91–92. 5579:made of iron, down to the elaborate fine 5192:; with his wife, Raja Amnah, a member of 4086:Labu Tela, Labu Kepala, Labu Gelugor Tela 3606:The early Malay communities were largely 3449:Perhiasan Sekalian Orang yang Mengesakan; 3423:of the middle-east, the notable works of 3304:and its central subjects are traditional 2215:was cultivated by 1906, when the Siamese 950:dated 1347 CE. The term was used by 634:, historically linked to the pre-Islamic 16514: 16424: 14185: 13812: 13531:, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 13451:Soares, Pedro; et al. (June 2008). 13357:(1). University Malaysia Sarawak: 35–44. 13276: 13256: 13102:. Singapore: NUS Press. pp. 65–73. 13026:Noor, Farish Ahmad; Khoo, Eddin (2003), 13025: 12944:, Singapore: Books for Libraries Press, 12861: 12696:Miksic, John N.; Goh, Geok Yian (2017), 12522: 11836: 11739: 11322:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 11299:(MSc). Universiti Malaya. Archived from 10948: 10946: 10944: 10942: 10940: 10938: 10936: 10934: 10932: 10900: 10178: 10140:Mohamad Tajuddin Haji Mohamad Rasdi 2005 10128:Mohamad Tajuddin Haji Mohamad Rasdi 2005 9978: 9950: 9948: 9567: 9507: 9394: 9346: 9133: 9059: 9057: 9055: 8603: 8434: 7857:, racial prejudice against ethnic Malays 6238: 6001: 5740: 5662: 5501: 5394: 5175: 5076: 4896: 4610: 4166: 4012: 3960: 3841: 3741: 3578: 3457: 3239: 2969: 2740: 2623: 2440: 2336: 2075:Tuan Lebeh (seated, in the middle), the 2070: 1984: 1882:. The empire broadened its influence in 1845: 1737: 1619: 1420: 1281: 1120: 1024:An illustration of a Malay couple, from 641: 622: 292: 14083: 13975: 13932: 13830: 13795: 13638: 13544: 13503: 13437:, University of New South Wales Press, 13432: 13156: 12934: 12898: 12882: 12805:, Pendeta Discovery Universiti Malaya, 12595: 12574:Marzuki bin Haji Mohd Seruddin (2009), 12544:Majlis Kebudayaan Negeri Kedah (1986), 12504: 12486: 12305: 12164:. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia: 63–94. 11904: 11859:Far East and Australasia (34th edition) 11790: 11718: 11701: 11672:The Indianized states of Southeast Asia 11607: 11462: 11293:Amin, Tarek Abd El-Hamid Ahmed (1995). 11198:New terrains in Southeast Asian history 11004: 10958: 10923: 10807: 10783: 10713: 10578: 10409: 10295: 10067: 10046: 9812: 9700: 9688: 9676: 9664: 9472: 9430: 9364: 9322: 9232: 9220: 9140:. Oxford University Press. p. 27. 9134:Aljunied, Syed Muhd. Khairudin (2019). 8901: 8789: 8777: 8682:For the dating of the manuscripts, see 8619: 8579: 8525: 8470: 8374: 8323: 8260: 7969: 6635:Jambi Malays (Eastern Sumatran Malays) 6126:still retain parts of their indigenous 5463:of Malacca is one of the most renowned 3277:to the minister, from the judge to the 2266:in 1826 and became the crown colony of 17296: 16696: 13897: 13869: 13856:, Heinemann Educational Books (Asia), 13396: 13116: 12704: 12680:Utusan Publications & Distributors 12631: 12477: 12269: 12229: 12144: 12131:, London: Cambridge University Press, 12124: 12059:from the original on 16 September 2017 11944:The Malay Shadow Play: An Introduction 11922: 11874: 11793:Weapons and fighting arts of Indonesia 11772:New interest in an older Lembah Bujang 11557:, New York: I.B Tauris & Co. Ltd, 11552: 11450:from the original on 25 September 2022 11196:Abu Talib Ahmad; Tan, Liok Ee (2003), 10987: 10981: 10952: 10819: 10771: 10670:"Kris, more than just a simple dagger" 10590: 10482: 9990: 9633: 9519: 9370: 9334: 9137:Islam in Malaysia: An Entwined History 9000:Human Population Genetics and Genomics 8643: 8631: 8591: 8497: 8458: 8446: 8311: 8299: 8287: 8245: 8217:from the original on 23 September 2017 8071:"Census of Population 2020|Population" 6165:, which are still extensively used in 5275:ceremony, a purifying bath during the 5157:holidays usually commenced during the 5065:tucked into the front fold of sarong. 2941:. The federation was reconstituted as 1777:dating from the 14th century found in 1597:, a Malay prince of Palembang origin, 16956: 16670: 15651: 14470: 14298: 14104:Bilingualism: beyond basic principles 13719:from the original on 24 February 2021 13690:from the original on 26 November 2020 13613: 13565:The Malays, their problems and future 13231: 13188: 13134: 13046:Early civilizations of Southeast Asia 12921:, Singapore: Editions Didier Millet, 12916: 12843: 12509:, New York: Oxford University Press, 12389:James, Michael (1994), "Black Belt", 12388: 12198:, London: Edward Elgar Publications, 12181:from the original on 22 December 2018 12158:Wacana Seni Journal of Arts Discourse 11998: 11980: 11843:, New York: Oxford University Press, 11768: 11753:The great Indian corridor in the east 11665: 11647: 11570: 11535:Brown, Keith; Ogilvie, Sarah (2009), 11115:Amanah Khairat Yayasan Melayu Sarawak 10929: 10640: 10554: 10518: 10361: 10251:from the original on 21 November 2017 9945: 9736: 9645: 9454: 9244: 9196: 9109: 9075: 9052: 9046: 8889: 8732: 8730: 8410: 8398: 8191:from the original on 27 December 1996 5300:courts of their respective kingdoms. 4985:religious doctrine, as flaunting the 4155:, usually for aesthetic purposes and 3762:Various cultural influences, notably 3443:The Drink of All the Passionate) and 2924:Two years later the semi independent 1402:much admixture from previous groups. 1146: 13962:, Singapore: Asiapac Books Pte Ltd, 13851: 13815:Shaman Saiva and Sufi (2008 edition) 13668:Tirtosudarmo, Riwanto (March 2005). 13361: 13351:CREAM - Current Research in Malaysia 13348: 13313: 13295: 13219:from the original on 4 December 2020 13085:from the original on 16 January 2023 13000: 12831:from the original on 1 December 2017 12771:from the original on 9 December 2019 12359:from the original on 1 December 2017 12092: 12071: 11892: 11750: 11689:from the original on 23 January 2023 11589: 11516: 11429: 11292: 11213: 11200:, Singapore: Ohio University press, 11102: 10698: 10224: 10212: 9910: 9892:from the original on 3 December 2017 9856: 9829: 9784:"Malay (Bahasa Melayu / بهاس ملايو)" 9724: 9555: 9531: 8993: 8913: 8759:from the original on 16 October 2022 8703: 8567: 8422: 8386: 8335: 6291:Regions with significant population 6216: 5991: 5125:(lit "the Great Day") observance of 4892: 3894:structure. They have pitched roofs, 3544:Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan 2619: 1241:are their descendants), then to the 705:, while in reality it flowed to the 115:Regions with significant populations 14172: 14005:"Genetic 'map' of Asia's diversity" 13598: 13580: 13300:, London: Oxford University Press, 13298:A History of Malaysia and Singapore 13061: 13003:"Keris masih simbol paling penting" 12885:Kuntala, Sriwijaya Dan Suwarnabhumi 12818: 12330: 11319:Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity 11271: 11058:Majlis Kebudayaan Negeri Kedah 1986 10894: 10795: 10668:Tantri Yuliandini (18 April 2002). 10422:Marzuki bin Haji Mohd Seruddin 2009 9543: 9466: 9088:from the original on 2 October 2012 8994:Yang, Melinda A. (6 January 2022). 8841: 8801: 8549:from the original on 27 August 2010 8159:from the original on 3 January 2023 7728:Benua Tamiang Sultanate (1330–1528) 6110: 5984:) as defense mechanisms during the 4974:Philippines, Myanmar and Thailand. 3470:) that narrated the heroic tale of 2813:United Malays National Organisation 2704:, later reconstituted as Malaysia. 1613:, headed north and established the 1410: 1359: 1249:(roughly 4,500 years ago) (today's 13: 14194:], Moscow: Vostochnaya Kniga, 14106:, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 13996: 13419:, Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, 13197:[Chapter Two: South Thailand, 13177:from the original on 31 March 2023 12373:History of Modern Malay Literature 12113:from the original on 31 March 2023 11857:Europa Publications Staff (2002), 11636:from the original on 3 August 2020 11503:, vol. 5, London: Routledge, 8767:– via Journalarticle.ukm.my. 8727: 8717:"Orang Asli Population Statistics" 8664:from the original on 31 March 2023 8491: 8338:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 8051:from the original on 20 April 2015 7535:Kuntu Kampar Sultanate (1234–1933) 6407:Gunung Tabur Sultanate (1810–1945) 6153:In addition to naming system, the 6095:The Malays also have a variant of 5319:(for thanksgiving and gratitude), 4606: 3879:(reigned 1458–1477). According to 3850:palatial residence as seen in the 2889:and other Malay principalities in 2127:and later annexed a large part of 1388:-associated ancestry, spread into 1157:Homeland of Austronesian languages 659:, the hill recorded the advent of 14: 17450: 13935:"Keris jiwa Melayu dan Nusantara" 13627:from the original on 5 March 2016 13510:The Encyclopedia of World History 13244:from the original on 27 July 2018 13232:Razak, Aidila (24 January 2012). 12941:Studies in the science of society 12274:, New Delhi: Manak Publications, 11362:Sejarah Perjuangan Melayu Pattani 11242:from the original on 15 June 2012 10151: 9869:Jaaffar, Hussain & Ahmad 1992 9794:from the original on 26 June 2019 9489:from the original on 21 July 2015 5399:A female silat practitioner from 5383:is gradually superseded by hired- 5013:(a type of a long sleeve shirt), 3674:. Among these traditions was the 3554:Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Mekah 3441:Minuman Segala Orang yang Berahi; 1886:by defeating Datu Gambang of the 1730:Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia 1590:means "war against the Malays"). 1488:began to spread across the land. 1378:East- and Southeast Asian lineage 1277: 17319:Ethnic groups in the Middle East 16723:Peranakan / Straits-Born Chinese 14282: 14270: 14258: 14246: 14234: 13796:Winarno, Bondan (21 June 2010). 13583:The Rhetoric of Bangsa and Minzu 13260:Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei 13100:Uncovering Southeast Asia's Past 13044:O'Reilly, Dougald J. W. (2007), 13030:, Singapore: Periplus Editions, 12801:Mohd. Zamberi A. Malek. (1994), 12560:, New York: Marshall Cavendish, 12548:, Majlis Kebudayaan Negeri Kedah 11485:, University of Michigan Press, 11272:Ali, Tongkat (1 February 2010). 11021: 10751: 10619:from the original on 19 May 2018 10427: 10343:from the original on 11 May 2015 10325: 10241:"Malaysian Handicraft – Pottery" 10184: 10145: 10008: 9904: 9874: 9776: 9754: 9607:He, Galligan & Inoguchi 2007 9028:from the original on 16 May 2022 8746:Journal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia 7831: 7775: 7736: 7725:Bukit Karang Kingdom (1023–1330) 7704: 7670: 7638: 7618:Samarahan Kingdom (13th century) 7595: 7583: 7570: 7558: 7512: 7472: 7460: 7448: 7436: 7424: 7413: 7402: 7391: 7320: 7280: 7228: 7176: 7163: 7150: 7138: 7126: 7113: 7100: 7048: 7017: 6991: 6949: 6937: 6926: 6913: 6901: 6889: 6877: 6804: 6766: 6753: 6741: 6729: 6716: 6703: 6663: 6608: 6595: 6583: 6571: 6558: 6545: 6494: 6482: 6470: 6457: 6418: 6410:Sambaliung Sultanate (1810–1945) 6381: 6358: 6343: 6328: 6304: 6267:, continues with the country of 6157:also has an elaborate system of 5497: 4726:where stories from Hindu epics; 3610:, believing in the existence of 3584:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 3487:Sultan Alauddin Riaayat Shah III 3080:("Low Malay") as opposed to the 3043:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language 1033: 1017: 1002: 902:– mentioned in the chronicle of 316: 17309:Ethnic groups in Southeast Asia 13976:Ziegler, Oswald Leopol (1972), 13873:The New York Times Almanac 2001 13813:Winstedt, Richard Olaf (1925), 13764:, New York: Tuttle Publishing, 13457:Molecular Biology and Evolution 13397:Sarkar, Himansu Bhusan (1970), 13201:Narathiwat and Study Area] 13117:Othman, Mohd. Aris Hj. (1983), 12757:Mohamed Anwar Omar Din (2011), 12580:, Pelita Brunei, archived from 12507:Southeast Asia in world history 12425:Thai art with Indian influences 12252:; Roberts, Paul Ernest (2010), 12147:"A Study on the Development of 12125:Harper, Timothy Norman (2001), 12003:, Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO Inc, 11702:Colling, Patricia, ed. (1973), 11594:, Singapore: SNP Publications, 11398:"Pusaka, Rahsia Dan Dzat Keris" 11256:Malaysia Brunei & Singapore 11124: 10441:. 20 April 2009. Archived from 10154:"Malay Vernacular Architecture" 9127: 9069: 8987: 8919: 8709: 8676: 8637: 8531: 8476: 8329: 8229: 8203: 8141: 8115: 8089: 8080: 7615:Santubong Kingdom (7th century) 7544:Pelalawan Sultanate (1791–1946) 7538:Indragiri Sultanate (1298–1945) 6845:(Kedah Tua) (7th– 12th century) 6251:, the Malay people inhabit the 6063:which usually played after the 5390: 4045:. It is perceived as a work of 3731: 3337:Hikayat Awang Sulung Merah Muda 2783:were originally represented by 2664:Early Malay nationalism in Riau 1902:, setting up the Muslim Rajah, 1723: 1656:(1230–1263) managed to capture 1153:History of Austronesian peoples 1078:('Malay ways') was used in the 758:", is described in chapter 48, 16932:Immigrant workers in Singapore 14209:"Sejarah Orang Melayu Sarawak" 13980:, Oswald Ziegler Enterprises, 13798:"Gulai Ketam, Asam-Asam Pedas" 13678:in the 'Lands Below the Winds' 13490:, Singapore: Sahitya Academy, 13263:, Lonely Planet publications, 13195:Narathiwat dan Kawasan Kajian" 13119:The dynamics of Malay identity 12765:Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 12596:Matusky, Patricia Ann (1993), 12409:, Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit UTM, 12317:, Asian Educational Services, 11675:. University of Hawaii Press. 11382:, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 11360:Anuar Nik Mahmud, Nik (1999), 10080:Van Beek & Invernizzi 1999 9713:Van der Putten & Cody 2009 9383:Europa Publications Staff 2002 9311:Abu Talib Ahmad & Tan 2003 8326:, pp. 7, 32, 33 & 43. 8063: 8033: 8003: 7945: 7930: 7917: 7908: 7805:Mempawah Sultanate (1740–1950) 7624:Banting Kingdom (16th century) 7621:Saribas Kingdom (15th century) 6525:Mempawah Sultanate (1740–1950) 5287:tradition before Ramadan; and 5244:, the first revelation of the 4787:dance from Malacca Sultanate, 3758:, who ruled from 1458 to 1477. 3594:. The wealthy kingdom adopted 3216:. After the arrival of Islam, 2897:" of 1946 orchestrated by the 2434:or railway network across the 2379:North Borneo Chartered Company 1981:Colonisation by foreign powers 1670:Sadayavarman Sundara Pandyan I 1376:lineage (sometimes termed as ' 1323:Expansion from Sundaland model 962:Other suggestions include the 721:, a combination of the verbal 1: 17379:Ethnic groups in Saudi Arabia 17324:Ethnoreligious groups in Asia 13978:The world and south east Asia 13902:, Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 12463:, Brill Academic Publishers, 12423:Jermsawatdi, Promsak (1989), 12216:, Rotterdam: 010 Publishers, 11942:Ghulam Sarwar Yousof (1997), 11746:. London: Bradbury and Evans. 10435:"Seni Bermukun Semakin Malap" 8211:"Census Profile, 2016 Census" 8097:"Jejak Melayu di bumi anbiya" 7962: 7884:, the national philosophy of 7817:Sintang Sultanate (1365–1950) 7814:Sanggau Sultanate (1310–1960) 7374:Nong Chik Kingdom (1809–1902) 7344:(1st Millennium–15th century) 7342:Negara Sri Dharmaraja Kingdom 6148:Mohd Zaquan Adha Abdul Radzak 6146:footballer has the full name 5236:observance, a special day of 3956: 3402:Middle Eastern literary works 3235: 2945:with the addition in 1963 of 2905:and the Islamists' vision of 2799:in 1951. The third group was 2771:Sultan Idris Training College 2682:Indonesian National Awakening 2131:. Earlier, the Siamese under 1805:brought with it together the 1696:and the establishment of the 1558:, as well as the rest of the 1133:type, worn together with the 916:..Animosity occurred between 17434:Muslim ethnoreligious groups 17424:Ethnic groups in South Sudan 16336:Peranakan Eropah (including 14147:10.1371/journal.pone.0018312 13488:Asian variations in Ramayana 13191:"Bab Dua: Selatan Thailand, 12867:The culture and art of India 12489:Identity in Asian literature 11463:Barnard, Timothy P. (2004), 11218:, Sri Satguru Publications, 9443:Mohd. Zamberi A. Malek. 1994 7979:. Malaymail. 17 January 2022 6983:Jembal Sultanate (1638–1720) 6138:as marks of their religion. 5904:("A hold", smaller than the 5562:) as a symbol of allegiance. 5146:(Abraham) under the name of 5045:); for the aristocrats, the 4647:to the complicated moves in 3433:Rahsia Orang yang Bijaksana; 3394:Terengganu Inscription Stone 3316:(storytellers) for example: 2899:Communist Party of Indonesia 2857:Since the foundation of the 2793:Partai Orang Muslimin Malaya 2246:from the Dutch, followed by 2056:in 1528 to succeed Malacca. 1837:Siak Sri Indrapura Sultanate 1775:Terengganu Inscription Stone 1640:, would later establish the 1257:and others progressing into 1090:for "to speak of Malacca"). 994:As an ethnic name (ethnonym) 628:Muaro Jambi Temple Compounds 618: 451:-speaking Austronesians and 7: 17404:Ethnic groups in Mauritania 14173:Loh, Arnold (21 May 2016). 13401:, Calcutta: Punthi Pustak, 13215:] (Thesis) (in Malay). 12917:Munoz, Paul Michel (2006), 12846:West Malaysia and Singapore 12819:Mok, Opalyn (9 June 2017). 12803:Patani dalam tamadun Melayu 12725:Singapore Facts and Figures 12600:, Oxford University Press, 11840:The Oxford History of Islam 11481:Barrington, Lowell (2006), 11396:Angahsunan (16 July 2017). 11133:Abd. Rahman Ismail (2008), 11016:Joseph & Najmabadi 2006 10760:7 Kelas Senjata Alam Melayu 10192:"For Sale – CountryHeights" 9359:Mohamed Anwar Omar Din 2011 8184:United States Census Bureau 7848: 7796:Matam Sultanate (1590–1948) 7541:Rokan Sultanate (1569–1940) 7380:Teluban Kingdom (1817–1902) 7090:Chiefdom of Negeri Sembilan 7067:Assimilated Malay group of 6682:Assimilated Malay group of 6515:Assimilated Malay group of 6404:Berau Sultanate (1377–1830) 6296:Bangka and Belitung Malays 5658: 5512:National Museum of Malaysia 4707:), and sometimes a knobbed 3568: 3357:(a free translation of the 2965: 2805:Malay College Kuala Kangsar 2587:British colonial government 2290:in administration, and the 1914:. However, states like the 1792:, had become the centre of 1712:development of the related 1513:Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom 1344:at the end of the Ice Age. 1072:Magellan's circumnavigation 841:(Palembang)". In the later 301:embodies the philosophy of 10: 17455: 17374:Ethnic groups in Singapore 17349:Ethnic groups in Indonesia 14498:Ethnic groups in Indonesia 13882:The New York Times Company 13732:Umaiyah Haji Omar (2003), 13703:Umaiyah Haji Omar (2007). 13433:Sneddon, James N. (2003), 13415:Sheikh Shamsuddin (2005), 13296:Ryan, Neil Joseph (1976), 12783:Mohd Fauzi Yaacob (2009), 12505:Lockard, Craig A. (2009), 12230:Herwig, Holger H. (1980). 12077:History of South East Asia 12073:Hall, Daniel George Edward 11837:Esposito, John L. (1999), 11648:Clyne, Michael G. (1992), 11258:, New Holland Publishers, 11214:Ahir, Diwan Chand (1995), 9911:Musa, Mohd Faizal (2021). 8539:"Chronicle of Mongol Yuan" 7896:Malay units of measurement 7789: 7749: 7718: 7684: 7652: 7608: 7526: 7486: 7383:Jering Kingdom (1817–1902) 7334: 7294: 7242: 7190: 7062: 7030: 7005: 6962: 6818: 6780: 6677: 6633: 6622: 6508: 6431: 6395: 6371: 6318: 6294: 6235:Filipinos of Malay descent 6220: 6179:Prime Minister of Malaysia 6114: 5995: 5840:, with the Malay forms of 5674: 5405: 5073:Festivals and celebrations 5061:(Malay warrior) to have a 4907: 4185: 4162: 4008: 3735: 3572: 3332:Hikayat Anggun Cik Tunggal 3262: 2991: 2985: 2960: 2939:peaceful transfer of power 2657: 2647: 2634:Ta' Melayu Hilang Di-Dunia 2394:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 2135:have had already absorbed 2025:, to regional powers like 1993:in 1867, predominantly of 1989:The reigning elite of the 1727: 1414: 1405: 1302:The Deutero-Malays are an 1150: 1116: 18: 17232: 17160: 17010: 17001: 16990: 16927: 16907: 16824: 16815: 16743: 16713: 16704: 16548: 16530: 16450: 16365: 16322: 16194: 16087: 15939: 15926: 15805: 15722: 15707: 15696: 15685: 15679:Ethnic groups in Malaysia 15518: 15422: 15305: 15167: 15052: 14842: 14758: 14515: 14504: 14440: 14419: 14389: 14341: 14332: 13585:, Monash Asia Institute, 13527:Suryadinata, Leo (2000), 13362:Said, Ismail (May 2005). 13157:Pearson, Michael (2015), 13048:, Rowman Altamira Press, 12487:Littrup, Lisbeth (1996), 12391:Black Belt. Buyer's Guide 11999:Green, Thomas A. (2001), 11791:Draeger, Donn F. (1992), 11608:Chihara, Daigorō (1996), 11553:Burgat, François (2003), 11430:Baer, A. S. (Fall 1999). 11254:Alexander, James (2006), 11232:Ahmad Salehuddin (2009), 11070:Halimi & Pitchai 2016 10398:Ghulam Sarwar Yousof 1997 9407:Hunter & Roberts 2010 8684:Malay Concordance Project 8350:10.1017/S0022463401000157 7377:Jalur Kingdom (1817–1902) 7371:Legeh Kingdom (1755–1902) 7193:Northeast Sumatran Malays 6201:has the full regnal name 6067:season. A great skill of 4679:music became part of the 4386:; Palembangese Malays of 4251:for their northern-style 4172:Itik Masak Lomak Cili Api 4159:, a small water storage. 4037:Under the Malay culture, 3831:valley, an area known as 3462:A Kelantan-Patani styled 3435:The Secret of the Wise), 3407:Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiah 3245:Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa 2976:Kedukan Bukit Inscription 2797:Pan-Malayan Islamic Party 2660:South Thailand insurgency 2451:British colonial officers 1674:history of Southeast Asia 1654:Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja 1337:Human Genome Organisation 1107:Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa 914:. The chronicle stated: " 733:As a place name (toponym) 671:The epic literature, the 361: 283: 278: 270: 265: 258: 253: 245: 237: 227: 219: 211: 201: 191: 181: 171: 161: 151: 141: 131: 119: 114: 107: 102: 54: 46: 40: 16:Austronesian ethnic group 17414:Ethnic groups in Eritrea 17409:Ethnic groups in Bahrain 17394:Ethnic groups in Tunisia 17384:Ethnic groups in Morocco 17364:Ethnic groups in Sarawak 17359:Ethnic groups in Sumatra 17354:Ethnic groups in Lebanon 16937:Immigration to Singapore 15752:Negeri Sembilanese Malay 13960:Gateway to Malay culture 13735:The Assimilation of the 13257:Richmond, Simon (2007), 13189:Ramli, Rashahar (1999). 13142:. Munshiram Manoharlal. 12883:Muljana, Slamet (1981), 12705:Milner, Anthony (2010), 12614:Maznah Mohammad (1996), 12530:, Kessinger publishing, 12427:, Abhinav Publications, 12405:Jamil Abu Bakar (2002), 12393:, Rainbow Publications, 12093:Hall, Thomas D. (2017), 11981:Gopal, Lallanji (2000), 11769:Devan, Subhadra (2010), 11337:Anderbeck, Karl (2002). 10859:Yunos & Begawan 2011 10041:Henket & Heynen 2002 10003:Bolton & Hutton 2000 9749:Brown & Ogilvie 2009 9419:Andaya & Andaya 1984 9287:Andaya & Andaya 1984 9185:Ministry of Culture 1973 9163:, p. 359, 397, 398. 8644:Milner, Anthony (2011). 8363:Melebek & Moain 2006 7901: 5858:, referred to the Malay 5716:Keris Perjuangan Dirinya 5651:for the classical Malay 5387:services by the family. 3521:Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir 3510:Kitab Pengetahuan Bahasa 3161:exist. For example, the 2632:with his renowned quote 2521:and the principality of 2387:Dutch East India Company 2320:Unfederated Malay States 2318:, later became known as 2044:the capital city of the 1054:The word "Melayu" as an 514:of the Malay as a major 407:), the southern part of 85:, while the bride wears 17429:Maritime Southeast Asia 17399:Ethnic groups in Jordan 17339:Ethnic groups in Brunei 17314:Ethnic groups in Africa 15820:Christmas Island Malays 15563:Bangka Belitung Chinese 14326:Ethnic groups in Brunei 14186:Pogadaev, V.A. (2012), 13898:Wright, Thomas (2004), 13832:Wolters, Oliver William 13563:Syed Husin Ali (2008), 13277:Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). 12632:McNair, Sylvia (2002), 12445:, New York: Routledge, 12443:Islam in world politics 12290:Islam in Southeast Asia 12288:Hussin Mutalib (2008), 12145:Hassan, Hanisa (2016). 11985:, Motilal Banarsidass, 11924:Gerini, Gerolamo Emilio 11905:Ganguly, Šumit (1997), 11895:Popular Science Monthly 11755:, Mittal Publications, 11740:Crawfurd, John (1856). 11575:. Hilversum: Verloren. 11173:10.1126/science.1177074 10758:Kerawang Merah (2017), 10543:Abd. Rahman Ismail 2008 10374:Marshall Cavendish 2007 10320:Marshall Cavendish 2007 10056:Marshall Cavendish 2007 10016:"The Malay of Malaysia" 9967:Johns & Lahoud 2005 9845:Marshall Cavendish 2007 9260:Marshall Cavendish 2007 9013:10.47248/hpgg2202010001 8954:10.1073/pnas.2026132118 8302:, p. 10 & 185. 8045:World Population Review 7861:Ghosts in Malay culture 7791:West Kalimantan Malays 7602:Lima Puluh Kota Regency 7270:Modern Pahang Sultanate 6312:Bangka Belitung Islands 6121:Malay styles and titles 5029:worn around the waist, 4835:dance from Terengganu, 4695:(double-headed drums), 4639:to the Arab-influenced 4619:dancers performing the 3890:are built using simple 3483:Sir Richard O. Winstedt 3045:spoken by the earliest 2222:In 1786, the island of 2179:and similarly obtained 1390:Maritime Southeast Asia 1382:Mainland Southeast Asia 1165:(aboriginal Malays) or 1080:maritime Southeast Asia 1028:, between 1669 and 1682 888:Padang Roco Inscription 445:Maritime Southeast Asia 397:Bangka Belitung Islands 17419:Ethnic groups in Sudan 17389:Ethnic groups in Syria 17369:Ethnic groups in Sabah 17344:Ethnic groups in Egypt 16984:Ethnic groups in Sabah 14084:Collins, Alan (2003), 13852:Wong, Hoy Kee (1973), 13817:, London: BiblioLife, 13545:Sweeney, Amin (1987), 12698:Ancient Southeast Asia 12652:Melayu Online (2005), 12528:Through Central Borneo 12349:Irma Musliana (2016), 12270:Husain, M. G. (2007), 12250:Hunter, William Wilson 12017:Gulrose Karim (1990), 11875:Farrer, D. S. (2009), 11626:Cikgu Paklong (2017), 11590:Chew, Melanie (1999), 10883:Umaiyah Haji Omar 2007 10871:Umaiyah Haji Omar 2003 10567:Sheikh Shamsuddin 2005 10196:The Art of Living Show 9768:. 2008. Archived from 9299:Mohd Fauzi Yaacob 2009 9211:, p. 8 & 126. 9078:"Early Malay kingdoms" 8263:, pp. 7 & 60. 8149:"Australia – Ancestry" 7938: 7882:Malay Islamic Monarchy 6275:and continues down to 6249:Indonesian Archipelago 6244: 6056:Other popular game is 6015: 5775: 5672: 5563: 5403: 5201: 5098: 5021:(button), a small leg 4991:Mansur Shah of Malacca 4905: 4632: 4532:, rice cooked in rich 4183: 4151:, a traditional Malay 4034: 3977: 3877:Mansur Shah of Malacca 3855: 3759: 3644:(to enter Malayness). 3603: 3600:Malay Islamic Monarchy 3575:Malay Islamic identity 3474: 3376:Hikayat Panca Tanderan 3260: 3255:and the foundation of 2983: 2758: 2645: 2565:Tunku Baharuddin, the 2470: 2467:Federated Malay States 2363:Philippine Archipelago 2350: 2292:Federated Malay States 2104: 2091:in 1899. The State of 2002: 1880:Philippine Archipelago 1855: 1854:framework until today. 1747: 1645: 1453: 1426:Chedi Phra Borommathat 1366:Insular Southeast Asia 1299: 1169:(ancient Malays), the 1143: 948:Amoghapasa inscription 910:, during the reign of 858:) and Wú-laī-yû (無来由). 849:(1368–1644), the word 679: 668: 639: 574:Indonesian archipelago 391:(eastern and southern 353: 308: 16768:Ceylonese/Sri Lankans 14041:Yang di-Pertuan Agong 13870:Wright, John (2007), 13581:Tan, Liok Ee (1988), 13470:10.1093/molbev/msn068 13314:Said, Ismail (2002). 13136:Pande, Govind Chandra 12936:Murdock, George Peter 12869:, Coronet Books Inc, 12844:Moore, Wendy (1998), 12478:Leyden, John (1821), 11795:, Tuttle Publishing, 11775:, NST, archived from 11652:, De Gruyter Mouton, 11380:A History of Malaysia 11091:Anuar Nik Mahmud 1999 10984:, pp. 16, 33, 34 10613:Go2Travelmalaysia.com 10467:Ahmad Salehuddin 2009 10245:Go2Travelmalaysia.com 9173:Miksic & Goh 2017 9161:Miksic & Goh 2017 9122:Miksic & Goh 2017 8690:9 August 2022 at the 8213:. Statistics Canada. 7548:Riau-Lingga Sultanate 7264:Modern Pahang Kingdom 6535:Riau-Lingga Sultanate 6242: 6205:, while the reigning 6195:Yang di-Pertuan Agong 6051:Southeast Asian Games 6010:-maker's workshop in 6005: 5920:in the category) and 5765:Malay Heritage Museum 5761:Muzium Warisan Melayu 5744: 5666: 5627:(cloud patterns) and 5505: 5432:and coastal areas of 5398: 5179: 5080: 5053:(a type of coat) and 4900: 4857:narrative songs from 4614: 4170: 4016: 3964: 3845: 3745: 3658:(also referred as re- 3582: 3461: 3366:Hikayat Bayan Budiman 3243: 2973: 2949:(separated in 1965), 2859:Republic of Indonesia 2755:achieved independence 2744: 2627: 2543:Federated Malay State 2444: 2340: 2330:were occupied by the 2294:was formed. In 1909, 2095:was abolished by the 2074: 1991:Riau-Lingga Sultanate 1988: 1916:kingdom of Pangasinan 1849: 1841:Riau-Lingga Sultanate 1741: 1728:Further information: 1623: 1424: 1415:Further information: 1285: 1151:Further information: 1124: 645: 626: 296: 279:Related ethnic groups 17439:Austronesian peoples 16718:Chinese Singaporeans 16590:China/Taiwan Chinese 13958:Zaki Ragman (2003), 13761:The arts of Thailand 13746:on 18 September 2012 13641:Current Anthropology 12863:Mukerjee, Radhakamal 12638:, Children's Press, 12524:Lumholtz, Carl Sofus 12171:10.21315/ws2016.15.3 11946:, The Asian Centre, 11751:Deka, Phani (2007), 11539:, Elsevier Science, 11517:Boyd, Kelly (1999), 11421:Azmi Arifin (2015), 11408:on 23 September 2017 11303:on 25 September 2022 11029:"Mempawah Sultanate" 10507:Maznah Mohammad 1996 10495:Maznah Mohammad 1996 10179:Noor & Khoo 2003 10116:Jamil Abu Bakar 2002 8830:Jamil Abu Bakar 2002 8290:, pp. 200, 232. 8129:on 15 September 2018 8103:on 15 September 2018 8011:"Ethnic Group (eng)" 7872:List of Malay people 7855:Anti-Malay sentiment 7759:Terengganu Sultanate 7743:Aceh Tamiang Regency 7694:Kingdom of Singapura 7498:(2nd – 11th century) 7258:Old Pahang Sultanate 6956:Tanintharyi Division 6209:officially known as 6173:. By applying these 6099:board game known as 5759:gun as displayed in 5755:, a classical Malay 5381:Rewang/Gotong-Royong 3848:Setul Mambang Segara 3703:Hari Raya Aidilfitri 3636:ethnoreligious group 3557:(a narrative of his 3541:(an autobiography), 3082:Bahasa Melayu tinggi 3078:Bahasa Melayu rendah 3076:("Bazaar Malay") or 2935:Federation of Malaya 2926:Federation of Malaya 2914:Conference of Rulers 2767:Kesatuan Melayu Muda 2765:were represented by 2734:(1939). The rise of 2702:Federation of Malaya 2551:southern territories 2254:by 1874 and finally 2097:Rattanakosin Kingdom 1924:Kedatuan of Madja-as 1878:, north towards the 1688:, the foundation of 1680:prince to reign the 1603:Kingdom of Singapura 1308:Austronesian peoples 1239:Taiwanese aborigines 1125:A group of men from 1084:al parlare de Malaea 878:archaeological site. 782:– a location in the 516:ethnoreligious group 369:ethnoreligious group 286:Austronesian peoples 16817:Foreign ethnicities 16735:Indian Singaporeans 16550:Foreign ethnicities 15933:Indigenous peoples) 14138:2011PLoSO...618312H 14011:. 11 December 2009. 12709:, Wiley-Blackwell, 12700:, London: Routledge 11165:2009Sci...326.1541. 11159:(5959): 1541–1545. 10897:, pp. 151–152. 10445:on 6 September 2012 9955:Syed Husin Ali 2008 9930:10.3390/rel12030219 9772:on 29 October 2012. 9570:, pp. 163–164. 9272:Hussin Mutalib 2008 9199:, pp. 245–246. 8945:2021PNAS..11826132L 8939:(13): e2026132118. 8878:Soares, et al. 2008 8866:Abdulla et al. 2009 8594:, pp. 364–365. 7821:Tanjungpura Kingdom 7800:Pontianak Sultanate 7752:Terengganuan Malays 7654:Selangorean Malays 7310:Palembang Sultanate 6861:Kubang Pasu Kingdom 6693:Palembang Sultanate 5874:("An arm", a large 5637:decorative purposes 5089:(the 27th night of 4987:intimate body parts 4883:Zapin Api firedance 4875:Serampang Dua Belas 4555:Another example is 4090:Labu Gelugor Kepala 3998:Islamic calligraphy 3966:Burung Petala Indra 3792:(now a province in 3724:. It is considered 3709:Hari Raya Aidiladha 3596:Melayu Islam Beraja 3413:Hikayat Amir Hamzah 3345:Sanskrit literature 3324:Hikayat Malim Deman 3201:, and many others. 3152:Indonesian language 3125:Spanish East Indies 3115:describe Malay as " 3074:Bahasa Melayu pasar 2773:, with an ideal of 2751:Straits Settlements 2606:Pontianak incidents 2408:became part of the 2264:Straits Settlements 1999:colonial government 1975:Pontianak Sultanate 1955:Palembang Sultanate 1698:Tanjungpura Kingdom 1584:Pamalayu expedition 1460:voyages across the 1434:Nakhon Si Thammarat 1349:Stephen Oppenheimer 868:Tanjore inscription 866:– mentioned in the 745:region in general. 520:culinary traditions 477:Nakhon Si Thammarat 37: 16730:Malay Singaporeans 16698:Singaporean people 16491:Indians in Sarawak 15782:Terengganuan Malay 13945:on 1 December 2017 13381:10.3130/jaabe.4.17 13013:on 1 December 2017 12662:on 21 October 2012 12554:Marshall Cavendish 12196:Federalism in Asia 11779:on 1 December 2012 11440:Asian Perspectives 10999:Gulrose Karim 1990 10747:Irma Musliana 2016 10284:Cikgu Paklong 2017 10152:Ahmad, A. Ghafar. 10022:on 10 October 2012 9832:, pp. 379–381 9585:, pp. 133–136 9482:CIA World Factbook 8276:Melayu Online 2005 8248:, pp. 24, 33. 8187:. 5 October 2010. 7998:Ananta et al. 2015 7687:Singaporean Malays 7660:Selangor Sultanate 7610:Sarawakian Malays 7360:Singgora Sultanate 7350:(2nd–14th century) 7306:(7th–13th century) 7254:(5th century–1454) 7252:Old Pahang Kingdom 7064:Minangkabau Malays 6978:Kelantan Sultanate 6974:(1st −6th century) 6965:Kelantanese Malays 6839:(2nd–14th century) 6529:Selangor Sultanate 6443:(7th–15th century) 6365:Ayutthaya Province 6288:Historical realms 6245: 6181:has the full name 6016: 5776: 5673: 5564: 5478:Apart from Silat, 5404: 5202: 5198:Tengku Puan Indera 5184:(Crown Prince) of 5099: 5097:, Johor, Malaysia. 4906: 4633: 4184: 4115:-preparation; The 4035: 4021:, a classic Malay 4017:An ebony-coloured 3978: 3949:from the west and 3856: 3808:Wat Pra Borom That 3760: 3756:Sultan Mansur Shah 3604: 3489:of Johor in 1612, 3475: 3445:Zinat al-Muwahidin 3379:(an adaptation of 3369:(an adaptation of 3328:Hikayat Raja Donan 3319:Hikayat Malim Dewa 3261: 3183:Negeri Sembilanese 2984: 2846:but wanted to end 2815:(UMNO), to assert 2759: 2690:secession movement 2686:Pattani separatism 2678:Netherlands Indies 2646: 2471: 2457:in Istana Negara, 2425:Alfred von Tirpitz 2396:which divided the 2351: 2228:East India Company 2147:Malay kingdoms of 2141:Singgora Sultanate 2105: 2058:Portuguese Malacca 2003: 1939:Kelantan Sultanate 1890:and by founding a 1856: 1748: 1646: 1642:Kingdom of Malacca 1564:Old Malay language 1454: 1300: 1147:Proto-Malay models 1144: 1082:, to refer to the 1026:Reise nach Batavia 1011:Códice Casanatense 669: 640: 554:become subject to 494:The advent of the 371:native to eastern 309: 35: 17288: 17287: 17255:Malaysian Indians 17240:Malaysian Chinese 17228: 17227: 16950: 16949: 16942:Race in Singapore 16923: 16922: 16811: 16810: 16664: 16663: 16526: 16525: 16446: 16445: 16416:Penangite Chinese 16361: 16360: 16318: 16317: 15922: 15921: 15777:Selangorian Malay 15742:Kelantanese Malay 15645: 15644: 14464: 14463: 14415: 14414: 14201:978-5-7873-0658-3 14113:978-1-85359-625-4 14095:978-981-230-230-4 14017:"Pakaian Tradisi" 13987:978-0-909586-03-4 13969:978-981-229-326-8 13909:978-1-4191-8573-1 13891:978-1-57958-348-4 13863:978-0-686-60339-9 13845:978-0-87727-725-5 13824:978-1-4346-8633-6 13789:978-9971-69-454-8 13771:978-962-593-262-0 13592:978-0-86746-909-7 13574:978-983-9541-62-5 13556:978-0-520-05910-8 13538:978-981-230-078-2 13520:978-0-395-65237-4 13505:Stearns, Peter N. 13497:978-81-260-1809-3 13444:978-0-86840-598-8 13426:978-1-55643-562-1 13408:978-0-19-580302-0 13307:978-0-19-580302-0 13270:978-1-74059-708-1 13149:978-81-87586-24-1 13128:978-967-942-009-8 13109:978-9971-69-351-0 13078:978-1-57607-770-2 13055:978-0-7591-0278-1 13037:978-0-7946-0103-4 12979:978-979-064-417-5 12951:978-0-8369-1157-2 12928:978-981-4155-67-0 12910:978-979-8451-62-1 12876:978-81-215-0114-9 12855:978-962-593-179-1 12794:978-967-323-132-4 12763:, Jurnal Melayu, 12750:978-983-52-0357-2 12716:978-1-4443-3903-1 12689:978-967-61-1809-7 12645:978-0-516-21009-4 12625:978-981-3016-99-6 12607:978-967-65-3048-6 12567:978-0-7614-7631-3 12537:978-1-4191-8996-8 12516:978-0-19-533811-9 12498:978-0-7007-0367-8 12470:978-90-04-12820-0 12452:978-0-415-32411-3 12434:978-81-7017-090-7 12416:978-983-52-0274-2 12382:978-983-62-2745-4 12342:978-1-4330-0444-5 12324:978-81-206-1622-6 12311:Takakusu, Junjiro 12299:978-981-230-758-3 12281:978-81-7827-165-1 12263:978-1-145-70716-0 12223:978-90-6450-483-9 12205:978-1-84720-140-9 12138:978-0-521-00465-7 12086:978-0-333-24163-9 12041:Jurnal Perspektif 12028:978-81-7827-165-1 12010:978-1-57607-150-2 11992:978-81-208-0302-2 11953:978-983-9499-02-5 11916:978-0-262-52245-8 11886:978-1-4020-9355-5 11868:978-1-85743-133-9 11850:978-0-19-510799-9 11802:978-0-8048-1716-5 11762:978-81-8324-179-3 11733:978-1-110-77685-6 11682:978-0-8248-0368-1 11659:978-3-11-012855-0 11619:978-90-04-10512-6 11601:978-981-4032-48-3 11564:978-1-86064-212-8 11546:978-0-08-087774-7 11528:978-1-884964-33-6 11510:978-0-415-24397-1 11492:978-0-472-06898-2 11474:978-9971-69-279-7 11389:978-0-333-27672-3 11329:978-981-4519-87-8 11280:on 19 August 2011 11265:978-1-86011-309-3 11225:978-81-7030-462-3 11207:978-9971-69-269-8 11144:978-983-62-9934-5 11060:, pp. 19–69. 10198:. 22 March 2011. 9622:Tirtosudarmo 2005 9597:, pp. 47–48. 9457:, pp. 35–74. 9421:, pp. 62–68. 9147:978-0-19-092519-2 8473:, p. xl–xli. 7868:(Malay Supremacy) 7846: 7845: 7628:Sarawak Sultanate 7354:Pattani Sultanate 7218:Serdang Sultanate 7212:Langkat Sultanate 7038:Malacca Sultanate 6972:Red Earth Kingdom 6269:Brunei Darussalam 6227:Indonesian Malays 6217:Sub-ethnic groups 5992:Traditional games 5747:trigger mechanism 5587:embellished with 5240:for forgiveness; 5220:, remembrance of 5190:Dutch East Indies 5087:Malam Tujuh Likur 5085:) lighted during 4893:Traditional dress 4867:Gending Sriwijaya 4815:dance drama from 4591:adopted from the 4378:ikan mas panggang 4349:; Deli Malays of 4055:foreign influence 3993:Malay Archipelago 3864:Red Earth Kingdom 3782:Candi Muaro Jambi 3778:Candi Muara Takus 3748:Malacca Sultanate 3662:) throughout the 3472:Hikayat Seri Rama 3437:Sharab al-Asyikin 3354:Hikayat Seri Rama 3253:Merong Mahawangsa 3036:Malay Archipelago 2903:Greater Indonesia 2895:Social revolution 2801:the conservatives 2776:Greater Indonesia 2736:Malay nationalism 2650:Malay nationalism 2642:Malay nationalism 2620:Malay nationalism 2592:Later during the 2479:British dominance 2453:during the first 2410:Dutch East Indies 2398:Malay Archipelago 2288:British Residents 2242:, later in 1824, 2133:Ayutthaya Kingdom 2046:Malacca Sultanate 2039:Portuguese Empire 1967:Langkat Sultanate 1963:Serdang Sultanate 1920:Rajahnate of Cebu 1790:Malay Archipelago 1690:Rajahnate of Cebu 1615:Malacca Sultanate 1580:Javanese invaders 1560:Malay Archipelago 1342:rising sea levels 1179:Malay Archipelago 1127:Brunei Darussalam 1095:Hikayat Hang Tuah 1068:Antonio Pigafetta 1045:Malacca Sultanate 908:Sukhothai Kingdom 784:Golden Chersonese 743:Strait of Malacca 707:Batang Hari River 502:—the religion of 496:Malacca Sultanate 437:Brunei Darussalam 291: 290: 17446: 17208:Peninsula Malays 17008: 17007: 16977: 16970: 16963: 16954: 16953: 16822: 16821: 16711: 16710: 16691: 16684: 16677: 16668: 16667: 16520:Peranakan Chitty 16512: 16511: 16486:Indians in Sabah 16471:Penangite Indian 16422: 16421: 15937: 15936: 15797:Sarawakian Malay 15720: 15719: 15705: 15704: 15672: 15665: 15658: 15649: 15648: 14491: 14484: 14477: 14468: 14467: 14339: 14338: 14319: 14312: 14305: 14296: 14295: 14287: 14286: 14275: 14274: 14273: 14263: 14262: 14261: 14251: 14250: 14249: 14239: 14238: 14237: 14230: 14220: 14218: 14216: 14204: 14182: 14169: 14159: 14149: 14116: 14098: 14080: 14078: 14076: 14066: 14056: 14054: 14052: 14032: 14030: 14028: 14012: 13990: 13972: 13954: 13952: 13950: 13941:. Archived from 13929: 13924:. Archived from 13912: 13894: 13866: 13848: 13827: 13809: 13808:on 23 June 2010. 13804:. Archived from 13792: 13774: 13754: 13753: 13751: 13728: 13726: 13724: 13718: 13711: 13699: 13697: 13695: 13689: 13682: 13664: 13635: 13634: 13632: 13610: 13605:, archived from 13595: 13577: 13559: 13541: 13523: 13500: 13482: 13472: 13447: 13429: 13411: 13393: 13383: 13358: 13345: 13343: 13341: 13335: 13323:Jurnal Teknologi 13320: 13310: 13292: 13273: 13253: 13251: 13249: 13228: 13226: 13224: 13204: 13185: 13184: 13182: 13153: 13131: 13113: 13093: 13092: 13090: 13058: 13040: 13022: 13020: 13018: 13009:. Archived from 12997: 12996: 12994: 12988: 12982:, archived from 12971: 12954: 12931: 12913: 12895: 12879: 12858: 12840: 12838: 12836: 12815: 12797: 12779: 12778: 12776: 12753: 12735: 12719: 12701: 12692: 12670: 12669: 12667: 12658:, archived from 12648: 12628: 12610: 12592: 12591: 12589: 12584:on 5 August 2012 12570: 12549: 12540: 12519: 12501: 12483: 12473: 12455: 12437: 12419: 12401: 12385: 12367: 12366: 12364: 12345: 12327: 12302: 12284: 12266: 12245: 12241:978-0-04943023-5 12226: 12208: 12190: 12188: 12186: 12180: 12173: 12155: 12141: 12121: 12120: 12118: 12089: 12068: 12066: 12064: 12031: 12013: 11995: 11977: 11956: 11938: 11919: 11901: 11889: 11871: 11853: 11833: 11832: 11830: 11824: 11818:, archived from 11817: 11805: 11787: 11786: 11784: 11765: 11747: 11736: 11714: 11698: 11696: 11694: 11662: 11644: 11643: 11641: 11622: 11604: 11586: 11582:978-9-06550738-9 11567: 11549: 11531: 11513: 11495: 11477: 11459: 11457: 11455: 11438:. Book Reviews. 11434:Eden in the East 11426: 11417: 11415: 11413: 11404:. Archived from 11392: 11374: 11356: 11354: 11352: 11333: 11312: 11310: 11308: 11289: 11287: 11285: 11268: 11250: 11249: 11247: 11228: 11210: 11192: 11147: 11118: 11112: 11106: 11100: 11094: 11088: 11073: 11067: 11061: 11055: 11049: 11048: 11046: 11044: 11035:. Archived from 11025: 11019: 11013: 11002: 10996: 10985: 10979: 10956: 10950: 10927: 10921: 10898: 10892: 10886: 10880: 10874: 10868: 10862: 10856: 10850: 10844: 10838: 10832: 10823: 10817: 10811: 10805: 10799: 10793: 10787: 10781: 10775: 10769: 10763: 10762: 10755: 10749: 10744: 10738: 10732: 10717: 10711: 10702: 10696: 10690: 10689: 10687: 10685: 10676:. Archived from 10674:The Jakarta Post 10665: 10659: 10658: 10656: 10654: 10649:on 24 March 2018 10638: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10624: 10605: 10594: 10588: 10582: 10576: 10570: 10564: 10558: 10552: 10546: 10540: 10534: 10528: 10522: 10516: 10510: 10504: 10498: 10492: 10486: 10480: 10469: 10464: 10455: 10454: 10452: 10450: 10431: 10425: 10419: 10413: 10412:, pp. 8–11. 10407: 10401: 10395: 10389: 10383: 10377: 10371: 10365: 10359: 10353: 10352: 10350: 10348: 10329: 10323: 10317: 10311: 10305: 10299: 10293: 10287: 10281: 10275: 10273:Azmi Arifin 2015 10270: 10261: 10260: 10258: 10256: 10237: 10228: 10222: 10216: 10210: 10204: 10203: 10188: 10182: 10176: 10170: 10169: 10167: 10165: 10156:. Archived from 10149: 10143: 10137: 10131: 10125: 10119: 10113: 10107: 10101: 10095: 10092:Jermsawatdi 1989 10089: 10083: 10077: 10071: 10065: 10059: 10053: 10044: 10038: 10032: 10031: 10029: 10027: 10012: 10006: 10000: 9994: 9988: 9982: 9976: 9970: 9964: 9958: 9952: 9943: 9942: 9932: 9908: 9902: 9901: 9899: 9897: 9888:. 10 July 2016. 9878: 9872: 9866: 9860: 9854: 9848: 9842: 9833: 9827: 9816: 9810: 9804: 9803: 9801: 9799: 9780: 9774: 9773: 9758: 9752: 9746: 9740: 9734: 9728: 9722: 9716: 9710: 9704: 9698: 9692: 9686: 9680: 9674: 9668: 9662: 9649: 9643: 9637: 9631: 9625: 9619: 9610: 9604: 9598: 9592: 9586: 9583:Suryadinata 2000 9580: 9571: 9565: 9559: 9553: 9547: 9541: 9535: 9529: 9523: 9517: 9511: 9505: 9499: 9498: 9496: 9494: 9476: 9470: 9464: 9458: 9452: 9446: 9440: 9434: 9428: 9422: 9416: 9410: 9404: 9398: 9392: 9386: 9380: 9374: 9368: 9362: 9356: 9350: 9344: 9338: 9332: 9326: 9320: 9314: 9308: 9302: 9296: 9290: 9284: 9275: 9269: 9263: 9257: 9248: 9242: 9236: 9230: 9224: 9218: 9212: 9206: 9200: 9194: 9188: 9182: 9176: 9170: 9164: 9158: 9152: 9151: 9131: 9125: 9119: 9113: 9107: 9098: 9097: 9095: 9093: 9073: 9067: 9064:Zaki Ragman 2003 9061: 9050: 9044: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9033: 9015: 8991: 8985: 8984: 8974: 8956: 8923: 8917: 8911: 8905: 8899: 8893: 8887: 8881: 8875: 8869: 8863: 8857: 8854:Oppenheimer 2006 8851: 8845: 8839: 8833: 8827: 8821: 8815: 8809: 8799: 8793: 8787: 8781: 8775: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8764: 8758: 8743: 8734: 8725: 8724: 8723:on 22 July 2011. 8713: 8707: 8701: 8695: 8680: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8641: 8635: 8629: 8623: 8617: 8611: 8601: 8595: 8589: 8583: 8577: 8571: 8565: 8559: 8558: 8556: 8554: 8535: 8529: 8523: 8517: 8516: 8495: 8489: 8488: 8480: 8474: 8468: 8462: 8456: 8450: 8444: 8438: 8432: 8426: 8420: 8414: 8408: 8402: 8396: 8390: 8384: 8378: 8372: 8366: 8365:, pp. 9–10. 8360: 8354: 8353: 8333: 8327: 8321: 8315: 8309: 8303: 8297: 8291: 8285: 8279: 8273: 8264: 8258: 8249: 8243: 8237: 8233: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8207: 8201: 8200: 8198: 8196: 8175: 8169: 8168: 8166: 8164: 8145: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8134: 8125:. Archived from 8119: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8099:. Archived from 8093: 8087: 8084: 8078: 8077: 8075: 8067: 8061: 8060: 8058: 8056: 8037: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8026: 8021:on 21 April 2020 8007: 8001: 7995: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7973: 7956: 7949: 7943: 7941: 7934: 7928: 7921: 7915: 7912: 7837: 7835: 7834: 7809:Sambas Sultanate 7781: 7779: 7778: 7741: 7740: 7739: 7710: 7708: 7707: 7676: 7674: 7673: 7644: 7642: 7641: 7600: 7599: 7598: 7588: 7587: 7586: 7576: 7574: 7573: 7564: 7562: 7561: 7518: 7516: 7515: 7478: 7476: 7475: 7466: 7464: 7463: 7454: 7452: 7451: 7441: 7440: 7439: 7429: 7428: 7427: 7418: 7417: 7416: 7407: 7406: 7405: 7396: 7395: 7394: 7326: 7324: 7323: 7297:Palembang Malays 7286: 7284: 7283: 7234: 7232: 7231: 7200:Asahan Sultanate 7182: 7180: 7179: 7169: 7167: 7166: 7156: 7154: 7153: 7144: 7142: 7141: 7132: 7130: 7129: 7119: 7117: 7116: 7106: 7104: 7103: 7054: 7052: 7051: 7032:Malaccan Malays 7024:Jembrana Regency 7022: 7021: 7020: 6997: 6995: 6994: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6942: 6941: 6940: 6931: 6930: 6929: 6919: 6917: 6916: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6895: 6893: 6892: 6883: 6881: 6880: 6810: 6808: 6807: 6782:Johorean Malays 6772: 6770: 6769: 6759: 6757: 6756: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6735: 6733: 6732: 6722: 6720: 6719: 6709: 6707: 6706: 6669: 6667: 6666: 6614: 6612: 6611: 6601: 6599: 6598: 6589: 6587: 6586: 6577: 6575: 6574: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6551: 6549: 6548: 6500: 6498: 6497: 6488: 6486: 6485: 6476: 6474: 6473: 6463: 6461: 6460: 6447:Brunei Sultanate 6423: 6422: 6421: 6387: 6385: 6384: 6373:Bengkulu Malays 6363: 6362: 6361: 6348: 6347: 6346: 6333: 6332: 6331: 6310: 6308: 6307: 6282: 6281: 6223:Malaysian Malays 6207:Sultan of Brunei 6141:Malay names are 6111:Names and titles 5734:and smoked with 5321:Melenggang Perut 5293:harvest festival 5250:Israk dan Mikraj 5138:and patience in 5115:Islamic calendar 5081:Rows of Pelita ( 5033:(sandal), and a 4983:Judaeo-Christian 4781:love ballad and 4550:Nasi Hujan Panas 4287:for their spicy 4234:-based cuisine, 3951:Southern Chinese 3933:from the north, 3917:from the south, 3886:The traditional 3774:Malay kingdoms. 3538:Hikayat Abdullah 3502:medical journals 3498:Kitab Ilmu Bedil 3265:Malay literature 3072:that was called 3028:Christmas Island 2907:Islamic Republic 2809:Persatuan Melayu 2749:and two British 2432:commercial canal 2276:Christmas Island 2145:semi-independent 2139:and overrun the 2125:Patani Sultanate 2089:Kingdom of Reman 1971:Asahan Sultanate 1969:(1568–1948) and 1943:Patani Sultanate 1941:(1411–present), 1937:(1136–present), 1904:Rajah Sulaiman I 1888:Kingdom of Tondo 1835:(1470–present), 1833:Pahang Sultanate 1831:(1528–present), 1827:(1528–present), 1686:Central Thailand 1624:The timeline of 1601:established the 1411:Indian influence 1374:Basal-East Asian 1360:Genetic evidence 1037: 1021: 1006: 872:Rajendra Chola I 845:(1271–1368) and 811:Chinese Buddhist 692: 689: 686: 682: 524:Malay sultanates 364:‎) are an 363: 345: 339: 338: 335: 334: 331: 328: 325: 322: 103:Total population 59: 48: 38: 34: 17454: 17453: 17449: 17448: 17447: 17445: 17444: 17443: 17334:Malay Peninsula 17294: 17293: 17291: 17289: 17284: 17250:Arab Malaysians 17224: 17156: 17116:Bruneian Malays 17012: 16997: 16986: 16981: 16951: 16946: 16919: 16903: 16807: 16739: 16700: 16695: 16665: 16660: 16551: 16544: 16533:(non-Peranakan) 16532: 16522: 16510: 16454: 16442: 16420: 16369: 16357: 16354:Peranakan Turki 16314: 16190: 16083: 15942: 15932: 15930: 15918: 15801: 15757:Penangite Malay 15711: 15692: 15681: 15676: 15646: 15641: 15514: 15418: 15308: 15301: 15163: 15048: 14838: 14754: 14511: 14500: 14495: 14465: 14460: 14436: 14411: 14385: 14328: 14323: 14293: 14281: 14271: 14269: 14259: 14257: 14247: 14245: 14235: 14233: 14225: 14223: 14214: 14212: 14202: 14114: 14096: 14074: 14072: 14064: 14050: 14048: 14035: 14026: 14024: 14023:on 4 April 2010 14015: 14003: 13999: 13997:Further reading 13994: 13993: 13988: 13970: 13948: 13946: 13928:on 14 May 2016. 13910: 13892: 13864: 13846: 13825: 13790: 13772: 13749: 13747: 13722: 13720: 13716: 13709: 13693: 13691: 13687: 13680: 13630: 13628: 13593: 13575: 13557: 13539: 13521: 13498: 13445: 13427: 13409: 13339: 13337: 13336:on 22 July 2011 13333: 13318: 13308: 13289: 13271: 13247: 13245: 13222: 13220: 13202: 13180: 13178: 13171: 13150: 13129: 13110: 13088: 13086: 13079: 13056: 13038: 13016: 13014: 12992: 12990: 12989:on 12 July 2017 12986: 12980: 12969: 12952: 12929: 12911: 12877: 12856: 12834: 12832: 12813: 12795: 12774: 12772: 12751: 12717: 12690: 12665: 12663: 12646: 12626: 12608: 12587: 12585: 12568: 12538: 12517: 12499: 12471: 12453: 12435: 12417: 12383: 12362: 12360: 12343: 12325: 12300: 12282: 12264: 12242: 12224: 12206: 12184: 12182: 12178: 12153: 12139: 12116: 12114: 12107: 12087: 12062: 12060: 12029: 12011: 11993: 11954: 11917: 11887: 11869: 11851: 11828: 11826: 11825:on 22 July 2011 11822: 11815: 11803: 11782: 11780: 11763: 11734: 11692: 11690: 11683: 11660: 11639: 11637: 11620: 11602: 11583: 11565: 11547: 11529: 11511: 11493: 11475: 11453: 11451: 11411: 11409: 11390: 11372: 11350: 11348: 11347:on 4 March 2016 11330: 11306: 11304: 11283: 11281: 11266: 11245: 11243: 11226: 11208: 11145: 11127: 11122: 11121: 11113: 11109: 11101: 11097: 11089: 11076: 11068: 11064: 11056: 11052: 11042: 11040: 11039:on 8 April 2016 11027: 11026: 11022: 11014: 11005: 10997: 10988: 10980: 10959: 10955:, pp. 1–26 10951: 10930: 10922: 10901: 10893: 10889: 10881: 10877: 10869: 10865: 10857: 10853: 10845: 10841: 10833: 10826: 10818: 10814: 10806: 10802: 10798:, p. 1357. 10794: 10790: 10782: 10778: 10770: 10766: 10756: 10752: 10745: 10741: 10735:Angahsunan 2017 10733: 10720: 10712: 10705: 10697: 10693: 10683: 10681: 10680:on 29 July 2014 10666: 10662: 10652: 10650: 10639: 10632: 10622: 10620: 10607: 10606: 10597: 10589: 10585: 10577: 10573: 10565: 10561: 10553: 10549: 10541: 10537: 10529: 10525: 10517: 10513: 10505: 10501: 10493: 10489: 10481: 10472: 10465: 10458: 10448: 10446: 10433: 10432: 10428: 10420: 10416: 10408: 10404: 10396: 10392: 10384: 10380: 10376:, p. 1220. 10372: 10368: 10360: 10356: 10346: 10344: 10331: 10330: 10326: 10322:, p. 1222. 10318: 10314: 10306: 10302: 10294: 10290: 10282: 10278: 10271: 10264: 10254: 10252: 10239: 10238: 10231: 10223: 10219: 10211: 10207: 10190: 10189: 10185: 10177: 10173: 10163: 10161: 10160:on 10 June 2010 10150: 10146: 10138: 10134: 10126: 10122: 10114: 10110: 10102: 10098: 10090: 10086: 10078: 10074: 10066: 10062: 10054: 10047: 10039: 10035: 10025: 10023: 10014: 10013: 10009: 10001: 9997: 9989: 9985: 9977: 9973: 9965: 9961: 9953: 9946: 9909: 9905: 9895: 9893: 9880: 9879: 9875: 9867: 9863: 9855: 9851: 9843: 9836: 9828: 9819: 9811: 9807: 9797: 9795: 9782: 9781: 9777: 9760: 9759: 9755: 9747: 9743: 9735: 9731: 9723: 9719: 9711: 9707: 9699: 9695: 9687: 9683: 9675: 9671: 9663: 9652: 9644: 9640: 9632: 9628: 9620: 9613: 9605: 9601: 9595:Barrington 2006 9593: 9589: 9581: 9574: 9566: 9562: 9554: 9550: 9542: 9538: 9530: 9526: 9518: 9514: 9506: 9502: 9492: 9490: 9478: 9477: 9473: 9465: 9461: 9453: 9449: 9441: 9437: 9429: 9425: 9417: 9413: 9405: 9401: 9393: 9389: 9381: 9377: 9369: 9365: 9357: 9353: 9345: 9341: 9333: 9329: 9321: 9317: 9309: 9305: 9297: 9293: 9285: 9278: 9270: 9266: 9258: 9251: 9243: 9239: 9231: 9227: 9219: 9215: 9207: 9203: 9195: 9191: 9183: 9179: 9171: 9167: 9159: 9155: 9148: 9132: 9128: 9120: 9116: 9108: 9101: 9091: 9089: 9074: 9070: 9062: 9053: 9045: 9041: 9031: 9029: 8992: 8988: 8924: 8920: 8912: 8908: 8900: 8896: 8888: 8884: 8876: 8872: 8864: 8860: 8852: 8848: 8840: 8836: 8828: 8824: 8816: 8812: 8800: 8796: 8788: 8784: 8776: 8772: 8762: 8760: 8756: 8741: 8735: 8728: 8715: 8714: 8710: 8706:, pp. 4–5. 8702: 8698: 8692:Wayback Machine 8681: 8677: 8667: 8665: 8658: 8642: 8638: 8630: 8626: 8618: 8614: 8602: 8598: 8590: 8586: 8578: 8574: 8566: 8562: 8552: 8550: 8537: 8536: 8532: 8524: 8520: 8513: 8499:Miksic, John M. 8496: 8492: 8481: 8477: 8469: 8465: 8457: 8453: 8445: 8441: 8433: 8429: 8421: 8417: 8409: 8405: 8397: 8393: 8385: 8381: 8373: 8369: 8361: 8357: 8334: 8330: 8322: 8318: 8310: 8306: 8298: 8294: 8286: 8282: 8274: 8267: 8259: 8252: 8244: 8240: 8234: 8230: 8220: 8218: 8209: 8208: 8204: 8194: 8192: 8177: 8176: 8172: 8162: 8160: 8147: 8146: 8142: 8132: 8130: 8121: 8120: 8116: 8106: 8104: 8095: 8094: 8090: 8085: 8081: 8073: 8069: 8068: 8064: 8054: 8052: 8039: 8038: 8034: 8024: 8022: 8015:indonesia.go id 8009: 8008: 8004: 7996: 7992: 7982: 7980: 7975: 7974: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7959: 7950: 7946: 7935: 7931: 7922: 7918: 7913: 7909: 7904: 7891:Malay tricolour 7866:Ketuanan Melayu 7851: 7839:West Kalimantan 7832: 7830: 7776: 7774: 7737: 7735: 7720:Tamiang Malays 7705: 7703: 7671: 7669: 7639: 7637: 7596: 7594: 7593: 7590:Pasaman Regency 7584: 7582: 7581: 7571: 7569: 7559: 7557: 7513: 7511: 7502:Perak Sultanate 7489:Perakian Malays 7473: 7471: 7461: 7459: 7449: 7447: 7437: 7435: 7434: 7425: 7423: 7414: 7412: 7403: 7401: 7392: 7390: 7336:Pattani Malays 7321: 7319: 7281: 7279: 7229: 7227: 7177: 7175: 7164: 7162: 7161: 7151: 7149: 7139: 7137: 7134:Negeri Sembilan 7127: 7125: 7114: 7112: 7111: 7101: 7099: 7065: 7049: 7047: 7018: 7016: 6992: 6990: 6950: 6948: 6938: 6936: 6927: 6925: 6914: 6912: 6902: 6900: 6890: 6888: 6878: 6876: 6849:Kedah Sultanate 6805: 6803: 6788:Johor Sultanate 6767: 6765: 6754: 6752: 6742: 6740: 6730: 6728: 6717: 6715: 6714: 6704: 6702: 6680: 6679:Javanese Malays 6664: 6662: 6653:Jambi Sultanate 6609: 6607: 6596: 6594: 6584: 6582: 6572: 6570: 6559: 6557: 6556: 6546: 6544: 6513: 6495: 6493: 6483: 6481: 6471: 6469: 6458: 6456: 6441:Bruneian Empire 6434:Bruneian Malays 6419: 6417: 6382: 6380: 6359: 6357: 6356: 6344: 6342: 6341: 6329: 6327: 6320:Bangkok Malays 6305: 6303: 6253:Malay Peninsula 6237: 6219: 6123: 6115:Main articles: 6113: 6000: 5994: 5956:Busur dan Panah 5864:Tongkat Panjang 5683: 5661: 5589:precious stones 5554:to the King of 5500: 5418:Malay Peninsula 5414: 5406:Main articles: 5393: 5305:rite of passage 5161:event known as 5121:. The biannual 5119:Malay character 5075: 4932:Malay Peninsula 4916: 4908:Main articles: 4895: 4609: 4607:Performing arts 4426:West Kalimantan 4410:Bangka Belitung 4283:-based dishes; 4277:Negeri Sembilan 4190: 4165: 4011: 3959: 3953:from the east. 3746:Replica of the 3740: 3734: 3656:Islamic revival 3577: 3571: 3429:Asrar al-Arifin 3349:Hindu mythology 3302:oral literature 3271: 3263:Main articles: 3238: 3140:Johor Sultanate 3138:The dialect of 3098:Betawi language 3056:Classical Malay 2996: 2990: 2968: 2963: 2817:Malay dominance 2674:Malay Peninsula 2666: 2656: 2654:Malay supremacy 2648:Main articles: 2622: 2610:West Kalimantan 2406:Southern Borneo 2345:(1578–1580) as 2341:Scene from the 2332:Empire of Japan 2232:Kedah Sultanate 2129:Kedah Sultanate 2117:Kingdom of Siam 2054:Johor Sultanate 2050:fort of Malacca 2037:. In 1511, the 1983: 1951:Jambi Sultanate 1935:Kedah Sultanate 1898:in present-day 1892:satellite state 1864:Bruneian Empire 1860:South China Sea 1829:Perak Sultanate 1825:Johor Sultanate 1813:("Malayness"). 1807:Classical Malay 1736: 1726: 1702:West Kalimantan 1700:in what is now 1684:in present-day 1666:Pandyan dynasty 1628:expansion from 1599:Sang Nila Utama 1505:Malay Peninsula 1419: 1413: 1408: 1370:Malay Peninsula 1362: 1325: 1280: 1159: 1149: 1137:(far left) and 1119: 1070:who joined the 1052: 1051: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1043:dance from the 1038: 1030: 1029: 1022: 1014: 1013: 1007: 996: 930:– mentioned in 802:– mentioned by 768:Malay Peninsula 735: 690: 687: 684: 653:. According to 647:Bukit Seguntang 621: 528:Malay Peninsula 401:West Kalimantan 377:Malay Peninsula 343: 319: 315: 299:Malay tricolour 98: 50: 45: 33: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 17452: 17442: 17441: 17436: 17431: 17426: 17421: 17416: 17411: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17391: 17386: 17381: 17376: 17371: 17366: 17361: 17356: 17351: 17346: 17341: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17311: 17306: 17286: 17285: 17283: 17282: 17277: 17272: 17267: 17262: 17257: 17252: 17247: 17242: 17236: 17234: 17233:Non-Bumiputera 17230: 17229: 17226: 17225: 17223: 17222: 17217: 17212: 17211: 17210: 17205: 17195: 17190: 17185: 17180: 17175: 17170: 17164: 17162: 17158: 17157: 17155: 17154: 17151: 17146: 17141: 17138: 17133: 17132:Molbog/Balabak 17130: 17125: 17120: 17119: 17118: 17108: 17103: 17098: 17093: 17088: 17083: 17082: 17081: 17076: 17066: 17065: 17064: 17063: 17062: 17057: 17052: 17047: 17042: 17037: 17027: 17016: 17014: 17005: 16999: 16998: 16991: 16988: 16987: 16980: 16979: 16972: 16965: 16957: 16948: 16947: 16945: 16944: 16939: 16934: 16928: 16925: 16924: 16921: 16920: 16918: 16917: 16911: 16909: 16905: 16904: 16902: 16901: 16896: 16891: 16886: 16881: 16876: 16871: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16855: 16854: 16844: 16839: 16834: 16828: 16826: 16819: 16813: 16812: 16809: 16808: 16806: 16805: 16800: 16795: 16790: 16785: 16783:Jawi Peranakan 16780: 16775: 16770: 16765: 16764: 16763: 16753: 16747: 16745: 16741: 16740: 16738: 16737: 16732: 16727: 16726: 16725: 16714: 16708: 16702: 16701: 16694: 16693: 16686: 16679: 16671: 16662: 16661: 16659: 16658: 16653: 16648: 16643: 16638: 16633: 16628: 16622: 16617: 16612: 16607: 16602: 16597: 16592: 16587: 16577: 16572: 16562: 16556: 16554: 16546: 16545: 16543: 16542: 16536: 16534: 16531:Mixed ancestry 16528: 16527: 16524: 16523: 16518: 16516: 16509: 16508: 16503: 16498: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16473: 16468: 16462: 16460: 16448: 16447: 16444: 16443: 16441: 16440: 16435: 16432:Peranakan Cina 16428: 16426: 16419: 16418: 16413: 16408: 16403: 16398: 16393: 16388: 16383: 16377: 16375: 16363: 16362: 16359: 16358: 16356: 16355: 16352: 16349:Peranakan Siam 16346: 16344:Jawi Peranakan 16341: 16334: 16332:Peranakan Arab 16328: 16326: 16320: 16319: 16316: 16315: 16313: 16312: 16307: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16291: 16290: 16285: 16275: 16270: 16265: 16260: 16255: 16250: 16249: 16248: 16247: 16246: 16241: 16236: 16231: 16226: 16221: 16211: 16200: 16198: 16192: 16191: 16189: 16188: 16187: 16186: 16181: 16176: 16168: 16167: 16166: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16146: 16141: 16136: 16131: 16121: 16120: 16119: 16114: 16109: 16104: 16093: 16091: 16085: 16084: 16082: 16081: 16080: 16079: 16074: 16069: 16064: 16059: 16054: 16044: 16043: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16017: 16012: 16007: 15997: 15996: 15995: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15979: 15978: 15973: 15963: 15958: 15947: 15945: 15934: 15924: 15923: 15920: 15919: 15917: 15916: 15911: 15906: 15904:Burmese Malays 15901: 15896: 15895: 15894: 15889: 15884: 15874: 15869: 15864: 15859: 15849: 15848: 15847: 15837: 15832: 15827: 15822: 15817: 15811: 15809: 15803: 15802: 15800: 15799: 15794: 15789: 15787:Bruneian Malay 15784: 15779: 15774: 15769: 15767:Perlisan Malay 15764: 15762:Perakian Malay 15759: 15754: 15749: 15747:Malaccan Malay 15744: 15739: 15734: 15732:Johorean Malay 15728: 15726: 15717: 15702: 15694: 15693: 15686: 15683: 15682: 15675: 15674: 15667: 15660: 15652: 15643: 15642: 15640: 15639: 15634: 15629: 15624: 15619: 15614: 15609: 15604: 15599: 15598: 15597: 15592: 15582: 15577: 15576: 15575: 15570: 15568:Maluku Chinese 15565: 15560: 15550: 15545: 15540: 15535: 15534: 15533: 15531:Black Dutchmen 15522: 15520: 15519:Non-indigenous 15516: 15515: 15513: 15512: 15511: 15510: 15505: 15500: 15495: 15490: 15485: 15480: 15479: 15478: 15468: 15463: 15458: 15457: 15456: 15451: 15446: 15441: 15428: 15426: 15424:Maluku Islands 15420: 15419: 15417: 15416: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15396: 15391: 15386: 15381: 15376: 15371: 15370: 15369: 15359: 15354: 15349: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15319: 15313: 15311: 15303: 15302: 15300: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15274: 15269: 15264: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15173: 15171: 15165: 15164: 15162: 15161: 15160: 15159: 15149: 15144: 15139: 15134: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15109: 15104: 15099: 15094: 15089: 15084: 15079: 15074: 15069: 15064: 15058: 15056: 15050: 15049: 15047: 15046: 15045: 15044: 15039: 15029: 15024: 15023: 15022: 15017: 15007: 15006: 15005: 15004: 15003: 14998: 14988: 14987: 14986: 14981: 14971: 14970: 14969: 14964: 14954: 14953: 14952: 14942: 14941: 14940: 14930: 14929: 14928: 14923: 14913: 14912: 14911: 14910: 14909: 14904: 14894: 14889: 14879: 14878: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14854: 14848: 14846: 14840: 14839: 14837: 14836: 14835: 14834: 14829: 14819: 14814: 14813: 14812: 14802: 14797: 14796: 14795: 14790: 14785: 14780: 14770: 14764: 14762: 14756: 14755: 14753: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14721: 14720: 14710: 14709: 14708: 14698: 14697: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14676: 14671: 14666: 14656: 14651: 14646: 14641: 14636: 14631: 14626: 14625: 14624: 14619: 14614: 14609: 14604: 14599: 14589: 14584: 14579: 14578: 14577: 14572: 14567: 14562: 14557: 14552: 14547: 14542: 14537: 14532: 14521: 14519: 14513: 14512: 14505: 14502: 14501: 14494: 14493: 14486: 14479: 14471: 14462: 14461: 14459: 14458: 14455: 14450: 14444: 14442: 14438: 14437: 14435: 14434: 14429: 14423: 14421: 14420:non-indigenous 14417: 14416: 14413: 14412: 14410: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14393: 14391: 14387: 14386: 14384: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14366:Dusun (Brunei) 14363: 14358: 14353: 14347: 14345: 14336: 14330: 14329: 14322: 14321: 14314: 14307: 14299: 14292: 14291: 14279: 14267: 14255: 14243: 14222: 14221: 14205: 14200: 14183: 14170: 14117: 14112: 14099: 14094: 14081: 14057: 14047:on 10 May 2011 14033: 14013: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13992: 13991: 13986: 13973: 13968: 13955: 13930: 13913: 13908: 13895: 13890: 13867: 13862: 13849: 13844: 13828: 13823: 13810: 13793: 13788: 13775: 13770: 13755: 13737:Bangkok-Melayu 13729: 13700: 13665: 13653:10.1086/200054 13647:(4): 559–560. 13636: 13615:Teeuw, Andries 13611: 13609:on 9 June 2010 13596: 13591: 13578: 13573: 13560: 13555: 13542: 13537: 13524: 13519: 13501: 13496: 13483: 13463:(6): 1209–18. 13448: 13443: 13430: 13425: 13412: 13407: 13394: 13359: 13346: 13311: 13306: 13293: 13287: 13274: 13269: 13254: 13229: 13186: 13169: 13154: 13148: 13132: 13127: 13114: 13108: 13094: 13077: 13059: 13054: 13041: 13036: 13023: 12998: 12978: 12955: 12950: 12932: 12927: 12914: 12909: 12896: 12880: 12875: 12859: 12854: 12841: 12816: 12811: 12798: 12793: 12780: 12754: 12749: 12736: 12720: 12715: 12702: 12693: 12688: 12671: 12649: 12644: 12629: 12624: 12611: 12606: 12593: 12571: 12566: 12550: 12541: 12536: 12520: 12515: 12502: 12497: 12484: 12475: 12469: 12456: 12451: 12438: 12433: 12420: 12415: 12402: 12386: 12381: 12368: 12346: 12341: 12328: 12323: 12303: 12298: 12285: 12280: 12267: 12262: 12256:, Nabu Press, 12246: 12240: 12227: 12222: 12209: 12204: 12191: 12142: 12137: 12122: 12105: 12090: 12085: 12069: 12047:(2): 123–134. 12032: 12027: 12014: 12009: 11996: 11991: 11978: 11968:(1): 145–174. 11957: 11952: 11939: 11920: 11915: 11902: 11890: 11885: 11872: 11867: 11854: 11849: 11834: 11806: 11801: 11788: 11766: 11761: 11748: 11737: 11732: 11726:, Bibliolife, 11720:Cordier, Henri 11716: 11699: 11681: 11663: 11658: 11645: 11623: 11618: 11605: 11600: 11587: 11581: 11568: 11563: 11550: 11545: 11532: 11527: 11514: 11509: 11496: 11491: 11478: 11473: 11460: 11446:(2): 256–258. 11427: 11418: 11393: 11388: 11375: 11370: 11357: 11334: 11328: 11313: 11290: 11269: 11264: 11251: 11229: 11224: 11211: 11206: 11193: 11148: 11143: 11129: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11120: 11119: 11107: 11095: 11074: 11062: 11050: 11020: 11003: 10986: 10957: 10928: 10926:, p. 6804 10899: 10887: 10875: 10863: 10851: 10847:Alexander 2006 10839: 10835:Alexander 2006 10824: 10822:, p. 104. 10812: 10800: 10788: 10776: 10774:, p. 261. 10764: 10750: 10739: 10718: 10703: 10691: 10660: 10630: 10595: 10583: 10571: 10569:, p. 195. 10559: 10557:, p. 802. 10547: 10545:, p. 188. 10535: 10533:, p. 225. 10531:Alexander 2006 10523: 10511: 10499: 10487: 10470: 10456: 10426: 10414: 10402: 10390: 10388:, p. 296. 10386:Srinivasa 2003 10378: 10366: 10354: 10324: 10312: 10308:Alexander 2006 10300: 10288: 10276: 10262: 10229: 10217: 10205: 10183: 10171: 10144: 10132: 10120: 10108: 10096: 10084: 10072: 10070:, p. 213. 10060: 10058:, p. 1219 10045: 10043:, p. 181. 10033: 10007: 10005:, p. 184. 9995: 9983: 9981:, p. 125. 9971: 9969:, p. 157. 9959: 9944: 9903: 9873: 9871:, p. 260. 9861: 9859:, p. 756. 9849: 9847:, p. 1218 9834: 9817: 9815:, p. 192. 9805: 9775: 9753: 9751:, p. 678. 9741: 9739:, p. 413. 9729: 9727:, p. 126. 9717: 9705: 9693: 9681: 9669: 9650: 9648:, p. 149. 9638: 9636:, p. 492. 9626: 9611: 9609:, p. 146. 9599: 9587: 9572: 9560: 9548: 9536: 9524: 9512: 9500: 9471: 9459: 9447: 9435: 9433:, p. 204. 9423: 9411: 9409:, p. 345. 9399: 9387: 9385:, p. 203. 9375: 9363: 9351: 9339: 9327: 9315: 9303: 9291: 9276: 9264: 9262:, p. 1174 9249: 9247:, p. 286. 9237: 9225: 9223:, p. 138. 9213: 9209:Alexander 2006 9201: 9189: 9177: 9175:, p. 464. 9165: 9153: 9146: 9126: 9114: 9112:, p. 171. 9099: 9082:Sejarah Melayu 9068: 9066:, pp. 1–6 9051: 9039: 8986: 8918: 8906: 8894: 8882: 8870: 8858: 8846: 8834: 8822: 8818:Anderbeck 2002 8810: 8794: 8792:, p. 278. 8782: 8770: 8726: 8708: 8696: 8675: 8656: 8636: 8634:, pp. 22. 8624: 8612: 8596: 8584: 8582:, p. 105. 8572: 8570:, p. 190. 8560: 8545:(in Chinese). 8530: 8528:, p. 223. 8518: 8511: 8490: 8475: 8463: 8461:, p. 101. 8451: 8439: 8437:, p. 212. 8427: 8425:, p. 612. 8415: 8413:, p. 139. 8403: 8401:, p. 266. 8391: 8379: 8367: 8355: 8344:(3): 295–313. 8328: 8316: 8314:, p. 131. 8304: 8292: 8280: 8265: 8250: 8238: 8228: 8202: 8170: 8140: 8114: 8088: 8079: 8062: 8032: 8002: 8000:, p. 119. 7990: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7944: 7929: 7916: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7899: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7879: 7877:Malay folklore 7874: 7869: 7863: 7858: 7850: 7847: 7844: 7843: 7842: 7841: 7826: 7825: 7824: 7818: 7815: 7812: 7806: 7803: 7797: 7792: 7788: 7787: 7786: 7785: 7770: 7769: 7768: 7762: 7761:(1708–present) 7754: 7748: 7747: 7746: 7745: 7731: 7730: 7729: 7726: 7721: 7717: 7716: 7715: 7714: 7699: 7698: 7697: 7689: 7683: 7682: 7681: 7680: 7665: 7664: 7663: 7662:(1745–present) 7655: 7651: 7650: 7649: 7648: 7633: 7632: 7631: 7625: 7622: 7619: 7616: 7611: 7607: 7606: 7605: 7604: 7553: 7552: 7551: 7545: 7542: 7539: 7536: 7531: 7525: 7524: 7523: 7522: 7507: 7506: 7505: 7504:(1528–present) 7499: 7491: 7485: 7484: 7483: 7482: 7445: 7386: 7385: 7384: 7381: 7378: 7375: 7372: 7369: 7363: 7357: 7351: 7345: 7337: 7333: 7332: 7331: 7330: 7315: 7314: 7313: 7307: 7299: 7293: 7292: 7291: 7290: 7275: 7274: 7273: 7272:(1881–present) 7267: 7261: 7255: 7247: 7241: 7240: 7239: 7238: 7223: 7222: 7221: 7215: 7209: 7206:Deli Sultanate 7203: 7195: 7189: 7188: 7187: 7186: 7173: 7123: 7095: 7094: 7093: 7092:(1773–present) 7087: 7084:Siak Sultanate 7081: 7073: 7061: 7060: 7059: 7058: 7043: 7042: 7041: 7033: 7029: 7028: 7027: 7026: 7012: 7010: 7004: 7003: 7002: 7001: 6986: 6985: 6984: 6981: 6980:(1267–present) 6975: 6967: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6946: 6923: 6872: 6871: 6870: 6869:(1842–present) 6867:Perlis Kingdom 6864: 6858: 6852: 6851:(1136–present) 6846: 6840: 6834: 6823: 6821:Kedahan Malays 6817: 6816: 6815: 6814: 6799: 6798: 6797: 6794:Muar Sultanate 6791: 6790:(1528–present) 6783: 6779: 6778: 6777: 6776: 6763: 6726: 6698: 6697: 6696: 6688: 6676: 6675: 6674: 6673: 6658: 6657: 6656: 6650: 6644: 6636: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6625:Burmese Malays 6621: 6620: 6619: 6618: 6605: 6568: 6540: 6539: 6538: 6532: 6531:(1745–present) 6526: 6521: 6507: 6506: 6505: 6504: 6467: 6452: 6451: 6450: 6449:(1363–present) 6444: 6436: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6427: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6408: 6405: 6400: 6394: 6393: 6392: 6391: 6376: 6374: 6370: 6369: 6368: 6367: 6323: 6321: 6317: 6316: 6315: 6314: 6299: 6297: 6293: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6218: 6215: 6189:pilgrimage to 6155:Malay language 6112: 6109: 5993: 5990: 5986:armed conflict 5792:reconciliation 5660: 5657: 5499: 5496: 5494:(68 CE). 5392: 5389: 5210:Maulidur Rasul 5186:Deli Sultanate 5182:Tengku Mahkota 5111:Malay identity 5074: 5071: 5025:(trousers), a 4924:Malay hikayats 4894: 4891: 4778:Dondang Sayang 4711:and a pair of 4667:jingled-rebana 4608: 4605: 4415:siput gonggong 4323:fish) dishes, 4186:Main article: 4164: 4161: 4123:, the angular 4010: 4007: 3996:geometric and 3972:parade of the 3958: 3955: 3881:Sejarah Melayu 3733: 3730: 3721:Maulidur Rasul 3698:Islamic origin 3590:on the eve of 3570: 3567: 3491:Tun Sri Lanang 3425:Hamzah Fansuri 3314:penglipur lara 3269:Malay folklore 3237: 3234: 3159:Malay dialects 3090:Ambonese Malay 2988:Malay language 2986:Main article: 2980:Pallava script 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2840:Malay monarchy 2832:Malay language 2822:The Malay and 2670:British Malaya 2621: 2618: 2598:British Malaya 2527:Tabal district 2511:Butang islands 2436:Isthmus of Kra 2414:Riau Sultanate 2392:Following the 2328:British Malaya 2268:British Empire 2226:was leased to 2195:while carving 2177:Greater Patani 2123:abolished the 2121:Chakri dynasty 2119:under the new 2107:Historically, 2009:or became the 1982: 1979: 1959:Deli Sultanate 1912:Sultan of Sulu 1725: 1722: 1658:Jaffna kingdom 1634:Melayu Kingdom 1533:Melayu Kingdom 1471:Tamil kingdoms 1446:Jaffna kingdom 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1361: 1358: 1324: 1321: 1279: 1278:Deutero-Malays 1276: 1275: 1274: 1235:Southern China 1227: 1223: 1161:Also known as 1148: 1145: 1118: 1115: 1099:Hikayat Patani 1039: 1032: 1031: 1023: 1016: 1015: 1008: 1001: 1000: 999: 998: 997: 995: 992: 960: 959: 939: 923: 895: 879: 859: 795: 775: 734: 731: 663:, a legendary 656:Sejarah Melayu 636:Melayu Kingdom 620: 617: 508:Malay language 289: 288: 281: 280: 276: 275: 271:Predominantly 268: 267: 263: 262: 256: 255: 251: 250: 247: 243: 242: 239: 235: 234: 231: 225: 224: 221: 217: 216: 213: 212:United Kingdom 209: 208: 205: 199: 198: 195: 189: 188: 185: 179: 178: 175: 169: 168: 165: 159: 158: 155: 149: 148: 145: 139: 138: 135: 129: 128: 125: 117: 116: 112: 111: 105: 104: 100: 99: 60: 52: 51: 41: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17451: 17440: 17437: 17435: 17432: 17430: 17427: 17425: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17412: 17410: 17407: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17390: 17387: 17385: 17382: 17380: 17377: 17375: 17372: 17370: 17367: 17365: 17362: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17352: 17350: 17347: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17301: 17299: 17292: 17281: 17278: 17276: 17273: 17271: 17268: 17266: 17263: 17261: 17258: 17256: 17253: 17251: 17248: 17246: 17243: 17241: 17238: 17237: 17235: 17231: 17221: 17218: 17216: 17213: 17209: 17206: 17204: 17201: 17200: 17199: 17196: 17194: 17191: 17189: 17186: 17184: 17181: 17179: 17176: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17166: 17165: 17163: 17159: 17152: 17150: 17147: 17145: 17142: 17139: 17137: 17134: 17131: 17129: 17126: 17124: 17121: 17117: 17114: 17113: 17112: 17109: 17107: 17104: 17102: 17099: 17097: 17094: 17092: 17089: 17087: 17084: 17080: 17077: 17075: 17072: 17071: 17070: 17067: 17061: 17058: 17056: 17053: 17051: 17048: 17046: 17043: 17041: 17038: 17036: 17033: 17032: 17031: 17028: 17026: 17023: 17022: 17021: 17020:Kadazan-Dusun 17018: 17017: 17015: 17013:(Anak Negeri) 17009: 17006: 17004: 17000: 16996: 16995: 16989: 16985: 16978: 16973: 16971: 16966: 16964: 16959: 16958: 16955: 16943: 16940: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16929: 16926: 16916: 16913: 16912: 16910: 16906: 16900: 16897: 16895: 16892: 16890: 16887: 16885: 16882: 16880: 16877: 16875: 16872: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16853: 16850: 16849: 16848: 16845: 16843: 16840: 16838: 16835: 16833: 16830: 16829: 16827: 16823: 16820: 16818: 16814: 16804: 16803:Orang Seletar 16801: 16799: 16796: 16794: 16791: 16789: 16786: 16784: 16781: 16779: 16776: 16774: 16771: 16769: 16766: 16762: 16759: 16758: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16748: 16746: 16742: 16736: 16733: 16731: 16728: 16724: 16721: 16720: 16719: 16716: 16715: 16712: 16709: 16707: 16703: 16699: 16692: 16687: 16685: 16680: 16678: 16673: 16672: 16669: 16657: 16654: 16652: 16649: 16647: 16644: 16642: 16639: 16637: 16634: 16632: 16629: 16626: 16623: 16621: 16618: 16616: 16613: 16611: 16608: 16606: 16603: 16601: 16598: 16596: 16595:East Timorese 16593: 16591: 16588: 16585: 16581: 16578: 16576: 16573: 16570: 16566: 16563: 16561: 16558: 16557: 16555: 16553: 16547: 16541: 16538: 16537: 16535: 16529: 16521: 16517: 16513: 16507: 16504: 16502: 16499: 16497: 16494: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16469: 16467: 16464: 16463: 16461: 16458: 16453: 16449: 16439: 16436: 16434:(Baba-Nyonya) 16433: 16430: 16429: 16427: 16423: 16417: 16414: 16412: 16409: 16407: 16404: 16402: 16399: 16397: 16394: 16392: 16389: 16387: 16384: 16382: 16379: 16378: 16376: 16373: 16368: 16364: 16353: 16350: 16347: 16345: 16342: 16339: 16335: 16333: 16330: 16329: 16327: 16325: 16321: 16311: 16308: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16289: 16286: 16284: 16281: 16280: 16279: 16276: 16274: 16271: 16269: 16266: 16264: 16261: 16259: 16256: 16254: 16251: 16245: 16242: 16240: 16237: 16235: 16232: 16230: 16227: 16225: 16222: 16220: 16217: 16216: 16215: 16212: 16210: 16207: 16206: 16205: 16204:Kadazan-Dusun 16202: 16201: 16199: 16197: 16193: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16177: 16175: 16172: 16171: 16169: 16165: 16162: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16142: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16126: 16125: 16122: 16118: 16115: 16113: 16110: 16108: 16105: 16103: 16100: 16099: 16098: 16095: 16094: 16092: 16090: 16086: 16078: 16075: 16073: 16070: 16068: 16065: 16063: 16060: 16058: 16055: 16053: 16050: 16049: 16048: 16045: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16016: 16013: 16011: 16008: 16006: 16003: 16002: 16001: 15998: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15977: 15976:Orang Seletar 15974: 15972: 15969: 15968: 15967: 15964: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15953: 15952: 15949: 15948: 15946: 15944: 15938: 15935: 15929: 15925: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15909:Patani Malays 15907: 15905: 15902: 15900: 15897: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15880: 15879: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15860: 15857: 15853: 15850: 15846: 15843: 15842: 15841: 15838: 15836: 15833: 15831: 15828: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15818: 15816: 15813: 15812: 15810: 15808: 15804: 15798: 15795: 15793: 15790: 15788: 15785: 15783: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15770: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15750: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15737:Kedahan Malay 15735: 15733: 15730: 15729: 15727: 15725: 15721: 15718: 15715: 15710: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15700: 15695: 15691: 15690: 15684: 15680: 15673: 15668: 15666: 15661: 15659: 15654: 15653: 15650: 15638: 15635: 15633: 15630: 15628: 15625: 15623: 15620: 15618: 15615: 15613: 15610: 15608: 15605: 15603: 15600: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15587: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15574: 15571: 15569: 15566: 15564: 15561: 15559: 15556: 15555: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15532: 15529: 15528: 15527: 15524: 15523: 15521: 15517: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15477: 15474: 15473: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15462: 15459: 15455: 15452: 15450: 15447: 15445: 15442: 15440: 15437: 15436: 15435: 15434: 15433: 15430: 15429: 15427: 15425: 15421: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15395: 15392: 15390: 15387: 15385: 15382: 15380: 15377: 15375: 15372: 15368: 15365: 15364: 15363: 15360: 15358: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15314: 15312: 15310: 15309:Sunda Islands 15304: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15273: 15270: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15174: 15172: 15170: 15166: 15158: 15155: 15154: 15153: 15150: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15115: 15113: 15110: 15108: 15105: 15103: 15100: 15098: 15095: 15093: 15090: 15088: 15085: 15083: 15080: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15065: 15063: 15060: 15059: 15057: 15055: 15051: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15034: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15021: 15018: 15016: 15013: 15012: 15011: 15008: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14993: 14992: 14989: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14976: 14975: 14972: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14959: 14958: 14955: 14951: 14948: 14947: 14946: 14943: 14939: 14936: 14935: 14934: 14931: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14918: 14917: 14914: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14899: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14884: 14883: 14880: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14862: 14860: 14859: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14849: 14847: 14845: 14841: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14824: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14811: 14808: 14807: 14806: 14803: 14801: 14798: 14794: 14791: 14789: 14786: 14784: 14781: 14779: 14776: 14775: 14774: 14771: 14769: 14766: 14765: 14763: 14761: 14757: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14719: 14716: 14715: 14714: 14711: 14707: 14704: 14703: 14702: 14699: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14677: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14662: 14661: 14660: 14657: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14623: 14620: 14618: 14615: 14613: 14610: 14608: 14605: 14603: 14600: 14598: 14595: 14594: 14593: 14590: 14588: 14585: 14583: 14580: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14548: 14546: 14543: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14528: 14527: 14526: 14523: 14522: 14520: 14518: 14514: 14510: 14509: 14503: 14499: 14492: 14487: 14485: 14480: 14478: 14473: 14472: 14469: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14445: 14443: 14439: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14424: 14422: 14418: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14394: 14392: 14388: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14357: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14348: 14346: 14344: 14340: 14337: 14335: 14331: 14327: 14320: 14315: 14313: 14308: 14306: 14301: 14300: 14297: 14290: 14285: 14280: 14278: 14268: 14266: 14256: 14254: 14244: 14242: 14232: 14231: 14228: 14210: 14206: 14203: 14197: 14193: 14189: 14184: 14180: 14176: 14171: 14167: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14139: 14135: 14132:(4): e18312. 14131: 14127: 14123: 14118: 14115: 14109: 14105: 14100: 14097: 14091: 14087: 14082: 14070: 14063: 14058: 14046: 14042: 14038: 14034: 14022: 14018: 14014: 14010: 14006: 14002: 14001: 13989: 13983: 13979: 13974: 13971: 13965: 13961: 13956: 13944: 13940: 13939:Utusan online 13936: 13931: 13927: 13923: 13919: 13914: 13911: 13905: 13901: 13896: 13893: 13887: 13883: 13879: 13875: 13874: 13868: 13865: 13859: 13855: 13850: 13847: 13841: 13837: 13833: 13829: 13826: 13820: 13816: 13811: 13807: 13803: 13799: 13794: 13791: 13785: 13781: 13776: 13773: 13767: 13763: 13762: 13756: 13745: 13741: 13740: 13736: 13730: 13715: 13708: 13707: 13701: 13686: 13679: 13677: 13673: 13666: 13662: 13658: 13654: 13650: 13646: 13642: 13637: 13626: 13622: 13621: 13616: 13612: 13608: 13604: 13603: 13597: 13594: 13588: 13584: 13579: 13576: 13570: 13566: 13561: 13558: 13552: 13548: 13543: 13540: 13534: 13530: 13525: 13522: 13516: 13512: 13511: 13506: 13502: 13499: 13493: 13489: 13484: 13480: 13476: 13471: 13466: 13462: 13458: 13454: 13449: 13446: 13440: 13436: 13431: 13428: 13422: 13418: 13413: 13410: 13404: 13400: 13395: 13391: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13373: 13369: 13365: 13360: 13356: 13352: 13347: 13332: 13328: 13324: 13317: 13312: 13309: 13303: 13299: 13294: 13290: 13288:0-333-57690-X 13284: 13281:. MacMillan. 13280: 13275: 13272: 13266: 13262: 13261: 13255: 13243: 13239: 13238:Malaysia Kini 13235: 13230: 13218: 13214: 13210: 13209: 13200: 13196: 13194: 13187: 13176: 13172: 13170:9781137566249 13166: 13162: 13161: 13155: 13151: 13145: 13141: 13137: 13133: 13130: 13124: 13120: 13115: 13111: 13105: 13101: 13095: 13084: 13080: 13074: 13070: 13069: 13064: 13063:Ooi, Keat Gin 13060: 13057: 13051: 13047: 13042: 13039: 13033: 13029: 13024: 13012: 13008: 13007:Utusan online 13004: 12999: 12985: 12981: 12975: 12967: 12963: 12962: 12956: 12953: 12947: 12943: 12942: 12937: 12933: 12930: 12924: 12920: 12915: 12912: 12906: 12902: 12897: 12894: 12890: 12886: 12881: 12878: 12872: 12868: 12864: 12860: 12857: 12851: 12847: 12842: 12830: 12826: 12822: 12817: 12814: 12812:9789836241214 12808: 12804: 12799: 12796: 12790: 12786: 12781: 12770: 12766: 12762: 12761: 12755: 12752: 12746: 12742: 12737: 12734: 12730: 12726: 12721: 12718: 12712: 12708: 12703: 12699: 12694: 12691: 12685: 12681: 12677: 12672: 12661: 12657: 12656: 12650: 12647: 12641: 12637: 12636: 12630: 12627: 12621: 12617: 12612: 12609: 12603: 12599: 12594: 12583: 12579: 12578: 12572: 12569: 12563: 12559: 12555: 12551: 12547: 12542: 12539: 12533: 12529: 12525: 12521: 12518: 12512: 12508: 12503: 12500: 12494: 12490: 12485: 12481: 12476: 12472: 12466: 12462: 12457: 12454: 12448: 12444: 12439: 12436: 12430: 12426: 12421: 12418: 12412: 12408: 12403: 12400: 12396: 12392: 12387: 12384: 12378: 12374: 12369: 12358: 12354: 12353: 12347: 12344: 12338: 12334: 12329: 12326: 12320: 12316: 12312: 12308: 12304: 12301: 12295: 12291: 12286: 12283: 12277: 12273: 12268: 12265: 12259: 12255: 12251: 12247: 12243: 12237: 12233: 12228: 12225: 12219: 12215: 12210: 12207: 12201: 12197: 12192: 12177: 12172: 12167: 12163: 12159: 12152: 12150: 12143: 12140: 12134: 12130: 12129: 12123: 12112: 12108: 12106:9783319682198 12102: 12098: 12097: 12091: 12088: 12082: 12079:, Macmillan, 12078: 12074: 12070: 12058: 12054: 12050: 12046: 12042: 12038: 12033: 12030: 12024: 12020: 12015: 12012: 12006: 12002: 11997: 11994: 11988: 11984: 11979: 11975: 11971: 11967: 11963: 11958: 11955: 11949: 11945: 11940: 11937: 11933: 11929: 11925: 11921: 11918: 11912: 11909:, MIT press, 11908: 11903: 11900: 11896: 11891: 11888: 11882: 11878: 11873: 11870: 11864: 11861:, Routledge, 11860: 11855: 11852: 11846: 11842: 11841: 11835: 11821: 11814: 11813: 11807: 11804: 11798: 11794: 11789: 11778: 11774: 11773: 11767: 11764: 11758: 11754: 11749: 11745: 11744: 11738: 11735: 11729: 11725: 11721: 11717: 11713: 11709: 11705: 11700: 11688: 11684: 11678: 11674: 11673: 11668: 11667:Cœdès, George 11664: 11661: 11655: 11651: 11646: 11635: 11631: 11630: 11624: 11621: 11615: 11611: 11606: 11603: 11597: 11593: 11588: 11584: 11578: 11574: 11569: 11566: 11560: 11556: 11551: 11548: 11542: 11538: 11533: 11530: 11524: 11520: 11515: 11512: 11506: 11502: 11497: 11494: 11488: 11484: 11479: 11476: 11470: 11466: 11461: 11449: 11445: 11441: 11437: 11435: 11428: 11424: 11419: 11407: 11403: 11399: 11394: 11391: 11385: 11381: 11376: 11373: 11371:9789679424430 11367: 11363: 11358: 11346: 11342: 11341: 11335: 11331: 11325: 11321: 11320: 11314: 11302: 11298: 11297: 11291: 11279: 11275: 11270: 11267: 11261: 11257: 11252: 11241: 11237: 11236: 11230: 11227: 11221: 11217: 11212: 11209: 11203: 11199: 11194: 11190: 11186: 11182: 11178: 11174: 11170: 11166: 11162: 11158: 11154: 11149: 11146: 11140: 11136: 11131: 11130: 11116: 11111: 11104: 11099: 11092: 11087: 11085: 11083: 11081: 11079: 11071: 11066: 11059: 11054: 11038: 11034: 11033:Melaju Online 11030: 11024: 11018:, p. 436 11017: 11012: 11010: 11008: 11000: 10995: 10993: 10991: 10983: 10978: 10976: 10974: 10972: 10970: 10968: 10966: 10964: 10962: 10954: 10949: 10947: 10945: 10943: 10941: 10939: 10937: 10935: 10933: 10925: 10920: 10918: 10916: 10914: 10912: 10910: 10908: 10906: 10904: 10896: 10891: 10884: 10879: 10872: 10867: 10860: 10855: 10849:, p. 52. 10848: 10843: 10836: 10831: 10829: 10821: 10816: 10810:, p. 41. 10809: 10804: 10797: 10792: 10786:, p. 48. 10785: 10780: 10773: 10768: 10761: 10754: 10748: 10743: 10736: 10731: 10729: 10727: 10725: 10723: 10715: 10710: 10708: 10700: 10695: 10679: 10675: 10671: 10664: 10648: 10644: 10637: 10635: 10618: 10614: 10610: 10604: 10602: 10600: 10593:, p. 28. 10592: 10587: 10581:, p. 23. 10580: 10575: 10568: 10563: 10556: 10551: 10544: 10539: 10532: 10527: 10521:, p. 73. 10520: 10515: 10509:, p. 19. 10508: 10503: 10496: 10491: 10484: 10479: 10477: 10475: 10468: 10463: 10461: 10444: 10440: 10439:Mysarawak.org 10436: 10430: 10423: 10418: 10411: 10406: 10399: 10394: 10387: 10382: 10375: 10370: 10364:, p. 48. 10363: 10358: 10342: 10338: 10334: 10328: 10321: 10316: 10310:, p. 58. 10309: 10304: 10297: 10292: 10285: 10280: 10274: 10269: 10267: 10250: 10246: 10242: 10236: 10234: 10226: 10221: 10214: 10209: 10201: 10197: 10193: 10187: 10181:, p. 47. 10180: 10175: 10159: 10155: 10148: 10142:, p. 24. 10141: 10136: 10130:, p. 19. 10129: 10124: 10118:, p. 59. 10117: 10112: 10106:, p. 42. 10105: 10104:O'Reilly 2007 10100: 10094:, p. 65. 10093: 10088: 10082:, p. 75. 10081: 10076: 10069: 10064: 10057: 10052: 10050: 10042: 10037: 10021: 10017: 10011: 10004: 9999: 9993:, p. 54. 9992: 9987: 9980: 9979:Winstedt 1925 9975: 9968: 9963: 9956: 9951: 9949: 9940: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9922: 9918: 9914: 9907: 9891: 9887: 9883: 9877: 9870: 9865: 9858: 9853: 9846: 9841: 9839: 9831: 9826: 9824: 9822: 9814: 9809: 9793: 9789: 9785: 9779: 9771: 9767: 9763: 9757: 9750: 9745: 9738: 9733: 9726: 9721: 9715:, p. 55. 9714: 9709: 9702: 9697: 9691:, p. 60. 9690: 9685: 9679:, p. 84. 9678: 9673: 9666: 9661: 9659: 9657: 9655: 9647: 9642: 9635: 9630: 9623: 9618: 9616: 9608: 9603: 9596: 9591: 9584: 9579: 9577: 9569: 9568:Ricklefs 1991 9564: 9558:, p. 78. 9557: 9552: 9546:, p. 14. 9545: 9540: 9533: 9528: 9521: 9516: 9510:, p. 17. 9509: 9508:Lumholtz 2004 9504: 9488: 9484: 9483: 9475: 9468: 9463: 9456: 9451: 9445:, pp. 6. 9444: 9439: 9432: 9427: 9420: 9415: 9408: 9403: 9397:, p. 32. 9396: 9395:Richmond 2007 9391: 9384: 9379: 9372: 9367: 9361:, p. 34. 9360: 9355: 9348: 9347:Esposito 1999 9343: 9337:, p. 47. 9336: 9331: 9325:, p. 74. 9324: 9319: 9313:, p. 15. 9312: 9307: 9301:, p. 16. 9300: 9295: 9289:, p. 55. 9288: 9283: 9281: 9274:, p. 25. 9273: 9268: 9261: 9256: 9254: 9246: 9241: 9235:, p. 33. 9234: 9229: 9222: 9217: 9210: 9205: 9198: 9193: 9186: 9181: 9174: 9169: 9162: 9157: 9149: 9143: 9139: 9138: 9130: 9123: 9118: 9111: 9106: 9104: 9087: 9083: 9079: 9072: 9065: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9048: 9043: 9027: 9023: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8990: 8982: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8964: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8930: 8922: 8915: 8910: 8903: 8898: 8891: 8886: 8879: 8874: 8867: 8862: 8855: 8850: 8843: 8838: 8832:, p. 39. 8831: 8826: 8819: 8814: 8807: 8803: 8798: 8791: 8786: 8779: 8774: 8755: 8751: 8747: 8740: 8733: 8731: 8722: 8718: 8712: 8705: 8700: 8693: 8689: 8685: 8679: 8663: 8659: 8657:9781444391664 8653: 8649: 8648: 8640: 8633: 8628: 8621: 8616: 8609: 8605: 8604:Crawfurd 1856 8600: 8593: 8588: 8581: 8576: 8569: 8564: 8548: 8544: 8540: 8534: 8527: 8522: 8514: 8512:9789971695583 8508: 8505:. NUS Press. 8504: 8500: 8494: 8486: 8479: 8472: 8467: 8460: 8455: 8448: 8443: 8436: 8435:Mukerjee 1984 8431: 8424: 8419: 8412: 8407: 8400: 8395: 8389:, p. 57. 8388: 8383: 8376: 8371: 8364: 8359: 8351: 8347: 8343: 8339: 8332: 8325: 8320: 8313: 8308: 8301: 8296: 8289: 8284: 8277: 8272: 8270: 8262: 8257: 8255: 8247: 8242: 8236: 8232: 8216: 8212: 8206: 8190: 8186: 8185: 8180: 8174: 8158: 8154: 8153:.id community 8150: 8144: 8128: 8124: 8118: 8102: 8098: 8092: 8083: 8072: 8066: 8050: 8046: 8042: 8036: 8020: 8016: 8012: 8006: 7999: 7994: 7978: 7972: 7968: 7954: 7948: 7940: 7933: 7926: 7920: 7911: 7907: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7856: 7853: 7852: 7840: 7829: 7828: 7827: 7822: 7819: 7816: 7813: 7810: 7807: 7804: 7801: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7793: 7790: 7784: 7773: 7772: 7771: 7766: 7765:Besut Kingdom 7763: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7744: 7734: 7733: 7732: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7722: 7719: 7713: 7702: 7701: 7700: 7695: 7692: 7691: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7679: 7668: 7667: 7666: 7661: 7658: 7657: 7656: 7653: 7647: 7636: 7635: 7634: 7629: 7626: 7623: 7620: 7617: 7614: 7613: 7612: 7609: 7603: 7591: 7579: 7567: 7556: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7546: 7543: 7540: 7537: 7534: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7521: 7510: 7509: 7508: 7503: 7500: 7497: 7496:Gangga Negara 7494: 7493: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7481: 7469: 7457: 7446: 7444: 7432: 7421: 7410: 7399: 7389: 7388: 7387: 7382: 7379: 7376: 7373: 7370: 7367: 7366:Reman Kingdom 7364: 7361: 7358: 7355: 7352: 7349: 7346: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7338: 7335: 7329: 7328:South Sumatra 7318: 7317: 7316: 7311: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7301: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7289: 7278: 7277: 7276: 7271: 7268: 7265: 7262: 7259: 7256: 7253: 7250: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7245:Pahang Malays 7243: 7237: 7236:North Sumatra 7226: 7225: 7224: 7219: 7216: 7213: 7210: 7207: 7204: 7201: 7198: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7185: 7174: 7172: 7159: 7147: 7135: 7124: 7122: 7109: 7098: 7097: 7096: 7091: 7088: 7085: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7063: 7057: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7039: 7036: 7035: 7034: 7031: 7025: 7015: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7008:Loloan Malays 7006: 7000: 6989: 6988: 6987: 6982: 6979: 6976: 6973: 6970: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6957: 6947: 6945: 6934: 6924: 6922: 6910: 6898: 6886: 6875: 6874: 6873: 6868: 6865: 6862: 6859: 6856: 6855:Setul Kingdom 6853: 6850: 6847: 6844: 6843:Kedah Kingdom 6841: 6838: 6835: 6833:(1st century) 6832: 6829: 6828:Bujang Valley 6826: 6825: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6813: 6802: 6801: 6800: 6795: 6792: 6789: 6786: 6785: 6784: 6781: 6775: 6764: 6762: 6750: 6738: 6727: 6725: 6724:North Sumatra 6712: 6711:South Sumatra 6701: 6700: 6699: 6694: 6691: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6678: 6672: 6661: 6660: 6659: 6654: 6651: 6648: 6645: 6643:(7th century) 6642: 6641:Jambi Kingdom 6639: 6638: 6637: 6634: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6617: 6606: 6604: 6592: 6580: 6569: 6567: 6554: 6543: 6542: 6541: 6536: 6533: 6530: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6512: 6509: 6503: 6491: 6479: 6468: 6466: 6455: 6454: 6453: 6448: 6445: 6442: 6439: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6426: 6425:Berau Regency 6416: 6415: 6414: 6409: 6406: 6403: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6390: 6379: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6366: 6355: 6354:Mueang Pathum 6351: 6340: 6336: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6313: 6302: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6290: 6287: 6285:Ethnic group 6284: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6241: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6151: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6122: 6118: 6108: 6106: 6105:Ancient Egypt 6102: 6098: 6093: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6082: 6076: 6074: 6070: 6069:craftsmanship 6066: 6062: 6060: 6054: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6039: 6038: 6033: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6022: 6013: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5998:Galah panjang 5989: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5970: 5965: 5961: 5960:Bow and Arrow 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5936: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5894:Badik Panjang 5891: 5887: 5886: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5844: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5820: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5784: 5781: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5739: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5712:Keris Pangkat 5709: 5703: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5682: 5678: 5670: 5665: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5597:cucuk sanggul 5595:(brooch) and 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5573: 5569: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5504: 5498:Metal working 5495: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5476: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5459: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5441: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5413: 5409: 5402: 5397: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5373:Gotong-royong 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5301: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5277:Islamic month 5274: 5270: 5265: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5254:Awal Muharram 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5230:Nisfu Syaaban 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5199: 5195: 5194:Perak Royalty 5191: 5187: 5183: 5178: 5174: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5163:Balik Kampung 5160: 5156: 5151: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5079: 5070: 5066: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5003: 4999: 4997: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4975: 4971: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4911: 4904: 4899: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4841:theatre from 4840: 4839: 4834: 4833: 4828: 4827: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4813: 4808: 4807: 4802: 4799:theatre from 4798: 4797: 4792: 4791: 4786: 4785: 4780: 4779: 4774: 4773: 4767: 4765: 4761: 4760:Wayang Melayu 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4744:Wayang Melayu 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4716: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4681:Royal Regalia 4678: 4674: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4617:Siamese Malay 4613: 4604: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4553: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4542:national dish 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4482: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4456: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4442: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4417: 4416: 4411: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4400: 4395: 4394: 4389: 4388:South Sumatra 4385: 4384: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4370: 4367: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4352: 4351:North Sumatra 4348: 4344: 4340: 4339: 4336: 4331: 4330: 4327: 4322: 4321: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4307: 4302: 4301: 4300:rojak bandung 4296: 4292: 4291: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4261: 4256: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4241: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4220: 4219:keropok lekor 4215: 4214: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4189: 4188:Malay cuisine 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4160: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4093: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4078:Kuala Kangsar 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4056: 4050: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4032: 4028: 4027:Kuala Kangsar 4024: 4020: 4015: 4006: 4002: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3907: 3905: 3904:wood carvings 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3873: 3867: 3865: 3861: 3853: 3852:Muzium Negara 3849: 3844: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3833:Bujang Valley 3830: 3826: 3822: 3819:around south 3818: 3817: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3804: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3729: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3717: 3716: 3715:Awal Muharram 3711: 3710: 3705: 3704: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3678: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3650: 3645: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3566: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3545: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3517: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3460: 3456: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3415: 3414: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3377: 3372: 3368: 3367: 3362: 3361: 3356: 3355: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3339: 3338: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3270: 3266: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3187:Palembangnese 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3134: 3133:coup de grâce 3130: 3127:, where mass 3126: 3122: 3120: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3069:lingua franca 3064: 3059: 3057: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3024:Cocos Islands 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2995: 2994:Jawi alphabet 2989: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2919: 2918:Malayan Union 2915: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2867:titular heads 2864: 2863:unitary state 2860: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2844:secular state 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2828:Bangsa Melayu 2825: 2820: 2819:over Malaya. 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2732: 2731:Utusan Melayu 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2665: 2661: 2655: 2651: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2626: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2567:King of Setul 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2475:upper portion 2468: 2464: 2460: 2459:Kuala Kangsar 2456: 2452: 2448: 2443: 2439: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2390: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2348: 2344: 2343:Castilian War 2339: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2322:. During the 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2280:Cocos Islands 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2244:Dutch Malacca 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2213:coup de grâce 2210: 2209:Kedah Kingdom 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2011:protectorates 2008: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1987: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1965:(1728–1948), 1964: 1961:(1632–1946), 1960: 1956: 1953:(1460–1907), 1952: 1948: 1947:Reman Kingdom 1945:(1516–1771), 1944: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1896:Kota Seludong 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1853: 1852:sociocultural 1848: 1844: 1843:(1824–1911). 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1821:conquistadors 1819: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1753: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1731: 1721: 1719: 1718:Banjar people 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1575:Chola dynasty 1571: 1569: 1568:lingua franca 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1517:Gangga Negara 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1490:Hindu temples 1487: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1467:Bujang Valley 1463: 1462:Bay of Bengal 1459: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1417:Greater India 1403: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1386:Austroasiatic 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1357: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1343: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1320: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1284: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1245:and later to 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1216: 1212: 1211: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1185:of today are 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1158: 1154: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1123: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1076:chiara Malaiu 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1046: 1042: 1036: 1027: 1020: 1012: 1005: 991: 989: 985: 981: 977: 976:Iskandar Shah 973: 969: 965: 957: 953: 949: 945: 944: 940: 937: 933: 929: 928: 924: 921: 919: 913: 912:Ram Khamhaeng 909: 905: 901: 900: 896: 893: 889: 885: 884: 880: 877: 873: 869: 865: 864: 860: 857: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 809: 805: 801: 800: 796: 793: 789: 785: 781: 780: 776: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 752: 748: 747: 746: 744: 740: 730: 728: 725:'me' and the 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 681: 680:Sungai Melayu 676: 675: 666: 662: 658: 657: 652: 648: 644: 637: 633: 629: 625: 616: 614: 610: 606: 601: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 570: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 492: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 469:Gangga Negara 466: 462: 458: 454: 453:Austroasiatic 450: 446: 440: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 367: 359: 355: 351: 347: 346: 337: 313: 306: 305: 300: 295: 287: 282: 277: 274: 269: 264: 261: 257: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 230: 226: 222: 220:United States 218: 214: 210: 206: 204: 200: 196: 194: 190: 186: 184: 180: 176: 174: 170: 166: 164: 160: 156: 154: 150: 146: 144: 140: 136: 134: 130: 126: 124: 123: 118: 113: 110: 106: 101: 96: 95: 90: 89: 84: 83: 78: 77: 72: 71: 66: 65: 58: 53: 44: 39: 30: 26: 22: 17304:Malay people 17290: 17203:Cocos Malays 17069:Orang Sungai 16992: 16842:Bangladeshis 16646:Singaporeans 16552:/expatriates 16278:Orang Sungai 15815:Cocos Malays 15806: 15772:Pahang Malay 15723: 15697: 15687: 15147:Tau Taa Wana 14575:Talang Mamak 14506: 14361:Brunei Malay 14342: 14213:. Retrieved 14191: 14187: 14178: 14129: 14125: 14103: 14085: 14073:. Retrieved 14068: 14049:. Retrieved 14045:the original 14040: 14025:. Retrieved 14021:the original 14008: 13977: 13959: 13947:. Retrieved 13943:the original 13938: 13926:the original 13922:Brunei Times 13921: 13899: 13872: 13853: 13835: 13814: 13806:the original 13801: 13779: 13760: 13748:, retrieved 13744:the original 13738: 13734: 13721:. Retrieved 13705: 13692:. Retrieved 13675: 13672:Orang Melayu 13671: 13644: 13640: 13629:, retrieved 13619: 13607:the original 13601: 13599:TED (1999), 13582: 13564: 13546: 13528: 13509: 13487: 13460: 13456: 13434: 13416: 13398: 13374:(1): 17–23. 13371: 13367: 13354: 13350: 13338:. Retrieved 13331:the original 13326: 13322: 13297: 13278: 13259: 13246:. Retrieved 13237: 13221:. Retrieved 13212: 13207: 13198: 13192: 13179:, retrieved 13159: 13139: 13118: 13099: 13087:, retrieved 13071:, ABC-CLIO, 13067: 13045: 13027: 13015:. Retrieved 13011:the original 13006: 12991:, retrieved 12984:the original 12965: 12960: 12940: 12918: 12900: 12884: 12866: 12845: 12833:. Retrieved 12824: 12802: 12784: 12773:, retrieved 12759: 12740: 12724: 12706: 12697: 12675: 12664:, retrieved 12660:the original 12654: 12634: 12615: 12597: 12586:, retrieved 12582:the original 12576: 12557: 12545: 12527: 12506: 12488: 12479: 12460: 12442: 12424: 12406: 12390: 12372: 12361:, retrieved 12351: 12332: 12331:IBP (2007), 12314: 12289: 12271: 12253: 12231: 12213: 12195: 12183:. Retrieved 12161: 12157: 12148: 12127: 12115:, retrieved 12099:, Springer, 12095: 12076: 12063:17 September 12061:. Retrieved 12044: 12040: 12018: 12000: 11982: 11965: 11961: 11943: 11927: 11906: 11898: 11894: 11879:, Springer, 11876: 11858: 11839: 11827:, retrieved 11820:the original 11811: 11792: 11781:, retrieved 11777:the original 11771: 11752: 11742: 11723: 11703: 11691:. Retrieved 11671: 11649: 11638:, retrieved 11628: 11609: 11591: 11572: 11554: 11536: 11518: 11500: 11482: 11464: 11452:. Retrieved 11443: 11439: 11433: 11422: 11410:. Retrieved 11406:the original 11402:The Patriots 11401: 11379: 11361: 11349:. Retrieved 11345:the original 11339: 11318: 11305:. Retrieved 11301:the original 11295: 11282:. Retrieved 11278:the original 11255: 11244:, retrieved 11234: 11215: 11197: 11156: 11152: 11134: 11125:Bibliography 11110: 11098: 11093:, p. 39 11065: 11053: 11041:. Retrieved 11037:the original 11032: 11023: 11001:, p. 74 10924:Colling 1973 10890: 10878: 10866: 10854: 10842: 10837:, p. 51 10815: 10808:Ziegler 1972 10803: 10791: 10784:Lockard 2009 10779: 10767: 10759: 10753: 10742: 10714:Zakaria 2016 10694: 10682:. Retrieved 10678:the original 10673: 10663: 10651:. Retrieved 10647:the original 10643:"Metal Work" 10621:. Retrieved 10612: 10586: 10579:Draeger 1992 10574: 10562: 10550: 10538: 10526: 10514: 10502: 10497:, p. 2. 10490: 10447:. Retrieved 10443:the original 10438: 10429: 10417: 10410:Matusky 1993 10405: 10400:, p. 3. 10393: 10381: 10369: 10357: 10345:. Retrieved 10337:Malaysia.com 10336: 10333:"Nasi Lemak" 10327: 10315: 10303: 10296:Winarno 2010 10291: 10279: 10253:. Retrieved 10244: 10220: 10208: 10195: 10186: 10174: 10162:. Retrieved 10158:the original 10147: 10135: 10123: 10111: 10099: 10087: 10075: 10068:Chihara 1996 10063: 10036: 10024:. Retrieved 10020:the original 10010: 9998: 9986: 9974: 9962: 9957:, p. 57 9920: 9916: 9906: 9894:. Retrieved 9885: 9876: 9864: 9852: 9813:Littrup 1996 9808: 9796:. Retrieved 9787: 9778: 9770:the original 9765: 9756: 9744: 9732: 9720: 9708: 9701:Sweeney 1987 9696: 9689:Sneddon 2003 9684: 9677:Sneddon 2003 9672: 9667:, p. 59 9665:Sneddon 2003 9641: 9629: 9602: 9590: 9563: 9551: 9539: 9527: 9515: 9503: 9491:. Retrieved 9481: 9474: 9462: 9450: 9438: 9431:Ganguly 1997 9426: 9414: 9402: 9390: 9378: 9373:, p. 15 9366: 9354: 9342: 9330: 9323:Sneddon 2003 9318: 9306: 9294: 9267: 9240: 9233:Wolters 1999 9228: 9221:Stearns 2001 9216: 9204: 9192: 9187:, p. 9. 9180: 9168: 9156: 9136: 9129: 9117: 9090:. Retrieved 9081: 9071: 9042: 9030:. Retrieved 9003: 8999: 8989: 8936: 8932: 8921: 8909: 8902:Terrell 1999 8897: 8885: 8873: 8861: 8849: 8837: 8825: 8813: 8797: 8790:Murdock 1969 8785: 8778:Barnard 2004 8773: 8761:. Retrieved 8749: 8745: 8721:the original 8711: 8699: 8678: 8666:. Retrieved 8646: 8639: 8627: 8622:, p. 4. 8620:Barnard 2004 8615: 8599: 8587: 8580:Cordier 2009 8575: 8563: 8551:. Retrieved 8542: 8533: 8526:Muljana 1981 8521: 8502: 8493: 8484: 8478: 8471:I Ching 2005 8466: 8454: 8449:, p. 8. 8442: 8430: 8418: 8406: 8394: 8382: 8377:, p. 3. 8375:Barnard 2004 8370: 8358: 8341: 8337: 8331: 8324:Barnard 2004 8319: 8307: 8295: 8283: 8261:Barnard 2004 8241: 8231: 8219:. Retrieved 8205: 8193:. Retrieved 8182: 8173: 8161:. Retrieved 8152: 8143: 8131:. Retrieved 8127:the original 8117: 8105:. Retrieved 8101:the original 8091: 8082: 8065: 8053:. Retrieved 8044: 8035: 8023:. Retrieved 8019:the original 8014: 8005: 7993: 7981:. Retrieved 7971: 7947: 7932: 7919: 7910: 7578:Riau Islands 7121:Riau Islands 7066: 6831:Civilisation 6681: 6566:Riau Islands 6514: 6511:Bugis-Malays 6398:Berau Malays 6246: 6175:Malay titles 6152: 6140: 6136:Arabic names 6124: 6094: 6085: 6079: 6077: 6072: 6058: 6055: 6035: 6034: 6030:Malay Annals 6019: 6017: 5977: 5967: 5966:, a type of 5963: 5955: 5947: 5944:Kapak Binjai 5943: 5939: 5933: 5929: 5928:, including 5921: 5917: 5913: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5879: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5851: 5847: 5841: 5829: 5823: 5817: 5811: 5807: 5799: 5796: 5785: 5777: 5760: 5750: 5728:Malam Jumaat 5727: 5723: 5715: 5711: 5708:Keris Pusaka 5707: 5704: 5684: 5681:Bedil (term) 5633: 5628: 5624: 5614: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5565: 5515: 5492:Funan Empire 5484:Indo-Chinese 5477: 5473:Pencak Silat 5469:Silat Melayu 5464: 5442: 5426:Riau Islands 5415: 5412:Silat Melayu 5391:Martial arts 5380: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5352: 5349:circumcision 5344: 5336: 5332: 5329:Cukur Jambul 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5302: 5289:Pesta Menuai 5288: 5272: 5268: 5266: 5257: 5226:Bubur Ashura 5225: 5203: 5197: 5181: 5166: 5154: 5152: 5101:The rise of 5100: 5086: 5067: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5004: 5000: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4928:Song dynasty 4921: 4917: 4874: 4854: 4846: 4836: 4830: 4824: 4810: 4804: 4794: 4788: 4782: 4776: 4770: 4768: 4764:Wayang Gedek 4763: 4759: 4755: 4752:Wayang Purwa 4751: 4747: 4743: 4740:Wayang Purwa 4739: 4736:Wayang Gedek 4735: 4724:Wayang Kulit 4717: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4684: 4675: 4666: 4662: 4656: 4634: 4615:A troupe of 4593:Minangkabaus 4568: 4564: 4560: 4554: 4549: 4545: 4534:coconut milk 4528: 4515: 4498: 4492: 4489:coconut milk 4486: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4464:South Africa 4453: 4439: 4433: 4421:terang bulan 4419: 4413: 4403: 4397: 4391: 4381: 4377: 4364: 4354: 4346: 4343:Riau Islands 4333: 4324: 4318: 4314: 4304: 4298: 4288: 4280: 4272: 4258: 4252: 4235: 4217: 4211: 4205: 4191: 4171: 4156: 4148: 4140: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4108: 4104: 4096: 4094: 4089: 4085: 4084:, including 4081: 4073: 4061: 4059: 4051: 4036: 4018: 4003: 3990: 3985: 3979: 3970:circumcision 3908: 3892:timber-frame 3888:Malay houses 3885: 3870: 3868: 3857: 3836: 3823:between the 3814: 3812: 3807: 3801: 3798:Buddha image 3776: 3770:and ancient 3761: 3752:Malay Annals 3738:Rumah Melayu 3732:Architecture 3719: 3713: 3707: 3701: 3691: 3675: 3664:Muslim world 3660:Islamisation 3646: 3641:masuk Melayu 3639: 3628: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3552: 3542: 3536: 3518: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3497: 3495: 3479:Malay Annals 3476: 3464:Wayang Kulit 3455:of the era. 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3418: 3411: 3405: 3387: 3380: 3374: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3342: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3317: 3313: 3308:relating to 3299: 3283: 3272: 3203: 3199:Terengganuan 3156: 3137: 3129:latinisation 3116: 3102: 3094:Manado Malay 3086:Bazaar Malay 3081: 3077: 3073: 3067: 3060: 3047:Austronesian 3040: 3000:Austronesian 2997: 2931:Malay rulers 2923: 2911: 2893:during the " 2891:East Sumatra 2856: 2827: 2821: 2808: 2792: 2784: 2774: 2760: 2747:Malay states 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2706: 2698:Riau Islands 2667: 2633: 2591: 2531:Sungai Golok 2529:, including 2485:, Legeh and 2472: 2447:Malay Rulers 2429: 2418: 2391: 2383:lower Borneo 2371:White Rajahs 2357:against the 2355:Castille War 2352: 2324:World War II 2284:Malay rulers 2272:Indian Ocean 2240:Johor Empire 2221: 2109:Malay states 2106: 2085:crown prince 2080: 2076: 2062:Dutch Empire 2007:colonisation 2004: 1932: 1928:Malayisation 1857: 1815: 1810: 1799:Malayisation 1794:Islamisation 1787: 1756: 1749: 1734:Malayisation 1724:Islamisation 1710:ethnogenesis 1682:Lavo Kingdom 1678: 1647: 1592: 1587: 1572: 1554:and western 1549: 1498: 1475: 1455: 1425: 1377: 1363: 1354:diffusionist 1346: 1326: 1301: 1286:Ladies from 1206: 1183:Proto-Malays 1175:Austronesian 1171:Proto-Malays 1167:Melayu purba 1166: 1162: 1160: 1138: 1131:Cekak Musang 1130: 1111:Hikayat Aceh 1110: 1109:(ca. 1821). 1098: 1094: 1092: 1083: 1075: 1053: 1025: 987: 979: 971: 967: 961: 954:to refer to 952:Adityawarman 942: 941: 926: 925: 915: 904:Yuan dynasty 898: 897: 883:Bhūmi Mālayu 882: 881: 862: 861: 850: 847:Ming dynasty 843:Yuan dynasty 838: 837:(Kedah) and 834: 826: 814: 808:Tang dynasty 798: 797: 778: 777: 772:Suvarnadvipa 751:Malaya Dwipa 750: 749: 736: 718: 688:Melayu river 674:Malay Annals 672: 670: 661:Sang Sapurba 654: 602: 576:such as the 567: 560:Malayisation 556:Islamisation 512:ethnogenesis 493: 441: 405:Riau Islands 379:and coastal 366:Austronesian 354:Orang Melayu 311: 310: 302: 182: 120: 108: 92: 86: 80: 74: 73:paired with 68: 62: 43:Orang Melayu 42: 32:Ethnic group 29: 17260:Indonesians 17183:Sino-Native 16915:Australians 16798:Minangkabau 16761:Bugis-Malay 16575:Bangladeshi 16438:Sino-Native 15971:Orang Kuala 15961:Orang Kanaq 15951:Proto-Malay 15877:Minangkabau 15856:Bugis-Malay 15807:Anak Dagang 15493:Tanimbarese 15207:Ekari (Mee) 15082:Gorontaloan 14718:Aneuk Jamee 14713:Minangkabau 14669:Bugis-Malay 14560:Orang Rimba 14555:Orang Kuala 14508:Indonesians 14441:expatriates 13949:20 November 13739:Communities 13017:20 November 12835:28 November 12363:20 November 12185:22 November 12149:Baju Kurung 11829:27 November 11640:22 November 11412:20 November 10982:Husain 2007 10953:Othman 1983 10820:McNair 2002 10772:Leyden 1821 10641:Karyaneka. 10591:Farrer 2009 10483:Hassan 2016 10255:22 November 10026:28 February 9991:Burgat 2003 9634:Wright 2007 9520:Herwig 1980 9493:28 February 9371:Harper 2001 9335:Milner 2010 9076:Sabrizain. 9006:(1): 1–32. 8668:8 September 8632:Milner 2010 8592:Wright 2004 8459:Gerini 1974 8447:Sarkar 1970 8312:Milner 2010 8300:Milner 2010 8288:Milner 2010 8246:Milner 2010 8163:28 December 8025:29 December 7811:(1675–1944) 7802:(1771–1950) 7767:(1780–1899) 7696:(1299–1398) 7630:(1598–1641) 7550:(1824–1911) 7529:Riau Malays 7368:(1785–1902) 7362:(1603–1689) 7356:(1516–1902) 7312:(1550–1823) 7266:(1770–1881) 7260:(1470–1623) 7220:(1728–1946) 7214:(1568–1946) 7208:(1630–1946) 7202:(1630–1946) 7086:(1725–1949) 7080:(1183–1347) 7078:Dharmasraya 7069:Minangkabau 7040:(1402–1511) 6863:(1839–1864) 6857:(1808–1916) 6796:(1855–1877) 6695:(1550–1823) 6655:(1460–1907) 6649:(1183–1347) 6647:Dharmasraya 6537:(1824–1911) 6231:Thai Malays 6117:Malay names 6090:Malay kites 6047:Asian Games 6026:kite flying 5813:Ekor Lotong 5722:, known as 5677:Taming Sari 5645:Tepak Sireh 5609:granulation 5601:Tepak sirih 5585:Belt buckle 5548:Kubang Pasu 5420:(including 5313:Doa Selamat 5273:Puja Pantai 5269:Mandi Safar 5242:Nuzul Quran 5171:Eid prayers 5105:managed to 5051:baju layang 5009:(shirt) or 4996:archipelago 4979:Baju Kurung 4914:Baju Kurung 4910:Baju Melayu 4903:Eid al-Fitr 4877:dance from 4849:dance from 4826:Ulek mayang 4756:Wayang Siam 4748:Wayang Siam 4732:Mahabharata 4720:shadow play 4699:(trumpet), 4689:kettledrums 4645:Dikir barat 4573:Eid ul-Fitr 4561:nasi himpit 4546:Nasi Minyak 4518:staple food 4460:Cape Malays 4452:and unique 4441:ayam pansuh 4435:bubur pedas 4405:nasi minyak 4356:nasi goreng 4213:nasi kerabu 4207:nasi dagang 4176:smoked duck 4111:, used for 4074:Labu Sayung 4019:Labu Sayong 3982:visual arts 3974:Kelantanese 3947:Minangkabau 3900:ventilation 3825:mount Jerai 3810:of Chaiya. 3523:, a famous 3504:, known as 3468:Shadow play 3453:magna opera 3390:Jawi script 3382:Hitopadesha 3371:Śukasaptati 3230:Rumi script 3222:Jawi script 3175:Kelantanese 2978:written in 2789:Pan-Islamic 2728:(1935) and 2709:periodicals 2614:coup d'etat 2535:Sungai Padi 2385:vassals to 2312:handed over 2274:islands of 2205:Kubang Pasu 2137:Tambralinga 1995:Bugis-Malay 1908:Philippines 1858:Across the 1746:, Indonesia 1650:Tambralinga 1638:Parameswara 1611:Parameswara 1582:during the 1442:Tambralinga 1432:located in 1292:Baju Kurung 1243:Philippines 1203:Orang Kanaq 1195:Orang Kuala 1163:Melayu asli 1140:kain sarong 984:Parameswara 956:Dharmasraya 899:Ma-li-yu-er 892:Dharmasraya 876:Muaro Jambi 779:Maleu-kolon 760:Vayu Purana 613:transmitted 594:Minangkabau 569:anak dagang 564:Malay world 273:Sunni Islam 122:Malay world 88:baju kurung 70:baju melayu 17298:Categories 17270:Pakistanis 17161:Non-native 17123:Lun Bawang 17086:Sama-Bajau 17003:Bumiputera 16899:Vietnamese 16889:Pakistanis 16879:Malaysians 16656:Vietnamese 16610:Indonesian 16496:Sri Lankan 16300:Sama-Bajau 16268:Lun Bawang 16144:Lun Bawang 16077:Semaq Beri 15966:Orang Laut 15941:Peninsular 15928:Orang Asal 15845:Mandailing 15699:Bumiputera 15689:Malaysians 15632:Portuguese 15590:Klingalese 15032:Orang Laut 14870:Lun Bawang 14844:Kalimantan 14800:Kangeanese 14793:Tenggerese 14783:Banyumasan 14778:Cirebonese 14622:Toba Batak 14617:Simalungun 14607:Mandailing 14570:Petalangan 14525:Aboriginal 14457:Indonesian 14334:indigenous 14075:10 January 13802:Detik Food 13676:Orang Jawa 13631:17 October 13340:15 January 13181:27 October 13089:27 October 12825:Malay Mail 12666:4 February 12117:27 October 11936:1068575751 11632:, Scribd, 10555:Green 2001 10519:James 1994 10362:Moore 1998 9923:(3): 219. 9896:3 December 9737:Clyne 1992 9646:Teeuw 1959 9479:"Brunei". 9455:Ramli 1999 9245:Pande 2006 9197:Cœdès 1968 9110:Munoz 2006 9047:Devan 2010 8890:Razak 2012 8804:, p. 8647:The Malays 8606:, p. 8543:guoxue.com 8411:Gopal 2000 8399:Pande 2006 8195:2 December 8041:"Thailand" 7983:17 January 7963:References 7823:(880–1590) 7783:Terengganu 7420:Narathiwat 7348:Langkasuka 6837:Langkasuka 6350:Lam Luk Ka 6277:Kalimantan 6271:, coastal 6221:See also: 6163:honorifics 6143:patronymic 6037:Sepak Raga 6021:Sepak Raga 5996:See also: 5940:Kuku Macan 5856:human body 5838:ammunition 5675:See also: 5625:Awan Larat 5520:Terengganu 5488:kickboxing 5438:Langkasuka 5317:Kesyukuran 5232:, the Mid- 5167:Balik Raya 5159:homecoming 5127:Aildifitri 5047:baju sikap 5015:baju rompi 4809:dance and 4796:Mek Mulung 4671:frame drum 4663:rebana ubi 4597:Pagaruyung 4565:Idul Fitri 4530:Nasi lemak 4507:lemongrass 4481:koe'sister 4458:dish; and 4450:Nasi katok 4448:for their 4390:for their 4353:for their 4345:for their 4338:ikan patin 4335:asam pedas 4329:ikan patin 4315:ikan patin 4306:roti prata 4297:for their 4273:bunga kuda 4254:asam laksa 4204:for their 4198:Terengganu 4180:white rice 4141:Bekas Bara 4137:Terengganu 4107:is called 4070:terracotta 4033:, Malaysia 3957:Visual art 3935:Portuguese 3860:Langkasuka 3829:Muda River 3736:See also: 3689:of India. 3687:Durga Puja 3681:festival ( 3616:common era 3573:See also: 3559:pilgrimage 3236:Literature 3195:Sarawakian 3163:Bangkanese 2992:See also: 2871:pretenders 2761:The Malay 2672:i. e. the 2658:See also: 2579:Terengganu 2499:Terengganu 2304:Terengganu 2015:Portuguese 1818:Portuguese 1811:Kemelayuan 1779:Terengganu 1771:Terengganu 1626:Srivijayan 1595:Orang laut 1521:Langkasuka 1368:, and the 1347:Proponent 1340:driven by 1294:made from 1271:Hoabinhian 978:named the 943:Malayapura 932:Marco Polo 792:Geographia 754:, "Malaya 699:Musi River 665:progenitor 590:Mandailing 552:Orang Laut 548:Orang Asli 465:Langkasuka 429:Narathiwat 362:أورڠ ملايو 304:Kemelayuan 193:Arab world 137:17,600,000 127:30 million 109:30 million 64:akad nikah 47:اورڠ ملايو 21:Malay race 17265:Filipinos 17188:Banjarese 17045:Mangka'ak 16859:Filipinos 16852:Taiwanese 16837:Armenians 16778:Eurasians 16751:Banjarese 16641:Pakistani 16540:Chindians 16515:Peranakan 16425:Peranakan 16396:Hainanese 16386:Cantonese 16351:(Sam-Sam) 16324:Peranakan 16229:Mangka'ak 16124:Orang Ulu 16062:Cheq Wong 15899:Sundanese 15867:Baweanese 15835:Banjarese 15724:Anak Jati 15627:Pakistani 15622:Mardijker 15573:Peranakan 15374:Manggarai 15357:Lamaholot 15217:Ketengban 15137:Sangirese 15117:Mongondow 15112:Minahasan 15107:Mandarese 15087:Kalumpang 15020:Pontianak 14991:Punan Bah 14907:Uma Baka' 14882:Apo Kayan 14861:Apo Duat 14832:Bantenese 14822:Sundanese 14735:Palembang 14265:Singapore 14241:Indonesia 13694:25 August 13661:224792124 13390:108510191 13248:24 August 13223:25 August 12901:Sriwijaya 12893:565235680 12733:0217-7773 12399:0277-3066 12053:1985-496X 11712:0419-4209 11612:, BRILL, 11454:24 August 11307:25 August 11103:Said 2012 10699:Niza 2016 10347:24 August 10225:Said 2002 10213:Said 2005 9939:2077-1444 9917:Religions 9857:Boyd 1999 9830:Ford 1899 9725:Wong 1973 9556:Chew 1999 9532:Amin 1995 9022:2770-5005 8963:0027-8424 8914:Baer 1999 8752:(1): 86. 8704:Ryan 1976 8568:Hall 1981 8423:Ahir 1995 8387:Deka 2007 8086:"CIA (B)" 7712:Singapore 7304:Srivijaya 7184:Singapore 6774:Singapore 6616:Singapore 6339:Nong Chok 6257:Singapore 5969:Baju Besi 5930:Lawi Ayam 5922:Segenggam 5757:matchlock 5752:Istinggar 5695:Majapahit 5641:religious 5593:keronsang 5581:jewellery 5556:Ayutthaya 5536:Nong Chik 5516:Bunga Mas 5508:Bunga Mas 5486:forms of 5461:Hang Tuah 5458:Laksamana 5422:Singapore 5401:Singapore 5333:Bertindik 5131:Aidiladha 5123:Hari Raya 5083:oil lamps 5039:tengkolok 4977:The word 4956:Kelingkam 4871:Palembang 4784:Mak Inang 4775:theatre, 4772:Bangsawan 4722:known as 4569:Hari Raya 4320:Pangasius 4295:Singapore 4275:dessert; 4149:Jambangan 3768:Srivijaya 3652:mysticism 3533:Singapore 3506:Kitab Tib 3191:Pattanese 3144:Singapore 3121:in Europe 3109:Thomassin 3105:Tavernier 3051:Old Malay 3032:Sri Lanka 3016:Singapore 3012:Indonesia 2947:Singapore 2848:feudalism 2824:Malayness 2785:Kaum Muda 2781:Islamists 2676:. In the 2630:Hang Tuah 2563:abdicated 2416:in 1911. 2286:accepted 2236:Singapore 2207:from the 2199:, Langu, 2087:) of the 2081:Raja Muda 2077:Long Raya 1744:Pontianak 1662:Sri Lanka 1630:Palembang 1509:Srivijaya 1450:Sri Lanka 1399:Polynesia 1333:Sundaland 1288:Palembang 1226:Negroids. 829:with the 819:Srivijaya 790:'s work, 727:root word 703:Palembang 651:Palembang 619:Etymology 582:Banjarese 500:Malayness 489:Srivijaya 433:Singapore 389:Indonesia 254:Languages 203:Australia 163:Singapore 157:2,150,950 147:8,553,791 143:Indonesia 25:Malayalis 17280:Bengalis 17245:Timorese 17178:Butonese 17173:Javanese 17140:Bulungan 17079:Tambanuo 17050:Maragang 16869:Japanese 16788:Javanese 16756:Buginese 16627:(former) 16620:Japanese 16600:Filipino 16584:Rohingya 16569:Hadhrami 16481:Malayali 16466:Gujarati 16338:Kristang 16288:Tambanuo 16234:Maragang 16057:Mah Meri 15943:Malaysia 15872:Makassar 15862:Javanese 15830:Acehnese 15607:Japanese 15580:Filipino 15548:Chindian 15543:Armenian 15466:Ambonese 15449:Manusela 15432:Moluccan 15384:Rotenese 15337:Bimanese 15332:Balinese 15327:Bali Aga 15097:Makassar 15077:Bonerate 15072:Butonese 15062:Buginese 15054:Sulawesi 14979:Bakumpai 14967:Ma'anyan 14962:Lawangan 14957:Ot Danum 14921:Kendayan 14805:Madurese 14773:Javanese 14745:Simeulue 14706:Sakuddei 14701:Mentawai 14582:Acehnese 14453:Filipino 14277:Thailand 14253:Malaysia 14179:The Star 14166:21483678 14126:PLOS ONE 14009:BBC News 13878:New York 13834:(1999), 13714:Archived 13685:Archived 13625:archived 13617:(1959), 13507:(2001), 13479:18359946 13242:Archived 13217:Archived 13199:Changwat 13193:Changwat 13175:archived 13138:(2006). 13083:archived 13065:(2004), 12938:(1969), 12865:(1984), 12829:Archived 12769:archived 12556:(2007), 12526:(2004), 12357:archived 12309:(2005), 12176:Archived 12111:archived 12075:(1981), 12057:Archived 11974:41502911 11926:(1974), 11722:(2009), 11687:Archived 11669:(1968). 11634:archived 11629:Tembikar 11448:Archived 11240:archived 11189:34341816 11181:20007900 11043:26 March 10895:IBP 2007 10796:Ooi 2004 10617:Archived 10341:Archived 10249:Archived 10200:Archived 9890:Archived 9792:Archived 9788:Omniglot 9766:The Star 9544:Tan 1988 9487:Archived 9485:. 2022. 9467:Ali 2010 9086:Archived 9032:15 April 9026:Archived 8981:33753512 8842:TED 1999 8802:Ooi 2004 8763:19 March 8754:Archived 8688:Archived 8662:Archived 8547:Archived 8501:(2013). 8221:23 March 8215:Archived 8189:Archived 8157:Archived 8049:Archived 8047:. 2022. 7849:See also 7678:Selangor 7468:Kelantan 7431:Songkhla 7146:Selangor 6999:Kelantan 6737:Selangor 6684:Javanese 6579:Selangor 6517:Buginese 6389:Bengkulu 6335:Min Buri 6199:Malaysia 6167:Malaysia 6132:Sanskrit 6061:spinning 6043:Malaysia 6012:Kelantan 5952:Blowpipe 5935:Kerambit 5906:Setangan 5902:Sepegang 5890:Setangan 5872:Selengan 5848:Istingar 5773:Selangor 5724:semangat 5691:Javanese 5659:Weaponry 5629:Kerawang 5617:filigree 5605:repoussé 5524:Kelantan 5377:urbanism 5222:Muharram 5214:Muhammad 5206:Ramadhan 5107:redefine 5091:Ramadhan 5059:pendekar 5043:headgear 5017:(vest), 4847:Canggung 4821:Kelantan 4728:Ramayana 4637:Mak Yong 4621:Mak Yong 4544:. While 4538:Malaysia 4511:galangal 4503:chillies 4466:for its 4432:for its 4412:for its 4399:mi celor 4383:tempoyak 4376:for its 4347:sup ikan 4313:for its 4290:cincalok 4279:for its 4271:for its 4240:tempoyak 4230:for its 4202:Kelantan 4129:Kelantan 4125:Terenang 4121:Terenang 4066:Kelantan 3827:and the 3794:Thailand 3772:isthmian 3726:apostasy 3624:Buddhism 3620:Hinduism 3612:semangat 3608:animists 3592:Ramadhan 3569:Religion 3549:Kelantan 3427:such as 3360:Ramayana 3306:folklore 3295:Gurindam 3226:Malaysia 3167:Bruneian 3148:Malaysia 3020:Thailand 3008:Malaysia 2966:Language 2943:Malaysia 2763:leftists 2757:in 1957. 2724:(1920), 2722:Pengasuh 2720:(1906), 2575:Kelantan 2537:; while 2513:groups, 2495:Kelantan 2421:Langkawi 2381:and its 2300:Kelantan 2278:and the 2248:Dindings 2157:Nongchik 2042:captured 1783:Malaysia 1767:Kelantan 1714:Acehnese 1588:Pamalayu 1486:Sanskrit 1482:Buddhism 1478:Hinduism 1438:Thailand 1356:claims. 1316:kampungs 1304:Iron Age 1267:Dong Son 1255:Sulawesi 1222:customs. 1220:Assamese 1060:Javanese 1056:ethnonym 964:Javanese 894:kingdom. 863:Malaiyur 856:Xuanzang 851:Ma-La-Yu 827:Mo-Lo-Yu 815:Mo-Lo-Yu 799:Mo-lo-yu 605:absorbed 598:Javanese 578:Acehnese 550:and the 421:Songkhla 409:Thailand 385:Malaysia 266:Religion 183:Diaspora 153:Thailand 133:Malaysia 17193:Bidayuh 17149:Kedayan 17060:Rumanau 17055:Minokok 17025:Kadazan 16994:Sabahan 16908:Oceania 16884:Nepalis 16874:Koreans 16864:Indians 16847:Chinese 16615:Iranian 16580:Burmese 16560:African 16476:Punjabi 16411:Henghua 16406:Foochow 16401:Teochew 16381:Hokkien 16367:Chinese 16263:Illanun 16244:Rumanau 16239:Minokok 16209:Kadazan 16179:Melanau 16170:Others 16134:Kelabit 16107:Bukitan 16102:Bidayuh 16089:Sarawak 16072:Jah Hut 16030:Mendriq 15983:Semelai 15914:Siamese 15882:Kerinci 15792:Kedayan 15558:Benteng 15553:Chinese 15526:African 15503:Togutil 15476:Wai Apu 15461:Ambelau 15409:Sumbawa 15307:Lesser 15282:Waropen 15262:Sentani 15227:Korowai 15197:Damalme 15182:Amungme 15152:Torajan 14996:Bukitan 14984:Meratus 14938:Mualang 14916:Bidayuh 14865:Kelabit 14750:Singkil 14730:Haloban 14694:Serdang 14684:Langkat 14644:Lampung 14629:Enggano 14597:Angkola 14517:Sumatra 14448:British 14427:Chinese 14402:Melanau 14371:Kedayan 14289:Society 14227:Portals 14215:22 June 14157:3071720 14134:Bibcode 14051:20 July 14027:20 July 13750:15 June 13723:15 June 12993:19 July 12588:15 June 12313:(ed.), 12307:I Ching 11783:21 June 11693:20 June 11351:29 July 11284:2 April 11246:15 June 11161:Bibcode 11153:Science 10684:30 July 10449:15 June 10164:24 June 9798:22 June 9092:21 June 8972:8020671 8941:Bibcode 8553:25 July 7646:Sarawak 7398:Pattani 7071:descent 7056:Malacca 6686:descent 6519:descent 6490:Sarawak 6273:Sarawak 6261:Bornean 6101:Congkak 6097:Mancala 6065:harvest 5978:Perisai 5885:Sundang 5868:Lembing 5852:Setubuh 5843:Terakor 5825:Rentaka 5804:cannons 5769:Serdang 5736:incense 5699:Malacca 5669:Sumatra 5653:Gamelan 5532:Pattani 5465:pesilat 5449:Pattani 5430:Sumatra 5424:), the 5385:caterer 5357:wedding 5309:kenduri 5285:Belimau 5238:fasting 5234:Sha'ban 5200:in 1925 5144:Ibrahim 5140:Ramadan 5136:fasting 5055:pending 5019:kancing 4964:Pelangi 4944:Telepok 4936:Songket 4879:Serdang 4863:Sarawak 4713:cymbals 4701:serunai 4693:gendang 4652:Gamelan 4589:rendang 4557:Ketupat 4494:belacan 4469:bobotie 4455:ambuyat 4430:Sarawak 4285:Malacca 4194:Pattani 4163:Cuisine 4145:incense 4105:Belanga 4101:curries 4097:Belanga 4062:Mambong 4043:utensil 4039:pottery 4009:Pottery 3923:British 3919:Siamese 3896:porches 3786:Sumatra 3764:Chinese 3551:), and 3525:Malacca 3398:romance 3275:servant 3220:-based 3214:Rencong 3206:Pallawa 3179:Kedahan 3171:Jambian 3113:Werndly 2961:Culture 2955:Sarawak 2883:Serdang 2879:Langkat 2718:Al-Imam 2515:Sendawa 2507:Tarutao 2402:Sumatra 2375:Sarawak 2369:to the 2359:Spanish 2189:Tongkah 2181:Rundung 2153:Saiburi 2113:Siamese 2101:Pattani 2023:British 1876:Sarawak 1872:Kuching 1781:state, 1694:Visayas 1692:in the 1607:Temasek 1545:Sumatra 1541:mandala 1501:Sumatra 1406:History 1329:Ice Age 1312:nomadic 1296:Songket 1263:Sumatra 1173:are of 1135:songket 1129:in the 1117:Origins 1088:Italian 980:Malaios 936:account 927:Malauir 788:Ptolemy 786:, from 764:Sumatra 741:to the 739:toponym 695:Sumatra 532:Sumatra 526:in the 449:Malayic 413:Pattani 393:Sumatra 373:Sumatra 233:~27,000 229:Myanmar 215:~33,000 197:~50,000 187:150,000 177:314,560 167:545,498 91:with a 82:songket 76:songkok 49:‎ 17329:Malaya 17153:Subpan 17144:Iranun 17136:Bisaya 17128:Rungus 17106:Tidung 17101:Ida'an 17074:Dumpas 17035:Kwijau 17011:Native 16773:Chitty 16744:Others 16636:Nepali 16631:Korean 16625:Jewish 16605:Indian 16506:Telugu 16452:Indian 16310:Tidong 16295:Rungus 16283:Dumpas 16258:Ida'an 16253:Bisaya 16219:Kwijau 16184:Miriek 16174:Bisaya 16159:Sa'ban 16139:Kenyah 16117:Selako 16067:Temiar 16035:Mintil 16025:Kintaq 16020:Kensiu 16000:Semang 15993:Temuan 15931:(Other 15617:Korean 15612:Jewish 15585:Indian 15508:Wemale 15498:Tobelo 15488:Lisela 15483:Kayeli 15454:Nuaulu 15367:Loloan 15347:Helong 15287:Wolani 15277:Wambon 15272:Tobati 15237:Marind 15222:Kombai 15157:Mamasa 15127:Pamona 15067:Bungku 14950:Tidung 14926:Selako 14902:Lebbo' 14897:Kenyah 14875:Sa'ban 14852:Banjar 14810:Bawean 14768:Betawi 14740:Rejang 14664:Asahan 14654:Lembak 14612:Pakpak 14432:Indian 14390:others 14381:Tutong 14356:Bisaya 14351:Belait 14343:Malays 14198: 14164: 14154: 14110: 14092: 13984: 13966: 13906: 13888: 13860: 13842: 13821: 13786: 13768: 13659: 13589: 13571: 13553: 13535: 13517: 13494: 13477: 13441: 13423: 13405: 13388: 13304: 13285: 13267: 13167: 13146: 13125: 13106: 13075: 13052: 13034: 12976: 12968:] 12948: 12925: 12907: 12891: 12873: 12852: 12809: 12791: 12775:4 June 12747: 12731: 12713: 12686: 12642: 12622: 12604: 12564: 12534: 12513: 12495: 12467: 12449: 12431: 12413: 12397: 12379: 12339: 12321: 12296: 12278: 12260: 12238: 12220: 12202: 12135: 12103: 12083: 12051: 12025: 12007: 11989: 11972: 11950: 11934: 11913: 11883: 11865: 11847: 11799: 11759: 11730: 11710: 11679: 11656: 11616: 11598: 11579: 11561: 11543: 11525: 11507: 11489: 11471: 11386: 11368: 11326: 11262: 11222: 11204: 11187: 11179: 11141: 10653:31 May 10623:31 May 9937: 9144: 9020: 8979: 8969: 8961: 8654: 8509: 8133:1 June 8107:1 June 7953:Malays 7939:Melayu 7925:Malays 7886:Brunei 7836: 7780: 7709: 7675: 7643: 7575: 7563: 7517: 7477: 7465: 7453: 7325: 7288:Pahang 7285: 7233: 7181: 7171:Pahang 7168: 7155: 7143: 7131: 7118: 7105: 7053: 6996: 6918: 6909:Penang 6906: 6897:Perlis 6894: 6882: 6809: 6771: 6758: 6749:Pahang 6746: 6734: 6721: 6708: 6668: 6613: 6603:Pahang 6600: 6588: 6576: 6563: 6550: 6499: 6487: 6478:Labuan 6475: 6465:Brunei 6462: 6386: 6309: 6233:, and 6171:Brunei 6159:titles 6073:Gasing 6059:Gasing 5982:shield 5976:) and 5974:armour 5954:) and 5948:sumpit 5910:dagger 5880:Pedang 5860:spears 5808:Meriam 5780:values 5749:of an 5720:spirit 5621:niello 5544:Rangae 5514:. 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