1286:
2486:
2363:
558:
1962:
2328:
1620:
19:
2913:
53:
2814:
1259:: The usage of brassware transcends a plethora of classical Malay social classes, being used by the members of nobility and commoners alike. The popularity of brassware is heavily contributed due to its durability, quality, and affordability to all. The brassware can be narrowed into two distinctions, yellow brass for functional items and white for decorative purposes. It is often meticulously hammered and craved with various decorative designs in religious and floral motives. The usage of brass, however, is also best known for
2789:
2768:
1802:
90:
1779:: Malaysian pottery and ceramics were an essential part of the trade between Malaysia and its neighbours during feudalistic times, throughout Asia. Under the Malaysian culture, pottery is not solely witnessed as a mere household utensil. It is perceived as a work of art, a paradigm of talent, embroidered with aesthetic, legacy, perseverance, and religious devotion. The Malay earthenwares are usually unglazed, with the ornamental designs were carved when the pottery is semi-dried during its construction process.
1157:
873:
1507:
2026:
2215:
2877:(MDeC) was launched by the government a few years earlier in an effort to transition Malaysia from a manufacturing economy to one based more in information and knowledge. Since then, many Malaysian animation companies marketed their works globally. Their animation has succeeded in promoting Malaysia globally by creating content that was based on Malaysian culture but with universal values. Several Malaysian animation films and series that have hit global market are
5112:
2971:
305:
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1556:
1039:
2422:: In Malaysian culture, clothes and textiles are revered as symbols of beauty, power and status. The Malay handloom industry can be traced its origin since the 13th century when the eastern trade route flourished under Song dynasty. Mention of locally made textiles as well as the predominance of weaving in Malay peninsula was made in various Chinese and Arab accounts. There are four main areas of textiles production in Malaysia;
1733:. This art might not be as popular as before but it is still being produced and used for cooking in a lot of traditional Malaysian cuisines. The art of making charcoal is mainly concentrated in Kuala Sepetang, Larut and Matang, Perak. Although charcoal is considered as a controversial issue these days due to climate change, Matang, however, is recognised as a good model for sustainable mangrove forestry and conservation.
1753:. However, the use of the modern term extends its use to include inorganic non-metallic materials including earthenware, stoneware and porcelain. Until the 1950s, the most important traditionally was clay, which was used as pottery, brick, tile, and the like, along with cement and glass. Historically, ceramic items were hard, porous, and fragile. Nowadays, the art of ceramic includes pottery, crystal, glass, and marble.
2842:
2534:
2163:
2359:(for men), which both recognised as the national dress for Malaysia. Since Malaysia comprises hundreds of different ethnic groups, each culture has its own traditional and religious articles of clothing all of which are gender-specific and may be adapted to local influences and conditions. The clothing of different tribes also differs with different amounts, with tribes in close proximity having similar clothing.
72:
122:
2088:
1882:
1277:: Pewter is considered as relatively recent, with history only dated to the colonial era. Despite its recent history, Malaysia is very well known for its decorative pewter items and tableware. In fact, Malaysia was once the world's largest tin producer and currently the largest manufacturer of pewter, so it is common for tourists to buy Malaysian pewter products as souvenirs.
1666:
1521:: Wood carving is a part of classical Malaysian arts. The Malay had traditionally adorned their monuments, boats, weapons, tombs, musical instruments, and utensils by motives of flora, calligraphy, geometry, and cosmic feature. The art is done by partially removing the wood using sharp tools and following specific patterns, compositions, and orders. The art form, known as
2406:, which resembles a turban and is a typical headdress in the Middle East. Different headgears are used on different occasions. This was especially so in the old days when different headgears were worn, which more often than not reflect the individual's stations in life, both for formal and informal occasions. Women, on the other hand, would sometimes wear
2146:: Leatherworks are crafts made from animal raw hides and skins. The leathers are soaked in alkali solution, stretched and dried to prevent petrification as well as to soften them in order to make it more flexible. The material is commonly used for prop construction in traditional performing arts such as shadow puppet figures for
2324:
west to the harbours of the Malay archipelago, together they bought new luxurious items, including fine cotton and silks. The garments subsequently become a source of high Malay fashion and acquired a cultural role as the binding identity in the archipelago, especially in the peninsula, and the coastal areas of Borneo.
473:. Until recent time, wood was the principal material used for all Malaysian traditional buildings. However, numerous stone structures were also discovered particularly the religious complexes from the time of ancient Malay kingdoms. Throughout many decades, the traditional Malaysian architecture has been influenced by
2585:: Traditional Malaysian pieces of jewellery stitched to traditional dresses reflect the rich symbolism and design of the local craftsmen. In the contemporary era, Malaysian jewellery are mainly used in the form of anklets, bracelets, rings, necklaces, pendants, and earrings. Traditionally, Malay craftsmen would mould
2503:, a hand tapping style method using two sticks. According to the Dayak culture, different motifs are used for different parts of the body, where the purpose of the tattoos is to protect the tattoo bearer or to signify certain events in their life. One of the most important motifs of Iban tattoo includes
2084:. These items also include a variety of high quality crafted paper model of houses, cars, treasure chests, clothes, or even daily utensils. It is also believed that the burning of these paper models served as an effective educational tool for the livings about the sense of total relinquishment at death.
2529:
will be held the night before the wedding, where the bride will be adorned with elaborate henna patterns on her fingers and toes. This aesthetic art form is said to bring luck, beauty, and happiness to the bearer. The Malay wedding ceremony is considered to be "incomplete" if the bride does not adorn
1304:
is the simplest form of ranged weapon, consisting of a long narrow tube for shooting light projectiles such as darts. It is a traditional weapon for hunters of various indigenous tribes in both, west and east
Malaysia, as well as a status symbol for many of them, similar to the kris to the Malays. In
1984:
of northern Sabah is known for their distinct and elaborate beaded accessories, ranging from necklaces, earrings, belts, and bangles. Colourful and beautiful, the beads are used in many traditional costumes, rituals, dances, and highly popular as souvenir items. Other than Rungus, beads also play an
1532:
A typical Malay traditional house or mosque would have been adorned with more than 20 carved components. The carving on the walls and the panels allow the air breeze to circulate effectively in and out of the building and can let the sunlight to light the interior of the structure. At the same time,
1319:
in the 15th century, the evolution of the Malay kris was perfected and possession of a kris came to be regarded as part-and-parcel of Malay culture, becoming a philosophical symbol, juxtaposition in prestige, craftsmanship, masculinity, and honour. During this classical era, a Malay man was not seen
2837:
Nowadays, besides working with traditional material such as wood, ceramic and forest products, the younger generation of
Malaysian artists have become very active in involving different forms of arts, such as animation, photography, paintings and street art with many of them attaining international
2323:
and textile has been continuously morphed since the time of antiquity. Historically, the ancient Malays were chronicled to incorporate various natural materials as a vital source for fabrics, clothing, and attire. The common era, however, witnessing the early arrivals of the merchants from east and
1826:
These porcelains are decorated in colourful overglaze
Famille rose enamels, with motifs symbolising marital harmony and longevity. Due to its symbolic meaning in Peranakan culture, the phoenix and peony have a more prominent position in "Nyonyaware" more than that of other Chinese porcelain wares
2931:: Given the various benefits and high return on investment, street art provides to local businesses, schools, neighbourhoods, and communities, the street art scene has blossomed in many parts of the country. In Penang, art exhibitions are held at the city's numerous cultural centres, such as the
2233:
as an art form is considered to be relatively new. It was only developed in the 20th century where it became the preferred artistic expression. Several design elements of traditional
Malaysian paintings such as batik and tribal motifs are adapted to modern painting style to reflect the Malaysian
1822:
ware, also known as "Nyonyaware". Different sets were used for different occasions. These porcelain wares were originally commissioned and manufactured in China and exported for the wealthy
Peranakan families in the British Straits Settlements. It is generally pastel base coloured than any other
1782:
According to several studies, the native Malay pottery industry has developed indigenously from the period of great antiquity and has since encapsulated a high-level of cultural sophistication. It also has been noted that the design features of the Malay pottery suggested the absence of foreign
2612:
Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in
Malaysia and reflects the multi-ethnic makeup of its population. The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided into three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese, and Indians. The remainder consists of the
2064:
in the yard of many houses, shops, business centres, shopping malls and even offices. These lanterns are not just for decorations during festive seasons. It is also used on certain occasions to welcome guests, to announce births, deaths, or even as danger warnings. Nowadays, uniquely colourful
1722:
is considered the furniture hub of
Malaysia with around 800 factories that account for about 55–60% of Malaysia's furniture export. The woods used for these furnitures are typically from tropical hardwood species that are known to be durable and can resist the attacks of the fungi, power-boots
1634:
customs, deities take the form of carved wooden masks and idols. In a world rife with supernatural forces, these carved items also symbolise reverence to ancestral spirits. Various folk tales, myths, and legends of the olden days are transformed and passed down through these items. On special
1502:
This art form is mainly attributed to the abundance of timber in the archipelago and also to the skillfulness of the woodcarvers that have allowed the Malays and other indigenous people to practice woodcarving as a craft. The natural tropical settings where flora, fauna, and cosmic forces are
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assumed a role more than a mere instrumental tool. It serves as a testament of culture, cultivated by artistic appreciation and religious symbols, moulded by a craftsman who possessed a talent to redefined the essence of nature in the most ornamental manner. Upon the turn of the 17th century,
446:
Nowadays, given the globally influenced and advanced technology, the younger generation of
Malaysian artists have moved from the traditional material such as wood, metals, and forest products, and becoming actively involved in different forms of arts, such as animation, photography, painting,
1989:
tribes of
Sarawak. The beads are made from various types of materials, namely wood, snail skin, stone, glass, bones, animal teeth and ceramics. Among the Orang Ulu tribes, the manufacturing techniques, colours and shapes differ with different amounts according to their respective beliefs and
1661:
take high-quality wood and at least a few days of patience. Although it is mass-produced today, there are a few traditional instrument makers that are determined to hold onto this legacy. These instruments are often carved with local motifs, which also require a high level of craftsmanship.
2122:
is a prime example of a traditional Malay woven food wrapper. It made from rice that has been wrapped in a woven palm leaf pouch and boiled. Despite the common triangular or diamond shapes, it can come in a wide variety of intricately woven designs ranging from star-like to animal-shaped.
2139:
is draped around a person's neck to show respect or worn as hair ornaments in weddings among Malay, Thai and Indian communities in the country. These flower garlands are commonly being sold on the streets near temples especially by the Indian and
Siamese communities.
1642:
Besides the indigenous ethnic groups, wood is also engraved by the Chinese community in Malaysia. Besides deities, traditional signboards, carved from fine wood and gilded, are adorned in many Chinese traditional houses and cultural buildings thought out the country.
1830:
There are four main designs for Malaysian porcelains; white with a pattern around the edges for everyday use, "Nyonya ware" for weddings or special occasions, "blue-and-white" for funeral occasions or serving the ancestors, and the street food dinnerware used in
1548:(ghost statue) are still being crafted. Another related category is engraving or drawing with paints on wooden planks, walls, or house posts by the Iban community. Even traditional coffins may be beautifully decorated using both carving and
2158:
There are many other kinds of Malaysian art and crafts that cannot be classified in the aforementioned categories such as painting and calligraphy. These arts may also involve crafts made from various materials including banned materials.
1877:
leaves are used to create a variety of weaved and craft products. These skills and knowledge involving craftsmanship such as selecting materials and methods reflect the identities and socio-cultural development of these local communities.
1326:: There are also a plethora of other forms of weaponry in the Malay arsenal, all were nevertheless equally revered in a correlating manner as the kris. The Malays would classified the traditional weapons under seven different structures:
2306:, where it is displayed on the floors of shopping malls and public areas in Malaysia. It is considered to be the distinctive art form in celebration of this occasion and a symbol of the celebration of the Indian community in Malaysia.
762:
Malaysian dance is also tremendously diverse, as each ethnic group has its own dances. Among the ethnic Malay majority, there are several traditional dances performed widely at cultural festivals and other special occasions, such as
2935:
to celebrate and preserve the local arts, culture and heritage. Aside from wall art, several wrought iron caricatures, each depicting a unique aspect of George Town's history and culture, have been installed throughout the city.
2133:: Symbolising spirituality, prosperity, and honour, flower garlands are an important part of worship and are believed to ward off bad spirits. Other than for offerings, gifts, or souvenirs, flower garlands, also locally known as
2597:
to create these beautiful accessories. While in East Malaysia, wood, snail skin, bones, animal teeth and leather were used to the same effect. With modern technology, materials like pearls and pewter are also being used.
864:
Theatrical arts in Malaysia has its root in traditional rituals but also serves as entertainment. Notable Malaysian performing art include ritual dances, dance drama that retells ancient epics, legends, and stories; also
2289:. This practice is usually done either to perfume and refresh the body, enhance the complexion and beautify the skin. In fact, this ritual bath is synonymous with weddings or as an effort to attract the man's attention.
2613:
indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.
2485:
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becoming one of the most photographed spots in the city. Besides, artistic performance, such as dance, music and theatre, as well as animation, photography and painting, have also been included in the festival.
2301:
is a form of drawing that is drawn by using rice flour, chalk, chalk powder, or rock powder, often using naturally or synthetically coloured powders. This colourful artwork is usually found during the month of
447:
sculpture, and street art. Many of them attaining international recognition for their artworks and exhibitions worldwide, combining styles from all over the world with the traditional Malaysian traditions.
2280:
leaves that are finely sliced and mixed with perfume. It gives special therapy to the ceremony held and is very well placed in the bridal room as an important part of Malay customs and traditions. Besides
2554:(wooden clogs) were a common sight in many Malaysian households in the past. Nowadays, there are only a handful of clog-makers left, mainly concentrated in cities like Penang and Malacca. Compared to the
5077:
2575:
are intricate and finely stitched, a testimony to the fine workmanship of yesteryears. The intricacy and fine workmanship of a pair of the beaded slipper is also a hallmark of highly accomplished
1079:
has contributed to the spread of this martial art in the Malay archipelago. Through a complex maze of sea channels and river capillaries that facilitated exchange and trade throughout the region,
1533:
the shadow cast by the panels would also create a shadow based on the motives of adding beauty to the floor. Thus, the carved components are performed for both functional and aesthetic purposes.
525:
Malaysians have diverse kinds of music, dance, theatre, and martial arts which are fusions of different cultural influences. Typical genres range from traditional Malay folk dance dramas such as
1529:, is hailed as an act of devotion of the craftsmen to the creator and a gift to his fellowmen. With the coming of Islam, geometric and Islamic calligraphy became dominant in Malay wood carving.
1217:
techniques, in which the traditional methods can still be witnessed until today. There are also a number of other prominent items in the Malay regalia cast in gold, including ceremonial box,
1118:
remains guarded by secrecy, seldom shown to the public, and rarely taught outside the community. Though traditionally passed within the family, it has dwindled in popularity among the young.
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5481:
5087:
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in its forest. These wicker products were mainly weaved by women as a pastime hobby while the men were doing manual labour jobs like fishing, farming, or smithing. Examples include
1245:. Among the common traditional Malay items usually made of silver includes pillow ends, belt buckles, matt corners, stoppers for water vessels, kris sheaths, and tobacco boxes. The
613:
of Malay courts since the arrival of Islam in the 15th century and only performed in important court ceremonies. Its orchestra includes the sacred and highly revered instruments of
1285:
2211:. This artform is applied as building decorations such as interior ornamentations, decoration for mosques or temples, signages, books, currency and old manuscripts among others.
5491:
2189:
is an art that prevails in Malaysia for about 700 years ago as evidenced by the stone inscription encountered at Kuala Berang, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu. The stone named
1757:
3537:
2813:
968:: Dance, drama and traditional music in Malaysia are usually merged as a whole complete of performing art form. The traditional Malaysian dance drama art form includes;
2788:
2947:
created a series of wall murals depicting local Malaysian culture, inhabitants and lifestyles. These murals now stand as celebrated cultural landmarks of the historic
1227:(a peculiar Malay dagger). In the contemporary era, the Malay gold jewels are mainly found in the form of anklets, bracelets, rings, necklaces, pendants and earrings.
775:. In the royal courts, there are also a series of complex court dances developed throughout the centuries which require great skill. Some of the more widely known are
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5041:
3816:
1712:
is shaped like an elongated boat, but some unusual shapes like a swan or mystical bird are also crafted in order to create a sense of authenticity to the craft.
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of Sarawak, have long carved the casques as precious ornaments. It is also believed that the hornbill-ivory rings would change colour when near poisonous food.
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from east coast of Sabah. Today, this tradition is on the brink of extinction, with very few able craftsmen still practising this rare old building technique.
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4996:
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henna on her fingers. Even though the art originated from India, the use of henna on fingers and toes are considered a part of indigenous Malay culture.
22:
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2114:
is the use of various shapes of local leaves instead of the customary four-sided paper. The leaf origami designs are more complex and time-consuming.
5036:
4061:
5326:
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Malaysia is fortunate to have natural resources that can contribute to the income and economy of the local communities. Forest products such as
5501:
5097:
5406:
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Several design elements of traditional Malaysian art are adapted to modern structures to reflect the Malaysian identity. The entrance to the
335:
1320:
without a kris outside of his house. The absence of a kris on a man was frowned upon, perceived as if he were parading naked to the public.
5441:
5421:
5381:
5306:
2022:, both smooth and faceted beads were used to form the pattern. Nowadays, the bead size commonly in use for Peranakan beadworks is bigger.
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5386:
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1050:
Archaeological evidence reveals that, by the 6th century, formalised combat arts were being practised in Malaysia. The earliest forms of
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4210:
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1899:: Malaysia's main traditional craft is definitely the creation of various wicker handicrafts from the abundance of bamboo, rattan, and
3664:
3958:
2248:
was the material of choice for making the handles of kris by the Malays. Elephant ivory is the most important source, but ivory from
1798:
in Kampung Pasir Durian, Hulu Tembeling, Pahang and several places in Sarawak. Sarawak pottery has a very distinct and exotic look.
1723:
beetles, and termites. Some Malaysian wooden furnitures may also include traditional Malay wood carving and other decorative items.
4331:
4170:
4086:
2104:: Woven with leaves, the art of leaf origami is a heritage of various ethnic groups in Malaysia. Woven leaves are transformed into
2056:
has been a part of Malaysian art scenes. Made with transparent paper and bamboo frame, the vibrant lanterns would be lit up during
2018:(Peranakan beaded slippers) and other Peranakan artefacts such as wedding veils, handbags, belts, tapestries, and pouches. For the
5026:
4550:
2341:: Traditional Malaysian costume varies between the different regions, but the most profound traditional dress in modern-day are
1783:
influence prior to the 19th century, a paradox considering the vast cultural contact between the Malays and the outside world.
372:. Art has a long tradition in Malaysia, with Malay art that dating back to the Malay sultanates, has always been influenced by
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257:
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2256:, a species of hornbill endemic to the Malay peninsula and Borneo. Indigenous peoples in the hornbill's range, such as the
2507:(Bornean eggplant flower), which is the first tattoo an Iban individual would receive to mark the Iban tradition known as
2150:
as well as for traditional tribal costumes. Nowadays, leather is also used in making bags, wallets, clothes, shoes, etc.
2080:
of material items for the deceased. Malaysian Chinese still very strongly following this tradition, especially among the
3600:
2362:
2110:
roofing, cigarette, decorations and food wrappers. The only difference between the leaf origami and the modern Japanese
4483:
4402:
4195:
3824:
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502:
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Different Malaysian regions are known for their unique signature dishes— Terengganu and Kelantan for their east coast
1386:("An arm", a large saber from the length of the shoulders to the tips of the fingers, constituting the Malay saber of
4578:
4175:
3274:
3163:
3088:
328:
1233:: The works of silver are fairly known for its sophisticated and fine designs. It is usually crafted in the form of
4148:
3904:
2127:
is regarded as the symbol of celebration by various indigenous ethnic groups in the country, from Perlis to Sabah.
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3842:
Spirit of wood: the art of Malay woodcarving : works by master carvers from Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pattani
1961:
557:
4392:
4215:
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498:
1954:
kites are designed to create a specific sound as they are buffeted about in the wind), and altitude (how high a
1892:. The bamboo frame is covered with plain paper and then decorated with multiple layers of shaped paper and foil.
399:
Colonialism also brought other art forms, such as Portuguese dances and music. During this era, influences from
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2515:
is a journey of knowledge and wisdom, where an individual would leave their longhouse to experience the world.
1997:
women painstakingly stitch fine beads onto costumes, purses, handkerchiefs, and slippers creating high valued
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4500:
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wood, a heavy hardwood growing only on the Malay peninsula. Among well-known Malaysian traditional boats are
203:
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are the result of cultural interchange between seafaring and trading civilisations. These boats are made of
583:
provide the beat for many dances. There are also drums of various sizes, ranging from the large Kelantanese
4446:
4108:
2917:
2190:
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1253:(vegetal motives) are among the popular designs for Malay decorative silver pillow ends and tobacco boxes.
605:
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549:. These different types of Malaysian performance art reflects the diverse cultural groups within Malaysia.
470:
321:
105:
1114:, a martial art passed down by their ancestors and practised from generation and generation. Until today,
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4432:
4301:
4180:
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is a traditional temporary dye used to adorn the body, especially during weddings. In Malay culture, the
1923:, which continues to be popular not only as functional tools but also as ornaments to adorn houses with.
1635:
occasions, the dancers would wear masks to honour the spirits. Among hundreds of tribes in Malaysia, the
1167:
150:
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are usually made from wood. A great skill of craftsmanship is required to produce the most competitive
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82:
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is specifically referring to the intricately designed Malaysian kite from the east coast of Malaysia.
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4362:
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2014:
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On the other hand, traditional carvings of the Iban of Sarawak remain without outside influence. The
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abundant have inspired the motives to be depicted in an abstract or styled form on the timber board.
408:
1468:), which are distinct from the seven class of armaments. Additionally, the Malays also would deploy
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1946:-flying competitions take place across the country with judges awarding points for craftsmanship (
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are believed to have been developed and used in the armed forces of the ancient Malay kingdoms of
439:. Despite the influences of aboard, the indigenous art of Malaysia continues to survive among the
5527:
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calligraphy carving found in Southeast Asia. Some common calligraphic styles in Malaysia are the
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and traditional life as well as the colonial landscape of many heritage sites in the country.
411:, were also visible especially in terms of fashion and architecture in many colonial towns of
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4261:
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1400:("A hand", a sword with the diameter measured from the elbow to the three fingers, including
1214:
490:
353:
155:
3264:
1374:("A body", weapon in the similar dimension of a human body, referred to the Malay spears of
1305:
the past, craftsmen would take several months to make a blowpipe using traditional methods.
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1698:(top), some of which spin for two hours at a time. On the other hand, the Malay variant of
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is also practised by Malays, mainly in the northern region of Malaysia. It is a variant of
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8:
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There are four distinctive types of shadow puppet theatre that can be found in Malaysia;
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131:
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2012:, which are faceted glass beads imported from Europe. These beads were used to make the
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1358:("A gun", a weapon with metal tube propelled by an ammunition, with the Malay forms of
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which is believed to have been spread in mainland Southeast Asia since the time of the
286:
238:
193:
3761:
The Malay handloom weavers: a study of the rise and decline of traditional manufacture
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denote a regional influence infused with the Javanese and Siamese respectively, while
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1171:
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888:
389:
385:
223:
218:
198:
165:
52:
5296:
5291:
5092:
4971:
4966:
4846:
4659:
4276:
3683:
3283:
2906:
2849:
2076:
Another common practice among Malaysians that use crafted papers is the burning of
2061:
2057:
2042:
1360:
1102:
1076:
466:
462:
271:
2478:
5451:
5371:
5201:
5191:
4986:
4941:
4921:
4911:
4811:
4718:
4618:
4603:
4296:
4066:
3387:
100 Malaysian Timbers, published by Malaysian Timber Industry Board, 1986, p16/17
3104:
2976:
2902:
2879:
2718:
2430:
2219:
1801:
1636:
1072:
1068:
852:
726:
474:
309:
89:
3926:
1950:
kites are beautiful, colourful floral motif craft set on bamboo frames), sound (
1203:
have all been perfectly moulded to become part and parcel to the Malay society.
5416:
5376:
5351:
5256:
5011:
4926:
4906:
4791:
4781:
4407:
4012:
4007:
2885:
2804:
2661:
2489:
2261:
2249:
1746:
1491:
980:
872:
846:
662:
412:
400:
365:
46:
30:
3009:
1639:
of Selangor is the most well known for their traditional wood carving skills.
1506:
1083:
wound its way into the dense rainforest and up into the mountains. Apart from
5516:
5496:
5461:
5346:
5331:
5281:
5221:
5206:
5115:
5056:
4991:
4956:
4891:
4871:
4861:
4821:
4806:
4801:
4644:
4128:
4026:
4002:
3713:
3608:
2932:
2778:
served with various herbs, fish meat-stuffed pepper, salted egg, fried fish,
2630:
2195:
2025:
1765:
1719:
1606:
1561:
1465:
1344:
1293:
as seen third from the left, among the rest of the Perak royal regalia, 1907.
1268:
1141:
746:
610:
545:
436:
208:
38:
3932:
Ten Important Artworks That Paints a Vivid Picture of the Malaysian Identity
2482:
in Sarawak; as well as various woven and non-woven tribal clothes in Sabah.
1576:: Terengganu is the centre of boat building in the Malay peninsula. The two
1156:
5336:
5316:
5276:
5246:
5241:
5211:
5196:
5186:
5016:
4976:
4951:
4931:
4866:
4841:
4831:
4816:
4670:
3065:
2869:, wherein the characters are controlled by the puppeteer, locally known as
2865:
2331:
2175:
2147:
2135:
1919:
1684:
1671:
1600:
1588:
1582:
1043:
1033:
905:
878:
841:
783:
572:
510:
428:
361:
357:
291:
63:
58:
26:
3206:
MEK MULUNG: Kesenian Perantaraan Manusia dan Kuasa Ghaib Warisan Kedah Tua
2873:. Since 2000, the Malaysian animation industry has gone far globally when
2214:
5396:
5361:
5311:
5301:
5271:
5261:
5231:
5226:
5216:
5125:
4936:
4901:
4856:
4851:
4760:
3688:
2774:
2745:
2735:
2713:
2707:
2624:
2618:
2370:
2355:
2343:
2186:
2077:
1818:: The Peranakans of Penang and Malacca are well known for their artistic
1612:
1474:
1434:("A grab", the smallest in the category, the hand-sized blade, including
1338:
1330:("Direct", the large and heavy artillery, including the Malay cannons of
1219:
1131:
923:
917:
900:
899:: Indian and Javanese influences are strong in the traditional Malaysian
883:
804:
678:
618:
601:) used as an accompaniment to vocal recitations in religious ceremonies.
579:
Traditional Malaysian music is mostly percussion based. Various kinds of
539:
537:
dances. Choreographed movements also vary from simple steps and tunes in
381:
373:
3434:"George Town Festival's secret to success? Penang first, tourism second"
2380:: Men's headgears in Malaysia can be categorized into three categories:
1234:
1210:
5356:
5286:
5251:
5181:
2655:
2460:
2454:
2252:
and other animals are used as well. Hornbill ivory is derived from the
2162:
2034:
1934:
1631:
1183:
1098:
1057:
1010:
837:
598:
506:
440:
377:
140:
3781:. Skudai, Johor Darul Ta'zim: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
5341:
5266:
5167:
3779:
The architectural heritage of the Malay world: the traditional houses
3265:
Tim Bunnell, Lisa Barbara Welch Drummond & Kong-Chong Ho (2002).
2795:
2466:
2382:
2303:
2272:
1986:
1928:
1887:
1833:
1819:
1807:
1366:
1162:
1094:
1089:
1016:
798:
740:
688:
588:
404:
360:, is very similar with the other styles from Southeast Asia, such as
42:
3936:
3510:"The good, bad and ugly of street artist Ernest Zacharevic's murals"
1926:
Kite is the most popular traditional Malaysian craft. Although both
1555:
1038:
5391:
4649:
3967:
3776:
2897:
2891:
2667:
2649:
2230:
2038:
2001:
1859:
1729:: The art of making charcoal was brought in by the Japanese during
1511:
1440:
1315:
is one of the most revered items of Malay weaponry. By the time of
1238:
1130:
is adorned with contemporary Malay motifs adapted from traditional
974:
911:
836:
from Sabah. While the Chinese communities retain their traditional
698:
527:
266:
243:
34:
3246:
2845:
2841:
2701:
2688:
2677:
2533:
2472:
2424:
2388:
2236:
2118:
2111:
2093:
2053:
1823:
porcelain made in China such as bright yellow, green, pink, etc.
1786:
There are four main areas of earthenware production in Malaysia;
1742:
1700:
1690:
1594:
1457:
1392:
1350:
1332:
1301:
1136:
832:
650:
634:
626:
432:
424:
3742:
Malaysian shadow play and music: continuity of an oral tradition
3123:
71:
2948:
2921:
2824:
2799:
2723:
2683:
2635:
2590:
2579:
as well as one of the requirements to get married in the past.
2408:
2394:
2349:
2257:
2030:
1981:
1980:: Borneo has long been associated with products made of beads.
1913:
1881:
1854:
1850:
1487:
1479:
1242:
1196:
1110:
994:
818:
668:
593:
443:
of peninsular and numerous ethnic groups in Sarawak and Sabah.
420:
416:
4729:
3052:"Bermukun, adat Melayu Sarawak yang tidak lapuk ditelan zaman"
2909:, is seen as the best animation that portrays Malaysian arts.
2285:, the Malays also use flowers during the ritual bath known as
3669:
Design in the Context of Cultural Changes in Modern Malaysia"
3414:
2905:, based on the characters of international-known cartoonist,
2751:
2646:
2640:
2594:
2522:
2297:
2245:
2106:
1769:
1426:
1408:
1402:
1200:
1170:. It was offered by the northern Malay states to the King of
1108:
On the other hand, in Sarawak, the Ibans are known for their
1052:
1029:
1004:
789:
771:
765:
712:
580:
563:
533:
5136:
2586:
2550:
1846:
1750:
1421:
1312:
1264:
1263:, and for constructing certain musical instruments such as
1224:
1192:
1188:
1175:
646:
642:
2838:
recognition for their artworks and exhibitions worldwide.
2087:
1805:
An enamel porcelain tea tray with a traditional Peranakan
1452:). Other items in the traditional Malay weaponry includes
2567:
are highly valued in Malaysia, and can cost thousands of
1756:
1665:
656:
Traditional Malaysian music also include; Johor with its
3234:
3032:
3315:. Syarikat Pemasaran Karyaneka Sdn. Bhd. Archived from
3203:
3153:
3135:
3111:
3355:
3269:. Singapore: Time Media Private Limited. p. 201.
2398:, a type of cap made from velvet worn by Muslims; and
2276:
is a mixture of several types of selected flowers and
1649:: Producing traditional Malaysian instruments such as
3927:
Knowledge of Art in Malaysian Contemporary Visual Art
1209:: The art of casting gold were predominantly done by
3644:
3178:
3129:
2966:
2653:; Penang, Kedah and Perlis for their northern-style
3763:, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies,
3563:
Seni Silat Melayu: Sejarah, Perkembangan dan Budaya
3343:
3222:
2234:identity. The most common paintings usually depict
962:narrated a more indigenous Malay form and fashion.
384:arts, and also present, due to large population of
3560:
3402:
3252:
3020:
2386:, which is a piece of cloth tied around the head;
591:) used to punctuate important events to the small
3390:
2464:in Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca;
2041:and modern lights during the 30 nights following
5514:
3629:World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia
3331:
3294:"Malaysia Handicrafts ~ Gold Silver & Brass"
3267:Critical reflections on cities in Southeast Asia
2334:of interior Sabah in traditional tribal costume.
1837:and Chinese restaurants throughout the country.
25:, Seni Kelantan, 1958, Oil on canvas; depicting
3758:
3720:
3420:
2073:lamps, goldfish and durian are also available.
946:. Nonetheless, the art and the storytelling of
3373:
3304:
1682:: Popular traditional Malaysian games such as
927:tales formed the main repertoire of the play.
744:; Terengganu with its middle-eastern inspired
469:and Europeans, played a major role in forming
5152:
4745:
3952:
3078:
329:
3858:
3777:Mohamad Tajuddin Haji Mohamad Rasdi (2005).
3456:
2008:women used a specific type of bead known as
1764:, a classic Malaysian gourd-shaped jar from
3535:
2827:served during special occasions in Sarawak.
2499:: The Dayaks of Borneo are known for their
5159:
5145:
4752:
4738:
3959:
3945:
3877:Srinivasa, Kodaganallur Ramaswami (2003),
3815:Niza, Syefiri Moniz Mohd. (10 June 2016).
3723:A design guide of public parks in Malaysia
3598:
3565:. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
3361:
1790:in Kampung Mambong, Kuala Krai, Kelantan,
336:
322:
3876:
3800:. Singapore: Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.
3687:
3623:
3579:
3396:
3240:
3117:
3038:
2541:used in Malaysian households in the past.
1969:(ceremonial purse) with velvet weave and
1063:The influence of the Malay sultanates of
3840:Noor, Farish Ahmad; Khoo, Eddin (2003).
3839:
3156:Emotions of culture: a Malay perspective
2911:
2840:
2532:
2484:
2361:
2326:
2213:
2161:
2086:
2024:
1960:
1880:
1800:
1755:
1708:is also made from wood. The most common
1664:
1618:
1565:, a traditional Malay boat displayed in
1554:
1505:
1284:
1155:
1037:
871:
556:
88:
70:
51:
17:
3894:
3739:
3682:. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia: 63–94.
3349:
3141:
1749:, and literally refers to all forms of
921:, as well as stories from the Javanese
796:Other well-known Malaysian dances are;
5515:
3662:
3647:The Malay Shadow Play: An Introduction
3408:
5140:
4733:
3966:
3940:
3895:Zakaria, Faizal Izzani (2016-09-03).
3861:Early civilizations of Southeast Asia
3795:
3704:James, Michael (1994). "Black Belt".
3703:
3676:Wacana Seni Journal of Arts Discourse
3310:
3228:
3154:Wazir-Jahan Begum Karim, ed. (1990).
3026:
2863:has origins in the puppetry style of
1540:such as hornbill effigy carving, the
461:Various cultural influences, notably
4398:States and municipalities by exports
4087:2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis
3814:
3538:"The Guardian picks Little Children"
3337:
2448:in Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang;
1993:In the peninsula on the other hand,
1917:(Iban woven hat) to rattan ball for
869:, a traditional shadow puppet show.
3817:"Keris masih simbol paling penting"
3507:
3426:
3016:. Mar 22, 2011 – via YouTube.
2832:
1490:) as defence mechanisms during the
909:. The stories from Indian epics of
886:) that narrated the heroic tale of
13:
3920:
3459:"Hin Bus Depot – Derelict No More"
3183:. Partridge Publishing Singapore.
2875:Multimedia Development Corporation
120:
14:
5539:
3897:"Keris jiwa Melayu dan Nusantara"
2065:Malaysia-themed lanterns such as
1794:in Sayong, Kuala Kangsar, Perak,
1718:: The southern Malaysian city of
1510:A 19th century Iban carving of a
1223:(a betel container) and parts of
543:to the more complicated moves in
520:
5120:
5111:
5110:
4047:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
3859:O'Reilly, Dougald J. W. (2007),
3844:. Singapore: Periplus Editions.
3631:, New York: Marshall Cavendish,
3204:Zinitulniza Abdul Kadir (2014).
3181:One Hundred and One Things Malay
3083:. Institute of Southeast Asian.
2969:
2812:
2787:
2766:
1938:translated as kites in English,
303:
4759:
3665:"A Study on the Development of
3601:"Pusaka, Rahsia Dan Dzat Keris"
3582:Malaysia Brunei & Singapore
3554:
3536:Winnie Yeoh (3 November 2013).
3529:
3501:
3476:
3450:
3381:
3367:
3258:
3197:
3172:
3147:
2939:In 2012, as part of the annual
2901:. Among these, it is said that
2794:A plate of traditional Kadazan
2501:traditional method of tattooing
2309:
450:
5482:British Indian Ocean Territory
5078:British Indian Ocean Territory
3881:, Singapore: Sahitya Academy,
3740:Matusky, Patricia Ann (1993).
3725:. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit UTM.
3097:
3081:Boria: A Form of Malay Theatre
3072:
3058:
3044:
3002:
1827:made for use in China itself.
1623:A Mah Meri spider spirit mask.
1580:(big boat) of Terengganu, the
1023:
844:, while Indian dances include
1:
5166:
4018:Japanese occupation of Malaya
3645:Ghulam Sarwar Yousof (1997),
3508:Lim, Serene (24 April 2015).
3179:Ghulam-Sarwar Yousof (2015).
2995:
2699:; Selangor and Johor for its
2321:Traditional Malaysian costume
1704:board game, locally known as
1121:
609:music has been a part of the
4332:State legislative assemblies
4052:Sarawak communist insurgency
3879:Asian variations in Ramayana
3599:Angahsunan (July 16, 2017).
2918:Armenian Street, George Town
2369:during a state visit to the
2191:Terengganu Inscription Stone
2168:Terengganu Inscription Stone
1416:("A hold", smaller than the
1178:) as a symbol of allegiance.
1151:
97:'s wrought-iron caricatures.
7:
4551:Water supply and sanitation
4077:1997 Asian financial crisis
3798:West Malaysia and Singapore
3744:. Oxford University Press.
3561:Abd. Rahman Ismail (2008).
3376:7 Kelas Senjata Alam Melayu
3158:. Oxford University Press.
3010:"For Sale – CountryHeights"
2962:
2916:"Children on a Bicycle" at
2848:'s airplane decorated with
2638:-based cuisines, including
2634:; Pahang and Perak for its
1610:from Terengganu as well as
1280:
666:; Negeri Sembilan with its
645:), and sometimes a knobbed
10:
5544:
4114:Cities, towns and villages
4072:1988 constitutional crisis
3584:. New Holland Publishers.
2852:'s creations as a tribute.
2671:; Negeri Sembilan for its
2605:
2601:
2316:Malaysian cultural outfits
2313:
1885:Making of the traditional
1736:
1144:inspired by images of the
1027:
859:
454:
5470:
5430:
5174:
5106:
5065:
5025:
4767:
4684:
4637:
4564:
4454:
4445:
4353:
4344:
4242:
4233:
4104:
4095:
3978:
3863:, Rowman Altamira Press,
3706:Black Belt. Buyer's Guide
3580:Alexander, James (2006).
3130:Ghulam Sarwar Yousof 1997
2091:Unopened bunch of boiled
2052:: For centuries, Chinese
1985:important role among the
1971:Peranakan glass cut beads
724:; Penang with its unique
567:player performing at the
352:is primarily composed of
27:Wayang Kulit Siam puppets
5237:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4827:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4604:Malay ethnic nationalism
4062:Second Malayan Emergency
3759:Maznah Mohammad (1996),
3721:Jamil Abu Bakar (2002).
3708:. Rainbow Publications.
2153:
1840:
757:
552:
457:Architecture of Malaysia
75:A swan-shaped Malaysian
5492:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5088:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3663:Hassan, Hanisa (2016).
3374:Kerawang Merah (2017),
3253:Abd. Rahman Ismail 2008
2990:Visual art of Singapore
1497:
1020:in Malacca and Penang.
531:to the Arab-influenced
4403:Science and technology
3484:"Street art in Penang"
3079:Rahmah Bujang (1987).
3014:The Art of Living Show
2925:
2853:
2782:and marinated chicken.
2542:
2493:
2374:
2335:
2223:
2179:
2098:
2046:
1974:
1911:(pandanus straw mat),
1893:
1812:
1773:
1676:
1624:
1570:
1515:
1294:
1179:
1047:
893:
576:
471:Malaysian architecture
394:Malaysian demographics
125:
98:
86:
68:
49:
4057:Singapore in Malaysia
3796:Moore, Wendy (1998).
3457:Nicole Chang (2017).
3298:Go2Travelmalaysia.com
2956:Children on a Bicycle
2915:
2861:Animation in Malaysia
2844:
2536:
2492:woman's tattoo, 1912.
2488:
2365:
2330:
2217:
2165:
2090:
2028:
1964:
1884:
1804:
1759:
1668:
1622:
1558:
1509:
1430:in the category) and
1288:
1249:(cloud patterns) and
1159:
1041:
875:
702:; Sarawak with their
560:
124:
92:
74:
55:
47:Gasing (spinning top)
21:
5407:United Arab Emirates
5002:United Arab Emirates
4433:World Bank Relations
4171:World Heritage Sites
4149:environmental issues
4032:Federation of Malaya
3689:10.21315/ws2016.15.3
3649:, The Asian Centre,
3611:on 23 September 2017
3421:Maznah Mohammad 1996
2943:, Lithuanian artist
2941:George Town Festival
2193:possesses the first
2029:Illumination of the
1958:kite can be flown).
1873:, coconut shell and
1731:occupation of Malaya
1146:tropical rainforests
1128:Petronas Twin Towers
1002:in Negeri Sembilan;
876:A Kelantanese style
734:; Selangor with its
676:; Kelantan with its
292:Pledge of Allegiance
5432:States with limited
5029:limited recognition
4201:Peninsular Malaysia
3625:Cavendish, Marshall
3107:. 15 November 2022.
3068:. 15 November 2022.
2985:Culture of Malaysia
2952:World Heritage Site
2010:Peranakan cut beads
1527:Malaysian languages
686:; Sabah with their
660:; Malacca with its
627:double-headed drums
310:Malaysia portal
114:Culture of Malaysia
95:George Town, Penang
4521:Malaysian diaspora
4413:Telecommunications
4042:Malaysia Agreement
3998:Portuguese Malacca
3907:on 1 December 2017
3827:on 1 December 2017
3054:. January 3, 2018.
2926:
2854:
2693:peranakan cuisines
2543:
2494:
2375:
2367:Tunku Abdul Rahman
2336:
2224:
2209:Indian calligraphy
2180:
2099:
2047:
1975:
1894:
1813:
1774:
1677:
1647:Musical instrument
1625:
1571:
1516:
1295:
1267:for the classical
1180:
1048:
894:
577:
513:from the west and
126:
99:
87:
69:
67:sailing butterfly.
50:
5510:
5509:
5474:other territories
5134:
5133:
5071:other territories
4727:
4726:
4680:
4679:
4506:Income inequality
4501:Human trafficking
4441:
4440:
4340:
4339:
4322:Political parties
4267:Foreign relations
4229:
4228:
4037:Malayan Emergency
3888:978-81-260-1809-3
3870:978-0-7591-0278-1
3851:978-0-7946-0103-4
3807:978-962-593-179-1
3788:978-983-52-0357-2
3770:978-981-3016-99-6
3751:978-967-65-3048-6
3732:978-983-52-0274-2
3656:978-983-9499-02-5
3638:978-0-7614-7631-3
3591:978-1-86011-309-3
3572:978-983-62-9934-5
3215:978-96-743-0772-1
3190:978-14-828-5534-0
2945:Ernest Zacharevic
2821:kek lapis Sarawak
2807:as an appetizer.
2758:kek lapis Sarawak
2697:Eurasian cuisines
2608:Malaysian cuisine
2254:helmeted hornbill
2166:A replica of the
1990:interpretations.
889:Hikayat Seri Rama
808:from Terengganu;
716:; Perak with its
346:
345:
81:displayed in the
56:The Terengganuan
23:Nik Zainal Abidin
5535:
5487:Christmas Island
5472:Dependencies and
5175:Sovereign states
5161:
5154:
5147:
5138:
5137:
5124:
5114:
5113:
5083:Christmas Island
4769:Sovereign states
4754:
4747:
4740:
4731:
4730:
4707:
4700:
4693:
4452:
4451:
4388:
4351:
4350:
4240:
4239:
4102:
4101:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3938:
3937:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3903:. Archived from
3891:
3873:
3855:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3823:. Archived from
3811:
3792:
3773:
3755:
3736:
3717:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3691:
3673:
3659:
3641:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3607:. Archived from
3595:
3576:
3548:
3547:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3438:Channel NewsAsia
3430:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3365:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3319:on 24 March 2018
3308:
3302:
3301:
3290:
3281:
3280:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3151:
3145:
3144:, pp. 8–11.
3139:
3133:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3006:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2833:Contemporary art
2816:
2791:
2770:
2577:Peranakan Nyonya
2558:, the colourful
2353:(for women) and
2062:Lantern Festival
2058:Chinese New Year
2043:Chinese New Year
2004:. Historically,
1745:is derived from
1716:Wooden furniture
1420:, a dagger with
1103:Kingdom of Funan
515:southern Chinese
493:from the north,
481:from the south,
338:
331:
324:
308:
307:
306:
161:Multiculturalism
123:
101:
100:
5543:
5542:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5475:
5473:
5466:
5447:Northern Cyprus
5435:
5433:
5426:
5217:Burma (Myanmar)
5170:
5165:
5135:
5130:
5102:
5070:
5061:
5042:Northern Cyprus
5028:
5021:
4763:
4758:
4728:
4723:
4710:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4676:
4633:
4624:Public holidays
4560:
4541:Sex trafficking
4437:
4386:
4336:
4302:Law enforcement
4225:
4091:
4067:13 May incident
3974:
3965:
3923:
3921:Further reading
3910:
3908:
3889:
3871:
3852:
3830:
3828:
3808:
3789:
3771:
3752:
3733:
3694:
3692:
3671:
3657:
3639:
3614:
3612:
3592:
3573:
3557:
3552:
3551:
3534:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3506:
3502:
3492:
3490:
3488:Time Out Penang
3482:
3481:
3477:
3467:
3465:
3455:
3451:
3442:
3440:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3419:
3415:
3407:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3368:
3362:Angahsunan 2017
3360:
3356:
3348:
3344:
3336:
3332:
3322:
3320:
3309:
3305:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3263:
3259:
3251:
3247:
3239:
3235:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3202:
3198:
3191:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3152:
3148:
3140:
3136:
3128:
3124:
3116:
3112:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3091:
3077:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3041:, p. 1220.
3037:
3033:
3025:
3021:
3008:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2977:Malaysia portal
2975:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2903:The Kampung Boy
2886:Upin & Ipin
2880:The Kampung Boy
2835:
2828:
2817:
2808:
2805:sandwich breads
2792:
2783:
2771:
2675:-based dishes,
2610:
2604:
2318:
2312:
2244:: In the past,
2220:Malaysian batik
2218:The drawing of
2156:
1909:tikar mengkuang
1843:
1739:
1727:Charcoal making
1669:Two unfinished
1630:: According to
1500:
1462:busur dan panah
1376:tongkat panjang
1283:
1154:
1142:timber carvings
1124:
1060:(2nd century).
1036:
1026:
897:Shadow Puppetry
862:
760:
555:
523:
517:from the east.
459:
453:
342:
304:
302:
121:
12:
11:
5:
5541:
5531:
5530:
5528:Art by country
5525:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5478:
5476:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5438:
5436:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5164:
5163:
5156:
5149:
5141:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5118:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5074:
5072:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5033:
5031:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4773:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4757:
4756:
4749:
4742:
4734:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4709:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4455:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4408:Stock exchange
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4382:
4380:Federal budget
4377:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4360:
4354:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4327:Prime Minister
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4252:Shadow Cabinet
4249:
4243:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4196:National parks
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4139:climate change
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4015:
4013:British Borneo
4010:
4008:British Malaya
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3964:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3892:
3887:
3874:
3869:
3856:
3850:
3837:
3812:
3806:
3793:
3787:
3774:
3769:
3756:
3750:
3737:
3731:
3718:
3701:
3660:
3655:
3642:
3637:
3621:
3596:
3590:
3577:
3571:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3528:
3500:
3475:
3463:Penang Monthly
3449:
3425:
3413:
3401:
3397:Alexander 2006
3389:
3380:
3366:
3354:
3342:
3330:
3303:
3282:
3275:
3257:
3255:, p. 188.
3245:
3243:, p. 225.
3241:Alexander 2006
3233:
3221:
3214:
3196:
3189:
3171:
3164:
3146:
3134:
3122:
3120:, p. 296.
3118:Srinivasa 2003
3110:
3096:
3089:
3071:
3057:
3043:
3039:Cavendish 2007
3031:
3019:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2964:
2961:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2818:
2811:
2809:
2793:
2786:
2784:
2772:
2765:
2662:char kway teow
2606:Main article:
2603:
2600:
2314:Main article:
2311:
2308:
2155:
2152:
2123:Nevertheless,
1907:(dish cover),
1842:
1839:
1738:
1735:
1628:Wood engraving
1544:(shield), the
1499:
1496:
1492:armed conflict
1324:Other weaponry
1282:
1279:
1153:
1150:
1123:
1120:
1105:(68 AD).
1046:demonstration.
1025:
1022:
861:
858:
847:bharata natyam
822:from Sarawak;
802:from Malacca;
759:
756:
663:dondang sayang
649:and a pair of
594:jingled-rebana
569:Central Market
554:
551:
522:
521:Performing art
519:
455:Main article:
452:
449:
344:
343:
341:
340:
333:
326:
318:
315:
314:
313:
312:
297:
296:
295:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
261:
260:
254:
253:
252:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
178:
177:
171:
170:
169:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
135:
134:
128:
127:
117:
116:
110:
109:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5540:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5523:Malaysian art
5521:
5520:
5518:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5469:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5457:South Ossetia
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5429:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5162:
5157:
5155:
5150:
5148:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5117:
5109:
5108:
5105:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5068:
5064:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5052:South Ossetia
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4755:
4750:
4748:
4743:
4741:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4484:Ethnic groups
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4393:States by GDP
4391:
4389:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4176:Hill stations
4174:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4154:deforestation
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4129:East Malaysia
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4027:Malayan Union
4025:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:Dutch Malacca
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3962:
3957:
3955:
3950:
3948:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3906:
3902:
3901:Utusan online
3898:
3893:
3890:
3884:
3880:
3875:
3872:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3826:
3822:
3821:Utusan online
3818:
3813:
3809:
3803:
3799:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3780:
3775:
3772:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3743:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3702:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3670:
3668:
3661:
3658:
3652:
3648:
3643:
3640:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3558:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3532:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3504:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3464:
3460:
3453:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3423:, p. 19.
3422:
3417:
3410:
3405:
3398:
3393:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3358:
3351:
3346:
3339:
3334:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3278:
3276:981-210-192-6
3272:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3249:
3242:
3237:
3231:, p. 73.
3230:
3225:
3217:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3192:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3167:
3165:01-958-8931-2
3161:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3138:
3131:
3126:
3119:
3114:
3106:
3100:
3092:
3090:99-719-8858-5
3086:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3061:
3053:
3047:
3040:
3035:
3029:, p. 48.
3028:
3023:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2967:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2934:
2933:Hin Bus Depot
2930:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2826:
2822:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2752:laksa Sarawak
2748:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2631:keropok lekor
2627:
2626:
2621:
2620:
2614:
2609:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2527:malam berinai
2524:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2505:bungai terung
2502:
2498:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2173:
2172:Muzium Negara
2169:
2164:
2160:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2096:
2095:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1935:layang-layang
1931:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1771:
1767:
1766:Kuala Kangsar
1763:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1687:
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1667:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1567:Muzium Negara
1564:
1563:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1466:bow and arrow
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1403:badik panjang
1399:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:Malay gamelan
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:Muzium Negara
1166:displayed in
1165:
1164:
1158:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1001:
997:
996:
991:
988:in Kelantan;
987:
983:
982:
977:
976:
971:
967:
963:
961:
957:
956:wayang Melayu
953:
949:
945:
941:
940:wayang Melayu
937:
933:
928:
926:
925:
920:
919:
914:
913:
908:
907:
902:
898:
891:
890:
885:
881:
880:
874:
870:
868:
857:
855:
854:
849:
848:
843:
839:
835:
834:
829:
825:
821:
820:
816:from Perlis,
815:
811:
807:
806:
801:
800:
794:
792:
791:
786:
785:
780:
779:
778:joget gamelan
774:
773:
768:
767:
755:
753:
749:
748:
743:
742:
737:
733:
729:
728:
723:
719:
715:
714:
709:
705:
701:
700:
695:
691:
690:
685:
681:
680:
675:
674:tumbuk kalang
671:
670:
665:
664:
659:
658:ghazal Melayu
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:royal regalia
608:
607:
602:
600:
596:
595:
590:
586:
582:
574:
570:
566:
565:
559:
550:
548:
547:
546:joget gamelan
542:
541:
536:
535:
530:
529:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
458:
448:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:Malaysian art
339:
334:
332:
327:
325:
320:
319:
317:
316:
311:
301:
300:
299:
298:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
263:
262:
259:
256:
255:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
209:Hawker centre
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
180:
179:
176:
173:
172:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
138:
137:
136:
133:
130:
129:
119:
118:
115:
112:
111:
107:
103:
102:
96:
91:
84:
83:Muzium Negara
80:
79:
73:
66:
65:
61:
60:
54:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
24:
20:
16:
5402:Turkmenistan
5367:Saudi Arabia
5321:
5067:Dependencies
4997:Turkmenistan
4962:Saudi Arabia
4761:Art of Asia
4705:Bibliography
4671:Rukun Negara
4669:
4579:Architecture
4573:
4531:Prostitution
4474:Demographics
4368:Central bank
4282:Human rights
4257:Constitution
4144:conservation
4082:1MDB scandal
3909:. Retrieved
3905:the original
3900:
3878:
3860:
3841:
3829:. Retrieved
3825:the original
3820:
3797:
3778:
3760:
3741:
3722:
3705:
3693:. Retrieved
3679:
3675:
3666:
3646:
3628:
3613:. Retrieved
3609:the original
3605:The Patriots
3604:
3581:
3562:
3555:Bibliography
3541:
3531:
3519:. Retrieved
3513:
3503:
3491:. Retrieved
3487:
3478:
3466:. Retrieved
3462:
3452:
3441:. Retrieved
3437:
3428:
3416:
3404:
3399:, p. 51
3392:
3383:
3375:
3369:
3357:
3350:Zakaria 2016
3345:
3333:
3321:. Retrieved
3317:the original
3313:"Metal Work"
3306:
3297:
3266:
3260:
3248:
3236:
3224:
3205:
3199:
3180:
3174:
3155:
3149:
3142:Matusky 1993
3137:
3132:, p. 3.
3125:
3113:
3099:
3080:
3074:
3060:
3046:
3034:
3022:
3013:
3004:
2955:
2938:
2928:
2927:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2870:
2866:wayang kulit
2864:
2856:
2855:
2836:
2819:A colourful
2803:served with
2798:
2779:
2773:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2682:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2645:
2639:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2573:Kasut maniks
2572:
2564:kasut maniks
2562:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2526:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2496:
2495:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2319:
2310:Folk costume
2296:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2283:bunga rampai
2282:
2277:
2273:Bunga rampai
2271:
2267:
2266:
2241:
2235:
2226:
2225:
2194:
2182:
2181:
2176:Kuala Lumpur
2157:
2148:wayang kulit
2143:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2117:
2116:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2092:
2078:paper models
2075:
2070:
2066:
2049:
2048:
2019:
2013:
2005:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1977:
1976:
1966:
1965:A Peranakan
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1920:sepak takraw
1918:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1886:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1844:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1761:
1740:
1726:
1725:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1680:Toy and game
1679:
1678:
1670:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1627:
1626:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1578:Perahu Besar
1577:
1574:Boatbuilding
1573:
1572:
1560:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1519:Wood carving
1518:
1517:
1501:
1483:
1473:
1472:, a type of
1469:
1461:
1453:
1450:kapak binjai
1449:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1339:ekor lontong
1337:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1274:
1273:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1230:
1229:
1218:
1206:
1205:
1181:
1161:
1135:
1134:, including
1125:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1062:
1051:
1049:
1044:silat Melayu
1034:Silat Melayu
1015:
1009:
1003:
999:
993:
989:
986:tok selampit
985:
979:
973:
969:
965:
964:
960:wayang gedek
959:
955:
951:
948:wayang purwa
947:
943:
939:
936:wayang purwa
935:
932:wayang gedek
931:
929:
922:
916:
910:
906:wayang kulit
904:
896:
895:
887:
879:wayang kulit
877:
867:wayang kulit
866:
863:
851:
845:
842:dragon dance
831:
827:
823:
817:
813:
809:
803:
797:
795:
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
761:
751:
745:
739:
735:
732:ghazal parti
731:
725:
722:rebana Perak
721:
717:
711:
707:
703:
697:
693:
687:
683:
677:
673:
667:
661:
657:
655:
638:
630:
622:
614:
604:
603:
592:
584:
578:
573:Kuala Lumpur
562:
544:
538:
532:
526:
524:
460:
451:Architecture
445:
429:Kuala Lumpur
398:
349:
348:Traditional
347:
277:Coat of arms
188:
184:Architecture
76:
64:Naga Pelangi
62:
57:
37:performers,
15:
5434:recognition
5352:Philippines
5297:South Korea
5292:North Korea
5182:Afghanistan
5126:Asia portal
5027:States with
4947:Philippines
4887:South Korea
4882:North Korea
4777:Afghanistan
4358:Agriculture
4216:Earthquakes
4134:Environment
3993:Prehistoric
3911:20 November
3831:20 November
3695:22 November
3667:Baju Kurung
3615:20 November
3409:Hassan 2016
3311:Karyaneka.
3105:"Cempuling"
2823:containing
2775:Nasi kerabu
2746:ayam pansuh
2736:tiyula itum
2714:bak kut teh
2708:nasi ambeng
2625:nasi kerabu
2619:nasi dagang
2371:Netherlands
2356:baju Melayu
2350:baju kebaya
2344:baju kurung
2287:mandi bunga
2187:Calligraphy
2183:Calligraphy
2136:bunga malai
2020:kasut manik
2015:kasut manik
1905:tudung saji
1792:labu Sayong
1762:labu Sayong
1552:-painting.
1525:in various
1291:Taming Sari
1271:orchestra.
1261:tepak sirih
1220:tepak sirih
1215:granulation
1132:handicrafts
1095:Indochinese
1024:Martial art
1000:tukang kaba
972:in Perlis;
970:awang batil
966:Dance-drama
952:wayang Siam
944:wayang Siam
918:Mahabharata
901:shadow play
884:shadow play
805:ulek mayang
689:kulintangan
679:dikir barat
619:kettledrums
540:dikir barat
511:Minangkabau
392:in today's
370:Singaporean
358:Bornean art
146:Immigration
5517:Categories
5412:Uzbekistan
5387:Tajikistan
5307:Kyrgyzstan
5287:Kazakhstan
5202:Bangladesh
5192:Azerbaijan
5007:Uzbekistan
4982:Tajikistan
4897:Kyrgyzstan
4877:Kazakhstan
4797:Bangladesh
4787:Azerbaijan
4599:Literature
4494:Healthcare
4469:Corruption
4387:(currency)
4317:Parliament
4312:Monarchies
4287:Censorship
4272:Government
3443:2017-12-24
3229:James 1994
3027:Moore 1998
2996:References
2929:Street art
2871:tok dalang
2691:for their
2656:asam laksa
2373:(May 1960)
2035:Kek Lok Si
1651:rebana ubi
1632:Orang Asli
1546:engkeramba
1446:kuku macan
1275:Pewterwork
1247:awan larat
1243:neillowork
1231:Silverwork
1184:metalworks
1182:Malaysian
1122:Visual art
1099:kickboxing
1058:Langkasuka
1028:See also:
1014:in Kedah;
1011:mek mulung
992:in Johor;
838:lion dance
824:mangunatip
814:layang mas
752:kertuk ulu
708:engkromong
684:rebana ubi
599:frame drum
585:rebana ubi
495:Portuguese
441:Orang Asli
407:, and the
401:Portuguese
366:Indonesian
249:Television
214:Literature
141:Malaysians
5497:Hong Kong
5452:Palestine
5377:Sri Lanka
5372:Singapore
5257:Indonesia
5168:Asian art
5093:Hong Kong
5047:Palestine
4972:Sri Lanka
4967:Singapore
4847:Indonesia
4546:Squatting
4511:Languages
4479:Education
4423:Transport
4292:Judiciary
4262:Elections
4221:Volcanoes
4191:Mountains
4124:Divisions
4119:Districts
4097:Geography
3714:0277-3066
3338:Niza 2016
3066:"Belotah"
2857:Animation
2796:swordfish
2583:Jewellery
2537:A wooden
2479:keringkam
2467:pua kumbu
2414:selendang
2383:tengkolok
2304:Deepavali
2268:Perfumery
2250:hornbills
1987:Orang Ulu
1967:tas manik
1901:mengkuang
1890:Jala Budi
1860:mengkuang
1820:porcelain
1816:Porcelain
1808:fenghuang
1741:The term
1475:baju besi
1436:lawi ayam
1432:Segenggam
1289:The kris
1257:Brasswork
1172:Ayutthaya
1163:bunga mas
1152:Metalwork
1097:forms of
1017:bangsawan
903:known as
799:mak inang
741:keroncong
736:cempuling
694:isun-isun
589:bass drum
437:Jesselton
354:Malay art
204:Festivals
156:Languages
43:Wau bulan
5442:Abkhazia
5392:Thailand
5347:Pakistan
5332:Mongolia
5327:Maldives
5322:Malaysia
5222:Cambodia
5116:Category
5037:Abkhazia
4987:Thailand
4942:Pakistan
4922:Mongolia
4917:Maldives
4912:Malaysia
4812:Cambodia
4714:Category
4594:Folklore
4536:Religion
4459:Abortion
4385:Ringgit
4307:Military
4235:Politics
4159:wildlife
3988:Timeline
3972:articles
3968:Malaysia
3627:(2007),
3543:The Star
3521:26 April
3208:. ITBM.
2963:See also
2898:Ejen Ali
2892:BoBoiBoy
2743:for its
2721:for its
2650:tempoyak
2556:terompah
2551:Terompah
2546:Footwear
2539:terompah
2378:Headgear
2231:Painting
2227:Painting
2039:lanterns
2002:beadwork
1978:Beadwork
1897:Basketry
1834:kopitiam
1796:terenang
1637:Mah Meri
1586:and the
1512:hornbill
1458:blowpipe
1441:kerambit
1418:Setangan
1414:Sepegang
1398:Setangan
1384:Selengan
1367:istingar
1302:blowpipe
1298:Blowpipe
1281:Weaponry
1251:kerawang
1239:filigree
1235:repoussé
1211:repoussé
1207:Goldwork
990:hamdolok
975:mak yong
912:Ramayana
828:mongigol
810:canggung
793:dances.
704:bermukun
699:sompoton
528:mak yong
507:Acehnese
479:Javanese
475:Buginese
419:such as
362:Bruneian
244:Manglish
234:Religion
229:Politics
151:Holidays
106:a series
104:Part of
35:Mak yong
5417:Vietnam
5317:Lebanon
5247:Georgia
5197:Bahrain
5187:Armenia
5012:Vietnam
4927:Myanmar
4907:Lebanon
4837:Georgia
4792:Bahrain
4782:Armenia
4691:Outline
4638:Symbols
4589:Cuisine
4566:Culture
4526:Poverty
4447:Society
4418:Tourism
4346:Economy
4247:Cabinet
4181:Islands
4109:Borders
3980:History
2954:, with
2846:AirAsia
2825:raisins
2780:keropok
2741:Sarawak
2702:lontong
2689:Malacca
2678:rendang
2602:Cuisine
2569:ringgit
2513:Bejalai
2509:bejalai
2490:Kelabit
2473:songket
2450:telepok
2440:pelangi
2425:songket
2420:Textile
2400:semutar
2389:songkok
2339:Costume
2262:Kelabit
2237:kampung
2205:Chinese
2201:Islamic
2170:at the
2144:Leather
2125:ketupat
2119:Ketupat
2112:origami
2094:ketupat
2082:Taoists
2071:aladdin
2054:lantern
1875:serdang
1788:mambong
1777:Pottery
1743:ceramic
1737:Ceramic
1710:congkak
1706:congkak
1701:mancala
1691:congkak
1595:chengal
1542:terabai
1484:perisai
1393:sundang
1380:lembing
1372:Setubuh
1361:terakor
1351:rentaka
1317:Malacca
1137:songket
1065:Malacca
860:Theatre
853:bhangra
833:sumazau
718:belotah
651:cymbals
639:serunai
635:trumpet
623:gendang
503:British
487:Siamese
483:Islamic
463:Chinese
433:Kuching
425:Malacca
409:British
386:Chinese
382:Islamic
374:Chinese
258:Symbols
199:Cuisine
132:History
93:One of
78:congkak
39:Gamelan
5462:Taiwan
5397:Turkey
5362:Russia
5302:Kuwait
5282:Jordan
5272:Israel
5232:Cyprus
5212:Brunei
5207:Bhutan
5057:Taiwan
4992:Turkey
4957:Russia
4892:Kuwait
4872:Jordan
4862:Israel
4822:Cyprus
4807:Brunei
4802:Bhutan
4719:Portal
4665:Flower
4655:Emblem
4650:Anthem
4645:Animal
4584:Cinema
4489:Health
4428:Unions
4375:Energy
4211:States
4206:Rivers
4164:plants
4022:Borneo
3970:
3885:
3867:
3848:
3804:
3785:
3767:
3748:
3729:
3712:
3653:
3635:
3588:
3569:
3493:27 May
3468:27 May
3323:31 May
3273:
3212:
3187:
3162:
3087:
2949:UNESCO
2922:Penang
2800:hinava
2724:hinava
2711:, and
2684:lemang
2665:, and
2636:durian
2593:, and
2591:silver
2560:Nyonya
2497:Tattoo
2458:, and
2442:, and
2409:tudong
2404:serban
2395:kopiah
2278:pandan
2258:Kenyah
2131:Flower
2031:Penang
2006:Nyonya
1999:Nyonya
1995:Nyonya
1982:Rungus
1914:ketapu
1871:bemban
1866:pandan
1855:rattan
1851:bamboo
1696:gasing
1685:gasing
1672:gasing
1655:gambus
1607:payang
1562:payang
1488:shield
1482:) and
1480:armour
1460:) and
1454:sumpit
1388:pedang
1333:meriam
1199:, and
1197:silver
1116:kuntau
1111:kuntau
1077:Brunei
1073:Patani
995:randai
981:menora
819:ngajat
787:, and
669:bongai
631:nafiri
615:nehara
491:Indian
489:, and
467:Indian
421:Penang
417:Borneo
413:Malaya
390:Indian
378:Indian
282:Flower
267:Anthem
239:Sports
194:Cinema
175:Topics
108:on the
31:Menora
5502:Macau
5422:Yemen
5382:Syria
5357:Qatar
5337:Nepal
5277:Japan
5252:India
5242:Egypt
5227:China
5098:Macau
5017:Yemen
4977:Syria
4952:Qatar
4932:Nepal
4867:Japan
4842:India
4832:Egypt
4817:China
4698:Index
4629:Sport
4619:Names
4614:Music
4609:Media
4556:Women
4464:Crime
4363:Banks
4186:Lakes
3672:(PDF)
3515:Today
2730:latok
2719:Sabah
2673:lemak
2668:rojak
2641:gulai
2595:brass
2523:Henna
2519:Henna
2461:sulam
2455:tekat
2445:tenun
2436:limar
2431:batik
2332:Murut
2298:Kolam
2293:Kolam
2246:ivory
2242:Ivory
2154:Other
2107:attap
2050:Paper
2037:with
1841:Craft
1770:Perak
1747:Greek
1601:pinas
1589:bedar
1583:pinas
1470:zirah
1427:badik
1409:tekpi
1356:Bidik
1265:gongs
1201:brass
1090:tomoi
1085:silat
1081:silat
1069:Johor
1053:silat
1030:Silat
1005:jikey
924:Panji
790:asyik
772:zapin
766:joget
758:Dance
747:rodat
727:boria
606:Nobat
581:gongs
553:Music
534:zapin
499:Dutch
405:Dutch
224:Music
219:Media
166:Women
59:pinas
5342:Oman
5312:Laos
5267:Iraq
5262:Iran
4937:Oman
4902:Laos
4857:Iraq
4852:Iran
4660:Flag
4516:LGBT
4277:King
3913:2017
3883:ISBN
3865:ISBN
3846:ISBN
3833:2017
3802:ISBN
3783:ISBN
3765:ISBN
3746:ISBN
3727:ISBN
3710:ISSN
3697:2018
3651:ISBN
3633:ISBN
3617:2017
3586:ISBN
3567:ISBN
3523:2015
3495:2017
3470:2017
3325:2018
3271:ISBN
3210:ISBN
3185:ISBN
3160:ISBN
3085:ISBN
2895:and
2755:and
2733:and
2695:and
2681:and
2647:pais
2644:and
2628:and
2587:gold
2476:and
2347:and
2260:and
2207:and
2196:jawi
2102:Leaf
2060:and
1932:and
1847:wood
1751:clay
1720:Muar
1688:and
1659:sape
1657:and
1613:lepa
1604:and
1550:ukir
1538:ukir
1523:ukir
1498:Wood
1448:and
1424:and
1422:kris
1406:and
1390:and
1378:and
1364:and
1348:and
1345:lela
1328:Tuju
1313:Kris
1309:Kris
1300:: A
1241:and
1225:kris
1213:and
1193:gold
1189:iron
1176:Siam
1160:The
1140:and
1075:and
1032:and
998:and
958:and
950:and
942:and
915:and
850:and
840:and
830:and
812:and
784:inai
769:and
750:and
738:and
730:and
720:and
713:sape
710:and
696:and
682:and
672:and
647:gong
643:oboe
564:sape
509:and
477:and
435:and
415:and
388:and
380:and
368:and
356:and
287:Tree
272:Flag
45:and
33:and
5069:and
4574:Art
4297:Law
3684:doi
2907:Lat
2850:Lat
2412:or
2402:or
2392:or
2174:in
2067:wau
2033:'s
1956:wau
1952:wau
1948:wau
1944:Wau
1940:wau
1929:wau
1888:wau
1412:),
1396:),
1382:),
1370:),
1354:),
637:),
629:),
621:),
189:Art
5519::
4020:/
3899:.
3819:.
3680:15
3678:.
3674:.
3603:.
3540:.
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3486:.
3461:.
3436:.
3296:.
3285:^
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2920:,
2889:,
2883:,
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2749:,
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2470:,
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2229::
2203:,
2185::
2069:,
1869:,
1863:,
1857:,
1853:,
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1768:,
1760:A
1653:,
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1494:.
1444:,
1438:,
1342:,
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1237:,
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1191:,
1148:.
1087:,
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1067:,
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