45:
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401:
normal course. The first stage built five tunnels as well as an access bridge on one side. In the second stage, the river was diverted into these tunnels by blocking its normal course to allow construction of the dam. In the third phase, the dam structure was built, finished in 1964 and the closing the tunnels was begun. In the last stage the final tunnels were closed and the reservoir completely sealed by the dam.
482:
29:
52:
353:. The Nezahualcoyotl is the second largest reservoir in Mexico after the Belisario Dominguez, covering an area of 995,000 hectares and with a maximum storage capacity of 9,750 million meters cubed. The dam mostly exists to power one of the largest hydroelectric complexes in Mexico. It is managed by the Comité Técnico de Operación de Obras Hidráulicas which is made up of the
404:
The resulting reservoir not only covered the rapids of this area of the
Grijalva River, but also fresh water and thermal springs, rainforest, animal habitat, farmland, archeological sites and various towns and villages, with the most significant being Quechula. Quechula was a Zoque dominion when the
455:
These two dams serve as a means to control flooding of the river as it heads into
Tabasco state, but when reservoirs are dangerously full, it becomes necessary to release large quantities of water. This most often occurs in late summer and fall, when rains are heaviest. This water heads to the flat
430:
in 1965. The San Isidro site is located at the former conjunction of the
Grijalva and La Venta Rivers. Its ball court is significant because it is double, with a nearly square space of eighty by sixty meters, bordered by the traditional sloped walls. In the center of the space is a division making
523:
The decision to build the bridge was made in 2002 and the project lasted fourteen months with inauguration occurring in
December 2003. The bridge stretches 1,208 meters over a section of the reservoir. The bridge is ten meters wide, with eight supports, seven pillars or "jackets" and one strip of
400:
Construction of the dam began in 1959 with most completed by 1964 and final containment of the reservoir completed in 1966. It was built by Cía
Raudales, a consortium of seven companies. Construction was undertaken in four main phases, with the river diverted through tunnels on both sides of its
460:
and has cause serious flooding problems. In 1970, the silting basin was severely damaged during a flood 20% less than the design capacity. Pressure fluctuations caused the stone slabs to detach from their anchor. The last major floodings related to the
Malpaso dam occurred in 2007 and 2008.
493:, an area of tall growth rainforest. This is one of the most important in southern Mexico due to the size and biological diversity. The federal government has invested in the development of ecotourism in the area such as Jun Jnopbentik, which is administered by eight local
413:, starting in 1564, which was submerged with the rest of the town after construction of the dam. However, each year during the dry season, at least part of this structure reappears when water levels are low. Most of the building’s walls have collapsed but the wall with the
461:
Unusually heavy rain not only filled the dam to over capacity, flooding about 400 towns around the area in 2007. In 2008, Twenty two communities in the dam area were flooded and when the water finally flowed freely again, major flooding occurred in
Tabasco, especially in
502:, part of a major federal highway that was built in the area since the dam was constructed, there is an ecotourism center which offers boat tours, hiking, horseback riding and camping, along with a number of restaurants for passers-by featuring fish from the area.
469:, the dam's owner, shut down operations at the dam to complete the second stage on a canal project designed to alleviate storage in the dam's reservoir. The canal's construction occurred in three stages and it was dug through a mud slide in between the dam and the
380:. The area has a hot and humid climate with most rain occurring between June and November, which are also the hottest months as well. The average annual temperature is 25C. The area ecology is mostly tall growth rainforest and most belongs to the
532:
which weigh 8,900 tons with an average weight of eight tons per meter. The total amount of steel used is over 19,000 tons, the equivalent of four ocean platforms. It was selected as the best infrastructure project in Mexico in 2004.
451:
which can significantly raise or lower reservoir levels and the amount of water which flows out of them through the dams. Malpaso is the closest large dam to the flat floodplains of
Tabasco, with only the smaller Peñitas closer.
421:
in the old town. The reappearance of the church still brings visitors to the area. The creation of the dam forced the relocation of hundreds of families in the area with most moved to a community called Nuevo
Quechula.
317:. Construction of the dam occurred in the 1960s and flooded not only the riverbed but also hectares of rainforest and farmland, various towns and villages and archeological sites. These include the former town of
497:
organizations. Another attraction connected to the reservoir’s river system is the La Venta Canyon, which is part of the La Venta River that feeds the reservoir and also part of the El Ocote
Reserve. Next to the
425:
Before the building of the dam, the area was surveyed by the Proyecto de Salvamento Arqueologico (Archeological Salvage Project) . One of the major finds from this period is the site of San Isidro with its
1204:[Opening of the Tuxtla Gutierrez-Mexico City highway, Las Choapas-Ocozocoautla section] (Press release) (in Spanish). Government of Mexico-Fox administration. December 22, 2003. Archived from
368:
There is an overlook set up to get a panoramic view of the reservoir and surroundings. The dam and reservoir are located in the mountainous Centro region of the state, mostly in the municipalities of
489:
The creation of the dam and later infrastructure projects has allowed for the development of an ecotourism industry in the area. Most of the reservoir is within the
631:
813:
329:. Commissioning of the dam's 1,080 MW power station began in 1969 and ended in 1977. The reservoir and later construction of a federal highway has spurred
1227:
Concepcion Marquez (April 6, 2005). "Puente Chiapas, mejor obra de infraestructura del año" [Chiapas Bridge, best infrastructure of the year].
1032:
1404:
1379:
820:(in Spanish). Mexico: Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal and Gobierno del Estado de Chiapas. 2005. Archived from
713:
1307:
1064:Óscar Gutiérrez (November 29, 2007). "Nivel de la presa Malpaso atemoriza a pobladores" [Level of the Malpaso Dam scares residents].
362:
767:"Aumentará extracción en presa Malpaso como prueba de operación" [Will increase water extraction at the Malpaso Dam as a test].
1201:
1131:
448:
325:
church will appear when water is at low levels, and the archeological site of San Isidro which contains one of only two known double
1174:
1005:
937:
105:
1079:Óscar Gutiérrez (January 9, 2008). "Malpaso tiene bajo el agua a 22 poblados" [Malpaso has 22 communities under water].
963:"Garantizan generación de energía pese a bajo nivel de presas" [Guarantee energy production despite low level in dams].
1399:
575:
615:
1109:
848:
745:
358:
1394:
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354:
164:
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downstream. At the end of the third stage, the canal will be able to pass 3,500 m/s (123,601 cu ft/s).
44:
1300:
635:
748:[Nezahualcóyotl Dam (Raudales de Malpaso) (Chiapas)] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Mexico Desconocido magazine
605:
516:
The Chiapas Bridge crosses over the Malpaso Dam reservoir and its part of a federal highway that connects southern
381:
1175:
Roberto Gómez Martínez; David Muria Villa; Roberto Abraham Sánchez Ramírez; José Alberto Escobar Sánchez (2006).
1094:
Carlos Marí (April 9, 2008). "Desaira Conagua quejas en Tabasco" [Conagua rejects complaints in Tabasco].
694:
David Diaz (February 16, 2003). "Quechula... hace honor a su nombre" [Quechula… doing honor to its name].
1389:
821:
549:
1293:
1157:"Cañón de La Venta, tesoro majestuoso de Chiapas" [La Venta Canyon, majestic treasure of Chiapas].
1039:
490:
1384:
983:
717:
855:(in Spanish). Mexico: Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas. Archived from
657:
1374:
1277:
427:
326:
314:
1338:
350:
1202:"Apertura de la Autopista Tuxtla Gutiérrez-México, D.F., en el tramo Las Choapas-Ocozocoautla"
1205:
1285:
986:(Press release) (in Spanish). Government of Mexico-Zedillo Administration. October 15, 1999
525:
520:
to Tuxtla Gutierrez. The bridge and highway make the dam area more accessible to tourism.
439:
The area is hot and humid with large quantities of rainfall which mostly comes in from the
310:
8:
940:[Ball game courts] (in Spanish). Mexico: Universidad Veracruzana. Archived from
377:
1316:
1009:
856:
410:
270:
941:
611:
896:
634:[Map of Hydraulic Regions] (in Spanish). Mexico: INEGI. 2010. Archived from
1343:
794:[Malpaso Reservoir] (in Spanish). Mexico: Secretaría de Turismo de Chiapas
447:. Precipitation in the area is also strongly affected by the weather phenomena of
342:
585:. International Association of Hydraulic Engineering & Research. p. 4199
406:
322:
263:
791:
1320:
1008:[Hydrology] (in Spanish). Mexico: Government of Tabasco. Archived from
511:
499:
440:
418:
389:
306:
189:
1353:
574:
Domínguez Mora, Ramó; Arganis Juárez, Maritza L.; Carrizosa Elizondo, Eliseo.
470:
346:
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254:
120:
107:
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concrete fastened onto solid land. The upper part of the bridge is made of
457:
385:
373:
341:
Malpaso is one of several on the Grijalva River in Chiapas, along with the
573:
716:[Dams of Chiapas] (in Spanish). Mexico: Antroglob. Archived from
417:
remains. This first time this occurred, local residents decided to hold
369:
89:
414:
330:
903:(in Spanish). Mexico: Organización Editorial Mexicana. August 26, 2009
899:[Draining of reservoir shows the face of submerged villages].
431:
two sub-courts. Today this site is under the waters of the reservoir.
1271:
583:
33rd IAHR Congress: Water Engineering for a Sustainable Environment
529:
517:
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318:
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93:
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481:
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slow draining floodplains of Tabasco, including its capital of
294:
176:
79:
28:
1038:. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. Archived from
882:(in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico. August 25, 2009. p. 12.
494:
1315:
897:"Desfogue de presa exhibe el rostro de pueblos sumergidos"
818:
Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México Estado de Chiapas
313:
and has the second largest reservoir in Mexico, after the
1033:"The Effective Pressure on the Chutes of Stilling Basins"
922:"Vestigios que asombran" [Vestiges that amaze].
485:
Restaurants next to the reservoir at the Chiapas bridge
305:. It was the first of several major dams built on the
926:(in Spanish). Mexico City. August 25, 2002. p. 2.
746:"Presa Nezahualcóyotl (Raudales de Malpaso) (Chiapas)"
1239:
1226:
878:"Sale templo a flote" [Temple floats up].
607:Lake ecosystem ecology : a global perspective
336:
1366:
1078:
1063:
1110:"CFE to shut down Malpaso dam for canal works"
743:
220:10,596,000,000 m (8,590,317 acre⋅ft)
1301:
1161:(in Spanish). Mexico City. February 28, 2009.
1134:[Tourism increases in Ocozocoautla].
228:9,600,000,000 m (7,782,847 acre⋅ft)
576:"Operating Rules of Grijalva Dams in Mexico"
1093:
967:(in Spanish). Mexico City. August 27, 2009.
891:
889:
698:(in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico. p. 8.
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853:Turismo Alternativo en Pueblos Indígenas
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1405:Energy infrastructure completed in 1977
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971:
771:(in Spanish). Mexico City. May 5, 2008.
732:
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676:
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434:
388:territory but there are communities of
363:Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
1380:Hydroelectric power stations in Mexico
1367:
1191:
1165:
1030:
836:
775:
603:
1289:
1150:
1057:
361:and the Engineering Institute of the
289:, is located in the Centro region of
1132:"Incrementa turismo en Ocozocoautla"
984:"Presa Raudales de Malpaso, Chiapas"
51:
13:
1138:(in Spanish). Chiapas. May 5, 2010
351:Belisario Dominguez (La Angostura)
14:
1416:
938:"Las Canchas del Juego de Pelota"
664:(in Spanish). Mexico: INEGI. 2010
610:. London: Academic. p. 330.
505:
236:381 km (147 sq mi)
59:Location of Malpaso Dam in Mexico
1332:
1270:
1256:
1242:
467:Comisión Federal de Electricidad
382:Selva El Ocote Biosphere Reserve
355:Comisión Federal de Electricidad
165:Comisión Federal de Electricidad
50:
43:
1102:
1098:(in Spanish). Saltillo, Mexico.
1024:
632:"Mapa de Regiones Hidrológicas"
395:
384:. The area is considered to be
597:
567:
542:
337:Reservoir and its surroundings
1:
1400:1966 establishments in Mexico
604:Likens, Gene E., ed. (2010).
536:
476:
405:Spanish arrived in 1524. The
7:
376:, 139 km northwest of
10:
1421:
1395:Dams on the Grijalva River
1231:(in Spanish). Mexico City.
1083:(in Spanish). Mexico City.
1068:(in Spanish). Mexico City.
509:
491:El Ocote Biosphere Reserve
285:, officially known as the
207:480 m (1,575 ft)
199:137.5 m (451 ft)
1327:
528:materials with 102 metal
409:built a church here, the
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1112:. Business News Americas
327:Mesoamerican ball courts
16:Dam in Tecpatán, Chiapas
1278:Renewable energy portal
744:Arturo Chairez (2000).
714:"Las presas de Chiapas"
428:Mesoamerican ball court
315:Belisario Dominguez Dam
271:Installed capacity
145:Construction began
1390:Dams completed in 1966
555:. Lga Consulting. 2011
486:
901:El Heraldo de Chiapas
712:Tadashi Obara (ed.).
550:"Mexico Water Report"
484:
443:through the state of
365:(UNAM) among others.
321:, whose 16th century
297:near the border with
177:Type of dam
121:17.17861°N 93.59833°W
33:view of the reservoir
859:on February 21, 2013
792:"Embalse de Malpaso"
435:Flood control issues
311:hydroelectric energy
246:Commission date
225:Active capacity
449:El Niño and La Niña
217:Total capacity
126:17.17861; -93.59833
117: /
1317:Hydroelectric dams
487:
411:Temple of Santiago
287:Nezahualcóyotl Dam
71:Represa de Malpaso
1362:
1361:
1136:El Sol de Chiapas
1031:Kavianpour, M.R.
617:978-0-12-382002-0
279:
278:
233:Surface area
171:Dam and spillways
153:Opening date
1412:
1385:Rock-filled dams
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849:"Puente Chiapas"
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824:on June 17, 2011
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378:Tuxtla Gutiérrez
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1208:on July 3, 2015
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1375:Dams in Mexico
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1179:(Report). UNAM
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1012:on May 9, 2012
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512:Chiapas Bridge
510:Main article:
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506:Chiapas Bridge
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500:Chiapas Bridge
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1250:Mexico portal
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1045:on 2005-05-19
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1007:
1006:"Hidrografía"
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944:on 2007-10-17
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720:on 2012-02-08
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241:Power Station
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68:Official name
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1264:Water portal
1228:
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1212:February 16,
1210:. Retrieved
1206:the original
1183:February 16,
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1104:
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1081:El Universal
1080:
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1066:El Universal
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1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1040:the original
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1016:February 17,
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857:the original
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828:February 17,
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636:the original
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544:
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488:
465:. In 2008,
458:Villahermosa
454:
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424:
403:
399:
396:Construction
374:Ocozocoautla
367:
340:
309:to generate
286:
282:
280:
264:Francis-type
589:18 February
559:18 February
526:orthotropic
471:Peñitas Dam
283:Malpaso Dam
124: /
100:Coordinates
22:Malpaso Dam
1369:Categories
1229:Economista
1116:27 January
1049:27 January
814:"Tecpatán"
537:References
477:Ecotourism
415:bell gable
407:Dominicans
331:ecotourism
181:Embankment
112:93°35′54″W
109:17°10′43″N
1344:Chicoasén
1339:Angostura
530:voussoirs
392:as well.
343:Chicoasén
323:Dominican
249:1969-1977
212:Reservoir
880:El Norte
696:El Norte
662:Cuéntame
658:"Presas"
518:Veracruz
463:Nacajuca
390:Tzotzils
370:Tecpatán
319:Quechula
303:Veracruz
275:1,080 MW
259:6 x 180
255:Turbines
186:Impounds
161:Owner(s)
90:Tecpatán
86:Location
1354:Peñitas
1349:Malpaso
1319:on the
1159:NOTIMEX
1096:Palabra
965:NOTIMEX
924:Reforma
769:NOTIMEX
445:Tabasco
359:Conagua
347:Peñitas
299:Tabasco
291:Chiapas
94:Chiapas
76:Country
614:
349:, and
295:Mexico
204:Length
196:Height
140:In use
137:Status
80:Mexico
1177:(PDF)
1043:(PDF)
1036:(PDF)
579:(PDF)
553:(PDF)
495:ejido
386:Zoque
1214:2012
1185:2012
1144:2012
1118:2011
1051:2011
1018:2012
992:2012
950:2012
909:2012
865:2012
830:2012
800:2012
754:2012
726:2012
670:2012
644:2012
612:ISBN
591:2012
561:2012
419:mass
301:and
281:The
156:1966
148:1958
1371::
1193:^
1167:^
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357:,
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261:MW
92:,
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